Media

Division of media

T e le v is ion R a d io N e w sp a p ers , m a g az in es

M e d ia

Introduction

Television viewing: 3.5 hours/day (including videotapes)

97+% of Britain’s households: ownership of a color television

73%: ownership of a videocassette recorder (VCR)

A radio/home 70%: listening to radio on a daily basis.

UK Television

1 The BBC networks2 The commercial networks3 Cable4 Digital5 Teletext and interactive services

6 Regulation

British National broadcasters:Public broadcasting

BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)

2 national television channels (with national and regional sub-divisions)

5 national radio stations Cable and digital TV channels 40+ local radio stations Global enterprises in both television and radio, & a broadcast

monitoring service Europe's most visited content web site

BBC

Channels: BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Three, BBC Four, CBBC, CBeebies, BBC News 24 and BBC Parliament

Platform: digital (all) & analogue (BBC 1 & BBC 2)

Fund: television licence (also P242)Global broadcasting: BBC World, BBC

Food and BBC Prime

British National broadcasters: Private broadcasting

Independent Television ITV (the Channel 3 companies): 15 regionally based franchisees — local and national (network) services; GMTV—a breakfast network service; 2 companies—Carlton and Granada (12 franchises)

Channel 4: hybrid public service, minority interest service; revenue—advertising sales (Wales, Sianel Pedwar Cymru [S4C])

Channel 5: A fifth terrestrial channel: April 1997; a commercial operation carrying advertising

The main channels

BBC 1 - since 1936, general interest programmes. BBC 2 - minority and specialist interests. ITV – (Channel 3 since 1955) approximately 33%

informative and 66% light entertainment. Channel 4 - since 1982, 15% educational programmes,

encourages innovation and experiment. Channel 5 – since 1997

The content of BBC1-BBC2 programming for 2002-2003

BBC1 BBC2 News 570 h. 100 h. Current affairs 80 h. 230 h. Drama Comedy Entertainment Arts and music 200 h. Factual 500 h. Learning Sport 430 h. Religion 80-120 h. 20 h. Events Children’s – 400 h. 100 h.

10 Greatest British TV programmes Fawlty Towers BBC2 1975-1979 Cathy Come Home (The Wednesday Play) BBC1 1966 Doctor Who BBC1 1963-1989, 1996, 2005- The Naked Civil Servant ITV 1975 Monty Python's Flying Circus BBC2 1969-1974 Blue Peter BBC1 1958- Boys from the Blackstuff BBC2 1982 Parkinson BBC1/ITV 1971-1982, 1998-2007 Yes Minister / Yes, Prime Minister BBC2 1980-1988

Brideshead Revisited ITV 1981

Who Regulates BBC & ITV?

Before 29 December 2003: The Broadcasting Standards Commission

After: Ofcom, the Office of CommunicationsOfcom: programme content and quality;

code of conduct for advertisersBBC: self-regulating; but also under the

influence of Ofcom

Basic Principles for BroadcastingWhat should they be?

The Broadcasting Act 1990: standards of decency, accuracy in news coverage, and balanced presentations of controversial topics, encouraging more competition

The Broadcasting Act 1996: new digital technologies in broadcasting

Basic Principles for Broadcasting

Impartial and neutral in dealing with social and political affairs (p244)

Entertaining, informing and educating the nation ( p250 )

In one evening of visual and emotional splendor, he educated, enlightened and entertained us all. In doing so, Zhang secured himself a place in world history. (by Steven Spielberg)

Radio

The BBC national radio networksBBC World Service RadioIndependent national radio services

(classical music, rock music, and talk radio), 240+ independent local radio services

Type of station

Analogue MW (AM)

Analogue FM (VHF)

Total analogue1

DAB Digital Radio

Total analogue and DAB1

Local commercial

59 213 2722 159 289

UK-wide commercial

2 1 3 8 8

BBC UK-wide networks

1 4 5 11 11

BBC Local and Nations

36 46 46 32 46

Total 98 264 326 210 354

The most popular British radio stations Clare FM Anna Livia Live 95 Welsh Radio International Imperial College radio Capital FM BBC Radio 2

The Press

Introduction (P257)

The 18th and 19th centuries: industrialisation

The 18th century: newspaper readership -- the upper

classes and wealthier sections of the middle class

a great deal of govern-mental controlThe French Revolution (1789): ideas

of social reform and social justiceThe Trade Unions

Types of Newspapers -- Range

10 major national dailies papers + 10 major Sunday papers + 2,000 smaller weeklies

Also: Provincial Mornings , Local Evenings, Local weeklies, Political Press, Community Press, etc

Historically grouped into

mass market tabloids: (eg The Sun)middle-market tabloids (eg the Daily Mail) quality broadsheets (eg The Times)

Mass market tabloids

The Sun, Daily Star, Daily Sport Page Three Girl'StarBirds'Close link with the porno industry

Middle market tabloids

Daily Mail, Daily ExpressA very different readership - that of affluent

women Weekend supplements, sports supplementsThe Daily Mail: Right-wing agendaFormer owner Lord Northcliffe: its formula is

to give his readers a 'daily hate‘.

Quality Broadsheets—and Quality Compacts

The Times, UK’s oldest national newspaper, not the most popular

The Daily Telegraph (the Daily Torygraph) The Independent, The Guardian, The

Financial Times

Tabloid? Broadsheet?

October 2003, quality broadsheet The Independent: a compact edition - tabloid sized - along with the main broadsheet sized newspaper—sales: up by 20%

The Times: compact formNow: both exclusively available in compact

formThe Guardian: a mid-size format between

tabloid and broadsheet—the 'Berliner'

Circulation of some National Dailies

4.22

3.16

1.761.64

1.13 1.13

0.44 0.44 0.39

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

SUN MI RROR MAI L EXPRESS EXPRESS TELEGRAPHGUARDI ANTHE TI MESI NDEPENDENT

Ci rcul ati on

Tabloid? Broadsheet?

Sales: mass-market tabloids↑ 4 four times -- the broadsheets↓

‘The London Times’? Never existed (the title)

The Daily Telegraph may go tabloid. Should it?

Who Reads What? (P261) Why?

Social class Political stanceEducational backgroundPersonal concernPersonal interest

British Newspapers—political learning

The Daily Telegraph (daily quality newspaper): http://www.telegraph.co.ukThe Daily Mail (daily mid-market newspaper): http://www.dailymail.co.ukThe Financial Times (daily quality newspaper): http://www.ft.comThe Times (daily quality newspaper): http://www.timesonline.co.ukThe Sunday Times (weekly quality newspaper): http://www.sunday-times.co.ukThe Sun (daily popular newspaper): http://www.thesun.co.ukThe Independent (daily quality newspaper): http://www.independent.co.ukThe Daily Mirror (daily popular newspaper): http://www.mirror.co.ukThe Guardian (daily quality newspaper): http://www.guardian.co.uk

Conservative

Liberal-socialist

The Code of Advertising Practice

Advertising in the press has to conform to certain standards of the Code of Advertising Practice.

The Code’s basic principles require adverts to be:

legal , honest and truthful to observe a sense of responsibility to the

consumer and society to conform to the principles of fair

competition as generally accepted in business

PaparazziSnaparazzisnapshot + paparazzi

BBC article definition

-- The word 'paparazzi' is used to describe celebrity photographer

-- The term paparazzi word is derived from the name of a character called Paparazzo in Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita (1960).

-- After the movie was released, the word paparazzi became synonymous with intrusive photographers who chase the stars.

-- The word 'paparazzi' literally means 'buzzing insects'.

Citizen paparazzi, cameraphone paparazzi—their power

Anyone, anytime, anywhere "Armed with cameraphones, any ordinary Joe

can become a paparazzo. (The Guardian) where cameras used to be precluded Cash incentives Mounting number of pictures

(accidents, robberies, etc.) Snappies, Nokia Nazis

Platform usage

http://www.mediauk.com/the_knowledge/i.muk/An_introduction_to_UK_television

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Greatest_British_Television_Programmes

http://www.mediauk.com/the_knowledge/i.muk/An_introduction_to_radio_in_the_UK

http://www.mediauk.com/the_knowledge/i.muk/An_introduction_to_newspapers_in_the_UK

http://www.textually.org/picturephoning/archives/cat_paparazzi.htm