Confidential

“MECS SULFOX”High Energy Efficient Sulfuric Acid Process Technology for cleaning up

Lean & Wet Sulfurous Off-gasses

Sulphuric Acid Conference4–6 MAY 2009

SUN CITY, SOUTH AFRICA

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Today’s Topics

MECS IntroductionOverview Processes around the sulfur moleculeSULFOX description & it applicationsBenefits

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MECS Intro

Sulfuric Acid Plants

Process Technologies

Sulfur Recovery –Tail gas cleanup

Products & Engineered Equipment

Know-HowPeople

The leading EXPERT for dealing with SULFUROUS GASSES

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Alkaline scrubbers

Regenerative Absorption

Wet gas process (Sulfox)

Conventional Sulfuric Process

SO2 in Gas stream (% Vol)

0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10

SO2 removal

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MECS has created a unique offering One consolidated approach:

Conventional acid plantWet ProcessSO2 regenerative systemDynaWave scrubbers

SO2 removal

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Wet Process Chemistry

(SO2 + 1/2 O2) y → y. SO3 → y. H2SO4

+ x(H2O) + x(H2O) + (x-y) (H2O)

Catalyst

Evaporation isrequired to make concentrated acid …

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What is SULFOX ?

A Technology for: cleaning upwet “sulfur containing” offgaswith production of a valuable product as Sulfuric Acid

Applications (anywhere SO2, H2S, CS2,… is present):Petrochemical (gasification)RefineryNatural Gas productionWaste Management (gasification or burning)Mining & Roasting industryViscose industry

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SULFOX Basic Flow Diagram

WESP + A.C.Condensationcolumn

Clean Stack (incl. excess water)

H2SO4 (l)

-200°C

H2SO4 (g)~250°C

~70°C

V2O5

Catalyst

-150°C

V2O5

SO2 ~370°C

Square Reactor(Converter)

Demin.water

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SULFOX

A Process Technology (know-how), including equipment & layout design, for converting sulfurous gas components into Sulfuric Acid, via a sequence of following main equipment, or parts of:

1. Square reactor (=converter): using Pt and vanadium based catalyst & with internal heat exchangers using molten salt, to convert the sulfurous components to SO3

2. Condenser: with special lining, with horizontal glass HEX tubes for acid condensation, and an acid concentration section (packed section)

3. WESP: to capture the acid mist and partly oxidize the remaining SO2

4. Activated Carbon Bed Filter: to partly oxidize the remaining SO2and wash out the SO3 as weak acid.

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SULFOX Applications - Basic Flow Scheme

1. Liquid feeds and large H2S gas feeds2. Dirty liquid or gas feeds3. All applications (converter, heat exchanger,

condenser, WESP, activated carbon)4. As required to meet low SO2 emissions (>99.5%

conversion)

Step 1Combustion

/ SteamEquipment

Step 2Gas

CleaningSystem

Step 3

SULFOX

Step 4

TailgasScrubber

MECS: Know-How DynaWave CatalystD-205 Cooler DynaWave

Application: AsRequired

AlwaysIncluded

Dirty FeedStreams

CombustionRequired

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Standard typical flow scheme – lean SO2

WEAKACID

COOLERS

EFFLUENT TONEUTRALIZATION

SYSTEM

MAKE-UPWATER

GAS TO BLOWER

PRIMARY REVERSE JET

SCRUBBER PUMPS

GAS COOLING TOWER

FINAL REVERSE JET

SCRUBBER PUMPSGAS

COOLINGTOWER PUMPS

SAFETYSEAL

FINAL REVERSE JET

SCRUBBER

PRIMARY REVERSE JET

SCRUBBERLC

FC

AIRINLEAKAGE

ELECTROSTATIC MIST

PRECIPITATOR

LCLC

COOLING WATER SUPPLY

COOLING WATER SUPPLY

FC

PC

PC

DRYESP

(BY OTHERS )

GAS FROM FURNACE

PC

123

ELECTROSTATIC MIST

PRECIPITATOR

FROM WESP(AFTER GAS CLEANING)

ACTIVATEDCARBON FILTER

21

22

26

27

TAIL GAS

CONDENSATION COLUMN,

WITH GLASS TUBEHEAT

EXCHANGER

GAS PREHEATER

GAS COOLER

MAIN BLOWER

COMBUSTION AIR

COMBUSTIONAIR FAN

FUEL GAS

MOLTEN SALT TANK

124

MOLTEN SALT PUMP

MOLTEN SALT COOLER

120

DILUTE ACID (50%) PUMP

128 DEMIN WATER

PRODUCTACID PUMP

PRODUCTACID COOLER

COOLING WATER SUPPLY

COOLING WATER SUPPLY

PRODUCT ACID

TC

WEAK ACID (10%)PUMP

TC

127 COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND

STARTUP BURNER29

24REACTOR

(CONVERTER)

25

TC

11

23

28

WEAK ACIDTANK

LC

125 126

129 130

121

122

AMBIENT AIR 1

AIR FAN WITH VFD

2

3TO ATMOSPHERE

PRODUCT ACIDTANK

LC

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SULFOX pictures

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SULFOX pictures

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SULFOX pictures

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SULFOX pictures

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Benefits of SULFOX wet gas process

SULFOX benefits:1. No liquid effluent, but a saleable product (Sulfuric Acid)2. Very Low Acid Mist Emission

— WESP

3. High SO2 conversion, so low SO2 emissions— Activated Carbon Bed

4. Reliability: Robust Mechanical Condenser Design— Horizontal short tubes (w/ interim supports)

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SULFOX Condenser advantage

~3m

ROBUST DESIGN !

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Benefits of SULFOX wet gas process

SULFOX benefits:1. No liquid effluent, but a saleable product (Sulfuric Acid)2. Very Low Acid Mist Emission

— WESP

3. High SO2 conversion, so low SO2 emissions— Activated Carbon Bed

4. Reliability: Robust Mechanical Condenser Design— Horizontal short tubes (w/ interim supports)

5. Reliable DynaWaveTM Gas cleaning6. Proven Catalyst: Use of different types of catalyst (Pt)7. MECS know-how, reputation & service in acid plants8. Very compact: low CAPEX & OPEX (low pressure drop)