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Semantic vs. Episodic Memory
Episodic Memory:Memories for specific events that
you yourself were involved inCan be placed in a certain time or
location
Semantic Memory:General knowledge base
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Reconstructive Nature of Memory
Flashbulb Memories
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Memory for General KnowledgeSemantic Memory
Definitions of words Verb tenses Arithmetic facts Historical facts Scientific facts Geography facts
Evidence for Semantic vs. Episodic Memory
Type of information
Temporal aspect
Severity of context effects
Amnesia patients
Double Dissociations
Two broken TVs Function 1: Sound Function 2: Picture
TV “A” OK Not working
TV “B” Not working OK
Memory Function 1: Semantic Function 2: Episodic
Gene OK Not working
Italian woman Not working OK
The Semantic Memory Models
Hierarchical Semantic Network Model
Cognitive economyMammal
Breathes air
Dog
Bernese MountainDog
Live young
Black, white, rust fur
Four paws
Exuberant
Tail
The Semantic Memory Models
Depiction of spreading activation. Once the node for “bread” is excited, the activation travels to related nodes.
Expansion of Hierarchical Model
The Semantic Memory Models
Hierarchical Semantic Network ModelProblems with model
Hierarchy?
Mammal
Animal
Pig
“A pig is a mammal.”
“A pig is an animal.”
The Semantic Memory Models
Hierarchical Semantic Network ModelProblems with model
Typicality effect
Bird
Robin Turkey
“A turkey is a bird.”
“A robin is a bird.”
The Semantic Memory Models
Connectionists Model
Individual Neurons
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