Upload
lykhuong
View
214
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Medical ImagingIntroduction
Carlos A. [email protected]
ISEP – Departamento de F́ısicaInstituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto
Porto, Portugal
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 1 / 24
Medical ImagingOverview
Nobels
Imaging Modalities
DICOM and PACS
Image Processing
Scientific Visualization
Software and Toolkits
Physics Lecture Notes
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 2 / 24
Medical ImagingNobels
1901 Roentgen (Physics)Discovery of X-radiation
1944 Rabi (Physics)Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methodology
1952 Bloch and Purcell (Physics)NMR precision measurements
1979 Cormack and Hounsfield (Medicine)Computed tomography (CT)
1991 Ernst (Chemistry)High-resolution NMR spectroscopy
2003 Laterbur and Mansfield (Medicine)Discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 3 / 24
Medical ImagingImaging Modalities
Transmission
RadiographyComputed Tomography
Emission
Magnetic ResonanceNuclear medicine
Reflection (Scatter)
UltrasoundTermography
Image Properties
Limitations on informationcontent:
ContrastNoiseSharpnessDistortionDynamic/Static
Technical Perspective
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 4 / 24
Medical ImagingImaging Modalities
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 5 / 24
Medical ImagingTransmission Imaging
2D Projection
Radiography
1D Projection
Computed Tomography
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 6 / 24
Medical ImagingTransmission Imaging
Digital Radiography
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 7 / 24
Medical ImagingTransmission Imaging
Chest Radiography (PA, inter-patient)
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 8 / 24
Medical ImagingTransmission Imaging
Chest Radiography (PA/LAT, intra-patient)
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 9 / 24
Medical ImagingTransmission Imaging
Computed Tomography
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 10 / 24
Medical ImagingEmission Imaging
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 11 / 24
Medical ImagingEmission Imaging
Magnetic Resonance
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 12 / 24
Medical ImagingEmission Imaging
Magnetic Resonance
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 13 / 24
Medical ImagingEmission Imaging
Nuclear Medicine
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 14 / 24
Medical ImagingReflection (Scatter) Imaging
Ultrasound
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 15 / 24
Medical ImagingDICOM and PACS
DICOM – Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
Comprehensive set of standards for handling, storing andtransmitting information in medical imaging
DICOM files
header (set of fields)body of image data
NEMA – The DICOM Standard 2016a (20 parts)http://dicom.nema.org/standard.html
DICOM Part 1: Introduction and OverviewDICOM Part 6: Data Dictionary
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 16 / 24
Medical ImagingDICOM and PACS
PACS – Picture Archiving and Communication System
Public Image Databases
Standard imagesCommercial sets (e.g. JSRT – Lung nodules)
Private Image Databases
Hospitals/ClinicsImaging Centers
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 17 / 24
Medical ImagingImage Processing
Computer Algorithms
Image IOFilteringSegmentationRegistrationAnalysis
Applications/Systems
Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD)Computer guided therapry/surgery
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 18 / 24
Medical ImagingScientific Visualization
Visualization Techniques(MPR, MIP, DRR, . . . )
Multiplanar Reconstruction
Intensity Projection
Digital Reconsctuction
Volume Rendering
Surface Reconstruction
Image Overlay
Image Fusion
Fused PET-CT Imageof Tumoral Adenopathy
(http://www.kitware.com/viscontest/medicalviswinner.html)
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 19 / 24
Medical ImagingScientific Visualization
Brain Connectivity and TumorVisualization for Radiosurgery
Computer-Assisted Pediatric Surgeryfor a Baby with Vascular Anomaly
(http://www.kitware.com/viscontest/medicalviswinner.html)
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 20 / 24
Medical ImagingSoftware and Toolkits
Open Source Toolkits
ITKInsight Toolkithttp://www.itk.org/
VTKVisualization Toolkithttp://www.vtk.org/
CMakeBuild and Testhttps://cmake.org/
Software
ITK Snap3D Image Segmentationhttp://www.itk.org/
ParaviewParallel Visualizationhttp://www.paraview.org/
Python(x,y)Scientific Developmenthttp://python-xy.github.io/
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 21 / 24
Medical ImagingPhysics
Physics Lecture Notes
Radiation and the Atom
Interaction of Radiation with Matter
X-Ray Imaging
Digital Radiography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Positron Emission Tomography
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 22 / 24
Medical ImagingPhysics
Physics Lecture Notes (cont.)
Ultrasound Physics
Ultrasonic Transducers
Ultrasound Imaging
Ultrasound Doppler
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 23 / 24
End.
(Carlos A. Vinhais) Medical Imaging March 2016 24 / 24