MEDIEVAL EUROPE:

MEDIEVAL EUROPE:

500

500--1500

1500

LESSON FOUR

LESSON FOUR

��Textbook 13

Textbook 13-- 2/13

2/13-- 3; pages 358

3; pages 358-- 369

369

��Lesson Four Objectives:

Lesson Four Objectives:

��Explain structure of feudalism and the role of the manor

Explain structure of feudalism and the role of the manor

system

system

��Evaluate medieval Europe society

Evaluate medieval Europe society

��Describe importance of medieval warfare and evaluate the

Describe importance of medieval warfare and evaluate the

effects on present day

effects on present day

��Analyze how medieval literature depicts chivalry, knighthood

Analyze how medieval literature depicts chivalry, knighthood

and women

and women

��Key Vocabulary:

Key Vocabulary:

��Medieval, Charlemagne, Feudalism, Vassal, Serf, Manor,

Medieval, Charlemagne, Feudalism, Vassal, Serf, Manor,

Knights, Chivalry

Knights, Chivalry

MEDIEVAL

MEDIEVAL

��From Latin words meaning

From Latin words meaning ““Middle Ages

Middle Ages ””

��500

500-- 1500 Europe was in middle between ancient

1500 Europe was in middle between ancient

Rome and Modern Europe

Rome and Modern Europe

��This time period also referred to as

This time period also referred to as ““ Middle Ages

Middle Ages ””

��After Roman Empire, European civilization

After Roman Empire, European civilization

decentralized with regional leaders fighting each

decentralized with regional leaders fighting each

other for land

other for land

��Culture was combination of nomadic & Christianity

Culture was combination of nomadic & Christianity--

groups conquered Rome & Christianity that was

groups conquered Rome & Christianity that was

adopted

adopted

BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND

��Franks

Franks

��People of the region that is France today

People of the region that is France today

��732 prevented Muslim invaders from moving north of Spain

732 prevented Muslim invaders from moving north of Spain

��Charlemagne (or Charles the Great)

Charlemagne (or Charles the Great)

��Frankish leader

Frankish leader

��Built empire greater than any since Ancient Rome

Built empire greater than any since Ancient Rome-- larger

larger

than Byzantine Empire

than Byzantine Empire

��Considered founder of France

Considered founder of France

��Unified Frankish territory and established a short lived

Unified Frankish territory and established a short lived

empire

empire

��Spread Christianity during territory expansions

Spread Christianity during territory expansions

��Dec. 25

Dec. 25ththin 800 was crowned by Pope as new

in 800 was crowned by Pope as new ““Holy Roman

Holy Roman

Emperor

Emperor ””, also by this time had reunited Western Europe

, also by this time had reunited Western Europe

��During this time, Germanic invaders

During this time, Germanic invaders

overran western half of Roman Empire

overran western half of Roman Empire

��Invasions and warfare caused disruptions of

Invasions and warfare caused disruptions of

trade, cities and population shifts

trade, cities and population shifts

��Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman

Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman

provinces

provinces

��Despite upheaval Church remained constant

Despite upheaval Church remained constant

institution; provided order and security

institution; provided order and security

��Empire Evolves

Empire Evolves

��After RE dissolved, small kingdoms sprang up

After RE dissolved, small kingdoms sprang up

all over Europe

all over Europe

��England splintered into 7 tiny kingdoms

England splintered into 7 tiny kingdoms

FEUDALISM

FEUDALISM

��Treaty of Verdun signed

Treaty of Verdun signed btwn

btwn

Charlemagne

Charlemagne’’ s sons; fighting heirs

s sons; fighting heirs

��Empire divided into 3 kingdoms

Empire divided into 3 kingdoms

��Kings lost power & central authority broke

Kings lost power & central authority broke

down

down

��Lack central authority led to new system of

Lack central authority led to new system of

governing and landholders: FEUDALISM

governing and landholders: FEUDALISM

��Feudalism: system of rules based on

Feudalism: system of rules based on

ownership of land & personal loyalty

ownership of land & personal loyalty

��No strong

No strong gov

gov’’ ttin Western Europe

in Western Europe

��Competing nobility & frequent attacks from

Competing nobility & frequent attacks from

outside groups

outside groups

��Similar feudal system existed in China under

Similar feudal system existed in China under

Zhou dynasty and also in Japan

Zhou dynasty and also in Japan

��With no strong

With no strong gov

gov’’ tt, medieval society was

, medieval society was

based on power & protection of nobility

based on power & protection of nobility

��2 systems developed to regulate life:

2 systems developed to regulate life:

��Feudalism

Feudalism

��Manorialism

Manorialism

MANORIALISM

MANORIALISM

��Economic system of self

Economic system of self-- sufficiency

sufficiency

��Centered on manor estate & surrounding

Centered on manor estate & surrounding

land, as well as all people living on land

land, as well as all people living on land

��Contrast to feudalism, which system

Contrast to feudalism, which system

politically based on rights & obligations

politically based on rights & obligations

��LORD: landowner

LORD: landowner

��In exchange for military protection & other

In exchange for military protection & other

services lord could granted land called

services lord could granted land called FIEF

FIEF

��VASSAL: person who received fief (land

VASSAL: person who received fief (land

grant)

grant)

��Structure based on pyramid:

Structure based on pyramid:

KING

VASSALS:

Wealthy land

owners such

as bishops and nobles

KNIGHTS: Maintained pledge

to defend their lord’s lands

in exchange for fiefs

PEASANTS: Landless, toiled in fields

��Status determined a person

Status determined a person’’ s prestige & power, usually

s prestige & power, usually

inherited

inherited

��Where else have we discussed inherited social class?

Where else have we discussed inherited social class?

��Majority of people peasants

Majority of people peasants

��Most peasants where SERFS

Most peasants where SERFS

��People who could not lawfully leave the place

People who could not lawfully leave the place

where they were born

where they were born

��If born on manor, stayed on manor; bound to

If born on manor, stayed on manor; bound to

land, yet not slaves

land, yet not slaves

��Lords no sell or buy them

Lords no sell or buy them

��Labor produced belonged to lord

Labor produced belonged to lord

��Feudalism: Political

Feudalism: Political

��Manor: Economic side of feudalism

Manor: Economic side of feudalism

MANORS

MANORS

��Manor: Lord

Manor: Lord’’ s Estate

s Estate

��Basic economic system

Basic economic system

��Based on rights between lord & his serfs

Based on rights between lord & his serfs

��Lord provided serfs with housing, farmland, protection from

Lord provided serfs with housing, farmland, protection from

bandits

bandits

��In return, serfs tended to lord

In return, serfs tended to lord’’ s land, animals and other

s land, animals and other

tasks to maintain estate

tasks to maintain estate

��Everyone worked

Everyone worked-- men, women & children

men, women & children

��Self

Self-- Contained World; Self

Contained World; Self-- Sufficient

Sufficient

��Only a few square miles

Only a few square miles

��Stood in center, see entire world

Stood in center, see entire world

��Peasants rarely traveled more 25 miles (this Oneida or Norwich)

Peasants rarely traveled more 25 miles (this Oneida or Norwich)

��Consisted of lord

Consisted of lord’’ s manor house, church, mill, workshop

s manor house, church, mill, workshop

��1515-- 30 families in village on estate/manor

30 families in village on estate/manor

��Fields, pastures, woodlands surround village with stream/mill

Fields, pastures, woodlands surround village with stream/mill

��Everything raised/produced on estate needed for lord and daily l

Everything raised/produced on estate needed for lord and daily lifeife

��Manor Realities

Manor Realities

��Peasant

Peasant ’’s paid high price

s paid high price

��Tax on grain, marriage (weddings take place with

Tax on grain, marriage (weddings take place with

lordlord’’ s consent), owed TITHE (church tax) to village

s consent), owed TITHE (church tax) to village

priest which was 1/10 of income

priest which was 1/10 of income

��Crowded cottages,

Crowded cottages, ½½rooms, dirt floors, slept on

rooms, dirt floors, slept on

insect infested straw piles, simple diet of bread,

insect infested straw piles, simple diet of bread,

cheese, veggies, soup and grain

cheese, veggies, soup and grain

��Life was work; children worked

Life was work; children worked

��Avg. life expectancy 35 years old

Avg. life expectancy 35 years old

��Accepted life as part of church teachings

Accepted life as part of church teachings --God

God

determined a person

determined a person’’ s place in society

s place in society

��Piers Plowman

Piers Plowmanby William Langland, 1362

by William Langland, 1362

��Primary document depicted peasant life

Primary document depicted peasant life

CHIVALRY

CHIVALRY

��Without central

Without central govt

govt , fighting

, fighting btwn

btwnrulers & invaders was

rulers & invaders was

constant

constant

��Europe was a fragmented states

Europe was a fragmented states

��Due to feudal contract, warriors of noble birth (knights)

Due to feudal contract, warriors of noble birth (knights)

promised to fight for their lord

promised to fight for their lord

��Combat skills were praised

Combat skills were praised

��By 1100s, a code of behavior was developing: CHIVALRY:

By 1100s, a code of behavior was developing: CHIVALRY:

��High ideals guided warrior actions & glorified their roles

High ideals guided warrior actions & glorified their roles

��Knights obligated to serve in battle, 40 days of combat a year a

Knights obligated to serve in battle, 40 days of combat a year and spend

nd spend

rest of time training

rest of time training

��Knights

Knights

��Displayed courage in battle & loyalty

Displayed courage in battle & loyalty

��Code of chivalry developed, ideal conduct for knight

Code of chivalry developed, ideal conduct for knight

��Complex set of ideals

Complex set of ideals

��Knight fight bravely

Knight fight bravely

��Devoted to feudal lord, heavenly lord and lady

Devoted to feudal lord, heavenly lord and lady

��Protect weak and poor

Protect weak and poor

��Loyal, brave and courteous

Loyal, brave and courteous

��Knight was romanticized & glorified & connected to Christianity

Knight was romanticized & glorified & connected to Christianity

��Knights trained at early age of 7 and by age 21 full fledge

Knights trained at early age of 7 and by age 21 full fledge

knight

knight

��Mock battles=tournaments

Mock battles=tournaments

��Fierce & bloody

Fierce & bloody

��Fan favorite

Fan favorite

��Warfare & Technology

Warfare & Technology

��Saddle & stirrups

Saddle & stirrups

��Mounted knights most important part of Army

Mounted knights most important part of Army

��Feudal lords raised private armies to defend territories

Feudal lords raised private armies to defend territories

��Knights fought/rewarded with fiefs

Knights fought/rewarded with fiefs-- the lord

the lord’’ s most abundant resource

s most abundant resource

��P. 366

P. 366-- ””How to Capture a Castle

How to Capture a Castle””

��Heavy & clumsy weapons

Heavy & clumsy weapons

��Battles

Battles

��Bloodshed

Bloodshed

��1100s massive walls, guard towers around castles;

1100s massive walls, guard towers around castles; fortess

fortessdesign for

design for

defense

defense

��Defending was considered gory: boiling hot water poured, hot oil

Defending was considered gory: boiling hot water poured, hot oil, ,

molten lead, expert archers

molten lead, expert archers

LITERATURE &

SONG

LITERATURE &

SONG

��1100s downplay brutality of knighthood & feudal

1100s downplay brutality of knighthood & feudal

warfare by idealizing castle life

warfare by idealizing castle life

��Glorified knighthood & chivalry

Glorified knighthood & chivalry

��Tournaments & real battles

Tournaments & real battles

��Songs & Poems

Songs & Poems

��About knights, ladies & love

About knights, ladies & love

��Called Epic Poems

Called Epic Poems

��Recounted hero

Recounted hero’’ s deeds & adventures

s deeds & adventures

��Retold about legendary heroes

Retold about legendary heroes

��Knights conflicted between duty & lady

Knights conflicted between duty & lady

��Song of Roland

Song of Roland

��Earliest & most famous medieval epic poem

Earliest & most famous medieval epic poem

��Troubadours

Troubadours

��Traveling poet/musicians

Traveling poet/musicians

��Verses about joys & sorrows of romantic love

Verses about joys & sorrows of romantic love

WOM

EN

WOM

EN

��Women

Women

��Most powerless

Most powerless

��Inferior to men

Inferior to men

��View of church & accepted in feudal society

View of church & accepted in feudal society

��Still important in noble & peasant families

Still important in noble & peasant families

��Noblewomen

Noblewomen

��Could inherit estate f/husband under feudal system

Could inherit estate f/husband under feudal system

��Could send knights to war

Could send knights to war

��Acted as military commander & warrior in husband

Acted as military commander & warrior in husband’’ s s

absence

absence

��Castle defender

Castle defender

��Had to confine self to gender roles

Had to confine self to gender roles

��Be passed over in terms of property

Be passed over in terms of property-- passed to sons, not

passed to sons, not

daughters

daughters

��Girls educated by tutors

Girls educated by tutors

��Peasant Women

Peasant Women

��Perform endless labor in home & field

Perform endless labor in home & field

��Young girls learn practical household skills

Young girls learn practical household skills

��Poor

Poor

��Powerless

Powerless

��Yet huge economic contribution in survival of

Yet huge economic contribution in survival of

household

household

QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS

��Was the distinction between serf & slaves

Was the distinction between serf & slaves

important?

important?

��How did religion support the feudal

How did religion support the feudal

system?

system?

��Where do we see

Where do we see ““chivalry

chivalry””today?

today?

SOURCES

SOURCES

��Images

Images

��www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/lecture_mid_civ.htm

www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/lecture_mid_civ.htm

��http://images.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi

http://images.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi

��http://karenswhimsy.com/medieval

http://karenswhimsy.com/medieval --knights

knights--

jousting.shtm

jousting.shtm

��www.cartoonstock.com

www.cartoonstock.com