Carbohydrates

CarbohydratesMedical Indications: Related disorders and diseasesLactose intoleranceLactoseThe principle disaccharide found in milkNot appreciably sweet

LactaseEnzyme present in the digestion of lactose

Lactose intolerance

Lactose intolerance means the body cannot easily digest lactoseLack or absence of the enzyme lactaseResults to:Abdominal crampsDiarrhea GalactosemiaGalactoseOne of the monosaccharides that forms the disaccharide lactoseStereoisomer of glucose P-galactose-uridyl-transferaseEnzyme that metabolizes galactose

Rare inherited diseaseDue to the lack of an enzyme that is needed to metabolize galactoseCauses:CataractsCirrhosisMental retardationDental cariesContributing factors:Consumption of refined sugars and other refined foodConsumption of meats, dairy food and other acid-forming food in great excess of alkaline foodCause:Calcium is forced to be drawn from its own reserves

Diabetes MellitusA chronic lifelong conditionAffects the body's ability to use the energy found in foodThree major typesType 1 diabetesType 2 diabetesGestational diabetes

InsulinA hormone in the bloodstreamTakes in the glucose and uses it for energyWith diabetes mellitusThe body doesn't make enough insulinIt can't use the insulin it produces A combination of both

HypoglycemiaAlso known as low blood sugarDeficiency of glucose in the bloodstreamCauses of low blood sugar include:Certain medications, such as quinineDrinking too much alcoholSome medical conditions, such as hepatitis or kidney disordersA tumor that produces excess insulinEndocrine disorders, such as adrenal gland deficiency