Medical Terminology

Integumentary System

Chapter 6

Student Objectives

• Define the main functions of the integumentary system and its appendages.

• Identify combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes related to the integumentary system.

• Identify several primary and secondary skin lesions.

• Explain major skin problems caused by exposure.

Student Objectives

• Identify diagnostic, symptomatic, and therapeutic terms and procedures related to the integumentary system.

• Define the abbreviations related to the integumentary system.

• Explain pharmacology related to the treatment of integumentary disorders.

Functions of the Integumentary System

• skin– protects against bacterial invasion– reservoir for food and water– sensory receptor– synthesis of vitamin D– regulate body temperature and water– prevents dehydration

Epidermis

• outermost layer

• epithelium– strata or layers

– keratin (a fibrous protein)

• no blood vessels or nerve supply in epidermis

Dermis or CoriumLiving Tissue

capillaries

lymphatics

nerve endings

hair follicles

glands (sebaceous and sweat)

Subcutaneous or Hypodermis

• connective tissue layer

• specializes in formation of fat

• adipose or fat cells provide a food reserve and insulation

Appendages of the Skin

• Hair

• Glands

• Nails

• Breasts

Hair

• hair shaft• hair follicles• papilla• alopecia

Glands of the Skin• sudoriferous

– sweat glands

– cool the body

• sebaceous– sebum(oil)

• ceruminous glands– modified sweat glands

located in ear canals

– cerumen

Nails

• cuticle• lunula

Breasts or Mammary Glands

• Present in both males and females

• estrogen stimulation causes adipose tissue and increased size

• progesterone stimulation causes formation of lobules for milk production

Suffixes• -cyte• -derma• -gram• -graph• -graphy• -logist• -logy• -therapy

Prefixes

• Epi-

• hyper-

• hypo-

• sub-

Pathology• Primary Skin Lesions

– often due to healing process

• Secondary Skin Lesions– result of the primary skin lesions

• excoriation• abrasion• contusion• laceration• ulcers• cicatrix• keloid

Primary Lesions• macule• papule• nodule• vesicle• bulla• pustule• wheal• scales• fissure

Burns-First DegreeSuperficial

• Outer Layer of Epidermis

• erythema

• hyperesthesia

• Example: Sunburn

Burns-Second DegreePartial Thickness

• damages portion of epidermis and dermis

• vesicles or bullae

• regeneration can occur if no infection

Burns-Third DegreeFull-Thickness

• involves epidermis and dermis • can extend into subcutaneous tissue,

bone and muscle• cannot heal spontaneously• dermatoplasty

Frostbite

• Local skin destruction

• Result of freezing

• Classified according to severity– first, second, third

Oncology

• Neoplasm– malignant or benign– metastsize

• TNM system – T-size and extent of primary tumor– N-number of lymph nodes involved– M-metastases of primary tumor

Carcinoma

• Basal Cell Carcinoma

• Carcinoma of the Breast– nulliparous, menarche

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma– in situ, invasive

• Malignant Melanoma– melanocytes

Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic Terms

• Chloasma

• comedo

• decubitus ulcer

• dermatomycosis

• desqumation

• ecchymosis

• eczema

Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic Terms

• Erythema• eschar• hirsutism• impetigo• keratosis• lentigo• pallor• pediculosis

Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic Terms

• Pemphigus• petechia, petechiae• pruritus• psoriasis• purpura• scabies• tinea• urticaria• vitiligo• verruca

Diagnostic Procedures

• Mammography, mammogram

• xeromammography

Surgical and Therapeutic Procedures

• Allograft, skin graft, xenograft

• biopsy

• debridement

• dermabrasion

• fulguration

• lumpectomy

• mammoplasty, mastectomy

Pharmacology

• Anti-infectives, antibacterials, antifungals• anti-inflammatory, topical corticosteriods• antipruritics• antiseptics• keratolytics• parasiticides• protectives• topical anesthetics

Abbreviations• Bx• decub.• Derm.• FS• I & D• ID• SC, sc, subcu, subq• ung

End of Chapter 6