621 SW Morrison Street, Suite 600 Portland, Oregon 97205

PH 503.222.9518 FAX 971.271.5884

www.geosyntec.com

PNG0721

M e mo r a n d u m

Date: 8 June 2016

To: MaryAnn Amann - U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS) Carlton Morris – FWS

Copies to:

From: Joey Hickey – Geosyntec Consultants Sean Ragain – Geosyntec Consultants Kelly Stater – Star Resources Corp.

Subject: Evaluation of Erosion Control Alternatives Sweetwater Marsh Time Critical Removal Action

This memorandum and attached tables have been prepared to present the results of our evaluation of potential erosion control alternatives being considered as part of Time Critical Removal Action (TCRA) at the Sweetwater Marsh Unit of the San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in Chula Vista, California (Site). This memorandum was completed in partial fulfillment of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) statement of work associated with Contract Award F16PX00980, which included development of preliminary cost estimates for potential erosion control measures and creation of a technical paper that discusses the potential erosion control alternatives. Upon the Service’s selection of the preferred erosion control measure, a design document for the implementation of the erosion control measures will be prepared for the Local Enforcement Agency’s (LEA) review and approval.

The San Diego County Department of Health, acting as the LEA, conducted a site inspection on 22 September 2015. During the inspection, the LEA observed that a soil cap installed along the western portion of the Connector Marsh was eroding resulting in the release of underlying burn ash to the adjacent marsh. The inspection also noted that since the last inspection (2014), new areas of erosion were observed. Site visits conducted by representatives from the FWS, the LEA, Star

OU 1 004912

Evaluation of Erosion Control Alternatives 8 June 2016 Page 2

Resources Corp. (Star) and Geosyntec confirmed that approximately 325 linear feet (LF) of shoreline requires reinforcement. The LEA has required that FWS implement a corrective action for the portions of the Site in Connector Marsh that were observed to be actively eroding. Preliminary Design Assumptions

The following general assumptions were used as part of this evaluation:

• Approximately 325 LF of shoreline is affected. The slope length (from top to toe) is 16 feet at its maximum. For planning purposes, we have assumed then that approximately 5,500 square feet (611 square yards) will need to be stabilized.

• A 2- to 3-year life expectancy was used in this assessment. This is based on FWS plans to complete a more robust Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) removal action at this location and others within Sweetwater Marsh sometime in the next several years.

• Average slope steepness at the site ranges from 2:1 to greater than 1:1. As such, all alternatives retained for evaluation are considered acceptable for slopes of this steepness.

• Access to the site is complicated by the presence of an adjacent inactive rail line, water, steep slopes and dense vegetation.

Alternatives Evaluation Table 1 (attached) summarizes the results of the evaluation of five erosion control alternatives, excavation/removal, the use of articulated concrete mats, and three variations of Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs). These alternatives were selected in discussions with the FWS team and were evaluated with respect to effectiveness, implementability, permanence, and cost. Other options that were originally considered included jute netting, rip rap and sheet piling. The use of jute netting as a stand-alone option was not considered due to the steep slopes and the limited life expectancy (less than 6 months). The use of rip-rap and sheet piling were eliminated due to the additional hindrances these options would place on the pending CERCLA removal action. Both of rip-rap and sheet piling would be difficult to remove and significantly increase costs associated the future CERCLA removal action.

In summary:

Alternative 1: Regrading of slopes via Excavation and Removal

Due to the location of the site, limited access and existing environmental contamination in other portions of the Marsh, this option would be both challenging and expensive. In addition, while regrading the current slope without capping or armament might not prevent the continued erosion of burn ash to the marsh.

OU 1 004913

Evaluation of Erosion Control Alternatives 8 June 2016 Page 3

Alternative 2: Articulated Concrete Mats

The placement of articulated concrete mats was discussed at the onset of the project and would provide a relatively permanent and effective solution. However, the installation of the mats requires the use of heavy equipment and presents the longest installation time. In addition, the costs associated with the use of concrete mats is greater than any of the other options.

Alternatives 3-5: Rolled Erosion Control Products

RECPs have recently evolved to include a wide variety of temporary degradable open weave textiles and erosion control blankets, as well as permanent turf reinforcement mats. Both temporary and permanent RECP options are available. Three RECP options were evaluated and, in general, all products are readily available and easy to install. Installation involves the placement of the mats along the affected slopes and anchoring the mats using 12-inch soil staples. In addition, the edges of the mats are keyed in using shallow box trenches. The cost and installation times for each option are substantially similar. Overall, the use of one of the commercially manufactured RECPs appears to be the most viable option for the Site.

Additional information on the RECPs can be found at the website of Erosion Control Technology Council: http://www.ectc.org/, as well as the California Department of Transportation website: http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/LandArch/16_la_design/guidance/ec_toolbox/index.htm

Vendor specific literature three of the RECP products evaluated are provided in Attachment A and additional information is also available at the following websites:

• Alternative 3- Maccaferri MacMat® R – Polymer: http://www.maccaferri.com/us/products/geomats-macmat/macmat-r-polymer/

• Alternative 4 – North American Green® Bionet: http://nilex.com/sites/default/files/Erosion%20Control%20Blankets%20US.pdf

• Alternative 5 - North American Green® Tensar: http://nilex.com/sites/default/files/Erosion%20Control%20Blankets%20US.pdf

* * * * *

OU 1 004914

TABLE 1SWEETWATER MARSH CONNECTOR CHANNEL ERODED BANK

COMPARISION OF ALTERNATIVES

Alternative Summary Effectiveness Implementability Permanence Cost*

Alternative 1 - Soil Regrading

Involves the excavation of material along slopes with prevalent erosion to create less

steep slopes. Work would involve the removal of soils/sediments and regrading of remaining

soils.

Effectiveness depends on depth and prevalence of contaminated media (currently not known). Final grade

could result in significant exposure of contaminated material

Can be implemented with standard excavation equipment, however access to the Site is

limited due to the presence of a rail line and limited entry and exit.

May be a short term fix. It is possible that the excavated areas

would be subject to future erosion. Without the introduction of vegetation, the likelihood of continued erosion is high.

$239,700

Alternative 2 - Articulated Concrete Mats

Involves the placement of articulating concrete mats along the slopes of concern. Mats come in various sizes and styles, but in general the mats are very heavy (145 pounds per cubic foot) and

eliminate erosion concerns by removing the exposure of sediments to surface runoff or tidal

fluctuations.

Very effective

Difficult to implement. Mats are large in size and would require the use of heavy equipment, including a crane. Alternative 2 would be the

most difficult to implement.

Permanent in nature and armament could be removed and possibly

reused at other sites. $268,100

Alternative 3 - RECP - MacMat

Involves the placement of a turf reinforcement mat (TRM) that consists of a geocomposite

layer of steel wire mesh with a polypropylene three dimension matrix geomat.. The specific

product evaluated was MACMAT® R1 8127GN, manufactured by Maccaferri.

http://www.maccaferri.com/us/products/geomats-macmat/macmat-r-polymer/

Effective, but does rely on vegetation to assist with long term erosion control.

Implementation can be completed with modest resources. Material comes in rolls that can be transported to the site in a standard truck and the mats are primarily anchored using 6 or 12-inch soil staples. The top and bottom edges of the mats should be keyed in with a box trench, which will require the use of a mini excavator.

Depending on vegetation growth through the mat, it is anticipated

that the life cycle of the MacMat is 5 years or more.

$116,400

Alternative 4 - RECP - Bionet

Involves the placement of a woven biodegradable net with natural fibers woven

into the material. Mat provides erosion control through design and promotes revegetation. The product evaluated was North American Green

(Tensar) Bionet C700BN. http://nilex.com/sites/default/files/Erosion%20

Control%20Blankets%20US.pdf

Effective, but does rely on vegetation to assist with long term erosion control.

Implementation can be completed with modest resources. Material comes in rolls that can be transported to the site in a standard truck and the mats are primarily anchored using 6 or 12-inch soil staples. The top and bottom edges of the mats should be keyed in with a box trench, which will require the use of a mini excavator.

Depending on vegetation growth through the mat, it is anticipated

that the life cycle of the Bionet is 2 to 3 years

$112,900

Alternative 5 - RECP - Erosion Matting

Involves the placement of a woven mat with a polypropylene top and bottom net with a coconut fiber matrix center. The product

evaluated was North American Green (Tensar) VMAX C350.

http://nilex.com/sites/default/files/Erosion%20Control%20Blankets%20US.pdf

Effective, but does rely on polypropylene mesh that could create

an entrapment issue for wildlife.

Implementation can be done with limited resources. Material comes in rolls that can be transported to the site in a standard truck and the mats are primarily anchored using 6 or 12-inch soil staples. The top and bottom edges of the mats should be keyed in with a box trench, which will require the use of a mini excavator.

Estimated at 5+ years $111,500

Notes:

RECP - Rolled Erosion Control Products

The use of sheet piles and rip-rap are both accepted erosion control measures. However, due to the associated costs with these options, potential implementability issues and their hindrance to the pending EE/CA, these alternatives were not retained for evaluation.

OU 1 004915

Tensar International Corporation warrants that at the time of delivery the product furnished hereunder shall conform to the specification stated herein. Any other warranty including merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are hereby executed. If the product does not meet specifications on this page and Tensar is notified prior to installation, Tensar will replace the product at no cost to the customer. This product specification supersedes all prior specifications for the product described above and is not applicable to any products shipped prior to January 1, 2012.

©2013, Tensar International Corporation

Tensar International Corporation2500 Northwinds ParkwaySuite 500Alpharetta, GA 30009800-TENSAR-1tensarcorp.com

EC_RMX_MPDS_C700BN_6.13

DESCRIPTIONThe long-term double-net Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) shall be a 100% biodegradable, machine-produced mat fabricated in the U.S.A. of coconut (coir) fiber with a functional longevity of greater than 36 months and permissible shear stress exceeding 2.25 psf. (NOTE: Functional longevity may vary depending upon climatic conditions, soil, geographical location, and elevation.) The blanket shall be of consistent thickness with the coconut fiber evenly distributed over the entire area of the mat. The blanket shall be covered on the top side with a 60 x 50 woven coir fiber netting with mesh openings not to exceed .75 in. x .75 in. (1.90 x 1.90 cm). The blanket shall be covered on the bottom side with 100% biodegradable woven natural fiber jute netting. The jute netting shall form an approximate 0.50 in. x 1.0 in. (1.27 x 2.54 cm) mesh. The blanket shall be sewn together on 1.50 in. (3.81 cm) centers with degradable thread.

The C700BN shall meet Type 4 specification requirements established by the Erosion Control Technology Council (ECTC) and Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) FP-03 Section 713.17.

Material ContentMatrix 100% Coconut Fiber 0.5 lb/sy

(270 g/sm)

Netting100% biodegradable 60 x 50 coir netting 143 lb/1000 sf

(700 g/sm)

100% biodegradable jute netting 7.7 lb/1000 sf (37.6 g/sm)

Thread Biodegradable

Standard Roll SizesWidth 8.0 ft (2.4 m)

Length 45 ft (13.7 m)

Weight ± 10% 74.4 lbs (33.75 kg)

Thread 40 sy (33.45 sm)

Index Property Test Method TypicalThickness ASTM D6525 0.56 in.

(14.2 mm)

Water Absorbency ASTM D1117 186.8%

Mass/Unit Area ASTM 6475 26.61 oz/sy (903 g/sm)

Swell ECTC Guidelines 35%Lignin Content TAPPI TM222 32.8%Light Penetration ASTM D6567 14.9%

Tensile Strength – MD ASTM D6818 1271 lbs/ft (18.84 kN/m)

Elongation – MD ASTM D6818 38.7%

Tensile Strength – TD ASTM D6818 834 lbs/ft (12.34 kN/m)

Elongation – TD ASTM D6818 41.4%

Maximum Permissible Shear StressUnvegetated Shear Stress 2.35 psf (112 Pa)Unvegetated Velocity 10 fps (3.05 m/s)

Slope Design Data: C FactorsSlope Gradients (S)

Slope Length (L) ≤ 3:1 3:1-2.1 ≥ 2:1≤ 6 m (20 ft) 0.0001 0.018 0.05020-50 ft 0.003 0.040 0.060≥ 15.2 m (50 ft) 0.007 0.070 0.070

Roughness Coefficients – UnvegetatedFlow Depth Manning’s n≤ 0.15 m (0.50 ft) 0.0220.50-2.0 ft 0.022-0.014≥ 0.60 m (2.0 ft) 0.014

Specification Sheet – BioNet® C700BN™ Erosion Control Blanket

OU 1 004916

Permanent Soil Erosion Control MatsMacMat®

OU 1 004917

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

MacMat® Performance CharacteristicsTable 1

Erosion Protection for Vulnerable Surfaces

Erosion of soil from embankments and channels is a serious problem. It becomes critical when the erosion results in expensive structural damage to infrastructure

or when it leads to the pollution of watercourses. Relying upon vegetation growth alone is very unpredictable and unreliable as it is extremely difficult to achieve 100% vegetation coverage, leaving exposed areas vulnerable to erosion. Furthermore, vegetation can die back or become diseased, reducing the erosion control capability.

Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRMs)

Maccaferri’s MacMat® N and MacMat® R are TRMs: three dimensional permanent erosion control mats composed of UV stabilized, non-degradable synthetic fibers. MacMat® R has an additional structural skeleton of Maccaferri double twisted steel wire mesh within the polymer matrix (see Fig. 1).

MacMat® immediately increases the soil’s resistance to erosion by providing an environment that enhances the growth of vegetation through the mat (see Fig. 2).

Supplied in rolled form, MacMat® is anchored to the surface to be protected using staples or pins. Topsoil is brushed into the voids within the matrix. Seed can be applied to the surface before or after MacMat® is installed as vegetation will develop unhindered by the matrix.

MacMat® solutions protect the soil surface by:Providing immediate protection of exposed areas from ❍direct effects of wind and rainfall impactProtecting seeded topsoil from washing out before ❍vegetation has establishedCreating an environment that enhances the growth of ❍vegetation through the matReinforcing the root system of plants, further binding the ❍soil surface and increasing shear resistance of the surfaceReducing the velocity and volume of run-off flow by ❍increasing water percolation into the soil

MacMat® N and MacMat® R have a high roughness, yet are also 95% voids. Unlike other TRMs in the market, this 95% void volume is easily accessible to soil and seeds due to the random open configuration of the polymer fibers within the matrix.

Therefore, the polymer matrix provides superior retention of hydroseeding, allowing seed to easily percolate through the mat and into contact with the nutritious topsoil beneath. This is essential to give seeds the best possible opportunity to germinate.

MacMat® N & MacMat® R Protection Applications

Highway embankments ❍Channel linings ❍Slopes and embankments ❍Railway cuttings ❍

The tensile strength of MacMat® R with its integral steel wire mesh facilitates its use in other structural applications:

Used in conjunction with soil-nailing / ground anchors to ❍reinforce structurally unstable slopesReplaces the lid of Reno mattresses and gabions to rapidly ❍establish vegetation within the mattress by trapping and containing silts and seeds in the flow.

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Table 2

MacMat® Physical Characteristics

Style Mesh TypeWire Diameter

in (mm)Thickness in (mm)

Length ft (m)

Width ft (m)

MacMat® R6 6 x 8 0.087 (2.2) 0.40 (10) 82 (25) 6.5 (2)

MacMat® R8 8 x 10 0.106 (2.7) 0.80 (20) 82 (25) 6.5 (2)

MacMat® N10 N/A N/A 0.40 (10)500/90

(152.5/27.5)3.25/6.33 (1/1.9)

MacMat® N20 N/A N/A 0.70 (17)277/90

(84.5/27.5)3.25/6.33 (1/1.9)

MacMat® R6 and MacMat® R8 are available in Galfan® coated or Galfan® and PVC coated wire.Note: All sizes and dimensions are nominal.

Please see the separate MacMat® technical data sheets available from Maccaferri or www.maccaferri-usa.com.

MacMat® Research and Development

Maccaferri is committed to the improvement of its solutions through research and development.

The Utah State Water Research Laboratory was commissioned to identify the shear stress limits of MacMat® under various hydraulic conditions within highly erodible channels.

Both vegetated and unvegetated MacMat® solutions were tested in a 4 foot (1.2 m) wide flume at various water velocities, ranging from 2 to 20 ft/s (0.6 m/s to 6 m/s), for periods of up to 60 hours.

The following conclusions were drawn from the testing regime:

The presence of the reinforcing steel wire mesh (in ❍MacMat® R) improves the performance of the mat, especially after vegetation has established.The selection of the appropriate ❍erosion control solution must be based upon its stability during the critical period of vegetation establishment—i.e. always base the design upon unvegetated performance parameters, so that soil erosion is minimized. By keeping the soil in place throughout the growing period, the solution maximizes the potential for vegetation to establish successfully.Vegetation established through ❍the erosion control material will contribute to the formation of a thicker, stronger and more durable layer of reinforced soil surface.

MacMat® Design Criteria

Various factors affect the erosive action of water (rainfall runoff or flow) and have to be considered when evaluating erosion control solutions:

Flow velocity ❍Flow depth ❍Bank slope angle ❍Water course geometry ❍Flood / storm duration ❍Adherence of the protection to the slope ❍Effectiveness of the protection at the toe of the slope ❍

Design parameters for MacMat® TRMs were generated by applying Factors of Safety to the results of the Utah State research, to allow for variables in the design process.

Table 1 shows the allowable design shear stresses for MacMat® solutions resulting from the research.

Typical proposal for re-vegetation of river bankssubject to erosion

Fig. 3

stake

MacMat® R

max W.L.

min W.L.

willow

Reno Mattress orGabion Mat filled with

stones and soil

mulch

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Installation Guidelines

MacMat® is manufactured with one rough and one smooth surface. The material should be unrolled onto the slope with the smooth side in contact with the soil. Site preparation

Grade and compact the slope to a smooth even surface. ❍Leave the last 1-2 inch (25-50 mm) layer of soil loose to ❍minimize soil pockets and improve seed germination.When used as an erosion control mat, the seed and ❍fertilizer can be applied either before or after the MacMat® is installed.When used as turf reinforcement, place the top soil ❍and seed (or hydroseed) after the MacMat® has been installed.

Anchoring Use 6-12 inch (150-300 mm) U-shaped, 8 gauge, metal ❍staples to anchor the mat to the slope.Fasten anchors through the TRM and drive flush with the ❍soil surface to provide the maximum pullout strength and slope stability.

Tie-down trenchingA simple fold into the slope is normally sufficient to anchor ❍MacMat® R. For highly erodible soils, excavate a trench approximately 12 inches (300 mm) deep by 12 inches (300 mm) wide and anchor the mat along the bottom of the trench.Backfill and compact to an even surface. ❍

Channel liningsFor channel linings, lay the MacMat ❍ ® parallel to the direction of the flow (see Fig. 4).Adjacent panels of MacMat ❍ ® should be overlapped like shingles.

Anchor spacing and overlapping The user shall establish the anchor specifications and spacing recommendations depending upon the existing soil and site conditions. Typical details (see Fig. 4) are:

Space anchors at 3 foot (1 m) intervals along the top edge ❍of the embankment slope and along the bottom of the tie-down trench 2-3 feet (600-900 mm) back from the top edge of the slope.

For slope angles of 1:1 (or flatter) and channel linings, ❍install anchors at 3 foot (1 m) intervals perpendicular to the angle of the slope and 4 foot (1.2 m) intervals (staggered) parallel to the angle of slope. For steeper slopes, comply with the engineer’s recommendations.MacMat ❍ ® N edges shall be anchored together with a minimum of 3-4 inches (75-100 mm) overlap.MacMat ❍ ® R does not need to be overlapped. The integral steel wire mesh enables adjacent panels to be connected directly to one another using staples or "hog rings", depending upon your application.

After installation and before vegetation Adjacent MacMat® R panels connected using "hog rings" After vegetation

Fig. 7Fig. 5 Fig. 6

Headquarters:10303 Governor Lane BoulevardWilliamsport, MD 21795-3116tel: 301-223-6910fax: 301-223-6134email: hdqtrs@maccaferri-usa.com

MACCAfERRI INC. Area Offices:

AZ, Phoenix KY, Lexington NM, AlbuquerqueCA, Sacramento MD, Williamsport PR, CaguasFL, Coral Gables NJ, Ramsey TX, Lewisville

website: www.maccaferri-usa.com © 2008 Maccaferri Inc. Printed in USA

Fig. 4

MacMat® R doesn't require overlap

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North American Green

14649 Highway 41 North Evansville, IN 47725 800-772-2040 FAX: 812-867-0247

www.nagreen.com

C350 Turf Reinforcement Mat

The composite turf reinforcement mat (C-TRM) shall be a machine-produced mat of 100% coconut fiber matrix incorporated into a permanent three-dimensional turf reinforcement matting. The matrix shall be evenly distributed across the entire width of the matting and stitch bonded between a super heavy duty UV stabilized nettings with 0.50 x 0.50 inch (1.27 x 1.27 cm) openings, an ultra heavy UV stabilized, dramatically corrugated (crimped) intermediate netting with 0.5 x 0.5 inch (1.27 x 1.27 cm) openings, and covered by an super heavy duty UV stabilized nettings with 0.50 x 0.50 inch (1.27 x 1.27 cm) openings. The middle corrugated netting shall form prominent closely spaced ridges across the entire width of the mat. The three nettings shall be stitched together on 1.50 inch (3.81cm) centers with UV stabilized polypropylene thread to form a permanent three-dimensional turf reinforcement matting.

The C350 shall meet requirements established by the Erosion Control Technology Council (ECTC) Specification and the US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects, FP-03 Section 713.18 as a Type 5A, B, and C Permanent Turf Reinforcement Mat.

Installation staple patterns shall be clearly marked on the turf reinforcement matting with environmentally safe paint. All mats shall be manufactured with a colored thread stitched along both outer edges (approximately 2-5 inches [5-12.5 cm] from the edge) as an overlap guide for adjacent mats.

Material Content Matrix 100% Coconut fibers 0.50 lbs/yd2 (0.27 kg/m2)

Top and Bottom, UV stabilized Polypropylene 8 lb/1000 ft2 (3.91 kg/100 m2) Nettings Middle, corrugated UV stabilized Polypropylene 24 lb/1000 ft2 (11.7 kg/100 m2)

Thread Polypropylene, UV stabilized

C350 is available in the following roll sizes:

Width 6.5 ft (2.0 m) Length 55.5 ft (16.9 m) Weight ± 10% 37 lbs (16.8 kg) Area 40.0 yd2 (33.4 m2)

Index Value Properties: Performance Design Values: Property Test Method Typical Net Only Thickness ASTM D6525 0.67 in (17.0 mm) 0.51 in Resiliency ASTM 6524 90% --- Density ASTM D792 0.53 oz/in3 --- Mass/Unit Area ASTM 6566 12.57 oz/yd2 (426 g/m2) --- Porosity ECTC Guidelines 99% --- Stiffness ASTM D1388 3.83 oz-in --- Light Penetration ECTC Guidelines 9.0% --- UV Stability ASTM D4355/ 1000

hr 86% 86%

Tensile Strength MD ASTM D6818 625 lbs/ft (9.12 kN/m) 698 lbs/ft Elongation MD ASTM D6818 22% 30% Tensile Strength TD ASTM D6818 768 lbs/ft (11.21 kN/m) 710 lbs/ft Elongation TD ASTM D6818 15% 20%

Bench Scale Testing* (NTPEP): Test Method Parameters Results

50 mm (2 in)/hr for 30 min SLR** = 18.32 100mm (4 in)/hr for 30 min SLR** = 19.65

ECTC Method 2 Rainfall

150 mm (6 in)/hr for 30 min SLR** = 20.48 ECTC Method 3 Shear Resistance

Shear at 0.50 inch soil loss 7.5 lbs/ft2

ECTC Method 4 Germination

Top Soil, Fescue, 21 day incubation

243% improvement of biomass

* Bench Scale tests should not be used for design purposes ** Soil Loss Ratio = Soil loss with Bare Soil/Soil Loss with RECP (soil loss is based on regression analysis)

Maximum Permissible Shear Stress Short Duration Long Duration Phase 1 Unvegetated

3.2 lbs/ft2

(153 Pa) 3.0 lbs/ft2 (144 Pa)

Phase 2 Partially Veg.

10.0 lbs/ft2 (480 Pa)

10.0 lbs/ft2 (480 Pa)

Phase 3 Fully Veg.

12.0 lbs/ft2 (576 Pa)

10.0 lbs/ft2 (480 Pa)

Velocity Unveg 10.5 ft/s (3.2 m/s) Velocity Veg. 20 ft/s (6.0 m/s)

Slope Design Data: C Factors Slope Gradients (S) Slope Length (L) ≤ 3:1 3:1 – 2:1 ≥ 2:1 ≤ 20 ft (6 m) 0.0005 0.015 0.043 20-50 ft 0.018 0.031 0.050 ≥ 50 ft (15.2 m) 0.035 0.047 0.057

Roughness Coefficients- Unveg. Flow Depth Manning’s n ≤ 0.50 ft (0.15 m) 0.041 0.50 – 2.0 ft 0.040 – 0.013 ≥ 2.0 ft (0.60 m) 0.012

Material and Performance Specification Sheet

Product Participant of: Updated 3/09

OU 1 004921

INSTALLATION GUIDE

ROLLMAX™

rolled erosion control

OU 1 004922

2

tensar international corporation (tensar) is the world’s leading provider of performance-guaranteed erosion control solutions. For more than 25 years, our north American Green® line of erosion and sediment control products has kept our customers on solid ground. the rollMax™ systems’ family of rolled erosion control Products (recPs) is solid evidence of tensar’s ongoing investment in innovation. our short-term and long-term erosion control Blankets (ecBs) and turf reinforcement Mats (trMs) keep you one step ahead of just about any erosion challenge.

tensar provides everything you need to know for quick, accurate erosion control installation tailored to your site. From start to finish, our rollMax systems’ product installation instructions are based on extensive research and field-proven techniques to ensure project success. the following pages offer instructions and guidelines for several scenarios you may encounter during the installation of rollMax systems.

EXPERIENCE YOU CAN RELY ONtensar is the industry leader when it comes to providing comprehensive erosion and sediment control and turf reinforcement solutions as well as internal soil reinforcement solutions for site development challenges. We have developed integrated systems and products with the sole objective to ensure absolute customer satisfaction. our products are backed by the most thorough quality assurance practices in the industry. And, we provide comprehensive design assistance for every tensar system.

For additional installation assistance on rollMax systems, please call 800-TENSAR-1, visit www.tensarcorp.com or e-mail info@tensarcorp.com and we will be happy to put in touch with your erosion control specialist who can assist you.

RollMax™ Installation Guidelines:

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3

Installation Made Easy

2"-5"(5-12.5 cm)

6'(1.8 m)

2"-5"(5-12.5 cm)

3'(0.9 m)

3.3'(1 m)

2"-5"(5-12.5 cm)

6'(1.8 m)

2"-5"(5-12.5 cm)

3'(0.9 m)

3.3'(1 m)

3.3'(1 m)

1.6'(0.5 m)

2"-5"(5-12.5 cm)

4'(1.2 m)

2"-5"(5-12.5 cm)

2'(0.6 m)

3.3' (1 m)

1.6'(0.5 m)

2"-5"(5-12.5 cm)

4'(1.2 m)

2"-5"(5-12.5 cm)

2'(0.6 m)

3.3' (1 m)

20" (0.5 m)

2"-5"(5-12.5 cm)

4'(1.2 m)

2"-5"(5-12.5 cm)

2'(0.6 m)

3.3' (1 m)

20" ( 0.5 m)

10" (25 cm)

10" (25 cm)

A B

D E

C

0.7 staples per sq yd 1.15 staples per sq yd

3.4 staples per sq yd 3.75 staples per sq yd

1.7 staples per sq yd

4:1 slopes (A)

3:1 slopes (B)

2:1 slopes (C)

1:1 and steeper slopes (D)

Medium/high flow channel (D)

High flow channel and shoreline (E)

NOTES:

Use ECMDS® for more accurate staple pattern selection.

The information presented herein is general design information only.For specific applications, consult an independent professional for further design guidance.

FIGURE 1

When under the pressure of severe conditions, even the best erosion control products can’t function to their full potential without proper installation and anchoring. tensar supplies a wide variety of fastener options for nearly every application and soil type.

For use in cohesive soils, wire staples are a cost-effective means to fasten recPs. Available in 6 in., 8 in., 10 in. and 12 in. lengths, our U-shaped staples can reach to various depths to ensure adequate pull-out resistance. For installation using our handy Pin Pounder installation tool, 6 in. V-top staples or 6 in. circle top pins are available.

our biodegradable Biostakes® are available in 4 in. and 6 in. lengths and provide an environmentally friendly alternative to metal staples. For an even more durable, deeper reaching yet all-natural anchoring option, our wood ecostakes® are available in 6 in., 12 in., 18 in. and 24 in. lengths.

For severe applications needing the ultimate, long-lasting hold, try our 12 in. and 18 in. rebar staples, our 12 in. plastic shoreMax® stakes, or our complete line of percussion earth anchors. the tensar earth anchors reach deep into the soil strata to offer enhanced anchoring in the worst conditions. our variety of earth anchors are designed for durability and holding power under extreme hydraulic stresses and adverse soil conditions.

StAPLE PAttERNSProper staple patterns must be used to achieve optimal results in recP installation. tensar recommends the following general stapling patterns as guidance for use with our recPs as seen in (Figure 1). site-specific staple pattern recommen-dations based on soil type and severity of application may be acquired through our erosion control Materials design software (ecMds®), www.ecmds.com.

StAPLE PAttERN GUIDE

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4

SLOPE INStALLAtION StEPS1. Prepare soil before installing recPs, including any necessary

application of lime, fertilizer and seed. see page 7 for special requirements when soil filling a woven trM.

2. Begin at the top of the slope by anchoring the recPs in a 6 in. (15 cm) deep x 6 in. (15 cm) wide trench with approxi-mately 12 in. (30 cm) of recPs extended beyond the upslope portion of the trench. Anchor the recPs with a row of staples/stakes approximately 12 in. (30 cm) apart in the bottom of the trench. Backfill and compact the trench after stapling. Apply seed to the compacted soil and fold the remaining 12 in. (30 cm) portion of recPs back over the seed and compacted soil. secure recPs over compacted soil with a row of staples/stakes spaced approximately 12 in. (30 cm) apart across the width of the recPs.

3. roll the recPs (3A) down or (3B) horizontally across the slope. recPs will unroll with appropriate side against the soil surface. All recPs must be securely fastened to soil surface by placing staples/stakes in appropriate locations as shown in the staple pattern guide.

4. the edges of parallel recPs must be stapled with approxi-mately 2 in.-5 in. (5-12.5 cm) overlap depending on the recP type.

5. consecutive recPs spliced down the slope must be end- over-end (shingle style) with an approximate 3 in. (7.5 cm) overlap. staple through overlapped area, approximately 12 in. (30 cm) apart across entire recPs width.*

*NotE: In adverse soil conditions longer staples/stakes or earth anchors may be necessary to properly secure the RECPs.

the following slope guide outlines our general recommendations for installing tensar’s rollMax™ temporary and/or permanent recPs on sloping applications. consult the staple pattern guide (Figure 1) for fastener spacing recommendations based on the slope severity.

Slope Installation

3A

15

4

3B

2 in.-5 in.(5-12.5 cm)

12 in. (30 cm)

6 in.(15 cm)

6 in.(15 cm)

3 in. (7.5 cm)

2

Drawings Not to Scale

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5

CHANNEL INStALLAtION StEPS1. Prepare soil before installing recPs, including any necessary

application of lime, fertilizer and seed. see page 7 for special requirements when soil filling a woven trM.

2. Begin at the top of the channel by anchoring the recPs in a 6 in. (15 cm) deep x 6 in. (15 cm) wide trench with approxi-mately 12 in. (30 cm) of recPs extended beyond the upslope portion of the trench. Use shoreMax® mat at the channel/culvert outlet as supplemental scour protection as needed. Anchor the recPs with a row of staples/stakes approxi-mately 12 in. (30 cm) apart in the bottom of the trench. Backfill and compact the trench after stapling. Apply seed to the compacted soil and fold the remaining 12 in. (30 cm) portion of recPs back over the seed and compacted soil. secure recPs over compacted soil with a row of staples/stakes spaced approximately 12 in. (30 cm) apart across the width of the recPs.

3. roll center recPs in direction of water flow in bottom of channel. recPs will unroll with appropriate side against the soil surface. All recPs must be securely fastened to soil surface by placing staples/stakes in appropriate locations as shown in the staple pattern guide.

Place consecutive recPs end-over-end (shingle style) with a 4 in.-6 in. (10-15 cm) overlap. Use a double row of staples staggered 4 in. (10 cm) apart and 4 in. (10 cm) on center to secure recPs.

4. Full-length edge of recPs at top of side slopes must be anchored with a row of staples/stakes approximately 12 in. (30 cm) apart in a 6 in. (15 cm) deep x 6 in. (15 cm) wide trench. Backfill and compact the trench after stapling.

5. Adjacent recPs must be overlapped approximately 2 in.- 5 in. (5-12.5 cm) (depending on recP type) and stapled.*

6. in high flow channel applications a staple check slot is recommended at 30 to 40 ft (9-12 m) intervals. Use a double row of staples staggered 4 in. (10 cm) apart and 4 in. (10 cm) on center over entire width of the channel.

7. the terminal end of the recPs must be anchored with a row of staples/stakes approximately 12 in. (30 cm) apart in a 6 in. (15 cm) deep x 6 in. (15 cm) wide trench. Backfill and compact the trench after stapling.

* NotE: In adverse soil conditions longer staples/stakes or earth anchors may be necessary to properly secure the RECPs.

the following channel guide outlines our general recommendations for installing tensar’s rollMax™ temporary and/or permanent recPs in concentrated flow applications. consult the staple pattern guide (Figure 1) for fastener spacing recommendations based on the channel severity.

Channel Installation

CRITICAL POINTSA. overlaps and seamsB. Projected Water linec. channel Bottom/side slope Vertices

Horizontal staple/stake spacing should be altered if necessary to allow staples to secure the critical points along the channel surface.

8

6 in. (15 cm)

6 in. (15 cm)

4 4 in.-6 in. (10-15 cm)

6 in. (15 cm)

2 in.-5 in. (5-12.5 cm)

4 in. (10 cm)

12 in. (30 cm)

5

2

7

1

3

A AB BC C

6 in. (15 cm)

4 in. (10 cm)

6

Drawings Not to Scale

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6

the following guide outlines our general recommendations for installing tensar’s rollMax™ temporary and/or permanent recPs along shoreline and stream bank applications. consult the staple pattern guide (Figure 1) for fastener spacing recommendations based on the bank severity.

Shoreline Installation

SHORELINE/StREAMBANk INStALLAtION StEPS1. For easier installation, lower water level from level A to

level B before installation.

2. Prepare soil before installing recPs, including any necessary application of lime, fertilizer and seed. see page 7 for special requirements when soil filling a woven trM.

3. Begin at the top of the shoreline by anchoring the recPs in a 6 in. (15 cm) deep x 6 in. (15 cm) wide trench with approxi-mately 12 in. (30 cm) of recPs extended beyond the upslope portion of the trench. Anchor the recPs with a row of staples/stakes approximately 12 in. (30 cm) apart in the bottom of the trench. Backfill and compact the trench after stapling. Apply seed to the compacted soil and fold the remaining 12 in. (30 cm) portion of recPs back over the seed and compacted soil. secure recPs over compacted soil with a row of staples/stakes spaced approximately 12 in. (30 cm) apart across the width of the recPs.

4. roll recPs either (A) down the shoreline for long banks (top to bottom) or (B) horizontally across the shoreline

slope. recPs will unroll with appropriate side against the soil surface. All recPs must be securely fastened to soil surface by placing staples/stakes in appropriate locations as shown in the staple pattern guide.

5. the edges of all horizontal and vertical seams must be stapled with approximately 2 in.-5 in. (5-12.5 cm) overlap. in streambank applications, seam overlaps should be shingled in the predominant flow direction.

6. the edges of the recPs at or below normal water level must be anchored by placing the recPs in a 12 in. (30 cm) deep x 6 in. (15 cm) wide anchor trench. Anchor the recPs with a row of staples/stakes spaced approximately 12 in. (30 cm) apart in the trench. Backfill and compact the trench after stapling (stone or soil may be used as backfill). For installa-tion at or below normal water level, use of shoreMax® mat on top of the recP or geotextile may be recommended. Bottom anchor trench can be eliminated when using shoreMax mat over recP along the bottom edge.

NotE: In adverse soil conditions longer staples/stakes or earth anchors may be necessary to properly secure the RECPs.

4A

12 in. (30 cm)

6 in. (15 cm)

6 in. (15 cm)

2 in.-5 in. (5-12.55 cm)

5

2

3

4B

LEvEL B1

12 in. (30 cm)

6

LEvEL A

Drawings Not to Scale

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7

INStALLING RECP wItH EARtH ANCHORSconsult the following edge details when using earth anchors in conjunction with our rollMax™ recPs:

˴ For the leading edge of a slope or channel, secure the recP in a 6 in. (15 cm) x 6 in. (15 cm) wide trench with approximately 12 in. (30 cm) of recP extended beyond the upslope portion of the trench. Anchor the recP with a row of staples and anchors approximately 12 in. (30 cm) apart in the bottom of the trench. Backfill and compact the trench after stapling. Apply seed to backfilled soil and fold remaining 12 in. (30 cm) of recP over seeded soil. secure the recP with a row of staples and anchors approximately 12 in. (30 cm) across the width of the recP (Figures 2 and 3).

˴ Full-length edge of recPs in critical areas should be anchored with a row of staples and anchors approxi-mately 12 in. (30 cm) apart in a 6 in. (15 cm) deep x 6 in. (15 cm) wide trench. Backfill and compact the trench after stapling (Figure 4).

˴ Adjacent recPs must be overlapped 3 in.-5 in. (5-12.5 cm) overlap. consecutive blankets should be placed end-over-end (shingle style). secure with a double row of staples staggered 4 in. (10 cm) apart and 4 in. (10 cm) on center and anchors to secure (Figure 5).

˴ consult the slope Gradient detail for recommendations on anchor quantities based on slope or bank steepness (Figure 6).

SOIL FILLINGconsult the following installation instructions when soil filling a woven trM.

˴ installed trM shall be seeded and soil-filled.

˴ After seeding, spread a layer of fine soil into the mat. Using the flat side of a rake, broom or other tool, completely fill the voids. smooth soil-fill in order to just expose the top of the trM matrix. do not place excessive soil above the mat.

˴ in the case of equipment use, no tracked equipment or sharp turns shall be allowed on the mat. Avoid any traffic over the mat if loose or wet soil conditions exist.

˴ Additional seed, hydraulic mulching or the use of a temporary erosion control blanket can be applied over the soil-filled mat for additional protection.

˴ consult with a manufacturer’s technical representative for installation assistance if unique conditions apply.

Special Installation Instructions

Drawings Not to Scale

DISclaImER: The information presented herein is general design information only. For specific applications, consult an independent professional for further design guidance.

6 in. (15 cm)

FIGURE 2

12 in. (30 cm)

6 in. (15 cm)

6

FIGURE 3

Earth Anchor

Staples/Stakes

Earth Anchor

2 in.-5 in.(5-12.5 cm)

Stee

p Sl

opes

Shal

low

Sl

opes

2.3 Anch

ors/sq yd (2

.7 Anch

ors/sq m

)1.7 Anchors/sq yd (2.0 Anchors/sq m)

1.15 Anchors/sq yd (1.35 Anchors/sq m)

0.7 Anchors/sq yd (0.8 Anchors/sq m)

1:1

2:1

3:1

FIGURE 5

Earth Anchor

Staples/Stakes

Earth Anchor

4 in.-6 in.(10-15 cm)

FIGURE 6 Slope Gradient Detail

FIGURE 4

6 in. (15 cm)

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EC_RMX_IG_1.13

©2013, Tensar International Corporation. North American Green is a registered trademark. Certain products and/or applications described or illustrated herein are protected under one or more U.S. patents. Other U.S. patents are pending, and certain foreign patents and patent applications may also exist. Trademark rights also apply as indicated here in. Final determination of the suitability of any information or material for the use contemplated, and its manner of use, is the sole responsibility of the user. Printed in the U.S.A.

Distributed by:

Tensar International Corporation

2500 Northwinds Parkway, Suite 500

Alpharetta, Georgia 30009

800-TENSAR-1

tensarcorp.com

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Maccaferri, Inc.

10303 Governor Lane Blvd., Williamsport, MD 21795

Tel. (800) 638-7744 - Fax (301) 223-4590

E-mail: info@maccaferri-usa.com - Web site: www.maccaferri-usa.com

Area Offices: Phoenix, Arizona Sacramento, California Miami, Florida St. Louis, Missouri

© C

OPYRIG

HT

MACCAFE

RRI

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET Rev. 02, Date 05.13.2014

© 2014 Maccaferri. All rights reserved. Maccaferri will enforce Copyright.

Trenton, New Jersey Albuquerque, New Mexico Caguas, Puerto Rico Dallas/Ft. Worth, Texas

MACMAT® R1 8127GN

TURF REINFORCEMENT MAT

Maccaferri reserves the right to amend product specifications without notice and specifiers are requested to check as to the validity of the specifications they are using.

MacMat R1 8127GN geocomposite combines a layer of double twisted hexagonal steel wire mesh with a polypropylene three

dimensional matrix geomat that is extruded onto the wire during the manufacturing process. MacMat R1 8127GN is applied as an erosion control mat for sloped embankments, for channel linings and “soil veneer applications”.

Properties REINFORCEMENT

Double twisted woven steel wire mesh heavily Galmac coated; type 8x10 -

Minimum Weight of Coating [Galfan®] ASTM A856M-98 oz/yd2 (g/m2 ) 7.19 (244) 3

Minimum Thickness of Coating [PVC] ASTM A975 in (mm) n.a. -

Diameter of Wire Mesh ASTM A975 in (mm) 0.106 (2.7) 3

Diameter of Selvedge Wire ASTM A975 in (mm) 0.133 (3.4) 3

1. Minimum average roll values (MARV) are calculated as typical minus two standard deviations. 2. Minimum value 3. Typical value; on typical value a 10% of tolerance on the declared value is admitted 4. Determined on full scale tests by independent laboratories 5. Width, length, area and weight values per roll are nominal a tolerance of 5% on the reported value is admitted.

Properties MAT Test Method Units Values Notes:

Polymer polypropylene

Mass/Unit Area ASTM D 6566 oz/yd2 (g/m2) 13.3 (450) 3

UV Stability ASTM D G53, ASTM D 1682, mod. % strength retained stabilized

Properties GEOCOMPOSITE

Tensile Strength (MD) ASTM D4595 lbs/ft (kN/m) 2860 (41.7) 1

Thickness ASTM D 6525 in (mm) 0.47 (12) 2

Mass/Unit Area ASTM D 6566 oz/yd2 (g/m2) 56.6 (1920) 3

Ground Cover & Light penetration ASTM D6567 % >65 & 30 3,4

Ability to protect soil from rain splash and asso-ciated runoff under bench-scale conditions

ECTC method 2; 6 inch (150 mm)/hr for 30 min

soil Loss ratio > 4.4 3,4

Ability to protect soil from hydraulically-induced shear stresses under bench-scale conditions

ECTC method 3 1.98 psf for 30 min; g 3.21 psf for 30 min; g 4.31 psf for 30 min; g

< 45 < 430

< 1700 3,4

Performance in encouraging seed germination and plant growth

ECTC method 4 % > 390 3,4

Roll info (Width x Length) (Area x Weight)

ft (m) yd2x lb (m2x kg)

6.56x82 (2x25)

59.8x150.2 (50x81.5) 5

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