Mesoamerican Civilizations

Ming Dynasty in China

Ottoman Empire

Explorations & Imperialism

Absolutism and Puritans Rev

Geographic features ◦ Rainforests

◦ Mountains

◦ Woods

◦ Fertile plains

economy Farming & trade

religion

Polytheism

Priests very imp

social

structure

Chief

Nobles

Military

Farmers

contributions Calendar

Pyramid

temples

Number system

Economy-farming, used “floating gardens”

(chinampas) to increase farmland

Religion-polytheistic, Sun God most imp., built

pyramid temples, human sacrifices

Social Structure-Nobles & Priests

Warriors & Traders

Farmers & Slaves

Calendar

Schools

Medicine (set bones, dental procedures)

Built Tenochititlan-capital city

Economy-farming-used terraces to increase farmland

Religion-polytheistic, Sun God most imp. gods related

to nature

Social Structure-Emperor also Son of Sun God

Nobles and local chiefs

System of Roads

Temples

Terraces increased farming land

Quipus- communication system of strings and knots

Medicine-surgery, use of herbs

How did the Mayan, Aztec and Inca use technology to increase farmland?

What did these civilizations have in common?

What were some of the contributions of these civilizations?

Ming Dynasty overthrew the Mongols

Returned to the “Middle Kingdom” ideal & isolation

Returned to Civil Service

Economy-

◦ new farming advancements (fertilizer, new crops)

◦ Increased manufacturing of porcelain, paper

◦ Updated canal system for trade w/in China

Cultural-landscape paining, porcelain vases

Trade limited under the Ming-wanted to protect itself from outsiders

China did share with Korea, Japan and SE Asia

Shared with Korea: ◦ Buddhism, writing, porcelain, Confucius ideas

Shared with Japan: ◦ Art, Buddhism

SE Asia/Vietnam: ◦ Civil service, govt bureaucracy

How did the Ming Dynasty return China to traditional Chinese culture?

Why did the Mings shut off China from the rest of the world?

How did cultural diffusion continue?

Rise of Ottomans: ◦ Conquered the Byzantines and Constantinople

◦ Strong military and weapons (cannons, muskets)

◦ Took over trade routes

Sueliman the Magnificent

Improved the govt & justice system

Followed Muslim law-Sharia

Tolerant of other religions

Built mosques

Built miniatures and painted

Manuscripts

Internal problems

Corruption

Poor leadership

European competition and technology

Sound familiar?....Rome, Byzantine, Mongols

How did the Ottomans build an empire?

What were the contributions of the Ottoman Golden Age?

Why did the Ottoman Empire fall?

Exploration=looking for new lands and trade routes

Imperialism=taking over other countries for resources

Needed to find we trade routes b/c Ottomans had taken over the Med. Sea routes

Wanted Eastern spices

Wanted to reduce the costs of goods

Central and South America

Used horses, weapons and armor

Overwhelmed the Native Americans

Disease weakened and killed millions

Cortes explored Mexico and destroyed the Aztecs

Pizzaro explored Peru and destroyed the Inca

British explores explored India and colonized it

Columbus tried to get to India and bumped into the Americas in 1492.

Columbian exchange began

Cartographers-created maps

Domination of one country by another

Colonies-country taken over by another

England colonized India for spices & trade

Portugal colonized African coast for trade routes

Dutch colonized S Africa for land and ports

N America to Europe- sugar, cotton, tobacco

Europe to Africa- textiles, rum, products

Africa to N America- slaves

Also called Middle Passage for slaves

Wars in Africa betw. tribes & regions

11 million Africans sent to Americas

Instability in African govt’s

How did exploration impact the Americas?

Why did the Triangle Trade begin at the time of exploration?

What products/goods were traded in the Triangle Trade? What people were involved?

Viceroys- representative of Spanish king

Religion- Catholic Church

Encomienda system- economic system ◦ Colonies could only trade with Spain

◦ Native Americans & Africans used as slaves on sugar plantations

Cultural diffusion of Spanish, Native & African cultures

Global exchange of people, plants, animals & technology.

Part of the trade routes

New crops introduced to Europe, Africa & Asia (corn, beans, squash,)

New crops & animals introduced to Americas ( rice, wheat, cattle, chickens, horses)

Spread of disease to Americas (smallpox, measles)

Develop mercantilism-colonies supported the mother /imperialist country with resources and people to buy their products

Positive effects ◦ Increased cultural diffusion

◦ Improved living in Europe

◦ Rise of the middle class (merchants) in Europe

Negative effects ◦ Slave trade

◦ Disease

How was the encomienda system important in continuing Spanish power in the colonies?

How did Spain control its colonies?

How did the Columbian Exchange expand trade routes?

What were some impacts of European imperialism?

How was mercantilism a new economic system?

Absolutism- complete power over the gov’t

Divine Right- king’s authority comes from God (sound familiar? In China it was called??)

Louis VIX the Sun King

Built the Palace of Versailles

Had strongest army in Europe

Expanded the govt

More debt

Peasants revolted

Laid groundwork for French Rev

Formerly Byzantine Empire

Peter the Great

Centralized power

Used force & terror to rule (remember Machiavelli?)

Had a large army

Modernized Russia

Built St. Petersberg

Began to trade with the West (Europe)

Tudor family ruled (Henry VIII & Elizabeth I)

Ruled by divine right

Stuart Family James I & Charles I

High taxes under Stuarts

Threw enemies in jail w/o trials (violated the Magna Carta) under the Stuarts

English Civil War

Charles I vs. Parliament

Oliver Cromwell led the army against Charles

Charles executed by own subjects

Signaled end of absolutism in England

1688

Non violent

William & Mary became King & Queen

Were Protestants

Accepted the English Bill of Rights ◦ Limited monarchy- Parliament limited power of

king