Media SelectionMedia Selection

Choosing the best media for the

instructional message

Objectives of the sessionObjectives of the session

Identify types of commonly used mediaIdentify types of commonly used media

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of selected mediaselected media

Identify factors affecting media selectionIdentify factors affecting media selection

Select appropriate media for delivery of Select appropriate media for delivery of instructioninstruction

Teachers Teachers of the 21of the 21stst Century Century

Students Students of the 21of the 21stst Century Century

Today’s digital kids think of information and communications technology (ICT) as something akin to oxygen. They expect it. It’s what they breathe, and it’s how they live. They use ICT to meet, play, date, and learn. It’s an integral part of their social life. It’s how they acknowledge each other and form their personal identities.(Seely-Brown, 2004)

Traditional Learning Traditional Learning 2121stst Century Learning Century Learning

SchoolingSchooling Lifelong LearningLifelong Learning

KnowingKnowing

(factual knowledge based (factual knowledge based learning)learning)

UnderstandingUnderstanding

Broadcast/ Teacher centred / Broadcast/ Teacher centred / Transmission model/passive Transmission model/passive learninglearning

Constructivist / student Constructivist / student centred L/ information centred L/ information

exchange/ active learningexchange/ active learning

Single sense stimulation / Single sense stimulation / single mediasingle media

Multi-sensory stimulation / Multi-sensory stimulation / multimediamultimedia

Traditional Content /Traditional Content /

isolated, artificial contextisolated, artificial contextContemporary Content/Contemporary Content/

real world, authentic contextreal world, authentic context

Learning Tech Skills / Learning Tech Skills / individual work/individual work/

Developing 21Developing 21stst Century Century Skills / Skills /

collaborative work / critical collaborative work / critical thinkingthinking

Instructional Media – Instructional Media – The BasicsThe Basics

Instructional media carry messages with an Instructional media carry messages with an instructional purpose.instructional purpose.

The design of the message and the quality of The design of the message and the quality of teacher-learner interactions, not the medium, teacher-learner interactions, not the medium, are what influences learning effectiveness are what influences learning effectiveness

No one medium is capable of presenting all the No one medium is capable of presenting all the required learning stimuli, so use a multimedia required learning stimuli, so use a multimedia approach. approach.

Types of Instructional Types of Instructional MediaMedia

AudioAudio Audio/VisualAudio/Visual visualvisual Tactile/Kinaesthetic

Tactile/Kinaesthetic

Teacher’s voice Audio cassettes Audio CDs Radio

video multimedia CDs DVDs PowerPoint Internet

chalkboards white boards flannel boards magnetic boards objects / models pictures charts / diagrams photographs text OH transparencies slides / silent films

working models equipment simulators interactive software

Classified according to sensory channels.

Advantages and Advantages and Disadvantages Disadvantages of the Media of the Media

AudioAudio Audio/VisualAudio/Visual visualvisual Tactile/Kinaesthetic

Tactile/Kinaesthetic

Advantages Inexpensive Easy to create Easy to duplicate Very Accessible

Disadvantages May not be interactive No visual stimulus

Advantages Very effective for introducing, summarizing and reviewing concepts Can be used as a motivational tool meets needs of students with different learning styles Complex or abstract concepts can be illustrated

Disadvantages Passive learning may take place if not interactive

Advantages Individualized learning Motivational Interactive Great for children who need concrete representations Provides hands-on, real life experiences

Factors Affecting Media Factors Affecting Media SelectionSelection

There are many media selection models and There are many media selection models and approaches (e.g. Romiszowski)approaches (e.g. Romiszowski)

The basis of media selection models are the The basis of media selection models are the factors affecting media choice. factors affecting media choice.

These factors include… These factors include…

Factors Affecting Media Factors Affecting Media SelectionSelection

instructional methodinstructional method type of learning task (objectives)type of learning task (objectives) subject matter and required student performancesubject matter and required student performance learner characteristics (learning style, skills)learner characteristics (learning style, skills) target population – location, sizetarget population – location, size teachers’ attitudes/preferences, skills etc.teachers’ attitudes/preferences, skills etc. physical attributes of the media (sensory channels)physical attributes of the media (sensory channels) teaching space, lighting, facilities (physical environment)teaching space, lighting, facilities (physical environment) practical constraints – economic (money) and practical constraints – economic (money) and

administrative time , what’s availableadministrative time , what’s available

When Should I Select When Should I Select ? ?

listening skills

differentiation of sounds

stimulation of the imagination

re-telling

Music or music appreciation

Caution

• risk of misinterpretation

• difficult for young children

AudioAudio

Teacher’s voice Audio cassettes Audio CDs Radio

When Should I Select When Should I Select ? ?

demonstration

problem solving

contrived experiences (realism and immediacy)

To present information

Caution

• Excess stimuli can hinder

• Audio and visual channels should be mutually supportive. They should not compete.

Visual &Visual &

• chalkboards• white boards• flannel boards• magnetic boards• objects / models• pictures • charts / diagrams• photographs• text• OH transparencies• slides / silent films

Audio/Visual

Audio/Visual

video television multimedia CDs DVDs PowerPoint Internet

Next

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 8070

Round 75 to the nearest

ten.

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 8070

75 rounds to 80 because 5 or more rounds to the next

tens digit.

back

CompareCompare

Compare 114 and 346

1 1 4

Hundreds Tens Ones

3 4 6

Hundreds Tens Ones

114 114 336336

back

2. During practice Mark tried ten foul 2. During practice Mark tried ten foul shots. He hit six. Write fractions that shots. He hit six. Write fractions that

represents the number of shots Mark hit represents the number of shots Mark hit and the number of shots Mark missed.and the number of shots Mark missed.

Step 1: Illustrate the Step 1: Illustrate the ProblemProblem

HIT6 out of 10

MISSED4 out of 10

6/10 4/10

Step 2: Solve the Problem

back

Using video in the Using video in the classroomclassroom

back

When Should I Select When Should I Select ? ?

To introduce a lesson or To introduce a lesson or topictopic

When it is convenient to When it is convenient to use the real thinguse the real thing

When manipulating When manipulating objects can better explain objects can better explain the principle being taughtthe principle being taught

Tactile/Kinaesthetic

Tactile/Kinaesthetic

working models equipment simulators interactive software

Convergence of Convergence of technologiestechnologies

Driving this convergence is the Driving this convergence is the powerful discovery that all powerful discovery that all information – sound, pictures, data – information – sound, pictures, data – can be converted into digital format can be converted into digital format (ones and zeroes) and reincarnated (ones and zeroes) and reincarnated intact somewhere else.intact somewhere else.

Computer technologies facilitate the combination of different media.

And Finally…And Finally…

Media can become effective learning resources if what is selected is relevant to the task, and provides experiences which are different from other available material.

(Adapted from Bates, 1984)