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Europe in the Middle Europe in the Middle AgesAges
AKA Medieval Europe AKA Medieval Europe
From 500 - 1500 ADFrom 500 - 1500 AD
What are the Middle Ages?What are the Middle Ages?
• Historians divide human Historians divide human divide or chunk history divide or chunk history into different periods as into different periods as they study itthey study it
• The Middle Ages, or The Middle Ages, or Medieval PeriodMedieval Period, , refers to a long stretch refers to a long stretch of European history of European history
• Some historians have Some historians have different opinions of different opinions of when the Middle Ages when the Middle Ages start and end…start and end…
NERD FIGHT!
Dates of the Middle AgesDates of the Middle Ages
• Start with the collapse of the Start with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476Western Roman Empire in 476 and end during the highpoint of and end during the highpoint of the European the European RenaissanceRenaissance
• From the years From the years 476 to 1500 AD476 to 1500 AD • Or Or 500 to 1500 AD500 to 1500 AD if you want to if you want to
round it offround it off
• This is a Middle-This is a Middle-Aged ManAged Man
• And a good And a good depiction of a depiction of a “Midlife Crisis”“Midlife Crisis”
It’s not this…It’s not this…
Back To RomeBack To Rome
• While While EasternEastern Rome remained Rome remained strong, the strong, the WesternWestern half collapsedhalf collapsed
• It was overrun by It was overrun by GermanicGermanic (a.k.a. (a.k.a. barbaricbarbaric) tribes) tribes
• One of these tribes was named the One of these tribes was named the FranksFranks
The FranksThe Franks• Were a nomadic, Were a nomadic, GermanicGermanic tribe tribe
that invaded the Roman province that invaded the Roman province of of Gaul Gaul – Gaul is now what we call Gaul is now what we call FranceFrance
• They were ruled by a line of kings They were ruled by a line of kings from a family named the from a family named the Merovingian’sMerovingian’s
Clovis: 481-511Clovis: 481-511
• Claimed a great Claimed a great deal of territory for deal of territory for the the FranksFranks
• Helped the Franks Helped the Franks become extremely become extremely powerfulpowerful
• Converted to Converted to ChristianityChristianity
• Many Many FranksFranks converted after converted after ClovisClovis
Charles Martel Charles Martel
• AKA AKA The Hammer The Hammer • Worried about the rapid spread of IslamWorried about the rapid spread of Islam• In order to help raise an army, he gave In order to help raise an army, he gave
land land to those who would fight for himto those who would fight for him• Army was called the Army was called the “Vassals of the “Vassals of the
Lord”Lord”• In In 732732, leads the Franks in their defeat of , leads the Franks in their defeat of
Muslim armies at Muslim armies at The Battle of ToursThe Battle of Tours
The The RapidRapid Spread of Islam During Spread of Islam During the Middle Agesthe Middle Ages
Battle of Tours 732Battle of Tours 732
Tours
A Major Battle in History: Why?A Major Battle in History: Why?
• FranceFrance stayed stayed ChristianChristian
• Would a large Would a large portion of portion of Europeans be Europeans be MuslimMuslim today if the today if the battle had battle had gone the gone the other way?other way?
• KnightsKnights on horseback on horseback became very became very importantimportant
Pepin The Short 741-768Pepin The Short 741-768
• Charles’ sonCharles’ son• Had a close relationship with the Had a close relationship with the PopePope• TheThe PopePope asked Pepin for protection from a asked Pepin for protection from a
surrounding Germanic tribe called the surrounding Germanic tribe called the LombardsLombards
• The The PopePope came to came to France France to officially crown to officially crown Pepin King of the FranksPepin King of the Franks
• PepinPepin defeated the defeated the LombardsLombards and gave the and gave the land to the Pope- territory called the land to the Pope- territory called the Papal Papal States or States or VaticanVatican
• These events cemented a These events cemented a strong relationshipstrong relationship between thebetween the Pope and Frankish KingsPope and Frankish Kings
Map of the Papal States (Pope’s Map of the Papal States (Pope’s Lands)Lands)
Thursday 4/16Thursday 4/16
• Notes on Charlemagne Notes on Charlemagne • Rises above the rest and answer Rises above the rest and answer
questionsquestions• Go over Charlemagne answersGo over Charlemagne answers• Work on Map PacketWork on Map Packet
Charlemagne or Charles the Great: Charlemagne or Charles the Great: 768-814768-814
• Became king of all Became king of all FrankishFrankish territory at 29 territory at 29
• Carolingian DynastyCarolingian Dynasty is named after himis named after him
• Great Great military leadermilitary leader and a smart, organized and a smart, organized rulerruler
• Very iVery intelligentntelligent, but , but struggled struggled all his life to all his life to learn to read and learn to read and writewrite
• Deeply religious Deeply religious ChristianChristian
• Was Was 6’ 4”6’ 4” tall, athletic, tall, athletic, • 4 wives; 18 children4 wives; 18 children
The Pope Was in A pinchThe Pope Was in A pinch
• In 795 the Pope had diedIn 795 the Pope had died• Pope Leo IIIPope Leo III was elected to be the new was elected to be the new
popepope• There There was controversywas controversy over his election; over his election;
many did many did not supportnot support him and wanted him him and wanted him outout
• He was overthrown and driven out of He was overthrown and driven out of RomeRome• Came to Came to CharlemagneCharlemagne for help for help• Charlemagne put theCharlemagne put the PopePope back into back into powerpower
800 AD: Christmas Day800 AD: Christmas Day
• Pope Leo III crowned Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Charlemagne “Holy “Holy Roman Emperor”Roman Emperor”
• But this sends a But this sends a message that the message that the PopePope is more powerful than is more powerful than the the EmperorEmperor
• It It tiesties the Emperor to the Emperor to the Church; the Holy the Church; the Holy Roman Emperor must Roman Emperor must protect the Churchprotect the Church
• Set up Set up future powerfuture power struggles between struggles between rulers and popesrulers and popes
Charlemagne Expands his Empire Charlemagne Expands his Empire
• United most of United most of Western EuropeWestern Europe– Areas of France, Areas of France, ItalyItaly, Germany, Switzerland, Germany, Switzerland
• First time that First time that Western EuropeWestern Europe was united was united since the Fall of since the Fall of WesternWestern Rome Rome
Charlemagne's Empire: 814 A.D
Charlemagne’s Empire
Achievements of CharlemagneAchievements of Charlemagne
• Spread Spread ChristianityChristianity• Encouraged Encouraged learninglearning• Built roads, Built roads, bridges, bridges,
and defensive and defensive structuresstructures
• Fairer Fairer lawslaws• Split land into Split land into
counties counties • Used Used Missi Missi
Domenici-Domenici- spies that spies that made sure his officials made sure his officials were ruling properlywere ruling properly
After Charlemagne After Charlemagne
• Louis the Louis the Pious Pious (very (very religiousreligious)-)- only only son to outlive Charlemagne son to outlive Charlemagne
• Louis the Pious had Louis the Pious had 4 legitimate sons 4 legitimate sons 1. Lothair1. Lothair2. Louis the 2. Louis the GermanGerman3. Charles the 3. Charles the BaldBald
• He didn’t want he sons to fight over He didn’t want he sons to fight over territoryterritory
• He divided his kingdom in order to keep He divided his kingdom in order to keep peacepeace among his sons…. among his sons….
Yes, I know there are only three here!
Fight Nice BoysFight Nice Boys
• AND OF COURSE THIS AND OF COURSE THIS DIDN’T WORK!DIDN’T WORK!• Several civil wars between his sons Several civil wars between his sons
broke out while he was still alivebroke out while he was still alive• As soon as their As soon as their daddad was dead the was dead the
remaining 3 sons fought like crazy remaining 3 sons fought like crazy • The war was eventually ended with The war was eventually ended with
the Treaty of Verdunthe Treaty of Verdun• The The Treaty of VerdunTreaty of Verdun divided the divided the
kingdom among the kingdom among the 33 remaining sonsremaining sons
Louis the Pious
DAD
Louis the German
Louis the Pious
Charles the Bald
Lothair
Treaty of VerdunTreaty of Verdun
Louis the German
Charles the Bald
Lothair
Treaty of VerdunTreaty of Verdun
End of the EmpireEnd of the Empire
• The fighting that took place after The fighting that took place after Charlemagne ended the Charlemagne ended the Carolingian Carolingian DynastyDynasty
• Series of wear rulers helped strengthen Series of wear rulers helped strengthen FEUDALISMFEUDALISM– Wimpy kings and division of land caused Wimpy kings and division of land caused
folks to be loyal to folks to be loyal to local lordslocal lords instead instead– Like in Like in JapanJapan- when people became loyal - when people became loyal
to the to the daimyodaimyo over the over the emperor emperor
Fuel for Future Conflict: Why Fuel for Future Conflict: Why History MattersHistory Matters
• The borders created in the Treaty of The borders created in the Treaty of Verdun eventually grow into the borders Verdun eventually grow into the borders between the Modern between the Modern Germany Germany and and FranceFrance
• Lothair’s former kingdom is a region called Lothair’s former kingdom is a region called Alsace LorraineAlsace Lorraine
• Alsace Lorraine-Alsace Lorraine- is rich w/ is rich w/ natural natural resourcesresources like coal and iron; both like coal and iron; both Germany and France wanted itGermany and France wanted it
• A dispute over this territory was one A dispute over this territory was one cause of cause of WWIWWI
When Vikings Attack!When Vikings Attack!
The Viking Age: Circa 800-1100The Viking Age: Circa 800-1100http://http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vikings/runes.htmlwww.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vikings/runes.html
Viking 101Viking 101
• BoysBoys– SentSent away from home at away from home at fivefive and and
learned:learned:– To fight with spears, knives, and To fight with spears, knives, and battle battle
axesaxes– Sailing,Sailing, navigationnavigation, how to build and , how to build and
repair shipsrepair ships– Family trade or Family trade or farmingfarming techniques techniques
• GirlsGirls– Learned to run the Learned to run the farmfarm and the and the
householdhousehold– If strong enough they were also trained If strong enough they were also trained
as as warriorswarriors
The DrakkarThe Drakkar
• AKA: long ship, AKA: long ship, dragon shipdragon ship• Was a Was a war shipwar ship used to transport troops used to transport troops• Could be sailed or rowed; crew of 20-30 peopleCould be sailed or rowed; crew of 20-30 people
The KnarrThe Knarr
• Shorter and Shorter and wider than wider than the Drakkarthe Drakkar
• Ocean-Ocean-going going cargo shipcargo ship
Viking Weaponry Viking Weaponry
• Fear-Fear- blood red sails blood red sails and serpent carvings and serpent carvings on boat scared their on boat scared their victimsvictims
• Battle-AxeBattle-Axe- one to - one to throw, one to carrythrow, one to carry
• Other weapons- archers Other weapons- archers and excellent and excellent swordsswords
• Weapons were also a Weapons were also a sign of sign of social classsocial class
• BerserkerBerserker- extremely - extremely fierce (to the point of fierce (to the point of insane) Viking warriorsinsane) Viking warriors
• Viking helmets Viking helmets did not have did not have hornshorns!!!!!!
• Vikings are Vikings are credited with credited with inventing inventing chain chain mail mail
Results of Viking RaidsResults of Viking Raids
• Vikings eventually settle down and mix Vikings eventually settle down and mix with the people of the British Isles and with the people of the British Isles and FranceFrance
• The system of The system of Feudalism Feudalism is strengthened is strengthened • FeudalismFeudalism- Peasants work and - Peasants work and pay taxespay taxes
in exchange for land to farm and in exchange for land to farm and protectionprotection
• France gives them a large piece of land: France gives them a large piece of land: NormandyNormandy
• Normandy-Normandy- is named after the French is named after the French word Viking: Norsemen or word Viking: Norsemen or North MenNorth Men
Map #1
Map #2
