Methods for securing the digits of the McKeldin Hall sundial

8/3/2019 Methods for securing the digits of the McKeldin Hall sundial

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Report onMethods of Securing the Digits of the McKeldin Mall Sundial

Submitted toXXXXXXXXXXFor

English 393University of MarylandCollege Park, MarylandDecember 11, 2009

ByXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX


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TABLE OF CONTENTSMethods of Securing the Digits of the McKeldin Mall Sundial

List of Figures, ,, , , , , .. , , , , ivList of Tables ,. , , , , ,..vAbstract... vi1.0.0. Introduction "" , , 11.1.0. Background ,., ,., ,' '" 11.2.0. Importance , , 11.3.0. Suggested Solutions '" '" ,., , , , '" " 22.0.0. Solution 1: Epoxy '" " 32.1.0. Description , , , , 32.2.0. Implementation , '" , '" , '" 32.2.1. Epoxy Method 1, , ' ,..32.2.2. Epoxy Method 2 , , .42.3.0. Construction Duration '" , '" 52.4.0. Cost and Maintenance " , , 62.5.0. Aesthetics and Evaluation , , ",63.0.0. Solution 2: Replace Pad , ,. ' , 73.1.0. Description and Implementation , '" 73.2.0. Construction Duration , 73.3.0. Cost and Maintenance ,., " .. " ,., ..83.4.0. Aesthetics and Evaluation 84.0.0. Solution 3: Lighting , , , 104.1.0. Description ,.. " , """ , , 104.2.0. Implementation , .. , '" , ' .. , 114.2.1. Lighting Method 1, , ".,., 11

4.2.2. Lighting Method 2 '" , '" 124.3.0. Construction Duration '" 134.4.0. Cost and Maintenance '" ., 144.5.0. Aesthetics , 144,6.0. Evaluation '" , '" 154.7.0. Summary '" '" 155,0.0. Solution 4: Surveillance Cameras 165.1.0, Description '" '" 165.2.0. Implementation " 175.3.0. Initial Cost/Construction Duration , 175.4.0. Annual Cost and Maintenance/Aesthetics 185.5.0. Evaluation/Summary 186.0.0. Recommendation and Conclusion .. , 207.0.0. References 208.0.0. Appendices '" ., , '" '" , , ..228.1.0. Appendix A , 228.2.0. Appendix B , , 238.3.0. Appendix C.. , '" '" '" 258.4.0. Appendix D '" '" 279.0.0. Glossary , , , , 28


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LIST OF TABLESTable 2.0 Strength characteristics of HIT-HY 10 """"" ..,.." .4Table 2.1 Strength characteristics of HVU adhesive capsule" , , 5Table 2.2 Timeline for using hooks and adhesive " 5Table 2.3 Materials cost for using epoxy "' 6Table 3.0 Timeline of replacing the pad 8Table 3,1 Materials cost for replacing the pad ,.., , , , , , , 9Table 4.0 Efficiency chart for incandescent, CFL, and LED lights 11Table 4.1 Gantt chart for lighting method 1 (Recessed brick lights and flood light) 13Table 4.2 Gantt chart for lighting method 2 (l.iqhtvault'") 13Table 4,3 Cost breakdown for both lighting methods 14Table 6.0 Solutions broken down by judgment criteria , 19


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METHODS OF SECURING THE 'DIGITS OF THE" MCULDIN NIALL.SUNDIAL

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2.0.0. Solution 1: Hooks and Epoxy2.1.0. DescriptionOne method suggested is the use of hooks together with an adhesive to secure thedigits. The adhesive should be strong enough to withstand the tension applied by anaverage build person trying to pull the digit out. On average this value is 2000lb. Thisis the method used to fasten the digits currently; however the type of adhesive beingused was not designed to be used in shear* or tension*. The adhesive currently usedis called Rockite. This solution will suggest two different types of adhesives that can beused. They are Hilti's H1T-HY 10 (Figure 2.0.) and the Hilti's HVU adhesive capsule(Figure 2.1.). Figures one and two shows how the adhesives are shipped. The HIT-HY10 requires a specific type of dispensing device while the HVU adhesive capsuledoesn't require any type of dispensing device.

ED3500Diepcnoor1~;;5;:~H IT H Y 10

MD2000Drsoense

Figure 2.0. HIT-HY 10.Source: Hilti. com[2}

Figure 2.1. HVU adhesive capsule.S o ur ce : H ilti. c om f3 }

The type of insert or screw that should be used for bothadhesives is the 1/2in screw (Figure 2.2.). When installedcorrectly or welded to another piece of metal it has a tensile Figure 2.2. Adhesive insert, S' H'lt' {3 }strength of 2000Ibf3 }. The adhesives and insert will work our c e. I t.comtogether to secure the digits.2.2.0. Implementation2.2.1. Epoxy Method 1Hilti HIT-HY10 is an adhesive that's a mix of resin, hardener, cement and water [Hilti).It is designed to be used with concrete as its base material (the main material theadhesive fastens to); however it loses more than half of its strength when used intension instead of compression. As shown in table 2.0. (next page), the value of thebond strength drops from 52551b (pounds) to 2100lb as the strength characteristicchanges form shear* to tensile".


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! [ H VU A l l o w ab le B on d fC on c r e t e C ap a c i ty H VU U l t im a te B on d /C on c r e t e C a p a c ilyi Tensile Shear . Tensile i ShearR m l Embedmen t Adhesive t '


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3.0.0. Solution 2: Replace the Pad3.1.0. Description and ImplementationAnother method suggested was to replace the current sundial pad with one that isdesigned to prevent vandalism. A new steel reinforced pad will replace the old pad.The old pad will be demolished to two inches below the surface of the bricks around it.A ring of bricks around the area will also be removed to enable wooden forms to beinstalled. The removed bricks will be stored so that they can be used to restore thearea around the sundial to its proper state. A quarter inch thick by 8 inches highplywood forms should be used for the circle and 2inches thick by 8inches high plywoodforms will be used for the straight part of the sundial pad. Figure 3.0. shows anisometric view of the excavated pad with plywood forms in place. The plywood formswil! be in the shape of the sundial thereby molding the concrete into the desired shape.Since the pad will be excavated to 2 inches below the surface, the 8 inches highplywood forms will create a pad that is 6 inches high from the top of nearby bricks.After being filled to the top, the forms will make it easier to screed* the top of theconcrete because they will provide a straight edge to place the levels.

Figure 3.0. Excavated pad with plywood forms.The size of rebars used to reinforce the new pad will have a nominal diameter ofO.5inches. This diameter size was chosen because it is a standard size that can bebent to attach to two different parts under the digits while maintaining a 4 inch spacebetween the welded points. Figure 3.1. (next page) shows the layout of rebar. Thelayout has to be customized to fit the pad because the space or angle between theroman numeral digits and the date digits is unequal. Using a standard layout willincrease the amount of rebars required to successfully complete the project. It mightalso create gaps in locations where the digits were to be welded.In order to secure the digits to the pad, the digits will be welded to the rebars using anE70 xx grade electrode. This type of electrode has the ability to securely attach steeland copper together without compromising the strength of the bond. After setting upthe mold, and welding the digit and rebar together, the rebar will be inserted into themold before the concrete is poured. Since this project is not big, premixed concrete willbe more cost effective than using a specific concrete mix with a specific requirementssuch as type of gradation*, water to cement ratio and slump*. The type of premixedconcrete used in the solution will depend on the rate of curing* that is required. In


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Page 9 ..

3.3.0. Cost and MaintenanceFor a pad that has a total volume of 130.78 cubic feet, the amount of rebar needed toimplement solution 2 (replace the pad) will be 450ft. The amount of concrete requiredwill be 130.78cf. As shown in table 3.1., the cost of the rebar per foot is $0.50, whilethe cost of Quikrete concrete per 80lb bag is $25. The total cost of the plywood formswill be $346 and the cost of paint for the pad will be $40; therefore the total cost ofmaterials will be $6,060.17.Material Unit Quantity Unit Cost ($) Quantity Total Cost ($)Required(0.25 X 8 inches) Ply- 1ft 2 43ft 86wood(2 X 8 inches) Plywood 1ft 5 52ft 260Rebar 1ft 0.50 450ft 225Quikrete Concrete 80 Ib (0.6ft3) 25 130.78ftA3 5,449.17Paint 1 gallon 10 4 40Total 6,060.17

Table 3.1. Materials cost for replacing the pad.

3.4.0. Aesthetics and EvaluationThe outward appearance of the pad doesn't change if this method is used. Howeversince the whole pad is replaced, it's implementation is not easy. The duration for thissolution is 53 days which is longer than the previous solution. The total cost ofreplacing the pad is $6,060.17; this is high compared to the total cost of solution one.


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Page 11

average operating life of the three types of lights. In addition to its long operating life,the LED uses less power than a CFL or incandescent bulbs. Table 4.0 also comparespower consumption and cost over the life span of the three types of lights. While anLED is more expensive to purchase initially, its power consumption divided by itsoperating life is significantly lower than a CFL and even more so when compared withan incandescent bulb. Therefore, this report will assume that LEOs will be used forlighting the sundial.At'fyp'iCaI>ten",c~n.tsp\efKwH rate

Total fIouI5 Bulb C'. t: i5tpe! ' TotalCDstpetof life ~~ K'WHRate ~H~ ~H~ Bulb lW.a:DitJOIjts

$0,.40$3:00$15.00

$6.00 $9>00$1:..30$13.00

incandEsce nt 60 ' $0..10$0.10

1,500 $626.67$1.6.0:00Fl 13$81.67

Table 4,0. Efficiency chart for incandescent, CFL, and LED lights.Source: montanawithkids. com[12]

With the help of Mr. XXXXX we have ascertained twopossible methods to illuminate the sundial area. Thefirst method utilizes the locations of the existing step-lights (figure 4.1) recessed in the west retaining wall(see appendix C 8.3.1.ltem 6) as well as a new floodlight located in the planting bed (see appendix CB.3.1.ltem 2) on the east side of the sundial. Thesecond method involves installing eight LightVaults@around the perimeter of the sundial. Figure 4.1. Existing recessed step-light.4.2.0. Implementation4.2.1. Lighting Method 1In order to take advantage of the existing electricinfrastructure supplying the current fixtures, the existingstep-lights (5) would be replaced with 15 watt LED bricklights (Figure 4.2) (See Appendix C 8,3.2.). Unlike thestep-Hghts, that have a downward projection angle, theLED brick light fixtures project light directly outwardeffectively lighting the west side (Appendix C 8.3.1.) ofthe sundial area. In order to illuminate the east side ofthe sundial a 45 watt LED floodlight (Figure 4.3 - nextpage) would be installed directly to the east of the Figure 4.2. LED brick fixture.

Source: Lumux LightingJ13)


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4.3.0. Construction DurationAs can be seen in the following Gantt charts (Tables 4.1 & 4.2) the UghtVault@solutionruns about a week longer. This is due to the masonry work that would need to be donein order to repave the area around the sundial. The recessed lighting solution runsabout five weeks. However, it should be noted that in both .cases the majority of thetime is taken up by administrative tasks and issues making the actual construction timebetween 1 -1 / 2 and 3 weeks.

Solution 3 (Reccessed and Flood)Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5

Name of Task/day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25Write construction specificationReview and fanaliz e the drawingsBid .Apply for permits \ ~ .~Revome concrete and dig trenches ~ J IRemove eXisting fixtures and deliver new fixtures i t , ,Lay conduit , IIns.tall recessed fixtures and cast flood li fght base IReplace concrete and let cure . . . . . . . . . .Install f lood light r . ' , .Table 4.1. Gantt chart for lightmg method 1 (Recessed brick lights and flood light).

lightVault5Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6

Name ofTask/day 1 2 3 4 5 6 789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30Write construction specification . ". ,Review and Ianal izs the drawings , i ,Bid < . . kApplv for permits iRemove masomyand concreteDiq utility trencheslav conduit ' ' ' 'nstall and cast vaul t lightsReplace concrete and let cure ! I i iiReplace masonry ~ ~Table 4.2. Gantt chart for lighting method 2 (Liqhtvault"). Key

T as k d ura tio nDependency +Mi !es tones


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for the camera. McKeldin Library, being theclosest building as well as the tallest, makes it ourchoice for mounting the CCTV camera.

Figure 5.3. IV&C ZO-3130-02S o u r c e : I V & C _ E 1 7 ] .Figure 5.2. McKeldin Mall. All buildings'line-of-sight to sundial impeded by treesexcept for McKeldin library (top right) andAdministration Buildin~ ~battom left).S ou rc e: u rh om e . u m d. 1 9 The camera we have chosen for this project is theIndustrial Video and Control (IV&C) ZO-3130-02(Figure 5.3.) (See Appendix 0 8.4.2.). This camera has 104x zoom (including digital)and can operate in .01 lux lighting which is about equivalent to the light from the nightsky with a quarter moon. The current amount of light in the sundial area is greaterthan .01 lux due to the flood lights mounted on the north and south sides of the Mall(See Appendix C 8.3.1. Item 12).5.2.0. ImplementationMounting a security camera is a relatively easy process. In this report we will not gointo detail with regard to the exact location and instillation of the CCTV camera. Aftermany calls, quite a few messages, and a denied request for an interview we resignedto the idea that, for security reasons, we would not be able to get all the information weneeded to make a detailed estimate. However, Major XXXX XXXX was very helpfulwith regard to basic information about the CCTV system.The instillation will entail locating the nearest network port inside the library andrunning a CAT -5* (or similar) cable from the network hub to the camera. It will benecessary to drill a hole in the outside of the building to run the power cord, as well asthe data cord, to the appropriate places. The drilled hole would have to beweatherized to prevent damage to the building.5.3.0. Initial Cost/Construction DurationDue to our limited access the majority of the information in this section is from themajor as well. The IV&C OZ-3130 camera which we mentioned earlier as our choicefor the surveillance of the sundial is priced at $1,995. Major XXXXX has told us thatcamera instillations cost $2,000-$6,000. Our best guess for the final cost includingmaterials and instillation is $4,000-$4,500. Instillation usually takes 2-4 days.


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6.0.0. Recommendation and ConclusionTable 6.0. shows a breakdown of the solutions with regard to our judgment criteriastated at the opening of this report. We recommend the use of the Hilti HVU epoxyalong with the installation of a CCTV camera. We chose two solutions in order tophysically secure the sundial as well as provide a deterrent for a would-be vandal. TheHVU epoxy method is preferable over replacing the entire pad simply because its cost-benefit ratio is much higher. As for choosing the CCTV camera over both lightingmethods, we believe that there is simply too much involved, especially when such asimple method such as a CCTV camera is available. Lighting would be a moreplausible option if it was decided to renovate the entire sundial area from scratch. Ifthis was the case it would be a simple matter of adding lighting drawings to the plans.Our recommended solution would cost about $5,000, and would take 11 days tocomplete. The aesthetics of the sundial area would be unchanged, with the exceptionof some carefully installed signage. Possibly most important of all, ourrecommendation would require minimal effort from the University of Maryland'slandscaping crew-the department which would be charged with the implementation ofthese recommendations.

Solution Implementation Ease Construction Du- Cost ($) Aestheticsration

Using hooks and ep- Easy 11 days ~63.96 No Effectoxy: Hilti HIT-HY10Using hooks and ep- Easy 11 days 338.96 No Effectoxy: Hilti HVU adhesivecapsuleReplacing the pad Hard 37 days 13,560.17 No EffectCreating more Lighting: Medium 1 6 days 14681.00+53 ChangesMethod 1 lannuallyCreating more Lighting: Hard 12 days 12,049 Little EffectMethod 2Using Surveillance Easy 2 days 3000-4000+48 No EffectCameras annuallyTable 6.0. Solutions broken down by judgment criteria.

As mentioned earlier, the McKeldin Mall Sundial in one of four official monuments ofthe University of Maryland. Our solution for protecting this important monument is aninexpensive fix to a problem that can be an embarrassment to the University if leftunattended.


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uploads/2009/1 0/cost-per-kHowatt-hour-cfI1.jpg. [Accessed: Novemebr 25, 2009].[13] Lumux, " SL600 SERIES - Recessed 10 inch x 4 inch x 4 inch. / SL600SS," LumuxArchitectural Lighting, SL600 Specifications. [Online]. Available: http://www.lumux.net/details.php?gid=223&sgid=247&pid=761. [Accessed: November 26,2009).[14] Kim Lighting, "LED Compact Flood Light," Kim Lighting, LED Flood LightSpecifications, 2008. [pdf). Available: http://www.kimfighting.com/. [Accessed:November 15, 2009].[15] Kim Lighting, "LightVault Concealed In-grade Luminaire ," Kim Lighting, LEDLightVault Specifications, 2009. [pdf]. Available: http://www.kimlighting.com/.[Accessed: November 15,2009].[16]. Phillip R. Waier, RSMeans Building Construction Cost Data, Edition 66. Kingston:R.S. Means Company, 2007.[17] Industrial Video and Control, "IVC ZO-3130-02," IV&C, ZO-3130-02 Specifications,2008. [pdf]. Available: http://www.ivcco.com/PDF/ZO-3130-02.pdf. [Accessed:November 21, 2009].[18] University of Maryland Police Department, "Security Operations Center,"Deparlment of Public Safety University Police, Blue Light Camera, Last modifiedDecember 10, 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.umdps.net/SOC/security_operations_center.cfm. [Accessed: November 24, 2009].[19] University of Maryland Electric Pub, "Spring Homecoming," Col/ege Park Online,Third Annual Maryland Day, April 2001. [Online]. Available: http://www.urhome.umd.edu/CPMAG/summer01/impressions.html. [Accessed: December 4,2009].(20] Lumux, "SL600SS," Lumux Lighting, Brick Lighting Specifications. [pdf]. Available:http://www.lumux.com/Products/info/specs_SL600SS.pdf. [Accessed: November 20,2009].
http://www.lumux.net/http://www.kimfighting.com/http://www.kimlighting.com/http://www.ivcco.com/PDF/ZO-3130-02.pdf.http://www.umdps.net/SOC/http://www.urhome.umd.edu/CPMAG/summer01/impressions.html.http://www.lumux.com/Products/info/specs_SL600SS.pdf.http://www.lumux.com/Products/info/specs_SL600SS.pdf.http://www.urhome.umd.edu/CPMAG/summer01/impressions.html.http://www.umdps.net/SOC/http://www.ivcco.com/PDF/ZO-3130-02.pdf.http://www.kimlighting.com/http://www.kimfighting.com/http://www.lumux.net/


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. .~"~=="""""= -'=_'~"""=:;"";"",'4i'i-i" ~.'i4\,'lI -~~~

8.2.0 Appendix B

mb:er . Tum on !he mixer and begin adding ll1eccocrere to the mixer. .If a sfllfnp cone is8vl1llable, adj'UiStwater rontentto produce as lump at 2 -3 in Ch es 1"51- 76 mmj. Do' not e1(~eeda !et ta] voi!J:IT'!e of 1-gafflon (J.3 l) of water perb a9 . If the m ae rha l becomes too difficult to m 1 : (,sparingly ad:.! ' l' lfater 1 ;!nf i! a v llUikI lbI " miJ(isomained. For a deromtlve touch, aooQUIKRETE~ UqL!lM:!Cel11!entColor d ir ec tJ v t o !hem~f,r.g water 101lowIng the directions 011; !heboil1h;;. QUIKRETE'" Liquid Cement CQl\or isavlliifOOle in five colers: red, brown, t r . a f f ,c ha ro oa l a nd t err a c ot ta .

Crack Resistant Concrete Mixmo. .10010..80

Uses: QlHKREE' Crock Resistarr t ClOr lcrereMb: has a unique formtdatioo., offer ing benemss ech a 'S ; $ignifictmtly re duced c rack ing from d ry ingsh r in kage

Superior WDrkabj jj ty Mr entra inme l1 t f O ! " Unpro~ freeze-mawdiul'al),. jmty GreaterlITlplad reSi is tanQ; ; For pounng concrete? (51 mm) thicll ormo re , Elirninates the nee;:)! for wire mesh in typicalslab-Ol1~gfade appl i . ca\ i tJ ro i l,wen as'Ci'rivewayt.,loors, pa \ \ oo , and smwalks

COfflIK,siti:oI1Bfld materia:!, 'S: QUIKRETE"Crack Re~is;tant Concrete Mix is a 4(JOOpsiC27.B MiPs) .coflsiruciion-grode concrete,roru;isii;ng of a uniform! 'jI . l; !e lIDed and properlyproportioned mi::duire of aggregatet, Portlandcem en t aIr -erl 'watninlli admi :c tun ; )S , ; : ;peda lsynti1etic reimorong fibers, and other concreteapproved ingredients ..Size: AvaiilaNein 80 lb. (36.3kg:J.oogsYield: Each 8{llb. ($.3 kg} bag of QlllKRETE~era .ek Resistant Concrete Mix will 'jI1.eldappro~jmare!y G .S ft' f17l} of mixed concrete,Teclmi.cal Data: QU1KRETC Crad', Re:ststantccncrete Mix exceeds m e compressive Sireoflglilrequirements oi ASTM C-387, "Sl!:amiardSpecif icat iom;frx Packag.ed, Diy. Combf lledMaterk!t!s for M o r t& ! F a l ld Concrete," ;,.,properlyhal1d!ed mnx will exceed 2500. p iS i:( 17 .3 M P a 1 in7 d ays aM WOO psi (17.0 MP I 1I}l n 2 8 o o y sMixing: OLfiKRETE" Crack Resistal1t OonereteMix can be nand -m i> :ed ; in 11 suitable mixingcontainer, Of machine mlxed in a b.anre,,~t;;'pecO!1!cretemixer or a mortar mixer. C~se m emixer size most appropriare for me size of mejob to be done. MOVi' at least 314 cu ft (21 Llo1mixer capac i i ymr each 8U ~b. (36.3 Kg) 00'9' tobe miKffl at ore time A od Jlpprm:lmmely 3quar ts . (2,6 L) 01 e tean w1'Iter fe r each b a9 ' ~ ~ theThe QV1KRETE.C~~ Inc.0118 $0Ctirm",$ Cent . ' ' ' '3400 Piedmont Road, SCii te 1300At I1l ! I' ft 3 ., GA sosos4(}4U, ' l4 ,9HX'!

Instl'llilatlon: SOCie\l\lalks;n;d. pa.lio$ should be atleast 4" thick. for stra.ight smes, coostruct meforms out Dr 2;. :4's. for curves use y. " p I ) " W O O < !and stakes, Dampen thes:ub..grode b~reconcrete if: placed, Do not leave standingpuddles. Mi,x tile concrete and silove1 lnm mefoffil.. After concrete has been ccmpacte-d 'andspread to cooliplelely fln the fc


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.'c~:~~""-'hY"~ n -"" =~_o_"_"~_~~~o-~ U-"i


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8 .4 .0 . Append ix 08.4.1.The average follow-up period for the five U.S. security schemes were much shorter (6.9 months) thanthe average follow-up for the 14 U.K. security schemes (17.7 months). Because of the short follow-uptime it is possible that the security schemes did not have enough time to have an effect on crime. Mostimportantly the U.S. schemes did not incorporate secondary intervention such as patrols or signage.The conclusion is that the studies done in the U.S. are flawed and there is no particular reason why theUK results should not be allowed to apply in the U.S. as well.110 ]8.4.2. Detailed CCTV SpecificationsZO-3130-02 SpecificationsImager 1/4MSony Super HAD ceoShutter 1 to 1/10,000 secondsExposure AutoMill. IlIum. 0.7 lux (Color); (LOl lux (B/IIV)White Balance AutoIris AutoFO'C'U5 ALIto and manualZoom ratio 26x OpbCilJ!;41:Digital~ l04x TotalView Angle 2..3 - 55"Focalleflgth 3.5 - 91.0 rnrnF-number 1AEthernet 100Bas-TX/1DBaseT (RJ-45)

II0 TerminalsResolutionCompressionFr'ame RateProtocolsWeiJghtVoltage Req.Power Cons.Oper. TempMountDimensions

1 Input, 1 Output704 x 480 and 352 x 240 pixelsM-JPE630 FP5 (352y;24D)W FPS (704)(480)TCP/IP, HTIP, FTP, SMTP161bs.IEEE802.3at PoE"SOW-29" to 500 CWa il M o un t S ta l',d ar d14" H x 11" D15"L x 5S'H x 4"W (Mounting Ann)

"'Compatible PO 'Ner Injector ir,ciuded

8.4.3. Formula for obtaining operating cost for CCTV cameraAnnual operating cost is based on a $0,10 per kilowatt hour (KwH) rate and 24 hour operation ofcamera.The formula is as follows:{[(watts drawn by CCTV camera) x (hours per year in operation)]l1000} x (cost per KwH) ::::(annual cost){[(55) x (8760)]/1000} x (0.10) = $48.18


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ASSIGNMENT: TECHNICAL REpORT OR TECHNICAL MANUAL

The purpose of this assignment is to research and write a report that solves a technicalproblem for a specific audience of your choosing. To do this you mayII Base your report primarily on sources you find in the library,It Conduct you own original experiments and report on your findings, orII Report on the findings of a professor you are working for, providing you getpermission to do so.

Whatever option you choose, please remember that this report cannot be simply asummary paper. This is , of course, of greater concern if you choose the first optionabove. If you base your report on original research, please understand that you will stillneed to do some library research of the literature available, most probably to providebackground material.If you elect to base your report on library sources, one way to avoid summary is to do acomparison report, where you compare the effectiveness of one method or of one product(based on some pre-set standards of judgment or criteria) and then makerecommendations. To accomplish this, you can explore a situation that actually exists:1. A Comparison of Four Lossy Compression Formats for Archiving a

Library Music Collection2. The Most Effective Method for Estimating Critical Temperature andpressures of Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alcohols3. A Comparison of Four Spark Plugs and their Effects on Power, Efficiency,and Emissions of an Engine4. A Comparison of Two Types of Bariatric Surgery: Roux-en-Y GastricBypass and Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

In 1,2, and. 3, above, the comparisons required some original experimentation in additionto information gathered from the library. In 4, all information for the comparison camefrom published sources.If you elect to base your report on an original experiment, you must set up the experimentaccording to scientific method, run the experiment, and then report on your results. Thistype of report mayor may not require standards of judgment.I. One group tested latex gloves under a variety of conditions and, in this case,according to several criteria to see which glove is most suitable in their Call1PUS'

chemistry labs.2. One group searched out the current recycling options in a nearby apartmentcomplex and.reported what could be done to improve the rate and ease ofrecycling according to the residents.3. One group researched current methods of treating osteoarthritis, interviewedseveral doctors, and reported on the most effective treatments for five individualsof differing ages, socio-economic levels, and pain levels.


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Important Note: If you choose to do surveys, you must contact your instructor beforebeginning. Surveys can be done only under the supervision of an instructor. In manycases, you must adhere to strict guidelines and IRB procedures.

Students who elect to work with a professor in running experiments or doing field workand who want to base your technical report on results gained in this way, such as HomeRange and Overlap of Black Bears on the La Sa! Mountains or Conservation of theEuastacus Crayfish of Australia: A Study of Phylogenetic Diversity, must get permissionfrom the professor first.Another option, besides writing a technical report, is to write a technical manual. Themanual is similar to writing an extended set of technical instructions; therefore, many ofthe traits listed on the technical instructions assignment sheet apply. See that assignmentsheet for more information to help you write a usable manual.In the past, students have written manuals for their workplaces. Some examples include,1. Regional Integrated Transportation Information System (RITIS) Website

Technical Manual.2. Best Friend) s Veterinary Hospital: A Guide to Veterinary Care for New PuppyOwners.3. A Guide to the F-l Visa for Advisors of International Students at UNV A.

The key to writing this technical report/manual is appropriately limiting the scope andchoo ~ :.,~ ~ ..~~1 a-d ~DQC;~l~ primary audi~~~~within vour '""~~., (Esnecia 11" ~~f6 ;k",,fh~, .., 1 U:: ,.u lb Cl r t:-L-tl 11 ;:'} c 11_ L- J HHa1 auu .....11.1..,..


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Grading Sheet for the Technical ReportNames

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Purpose, C o n t e n t , Organization, S c _ Q p L e - ' - ' _ a _ n _ d _ D _ o _ c _ u _ m _ e L n _ t _ a _ t _ i o _ n ~~------_le Purpose of the report clearly stated Material organized so that content flows in a logical and accessible order(I) Concrete details (data) in body of report to support major points and

purpose* Standards of judgment (if needed) justified objectively and applieduniformlyIt Conclusions/recommendations concise, based on the data presented andfulfill stated purpose Problem-solving report Subject appropriately limited for this assignment

i s A variety of pertinent source materials examined carefullyiI Ii Sources properly cited and integrated into text; lead directly to source InI bibliographyi '" Sources correctly documented in bibliographyI Graphics! $ Direct relationship between the text and all graphicsi It Enhance reader understandinge Positioned as close as possible to the text that relates to them; referred to intext.@ < Technically accurate!. Look professional and attractiveii. Label, title, legend (and source, if needed) appear on ALL graphics! Audience~----------------------------------------~----------------~~------------~I, . Appropriate vocabulary and explanations of technical concepts forI audiencei. Report delivers on promise to inform Clear, concise, mature, coherent styleIII Information interesting/convincing to audience; no discrepancies in, information i~ ~'Format

C D Layout attractive and professi ona-l-t-h-ro-l_-lg-5i-10-u-t-r-e-p-o-lt-a-n-d-l-'-t-h-e-;--p-re-s-c-ri-b-e-d-+------------ Iform; layers of information created with white space and other conventions !

C D All information put in accessible format; major categories/sub-sections ireadil y seen I"

I C D Allappro~.~ia~t~e_b_in_d~i~n~g~ _+------ ~!! Prefatory/Supplementary Elements and Mechanics '

C D Cover shows title and other required information; title page present also - . . . . _ j I l l$ Letter of transmittal present, well written Table of Contents, List of Figures/Tables properly set up Ie Abstract informative rather than descriptive IiII Appendices are appropriate for audience and well formatted (if present) ,II Report free of mechanical errors (grammar, punctuation spelling, etc_',L) -- t ----\iFinal Grade

Documents

Methods for securing the digits of the McKeldin Hall sundial