Mechanical Demining Equipment Catalogue · Mechanical Demining Equipment Catalogue 2004 ... Introduction 3 Technical note 5 ... • Casspir and RG-31M 180 • Dingo 2 184

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Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining7bis, avenue de la PaixP.O. Box 1300CH - 1211 Geneva 1SwitzerlandTel. (41 22) 906 16 60, Fax (41 22) 906 16 90www.gichd.ch

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Mechanical DeminingEquipment Catalogue

2004

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© Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining

The description of the machines and the test results expressed in this catalogue are those of themanufacturers. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Geneva International Centre forHumanitarian Demining, UNMAS or the Government of Germany. The views expressed in thispublication are otherwise those of the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Deminingand do not necessarily represent those of UNMAS or the Government of Germany. The designationsemployed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression ofany opinion whatsoever on the part of UNMAS, the Government of Germany, or the GenevaInternational Centre for Humanitarian Demining concerning the legal status of any country, territoryor area, or of its authorities or armed groups, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

For further information please contact:

Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining7bis, avenue de la Paix

P.O. Box 1300CH-1211 Geneva 1

SwitzerlandTel. (41 22) 906 16 60Fax (41 22) 906 16 90

[email protected]

Mechanical Demining Equipment Catalogue 2004, GICHD, Geneva, January 2004.

ISBN 2-88487-026-1

The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) supports the efforts ofthe international community in reducing the impact of mines and unexploded ordnance(UXO). The Centre provides operational assistance, is active in research and supports theimplementation of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention.

The United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) was formed in October 1997 to serve asthe UN focal point for mine action. At the global level, it is responsible for coordinating allaspects of mine action within the UN system. At the field level, it is responsible for providingmine action assistance in the context of humanitarian emergencies and peacekeepingoperations.

The German Federal Foreign Office started to compile a list of existing mechanical deminingequipment in cooperation with UNMAS in 1998, and distributed the first edition of theHumanitarian Mine Action Equipment Catalogue in September 1999. As a result of manyrequests from the mine action community for the Catalogue, the German Federal ForeignOffice asked the GICHD to take over responsibility for updating and producing thecatalogue.

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Contents

Foreword 1

Introduction 3

Technical note 5

Section 1 - Flail systemsMini-flail• Armtrac 75 mini flail 8• Bozena-4 10• Columbia Research Corporation Mini-Flail 12• Columbia Research Corporation Small-Flail 14• Diana 40T 16• Compact 140 Minecat 18• MV-4 20Medium flail• Aardvark Mk IV 34• Armtrac 100 36• Hydrema MCV 910 (Series 2) 38• Minecat 230 40• Minemill MC 2002 42• Patria RA-140 DS 44• RM-KA 02 46• Samson 260/200 48Heavy flail• Minelifta 64• Scanjack 3500 66• Viking Mine Clearing System (VMCS) 68

Section 2 - Tiller systems• FMR 2000 78• Mine-Guzzler 80• Minebreaker 2000/2 82• Oracle 84• Rhino 86

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Acknowledgements

This report was researched and written by Lieutenant-Colonel Johannes Dirscherl,Mechanical Studies Specialist, GICHD, with support from the GICHD Study Group. Thereport was laid out for publication by Françoise Jaffré.All photographs have been provided by the respective manufacturers.

Section 3 - Combined systems• MineWolf 100• Redbus LMDS 102

Section 4 - Multi-tool systems• All-Purpose Remote Transport System (ARTS) 112• Armtrac 325 114• DEMCO System 116• HEC MAXX Mine Clearance Multi Tool V.1 118• Hitachi-Furukawa 120• MgM Rotar Mk-II 122• Pearson Minefield Tractor 124• Rotary Cutter BM 307 130• Tempest Mk IV 132

Section 5 - Vegetation cutter• BDM 48 Brusher Deminer 154• Digger D-1 156• Hydrema M1220 Light Armoured and R 1820 158• Komatsu PC 60 Vegetation Cutter 160

Section 6 - Sifter• Armtrac Sifter 170• HEC Rotar Mk-I 172

Section 7 - Mine-protected vehicles• Buffalo 178• Casspir and RG-31M 180• Dingo 2 184• Pookie 2000 LMVD 186• Wer’wolf MkII MPV 190

AppendixesA. List of manufacturers 205B. Glossary of terms 209

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Foreword

Most humanitarian mine clearance undertaken today is still carried out by manual deminersand specially trained mine detection dog (MDD) teams. Machines make a contributionto the work of these two systems, creating safer conditions and greatly speeding-up the

overall clearance process. In various forms, machines have been employed for mine clearance sincethe 1914-1918 War. Yet for many years, demining machines were the preserve of the military anduntil the advent of humanitarian demining in the late 1980s, the development of specialist vehiclesfor mine clearance had been relatively limited.As humanitarian demining gained momentum, it was assumed that machines would inject a much-needed increase in clearance rates accompanied by a higher level of safety. Thus far, this hasoccurred to a lesser extent than was expected. Today, mechanical mine clearance systems are beingemployed on an ever-increasing scale and the choice of machines on the international marketcontinues to expand slowly. However, it is widely believed that machines have not been applied toclear mines to their fullest potential.The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) has carried out an in-depthstudy of the use of machines in demining. The Study of Mechanical Application to Demining is releasedin the spring of 2004 and it is believed that the conclusions and recommendations, if pursued byboth donors and field users, could lead to a significant acceleration of the demining process.A variety of new machines have been incorporated into the 2004 issue of the Mechanical DeminingEquipment Catalogue. However, some of the machines available on the market, in particular those ofa heavier class, have been in service only sporadically or not at all during the last year. This may bean indication of a new and enhanced understanding of operational needs and cost effectiveness.Whenever available, test and evaluation reports are cited but the equipment listed in this cataloguehas not been tested or evaluated by the GICHD. Accordingly, the GICHD does not assumeresponsibility for the accuracy of information provided by the respective manufacturers and suchinformation does not necessarily represent the opinions of the GICHD.The GICHD would like to thank the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany for its generousfinancial support to this project.

Ambassador Martin DahindenDirectorGeneva International Centre forHumanitarian Demining

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Mechanical Demining Equipment Catalogue 2004

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The aim of the GICHD Mechanical Demining Equipment Catalogue is to inform the field-based mine clearance community about the choice of machines currently or potentiallyavailable on the international market. The catalogue’s succinct presentation of available

equipment seeks to help the user to choose the appropriate machine for a given task in a particularenvironment. Included are an indication of the costs involved and the level of manufacturer logisticalsupport that a programme could expect to receive for each particular machine. Contact details ofmachine producers are provided.Where possible, reference is made to the results of evaluations and tests conducted as part of thedevelopment of a particular system. Although these are not officially endorsed by the GICHD, theydo give an indication of performance. It should be borne in mind, however, that an internationalstandard for the testing and evaluation of mechanical demining equipment does not yet exist anddifferences exist in test procedures between countries and organisations.Where manufacturers have provided it, the purchase price of machines, costs of spare parts andlogistics, transportation requirements, the amount of land cleared by a system, and, in some cases,the cost per square metre of land cleared, are included in the catalogue.In certain cases, the experiences of field users with a particular machine are cited. A comparativeanalysis of machines by category is provided at the end of each section.The information set out in the catalogue is accurate as at the end of December 2003. Some of themachines are at the prototype stage or still under development. Some of the systems in the cataloguewere originally developed for military use, but they are included because they have beensubsequently adapted for humanitarian demining.Equipment developers may also benefit from the Mechanical Demining Equipment Catalogue. A cross-pollination of ideas between manufacturers is likely to occur, which should better serve deminersin the future. In the relatively young field of mechanical demining equipment, innovations andchanges in design concept are only to be expected. Although the catalogue may represent freeadvertising for the manufacturers featured, direct comparisons with their competitors should inducehealthy competition within the market, ultimately leading to improvements. Appendix A containsa list of manufacturers.The catalogue does not list every machine applicable to mine clearance worldwide. A number ofsystem producers who were approached failed to respond or to provide the minimum informationrequired. As it is unlikely that technical specifications, core design features or the number ofmachines available on the market will change significantly in the near future, it has been decidedto update the catalogue biannually following this edition.

Introduction

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In addition to this catalogue, mechanical mine clearance devices are also listed in Jane’s Mines andMine Clearance 2001-2002, the United States Department of Defense’s Humanitarian DeminingDevelopmental Technologies 2000-2001, and various websites worldwide, for example the UNMASElectronic Mine Information Network (E-MINE) database at www.mineaction.org.As a technical document, some of the terms used in the narrative may be misunderstood. To avoidthis, a short list of abbreviations is provided in the following technical note and in Appendix B.The Centre hopes that this Mechanical Demining Equipment Catalogue 2004 serves those for whom itis primarily intended — the deminers in the field. It is available in hard copy, CD-ROM, or on theGICHD website at www.gichd.ch.

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Technical notes

1. Equipment listed in the catalogue is referred to as mechanical demining equipment. TheGICHD catalogue deals solely with demining by civilian organisations, although militaryforces also use some of the equipment featured.

2. Systems using chains on a rotating drum or shaft are referred to as flails. The varying weightsof flail machines make it sensible to place them in three categories: mini-flails (up to sixtonnes); medium flails (6-20 tonnes); and heavy flails (20 tonnes or more).

3. Systems employing a heavy revolving drum fixed with steel spikes or teeth are referred to astillers. They are grouped in one category, as they are typically heavy machines.

4. To express the direction of rotation of a flail, the terms clockwise and anti-clockwise are used.As this definition depends on which side of the machine the observer is standing, the diagrambelow gives the point of reference:

5. A list of abbreviations is given in Appendix B.6. The following abbreviations are used in the text and in data sheets:

Direction of travel Direction of travelClockwise Anti-clockwise

cm centimetrescyl cylinderft feetha hectareshp horsepower

kg kilogrammeskg/cm2 kilogrammes per square

centimetrekm kilometreskm2 square kilometres

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km/h kilometres per hourl litresl/h litres per hourm2 square metresm2/h square metres per hourm3 cubic metres

mm millimetresmpg miles per gallonN newton (energy of ground strike)rpm revolutions per minute

Please note that slope inclinations are given either as a percentage or as a gradient.

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Section 1

Flail systems

Mini flail

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General descriptionThe latest Armtrac development is a lightweight system which can be used as a flail or a tiller. It hasleft the prototype stage and according to the manufacturer is ready to be fielded. The machine aimsto overcome the acknowledged limitations of tillers (weight, size, cost and mobility) while enjoyingthe advantages of flail systems (vegetation cutting, ability to withstand anti-tank mine blasts). TheArmtrac 75 is designed for the destruction of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines.This lightweight, multi-purpose tracked vehicle has a capability of clearing up to 1,800m2/h inlight soil.1 It is particularly suitable for work in boggy conditions and restricted and difficult sitesas it can turn 360 degrees without moving off its position.The machine can be operator driven or remotely controlled.Vital parts of the machine such as the cabin and engine are well protected by 10mm armour.A fork-lift bucket and a sifting bucket can easily be fixed to the telescopic boom of the machinemaking it useful for a variety of demining applications.

Working methodology54 chains or chisels (optional) rotate at a speed of 350rpm achieving a clearance depth of 300mm,1

depending on soil conditions.Of a much lighter design than other tillers, this attachment is preferred when operating in pureanti-personnel minefields.The flail attachment is supposed to be used in mined areas which are likely to contain anti-tankmines.No further information is available.

Machines in use to dateMachine is not yet fielded.

Engine, fuel and oilThe machine is equipped with a 159hp diesel engine. No special fuel or oil is required.According to the manufacturer the fuel consumption is 35l/h during operations (dependingon soil conditions).

Factory supportThe manufacturer/supplier provides spare parts during the first 12-month period.

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Most components of the machine are provided by worldwide operating companies, whichensure the availability of spare parts.The manufacturer recommends a four-week training course consisting of mechanical anddriver instruction.Manuals and documentation are part of the purchase package and available in Arabic, English,French, German and Spanish.The system is covered by a 12 month warranty and factory follow-up.

Maintenance and supportService is recommended every 250 hours.A 3m shipping container can be supplied as a workshop.Armtrac recommends that the system be run by one person, serving as operator and mechanic.

Test and evaluationThe system has only recently left the prototype stage and therefore has not yet been testedindependently.

Reported limitations and strengths

Due to a lack of independent test reports no detailed information can be provided.

LimitationDifficult to operate with precision from a longdistance (this applies to all remotely controlledmachines).

StrengthsHigh manoeuvrability.Combines flail and tiller system.The machine is lightweight.Versatility.

1. According to the manufacturer.

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General descriptionThe Bozena 4 is a remotely controlled mini flail designed to destroy anti-personnel and anti-tankmines containing up to 8.9kg of explosives and to cut low vegetation and remove tripwires. Thevehicle is remotely controlled up to a range of 5,000m either by an operator in an air-conditionedcabin placed within line of sight or in the open using a control panel of 7kg weight. The truck-mounted, air-conditioned cabin is part of the purchase package. An armoured shield is attachedbehind the flail to protect the machine from blast and flying debris. An armoured hood protects thevehicle against explosive blast. The Bozena has been designed with versatility beyond demining.Nineteen other tool attachments can be fitted to the machine for a variety of engineering tasks andhumanitarian support, such as a hydraulic hammer, drilling machine or concrete mixer. Detachmentof the flail and attachment of another tool takes approximately 20 minutes.The dimensions of the machine make it suitable for difficult-to-access areas.The machine is protected by 4mm ARMOX steel. Vital parts such as engine or hydraulic system arecovered by LEXAN armour.

Clearance methodology36 chains rotate clockwise at 350-400rpm. The average clearance depth is approximately 200mm.1

As the hardness of the soil increases, the clearance depth decreases. The speed of the machinedepends on the clearance depth selected. The design of the flail helix configuration ensures overlapof the hammers. Operator safety is ensured due to remote control of the system. However, theproblems associated with operating remotely controlled machines with precision from a distanceof more than 200m must be taken into account.

Machines in use to dateAlbania: 1 x Bozena 1Bosnia and Herzegovina: 6 x Bozena (Bozena 1 and 2) purchased by NATO SFOR (1998, 2000)and used by local entity armies.Croatia: 13 x Bozena (Bozena 1, 2, 3 and 4), with Croatian Mine Action Centre (CROMAC) andvarious local and international private demining companies working on World Bank projects.Eritrea: 9 x Bozena 2 and 4 with Slovak Army units.Kosovo: 4 x Bozena 1 — 2 with Slovakian Army KFOR units, and 2 with UNMACC mineaction projects.Lebanon: 4 x Bozena 3 operated in Operation Emirates Solidarity project.Iraq: 2 x Bozena (model 4) with Slovakian military engineering units.Northern Iraq: 9 x Bozena 2 with UN mine action projects as a part of the “Oil for Food”programmeSo far, more than 50 machines have been sold worldwide.

Bozena 4WAY Industry a.s., Slovak Republic

Bozena 4 system

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LimitationsDifficult to operate with precision fromdistances over 200m .3 (This applies to allremotely controlled machines.)Weight of the control panel (7kg).

1. Republic of Croatia, Croatian Mine Action Centre, Testing of Bozena-4 Demining Machine (test report), p. 4.2. Testing of Bozena-4 Demining Machine(test report). op. cit., p. 2.3. Testing of Bozena-4 Demining Machine(test report), op. cit.

Engine, fuel and oilThe vehicle is equipped with a Deutz diesel engine(106hp) with direct fuel injection and air-coolingsystem.Fuel consumption under working conditions isapprox. 13.5l/h2. Fuel tank capacity is 105l.130l hydraulic oil capacity (standard type used inagricultural and construction machines).

Factory supportBasic spare parts set included as part of purchasepackage.Extended spare parts kit for six months operation isoffered by WAY Industry, based on manufacturer’s experience of commonly required items,including losses.Six-month warranty. Engine (Deutz) and hydraulic system (Rexroth) are produced by well-known manufacturers with a worldwide servicing network. Spare spares can be obtained bylocal sources.Two-phase training course as part of purchase package: phase 1 approximately five days inSlovakia regarding maintenance and troubleshooting; phase 2, also approximately five days,practical training on-site. Three instructors are provided, one of whom acts as interpreter.Trainees receive instruction manual and technical notes (spare parts catalogue, etc.) in therelevant language. Also part of purchase package.A basic spare parts kit and a basic set of tools are included. Additional options can be negotiatedwith the manufacturer.

Maintenance and supportWAY Industry recommends a two-man crew: one operator and one mechanic.Depending on the number of machines in use for a particular project, WAY Industriesrecommends/offers different levels of maintenance (to be negotiated).

Tests and evaluationsThe Croatian Mine Action Centre (CROMAC) tested a Bozena 4 machine in September to November2002. Tests included PROM-1, PMR 2A, PMA 1A, PMA 2, PMA 3. During this test, 33,745m2 of groundwas flailed and the average productivity was stated as 826.41m2/h.3

Polish Armed Forces, 5 December 2002. Tests included the detonation of a TM-62P (7kg ofTNT).Military Technical and Testing Institute (VTSU, Záhorie, Slovakia). Blast protection of theoperator’s cabin was tested against the following mine types: PP Mi-SrII (fragmentation andbounding mine) and PT Mi- Ba III (AT mine, 9kg of TNT)Ethiopian Mine Action Office, 6 May 2003.Test reports can be provided by the manufacturer on request.

Bozena in operation

Reported limitations and strengths (Bozena 3)Strengths

Well-designed cooling system (no breakdowndue to overheating).3

Well-designed armoured plating ensures agood protection of vital parts, even against anti-tank mine blasts.Winch for self recovery is fitted.Transportation of the machine is simple. Easyto handle with a light low-bed trailer.Good results achieved in forest areas due tosmall size.

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General description and historyThe Mini-Flail is a remotely controlled, diesel-powered vehicle with a hydraulic drive rotatingchain flail to neutralise anti-personnel mines. The design is based on a commercial skid steer front-end loader and a radio-controlled unit. This mini flail integrates commercially available non-developmental items into a cost-effective vehicle. The vehicle is protected with armour in criticalareas to provide survivability from multiple anti-personnel mine explosions. The system has fourlift points for delivery by a helicopter capable of handling the 1,061kg (2,340lb) system weight. Twoprototype vehicles were manufactured, field tested and delivered to the U.S. Army. The Army hasused these mini flails in overseas clearing operations.Due to its size and low weight it will be suitable for mine clearance in built-up areas, forests, houseyards or difficult-to-access areas.As there are no independent test results available, working performance of the machine includingclearance depth under certain soil conditions and working speed cannot be evaluated.

Working methodologyThe Mini-Flail’s principal of operation uses chains rotating on a drum in front of a remotelycontrolled vehicle. The chains beat the ground with sufficient force to detonate or break up anti-personnel mines.1

Machines in useTwo prototype machines were manufactured by Columbia Research Corporation (CRC) for the U.S.Army and delivered in 1991. The machines have been used by the Army in mine clearing operations.

Engine fuel and oilThe vehicle uses standard diesel fuel (DF-2).The hydraulic pump that drives the flail motor is integral with the commercial vehicle anduses standard hydraulic fluid.

Factory supportThe vehicle platform is a commercial skid steer front-end loader.The flail attachment uses standard commercial components that can be readily replaced in thefield and is fully supported by CRC.

Columbia ResearchCorporation “Mini-Flail”

Columbia Research Corporation, U.S.

Prototype of the "Mini-Flail" in operation

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Maintenance and supportThe vehicle is designed to be field supportable.

Personnel familiar with small diesel engines should be able to provide the routine fieldmaintenance required.A minimum of two people are required for operation of the system. One person operates thehand-held remote control unit and another functions as an observer.Operational procedures dictate the use of actual personnel required in field operations.Workshop facilities would be a standard garage set-up for vehicle maintenance.

Test and evaluationThe Mini-Flail was tested by the Army and according to the manufacturer it can be easilycontrolled after less than an hour of practice. It was tested against live mines and improvisedexplosives typical of a limited intensity conflict.Test reports displaying trial results are not available.The Mini-Flail was certified by the U.S. Army for air transportability by the UH-1H helicopterat speeds of up to 60 knots and the UH-60 helicopter up to 100 knots.


Due to the lack of independent test reports detailed evaluation of the system is not possible.

LimitationsFor anti-personnel mine clearance only.Difficult to operate with precision from a longdistance (this applies to all remotely controlledmachines).Range of remote control panel.

StrengthsThe Mini-Flail is designed to serve as a low-cost, light weight, anti-personnel mineclearance machine.High manoeuvrability and ease of transport.


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General description and historyThe Small-Flail is planned to be a remotely controlled, diesel-powered vehicle with a hydraulicdrive rotating a chain flail to neutralise anti-personnel mines. The design is based on a commercialcompact track front-end loader equipped with radio controls and a flail attachment. The flaildevice is attached to the lift arms of the front-end loader and powered by a hydraulic motor operatingoff the vehicle’s hydraulic system. The Small-Flail integrates commercially available non-developmental items into a cost-effective vehicle and will operate similar to the proven smallerMini-Flail designed by Columbia Research Corporation. The vehicle will be protected with armourin critical areas to provide survivability from multiple anti-personnel mine explosions. The designuses components that have been fully tested, such as the flail attachment that has been tested on theMini-Flail designed and manufactured by CRC. It is planned that the new attachment will be largerand will have a more powerful drive mechanism. The Bobcat compact track front-end loader is awell-proven vehicle in the construction environment.Due to its low weight it will be likely to be suitable for mine clearance in built-up areas, forests,house yards or difficult-to-access areas. As the Small Flail is in the design phase no informationabout clearance depth, depth control or working performance is available.

Working methodologyThe Small-Flail’s principal of operation uses chains rotating on a drum in front of a remotelycontrolled vehicle. The chains are planned to beat the ground with sufficient force to detonate anti-personnel mines.

Machines in useThe Small-Flail is in the design phase.

Engine fuel and oilThe vehicle uses standard diesel fuel (DF-2).The hydraulic pump that drives the flail motor is integral with the commercial vehicle anduses standard hydraulic fluid.

Factory supportThe vehicle platform is a Bobcat compact track front-end loader. This unit is fully supported bythe manufacturer.The flail attachment uses standard commercial components that can be readily replaced in thefield and fully supported by CRC.

Columbia ResearchCorporation “Small-Flail”

Columbia Research Corporation, U.S.

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Maintenance and supportThe vehicle is designed to be field supportable. Personnel familiar with small diesel enginesshould be able to provide the routine field maintenance required.A minimum of two people would be required for operation of the system. One person wouldoperate the hand-held remote control unit and another would function as an observer.Operational procedures would dictate the use of actual personnel required in field operations.Workshop facilities would be a standard garage set-up for vehicle maintenance.

Test and evaluationThe Small-Flail is in the design phase and therefore actual test data does not exist.


LimitationsFor anti-personnel mine clearance only.Difficult to operate with precision from a longdistance (this applies to all remotely controlledmachines).Range of remote control panel.

StrengthsThe Small-Flail is designed to serve the functionof a low cost, lightweight, anti-personnel mineclearing machine.The flail attachment can be replaced withstandard construction attachments for otheruses.High manoeuvrability and ease of transport.

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General descriptionThe newly developed Diana mini flail is based on experiences since 1993 in developing deminingmachines. The system is remotely controlled up to a range of 5,000m and designed to destroy anti-personnel and anti-tank mines containing up to 8.6 kg1 of TNT. Due to its low weight the machinecan easily be airlifted or transported by low-loader or trailer. An armoured shield is attachedbehind the flail to protect vital parts of the machine from blast effects and flying debris. Its dimensionsmake the Diana suitable for operations in wooded and built-up areas. Rapidly mountable metaltracks enhance operability on moist ground and hard-to-access areas. Ten additional attachments,such as an excavator, hydraulic hammer or cultivator can be fitted to the machine for a variety ofconstruction tasks. A winch for recovery is attached to the machine and part of the purchasepackage.

Clearance methodologyAccording to the manufacturer the flail unit rotates at up to 600rpm achieving a clearance depth ofup to 200mm, depending on soil conditions. Vegetation up to a height of 3m can be effectivelytreated by the machine. The action of the flail creates a ground-strike energy of 4,000N which isconsidered to be sufficient for detonating or breaking up buried mines.The control system, basedon a 16-bit chip can be programmed to perform all functions automatically.2

Machines in use to dateThe machine is new on the open market and has not yet been fielded.

Factory supportA ready-to-use spare part package is offered for the first six months’ operation after purchase.Instruction manuals are part of the purchase package and can be provided in English orSpanish, or other languages on request.Training for operators and mechanics is provided at additional cost. The duration of trainingdepends on the operator’s skills and customer requirements.The warranty for the machine is 12 months. Servicing has to be carried out by authorised staff.

Maintenance and supportThe core parts (engine and hydraulic system) of the Diana flail system are based on commerciallyavailable components provided by world-renowned manufacturers (Perkins and Rexroth-Bosch).Servicing details have to be negotiated between the customer and the manufacturer.

Diana 40THontstav S.R.O., Slovak Republic

The flail unit of the Diana 40T

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The team running the system is recommended to consist of two operators and one mechanic.

Test and evaluationsThe machine was tested by SWEDEC in September 2003. Test reports were not provided by themanufacturer.


Due to a lack of independent test reports, no detailed evaluation of the system’s abilities can beprovided.

Limitation Difficult to operate with precision from a longdistance (this applies to all remotely controlledmachines).

Strengths Ease of transportation by a light low-bed trailer. Dimensions make it suitable for wooded areas.Winch for self recovery is fitted.

1. According to the manufacturer2. All the information contained in this paragraph has been provided by the manufacturer.

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General descriptionBased on the experiences gained from many years in humanitarian demining NoDeCo designed anew mini flail system which was close to being ready for the field (as of December 2003).The Compact 140 Minecat mini flail is remotely controlled and weighs only 2.5 tonnes, making iteasy to transport. The clearance width of 1.4m and the small size enable the machine to work wellin urban or difficult-to-access areas where larger systems cannot be operated.The Minecat has a rugged design and should be highly cost-effective as running costs for thesystem are likely to be low.The machine is equipped with three different contouring systems (free float, automatic and frontski) and the cruise control system installed is said to ensure the consistent speed even when dustreduces operator’s visibility.A GPS system is available as an option to ensure the necessary overlap of the machine passes.The Minecat is equipped with two diesel engines— one for the prime mover (18hp) and one for theflail unit (105hp).The machine is designed for clearance of anti-personnel mines only and according to themanufacturer it can easily be repaired, even after having activated an anti-vehicle mine.

Clearance methodologyThe flail unit attached to the system is powered by a 105hp engine and rotates its 48 chains atspeeds of up to 800rpm. According to the manufacturer clearance depth of 500mm can be achieved,depending on soil conditions. The system is operated from an armoured mobile tower up to a rangeof 1,000m in line of sight.

Machines in use to dateThe machine was tested by SWEDEC in 2003 and has not yet been used in live minefields.

Engine, fuel and oilThe system is equipped with two separate engines. The flail unit is powered by a 105hp Perkinsengine with a claimed fuel consumption of 4l/h. Fuel capacity is sufficient for two working shifts.

Factory supportNo information provided by the manufacturer.

Compact 140 MinecatNorwegian Demining Consortium AS (NoDeCo), Norway

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Maintenance and supportDesign features and machine components used are likely to ensure the availability of sparesworldwide and ease of maintenance. No detailed information is provided by the manufacturer.

Tests and evaluationThe machine was tested by SWEDEC in 2003. Reports are available on request from SWEDEC or themanufacturer.


Due to lack of test reports no information on clerance performance can be provided.

The Minecat armoured mobile tower

The Minecat remote control.

LimitationsFor anti-personnel mine clearance only.Difficult to operate with precision from a longdistance (this applies to all remotely controlledmachines).

StrengthsHigh manoeuvrability and ease of transport.Designed to serve as a low cost, lightweight,anti-personnel mine clearance machine.

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DOK-ING d.o.o., Croatia

General descriptionThe DOK-ING MV-4 is a mini flail designed for the destruction of anti-personnel mines. It consistsof a rotating flail followed by a roller. Depending on the customer’s requirements, the roller can bereplaced by two large supporting wheels. Skis are an extra option for operations on extremelymuddy ground. The MV-4 is produced by DOK-ING in Croatia, a company which has earned itsreputation from extensive field experience.The first model of its mini flail, the MV-1, was produced in 1996. DOK-ING mini flails were originallydesigned as mine clearance machines. The MV-4 is remotely controlled, tracked and has a workingwidth of 1,725mm. The machine can be controlled by an operator using a portable control panel, orfrom a second tracked vehicle protected by armour. The machine is small and light and is suited tomine clearance in built-up areas, forests or in other areas unsuitable for larger flails such as houseyards or wood paths. Low ground pressure makes the machine suitable for operations on wetground. The light weight of the vehicle allows for transport by small trailer. The driving engine andother vital parts of the machine are protected by armour plating.The MV series have seen service in mine clearance programmes with DOK-ING, Mechem, Gerbera,CROMAC and AKD Mungos. According to the manufacturer, the MV series have cleared 12.5million square metres during various projects between 1997 and 2003.

Clearance methodologyThe flail unit of the MV-4 rotates at up to 900rpm, achieving a ground penetration depth of up to20cm, depending on soil conditions. According to the manufacturer a specially designed systemkeeps the clearing depth constant. The system is effective against vegetation and trees up to 5cm indiameter. The action of the flail is intended to detonate or break up anti-personnel mines. A 10mmsteel shield hoods the flail unit to protect the chassis. A roller is mounted behind the flail system inorder to reduce the risk of missed ordnance.The flail unit can be rotated both forward and reverse. The machine has the ability to pass overditches 0.5m wide and 0.3m deep.

Machines in use to date25 mini flails of the MV- family have been produced since 1996. As of October 2003, 19 machineswere in service with various demining organisations and five systems were under construction,due for completion in early 2004.

MV–4 with the attached roller

MV-4

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StrengthsEasy to transport on a simple trailer.1

The small dimensions of the machine allow forflexible deployment.1

Maintenance and repair not difficult in fieldconditions.1

Remote control simple to use.Powerful engine.Well designed engine cooling system.High quality armour for vital parts of themachine.High quality steel for chains and hammers.

LimitationsDifficult to operate with precision from a longdistance (this applies to all remotely controlledmachines).

Engine, fuel and oilMV-4 is equipped with a six-cylinder Perkinsturbocharged, direct injection, water-cooleddiesel engine (165hp). No special fuel or oilis required.Fuel consumption: 8-15l/h (depending on soilconditions).

Factory supportAll spare parts are stocked and available onclient’s request.Instruction manuals available in Serbo/Croatand English.Manuals and documentation are part of thepurchase package.Training of operators and mechanics is provided by manufacturer at extra cost.Warranty and factory follow-up for 12 months in Croatia and the Balkans region. The samewarranty applies outside Europe. Additional assistance must be negotiated with DOK-ING.General support service provided by the manufacturer.Additional equipment is available: skid for muddy terrain, electric winch, protected remotecamera, and front loading bucket.

Maintenance and supportRecommended level of maintenance:• First maintenance check after 50 working hours;• Second maintenance check after 200 working hours;• Regular maintenance and repair after 200 working hours.The company recommends a two-man crew: one operator and one mechanic.

Tests and evaluationsThe MV-4 was tested by CROMAC in May 2002. CROMAC test reports are available.The Swedish military conducted comprehensive tests in Eksjö, Sweden in 2002.

1. Republic of Croatia, Croatian Mine Action Centre (CROMAC) - Testing of MV-4 mine clearing machine, Sisak, May2002.

Roller behind the flail unit.

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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 3,380mm2. Length total: 4,700mm3. Width without attachment: 1,560mm4. Width total: 2,560mm5. Clearing width: 1,800mm6. Height, overall: 1,970mm7. Mass, total: Not given

b. Driving specifications8. Wheels/ tracks: Wheels and tyre chains9. Ground pressure, max. weight: Not given10. Hill climbing ability: 45°

c. Clearance performance11. Number of chains/chiesels: 54 chains or 54 chisels

• length of chains/chiesels: chains 1m, chisels 30cm12. Gap between chains/chiesels: 10mm13. Diameter of drum: 150mm14. Rotation speed: 350rpm15. Clearance depth, max: 350mm16. Working speeda) (depending on type

and density of vegetation)• light soil/small vegetation: 1,000m/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 700m/h• heavy soil/dense vegetation: 500m/h

17. Control of clearing depth: Engine rpm18. Machines in use: 219. Other types: Armtrac 100, Armtrac 325, Armtrac sifter, Armtrac slash

buster20. Location of use: UK MOD21. Total area cleared so far: 60,000m2

d. System specifications22. Engine: Deutz 159hp23. Fuel capacity: 400l24. Fuel consumption: At full load 35l/h25. Separate engine for working unit: No26. Cooling system: Water27. Oil capacity 7l28. Hydraulic oil capacity (both engines): 300l

e. Comfort and security29. Air conditioning: Yes30. Operator comfort: Coil sprung suspension seat with 4 point harnes31. Armour: 10mm steel and 45mm glass to 7.6 at point blank range32. Remote control: Yes

• greatest distance: 7,000m

f. Costs33. Cost of system: £110,000

• training driver: 2 weeks at £2,800, mechanical training £2,800• spare parts Spare part set chains/belts spares for 3 months period

£2,50034. Transport limitation: Road speed of 30kph or truck that will carry 6 tonnes35. Availability for hire: Yes

Technical data sheet Armtrac 75 mini flail

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Technical data sheet Bozena 4a)

a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 3,857mm2. Length total: 6,052mm3. Width without attachment: 1,960mm4. Width total: 2,746mm5. Clearing width: 2,000mm6. Height, minimum: 2,145mm7. Height, overall: 2,145mm8. Mass, total: 5,800kg

b. Driving specifications9. Wheels/ tracks: Foam-filled tyres/metal tracks10. Ground pressure, max. weight: Tracks: 0.66 kg/cm²

Front wheels: 2.82kg/cm2

Rear wheels: 1.45kg/cm2

11. Hill climbing ability: Up to 35°

c. Clearance performance12. Number of chains: 36

• length of chains: 470mm13. Gap between chains: 55mm (dynamically 20mm overlap)14. Rotation speed: Up to 400rpm15. Clearance depth, max: Up to 250mm16. Working speeda) (depending on type

and density of vegetation)• light soil/ small vegetation: Approx. 1,800m²/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: Approx. 520m²/h

17. Control of clearing depth: Automatic18. Machines in use: More than 5019. Other types: Bozena 1, Bozena 2, Bozna 320. Location of use: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Eritrea, Iraq,

Kosovo, Lebanon and Sri Lanka21. Total area cleared so far: More than 15,000,000m2

d. System specifications22. Engine: Deutz BF4L913, 106hp, turbocharged diesel with direct

injection, air cooled23. Fuel capacity: 100l24. Fuel consumption: Approx. 13.5l/hb)

25. Separate engine for tilling unit: No26. Cooling system engine: Air cooled27. Oil capacity 14.5l28. Hydraulic oil capacity: 130l

e. Comfort and security29. Air conditioning: In the cabin30. Operator comfort: Armoured, air-conditioned cabin31. Armour: 4mm ARMOX steel. Vital parts are additionally protected

by LEXAN32. Remote control: Yes

• greatest distance: 5,000m (with optical visibility only)

f. Costs33. Cost of system: Subject to negotiation

• machine On customer request• training Included in the purchase package• spare parts Set chain/belts included

34. Transport limitation: The whole Bozena system can be packed in one 40ftand one 20ft container. The customer has to provide thetruck for transportation

35. Availability for hire: Yes

a) All information according to the manufacturer.b) Republic of Croatia, Croatian Mine Action Centre, Testing of Bozena-4 Demining Machine (test report),p. 2.

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Technical data sheet Columbia Mini-Flaila. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 2,350mm2. Length total: 3,073mm3. Width without attachment: 1,067mm4. Width total: 1,295mm5. Clearing width: 1,067mm6. Height, overall: 1,143mm7. Mass, total: 1,063kg

b. Driving specifications8. Wheels/ tracks: 23 x 8.50 cleat tyres, foam-filled9. Ground pressure, max. weight: 6 PSI10. Hill climbing ability: 22°


• length of chains: 14.2 in. (361mm)12. Gap between chains: 152mm13. Rotation speed: Not given14. Clearance depth, max: Not given15. Working speed

• light soil/ medium vegetation: 3.2km/h• medium soil/medium vegetation 2.4km/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 2.4km/h

16. Control of clearing depth: Not given17. Machines in use: 218. Other types: —19. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kuwait20. Total area cleared so far: Unknown

d. System specifications21. Engine: 17hp diesel22. Fuel capacity: 22.7l23. Fuel consumption: 3.9l/h (estimate)24. Separate engine for tilling unit: No25. Cooling system engine: Liquid26. Oil capacity 2.4l27. Hydraulic oil capacity: 34l

e. Comfort and security28. Air conditioning: No29. Operator comfort: N/A30. Armour: SPECTRA31. Remote control: Yes

• greatest distance: 91m

f. Costs32. Cost of system: U.S.$110,000 (estimated)

• spare parts Set chains/belt U.S.$8,500 including remote control spares33. Transport: Self-propelled and trailer deployed34. Availability for hire: No

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Technical data sheet Columbia Small-Flaila. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 2,717mm2. Length total: 3,759mm3. Width without attachment: 1,955mm4. Width total: 1,955mm5. Clearing width: 1,524mm6. Height, overall: 2,082mm7. Mass , total: 4,037kg

b. Driving specifications8. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks (449mm width)9. Ground pressure, max weight: 4.2 PSI10. Hill climbing ability: 22o


• length of chains: 361mm12. Gap between chains: 152mm13. Rotation speed: Not given14. Clearance depth, max. (planned): 203.2mm15. Working speed (planned):

• light soil/medium vegetation: 3.2km/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 2.4km/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 2.4km/h

16. Control of clearing depth: Not given17. Machines in use: Developmental18. Other types: —19. Location of use: —20. Totally area cleared so far: —

d. System specifications21. Engine: 73hp diesel22. Fuel capacity: 17.3l23. Fuel consumption: 17.3l/h (estimate)24. Separate engine for working unit: No25. Cooling system engine: Oil26. Oil capacity (both engines): 16.3l27. Hydraulic oil capacity (both engines): 49.2l

e. Comfort and security28. Air conditioning: No29. Operator confort: —30. Armour: SPECTRA/steel31. Remote control: Yes

• greatest distance: 91m

f. Costs32. Cost of system: U.S.$200,000 (estimated)33. Other costs:

• training —• spare parts Set chains/belt U.S.$12,500, including remote control

spares34. Transport: Self-propelled and trailer or flat bed truck35. Availability for hire: No

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Technical data sheet Diana 40Ta. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 3,370mm2. Length total: 5,370mm3. Width without attachment: 2,050mm4. Width total: 2,500mm5. Clearing width: 2,100mm6. Height, overall: Not given7. Mass , total: 5,150kg

b. Driving specifications8. Wheels/ tracks: 400mm9. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.32kg/cm2

10. Hill climbing ability: 30o


• length of chains: 570mm12. Gap between chains: 60mm13. Rotation speed: Up to 600rpm14. Clearance depth, max.: 200mm15. Working speed:

• light soil/medium vegetation: 4km/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 2km/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 0.8km/h

16. Control of clearing depth: Mechanically17. Machines in use: Machine is not yet fielded18. Other types: —19. Location of use: —20. Totally area cleared so far: —

d. System specifications21. Engine: Perkins 1104C-E44T22. Fuel capacity: 70l23. Fuel consumption: 6l/h (estimated)24. Separate engine for working unit: Not given25. Cooling system engine: Water cooled26. Oil capacity: 8l27. Hydraulic oil capacity: 67l

e. Comfort and security28. Air conditioning: In the control vehicle29. Operator confort: After set-up the system works in semi-automatic mode30. Armour: Not given31. Remote control: CSD T2 type

• greatest distance: 5,000m (with optical visibility only)

f. Costs32. Cost of system: €150,00033. Other costs:

• training €2,500• spare parts €5,560/year

34. Transport: On a special trailer, air transportable35. Availability for hire: Yes

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Technical data sheet Compact 140 Minecata. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 2,400mm2. Length total: 3,600mm3. Width without attachment: 1,060mm4. Width total: 1,770mm5. Clearing width: 1,400mm6. Height, overall: 1,480mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 1,700kg8. Mass, detachable unit(s): 800kg9. Mass, overall: 2,500kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Rubber tracks11. Ground pressure: 0.38kg/cm2

12. Hill climbing ability: 25o transport, 20o operational


• Length of chains: 520mm14. Diametre of drum: 1,300mm incl. chains15. Rotation speed: 350-800rpm16. Clearance depth, max.: 500mm17. Working speed: 0.2-2.5km/h

• light soil/ meidumvegetation: 0.5-2.5km/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 0.2-1.5km/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 0.2-1.0km/h

18. Control of clearing depth: Manual/automatic19. Machines in use: 1 prototype completed all tests20. Other types: —21. Location of use: Norway, Sweden22. Totally area cleared so far: Approximately 50,000m²

d. System specifications23. Engine: 2 (104hp + 18hp)24. Fuel capacity: 70l25. Fuel consumption: 4l/h26. Separate engine for tilling unit: Yes, Perkins (104hp)27. Cooling system engine: Fluid-cooled via radiator and fan28. Oil capacity (both engines): 5 + 11l29. Hydraulic oil capacity (both engines): 24 + 40l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes, in mobile tower (armoured)31. Operator confort: Very good - mobile tower (armoured)32. Armour: Yes, variable in thickness33. Remote control: Yes, two-way radio


f. Costs34. Cost of system:

• machine —• training —• spare parts —

35. Transport: Helicopter (inside/under), any suitable trailer, truck,container

36. Availability for hire: To be discussed

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Technical data sheet MV-4a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 2,950mm2. Length total: 4,6110-5,360mm3. Width without attachment: 1,540mm4. Width total: 2,080mm5. Clearing width: 1,725mm6. Height, minimum: Not given7. Height, overall: 1,400mm8. Mass , total: 5,150kg (without fuel and lubricants)

b. Driving specifications9. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks (300mm width)10. Ground pressure, max weight: Between 0.41-0.43kg/cm², depending on terrain

configuration11. Hill climbing ability: Clearance of transverse slopes of 35o up and down;

clearance of longitudinal slopes of 20o; driving onlongitudinal slopes of 35o


• Length of chains: 320mm - chains with hammer; 115mm - single hammer13. Gap between chains: 45/15mm (static/dynamic)14. Rotation speed: Up to 900rpm15. Clearance depth, max.: Up to 200mm16. Working speed:

• light soil/ small vegetation: 1,500-2,000m²/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 1,000–1,200m²/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 500-800m²/h

17. Control of clearing depth: Automatic (electronic)18. Machines in use: 1619. Other types: 6 (MV-1; MV-2; MV-3)20. Location of use: Albania (planned) Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,

Democratic Republic of Congo, Iraq, and Sweden21. Totally area cleared so far: Approximately 12,000,000m²

d. System specifications22. Engine: Perkins 1066-60TW; 6 cylinder in line; turbocharged diesel;

4-stroke; direct injection; water cooled; 199.5kw or123.5kw

23. Fuel capacity: 70l24. Fuel consumption: 10-15l/h25. Separate engine for tilling unit: No26. Cooling system engine: Water27. Oil capacity: 15l28. Hydraulic oil capacity: 178l

e. Comfort and security29. Air conditioning: No30. Operator confort: Remote control31. Armour: 8-10mm steel armour plates32. Remote control: Yes



• machine €250,000• training Training course takes one week both for operators and

mechanics• spare parts Basic spare parts set •5,684. Other options available on

customer's request.34. Transport limitation: No . Air transportable on a C-130, IL-76 or similar cargo

aircraft. MV-4 can be transported on a low-bed vehicleor an ordinary truck.

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Bozena

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 3,380mm 3,857mm2. Length total: 4,700mm 6,052mm3. Width without attachment: 1,560m 1,960mm4. Width total: 2,560mm 2,746mm5. Clearing width: 1,800mm 2,000mm6. Height, minimum: 2,145mm7. Height, overall: 1,970mm 2,145mm8. Mass, total: Not given 5,800kg

b. Driving specifications9. Wheels/ tracks: Wheels and tyre chains Foam filled tyres/ metal tracks10. Ground pressure, max. weight: Not given Tracks 0.66 kg/cm²

Front wheels: 2.82kg/cm2

Rear wheels: 1.46kg/cm2

11. Hill climbing ability: 45° Up to 35°

c. Clearance performance12. Number of chains: 54 chains or 54 chisels 36

• length of chains: chains 1m; chiesels 30cm 470mm13. Gap between chains: 10mm 55mm (dynamically 20mm overlap)14. Rotation speed: 350rpm Up to 400rpm15. Clearance depth, max: 350mm Up to 250mm16. Working speed

• light soil/small vegetation: 1,000m/h Approx. 1,800m²/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 700m/h —• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 500m/h Approx. 520m²/h

17. Control of clearing depth: Engine rpm Automatic18. Machines in use: 2 More than 5019. Other types: Armtrac 100, 325, sifter, slash buster Bozena 1, Bozena 2, Bozena 320. Location of use: UK MOD Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Croatia, Eritrea, Iraq, Kosovo,Lebanon, and Sri Lanka

21. Total area cleared so far: 60,000m2 More than 15,000,000m2

d. System specifications22. Engine: Deutz 159hp Deutz BF4L913, 106hp23. Fuel capacity: 400l 100l24. Fuel consumption: At full load 35l/h Max. 8.2l/h25. Separate engine for tilling unit: No No26. Cooling system engine: Water Air cooled27. Oil capacity 7l 14.5l28. Hydraulic oil capacity: 300l 130l

e. Comfort and security29. Air conditioning: Yes In the cabin30. Operator comfort: Coil sprung suspension seat Armoured, air-conditioned cabin31. Armour: 10mm steel and 45mm glass to 4mm ARMOX steel. Vial parts are

7.6 at point blank range protected by LEXAN32. Remote control: Yes Yes

• greatest distance: 7,000m 5,000m (with optical visibility only)

f. Costs33. Cost of system: Subject to negotiation

• machine £110,000 On customer request• training driver: 2 weeks at £2,800, Included in the purchase

mechanical training £2,800 package• spare parts For 3 months period £2,500 Set chain/belts included

34. Transport limitation: Road speed of 30kph or truck Can be packed in one 40ft andthat will carry 6 tonnes and one 20ft container. The

customer has to provide thetruck for transportation.

35. Availability for hire: Yes Yes

Armtrac 75 mini flail

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2,350mm 2,717mm 3,370mm3,073mm 3,759mm 5,370mm1,067mm 1,955mm 2,050mm1,295mm 1,52mm 2,500mm1,067mm 2,000mm 2,100mmNot given — Not given1,143mm 2,082mm —1,063kg 4,037kg 5,150kg

23 x 8.50 cleat tyres, foam-filled Tracks, 499mm in width 400mm6PSI 4.2 PSI 0.32kg/cm²

22° 22° 30°

72 108 40361mm 361mm 570mm152mm 152mm 60mmNot given Not given Up to 600rpmNot given 203.2mm 200mm

3.2km/h 3.2km/h 4km/h2.4km/h 2.4km/h 2km/h2.4km/h 2.4km/h 0.8km/hNot given Not given Mechanically2 — Machine is not yet fielded— — —Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kuwait — —

Unknown — —

17hp diesel 73hp diesel Perkins 1104C-E44T22.7l 17.3l 70l3.9l/h (estimated) 17.3l/h (estimate) 6l/hNo No Not givenLiquid Oil Water cooled2.4l (both engines) 16.3l (both engines) 8l34l (both engines) 49.2l (both engines) 67l

No No In the control vehicle— — After set up the system works in semi-

automatic modeSPECTRA SPECTRA steel Not given

Yes Yes Yes, CSD T2 type91m 91m 5,000m (with optical visibility only)

U.S.$200,000 (estimated) €150,000U.S.$110,000 On customer requestTraining course takes one week Included in the purchase €2,500both for operators and mechanics packageSet chains/belt U.S.$8,500, incl. set chains/belts U.S.$12,500 incl. €5,560/yearremote control remote control sparesSelf-propelled and trailer deployed Self-propelled and trailer or flat On a special trailer, air transportable

bed truck

No Availability for hire: No Yes

Columbia Small-Flail Diana T40Columbia Mini-Flail

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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 2,400mm 2,950mm2. Length total: 3,600mm 4,610-5,300mm3. Width without attachment: 1,060mm 1,540mm4. Width total: 1,770mm 2,000mm5. Clearing width: 1,400mm 1,725mm6. Height, minimum: — Not given7. Height, overall: 1,480mm 1,4008. Mass, total: 2,500kg 5,150kg (without fuel and lub.)

b. Driving specifications9. Wheels/ tracks: Rubber tracks Tracks 300mm10. Ground pressure, max. weight: 0.38kg/cm2 Between 0.41-0.43kg/cm²11. Hill climbing ability: 25° transport, 20° operational Clearance of transverse slopes of

35°, driving on transverse slopes of50-80 up and down, clearance oflongitudinal slopes of 20°; driving onlongitudinal slopes of 35°

c. Clearance performance12. Number of chains: 48 32

• length of chains: 520mm 300mm with hammer, 155mm withsingle hammer

13. Gap between chains: diam. of drum 1,300mm incl. chains 45/15mm14. Rotation speed: 350-800rpm Up to 900rpm15. Clearance depth, max: 500mm Up to 200mm16. Working speed 0.2-2.5km/h

• light soil/ small vegetation: 0.5-2.5m/h 1,500-2,000m2/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 0.2-1.5km/h 1,000-1,200m2/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 02-1.0km/h 500-800m2/h

17. Control of clearing depth: Manual/automatic Automatic (electronic)18. Machines in use: 1 prototype 1619. Other types: — 6 (MV-1, MV-2, MV-3)20. Location of use: Norway, Sweden Albania (planned), Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Croatia, DRC, Iraq 21.Total area cleared so far: approx. 50,000m2 approx. 12,000,000m2

d. System specifications22. Engine: 2 (105hp + 18hp) Perkins 1006-60TW, 6 cylinder in line,

turbocharged diesel, 4-stroke, directinjection, water cooled

23. Fuel capacity: 70l 70l24. Fuel consumption: 4l/h 10-15l/h25. Separate engine for tilling unit: Yes, Perkins (104hp) No26. Cooling system engine: Fluid cooled via radiator and fan Water cooled27. Oil capacity 5 + 11l 15l28. Hydraulic oil capacity: 24 + 40l 178l

e. Comfort and security29. Air conditioning: Yes, in mobile tower No30. Operator comfort: Not given Remote control31. Armour: Yes, variable in thickness 8mm steel armour plates32. Remote control: Yes, two-way radio Yes

• greatest distance: 1,000m 1,500m


• machine — €250,000• training — Training course takes one week• spare parts — basic set •5,864. Other options on

customer's request34. Transport limitation: Helicopter, truck, trailer, container Transportable by air, transportable

on low-bed vehicle or truck35. Availability for hire: To be discussed Yes

MV-4Compact 140 Minecat


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Medium flail

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Aardvark Mk IVAardvark Clear Mine Ltd , United Kingdom

General descriptionThe Aardvark system is probably one of the most commonly used mechanical mine clearancevehicles in the world. The Aardvark was first developed in 1985 and since then some 200 machinesof all variants have been sold. The latest model is the Aardvark Mk IV, which has been in productionsince 2001.The Aardvark Mk IV is a chain flail system designed to destroy anti-personnel and anti-tank mineswhile cutting vegetation.The machine uses a half-track platform giving it greater traction and stability in difficult terrain.Wheels can replace the tracks if the machine is required to transport itself. If the vehicle must moveto a new location over a longer distance, it is better to transport it by low-loader.Power to operate the flail is derived from the vehicle engine. The Mk IV is controlled by one or twooperators seated in a fully armoured cab. The steering control (dual steering) can be switchedbetween operators. The steering system is designed to limit operator visibility problems owing todust. The belly armour is angled for maximum blast deflection. Protective glass around the cab isstrengthened with an internal polycarbonate liner and an external steel mesh.

Clearance methodologyDuring clearance operations, the vehicle moves rear-end first into a suspect area. The flail componenthas an expected clearance width of 3m to a maximum ground penetration depth of 500mm. Theground penetration depth is adjusted by an automatic contouring and depth control system, whichcan be overridden by the operator.The system is designed to clear vegetation of up to 150mm trunk diameter.The flail drum rotates anti-clockwise up to a speed of 305rpm. The manufacturer states that the flailunit will detonate or break up mines.

Machines in use to dateAt present 160 Mk III and 15 Mk IV machines are in use in 26 countries.1

Aardvark has sold many vehicles to the international military community. Recipients includeFrance, Italy, Jordan, Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, the U.K. and the U.S. (Air Force,Army and Marines).

Engine, fuel and oilThe Aardvark has a single 165hp turbo-charged engine using standard diesel fuel.Oil used in the engine and hydraulic systems is of a standard type used by agricultural machinesfound throughout the world.Reference tables are supplied for all major oil suppliers recommended by the engine/transmission manufacturers.

Surface aftet treatment by the Aardvark Mk IV

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ilReported limitations and strengths

LimitationsSystem creates huge dust clouds. Visibility canbecome difficult for the operator.2

StrengthsThe Aardvark Mk IV is a mature product andincorporates all the lessons learned from 16years of operation.Simple mechanism. Spare parts readilyavailable.Air transportable when the flail and the air filterare removed.High degree of operator safety.Good manoeuvrability.

1. According to the manufacturer.2. United States Army, Communications- Electronic Command Research, Development and Engineering Centre,Fort Belvoir, Virginia, Capabilities Demonstration Test Report, January 2002.

Factory supportAardvark provides after-sales support to its customers. Manuals covering operation, maintenanceand spare parts are supplied in English as part of the sales package. Translation into the customer’slanguage is possible if required.A large parts inventory is maintained at the factory and spare parts can be shipped at short notice.The warranty covers one year from the date of delivery to final destination.Aardvark recommends a minimum one-month training for users provided at a location chosenby the customer.The company offers to provide any other support that the customer needs including personnelfor extended operations, maintenance packages, etc.

Maintenance and supportRegular maintenance periods are required comprising daily, weekly and monthly checks aslaid down in the operating procedures.The company recommends a two-man crew to operate the vehicle.Aardvark claims that no special workshop facilities are required. According to themanufacturer, the machine is designed to be field-repairable.The British Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) stated that a lot of effort hasgone into making the Mk IV more maintenance-friendly.The flail is mechanically driven, potentially making maintenance easier than with hydraulicsystems.Preventive maintenance checks and servicing takes a maximum of 45 minutes to completewith two mechanics.

Tests and evaluationsDue to its time in the business and wide distribution, Aardvark is probably one of the mosttested mine clearance machines on the market.1

In 1999, the Dutch Army carried out a series of tests to determine the safety of the control cab forthe operator on a Mk III. Using a fully-instrumented dummy in the cab, a series of eight anti-tank mines and other ordnance items were control-detonated under and around the vehicle.No “injuries” to the test dummy were reported. The MK IV cab structure is identical to that ofthe MK III.The Mk IV was tested at DERA Bagshot test track on 26-30 July 2000. The trials included awater obstacle test. DERA stated that the Mk IV cleared all surrogate model mines in its pathand is a valuable asset when used in the right environment and under appropriatecircumstances.2

United States Army, Communications - Electronic Command Research, Development andEngineering Center, Fort Belvoir, carried out an intensive capabilities demonstration in October2001.

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Armtrac Ltd., United Kingdom

Armtrac 100

General descriptionArmtrac Limited produces the Armtrac 100, a medium flail system based on a New Holland tractorfitted with 10mm armour around the driver’s cab, 45mm toughened glass (polycarbonate/glasslaminate) and 6mm of armour protecting the chassis. The vehicle has a 165hp engine, front steering4 x 4 with foam-fill tyres. It has a top road speed of 45km/h. A creep gearbox is incorporated intothe system for the most difficult driving conditions, complete with a 16 x 16-electro shift for fast andeasy gear changes. The Armtrac 100 can climb and flail slopes of up to 45°1 and clear flat areas ata rate of 1,600m2/h.1 During a tilt test, the machine lost balance on a 20° side-slope. The averageclearance rate recorded was reduced to 600m2/h.2 The flail can remain attached at full road speed,or detached from the tractor in around five minutes.The flail rotors are designed to withstand anti-personnel and anti-tank mine blasts. The tractor isfitted with a winch to enable self-recovery without the need for support vehicles. The Armtrac 100has a power-take-off (PTO) shaft and a three-point linkage at the front and rear. The Mine Sift andSeparation System produced by the manufacturer can be fitted to the rear of the tractor. Any otherequipment driven by a PTO shaft (e.g. portable welders, electrical generating plants, etc.) can alsobe fitted. The flail is mounted to the front PTO shaft of the tractor. It has an extended blast plate withspring-loaded plates at the top. These are designed to prevent debris being thrown over a wide areaduring flailing. They open to allow blast pressure to dissipate thereby minimising damage to thevehicle.The minimum turning circle of the machine is 13.87m (on tarmac, left-hand lock, rear wheel braked).Due to the flail system and the deflector plates in front, driver visibility during transit is restrictedto approximately 72m ahead.Consideration should be given to the fact that approximately 65 per cent of the load distribution ison the front axle (with flail attached).

Clearance methodologyThe overall width of the vehicle is 2.64m, with a working width of 2.08m. The rotor operates at upto 350rpm clockwise and clears ground to a depth of up to 200mm. During QinetiQ tests, the flailhad a good clearance performance down to 100mm ground penetration depth over all terrain typestested. Performance degraded when mines were buried at depths of 150 and 200mm.3 In operationalmode, the special gearbox on the vehicle propels the machine at 0.3km/h. Each chain on the flailhas a hardened steel hammer attached to the end in order to cause detonation or break-up of mines.Clearance depth adjustment is controlled manually by the operator.

Armtrac 100

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StrengthsA lightweight flail system that can withstandanti-tank mine blast under the flail unit.The Armtrac 100 showed good vegetationcutting ability.The machine has a high ground clearance (atleast 43cm under the front hitch).

LimitationsFor transportation over longer distances, a 40mlow-bed trailer is required.The approach angle is 22.5° with the mountedflail system.The engine power is not sufficient for an overallclearance depth of 20cm in all types of soil.The tools at the end of the chains should beredesigned for more clearance efficiency. Theflail causes ridges particularly in wet clay.

· Although the 4 x 4 transmission provides goodtraction, the weight of the flail unit and armourtends to cause the wheels to sink on soft terrain,particularly the front wheels.

Machines in use to dateMachines have been sold to G3 Systems, European Landmine Solutions and ExplorationLogistics (Mineclear/Minetech).Two machines are currently working: in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Mozambique.

Engine, fuel and oilThe tractor has a diesel engine with an average consumption of 50l/h while operating the flail.

Factory supportThe Armtrac 100 is based on a New Holland tractor. New Holland parts are availableworldwide.At extra cost, a recommended basic spare parts kit is supplied by the manufacturer.The manufacturer supplies special parts unlikely to be found locally.

Maintenance and supportWeekly basic greasing and oil level checks, etc. by driver/operator.Full service required every 300 hours by personnel trained by the manufacturer.

Tests and evaluationsQinetiQ (formerly DERA) tested the Armtrac 100 in February 2002. The test report of 88 pagesis available at the GICHD (hard copy only). The most important results are included in thisextract.During the test, the Armtrac 100 flail had to clear test lanes containing 174 test mines laid to adepth of 200mm. The flail achieved a high level of clearance efficiency.The abstract of the report reads: “The Armtrac 100 Mine Flail is a well-designed and capablemachine. It demonstrated an ability to clear anti-personnel-sized mines from terrain ranging fromsandy topsoil to gravel track and heavy clay, but with limitations on clearance depth.” It also concludesthat the Armtrac 100 has good vegetation clearance ability and good mobility. “The machinesurvived a limited range of live explosive tests, although these did not fully assess the safety of theoperator.”

1. According to the manufacturer.2. QinetiQ International Test and Evaluation Programme, Armtrac 100 Trial Report, Farnborough, April 2002,pp. 22 and 24.3. Ibid., p. 29.

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General descriptionThe Hydrema MCV 910 (Series 2) is a flail system designed for clearing surface or buried anti-personnel or anti-tank mines containing up to 10kg of explosives. The system is an upgradedversion of the 910 MCV, based on the pivot chassis of a commercial dumper. The running gearconsists of four wheels on two axles. The machine has two 136kw diesel engines. After modifications,the flail can now be powered by both engines at the same time. In this case, 272kw can be harnessedfor flailing operations. During transportation, the flail unit is stowed on the platform to the rear ofthe cab.The driving speed on paved roads is up to 35km/h. The system can be transported by low-loadervehicle, by rail or airlifted in a Hercules C 130. The vehicle requires one operator. For self-recovery,a winch is attached at the front of the vehicle.The latest version of the Hydrema 910 (series 2) features comprehensive modifications such asimproved air filters and chains, a new depth regulation control system, automatic crawling functionand improved engine cooling system.The cabin of the Series 2 has been modified with by 14mm ARMOX protection. It can withstand theblast of an anti-vehicle mine detonated under one of the front wheels.

Clearance methodologyTransformation of the flail unit from its road transport position to working configuration can beachieved in approximately five minutes using a special tilting/turning system, hydraulicallyoperated from the cab. When clearing the vehicle moves in the opposite direction to its movementon the road. Pivot steering is designed to ensure that the front and rear wheels move in the sametrack. The 72 chains of the 3.5 metre-wide flail shaft rotate clockwise at a speed of up to 350rpm. Theflail action should detonate or break up anti-personnel and anti-tank mines. Direction of rotationcan be reversed.Effective ground penetration depth is up to 250mm and can be controlled automatically. The Series2 machine is equipped with a yaw control designed to prevent ridges of earth forming in a clearedlane. The deflector plate is of armoured steel and protects against blast and fragments. The operatorcan manually control the vehicle using a joystick or select a computerised automatic pilot steeringsystem.The improved depth regulation system and the automatic adjustable "crawling system" achievefaster and more effective clearance.1 According to the manufacturer, the power on the flail unit hasbeen "increased significantly" (by some 30-40 per cent).

A/S Hydrema Danmark, Denmark

The Hydrema MCV 910

Hydrema MCV 910(Series 2)

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ilReported limitations and strengths (refer to the Series 1 model)

LimitationsAs with most flail systems, the Hydrema tends tocreate lots of dust during operations.

StrengthsEasily deployed to the area of operations.Approximately five minutes to ready the systemfor clearance activities.By changing the direction of the rotating flail,the system can also clear roads and areas witha hard surface.The vehicle is equipped with two engines fordriving and flailing.The pivot steering enables the vehicle to drivewith front and rear wheels in the same track.

Machines in use to date54 machines are in service with armed forces or mine clearance organisations. Three systemshave been in service with the U.S. military clearing Bagram airfield in Afghanistan.A Danish platoon equipped with two MCV 910 machines is involved in clearance operationsat Kabul airport.

Engine, fuel and oilAverage fuel consumption is 60l per hour.1

Oil used in the engine and the hydraulic systems is of general standard.

Factory supportSpare parts (NATO-stock numbered) sufficient for a two-year operation are part of normalpurchase package.Training courses for operators and mechanics are part of the purchase package.Instruction manuals and documentation are available in English, Danish and Russian.

Maintenance and supportRecommended level of maintenance required is similar to standard commercial engineeringconstruction machines.

Tests and evaluationsThe German Army tested the Hydrema 910 MCV in October 2000.2

Tested in Croatia by CROMAC April-June 2001.Tested in Sweden by SWEDEC August 2001.Lessons learned from an accident inEritrea in 2001.

1. According to the manufacturer.2. Wehrtechnische Dienstelle für Pionier- und Truppengerät, Kurzbericht, Meppen/Koblenz, 15 January 2001.

Hydrema 910 MCV flail system in action

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The Minecat 230 duringtests in Kosovo

General descriptionIn 1998, a group of companies in Norway formed the Norwegian Demining Consortium (NoDeCo).In 1999, the first mechanical product of NoDeCo was the medium flail Minecat 230. The Minecatweighs 8 tonnes and has a working width of 230cm. The vehicle moves on tracks and can becontrolled remotely or by an operator inside the cab. It can also be controlled using a cable forsituations where remote control might create a radio frequency hazard (e.g. proximity to electricaldetonators).The machine is based on a Bobcat 863 skid steer chassis. The system is for clearance of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines. The Minecat’s small size and relatively light weight enable it towork well in urban areas or over difficult terrain where larger flails cannot operate. The Minecatcan also be mounted with other Bobcat front-end tools, enhancing user flexibility.For ease of shipment or long distance transportation, the system can be broken down into threemajor compartments: the driver’s cab (1,000kg), the chassis (4,700kg), and the flail unit (2,100kg).The NoDeCo Tower is an armoured observation cabin mounted on an elevation platform. If densevegetation or other obstacles create difficulties for control of the system, an operator is afforded animproved observation point. The maximum operating distance in line of sight is 1,000m.The Minecat is equipped with two diesel engines — one for the prime mover (73hp) and one for theflail unit (150hp).

Clearance methodologyThe flail unit attached to the front of the Minecat rotates its 48 chains at a speed of 384rpm, with astated clearance depth of 20cm, depending on soil conditions.1 Each chain has a 60mm-diameterhammer attached to the end designed to detonate or break up mines. The chains are mounted to theflail drum in a staggered pattern, giving each hammer an overlap of 10mm each side as they hit theground. Because of the advanced contouring system the flail can be run either automatically ormanually.

Machines in use to dateOne machine is in Croatia operated by NPA.Two machines are in Iran operated by NPA.One machine is in Jordan operated by the Jordanian Army.One machine is in Lebanon operated by MAG.Machines are being delivered to Afghanistan, Croatia, and Lebanon.

Minecat 230Norwegian Demining Consortium AS (NoDeCo), Norway

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Engine, fuel and oilThe Minecat is equipped with a Deutz diesel engine forthe prime mover and a Perkins 1006-60 turbo 6l dieselengine for the flail system. No special fuel or hydraulicoil is required.

Factory supportA comprehensive spare parts support package for oneyear.A worldwide servicing and spare parts network for allcomponents ensures the availability of spares.NoDeCo offers the choice of factory training in Norwayor on-site training tailored to the customer’srequirements. Training normally lasts six weeks.Training, documentation and manuals in English are part of the purchase package.Training, service and support is provided by NoDeCo Middle East.

Maintenance and supportRegular maintenance is required, comprised of daily, weekly, monthly and annual checks asper the operating instructions.The company recommends a three-operator crew: one operator, one observer (for additionalsafety), and one operator resting.The Minecat is supported by a mobile workshop container.It can be shipped in 2 x 20ft ISO containers.

Tests and evaluationsIn June 1999, the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (NDRE) carried out a test toevaluate operator risk: 10kg of TNT were detonated under the flail unit. The test concludedthat against detonations of up to 10kg of TNT, the operator will not suffer injury provided thatthe cabin has not previously been damaged; the doors remain completely shut and operatorswear head and ear protection.1

NPA conducted testing and evaluation of the Minecat 230 over six months in Norway and twomonths in Kosovo in 1999. The system was found to move too quickly over suspect ground andrecommendations were made to improve ground penetration by reducing speed. Identifiedweaknesses were rectified. The machine proved robust against anti-personnel and anti-tankmine blasts, and only incurred the expected loss of some chains and chain hammers.2

Both reports are available from the manufacturer or from the GICHD.


LimitationsFrequent breakdowns while operating withMAG in Kosovo (approximately every fourworking hours).3

Low road speed (5km/h).

StrengthsA light and compact demining tool shipped in2 x 20ft ISO containers.Small size adds to deployment flexibility.Built to destroy anti-personnel and anti-tankmines.Depth control system.Remote control.

1. According to the manufacturer.2. Hands, M., NPA MINECAT Test Report & Recommendations, 10 February 2000.3. MAG statement.

Minecat 230 detonating a mine

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Minemill MC 2003Trademill Mejac & Co.d.n.o., Slovenia

General descriptionThe Minemill MC 2003 is a chain flail system produced in Slovenia. The machine is based on thechassis of a commercial track-driven prime mover and propelled by a 90hp diesel engine. Dependingon soil conditions, the manually controlled ground penetration depth is effective to a maximum of20cm.1 For this reason, the manufacturer states that the Minemill is best used for ground preparationand technical survey operations.The flail unit has 72 chains, powered by a 170hp diesel engine. The system is relatively lightweight,enabling it to work in difficult to access areas where larger systems cannot operate. One operatordrives the system from a fully armoured cab protected by 5+5mm high resistant steel plates and45mm bulletproof glass.A self recovery winch is attached to the prime mover and an additional emergency exit from thecabin enhances operator rescue possibilities.According to the manufacturer, the machine is able to maintain the working depth set in order tofollow ground contours.On request the system can be equipped with a video monitored control system, enabling the operatorto assess ground in front of and behind the machine. The machine can be controlled remotely or byan operator.

Clearance methodologyThe total width of the vehicle with attached flail unit is 2.7m. The clearance width is 220mm. The66 to 72 chains of the flail rotate clockwise at up to 500rpm. The machine works at between0.5-2.5km/h. The hammers attached to each chain are intended to either detonate or break up anti-personnel mines. The ground penetration depth achieved is 200mm.1

Machines in use to dateFour machines are in service with NGOs and commercial companies in the Balkans and SouthLebanon.A further machine was in production in November 2003.

Engine, fuel and oilThe Minemill MC 2003 is equipped with two diesel engines: one for powering the prime mover(90hp) and the other for the flail unit (170hp).The fuel tank has a 120l diesel capacity.Fuel consumption is 10-13l/h.1

The Minemill MC 2003

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Hydraulic oil capacity is 435l.

Factory supportManuals are available in English, Slovenian and Croatian/Serb.The manufacturer provides a six-month warranty.Specific spares covering both the prime mover and the flail unit are provided by themanufacturer.

Maintenance and supportThe system has the benefit of simple and robust design. According to the operating instructions,a full service is required every 150 hours, carried out by staff trained by the manufacturer.

Tests and evaluationsThe machine was tested by the Bosnia-Herzogovina Mine Action Centre (BHMAC). No furtherinformation is available.


LimitationsDesigned for anti-personnel mine clearanceonly.

StrengthsSimple and robust.Lightweight design.


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General descriptionThe Patria RA-140 DS is a wheeled, armoured medium flail system designed to clear (non-directional) anti-personnel mines and anti-tank mines containing up to 10kg of TNT. The driver’scab is armoured and the windows are of protective glass. The cab can withstand explosive blastand affords ballistic protection against direct fire rounds of up to 7.62mm. A two-man crew has twocomplete sets of controls; one for driving forward on roads and the other for clearance operationsin reverse. The cab is pressure-sealed, sound-insulated and shock-resistant. The vehicle runninggear consists of six wheels on two axles.The chain flail unit is hydraulically powered. Ground penetration depth control is automatic ormanual. For transportation, the flail unit with its armoured shield lifts up to be fixed in positionabove the rear axle. For transport over longer distances or storage, the flail unit and shield can bedisconnected and attached to the truck bed. In this position, the vehicle width is 2,920mm.The RA-140 DS does not require loader transport. On paved roads, the vehicle can travel at anaverage of up to 70km/h. With the flail unit detached and put on the vehicle platform, the systemcan be transported by air.A winch is attached at the front for self-recovery. During clearance operations, the transfer box hasa two-speed hydraulic motor for slow driving.

Clearance methodologyThe total width of the vehicle with the tiller unit in working position is 4m, while the flail clearancewidth is 3.4m. The 84 chains of the flail rotate clockwise at up to 400rpm. A ground depth penetrationof up to 370mm is achieved when set to automatic or manual, selected by the operator. The actionof the flail is designed to detonate or break up anti-personnel and anti-tank mines.

Machines in use to dateThere are approximately 50 machines worldwide, mostly used mostly by military forces.The Patria RA–140 DS has been deployed to Cambodia, Kosovo and Mozambique forhumanitarian demining operations.

Engine, fuel and oilThe Patria RA–140 DS is powered by a six-cylinder, 141kw Deutz diesel engine. It is turbo-charged, air-cooled and has direct injection.150l fuel capacity.

Patria RA–140 DSPatria Vehicles Oy, Finland

The Patria RA–140 DS in operatingmode

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Flail systems:Engine oil capacity is 16l.The main gearbox takes 29l.Hydraulic fluid capacity is 60l.

Factory supportSpares specific to the RA–140 DS are provided directly from Patria Vehicles Oy.A package of training, spare parts and equipment support is negotiable between the purchaserand Patria Vehicles Oy.

Maintenance and supportPatria components and spare parts are available on the international commercial market.Some specialist parts for the flail unit must be ordered direct from Patria Vehicles Oy.

Tests and evaluationsThe Finnish Army, during development of the RA-140 DS, carried out tests and evaluation.UN representatives were present during certain stages of evaluation.

The Patria RA–140 DS flail system


LimitationsThe RA-140 DS is a large-wheeled vehicle withthe attendant difficulties of mobility in tightspaces.The system showed a tendency to break downduring operations in Kosovo in 2001.

StrengthsThe RA-140DS can move long distancesindependent of a loader vehicle.

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General descriptionThe RM-KA 02 is a 12.5-tonne (approx.) remote-controlled medium flail produced by Duro DakovicSpecijalna Vozila d.d. Based on a Caterpillar chassis with Perkins engine, the prototype was builtin 2001. According to the manufacturer the upgraded version of the prototype has cleared roughly1,000,000m2.An operator using a joystick attached to a portable control panel remotely controls the system. Thechassis is protected by 20mm steel plates. Vital parts of the machine are protected from explosiveblast by 10mm ARMOX armoured steel plates. The armoured hood covering the flail unit uses asystem of spring-mounted pipes designed to absorb explosive energy. When the flail detonates amine, blast passes between the pipes.The machine was certified and tested by the Croatian Mine Action Centre (CROMAC) for both anti-tank and anti-personnel mine clearance in a variety of ground conditions.The engine and hydraulic system are provided worldwide by Perkins.

Clearance methodologyThe rotor turns the 36 chains of the flail unit at 600rpm. A mushroom-shaped, strengthened steelhammer is attached at the end of each 30cm-long chain. As the machine works through a suspectarea at between 0.3-1.2km/h (depending on soil conditions),1 the chains will detonate or break upanti-personnel and anti-tank mines. The system achieves an average ground penetration of up to200mm.1

Machines in use to dateOne machine has been in service with the demining company RUMITAL.One machine is contracted by AKD MUNGOS, Croatia.

Engine, fuel and oilThe RM–KA 02 is equipped with a Perkins diesel engine (225hp). The fuel tank has a 420ldiesel capacity.Fuel consumption is 30 to 40l/h (depending on soil conditions).Hydraulic oil capacity is 260l. Oil capacity is 26l.

Factory supportAll components of the machine are off-the-shelf, ensuring the availability of spare parts.Training for operators and mechanics is part of the purchase package.

RM–KA 02Duro Dakovic Specialjalna Vozila d.d., Croatia

The RM-KA 02 in operation

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User manuals and spare parts catalogue are available in Croatian, English and German.The warranty granted by the manufacturer is limited to one year or 1,00 working hours. It doesnot include spare parts.

Maintenance and supportThe manufacturer recommends a two-man team for operations.After-warranty service or repair support is negotiable with the manufacturer.Manufacturer offers 24-hour, online support.

Tests and evaluationsThe machine was tested by CROMAC and accredited for clearance operations in 2003.No independent test reports currently available.

Reported limitations and strengthsOwing to the lack of reliable test reports, no information can be provided.


Limitations:Difficult to operate with precision from a longdistance (this applies to all remotely controlledmachines).

Strengths:Simple and rugged design.For anti-tank and anti-personnel mineclearance.Small and easy to transport.

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General descriptionSamson was developed by a Slovenian manufacturer and is designed for clearance of anti-personneland anti-tank mines. The vehicle weighs between 9,400 and 9,800kg and has a working clearancewidth of 2.5m. The running gear consists of four wheels on two axles. The chassis consists of twoframes coupled by a joint. This allows lateral flex and oscillation of the frames for improvedmanoeuvrability and adaptation to terrain. The front and back wheels run in the same track.The flail unit is mounted within an armoured casing, ensuring the protection of all vital elementsof the system (engine, hydraulic and transmission systems).The clearance operation is controlled manually or by remote control. The rotor housing and driver’scabin are made of armoured steel.The road speed of the vehicle is 25km/h on most surfaces. The working speed varies between 0 and2km/h, depending on soil conditions and the clearance depth selected. One operator controls thevehicle. It is lightweight, reducing transport difficulties.The system is equipped with a computer steered hydrostatic drive for the vehicle and a flail unit,which adapts the working speed automatically to ground conditions.Currently, there are two models available: Samson 200 and Samson 260.According to the manufacturer, live operations have contributed to significant improvements ofthe system.

Clearing methodologyThe flail unit attached to the front of Samson rotates 56 chains with hammers attached at a speed ofup to 880rpm1 with a stated clearance depth of at least 250mm, depending on soil conditions.1

The hammers weigh 800g each and have a T-shape profile connected to 375mm-long chains.

Depending on soil conditions, the machine operates at a maximum speed of 2km/h and the Samson200 at a maximum of 1.5km/h.

Machines in use to dateOne machine currently used by a commercial company (TT- KA) in Croatia. It was reportedthat some 2,000,000m2 had been cleared by late November 2003. No further information wasprovided by the manufacturer.

Samson 260/200Vilpo d.o.o., Slovenia

Samson 260 in operation

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Engine, fuel and oilThe system is equipped with a water-cooled 186kw Deutz diesel engine (Samson 260) or aPerkins engine with 136kw (Samson 200). The average fuel consumption is around 16l/h(Perkins engine)Oil used in the engine and the hydraulic system is of general standard.

Maintenance and supportRegular maintenance comprising daily, weekly, monthly, and annual checks required as perthe operating instructions.The Samson is supported by a mobile maintenance vehicle on the worksite.Maintenance staff and operators are especially trained before deployment to field missions.

Tests and evaluationsThe Samson was tested by CROMAC in July-September 2001. The trials included anti-personnelmines only.The test report is available at the GICHD in English and Serb/Croat.Experience gained during tests and fieldwork was put into the development of the upgradedversions of the system (Samson 200 and 260).According to the manufacturer, the system was tested against anti-vehicle mines and sufferedonly minor damages. No test reports from the trials are available.

Reported limitations and strengths2 (Samson 160)

1 According to the manufacturer.2 CROMAC, Testing of Mine Clearance Machine "Samson", 2001.

LimitationAs with most flail systems, the Samson tends tocreate lots of dust during operations.

StrengthsPowerful engine.Good manoeuvrability.Effective cooling system.Roller installed behind the flail in order toreduce risk of missed mines.Small, therefore reducing transport problems.

The SAMSON 260 Flail System

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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 5,486mm2. Length total: 8,400mm3. Width without attachment: 2,530mm4. Width total: 3,556mm5. Clearing width: 3,000mm6. Height, overall: 3,190mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 11,506kg8. Mass, demining unit: 4,360kg9. Mass, total: 15,949kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Various sizes11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.33kg/cm2 squared under 1 track in soil12. Hill-climbing ability: 33°


• length of chains: 1,000mm14. Gap between chains: Not given15. Rotation speed: 305rpm16. Clearance depth: 100-500mma)

17. Working speed:a) Depends on soil conditions and depth of mines laid18. Control of clearing depth: Manual or computer19. Machines in use: 160 Mk III and 15 Mk IV20. Location of use: Worldwide21. Total area cleared so far: 1.7 million m2

22. Other types: Mk III

d. System specifications23. Engine: New Holland six-cylinder in-line diesel with turbocharger

(165bhp)24. Fuel capacity: 200L25. Fuel consumption: 23-30l/h26. Separate engine for flail unit: No27. Transition: Not given28. Cooling system engine: Water/air29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 90l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes31. Operator comfort: Vibration and noise reduction, dust filters, over-

pressured cab, gyrocompass, dual position controls –right and left side of the cab, headphones withmicrophone for communication, suspension seats

32. Armour: 56mm protection glass, minimum 10mm steel plates33. Remote control: Optional

f. Costs34. Cost of machine Negotiable upon application35. Training Not given36. Other costs Not given37. Transport limitation: A flat bed or articulated truck is required for long

distances. Air transportable by C-130, C-17, C-538. Availability for rent: Yes

Technical data sheet Aardvark Mk IV

a) According to the manufacturer.

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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 4,780mma)

2. Length total: 6,850mma)

3. Width without attachment: 1,960mma)

4. Width total: 2,640mma)

5. Clearing width: 2,080mma)

6. Height, overall: 2,900mma)

7. Mass, basic vehicle: 8,610kg8. Mass, demining unit: 2,600kg9. Mass, total: 11,010kga)

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: 4 wheels with foam-filled tyres11. Ground pressure, max weight: 3,690kg under the front right wheel12. Hill climbing ability: 30°b)


• length of chains 1,000mm14. Gap between chains: 10mm15. Rotation speed: 350rpm16. Clearance depth, max: Approx. 200mm travelling at 0.3km/hc)

17. Working speed:• light soil/ small vegetation: Approx. 600m2/h,d,e)

• medium soil/ medium vegetation: —• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: —

18. Control of clearing depth: Manual19. Machines in use: 420. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Lebanon, and

Mozambique21. Total area cleared so far: Approx. 5,400,000m2

22. Other types: Armtrac 325

d. System specifications23. Engine: New Holland diesel engine with 165hp24. Fuel capacity: 332l25. Fuel consumption: Max. 32l/h26. Separate engine for flail unit: No27. Transition: Stable axle pivot28. Cooling system engine: Mechanical fan29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 70l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes31. Operator comfort: Air seat, 20 decibel cab noise32. Armour: Cab 10mm armour33. Remote control: No

f. Costs34. Machine: £165,00035 Training: £3,000 (in UK)36 Other costs: On request37 Transport limitation: 22.5° angle for the rampf)

38 Availability for hire: Yes

Technical data sheet Armtrac 100

a) QinetiQ International Test and Evaluation Programme, Armtrac 100 Trial Report, Farnborough, April2002, p. 9.b) Ibid., p. 24.c) Ibid., pp. 29 and 74.d) Ibid., p. 22.e) All figures according to the manufacturer.f) QinetiQ Armtrac 100 Trial Report, op. cit., p. 73.

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a. Dimensional data1. Length, transportation position: 9,200mm2. Length, total: 10,000mm3. Width, transportation position: 2,800mm (option: 2,500mm)4. Width, total: 2,420mm5. Clearing width: 3,500mm6. Height, overall: 3,600mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: Not given8. Mass, demining unit: Not given9. Mass, total: 18,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: 4 standard tyres Goodyear RL-2+ 17.5R25 foam-filled11. Ground pressure, max weight: Not given12. Hill climbing ability: 34°a)


• length of chains 900mm14. Gap between chains: Not given15. Rotation speed: 350rpm in soil16. Clearance depth, max: Up to 300mm in light soilb)

17. Working speed: 400-800m/h (depending on soil and vegetationconditionb)

18. Control of clearing depth: Computer-controlled19. Machines in use: 5620. Location of use: Afghanistan, Angola, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,

Denmark, India, Kosovo, Mozambique, Norwayand the United Arab Emirates

21. Total area cleared so far: Not given22. Other types: Series 1

d. System specifications23. Engine: Perkins 1006-6TW, 6 cylinder diesel with turbocharger24. Fuel capacity: 300l25. Fuel consumption: Max. 60l/h26. Separate engine for flail unit: Yes, the same engine as for driving

27. Transition: Hydrostatic28. Cooling system engine: Driving engine is now mounted with reversible propellers

and increased cooling capacity. Additionally used as"power pack increasing the power on the flail unit".

29. Hydraulic oil capacity: Not given

e. Comfort and security30. Air condition: Yes31. Operator comfort: Not given32. Armour: 14mm ARMOX33. Remote control: No

f. Costs34. Costs machine: Depending on configuration35. Training: Negotiable36. Other costs: Depending on configuration37. Transport limitation: Max. 40km/h on own wheels38. Availability for hire: Negotiable

Technical data sheet Hydrema MCV 910 (Series 2)

a) According to the manufacturer.b) CROMAC test report (the system achieved during the tests in Germany 30 cm).

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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 4,850mm2. Length total: 5,856mm3. Width without attachment: 2,000 mm4. Width total: 3,300mm5. Clearing width: 2,300mm6. Height, overall: 2,700mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 4,700 kg (without cab)8. Mass, demining unit: 2,100 kg9. Mass, total: 7,800 kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Steel tracks (width: 385mm)11. Ground pressure, max. weight: 0.4 kg/cm²12. Hill climbing ability: 30°


• length of chains 860mm14. Gap between chains: 48mm (dynamically 10mm overlap)15. Rotation speed: 384rpm (free running)16. Clearance depth, max.: Up to 500mm (standing still), depending on the ground17. Working speed: Up to 1km/h in light soila)

18. Control of clearance depth: Automatic, free-floating flail or manual19. Machines in use: 820. Location of use: Croatia, Iran, Jordan21. Total area cleared so far: Unknown22. Other types: 140 Minecat 2.5 tonne mini-flail (125hp)

d. System specifications23. Engine: Deutz 73hp24. Fuel capacity: 95l (one fuel tank for both engines)25. Fuel consumption: 9l/h26. Separate engine for flail unit: Perkins 150hp27. Transition: Hydraulic/Hydrostatic28. Cooling system engines: Deutz: oil cooled / Perkins: fluid cooled29. Hydraulic oil capacity: Deutz 34l, Perkins 42l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes (optional)31. Operator comfort: Not given32. Armour: 6.5-13mm ARMOX 50033. Remote control: Yes (GPS navigation optional)

• greatest distance: 1,000m in line sight

f. Costs34. Cost of machine: Not given35. Training: Not given36. Other costs: Not given37. Transport limitation: 2 x 20ft ISO containers38. Availability for hire: Yes

Technical data sheet Minecat 230


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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 6,700mm2. Length total: Not given3. Width without attachment: 2,500mm4. Width total: 2,700mm5. Clearing width: 2,200 mm6. Height, overall: 2,400mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 5,500kg8. Mass, demining unit: 1,700kg9. Mass, total: 9,600kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks (2,300x400/450mm)11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.39 kg/cm²12. Hill climbing ability: 30°

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chains 72

• length of chains 630mm14. Gap between chains 35mm15. Rotation speed Up to 500rpm16. Clearance depth, max: Up to 200mm17. Working speed:

• light soil/ small vegetation: Approx. 2.5km/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: Approx. 1.0km/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: Approx. 0.5-0.8km/h

18. Control of clearing depth: Mechanic19. Machines in use: 420. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina, South Lebanon21. Total area cleared so far: 700,000m2

22. Other types: Not given

d. System specifications23. Engine: Diesel24. Fuel capacity: 120l25. Fuel consumption: 4-5l/h26. Separate engine for flail unit: Yes27. Transition: Hydraulic28. Cooling system engines: Water29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 435l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes (optional)31. Operator comfort: Winch for self recovering, triple fire extinguisher system32. Armour: 12mm armoured steel, 45mm bulletproof windows33. Remote control: Yes (optional)

• greatest distance: 1,000m in line sight

f. Costs34. Cost of machine: €200,00035. Training: Not given36. Other costs:

• spares: €204,00037. Transport limitation: Not given38. Availability for hire: Yes

Technical data sheet Minemill MC 2003

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a. Dimensional data1. Length, transportation position: 7,850mm2. Length, total 9,450mm3. Width, transportation position: 2,920mm4. Width, total: 4,000mm5. Clearing width: 3,400mm6. Height, overall: 2,860mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: Not provided8. Mass, demining unit: Not provided9. Mass, total: 14,400 kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels: 6 tyres Nokia MPT 14.00R – 20 or Michelin XS 14.00R – 20

with Hutchinson VFI safety device11. Ground pressure, max. weight: Not provided12. Hill climbing ability: 25°


• length of chains: Not provided14. Gap between chains: Not provided15. Rotation speed: Up to 400rpm16. Clearance depth, max.: Up to 370mm17. Working speed: Up to 3km/h

• light soil/ small vegetation: Not provided• medium soil/medium vegetation: Not provided• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: Not provided

18. Control of clearance depth: Automatic and manual depth control19. Machines in use: Approx. 5020. Location of use: Not given21. Total area cleared so far: Not givenr22. Other types: Not provided

d. System specifications23. Engine: Six-cylinder in-line 141kw Deutz BF 6L 913 C diesel with

turbocharger, inter-cooled, direct injection24. Fuel capacity: 200l25. Fuel consumption: Not provided26. Separate engine for flail unit: Hydraulically driven27. Transition: 4x4 continuous all wheel drive28. Cooling system engine: Air cooled29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 60l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Available31. Operator comfort: Adjustable seat for driver. Adjustable and swivel seat

with suspension for the operator. Both seats with four-point safety belts. The cabin is pressure-sealed, sound-insulated and shock-resistant.

32. Armour: Protected glass and armoured steel for the cabin33. Remote control: No

f. Costs34. Costs of machine: Not provided35. Training: Not provided36. Other costs: Not provided37. Transport limitation: Given by the technical specifications as weight, etc.38. Availability for hire: Not provided

Technical data sheet Patria RA–140 DS

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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 3,880mm2. Length total: 52,150mm3. Width without attachment: 2,000mm4. Width total: 2,500mm5. Clearance width: 2,000mm6. Height, overall: 1,800mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 11,000kg8. Mass, demining unit: 1,500kg9. Mass, total: 12,500 kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks (Caterpillar) 400mm width11. Ground pressure, max. weight: 0.58 kg/ cm²12. Hill climbing ability: 35°


• length of chains: 310mm14. Gap between chains: Overlap of hammers is 7mm15. Rotation speed: Up to 600rpm16. Clearance depth, max: Up to 200mma)

17. Working speed: 0.3-1.2km/h (1,800m2/h) depending on soil andvegetation conditions

18. Control of clearance depth: Manually19. Machines in use: 120. Location of use: Croatia 21. Total area cleared so far: 1,000,000m2

22. Other types: RM-KA 01

d. System specifications23. Engine: Perkins 168kw (225hp)24. Fuel capacity: 400l25. Fuel consumption: 30-40l/h depending on working conditions26. Separate engine for flail unit: No27. Transition: Hydrostatic drive28. Cooling system engines: Water29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 260l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Not given31. Operator comfort: Not given32. Armour: 20mm armoured steel plates + 10mm ARMOX plates33. Remote controlled: Yes

• greatest distance: 800m in line sight

f. Costs34. Cost of machine: €300,00035. Training: Included36. Other costs: Negotiable37. Transport limitation: Easily transportable on a 14-tonne trailer38. Availability for hire: Yes

Technical data sheet RM – KA 02


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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 6,100mm2. Length total: 7,900mm3. Width without attachment: 2,300mm4. Width total: 3,000mm5. Clearance width: 2,500mm6. Height, overall: 2,700mm7. Mass, total: 9,800kg (Samson 200: 9,400kg)

b. Driving specifications8. Wheels: 4 standard tyres NOKIA TRS-LS 16 PR-steel or optional

foam-filled9. Ground pressure, max weight: Not given10. Hill climbing ability: 45°a)


• length of chains: 375mm12. Gap between chains: Not given13. Rotation speed: Up to 900rpma)

14. Clearance depth, max: Approximately 250mm15. Working speed: 0-2km/h16. Control of clearance depth: Automatic17. Machines in use: 118. Location of use: Croatia19. Totally area cleared so far: Approx. 2,000,000m2

20. Other types: —

d. System specifications21. Engine: Deutz 186kw (Samson 260), Perkins 136kw (Samson 200)22. Fuel capacity: 140l23. Fuel consumption: 10l/h24. Separate engine for flail unit: —25. Transition: Hydrostatic drive26. Cooling system engines: Water cooling27. Hydraulic oil capacity: 100l

e. Comfort and security28. Air conditioning: Standard equipment29. Operator comfort: Upholstered cabin, drive and flail control with joystick on

armrest30. Armour: ARMOX (6mm)31. Remote controlled: Yes


f. Costs32. Costs of machine: Samson 260: €375,000

Samson 200: €312,00033. Training: 10 days training is included34. Other costs: The manufacturer offers a spare part kit sufficient for one

year of field work for the following price: Samson 200: €45,000Samson 260: €58,000

37. Transport limitation: Truck36. Availability for hire: Yes

a. According to the manufacturer.

Technical data sheet Samson 260/200

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il a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 5,486mm 4,780mmb) 9,200mm2. Length total: 8,400mm 6,850mmb) 10,000mm3. Width without attachment: 2,530mm 1,960mmb) 2,800mm

(option: 2,500mm)4. Width total: 3,556mm 2,640mmb) 2,420mm5. Clearing width: 3,000mm 2,080mmb) 3,500mm6. Height, overall: 3,190mm 2,900mmb) 3,600mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 11,506kg 8,610kg Not given8. Mass, demining unit: 4,360kg 2,600kg Not given9. Mass, total: 15,949kg 11,010kgb) 18,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Various sizes 4 wheels with foam- 4 standard tyres

filled tyres Goodyear RL-2+ 17.5R25 foam-filled

11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.33kg under 1 track 3,690kg under the front Not givenin soil right wheel

12. Hill-climbing ability: 33° 30°c) 34°a)

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chains: 72 54 72

• length of chains: 1,000mm 1,000mm 900mm14. Gap between chains: Not given 10mm Not given

15. Rotation speed: 305rpm 350rpm 350rpm in soil16. Clearance depth: 100-500mma) Approx. 200mm Up to 300mm in

travelling at 0.3km/hd) in light soilg)

17. Working speed: Depends on soil 400-800m/hconditions and depth depending on soilof mines laida) and vegetationg)

• light soil/small vegetation: — —• medium soil/medium vegetation: — — —• heavy soil/dense vegetation: — — —

18. Control of clearing depth: Manual or computer Manual Computer controlled

19. Machines in use: 160 MkIII and 15 MkIV 4 5620. Location of use: Worldwide Bosnia and Herzegovina, Afghanistan, Angola,

Kosovo, Lebanon, BiH, Croatia, Denmarkand Mozambique (Army), India, Kosovo,

Mozambique,Norway, and theUAE

21. Total area cleared so far: 1.7 million m2 Approx. 5,400,000m2 Not given22. Other types: Mk III Armtrac 325 Series 1

d. System specifications23. Engine: New Holland six- New Holland Perkins 1006-6TW,

cylinder in-line diesel diesel engine 6 cylinder dieselwith turbocharger with 165hp with turbocharger(165bhp)

24. Fuel capacity: 200 332l 300l

25. Fuel consumption: 23-30l/h Max. 32l/h Max. 60l/h26. Separate engine for flail unit: No No Yes, the same engine

as for driving27. Transition: Not given Stable axle pivot Hydrostatic

COMPARATIVE ANALYSISAardvark MK IV Armtrac 100 Hydrema MCV

910 Series 2

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Minecat 230

4,850mm 6,700mm 7,850mm 3,880mm 6,100mm5,856mm Not given 9,450mm 5,215mm 7,900mm2,000 mm 2,500mm 2,920mm 2,000mm 2,300mm

3,300mm 2,700mm 4,000mm 2,500mm 3,000mm2,300mm 2,200 mm 3,400mm 2,000mm 2,500mm2,700mm 2,400mm 2,860mm 1,800mm 2,700mm4,700 kg (without cab) 5,500kg Not provided 11,000kg 6,600kg2,100 kg 1,700kg Not provided 1,500kg 2,100kg7,800 kg 9,600kg 14,400 kg 12,500 kg 9,800kg (200:9,400kg)

Steel tracks Tracks (2,300x400/450mm) 6 tyres Nokia MPT 14.00R Tracks (Caterpillar) 4 standard tyres(width: 385mm) . 20 or Michelin XS 14.00R 400mm width Nokia TRS-LS 16 PR-

. 20 with Hutchinson VFI steel or optional safety device foam-filled

0.4 kg/cm² 0.39 kg/cm² Not provided 0.58kg/cm² Not given

30° 30° 25° 35° 45°a)

48 68-72 84 36 56860mm 630mm Not provided 310mm 375mm48mm (dynamically 35mm Not provided Overlap of hammers Not given10mm overlap) 7mm384rpm (free running) Up to 500rpm Up to 400rpm Up to 600rpm Up to 900rpma)

Up to 500mm (standing Up to 200mm Up to 370mm Up to 200mma) Approximatelystill), depending on the 250mmground

Up to 1km/h in light soila) Up to 3km/h 0.3-1.2km/ 0-2km/hApprox. 2.5km/h Not provided depending on soil andApprox. 1.0km/h Not provided vegetation conditionsApprox. 0.5-0.8km/h Not provided

Automatic, free-floating Mechanic Automatic & manual Manually Automatic flail or manual depth control

8 4 Approx. 50 1 1Croatia, Iran, Jordan BiH, South Lebanon Not given Croatia Croatia

Unknown 700,000m2 Not given 1,000,000m2 Approx. 2,000,000m2

140 Minecat 2.5 tonne Not given Not provided RM-KA 01 Samson 200,Mini-flail (125hp) Samson 260

Deutz 73hp Diesel Six-cyl. in-line 141kw Perkins 168kw (225hp) Deutz 186kwDeutz BF 6L 913 C (Samson 260),inter-cooled, direct Perkins 136kwinjection (Samson 200)

95l (one fuel tank for 120l 200l 420l 140lboth engines)9l/h 4-5l/h Not provided 30/40l/h 10l/hPerkins 150hp Yes Hydraulically driven No —

Hydraulic/Hydrostatic Hydraulic 4x4 continuous all Hydrostatic drive Hydrostatic drivewheel drive

Minemill MC 2003 Patria RA-140 DS RM-KA 02 Samson 260

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28. Cooling system engine: Water/air Mechanical fan Driving engine is nowmounted withreversible propellersand increased coolingcapacity

29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 90l 70l Not given

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes Yes Yes31. Operator comfort: Vibration and noise Air seat, 20 decibel Not given

reduction, dust filters, cab noiseover-pressured cab,gyrocompass, dualposition controls –right and left side of thecab, headphones withmicrophone forcommunication,suspension seats

32. Armour: 56mm protection glass,Cab 10mm armour Not givenminimum 10mm steelplates

33. Remote control: Optional No No

f. Costs34. Cost of machine Negotiable upon £165,000 Depending on

application configuration

35 Training Not given £3,000 (in UK) Negotiable

36 Other costs Not given On request Depending onconfiguration

37 Transport limitation: A flat bed or articulated 22.5° angle for Max. 40km/h ontruck is required for long the rampf) own wheelsdistances. Airtransportable byC 130, C 17

38 Availability for hire: Yes Yes Negotiable

Aardvark MK IV Armtrac 100 Hydrema MCV S. 2


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Deutz: oil cooled / Water Air cooled Water Water coolingPerkins: fluid cooled

Deutz 34l, Perkins 42l 435l 60l 260l 100l

Yes (optional) Yes (optional) Available Not given StandardNot given Winch for self recovering, Adjustable seat for driver Upholstered

triple fire extinguisher driver. Adjustable and cabin, drive andsystem swivel seat with suspen- flail conrol with

sion for the operator. Both joystick on armrestseats with four-pointsafety belts. The cabinis pressure-sealed,sound-insulated andshock-resistant.

6.5-13mm ARMOX 500 12mm armoured steel, Protected glass and 20mm armoured steel ARMOX (6mm)45mm bulletproof armoured steel +10mm ARMOX plateswindows for the cabin

Yes (GPS navigation Yes (optional) No Yes Yesoptional)1,000m in line sight 1,000m in line sight 800m in line of sight 1,000m

Not given €200,000 Not provided €300,000 Samson 260:€375,000Samson 200:€312,000

Not given Not given Not provided Included 10 days training isincluded

Not given €204,000 Not provided Negotiable The manufactureroffers a spare part kit sufficient forone year of fieldwork for thefollowing price:Samson 200:€45,000,Samson 260: €58,000

2 x 20ft ISO containers Not given Given by the technical Easily transportable Truckspecifications as on a 14-tonne trailerweight, etc.

Yes Yes Not provided Yes Yes

Minecat 230 Minemill MC 2003 Patria RA-140 DS RM-KA 02 Samson 260

a) According to the manufacturer.b)QinetiQ International Test and Evaluation Programme, Armtrac 100 Trial Report, Farnborough, April2002, p. 9.c) Ibid., p. 24.d) Ibid., pp. 29 and 74.e) Ibid., p. 22.f) QinetiQ Armtrac 100 Trial Report, op. cit., p. 73.g) CROMAC test report (the system achieved during the tests in Germany 30 cm).

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MineliftaCorus Northern Engineering Services, United Kingdom

Minelifta attached to a Komatsubulldozer

General descriptionThe Minelifta flail unit is attached to a Komatsu D65EX bulldozer. The first trials were undertakenin February 2001. Recommendations were made to improve performance, which have now beenincorporated into the design. A new hydraulic unit has been added and the flailing speed increased.Minelifta is an anti-personnel mine clearance system. It is not designed to clear anti-tank mines.Minelifta features a ventilated, hooded flail combined with a tined plough/scalping blade. Theflail shaft is driven by a separate auxiliary hydraulic power pack mounted at the rear of the bulldozerprime mover.A scalping blade lifts up to 20cm of soil. This is fed into the hooded, armour-plated bucket containinga flail designed to detonate or break up anti-personnel mines. At the rear of the bucket, a ploughforces flailed soil underneath the dozer to create an obvious mound for manual inspection.The armoured, bucket-shaped cowling prevents the flail throwing soil out of the cleared area. Theoperator’s cab and the hydraulic unit are fully armour-protected.On completion of deming-related tasks, the system can be employed as a standard bulldozer.

Clearance methodologyThe manufacturer uses Minelifta to sweep a mined area up to three times to ensure the best possibleclearance performance.Soil to a depth of 20cm is scooped into the cowling where it is pulverized by the flail. This shoulddetonate or break up mines. A plough at the rear of the bucket creates furrows between the tracksinto which soil and metal particles are deposited in a continuous mound at the rear of Minelifta forfurther examination. Overlapped areas and any doubtful spots are checked and if necessarymanually inspected. The Minelifta cowling is designed to withstand the detonation of an anti-personnel mine without interruption to operation.Minelifta can be operated in a variety of terrain and soil conditions: light/sandy, dry/compacted,heavy sand, wet mud/clay. It can work through scrub, elephant grass and small trees up to 75mmin diameter.1 During the U.K.'s Government Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA)evaluations Minelifta performed easily on slopes up to 30° but was not tested on steeper ground.

Machines in use to dateOne system was in service with NPA in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2003.

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LimitationsMinelifta is for clearance of anti-personnelmines and small UXO – not anti-tank mines.System requires transportation by low-loaderover longer distances.

StrengthsMounted on a basic and widely-distributedbulldozer.Can be used as a bulldozer after completingmine clearance operations.

Engine, fuel and oilKomatsu D65EX bulldozer with 406l diesel fuel capacity.The hydraulic auxiliary power unit is driven by an air-cooled 121kw diesel-powered Deutzengine. Tank capacity is 300l.Hydraulic reservoir capacity is 250l.The cooling system of the Komatsu contains 50l of coolant.The estimated average fuel consumption is 50l/h.

Factory supportMinelifta will be supplied with acomprehensive recommendedspares package negotiable with thepurchaser.Corus Northern EngineeringServices will provide full fieldsupport.

Maintenance and supportPersonnel experienced in basicmechanical skills will be able to dealwith damage and wear and tear onthe component parts.1

Full workshop manuals for thebulldozer and repair procedures forMinelifta will be provided.

Tests and evaluationsSince December 2000, Minelifta has undergone trials by the development team from CorusNorthern Engineering Services (without explosive ordnance).In December 2000, a report from Cranfield University concluded that the system has "merit".Cranfield University reviewed Minelifta operator cab protection in February 2002 andrecommended materials/thicknesses, etc., which have been incorporated into the design.In February 2001, extensive evaluations were carried out by DERA (now QinetiQ).Recommendations were made for the further development of the system. These evaluationsincluded mobility tests with live ordnance to simulate anti-personnel mines of up to 200g ofTNT. Minor damage was reported. For further information contact Corus Northern EngineeringServices.In 2003, the machine was texted by QinetiQ in a field trial in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Approximately 130,000m2 have been cleared under the supervision of the NGO NPA.Rate of clearance during tests was approximately 2,300m2/h for one run in light terrain withlight vegetation with 10cm flailing depth.


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Scandinavian Demining Group AB, Sweden

General descriptionThe Scanjack 3500 is a heavy flail produced in Sweden by the Scandinavian Demining Group AB.It is based on a Finnish deforestation machine that has been on the market for years. The firstmodified demining version was built in 1999.The Scanjack 3500 employs a unique, front-mounted double flail system, the only one of its type inthe world. The system underwent evaluation and testing in Croatia in November 1999. Themanufacturer in Sweden conducted further technical development in 2000-2001, achieving anaverage clearance rate of 722m2/h. The Swedish Army carried out comparative tests with threedifferent machines at the end of 2001 and selected the Scanjack as their standard mine clearancevehicle.The Scanjack 3500 is designed to clear anti-personnel and anti-tank mines. One operator drives thevehicle from an armoured cab protected by 12mm steel plate and 41mm of resistant glass. A secondmodel features 69mm of resistant glass. The stated clearance width is 3,500mm.The running gear of the Scanjack 3500 is an unusual combination of wheels and tracks. Wheelsprovide for transport between locations. When the system is put to work in a suspect area, removablesteel tracks are added to improve traction and manoeuvrability

Clearance methodologyThe Scanjack 3500 drives forward into a suspect area with both front-mounted flails rotating at thesame speed. During testing, best results were achieved with the flails rotating clockwise, althoughit is possible to set rotation anti-clockwise. The flails can rotate concurrently in opposite directions.The chains of the front flail are approximately 15cm shorter than those at the rear. The front flailcuts vegetation and clears the ground to a depth of 15cm. The second flail is designed to clear downto 30cm. The total clearance depth of the system claimed by the manufacturer is 30cm. With arotation speed of 360rpm, the flail unit hits the ground approximately six times per second.Both flails have 76 chains with weighted hammer tips. The chains are hardened and can be replacedwhen damaged. During testing and development, chains required replacement approximatelyonce a month. Chain types other than those produced by the manufacturer can be used.

Machines in use to date2 machines operational in Croatia since 2001.5 machines delivered to the Swedish Army in 2003.1 machine delivered to Piper d.o.o. in August 2003 for use in Croatia.1 machine delivered to the Swiss Foundation for Mine Action in October 2003 for use in theMiddle East.

Scanjack 3500

Scanjack operating inovergrown vegetation

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StrengthsThe unique double flail system ensures a highclearance rate (test reports are available fromSWEDEC).The experience of 40 years with the basemachine under hard conditions means thatmany problems have been rectified.Operator safety.Technical reliability.

LimitationsSmall fuel tank lasts only around approximatelyfour working hours.1

Vegetation cutting is limited to trees with trunksof approximately 15cm in diameter.1Large machine that requires transporting overlong distances on a trailer. The flail unit isdetachable and can be transported on aseparate truck.

Engine, fuel and oilThe Scanjack is equipped with a six-cylinder John Deer6081HTJ02 diesel engine with 220hp for the base unit. Thehydraulic oil capacity is 190l.The flail unit is equipped with a Scania DSI 14 turbo-chargedV8 diesel engine with 550hp. The hydraulic oil capacity forthis unit is 400l.Mineral hydraulic oil is included in the standard equipmentpackage.The machine uses the same tank for both machines.The fuel consumption is 60-80l/h during flail operation, depending on conditions.

Factory supportThe standard equipment comprises tools, operator manual, spare parts catalogue, fireextinguisher, travel distance gauge and constant engine revolution regulator on TMC, stabilitybrake, hydraulic steps and mineral hydraulic oil.Training of operators and mechanics is offered for a special price during manufacturing untilthe end of the second month after delivery.A one-year warranty for manufacturing faults of the base machine and the flail engine isincluded but there is no warranty on the flail unit itself, except a 100 per cent guarantee thatthe unit works at the time of delivery.Service contracts ranging from one annual check-up to a full service are available.

Maintenance and supportA one-year full service support including non-consumable spares, on-site technical supportonce a month and technician call-out can be ordered.The machine must be refuelled every two and a half hours and must be cleaned of dust and dirtwithin the same interval.The manufacturer recommends daily preventive maintenance and cleaning as well as a servicecontract for monthly check-ups by the supplier.The recommended personnel is three drivers and two maintenance staff, including onemechanic per machine.Non-specialist, mechanical workshop tools and crane support on-site are required.

Tests and evaluationsThe first machine was tested and certified by CROMAC in Croatia, 1999.SWEDEC tested and slightly changed a second machine in September 2001. Among others,dynamic blast tests were carried out with one 5.5kg metallic anti-tank mine and one 10kg non-metallic anti-tank mine. Only minor damage was found. In the first detonation, four chainswere lost. In the second detonation, one chain was lost and two hammers required replacing.Thetest reports are available at SWEDEC.During 2003 the Swedish Army ordered and verified one pre-series machine. All technicalrequirements were met. The detonation of 10kg of TNT under the front wheel did not cause anyinjuries to the driver (dummy). Four additional vehicles were ordered by the Swedish Army fordelivery in November 2003.

Scanjack after 10kg mine detonation

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The VIKING system withflail and power pack

Viking Mine Clearing System(VMCS) Alvis Moelv AS, Norway

General descriptionDuring the first quarter of 1999, Hägglunds Moelv AS (Norway) teamed up with Summa TechnologyInc. (U.S.) and Quality Research Inc. (U.S.) to conduct a study of the feasibility of mountingHägglunds’ flail technology onto a commercial prime mover. Previously, a Hägglunds flail wasattached to a Leopard 1 chassis to create the Norwegian Armoured Mine Clearing Vehicle (AMCV).The civilian version currently under development combines a Hägglunds flail with a 21-tonne,Austrian-built Liebherr 742 tractor. The flail is powered by an External Power Pack (EPP) mountedon the back of the vehicle. The EPP is a diesel engine that runs the flail unit hydraulically. The EPPoperates independently to the tractor engine.The remote-control system consists of the Flail Assembly Control System (FACS), the Vehicle ControlUnit (VCU) and the Operator’s Control Unit (OCU) featuring command link, video link andemergency radio link.

Clearance operationThe Viking flail unit has 96 chains of 116cm length, each tipped with a hardened steel hammer.The prime mover drives forward into a suspect area rotating the flail clockwise. The four-metre-wide flail rotates at up to 300rpm (depending on the ground), with an approximate clearance depthof 25cm.1

The flail can be elevated or depressed between 25° to 15° from ground level in order to make it easierto compensate for ground undulation. Viking is built to detonate or break up anti-personnel andanti-tank mines.

Machines in use to dateOne prototype is undergoing tests in Huntsville, Alabama, U.S. The final tests will take placein Norway.The system was planned to be available in late 2002.

Engine, fuel and oilTractor external power pack uses diesel fuel.The combined fuel tank capacity is 900l.Tractor engine gives 172kw/234hp. Fuel consumption is 17-25l/h under normal conditions.1

The Cummins engine for the EPP gives 525hp with fuel consumption of 60-70l/h duringflailing.

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Factory supportSystem certified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 in 2000.No further information provided by the manufacturer.

Maintenance and supportNo further information provided by the manufacturer.

Tests and evaluationsTests started in September 2001.No further information available.


LimitationsThe flail unit must be disassembled before low-loader can transport the system. Total width offlail unit is 5m.

StrengthsCompensates well for ground undulation.

The flail unit chains and hammers


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Technical data sheet Mineliftaa. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 5,550mm2. Length total: 9,030 mm with all Minelifta parts3. Width without attachment: 2,900 mm with blade removed and no Minelifta parts

fitted4. Width total: 3,340 mm with all Minelifta parts 3,970 mm with standard

bulldozer blade (removeable)5. Clearance width: 2,740mm6. Height, overall: 3,580 mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 15,530kg8. Mass, demining unit: 19,970kg9. Mass, total: 35,500kg

b. Driving specifications10 Wheels/ tracks: Tracks (660mm width)11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.82kg/cm²12. Hill climbing ability: OK up to 30° – not tested above 30°.

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chains: 7214. Gap between chains: 155mm (static centered)15. Rotation speed: Up to 200rpm16. Clearance depth, max: Up to 200mm17. Working speed: a)

•light soil/ small vegetation: 2,740m2/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 1,800m2/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 800m2/h

18. Control of clearance depth: Manual from 0-20cm. Depth controlled by angle ofbucket set by driver

19. Machines in use: Not yet; one machine available for field use from July2002

20. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina21. Total area cleared so far: Approx. 130,000m2

22. Other types: None

d. System specifications23. Engine:24. Fuel capacity: 406l for Komatsu dozer/fuel capacity flail engine

pack to be confirmed.25. Fuel consumption: Depending on ground conditions. To be confirmed.26. Separate engine for flail unit: Yes. Flail unit driven by 200kw diesel engine. Future

units to have 150kw diesel engine.27. Transition Not given28. Cooling system engine: 50l Komatsu dozer/flail engine is air cooled29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 50l for Komatsu dozer/flail engine capacity to be

confirmed

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes31. Operator comfort: Not given32. Armour: 6mm of CP 50 armour on driver’s cab33. Remote controlled: No

f. Costs34. Cost of machine: To be negotiated35. Training: Can be included36. Other costs: Spares available as needed37. Transport limitation: Needs low-loader for overland transport. Can be

containerised for shipping.38. Availability for hire: Yes


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Technical data sheet Scanjack 3500a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 10,300mm2. Length total: 14,300mm3. Width without attachment: 3,030mm4. Width total: 4,470mm5. Clearance width: 3,500mm6. Height, overall: 3,700mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 28,086kg8. Mass, demining unit: 8,394kg9. Mass, total: 36,480kg, with tracks: 39,680kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: 8 tyres 650/65-26.5 and 4 tracks 750mm wide11. Ground pressure, max weight: Front: 0.96 kg/cm²; Rear: 0.6 kg/cm²12. Hill climbing ability: 20% in operation and 30% while driving

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chains: 76 on each rotor

• length of chains: First rotor: 697 mm; Second rotor: 793 mm14. Gap between chains dynamically: Overlapping15. Rotation speed: Up to 360 rpm16. Clearance depth, max: First rotor: up to 15cm; Second rotor: up to 30cm17. Working speed:

• light soil/ small vegetation: Approx. 900 m²/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: Approx. 600m²/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: Approx. 300 m²/h

18. Control of clearance depth: Manual by hydraulic pressure19. Machines in use: 920. Location of use: 3 in Croatia, 1 in Middle East, 5 with Swedish Army21. Total area cleared so far: 6.5million m2 by August 200322. Other types: Not given

d. System specifications23. Engine: John Deere, 6 cylinder diesel engine with 220hp24. Fuel capacity: 180l in one tank for both engines25. Fuel consumption total: Max. 60-80l/h in operation26. Separate engine for flail unit: Yes; Scania V8 diesel engine with 550hp27. Transition: Hydrostatic – mechanical power28. Cooling system engine: Water29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 390l for both machines

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes31. Operator comfort: Ergonomic chair and controls, radio32. Armour: 12 – 13mm Armox 500S toughened plate for the cabin

and 41mm protection glass windows. 10mm ARMOX 500Sfor hydraulic system and the rest of the machine

33. Remote control: No. Optional remote control 300m in line of sight

f. Costs34. Cost of machine: U.S.$1,000,00035. Training Included; during manufacturing and two months after

delivery36. Other costs

• spare parts set: U.S.$95,000• full servicecontract: U.S.$6,000/month• cost of 1 trailer/truck + 1 truck with crane: U.S.$1,195,000 + service and transportation

37. Transport limitation: 3.03m wide and 4.2m high on low bed trailer38. Availability for hire: Financial leasing pending credit approval and full

demining service rental including crew and service


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Technical data sheet Viking MSCa. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 4,800mm2. Length total: 10,500mm3. Width without attachment: 3,400mm4. Width total: 5,000mm5. Clearance width: 4,000mm6. Height, overall: 4,000mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 21,500 kg8. Mass, demining unit: 5,700kg9. Mass, total: 32,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks11. Ground pressure, max weight: Not given (depends on type of tracks)12. Hill climbing ability: 27°

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chains 96

• length of chains 116mm14. Gap between chains: 42mm15. Rotation speed: Up to 300rpm16. Clearance depth, max: Up to 250mm17. Working speeda)

• light soil/ small vegetation: 2,800-8,400m2/h (surface laid mines)a)

• medium soil/medium vegetation: —• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 120-4,200m2/h (buried mines)

18. Control of clearance depth: Hydraulic19. Machines in use: 1 prototype20. Location of use: U.S. for tests21. Total area cleared so far: 1,000,000m2

22. Other types: Flail system attached to Leopard 1 (Norwegian ArmedForces)

d. System specifications23. Engine: Not given24. Fuel capacity: 450l25. Fuel consumption: 17-33l/h depending on ground conditionsa)

26. Separate engine for tilling unit: Yes. Cummins diesel engine with 525hp27. Transition: Not given28. Cooling system engine: Not given29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 250l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes31. Operator comfort: Not given32. Armour: Not given33. Remote controlled: Yes

• greatest distance 3,000m in line sight

f. Costs34. Cost of system: Not known yet35. Training: Not known yet36. Other costs: Not known yet37. Transport limitation: Low loader and the flail unit needs to be disassembled

before road transportation38. Availability for hire: Not given

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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 5,550mm 10,300mm 4,800mm2. Length total: 9,030 mm with all 14,300mm 10,500mm

Minelifta parts3. Width without attachment: 2,900 mm with blade 3,030mm 3,400mm

removed and noMinelifta parts fitted

4. Width total: 3,340 mm with all 4,470mm 5,000mmMinelifta parts 3,970 mmwith standardbulldozer blade(removeable)

5. Clearance width: 2,740mm 3,500mm 4,000mm6. Height, overall: 3,580 mm 3,700mm 4,000mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 15,530kg 28,086kg 21,500 kg8. Mass, demining unit: 19,970kg 8,394kg 5,700kg9. Mass, total: 35,500kg 36,480kg, with tracks 32,000kg

39,680kg

b. Driving specifications10 Wheels/ tracks: Tracks (660mm width) 8 tyres 650/65-26.5 and Tracks

4 tracks 750mm wide11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.82kg/cm² Front: 0.96kg/cm²; Not given (depends

Rear: 0.6kg/cm² on type of tracks)12. Hill climbing ability: OK up to 30° – not 20% in operation and 27°

tested above 30°. 30% while driving

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chains: 72 76 on each rotor 96

• length of chains: First rotor: 697mm; 116mmSecond rotor: 793mm

14. Gap between chains: 155mm (static centered) Overlapping 42mm15. Rotation speed: Up to 200rpm Up to 360 rpm Up to 300rpm16. Clearance depth, max: Up to 200mm 1st rotor: up to 15cm; Up to 250mm

2nd rotor: up to 30cm17. Working speed:

• light soil/small vegetation: 2,740m2/ha) Approx. 900m²/h 2,800-8,400m2/h (surface laid mines)a)

• medium soil/medium vegetation: 1,800m2/ha) Approx. 600m²/h —• heavy soil/dense vegetation: 800m2/ha) Approx. 300 m²/h 120-4,200m2/h(buried

mines)18. Control of clearance depth: Manual from 0-20cm. Manual by hydraulic Hydraulic

Depth controlled by pressure angle of bucket setby driver

19. Machines in use: Not yet; one machine 9 1 prototypeavailable for field usefrom July 2002

20. Location of use: Not yet used; only Croatia, Middle East, U.S. for teststested in the U.K. Sweden

21. Total area cleared so far: Approx. 130,000m2 6.5million m2 by 8/2003 1,000,000m2

22. Other types: None Not given Flail system attachedto Leopard 1(Norwegian Armed Forces)

d. System specifications23. Engine: — John Deere, 6 cyl. Not given

diesel engine with 220hp24. Fuel capacity: 406l for Komatsu dozer/ 180l in one tank for 450l

fuel capacity flail engine both enginespack to be confirmed.

Minelifta Scanjack 3500 Viking MSC

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25. Fuel consumption: Depending on ground Max. 60-80l/h in 17-33l/h depending onconditions. To be operation ground conditionsconfirmed.

26. Separate engine for flail unit: Yes. Flail unit driven by Yes; Scania V8 diesel Yes. Cummins diesel200kw diesel engine. engine with 550hp engine with 525hpFuture units to have150kw diesel engine.

27. Transition Not given Hydrostatic – Not givenmechanical power

28. Cooling system engine: 50l Komatsu dozer/flail Water Not givenengine is air cooled

29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 50l for Komatsu dozer/ 390l for both machines 250lflail engine capacity tobe confirmed

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes Yes Yes31. Operator comfort: Not given Ergonomic chair and

controls, radio32. Armour: 6mm of CP 50 armour 12–13mm ARMOX 500S Not given

on driver’s cab toughened plate forthe cabin and 41mmprotection glass windows.10mm ARMOX forhydraulic system andthe rest of the machine

33. Remote controlled: No No. Optional remote Yescontrol

• greatest distance 300m in line of sight 3,000m in line sight

f. Costs34. Cost of machine: To be negotiated U.S.$1,000,000 Not known yet35. Training: Can be included Included; during

manufacturing andtwo months afterdelivery

36. Other costs: Not known yet• spare parts set: Spares available as U.S.$95,000

needed• full servicecontract: U.S.$6,000/month• cost of 1 trailer/truck + 1 truck U.S.$1,195,000 + service with crane: and transportation

37. Transport limitation: Needs low-loader for 3.03m wide and 4.2m Low-loader and the flailoverland transport. high on low bed unit needs to beCan be containerised trailer disassembledfor shipping. before road

transportation38. Availability for hire: Yes Financial leasing pending Not given

credit approval and fulldemining service rentalincluding crew andservice

Viking MSCScanjack 3500Minelifta

a. According to the manufacturer.

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Section 2

Tiller systems

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FMR 2000HADI Maschinenbau GmbH, Austria

General descriptionThe FMR 2000 is based on a self-propelled milling crusher built by HADI Maschinenbau GmbH(Austria) for the restoration of forestry, particularly in mountainous areas. The first vehicle wasbuilt in 2000.It is designed to clear anti-personnel mines, although tests with anti-tank mines up to 7.5kg did notcause serious damage.The system consists of an armoured, tracked vehicle equipped with a front-mounted tilling drum,operated by remote control. The transmitter is incorporated into a 2kg portable control desk andhas a battery life of 8 hours for one charge of the accumulator. The protected 70cm frequency bandtransmits all control signals out to 1,000m, guaranteeing sufficient safety distance for the operator.If the radio link fails, the machine automatically stops and switches off.A second radio link transmits a video signal. Video cameras mounted front and rear broadcast ona TFT-LCD monitor, showing the action in front and behind the machine. The FMR 2000 can beoperated from within a protected cabin, negating the need control from line of sight. The total weight of the machine is 38 tonnes, driven by a 526hp Mercedes-Benz engine. The overdriveachieves 6.5km/h on paved roads. For transportation over longer distances, a low-loader or flatbedtruck is used.

Clearance methodologyThe FMR 2000 is a tiller system with a multi-graduated crushing chamber. The tiller uses itscarbide-tipped milling chisels to detonate or break up anti-personnel mines. The tiller rotatesclockwise at 400-700rpm. If mines that are detonated by the tiller cause damage to chisels, they canbe replaced. Particles of mines that have not been detonated are fed into the crushing chamber,where the pieces are further fragmented by a special steel plated cutting blade into pieces no largerthan 30mm x 30mm. Rock and scrap metal that enter the system will be similarly shredded. The255cm-wide tiller drum has an automatically controlled clearance depth to a maximum of 400mm.A grader at the back of the vehicle distributes loosened soil evenly.

Machines in use to dateOne prototype was finished in early 2001. By mid-2001, the machine had begun clearance inBosnia and Herzegovina.

FMR 2000

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rReported limitations and strengths

LimitationsMainly for clearance of anti-personnel mines.Heavy weight may cause transport problems incountries with poor road infrastructure.The operating temperature of the prototype is35°C. After modifications of the cooling systemit will be raised to 45°C.2

StrengthsThe machine can be used in rocky areas.High clearance performance up to 400mmground penetration.Ability to cut vegetation up to 250mm indiameter.Good ground pressure distribution due to700mm wide tracks. Operates well on wetground.

1. Amt für Wehrtechnik, Mineneräumer FMR 2000 HADI, Vienna, August 2002. Report available at the GICHD("missing mine was not found").2. According to the manufacturer.

Engine, fuel and oilHydraulic pumps for drive and tool hydraulic system are driven by a Mercedes-Benz water-cooled diesel engine requiring normal diesel fuel.

Factory supportChisels and crushing tools can be changed quickly. Where possible, off-the-shelf spare partsare used.HADI provide a call-out service.Spare parts provided for two years as part of purchase package.Operators are trained in Amstetten, Austria, to operate and maintain the system.Manuals and SOPs are available in German and English.

Maintenance and supportVisual check of chisels, oil level, and tightness of hoses and gaskets to be carried out daily.HADI recommends a 100% check by a manufacturer’s mechanic annually.One controller and one mechanic are recommended to crew the machine.

Tests and evaluationsCurrently the only test involving a live anti-tank mine was conducted by the manufacturer.According to the manufacturer, this did not harm the machine.In mid-2001, a suspect area in Bosnia and Herzegovina was cleared with assistance from theNGO HELP e.V. as part of evaluation and testing. Results have not yet been given.In July 2002, the machine was tested by the “Amt für Wehrtechnik” (Austrian Governmentorganization) using dummy mines. Clearance performance of 99.5% was reported.1

Tiller unit in operation

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Bofors Defence AB, Sweden

Mine-Guzzler

General descriptionIn 1995, Bofors Defence began developing mechanical demining equipment and the first test vehiclewas completed before the end of that year. A second test vehicle has been operationally tested inBosnia and Herzegovina.The two test vehicles were built on the Leopard 1 main battle tank chassis. The optimised deminingvehicle is now redesigned and based completely on commercial components for easy maintenance,easy repair and high accessibility of spare parts.Bofors Mine-Guzzler is based on a double track arrangement used commercially. A deminingtiller is located on hydraulic supports at the front of the vehicle and powered by a 640kw enginewith hydrostatic drive. The complete vehicle is fully protected against fragments from detonationof mines and UXO. Any plates that become damaged can be easily replaced in the field byoxyacetylene cutting and welding. Each vehicle can be equipped with a spare roller to enable thedemining work to continue while a tiller is undergoing repair. A complete tiller change can beeffected in less than 30 minutes using the hydraulic supports to lift the tiller for access or to load/unload the roller onto a transport vehicle.The 45-tonne Bofors Mine-Guzzler may be operated either by remote control using onboard televisioncameras or from the protection of the driver’s cabin. This is further protected against fragments bya raised armoured superstructure. The driver’s cabin is designed to withstand detonations from12kg of explosives (TNT).The Mine-Guzzler is made up of four parts — the protected cabin, the chassis, the enginecompartment and the tiller unit. These can all be easily disassembled for transportation if required.This facilitates transport in countries with poor road infrastructure.

Clearance methodologyThe vehicle drives forward into the suspect area by revolving the tiller unit. It rotates clockwisewith a speed up to 190rpm. The demining tiller, which can be angled to follow ground undulations,is adjustable for depth and automatically maintains the depth set. The tiller comprises a series ofcircular plates fitted with tungsten carbide teeth around their outer perimeter, which either causethe mines (anti-personnel and anti-tank) to detonate or break them into small pieces.The Mine-Guzzler can clear anti-personnel and anti-tank mines to a depth of 50cm and over aneffective width of 3m. Maximum demining speed is 4km/h depending on ground conditions.

Mine-Guzzler with Caterpillar engine

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1. CROMAC test report.


StrengthsThe Mine-Guzzler is designed to destroy anti-personnel and anti-tank mines.Mine-Guzzler can easily cope with thickvegetation as well as individual trees up to 20cmin diameter.1

Good daily efficiency of the machine duringclearance operations.1

LimitationsThe Mine-Guzzler is a large, tracked vehicle.Over long distances on deployment tominefields it will need to be transported bylow-loader.Air filters should be improved.1

The oil cooling system should be technicallymodified to avoid overheating.1

Machines in use to dateOne machine.Two prototypes were previously made on a Leopard 1 chassis.

Engine, fuel and oilA caterpillar 3412E 640kw engine powers the Mine-Guzzler with 800l diesel capacity. Thetiller unit does not have a separate engine. The hydraulic oil capacity for the tracks is 200l,while the lift and tilt system requires 70l.During two tests in Germany in October 2000, the average fuel consumption was 70-90l/h.

Factory supportSpares specific to Mine-Guzzler are provided directly from Bofors Defence AB.A package of training, spare parts and equipment support is negotiable between the purchaserand Bofors Defence AB.The company will provide trained operators to purchasers that do not wish to train local staff.

Maintenance and supportThe current model of Mine-Guzzler incorporatesa chassis and track system widely available onthe international market in order to facilitate localrepair and parts replacement where possible.The tiller teeth are constructed from extremelytough tungsten carbide steel.

Tests and evaluationsIn May-June 2000, the Mine-Guzzler was testedin Croatia together with CROMAC. A suspect areaof 80,000m2 was cleared. The machine also passedthe CROMAC test.In October 2000, a comparative test with fivedifferent machines was carried out by the BWB(Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung)on behalf of the German Army. Mine-Guzzlerachieved the best overall results.In February 2001, the machine was tested by theEgyptian Armed Forces in Egypt. The test wasperformed in live minefields in Hurghada and Safaga.In July 2001, the Swedish Army at their test facilities (SWEDEC) in Eksjö, Sweden, tested theMine-Guzzler. The test results are not yet available.

Mine-Guzzler detonating an anti-vehicle mine

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Minebreaker 2000/2FFG Flensburger Fahrzeugbau GmbH, Federal Republic of Germany

General descriptionThe Minebreaker 2000/2 is based on a Leopard 1 chassis. A hydraulically-powered rotating tillerdrum is mounted at the front of the vehicle. The tiller is designed to detonate or break up mines. Themanufacturer claims that the tiller unit will withstand detonations from common types of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines. With its main battle tank chassis, the Minebreaker 2000/2 hasgood all-terrain capability. Twenty millimetre steel armour and 70mm glass and blast-pressure-decreasing shock absorbers protect the crew compartment.The chassis and tilling drum are powered hydraulically by a multi-pump transfer gear. Hydrostaticdrive gives the Minebreaker a cruising speed of 4 km/h and a working speed of up to 20m perminute.The Minebreaker 2000/2 is controlled by two joysticks: one to steer the vehicle and the other toadjust the clearance depth. This allows for uncomplicated operator training. The tilling drum isfitted with removable tungsten steel teeth that can be replaced when worn or broken.The tiller unit of Minebreaker 2000/2 is of a modular design and can be fitted to other prime moverssuch as T55, T64, M48, M60, and Leopard 2.

Clearance methodologyThe front-mounted tilling drum with tungsten steel teeth rotates anti-clockwise in order to hit themines from below, preventing the possibility of them being compacted into the ground.The teeth should detonate or break up mines. The system is designed to destroy anti-personnel andanti-tank mines.During testing and evaluation, Minebreaker achieved a clearance rate of 1.5-2ha/day over soil intemperate regions. As part of normal operation, vegetation and tripwires are removed.

Machines in use to dateCurrently there are three machines in use:

One system was purchased by South Korea in September 2000 to demine the inner-Koreanborder.One system owned by FFG working in Bosnia and Herzegovina on behalf of the GermanForeign Office, in cooperation with local entity forces and the German NGO Demira. Withinterruptions, this system has been in use since 1999.One system purchased by German Armed Forces was deployed to Afghanistan in August2002 to support ISAF operations. The machine is still in service and has cleared significant

Minebreaker 2000/2 in operation in Afghanistan

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Reported limitations and strengthsLimitations

Large, heavy machine with difficulttransportability.Difficult mobility in countries where roadinfrastructure is poor.

StrengthsPowerful engine.Tiller system will clear vegetation and tripwiresas it clears mines.For use in anti-personnel and anti-tankminefields.

areas at Bagram airbase and Kabul airport. During operations in Afghanistan, more than1,000 landmines, including a number of anti-vehicle mines, were cleared.1

Engine, fuel and oilMinebreaker 2000/2 runs on ordinary diesel fuel. Hydraulic fluid should be checked and ifnecessary changed every 2,000 running hours.Fuel consumption varies due to different applications from 60-100l per operating hour.

Factory supportThe Leopard tank has seen long service in the German Army and numerous other countries.Extensive data relating to the performance characteristics of the Minebreaker chassis are inexistence.The hydraulic system of the tiller unit uses standard components widely available on theinternational market.FFG offers logistical support, training and supply of spare parts as part of the purchase price.Long term projects can be provided with a mobile workshop.Operating instructions are currently available in English, Croat, German and Mandarin.Warranty terms are negotiable, however the standard warranty covers six months or 500running hours, whichever comes first.

Tilling drum with tungsten teeth

1. According to the manufacturer and German Armed Forces.

Surface after treatment with tiller unit

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Countermine Engineering AB, Sweden

Oracle

General descriptionThe Oracle demining system was first developed in Sweden in 1994. It is based on an armouredCaterpillar 973 TTL MCAP. The main mine clearance tool on the Oracle is a three-segmented,rotating tiller drum fitted with replaceable tungsten steel teeth, called Spitfire. If one of the threesegments of the roller is seriously damaged, it can be replaced independently of the other two.There are two types of tiller axle assemblies available. The depth at which mines are expected to befound as well as local soil conditions will dictate the choice of axle. Depending on the axle selectedthe manufacturer claims that the system will clear to a depth of 300mm or 450mm.Spitfire features three different types of carbide bits. Depending on the configuration chosen, thenumber of bits mounted to the tiller drum will be 126, 168 or 252. The staggered positioning of thedigging tools on the rotor is designed to prevent anti-personnel mines passing between them.1 TheSpitfire tiller unit is powered by a commercial Caterpillar diesel engine and hydraulic pump system(HPU), towed behind the prime mover on a trailer armoured to the same specification. It features astandard Caterpillar track system.The combined weight of the Oracle system is 53 tonnes, making it difficult for use in swampy/wetterrain.1

Other attachments for the Caterpillar dozer, such as a demolition bucket and a mine clearance rakecan be fitted. The Caterpillar mine rake is standard equipment to the U.S. Army. Designed to ripmines out from the soil, the rake has a clearance width of 366cm down to an average depth of 30cm.The rake uses 35°-angled tines, replaceable when damaged. The upturned soil and hopefully anymines within it, are pushed to the right side of the unit in a windrow.The Oracle system can be operated either by VHF remote control or driven directly by an operator.Manual control of the vehicle is reckoned to be physically taxing.1

Clearance methodologyThe tiller drum rotates clockwise at 120-240rpm (depending on soil conditions) and achieves anaverage penetration depth of 30-40cm. A depth sensor fixed to the rotor regulates the clearancedepth. The working ground penetration is not always constant as the depth sensor compensatesfor undulations of terrain.1 The action of the rotating tungsten steel teeth is intended to detonate orbreak up mines. Oracle is designed to clear both anti-personnel and anti-tank mines. The clearancewidth of the system is 322cm, achieving an average clearance capacity of 800m2/h1 over temperatezone soil. During demining, the maximum speed of Oracle is 5km/h.2

The Oracle system with thetrailer-mounted power pack

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LimitationsOracle is large and cumbersome, not ideal formanoeuvring in tight spaces.With its towed power-pack, it is difficult to turnand reverse.1

Over longer distances, Oracle will requiretransportation by low-loader.During tests overheating of the engine wasfrequent. Air filters require improvement.1

The driver’s cab ventilation system allows theingress of dust.1

StrengthsThe tiller unit appears well designed andwithstands powerful blasts incurring minordamage.1Oracle can easily cope with thick vegetationas well as individual trees up to 20cm.1

Powerful engine.1

Machines in use to dateOne machine, operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Engine, fuel and oilThe prime mover is powered by a 210kw Caterpillar 3306 diesel engine. The HPU has a 738kwCaterpillar 3412E diesel engine. The fuel capacity for this attached unit is 1,136l.The fuel consumption during mine clearance operations in Croatia was approximately 200lper hour.The manufacturer does not provide other details.

Factory supportThe Spitfire system uses Caterpillar components. Caterpillar has a worldwide service andparts logistical organisation. Caterpillar claims to be able to deliver parts to any locationwithin 48 hours.

Maintenance and supportNo information provided by the manufacturer.

Tests and evaluationsIn April-June 2000, Oracle was tested in Croatia by CROMAC. A minefield of 116,000m2 wascleared.Representatives of Countermine Engineering AB did not permit testing of Oracle against theeffects of the PROM-1 mine.Detonation of a TMM-1 caused minor damage, repairable within 30 minutes. A combineddetonation of a TMA-3 and a TMA-4 caused the loss of small components, also repairable.Oracle successfully destroyed mines.

1. CROMAC test report.2. According to the manufacturer.

Spitfire tiller unit with carbide metal cutting bits

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RhinoRheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH, Federal Republic of Germany

General descriptionThe Rheinmetall Landsysteme Rhino is a 58-tonne, manned or remote-controlled system based oncommercially available components. A Caterpillar engine powers the tracked, hydraulically drivenmachine. A power-split gearbox diverts the engine power into three hydraulic pump groups. Themachine is protected by armour. Cameras are mounted at the front and rear, providing colourimages to monitor screens with the remote operator. Rhino is designed to clear anti-personnel andanti-tank mines, including in areas with dense vegetation. A newly developed flail unit can beattached to the prime mover for use against anti-tank mines.The range of attachments for the prime mover includes a double tiller unit, a flail unit and a dozerblade.

Clearance methodologyThe tiller unit consists of two, 3.45m-wide hydraulically-driven tiller drums attached to the chassisby a quick connect system. The larger, lower drum rotates anti-clockwise in order to preventcompaction of soil and mines. The tiller drum works at around 120rpm, while the smaller, uppertiller drum works at 600rpm in the opposite direction. The lower drum cuts the soil and carries theexcavated soil to the upper tiller where any object among the spoil larger than 5cm x 5cm is crushed.Mines are either detonated on contact with the lower drum or are broken up between the tillers.Ground penetration depth is regulated automatically by feelers on either side of the unit, ensuringa near constant level during operation. This can be overridden for manual control. An averageclearance depth of 50cm is achieved, according to the manufacturer.The anti-tank flail unit operates in a manner conventional to most flail systems. Mines will detonateor be broken up by the heavy chains. According to the manufacturer, the detonation of "normal"anti-tank mines will not damage the system.

Machines in use to dateS/N 02 in use since August 1998 in Croatia by AKD Mungos, a Croatian demining company.By the end of 2000, some 7,000,000 m² had been cleared.S/N 03 in test/operation from August 1999 – May 2000 in Cambodia with CMAC/CARE.S/N 04 purchased by CECOM (U.S.) in 1999. In test/operation in 2000 with Jordanian Army.In 2001, the S/N04 was tested and operated by the Israeli Defence Forces.S/N 05 was delivered in October 2000 to the South Korean Army.Deployment to Azerbaijan is planned for 2004.

The Rhino in operation

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LimitationsRoad speed limited to 3.8km/h.Heavy weight. Requires careful planning totransport.Due to its weight it is difficult to operate in softterrain.

StrengthsDue to size and clearing capacity, it is bestemployed in suspect areas greater than 50,000-100,000m².Self-recovery possible.Full operator protection due to remote control.Several auxiliary means e.g. air compressor,cable remote-control.High survivability proven e.g. the system wasfield repairable even after a double anti-tankmine was detonated under the tracks.


Engine, fuel and oilSingle engine plus auxiliary engine (generator during maintenance). Normal diesel oil required.Biodegradable long-life hydraulic oil is recommended. Normal mineral hydraulic oil can beused.Average fuel consumption is 100l per hour, but this varies with working conditions.

Factory supportA small spare parts package or a more comprehensive option is offered by the manufacturer.Consumable spares for approx. 800 operational hours are offered.Additional maintenance set (e.g. generator, welding equipment) is available. Many Rhinocomponents are commercially available from other producers.Operator courses provided by manufacturer in Germany plus on-site technical assistancePurchase price includes full tool set, English version operation and maintenance manuals,spare parts catalogue, hydraulic and electrical schematic. Translation into other languagescan be arranged.Warranty limited to 800 hours or six months, whichever comes first. An extra warranty isnegotiable.

Maintenance and supportManufacturer recommends simple daily, weekly and 250 hour (engine oil change) maintenancechecks. Many of the sub-systems do not require scheduled maintenance.Manufacturer advises that no distinction be made between operator and mechanic. Two teamsof two men, each under a commander are recommended. A team should operate for two hoursbefore being relieved, while maintenance is a combined effort.

Tests and evaluationsIn 1997, in cooperation with a client, RheinmetallLandsysteme conducted tests using live and inertanti-personnel and anti-tank mines. The copyrightof the test report is owned by CECOM, U.S.Tested in Cambodia by CMAC in 1999/2000. TheCMAC report is available from RheinmetallLandsysteme and is already distributed to severalagencies, including the GICHD and UNMAS.The Israeli Defence Force tested the system in threedifferent environments. A test report is available.In October 2000, a comparative test with five differentmachines was carried out by the BWB (Bundesamtfür Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung) on behalf of theGerman Army.Operational advice based on experience is offered by Rhino user AKD Mungos, Croatia.

Tiller system of the Rhino

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Technical data sheet FMR 2000a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: Not given2. Length total: 7,800mm3. Width without attachment: 2,665mm (transportation width)4. Width total: 3,335mm5. Clearance width: 2,580mm6. Height, overall: 4,080mm (with antenna)7. Mass, basic vehicle: 32,000kg8. Mass, demining unit: 6,000kg9. Mass, total: 38,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks with a width of 700mm11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.75 kg/cm2

12. Hill climbing ability: 30°

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chisels: Approx. 14014. Gap between drum and chisels: 15mm and 15/5mm15. Diameter of drum: 750mm16. Rotation speed: 400-700rpm17. Clearance depth, max: Normal operation 0-400mm, max. 600mma) depending

on soil conditions.18. Working speed:

• light soil/ small vegetation: 180m/h = approx. 450m2/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 120m/h = approx. 300m2/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 90 m/h = approx. 225m2/h

19. Control of clearance depth: Automatic20. Machines in use: Yes21. Other types: No22. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina23. Total area cleared so far: 100,000 m2

d. System specifications24. Engine: Mercedes-Benz OM 502 LA25. Fuel capacity: 900l26. Fuel consumption: Not given27. Separate engine for tilling unit: No28. Transition: Not given29. Cooling system engine: Water cooled30. Hydraulic oil capacity: Not given

e. Comfort and security31. Air conditioning: Not given32. Operator comfort: TV monitor with cameras in front (movable) and rear.33. Armour: Yes. No further information available.34. Remote control: Yes

• greatest distance 1,000m

f. Costs35. Cost of system: On customer demand. 5-day training course is included

in the price.36. Other costs: Details on request37. Transport limitation: Max. speed on tracks 6.5km/h. Normally on trailer38. Availability for hire: Yes


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Technical data sheet Mine-Guzzlera. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 7,560mm2. Length total: 8,460mm3. Width without attachment: 3,340mm4. Width total: 4,120mm5. Clearance width: 3,000mm6. Height, overall: 3,550 mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 33,000kg8. Mass, demining unit: 15,000kg9. Mass, total: 48,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.98 kg/cm²12. Hill climbing ability: More than 30° (depends on grip for the tracks)

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chisels: 15 discs with 405 teeth14. Gap between drums/chisels: 25mm (dynamically set)15. Diameter of drum: 1,250mm16. Rotation speed: Up to 190rpm17. Clearance depth, max.: Up to 500mm in light soil18. Working speeda)

• light soil/ small vegetation: 1,200m²/h up to 4,000m2/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 1,000 m²/h

19. Control of clearance depth: Automatic20. Machines in use: 121. Other types: 2 prototypes, earlier made on Leopard 1 chassis22. Location of use: Croatia and Egypt23. Total area cleared so far: Approx. 800,000m2

d. System specifications24. Engine: Caterpillar 3412 E25. Fuel capacity: 800l26. Fuel consumption: 40-85l/h (depending on depth and soil)b)

27. Separate engine for tilling unit: No28. Transition: Not given29. Cooling system engine: 170l (50/50 water and glycol)30. Hydraulic oil capacity: 200l for tracks and 70l for lift and tilt system

e. Comfort and security31. Air conditioning: Yes; AC and heater with air inlet filter.32. Operator comfort: Suspension in chair, four-point safety belt, automatic

speed control, low noise, TV monitor with cameras in front(movable) and rear, overpressure valve, emergencyhatch.

33. Armour: 16mm armour and 46mm protection glass34. Remote control: Yes

• greatest distance 800m

f. Costs35. Cost of system: Approx. U.S.$1,500,00036. Other costs: Not given37. Transport limitation: Max. speed on tracks 7km/h. Normally on trailer in one or

two parts.38. Availability for hire: Yes

a) CROMAC test report.b) During the test series in Germany, 70 and 90l per hour (Wehrtechnische Dienstelle für Pionier- undTruppengerät, Kurzbericht, 15 January 2001).

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Technical data sheet Minebreaker 2000/2


a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: Not given2. Length total: 10,940mm3. Width without attachment: 3,250mm4. Width total: 4,510mm5. Clearance width: 3,690mm6. Height, overall: 3,310mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 33,500kg8. Mass, demining unit: 13,500kg9. Mass, total: 47,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks Diehl D 640 A11. Ground pressure, max weight: 960N/cm²12. Hill climbing ability: 50%a)

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chisels: 6614. Gap between chisels: 60mm15. Diameter of drum: Not given16. Rotation speed: Up to 100rpm17. Clearance depth, max: Up to 500mm18. Working speeda)

• light soil/ small vegetation: Up to 4,000m²/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: Up to 2,400m²/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: Up to 1,000m²/h

19. Control of clearance depth: Mechanic20. Machines in use: 321. Other types: Minebreaker 200022. Location of use: Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Korea.23. Total area cleared so far: Approximately 1,500,000m2

d. System specifications24. Engine: MTU MB 838 with 10 cylinders and 830hp25. Fuel capacity: 940l26. Fuel consumption: Max. 100l/h27. Separate engine for tilling unit: No28. Transition: Hydrostatic29. Cooling system engine: Water30. Hydraulic oil capacity: 650l

e. Comfort and security31. Air conditioning: Optional32. Operator comfort: A high degree of comfort for the operator is achieved by

using standard components (seat, instruments, etc.) fromindustry

33. Armour: Original Leopard 1 chassis; cabin with 20mm armouredsteel and 70mm protection glass

34. Remote control: Optional• greatest distance: 1,000m

f. Costs35. Cost of system: For clearing operations €0.5 per m2. This includes one

operator, fuel, spare parts etc. but no transportation• machine: On request• training: Usually included in the system price• spare parts: Depending

36. Other costs On customer request37. Transport limitation: By road or deployed with commercially-available trailers

caterpillar-track vehicles.38. Availability for hire: Yes

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Technical data sheet Oracle


a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 4,947mm2. Length total: 13,800mm3. Width without attachment: 2,580mm4. Width total: 4,500 mm5. Clearance width: 3,220mm6. Height, overall: 3,640mm7. Mass, basic vehicle (including HPU): 46,400kg8. Mass, demining unit: 6,790kg9. Mass, total: 53,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.89 kg/cm² (basic vehicle)12. Hill climbing ability: 50%a)

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chisels: 126, 168, or 252 depending on tool configuration14. Gap between drums/ chisels: 25-75mm depending on tool configuration

Dynamically: Not given15. Diameter of drum: 1,200mm16. Rotation speed: 120-240rpm17. Clearance depth, max: 200, 300 or 450mma)

18. Working speed:a) Approx. 800 m²/h19. Control of clearance depth: Automatic20. Machines in use: 121. Other types: Not given22. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia23. Total area cleared so far: Not given

d. System specifications24. Engine: Caterpillar 3306, 210kw25. Fuel capacity: 1,136l26. Fuel consumption: 200l approx. per houra)

27. Separate engine for tilling unit: Yes (Caterpillar 3412E, 738 kw)28. Transition: Not given29. Cooling system engine: Not given30. Hydraulic oil capacity: Not given

e. Comfort and security31. Air conditioning: Optional32. Operator comfort: Not given33. Armour: Not given34. Remote control: Optional

• greatest distance Not given

f. Costs35. Cost of system: Not given36. Other costs: Not given37. Transport limitation: Max. speed on tracks 10 km/h38. Availability for hire: Not given

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Technical data sheet Rhinoa. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 7,800mm2. Length total: 9,600mm3. Width without attachment: 3,000mm

Flail unit incl. level feeler: 4,400mm4. Width total: 4,200mm5. Clearance width: 3,500mm6. Height, overall: 3,200mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 46,000kg8. Mass, dozer blade: 2,000kg9. Mass, demining unit (tiller): 14,000kg

• flail unit 6,000-8,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: 2 commercial tracks each 700mm wide11. Ground pressure, max weight: 10 N/cm²12. Hill climbing ability: 24°

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chisels/ flail elements

• lower drum: 360• upper drum: 174• flail unit: 16-18 elements

14. Gap between drum and chisels: Not given15. Diameter of drum: Not given16. Rotation speed

• lower drum: Up to 120rpm• upper drum: Up to 600rpm• flail unit: 300-400rpm

17. Clearance depth, max: Up to 500mma)

• flail unit: Up to 250mm18. Working speed

• light soil/ small vegetation: 2,000m²/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 1,000m²/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 600m²/h

19. Control of clearance depth: Automatic by mechanical sensors/electronic controllerwith manual override possibility, or manually

20. Machines in use: 321. Other types: No22. Location of use: Cambodia, Croatia, Israel, Jordan, Republic of Korea23. Total area cleared so far: More than 7,000,000m2

d. System specifications24. Engine: Caterpillar 3412 with 660kw25. Fuel capacity: 1,700l26. Fuel consumption: Approx. 100l/h27. Separate engine for tilling unit: No28. Transition: Hydrostatic29. Cooling system engine: Water/air30. Hydraulic oil capacity: Approx. 1,000l

e. Comfort and security31. Air conditioning: Yes32. Operator comfort: Remote control desk could be used in a tent or installed

in a 10 foot container/ truck with a/c and heating devices33. Armour: Protection glasses, minimum 10mm steel plates34. Remote control: Bi-directional link with watch dog, vehicles data

indicated on remote control box, max distance: 1,000m35. Cost of system: Not given36. Other costs: Not given37. Transport limitation: Trailer38. Availaibility for hire: Not currently.

a) During the testing in Germany 30cm were required, Rhino achieved between 18 and 43cm.

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FMR 2000


a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: Not given 7,560mm2. Length total: 7,800mm 8,460mm3. Width without attachment: 2,665mm (transportation width) 3,340mm

• flail unit incl. level feeler:4. Width total: 3,335mm 4,120mm5. Clearance width: 2,580mm 3,000mm6. Height, overall: 4,080mm (with antenna) 3,550 mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 32,000kg 33,000kg8. Mass, demining unit: 6,000kg 15,000kg9. Mass, total: 38,000kg 48,000kg

• flail unit

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks with a width of 700mm Tracks

11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.75 kg/cm2 0.98 kg/cm²12. Hill climbing ability: 30° More than 30° (depends on grip

for the tracks)

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chisels: Approx. 140 15 discs with 405 teeth

• lower drum:• upper drum:• flail unit:

14. Gap between drum/chisels: 15mm and 15/5mm dynamicalls set: 25mm

15. Diameter of drum: 750mm 1,250mm16. Rotation speed: 400-700rpm Up to 190rpm17. Clearance depth, max: Normal operation 0-400mm, max. Up to 500mm in light soil

600mma)depending on soilconditions.

18. Working speed:• light soil/ small vegetation: 180m/h = approx. 450m2/h 1,200m²/h up to 4,000m2/hb)

• medium soil/medium vegetation: 120m/h = approx. 300m2/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 90 m/h = approx. 225m2/h 1,000 m²/hb)

19. Control of clearance depth: Automatic Automatic

20. Machines in use: Yes 1

21. Other types: No 2 prototypes, earlier made onLeopard 1 chassis

22. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia and Egypt

23. Total area cleared so far: 100,000 m2 Approx. 800,000m2

d. System specifications24. Engine: Mercedes-Benz OM 502 LA Caterpillar 3412 E

25. Fuel capacity: 900l 800l26. Fuel consumption: Not given 40-85l/h (depending on depth

and soil)c)

27. Separate engine for tilling unit: No No28. Transition: Not given Not given29. Cooling system engine: Water cooled 170l (50/50 water and glycol)30. Hydraulic oil capacity: Not given 200l for tracks and 70l for lift and

tilt system

Mine-Guzzler

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RhinoOracleMinebreaker 2000/2

Not given 4,947mm 7,800mm10,940mm 13,800mm 9,600mm3,250mm 2,580mm 3,000mm

4,400mm4,510mm 4,500 mm 4,200mm3,690mm 3,220mm 3,500mm3,310mm 3,640mm 3,200mm33,500kg 46,400kg 46,000kg13,500kg 6,790kg 2,000kg47,000kg 53,000kg 14,000kg

6,000-8,000kg

Tracks Diehl D 640 A Tracks 2 commercial tracks each700mm wide

960N/cm² 0.89 kg/cm² (basic vehicle) 10 N/cm²50%a) 50%a) 24°

66 126, 168, or 252 depending ontool configuration

36017416-18 elements

60mm 25-75mm depending on tool Not givenconfiguration • lower drum: up to 120rpm

• upper drum: up to 600rpm• flail unit: 300-400rpm

Not given 1,200mm Not givenUp to 100rpm 120-240rpmUp to 500mm 200, 300 or 450mma) Up to 500mmd)

• flail unit: Up to 500mmApprox. 800 m²/h

Up to 4,000m²/h 2,000 m²/hUp to 2,400m²/h 1,000 m²/hUp to 1,000m²/h 600 m²/h

Mechanic Automatic Automatic by mechanicalsensors/electronic controllerwith manual overridepossibility, or manually

3 1 3

Minebreaker 2000 Not given No

Afghanistan, Bosnia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia Cambodia, Croatia, Israel,Herzegovina, Republic of Korea. Jordan, Republic of KoreaApproximately 1,500,000m2 Not given More than 7,000,000m2

MTU MB 838 with 10 cylinders Caterpillar 3306, 210kw Caterpillar 3412 with 660kwand 830hp940l 1,136l 1,700lMax. 100l/h 200l approx. per houra) Approx. 100l/h

No Yes (Caterpillar 3412E, 738 kw) NoHydrostatic Not given HydrostaticWater Not given Water/air650l Not given Approx. 1,000l

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Mine-GuzzlerFMR 2000

e. Comfort and security31. Air conditioning: Not given Yes; AC and heater with air inlet

filter.32. Operator comfort: TV monitor with cameras in front Suspension in chair, four-point

(movable) and rear. safety belt, automatic speedcontrol, low noise, TV monitorwith cameras in front (movable)and rear, overpressure valve, emergency hatch.

33. Armour: Yes. No further information 16mm armour and 46mmavailable. protection glass

34. Remote control: Yes Yes• greatest distance 1,000m 800m

f. Costs35. Cost of system: On customer demand. 5-day Approx. U.S.$1,500,000

training course is included inthe price.

• machine:• training:• spare parts:

36. Other costs: Details on request Not given37. Transport limitation: Max. speed on tracks 6.5km/h. Max. speed on tracks 7km/h.

Normally on trailer Normally on trailer in one ortwo parts.

38. Availability for hire: Yes Yes


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Minebreaker 2000/2 Oracle Rhino

Optional Optional Yes

A high degree of comfort for the Not given Remote control desk could beoperator is achieved by using used in a tent or installed in a 10standard components (seat footcontainer/ truck with a/cinstruments, etc.) from industry and heating devices

Original Leopard 1 chassis; cabin Not given Protection glasses, minimumwith 20mm armoured steel 10mm steel plates and 70mm protection glassOptional Optional Bi-directional link with watch dog,1,000m Not given vehicles data indicated on

remote control box, maxdistance: 1,000 m

For clearing operations €0.5 Not given Not givenper m2. This includes oneoperator, fuel, spare parts, etc. but no transportationOn requestUsually included in the systempriceDependingOn customer request Not given Not givenBy road or deployed with Maximum speed on tracks Trailercommercially-available trailers 10km/hcaterpillar-track vehicles.Yes Not given Not currently

a) According to the manufacturer.b) CROMAC test reportc) During the test series in Germany, 70 and 90l per hour (Wehrtechnische Dienstelle für Pionier- undTruppengerät, Kurzbericht, 15 January 2001).d) During the testing in Germany 30cm were required, Rhino achieved between 18 and 43cm.

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Section 3Combined systems

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MineWolfRUAG Land Systems, Germany

General descriptionMineWolf is a joint German-Swiss mine clearance concept which aims to overcome the limitationsof tillers (weight, size, cost and mobility) while enjoying the advantages of flail systems (groundpenetration depth, vegetation cutting) by combining both systems in one machine. A standardcommercial tractor on tracks is used as the prime mover. It has a 300kw Deutz diesel engine, withpendulum track.Power transmission is provided mechanically by a heavy-duty, power take-off shaft via a turboclutch to provide protection for the driveline.The use of quick coupling facilitates rapid replacement of the demining tool attachments within15minutes. The MineWolf can be operated by locally trained staff.The open-basket tiller design allows expansion of mine blast through the tiller to avoid or reducedamage.The MineWolf is a medium-size, multi-purpose, toolbox demining machine. With standardcommercial attachments, it can also be used for construction, agriculture and forestry. The systemis designed for container transport by road, rail, ship or air. A standard low-loader can be used fortransporting between work sites.The system is available in two configurations: the standard version is not equipped with a cabinswivel-arm and has a reduced ground clearance of 400mm.

Clearance methodologyClearance of mixed anti-personnel/anti-tank mine fields is divided into two phases: first the flailsystem detonates or breaks up anti-personnel and anti-tank mines, then, with a ground penetrationdepth of approx. 30cm, the tiller system breaks up partially exploded or remaining mines andexplosive components not completely destroyed by the flail.The flail attachment is produced by Armtrac Ltd. and is almost the same as that attached to theArmtrac 100. The tiller attachment is not intended for use against anti-tank mines. Of a muchlighter design than most tillers, this attachment is the preferred system when operating in pureanti-personnel minefields. The flail is used for initial clearance phase against anti-personnel/anti-tank minefields, or for purely anti-tank minefields.The clearance depth is automatically controlled. A GPS system assists the operator to keep inlane in case of limited vision caused by dust.

Machines in use to date1 machine in service with the German NGO Help e.V. in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2003.Accredited by the Bosnian Mine Action Centre.

Latest version of the MineWolf

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sReported limitations and strengths

LimitationsThe flail unit left ridges of untouched soil.1

Over long distances the system will requiretransportation on a low-bed trailer.

StrengthsThus far, the concept has proved effectiveduring inert mine tests to 30cm groundpenetration depth.2

Combines flail and tiller systems.The machine is comparatively lightweight.Suited to various, non-demining roles.High safety standard for the operator.Rugged design.

Engine, fuel and oilThe machine is equipped with a 300kw Deutz BF6M1015CP diesel engine (408hp).Fuel consumption is 35-45l per hour.Hydraulic system requires standard oil.

Factory supportOperator training is conducted by the manufacturer:four to five weeks in Germany and one to two weeks atthe programme location. Training is part of thepurchase package.Instruction manuals and documentation available inGerman and English or, if required, the customer’s language.A spare parts kit is included in the purchase package.

Maintenance and supportThere are regular maintenance periods comprising daily, weekly and monthly checks as laiddown in the operator’s manual.The MineWolf can be operated, serviced and maintainedby local staff.The MineWolf is designed for container transport by air,road and sea.Air transport with Transall or Hercules is possible.A standard low-loader can be used for road transport.

Tests and evaluationsA prototype was tested by the Bundeswehr (GermanArmy) at test fields in Koblenz and Meppen in June 2001.The aim of the test was to measure clearance performanceagainst 95 inert anti-personnel and anti-tank test minesburied up to 30cm deep in various soil conditions. TheGerman Army report concludes: "All mines and mine partswere destroyed by the MineWolf, rendering the field safe".Testing by RUAG Land Systems (see below) of the tiller system and protection of cabin andvehicle, with live mines containing up to 7.5kg of TNT. According to the manufacturer, thetests showed that the tiller system and the mechanical power drive are robust and that thedriver is safe under all conditions.Testing by International Test & Evaluations Programme (ITEP) of the flail system with livemines up to 7.5kg of TNT. ITEP reports that: "The most significant conclusion is that the flail unit iswell designed for the venting of large explosive blasts".1

1. ITEP Trial Report, 18 April 2002.2. Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung, Kurzbericht, July 2001, p. 18.

Tiller with depth control

MineWolf in operation

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Redbus LMDSRedbus LMDS Ltd., United Kingdom

The Redbus Land Mine DisposalSystem consisting of the Bigfoot(left) and Mineworm (right)

General descriptionThe Redbus Land Mine Disposal System (LMDS) comprises two machines — Bigfoot andMineworm — and a remote control centre. The Bigfoot is a remote-controlled vehicle with armouredfeet attached to a series of hydraulically-operated pistons. The feet apply pressure to the ground ina sequence in order to detonate landmines.Mineworm follows behind Bigfoot and excavates the soil to a chosen depth, removing UXO fordestruction in its fragmentation bin or for destruction by EOD personnel. Like Bigfoot, Minewormis remotely controlled, with cameras to monitor progress and inspect excavated material.Comprehensive trials were conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2002-2003. An upgradedversion of the system is expected to be available by mid-2004.

Clearance methodologyThe pressure applied by the feet of Bigfoot is controlled to ensure that soil is not compacted (toallow for future crop planting), and functioning mines are detonated rather than broken up.A soil breaker and root cropper is attached in front of Mineworm. This prepares the ground for therotating excavator, which lifts the soil and passes it through the Mineworm. A magnetic ferrousmetal sorter removes objects for inspection. All other material is passed through a fragmenter,where any remaining detonators or explosives should be crushed/fragmented.

Machines in use to dateOne system is operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Engine, fuel and oilThe system engines of the system require normal diesel fuel.Hydraulic fluids are of a type in common use and are therefore readily available.Average consumption is 20l per hour for Bigfoot and 40l per hour for Mineworm.

Factory supportAn initial comprehensive spares pack is provided with the equipment. A spares, training andequipment support package is included.

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Maintenance and supportRedbus claims that it is practical for the LMDS to transport itself for up to 30km.The system has been designed using basic technology. This enhances reliability and ensuresthat it can be both operated and repaired by people with basic mechanical skills.Electronic systems include self-diagnoses contained in a replaceable box supplied by Redbus.The Redbus LMDS has been designed to ensure that it can be logistically supportable in fieldconditions.

The Redbus Bigfoot

Test and evaluationsThe Redbus LMDS has undergone a series of performance tests with the United KingdomDefence Evaluation Research Agency (DERA). Recommendations were made to themanufacturer for further development.The system was tested in Bosnia and Herzegovina between August 2001 and November 2002.


StrengthsSurvivability successfully tested on some typesof anti-tank mine.Remote control system guarantees operatorsafety.System employs variety of clearancetechniques.Ability to operate close to walls and obstacles.

LimitationsBigfoot cannot deal with non-functioningmines.Self-transport up to 30km impractical due to slowroadspeed.Not suitable for soils with large rocks.

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Technical data sheet MineWolfa. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 4,910mm2. Length total: 7,260mm (with flail), 6,150mm (with tiller)3. Width without attachment: 2,500mm4. Width: 3,65 mm (with flail), 2,89 mm (with tiller)5. Height: 4,700mm in operating configuration, 3,100mm in

transport configuration6. Mass basic vehicle: 20,500kg7. Mass with attachments: 24,500kg (flail), 24,750 kg (tiller)

b. Driving specifications8. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks9. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.54kg/cm2


c. Clearance performance11. Number of chains/chisels: 73/8012. Gap between chains/chisels: 73/4013. Clearing width flail/tiller: 2,800/2,590mm14. Clearing depth tiller: 300-400mm15. Length of chains: 965mm16. Rotation speed flail/tiller: Up to 400rpm/270-330rpm17. Working speed: 1-2km/h18. Clearing performance: Approximately 2,000m2 (depending on soil conditions)19. Vegetation cutting ability: Up to 150mm diameter20. Machines in use: 1 prototype

d. System specifications21. Engine: Deutz BF8M diesel engine with 400hp22. Fuel capacity: 760l23. Fuel consumption: Max. 42 l/ha)

e. Comfort and security24. Air conditioning: Yes25. Operator comfort: GPS, depth control26. Armour: Yes (no further details provided by the manufacturer)27. Remote control: Not given

f. Costs28. Cost of system: Approx. €500 000, depending on the required

equipment29. Transport limitation: For long distances transportation on a low-bed trailer

is required30. Availability for hire: Not given


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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: Not given2. Length total: 6,700mm3. Width total: 2,800mm4. Clearing width: 2,000mm5. Mass, minimum: Not given6. Height, overall: 2,500mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: Not given8. Mass, total: 10,000kg

b. Driving specifications9. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks10. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.4 kg/cm²11. Hill climbing ability: 45°a)

c. Clearance performance12. Number of feet: 10 (standard model)13. Size of feet: 270mm long x 200mm wide14. Max. pressure: 750kg per foot15. Min. pressure: —16. Working speed: 300-1,000m²/h (no further detailed data given)a)

17. Control of clearing depth: Automatic18. Machines in use: 1 prototype19. Other types: No20. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina21. Total area cleared so far: Not given

d. System specifications22. Engine: 250hp23. Fuel capacity: 1,000l24. Fuel consumption: 20l/h25. Separate engine for the feet: No26. Cooling system engine: Water27. Oil capacity Not given28. Hydraulic oil capacity: 800l

e. Comfort and security29. Operator comfort: Two-colour TV monitor with four colour cameras in front

(movable) and rear30. Armour: Foot ram assembly/front and sides31. Remote control: Yes


f. Costs32. Cost of system: Not given33. Other costs: Not given34. Transport limitation: Max. speed on tracks 6.5km/h. Normally on trailer35. Availability for hire: Yes

Technical data sheet Redbus Bigfoot


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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: Not given2. Length total: 10,000mm1. Width total: 2,700mm2. Clearing width: Not given3. Height, minimum: Not given4. Height, overall: 3,400mm5. Mass, total: 15,000kg

b. Driving specifications6. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks7. Hill climbing ability: 30°a)

c. Clearance performance8. Gap between drums/chiselsdynamically: 60mm9. Diameter of drum 750mm10. Rotation speed 80-700rpm11. Clearance depth, max.: Up to 550mma)

12. Working speed 750m²/h a) (no further detailed data given)13. Control of clearing depth: Automatic14. Machines in use: 1 prototype15. Other types: No16. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina17. Total area cleared so far: Not given

d. System specifications18. Engine: 300hp19. Fuel capacity: 1,000l20. Fuel consumption: 40l/hr21. Separate engine for tilling unit: No22. Transition: Not given23. Cooling system engine: Water/glycol24. Oil capacity: Not given25. Hydraulic oil capacity: 900l

e. Comfort and security26. Operator comfort: TV monitor with cameras in front (movable) and rear27. Armour: Cutter/diggers assembly protected28. Remote control: Yes


f. Costs29. Cost of system: Not given30. Other costs: Not given31. Transport limitation: Max. speed on tracks 6.5km/h. Normally on trailer.32. Availability for hire: Yes

Technical data sheet Redbus Mineworm

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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 4,910mm Not given Not given2. Length total: 7,260mm (with flail), 6,700mm 10,000mm

6,150mm (with tiller)3. Width without attachment: 2,500mm4. Width, total: 3,65mm (with flail), 2,800mm 2,700mm

2,89mm (with tiller)5. Clearing width: 2,000mm Not given6. Height, minimum: 4,700mm in operating Not given Not given

config., 3,100mmin transport config.

7. Height, overall: 2,500mm 3,400mm8. Mass basic vehicle: 20,500kg Not given9. Mass with attachments: 24,500kg (flail), Total: 10,000kg Total: 15,000kg

24,750 kg (tiller)

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks Tracks. Tracks11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.54kg/cm2 0.4 kg/cm² —12. Hill climbing ability: 40° 45°a) 30°a)

c. Clearance performance13. Number of chains/chisels: 73/80

Number of feet: 10 (standard model)14. Gap between chains/chisels: 73/40 Dynamically: 60mm

15. Diametre of drum: 750mm16. Size of feet: 270mm long

x 200mm wide17. Max. pressure: 750kg per foot18. Clearing width flail/tiller: 2,800/2,590mm19. Clearing depth tiller: 300-400mm Up to 550mma)

20. Length of chains: 965mm21. Rotation speed flail/tiller: Up to 400rpm/ 80-700mm

270-330rpm22. Working speed: 1-2km/h 300-1,000m²/h 750m2/h (no further

detailed data given)) detailed datagiven)

23. Clearing performance: Approx. 2,000m2

Control of clearing depth: Automatic Automatic24. Vegetation cutting ability: Up to 150mm diameter25. Machines in use: 1 prototype 1 prototype26. Other types: No27. Location of use: Bosnia and Bosnia and

Herzegovina Herzegovina

d. System specifications28. Engine: Deutz BF8M diesel 250hp 300hp

engine with 400hp29. Fuel capacity: 760l 1,000l 1,000l30. Fuel consumption: Max. 42 l/ha) 20l/h 40l/h31. Separate engine for the feet: No for tilling unit: No32. Transition: Not given33. Cooling system engine: Water Water/glycol34. Oil capacity: Not given Not given35. Hydraulic oil capacity: 800l 900l

MineWolf Redbus Bigfoot Redbus Mineworm

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e. Comfort and security36. Air conditioning: Yes37. Operator comfort: GPS, depth control Two-colour TV monitor TV monitor with

with four colour cameras in frontcameras in front (movable) and rear(movable) and rear

38. Armour: Yes (no further details Foot ram assembly/ Cutter/diggersprovided by the front and sides assembly protectedmanufacturer)

39. Remote control: Not given Yes Yes• greatest distance 5,000m 5,000m

f. Costs28. Cost of system: Approx. €500 000, Not given

depending on therequired equipment

40. Other costs Not given Not given29. Transport limitation: For long distances Max. speed on Max. speed on

transportation on a tracks 6.5km/h. tracks 6.5km/hlow-bed trailer is Normally on trailer Normally on trailerrequired

30. Availability for hire: Not given Yes Yes

Redbus MinewormRedbus BigfootMineWolf


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Section 4

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General descriptionARTS is a remotely operated system, which has been used for hazardous material handling, mineclearance operations and disposal of unexploded ordnance. It provides a robotic platform fromwhich hazardous operations can be conducted allowing the operator to be located at a safe stand-off distance.The system consists of a medium-size skid steer prime mover with rubber tracks, an operatorcontrol unit and a series of attachments such as a brush cutter, a bucket or a backhoe.Two cameras on top of the tractor display the area forward and rearward the vehicle and provideoperational visibility when operating the vehicle remotely.The ARTS has a quick attach plate that adapts to most attachments for skid steer vehicles. Themature construction facilitates the change of tools. The loader arms can be fitted to either the frontor the rear of the vehicle.The system is currently not armoured, which makes it vulnerable against the impact of all kinds oflandmines.In a capability demonstration carried out by the U.S. Army in 2001 the system cut between 48m2/h(in light vegetation) to 16.8m2/h (in heavy vegetation with dense brush).The ARTS was certified for airdrop by the American Armed Forces and can easily be transported byaircraft or helicopter.

Working methodologyThe cutting unit cuts vegetation up to a diameter of 230mm.1 No further information regarding thetechnical data of the tools is provided by the manufacturer.The brush cutter does not have floating capabilities which requires an experienced operator tofollow the contour of terrain.A minimum of three days is required for operator/maintenance training.

Machines in use to dateAs of December 2003, 53 ARTS units have been built, of which the U.S. Air Force has purchased allbut one. The systems are in service worldwide with the military. No detailed information is providedby the manufacturer.

All-Purpose RemoteTransport System (ARTS)

WESCO Manufacturing, Inc., U.S.

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Engine, fuel and oilThe ARTS has a 4-cylinder diesel engine. Any diesel fuel of type JP 8 is adequate. Fuel consumptiondepends on the task carried out by the machine and one tank will last between four and sevenhours. No further details and specifications are given by the manufacturer.

Factory supportFactory support can include spare parts, training, manuals and warranty against manufacturerdefects.

Maintenance and supportField crew members, who have received ARTS operator and maintenance training, can perform allroutine maintenance procedures. The prime mover is made by All Season Vehicle, Inc. an Americancompany that has joined with Caterpillar Corp., so it should be supportable worldwide.Daily checks and other preventive maintenance checks, services and repair actions are welldocumented by written and picture references. At a capability demonstration carried out by theU.S. Army the change of one track was approximately one hour.

Test and evaluationsThe United States Army Communications - Electronic Command Research, Development andEngineering Center carried out a capabilities test in 2001. Test results are available underwww.humanitarian-demining.org/demining/pubs/clearance/arts.asp.

Neither a blast nor a survivability test was conducted on the ARTS.


StrengthsRugged design.Easy to transport.

LimitationsDifficult to operate with precision from greaterdistances.No armour.

1. U.S. Army, Communications - Electronic Command Research, Development and Engineering Centre, CapabilitiesDemonstration of ARTS, 24-26 September 2001, p. 12.

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Armtrac 325Armtrac Ltd., United Kingdom

General descriptionThe Armtrac 325 mine clearance vehicle is a development of the Agriflail machines used in Bosniaand Herzegovina, Croatia and Mozambique. Military and agricultural principals have beenemployed in the design, test, and development of the 325. The Armtrac 325 is fitted with a flail unitwith optional extra attachments: digger arm, bucket, strimmer head and log grab.The Armtrac 325 prime mover provides the platform to which the optional attachments can befitted with a quick-hitch system. The box section ladder chassis provides torsion stiffness overextreme terrain plus shock absorption in case of detonations from under any of the attached tools,or from under the machine itself.The fully-welded chassis and boom structure provides the freedom to use a modular power andtransmission drive-line also helping to isolate the cabin from engine, transmission and detonationnoise. The use of a modular design also assists maintenance and repair. All hoses and wiringlooms are designed in a similar fashion, allowing each section to be "unplugged" and replaced.Transmission consists of 325hp Volvo engine driving through a speed-increasing gearbox to ahydraulic pump. The drive is taken to a two-speed transfer box, then on to the two axles fitted withfoam-filled balloon tyres. This gives 16 forward and 16 reverse gears with variable speed in eachgear.

Clearance methodologyThe flail of the Armtrac 325 rotates at 350rpm clockwise with a working width of 3m. The 74 chainsof the flail unit have a dynamic spacing of 10mm, and the approximate clearance depth is expectedto be up to 30cm, with depth variations controlled by the operator. When working, the vehiclemoves at 1km/h, detonating or breaking up mines.

Machines in use to dateMachines have been sold to European Landmine Solutions and Exploration Logistics(Mineclear/Minetech).Two machines are currently working, one in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one in Lebanon(2003).

Engine, fuel and oilThe Armtrac 325 is equipped with a 325hp Volvo diesel engine.The average fuel consumption is 50l/h1 while the flail is in operation.

Armtrac 325 with available attachments

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LimitationsFor transportation over longer distances, a40m low-bed trailer is required.

StrengthsPossibility to use various attachments i.e. flail,digger arm, 3-in-1 bucket, strimmer head, andlog grab.

Factory supportAt extra cost, a basic spare parts kit is supplied by the manufacturer as part of the purchasepackage.The manufacturer supplies special parts unlikely to be found locally.

Maintenance and supportWeekly basic greasing, oil level checks, etc. by driver/operator.Full service required every 300 hours by personnel trained by the manufacturer.

Tests and evaluationsNo information available.

Armtrac 325 with strimmer


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DEMCO (PTY) Ltd., South Africa

DEMCO System

General descriptionDEMCO System consists of a commercial Komatsu excavator with a cab fitted with 10mm ARMOXto protect the operator. The armoured glass is 50mm. On customer’s request the manufactureroffers add-on armour if requested. All cabs have double doors or an escape hatch in the roof inorder to ensure operator ease of escape in case of emergency. Other wheeled and tracked excavators,loaders and bulldozers can be used as prime movers for DEMCO mine clearance attachments.Various demining tools can be attached to the extending boom to conduct ground penetration andclearance tasks. The available attachments are:

single array of serrated disk rollers,double disc array for roads and runways (width 1-4m),sweeping discs (1-4m), optional with magnetic debris removal array,rotovators (width 1-4m),flail system (width 1-4m) optional with magnetic debris removal array,ripper /rake assembly (various sizes),filter buckets (various sizes).

The machine is suitable on rugged terrain. Simplicity of design of the attachments allows for fastinterchange to suit terrain conditions.Standard construction engineering attachments can also be fitted, giving added task flexibility.This allows for infrastructure improvement tasks on-site, unrelated to mine clearance operations.The attachments are well suited to clearance of difficult ground such as ditches and banks.All attachments are adaptable to small or large machines.

Clearance methodology

Single array of disk rollersThe single array consists of serrated discs fitted with two connecting arms each to a central shaft.This allows for individual movement up and down for each disk to conform to uneven ground andto retain contact of the disc edge with the ground between undulations. The central shaft is coupledto a frame attached to the end of the boom of the machine.

The space between the discs is approximately 50mm. This distance is smaller than the averagediameter of anti-personnel mines generally encountered.

Wet clay and mud will clog up the serrated edges of the discs as well as the space between therollers.1

DEMCO detonatingdisk system

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Lack of independent test reports. Limited information available on the performance of the system.

StrengthsSimple and rugged design.Versatile.Can be operated with a minimum of logisticalsupport.

LimitationsWet soil clogs up the edges of the disk roller.1

1. CSIR DEFENCETEK, Technical report on functionality tests conducted on DEMCO mine clearing equipment by J. T. vanDyk and J.J.P. Lötter, Pretoria, May 2002.

Double array of disk rollersThe double array of disk rollers consists of two single arrays similar to the single array configuration.It contains 31 disks each attached to its own shaft by connecting arms. Disk size is similar to thedisks used in the single array. The discs are offset between front and rear discs to cover the entirefrontage area with both arrays. The two shafts are connected to a rectangular frame fitted to the endof the boom.

Flail systemThe flail system consists of chain lengths attached to a central driving shaft connected to a hydraulicmotor. Two flat-plate hammers are attached to each chain to improve ground penetration. Aprotective screen consisting of a steel frame covered with chain links and wire mesh is fitted behindthe flail to prevent debris from being thrown outside the area of operations.

Machines in use to dateDEMCO machines are used in Mozambique in different configurations. Information as to areacleared so far not provided by the manufacturer.

Factory supportNot given by the manufacturer. Manufacturers of suitable prime movers such as Caterpillar orKomatsu ensure the availability of spare parts and service facilities.

Maintenance and supportThe system has been designed for ease of maintenance. No further information is given.

Tests and evaluationsThe DEMCO multi-tool system has undergone testing by CSIR DEFENCETEK, South Africa inApril 2002.The test was restricted to pressure-activated anti-personnel blast mines.

Detonating an anti-personnel mine

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General descriptionThe HEC MAXX Multi Tool is based on a Brokk 330D remote controlled, mini excavator. Thesystem is initially designed for heavy demolition work and was modified in Namibia by HEC(Hendrik Ehlers Consult) for demining purposes. Small exterior dimensions and the compact designmake work in very tight spaces possible. The machine is equipped with expansion shafts in thejoints, protection for the tilt cylinder and a quick hitch for easy replacement of the tools. A series ofspecially designed demining tools can be mounted to the armoured carrier vehicle. Support ledcylinders, hoses and couplings are protected to avoid damage during operation.General mobility compared with the standard Brokk 330D is improved for outdoor use as thefactory machine is designed for construction sites. Operating parameters are not adversely affectedby the attachment of demining specialist tools.1 Due the tracks being moved out board an additional250mm on each side, improving stability to the side of the machine is realised when operating thearm over the sides with the outriggers stowed.MAXX is not designed to operate in locations where there is a possible presence of anti-tank mines.Blast tests however showed that AP mines have no crippling effects on the drive train or systems.The system is operated by an enhanced operator worn control panel which allows the use of themachine from greater distances.A radio link is an option instead of the standard cableA separate video transmitter on MAXX sends 4 camera views (of a selectable 8) back to an armouredcontrol vehicle named “Turtle”. These are displayed on LCD screens in addition to a Turtle camerafor an overall site view (with pan/tilt/zoom).

Clearance methodologyInitially, MAXX was developed to cut vegetation using a forestry mulcher attachment that wasscaled to the size of the machine capacities (original name was Mini Mulcher System MMS). Asdevelopment progressed, seven other attachments were devised and fitted to the machine withsuccess. The attachment list includes:

Mulcher 1: forestry mulcher for grass, bush, and small tree reduction down to 2cm aboveground.Mulcher 2: disk cutter for reed, bamboo, and large trees to be cut down in one piece.UXO Fork: a heavy duty sifting bucket for scooping possibly sensitive items without carryingdirt.Ditch Bucket: a 1.5m wide excavation bucket for uncovering objects in river banks, etc.MHA (Material Handling Arm): for general lifting and loading and sensor carrying roles(tested).

HEC MAXX Mine ClearanceMulti Tool V. 1

HEC – Hendrik Ehlers Consult (MgM Mine Clearance NGO - R&D), Namibia

HEC MAXX Mine Clearance MultiTool shown with Mulcher 1 vegetationcutter

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The wide range of attachments, all tailored forground preparation purpose, can facilitate theremoval of all kind of remnants of war and increasethe productivity and cost effectiveness of theclearance process significantly.

Machines in use to date1 machine underwent testing and evaluationin Namibia and is now deployed in US DoDoperations in Rwanda for Q4-2003 to Q2-2004+.A second machine, MAXX+, is currently inservice with HEC in Namibia.

Engine, fuel and oilMAXX is equipped with a Perkins 700 series,engine with 47kW. It is a 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, direct-injection engine.Fuel tank capacity is 40 l.Fuel consumption during heavy work assessed at approximately 15 l per 8 hr day.1

Factory supportBrokk is represented on all continents and provides customer service for the 330D.This is complimented by PERKINS global engine support.

Maintenance and supportThe machine is designed for use in rough work environment. Main components like filter, hydraulicpump, valves, electric connections, cooling system and fan are within easy reach.

Test and evaluationsMAXX has undergone testing and evaluation by the manufacturer in Namibia and is now deployedinto operations in Rwanda. A second, enhanced, unit is currently under construction.

MAXX and (left to right) Mulcher 1, UXO Fork,Mulcher 2, Ditch Bucket, Drum Picker (on drum).


As the system is not yet independently tested, no detailed information on performance is available.

LimitationsFor anti-personnel mine effected areas only.Requires trailer transport off site.Difficult to operate with precision from a longdistance (this applies to all remotely controlledmachines).

StrengthsBased on a commercial vehicle with longhistory.Multi Tool system for task flexibility.MAXX can revert to tasks other than mineclearance.Low fuel consumption .Entire system transports in supplied 6mcontainer.Ease of transport.Container trailer supplied.


Turtle command and control MPV-AP with MAXX.

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General descriptionThe Hitachi-Furukawa Mine Clearance Equipment & System offers various solutions to tacklethe mine clearance problem in difficult-to-access areas such as slopes, ditches and trenches.Attachable tools concentrate on particular areas to support manual, dog or larger-scale mechanicaldemining operations.The tool holder is based on a commercial excavator which can revert to its original function ofearthmover/excavator.According to the manufacturer, a quick-attach coupling allows change of "off-the-shelf tools". Anelectronic box connected to angular sensors is installed on the excavator. The system can operateon a pre-programmed sequence of actions related to GPS coordinates. This is designed to negatethe requirement for an on-board operator and is intended as a safety feature.

Clearance methodologyAnti-personnel Demining System (AMDS)The AMDS is an area reduction tamping device for verification of the presence of anti-personnelmines in a suspect area. The system applies pressure to the ground in order to detonate or break upsurface or sub-surface-laid, pressure-activated mines. Operations can be performed in difficult-to-access areas such as slopes, ditches or along walls. The six independent, articulated footpad kitsexert pressure to the ground through tamping. When mine detonation causes damage to a pad, theplastic pipe foot design can be replaced.

Excavator/sifterThe system is designed for sifting operations in tight locations where manoeuvring is difficult. Thesifter is most effective in sandy soil. It combines "mill/ripper" earth removing teeth and a "sifterdrum basket", which separates differing grades of soil removed up to a depth of 25cm. The workingprocess is computer controlled and does not require an operator in the cabin.An observation camera allows scanning of excavated objects in the sifter. In case of damage allcomponents are replaceable.

Vegetation cutter/mini flailThe vegetation cutter has modular hood protection and can be optionally equipped with twodifferent cutting tools. No further information with regards to rotation speed or clearance width isgiven by the manufacturer.

Hitachi-Furukawa Furukawa Ltd., Japan

Hitachi-Furukawa multi-tool system

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The vegetation cutter can easily be transformed into a mini flail system with limited application forclearance of anti-personnel mines down to a depth of approx. 70mm.

Machines in use to dateOne system is planned for deployment to a mine-affected country in 2004.

Engine, fuel and oilThe machine is equipped with a four-cylinder Cummins B3.9-C turbocharged diesel engine(74kw).The average fuel consumption is 18l per hour.

Factory supportManuals covering operation and maintenance are provided in English and are included in thepurchase package.Manufacturer ensures long-term availability of spares.Operator training courses are provided by the manufacturer.

Maintenance and supportWeekly basic greasing, oil level checks, etc. by driver/operator.

Tests and evaluationsTests using live mines have been carried out by S.T.A.T. (Technical Section of French Army).


LimitationsFor anti-personnel mine clearance only.Requires low-loader transport for longerdistances.For "spot checks" only.

StrengthsBased on a widely-available commercialvehicle.The excavator can also be used forconstruction work.

System destroying an anti-personnel mine

Vegetation cutter in operation

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MgM Rotar Mk-II

Rotar Mk-II in operation in Mozambique

General descriptionThe MgM Rotar Mk-II is based on experience gained with the MgM Rotar Mk-I sifter system, but isindependent of the Mk-I machine. Built in Namibia, it is based on a lighter carrier vehicle withadded demining tools.The carrier is an armoured Caterpillar 428c backhoe tractor. At the front of the machine, anMgMdesigned bucket sifter has been attached, but the standard Caterpillar bucket can also befitted.Mounted on the rear hoe arm is a vegetation cutter/mulcher that can be angled to compensate fordifferent terrain and obstacles.General mobility compared with the standard CAT 428c is not adversely affected by the attachmentof demining specialist tools.1 Due to the weight of belly armour, a slight lowering of vehicle centreof gravity is achieved, improving stability.The protected operator’s cab includes a four-point safety harness and a VHF radio. The cab is air-conditioned.The MgM Rotar Mk-II is an anti-personnel mine clearance system. It is not designed to operate inlocations where there is a possible presence of anti-tank mines.

Clearance methodologyThe MgM Rotar Mk-II uses its front-mounted sifter drum to scoop up a bucket load of soil. Themachine moves back along the safe route from which it approached the suspect area to a cleared/safe inspection area. The sifter drum rotates causing the smaller particles less than 4cm x 4cmwithin the drum to fall through the round steel-bar mesh. Remaining material within the drum isdriven to a second area, and the contents are released for visual inspection. Anti-personnel mines,parts of mines or any UXO contained within the drum are destroyed by EOD specialists. The Rotaroperation is in six stages; load drum, close drum, rotate drum (sift), open drum, empty drum,visually inspect remaining contents. The drum bucket has been tested for resistance to anti-personnelmine detonation.Tests with anti-tank mine detonation have not taken place.The rear mounted bush cutter is attached to a hydraulic arm. Depending on conditions, bushcutting can precede the Rotar in order to improve its performance. The bush cutter can be employedto assist manual demining.The MgM mine clearance systems attached to the Caterpillar 428c tractor can be removed. Thevehicle can then be put to work with its regular digger bucket in order to benefit mine-affected

HEC Hendrik Ehlers Consult, Namibia

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communities in tasks beyond clearing mines, a versatility lacking in many purpose-designedmachines

Machines in use to dateOne machine tested and evaluated in Namibia. Currently in service with MgM in Mozambique.

Engine, fuel and oilThe Rotar Mk-II is equipped with a Caterpillar 3054 T turbo-charged engine with either 56 or60kw — a four-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection engine. Fuel tank capacity is 128l.Fuel consumption during heavy work assessed at approximately 15l per hour.Engine oil quantity with filter is 7.3l.The pump flow of the hydraulics is 163l per minute. Hydraulic oil capacity is 79l.

Factory supportAll Caterpillar dealers provide "Five Star Customer Service" for the Caterpillar 428C.A VHF radio, manuals and a spare parts package are included as part of purchase package.

Maintenance and supportAll daily fluid servicing is on the left side of the machine.Single location for fluid level check.Visual indicators for checking the air cleaner and hydraulic oil level.All filters are mounted vertically for spill-free servicing.

Tests and evaluationsThe Rotar Mk-II has been in service for more than two years (see www.mgm.org). U.S. ArmyCECOM Night Vision and Electric Sensors Directorate, Fort Belvoir carried out an evaluationof the machine in August 2002. A report is available under www.humanitarian-demining.org.


LimitationsFor anti-personnel mine clearance only.Requires low-loader transport for longerdistances.Seems to be undersized for larger tasks.1

StrengthsBased on a widely-available commercialvehicle.MgM Rotar Mk-II can revert to tasks other thanmine clearance.

1. U.S. Army CECOM Night Vision and Electric Sensors Directorate, Fort Belvoir, Fact sheet – limitations, August2002.

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General descriptionThe Minefield Tractor is currently under development in conjunction with the U.S. HumanitarianDemining Department as a successor to the Survivable Demining Tractor (SDT). The MinefieldTractor is based on a 150hp John Deere 6920 tractor with continuously variable transmission(CVT) providing a "stepless" speed range from 0.5-40km/h. The Minefield Tractor is fitted witharmoured cab mounted on a turntable, which can be rotated under power to face forwards andbackwards.The Minefield Tractor is to be fitted with long-life, zero-maintenance, soft-ride solid tyres capable ofwithstanding an anti-personnel mine blast without damage. The wheels will provide protection tothe vehicle and driver in the event of an anti-vehicle mine blast under a wheel. Blast tests are beingconducted with the equivalent of 10kg of TNT.The Minefield Tractor incorporates the lessons learned from over four years of operations of theSDT. It retains the benefits of an armoured vehicle capable of operating a toolbox of attachments,whilst providing improved operator access, comfort and protection, improved reliability and withCVT, higher output and less operator fatigue.The machine is fitted with a hydraulic lift and mechanical power take-off at both ends. A 2.2-tonnecapacity front loader is also available.

Working methodologyThe Minefield Tractor will operate with all SDT tools currently available, the Pearson Mine Comband any other agricultural implement.

The Pearson Area Reduction Roller (ARR)The area reduction roller is a vehicle-mounted anti-personnel mine roller for rapid identification ofthe presence of anti-personnel mines in suspect areas and for area reduction. The roller works bydetonating any near-surface or surface pressure-activated mines. It is designed to withstand anti-personnel mine blast only. The roller consists of a series of individually "floating" steel discs, eachexerting a load of 50kg on the ground. This feature ensures that the roller is effective on unevenground.The roller weight is approximately 1,000kg per metre width. It is not only manufactured for thePearson Tractor but is also available in any width up to 3.5m to suit other prime movers.The roller is mounted on the front of a prime mover such as the Pearson SDT or an armoured front-loader.

Pearson Minefield TractorPearson Engineering Ltd., United Kingdom

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The HALO Trust hasapproximately ten rollers inservice in Abkhazia,Afghanistan, Cambodia,Georgia, Kosovo, Mozambiqueand Somaliland.The robust construction andversatility of the PearsonEngineering Segmented Rollerhas proven successful withinhumanitarian mine clearance.1

The U.S. Department of Defense(DoD) owns two rollers, whichare under evaluation with theThailand Mine Action Centre(TMAC).No special training is required for either operation or maintenance of the Area Reduction Roller. Alaminated instruction card is supplied. All spares are available, though the requirement for sparesis minimal.No routine maintenance is required.Standard warranty period is 12 months from date of delivery.

The area reduction roller with its 50kg discs

The Pearson Magnet fitted to the rear end of the tractor

The Pearson MagnetThe Pearson Magnet is a vehicle-mounted magnet fitted with depth-adjusting wheels and ahydraulically actuated ejector plate. The magnet is used as an aid to manual deminers to removesurface and near-surface ferrous metal.The magnet is fitted to a prime mover with a hydraulic lift and external hydraulic service. In use,the magnet is pushed or pulled over the minefield with the depth wheels set to position the magnet50-100mm clear of the ground. After each pass across the minefield the magnet is raised andcarried by the prime mover to a designated dumping area. The ejector plate then dumps the collectedmetal.It is recommended that the minefield is rolled with the Pearson Area Reduction Roller before usingthe magnet, as the magnet is susceptible to damage from the blast of an anti-personnel mine.Alternating passes of the magnet and a cultivator will increase the amount of metal removed. TheU.S. DoD has purchased two magnets. One has been under evaluation by TMAC since January

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2001, following evaluation by Mines Advisory Group (MAG) in Cambodia during 2000. The secondhas been under evaluation by The HALO Trust in Cambodia since early 2001.

Multi-tool

The Pearson SifterThe Pearson Sifter is designed for sifting soil in areas with an anti-personnel mine threat. It ismounted to a prime mover fitted with an agricultural three-point linkage, power take-off shaft andhydraulic outlets. The sifter has a working width of 1.6m and can operate to a depth of up to250mm. Operating depth is controlled by manually-adjustable depth rollers.

The Pearson Sifter fitted to the rear of the SDT

Before using the sifter, the ground needs to be prepared by removing vegetation followed bycultivation and rolling to break up clods. The sifter cuts the soil at the selected depth with a set ofhorizontal shares. These lift the soil on to a slatted vibrating conveyor. The soil falls through theslats leaving mines/UXO, stones and large clods deposited in a windrow behind or to one side ofthe sifter for manual removal.Operation, maintenance and parts manuals are supplied. Training is also available. No specialskill is required to operate or maintain and repair the sifter. All spares are available from PearsonEngineering. The standard warranty period is 12 months from date of delivery.The sifter is only suitable for use in areas where there are few trees and shrub roots. The soil needsto be in a friable condition. To ensure uniform clearing depth, the ground surface should be evenbefore cultivation.100g anti-personnel mine blast tests on the conveyor caused bending of the conveyor bar. Nofurther damage was recorded.2

The only routine maintenance required is greasing of surface bearing areas and checking thegearbox oil level. No special skills are required.The weight of the sifter is 1,600kg. The working width of the system is 1.5m, while the overall widthmeasures 3.6m. The working speed is up to 4km/h.2

The Pearson SlasherThe Slasher is a heavy vegetation cutter capable of cutting bushes and trees of up to 150mm indiameter. It is mounted to a prime mover with agricultural three-point linkage, power take-off shaftand external hydraulic outlets. The minimum power requirement is 100hp.The Slasher consists of a 1.6m diameter, three-blade rotor mounted on a hydraulically operated

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The Pearson Slasher at the rear of the tractor cuttingvegetation

The Pearson Tree Extractor removing a tree

swing arm. Use of the swing arm allows the Slasher to cut up to 3m width in a single pass. Theheight of cut is controlled by the prime mover’s three-point linkage lift, assisted by a skid plateunder the rotor.No special training is required for either operation or maintenance of the Slasher. All spares areavailable from Pearson Engineering. Standard warranty period is 12 months from date of delivery.The Slasher does not have a guard at the back of the rotor. There is a risk of vegetation debris overa considerable radius.Tests by both MAG and TMAC have proven the effectiveness of the Slasher as a vegetation cutter.2

Tests by the U.S. DoD with 200g of TNT detonated under the rotor did not cause significant damage.2

The only routine maintenance required is greasing of bearing surfaces and checking of gearbox oillevel. The weight of the Slasher is 980kg. The working speed is up to 8km/h in light vegetation.2

The Pearson Tree ExtractorThe Tree Extractor is designed for extracting trees complete with roots. The Tree Extractor fits on tostandard loader lift arms. It consists of a pair of hydraulic jaws that are clamped firmly onto a treetrunk. The tree is lifted out of the ground by raising the loader arms. The Tree Extractor is fitted witha pair of lifting legs to provide extra force to pull the tree out of the ground.There are two tree extractor models: the light tree extractor for use on agricultural loaders has amaximum force of 14 tonnes. The heavy tree extractor is for use on loading shovels of the 12-18tonne class such as the Volvo BM 4400. The lifting legs have a tear-out force of up to 25 tonnes.Operation and parts manuals are supplied.No special skill is required to operate or maintain and repair the tree extractors. All spares areavailable from Pearson Engineering. Standard warranty period is 12 months from date of delivery.Tests by both MAG and TMAC have proven the effectiveness of the tree extractors.2

The only routine maintenance required is the greasing of bearing surfaces. No special skills arerequired.The length for both extractors is 1.1m. Thewidth of the light extractor is 3m, while theheavy extractor is 2.7m wide. The lightextractor weighs 520kg. The heavy extractorweighs 1,100kg.

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Machines in use to dateOne machine is currently under construction. A prototype is due to complete U.K. testing in spring2004.

The Pearson Tractor operating in dense vegetation

Engine, fuel and oilThe tractor is driven by a 150hp John Deere diesel engine.Fuel consumption is around 30l/h depending on conditions.

Factory supportFull operation, maintenance, repair and spares manuals are available in English.Full spares backup is provided by Pearson Engineering.Operator training and follow up support can also be provided as part of purchasing packageif required.Routine maintenance undertaken by the operator. Repairs can be carried out by an agriculturalor construction mechanic. No further specialist training or knowledge is required. Throughoutthe evaluation, repairs were undertaken successfully by the operating crews in both Cambodiaand Thailand.Majority of parts available through John Deere dealer network.

Maintenance and supportDaily maintenance consists of checking fluid levels and greasing bearing surfaces. Engine oiland filter change interval is 200 hours. The operator can undertake these tasks. No specialworkshop facilities are required.The SDT requires one operator. An assistant is required to attach and remove tools.Easy access to routine maintenance items.

Tests and evaluationsDue in 2004.

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The SDT with an extracted tree

Reported limitations and strengths of the Minefield Tractor

As the machine is still in prototype stage there are no test reports available.

1. Phil Straw, Mechanical Mine Clearance Operations Officer, HALO Trust.2. According to the manufacturer.

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Rotary cutter BM307

Rotary Cutter BM 307(VGDM23 and VFRM35)

Yamanashi Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd Japan

General descriptionThe Rotary Cutter BM307 with metal detector (BM307-VGDM23) is mounted on a hydraulic armon an excavator vehicle designed by Hitachi Construction Machinery Co. Ltd. Hitachi producessome of the most commonly used machines in the world.The BM307 combines a vegetation cutter and tiller system which can be complemented by a magnetor a metal detector if needed. The use of the magnet is intended to speed up the subsequent manualdemining process reducing the false alarm rate caused by scrap metal.The cutter unit consists of alloy cutter bits mounted to a rotating drum directly connected to ahydraulic motor. The cutter can destroy anti-personnel mines, fragment rocks and cut vegetation. Ithas a ground penetration depth of up to approx. 300mm.1

Another version of the machine (BM307-VFRM35) is equipped with a flail system or a rotary cutter.This system is still at prototype stage. According to the manufacturer, the flail achieves a workingdepth of approx. 500mm. A rake and a magnet attachable to the flail unit are available as part of thetool box concept, aimed at speeding up subsequent demining operations.The machine can be used for construction or agricultural purposes with the application of otherattachments.One operator controls the machine from a cab protected by special bullet proof glass (REXGUARD)and high tension steel plates.Important parts such as the hydraulic cylinder, fuel tank and hydraulic oil tank are protected fromanti-personnel mine blast.

Clearance methodologyThe drum rotates with a speed of up to 900rpm. The working width is 1,000mm. 40 cutter bits cancut vegetation and fragment stones of up to a maximum of 300mm diameter.The cutter head can destroy anti-personnel mines in the ground down to a depth of 300mm.The hydraulic arm can reach out to 10m in height. A rake can be attached to the boom in order toremove previously cut vegetation.After vegetation cutting and removal, the rotary cutter is used to treat the ground in order to destroyanti-personnel mines up to a depth of 300mm. The ground treatment process is finished by sweepingthe metal detector over the area worked. The manufacturer has not provided any information aboutthe metal detection system offered.The flail head rotates with 400/500rpm (depending on mode set) and breaks up the ground inorder to activate anti-personnel mines up to a depth of 500mm.

Flail hammer detonating an anti-personnelmine

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Machines in use to dateTwo x BM307 (version S16) in service in Cambodia since March 2000.One x BM307 (version V20) operated by UNOCHA in Afghanistan since June 2000.Two x BM307 (version V20) operating in Nicaragua since September 2001.One x BM307 (version SG16) in service in Thailand since April 2003.20 x BM307 (version VG27) in service in Vietnam since June 2003.8 x BM307 (version SG16) operating in Cambodia since July 2003.BM307-VFRM35 (flail version) is not fielded yet.

Engine, fuel and oilThe system is equipped with a direct injection diesel engine with turbo charger.The prime mover runs on ordinary diesel fuel.Standard oil types are used for engine, gear box and hydraulic system.

Factory supportSpare parts including consumable parts such as bits, bearings, seals, etc. are included in thepurchase package.Due to worldwide servicing network the availability of spares is good.Warranty period is one year or 1,000 hours, whichever comes first.Training courses for operators and maintenance staff is included in the purchase package.Manuals are supplied in language required by the purchaser.Machines are recommended to be serviced exclusively by Yamanashi Hitachi workshopscertified with ISO 9001.

Maintenance and supportRegular maintenance comprising daily, weekly, monthly and annual checks required as perthe operating instructions

Test and evaluationsCMAC carried out safety tests for two versions of the machine, BM307 S16 and BM307 V20,from June to September 1999. Both met CMAC requirements.The system demonstrated operation in a live minefield during the meeting of States Parties tothe Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention in Nicaragua in 2001.The latest versions of the system went through blast resistance tests using 7 and 10kg of TNTin July 2003. No details are provided by the manufacturer.A 200-hour endurance test is scheduled to be carried out in Afghanistan in March 2004.


Lack of independent test reports mean that the efficiency of the flail and detection system cannot beevaluated.

LimitationsSystem is designed for anti-personnel mineclearance only.

StrengthsCombines vegetation cutting with the ability to"spot clear" anti-personnel mines.Robust design with worldwide servicingnetwork.Versatility.


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General descriptionDevelopment Technology Workshops began production of the Mk I Tempest in 1998-99. Currently,the Tempest Mk V is in production. Tempest is a unique concept, developed for manufacture inmine-affected countries where it is deployed. This is an advantage for maintenance and problem-solving and aids understanding by indigenous users. Machines are currently being produced inCambodia and are working in Cambodia, Thailand, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. SeventeenTempest machines were in operation with a further five in production as of November 2003. TheTempest Mk V is a remotely controlled, lightweight multi-tool system with proven vegetation cuttingand trip wire clearing abilities.The MK V has been upgraded to a multi tool system. A range of attachments such as magnets,buckets and grader blades were developed for demining roles. These can be fixed to the Mk Vvehicle.New tracks and a ground-penetrating flail system are under development, due for testing in January2004.The Mk V chassis is V-shaped with an 8mm steel plate in order to minimise damage from anti-personnel mine or UXO detonation. Each of its four hydrostatic wheels is driven by an independentmotor, improving manoeuvrability. This design cancels out the need for major components such asgearbox, clutch, prop shaft, differentials and breaks. The wheels are made of 20mm x 6mm steeland are easy to remove, repair or replace. Although the vehicle should not operate in areas whereanti-tank mines are suspected, evaluations and tests have indicate that the wheels are capable ofwithstanding an anti-tank mine blast.The design principles of the Tempest Mk V are low running costs, small size and light weight forease of transport and agility over difficult terrain.The machine is fitted with a standard Bobcat attachment plate, suitable for Bobcat tools.

Operating methodologyTempest Mk V is driven by remote-control into a suspect area. The front-mounted flail has 36chains that cut vegetation down to 25mm high and can deal with shrubs and small trees up to20mm in diameter.The flail removes tripwires encountered during normal operation. A hydraulic motor operating atspeeds of up to 2,500rpm powers the flail chain-driven shaft. The 290mm long chains of the flailunit have an effective clearance width of 1,520mm. The expected cutting rate of the system is from400-1,600m2/h1, depending on soil type and vegetation density.A magnet can be fixed to the machine which picks up ferrous fragments and debris, potentiallyspeeding up the demining process by reducing the false alarm rate of metal detectors.

Machines in use to dateCurrently, 17 machines are in use between Angola, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Norwegian

Tempest Mk VDevelopment Technology Workshops, Cambodia

Tempest with slasherTempest with chain flail

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People’s Aid), Cambodia (MAG), Congo, Mozambique and Thailand (Thailand Mine ActionCentre).Approximately five machines had been produced as of October 2001.

Engine, fuel and oilThe vehicle is equipped with a Deutz four-cylinder diesel turbo-charged engine with 70kw.The fuel capacity is approximately 35l with a fuel consumption of 8-10l/h.A single hydraulic gear pump serves the individual wheel motors, flail lift arm ram and mainhydraulic motor for the flail unit. In-line on return to tank filtration with magnetic mesh.Hydraulic tank capacity is 110l.The fuel tank is protected by 8mm steel plate.

Factory supportThe Tempest is manufactured in Cambodia. Repairs and maintenance are said to be easy andinexpensive. According to the manufacturer, spares are supplied with the unit and availableworldwide or easily fabricated.Factory engineers based in Cambodia are sent with machines ordered for training of operators,maintenance and repair.A five week training course on site is part of the purchase package. Manuals and documentationare in English, French or Portuguese. Other languages can be supplied but are part of thepurchase package.One-year factory warranty from date of arrival on site.Other services such as field technical support, service and maintenance contracts, repairagreements and container workshops can be provided by the manufacturer.

Maintenance and supportDaily, weekly and monthly routine check lists to be followed. Daily check requires not morethan 1-2 man hours.The manufacturer recommends a two or three-man crew, all trained as operator/mechanic,with one on standby for maintenance and supportCompressor, welding machine and tools can be supplied as part of the purchase package.

Tests and evaluationsThe prototype Tempest underwent extensive tests in Cambodia for anti-personnel and anti-tank mines.The U.S. Army has tested Tempest in the U.S. Test report is available at www.humanitarian-demining.org.Full test reports and photographs are available from the manufacturer.Manufacturer carried out destructive tests on the Mk V using anti-vehicle mines. No report orphotographs are available.


StrengthsRemoves vegettion to greatly increase thespeed of subsequent clearance by manual ordog teams.Removes the tripwire threat.Tempest was designed for ease oftransportation. 4 x 4 with trailer or 5 tonneflatbed truck can transport it.The blast of live mines of 0.25kg under theflail, skids, and wheels did not affect theoperational capability of the system andrepairs took ony minutes to perform.2

Versatility.

LimitationsThe machine is not intended to be used in areaswhere anti-tank mines are suspected.2

The steel wheels provide limited traction inmuddy conditions, but increase the systemsurvivabiity.2

Difficult to operate from a long distances (thisapplies to all remotely controlled machines)..MK I-III suffered from overheating problems. Thishas been addressed with Mk V.2

1. According to the manufacturer.2. U.S. Department of Defence, Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 2000-2001, p. 33.

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Technical data sheet ARTSa. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 3,480mm2. Length total: Not given3. Width without attachment: 1,570mm4. Width total: Not given5. Clearance width: Not given6. Height, overall: 2,030mm with antenna down

3,140mm with antenna up7. Mass, basic vehicle: 3,265 kg8. Mass, total: Depending on working tool

b. Driving specifications9. Wheels/ tracks: Rubber tracks10. Ground pressure, max. weight: 13kg/cm2

11. Hill climbing ability: Not given

c. Clearance performance12. Number of blades/AMDS feet: Not given13. Gap between blades/feet: Not given14. Rotation speed: Not given15. Clearance depth, max: Not given16. Working speed:

• light soil/ small vegetation: 11.2km/h• medium soil/ medium vegetation: 5km/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 2km/h

17. Control of clearance depth: Not given18. Machines in use: Not given19. Location of use: Not given20. Total area cleared so far: Not given21. Other types: Not given

d. System specifications22. Engine: 4 cylinder diesel. No further information given.23. Fuel capacity: 49l24. Fuel consumption: Varies with usage. Full tank will last 4-7hrs25. Separate engine for working unit: No26. Cooling system engine: Not applicable27. Hydraulic oil capacity: 102l

e. Comfort and security28. Air conditioning: No29. Operator comfort: Remote control30. Armour: No31. Remote control: Yes, greatest distance 1,900m

f. Costs32. Cost of system: Not given33. Other costs: Not given34. Transport limitation: For long distances, transportation on low-bed trailer is

required. Air transportable37. Availability for hire: Yes. As available.

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Technical data sheet Armtrac 325 with flail unita. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 6,400mm2. Length total: 8,200mm3. Width without attachment: 2,730mm4. Width total: 3,500mm5. Clearance width: 3,000mm6. Height, overall: 3,200mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 15,000kg8. Mass, demining unit: 3,000kg9. Mass, total: 18,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: 4 foam-filled tyres11. Ground pressure, max. weight: Not given12. Hill climbing ability: 45°a)


• length of chains: 1,000mm14. Gap between chains: 10mm15. Rotation speed: 350rpm16. Clearance depth, max: Up to 300mm17. Working speed:a)

• light soil/ small vegetation: Approx. 4,000m²/h• medium soil/ medium vegetation: Approx. 2,800m²/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: Approx. 2,800m²/h

18. Control of clearance depth: Manual19. Machines in use: 220. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Mozambique21. Total area cleared so far: Approx. 6,000,000m2

22. Other types: Armtrac 100

d. System specifications23. Engine: Volvo diesel with 325hp24. Fuel capacity: 455l25. Fuel consumption: 50l/h26. Separate engine for working unit: No27. Transition: Not given28. Cooling system engine: Air cooled29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 910l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes31. Operator comfort: Air cushioned seat, fully adjustable32. Armour: Cab 10mm steel plates33. Remote control: No

f. Costs34. Cost of system: £230,00035. Other costs:

• training: £2,500; duration 10 days• spare part set chains/belts: £300• repair costs for one year: £2,400• transportation: Approx. £10,000 to buy a low-loader

36. Transport limitation: For long distances, transportation on low-bed trailer isrequired

37. Availability for hire: Yes


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Technical data sheet DEMCO System (attachmentsfitted to Hyundai 20 to wheeled excavator)


a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: Not given2. Length total (boom and attachment): 9,680mm3. Width without attachment: Not given4. Width total: 2,720mm5. Height: 3,160mm6. Mass, basic vehicle: 20,000 kg (with armour plating)7. Mass, demining unit (flail): 1,500kg8. Mass total: 21,500kg

b. Driving specifications9. Wheels/ tracks: Depending on prime mover used10. Ground pressure, max. weight: Not given11. Hill climbing ability: Depending on prime mover used


• length of chains: Not given13. Gap between chains: 50mm14. Rotation speed: 450rpm15. Clearance depth, max: 255mma)

16. Working speed Not given17. Control of clearance depth Automatically or manually18. Machines in use 619. Location of use: Angola, Mozambique, Sudan and Somalia20. Total area cleared so far: Not given21. Other types: Not given

d. System specifications22. Engine: Hyundai 200-W-3 with flail: Cummins B5.9C, 167hp,

turbocharged23. Fuel capacity: 350l24. Fuel consumption: Not given25. Separate engine for working unit: No26. Transition: Not given27. Cooling system engine Water colled28. Hydraulic oil capacity Not given

e. Comfort and security29. Air conditioning: Yes30. Operator comfort: Suspension seat31. Armour: Cab 10mm armour and 50mm armour glass, chassis 8mm

armour32. Remote control: Yes, optional

f. Costs33. Cost of system: U.S.$400,000 (including six attachments and armour

plating)34. Other costs: Not given35. Transport limitation: For longer distances, transportation on a low-bed trailer

is required36. Availability for hire: Yes

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Technical data sheet HEC MAXXa. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: Maxx with Mulcher 1 (arm folded): 6,000mm2. Length total: Transport: 6,000mm container3. Width without attachment: 3,920mm4. Width total: 1,960mm (outside track dimensions)5. Working width: 950mm (Mulcher 1), 1,200mm(Mulcher 2)6. Height overall: 1,988mm (excluding antennas)7. Mass, basic vehicle: 5,380kg8. Mass, attachments: Turtle: 1,120kg; Attachments: 1,268kg (90-500kg)9. Mass total: Total system including container: 14,400kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks, steel, 250mm wide each side11. Ground pressure, max. weight: Not given12. Hill climbing ability: 30°

c. Clearance performance13. Capacity of the mulcher: Mulcher 1: tree Ø250mm, Mulcher 2: tree Ø600mm14. Gap between chains: Not given15. Rotation speed: Mulcher 1: 2,300rpm, Mulcher 2: 1,900rpm16. Working depth, max: Bucket and Fork: 2m deep, reach: 5m (centre to tip)17. Working speed brush cutter: Initial tests indicated 4,000m2 per 6h/day. This was Class

A, B and some C vegetation in semi-arid locations (hardwood). Tropical clearance rates expected to be higherbased on Rotar Mk2 in semi-arid vs. tropical conditions.RT2 has cleared 90,000m2 in 18 months of operating time).

18. Control of clearance depth —19. Machines in use 1 (plus one under construction)20. Location of use: Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda21. Total area cleared so far: Testing only, machine in transit to Rwanda (Sept. 2003)22. Other types: Mulchers: Rotar Mk2, Rotar Mk4, Hydrema, Samil

d. System specifications23. Engine: Perkins diesel engine, 47kw, 4 cylinder, 4 stroke, direct

injection engine24. Fuel capacity: 40l25. Fuel consumption: Maximum 15l per 8h/day26. Separate engine for attachments: No, one pump on engine (MAXX+ has 2 pumps)27. Transmission: Hydrostatic: 1 motor/planetary unit per track28. Cooling system engine: Water29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 80l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: No31. Operator comfort: Turtle: air suspension, circulating fan, open roof32. Armour: MAXX: 4mm plate for the body sides, top and front. Rear

body and upper floor are 20mm plates.Turtle: 4mm plate for the cabin and 38mm protectionglass windows. The body is monocoque and fits on originalprime mover (John-Deere Gator)

33. Remote control: Yes: Brokk factory COTS system + HEC vision system

f. Costs34. Cost of system: About U.S.$250,000 entire system with container and trailer35. Other costs: 40l diesel fuel a week at local cost. Maintenance.36. Transport limitation: For long distances, transportation on trailer is required37. Availability for hire: Not yet. Apply to HEC if interested.

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Technical data sheet Hitachi-Furukawaa. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 8,850mm2. Length total: 11,350mm

Maximum reach radius: 8,750mm3. Width without attachment: 2,480mm4. Width total: 2,480mm5. Clearance width 5,000mm6. Height, overall: 4,700mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 15,250kg8. Mass, demining unit: Depends on attached working tool9. Mass, total: Depends on attached working tool

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: 10.00x2011. Ground pressure, max. weight: Not given12. Hill climbing ability: 30°a)

c. Clearance performance13. Number of blades/ AMDS feet: 11 blades/6 pads (AMDS)14. Gap between blades/ feet: 40mm/5mm (AMDS)15. Rotation speed: —16. Clearance depth, max.: Up to 250mma)

17. Working speed: Not given

d. System specifications18. Control of clearance depth: —19. Machines in use: System is on a prototype stage20. Location of use: —21. Total area cleared so far: —22. Other types: —23. Engine: Cummins turbocharged diesel (74kw)24. Fuel capacity: 290l25. Fuel consumption: 18l/h26. Separate engine for working unit: No27. Transition: Not given28. Cooling system engine: Radiator air cooled29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 210l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes31. Operator comfort: Remote and automatic control32. Armour: Not given33. Remote control: Yes

f. Costs34. Cost of system: Not given35. Other costs: Not given36. Transport limitation: For long distances transportation on a low-bed trailer is

required37. Availability for hire: Not given


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Technical data sheet MgM Rotar Mk-IIa. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 5,760 mm2. Length total: Not given3. Width without attachment: 2,396mm4. Width total: 2,400mm (stabiliser legs at the rear)5. Working width: 1,800mm (inside the drum); 1,600 mm (cutter)6. Height, overall: 3,250mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 7,415kg8. Mass, attachments: 2,985 kg9. Mass, total: 10,400kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: 4 wheels tubeless, nylon, loader design tyres11. Ground pressure, max. weight: Not given12. Hill climbing ability: 30°

c. Working performance13. Capacity of the Rotar: 600l14. Gap between chains: —15. Rotation speed: Variable16. Clearance depth, max: 200-300mm17. Working speed brush cuttera): Mulcher: 4,000m2 per 6h working day

Rotar: 480m2 to 200mm depth per 6h working day18. Control of clearance depth: Manual19. Machines in use: 120. Location of use Namibia21. Total area cleared so far: Not given22. Other types Rotar MK I (larger machine, UniDisc (large excavator)

d. System specifications23. Engine: Caterpillar 3054 T turbocharged diesel engine, either with

56 or 60kw and a four-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injectionengine.

24. Fuel capacity: 128l25. Fuel consumption: Max. 15-25l/h depending on configuration and soil

conditions26. Separate engine for Rotar unit: No27. Transition: Not given28. Cooling system engine: Water29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 79l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes31. Operator comfort: Air-suspension seat, additional option: AM/FM stereo/

cassette package, tilt wheel, and circulating fan32. Armour: 4mm plate for the cabin and 35mm protection glass

windows. The engine hood, rear cab side and cab floor,and the Rotar blast deflector are toughened with 6-10mm plates

33. Remote control: No

f. Costs34. Cost of system: Approx. U.S.$200,00035. Other costs: Not given36. Transport limitation: For long distances transportation by low-bed trailer is

required37. Availability for hire: Not yet. Inquire with HEC if interested.


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Technical data sheet Pearson Minefield Tractora. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 4,100mm2. Length total: Not given3. Width without attachment: 2,500mm4. Width total: Not given5. Working width: Not given6. Height, overall: 3,400mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 7,500kg8. Mass, demining unit: Depends on the various attachments9. Mass, total: Depends on the various attachments

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Zero maintenance soft ride solid tyres mounted on special

wheels to protect the vehicle and the driver againstanti-vehicle mine blast

• front steel wheel: 600mm wide x 1,716mm diameter• rear steel wheel: 800mm wide x 2,274mm diameter

11. Ground pressure, max weight: Not given

c. Working performance13. Number of chains: —14. Gap between chains: —15. Rotation speed: —16. Clearance depth: —17. Working speed: Depends on the various attachments18. Control of clearance depth: —19. Machines in use: —20. Location of use: —21. Total area cleared so far: —22. Other types: No

d. System specifications23. Engine: 150hp diesel engine24. Fuel capacity: 170l25. Fuel consumption: Max. 30l/h26. Separate engine for working unit: No27. Transition: Not given28. Cooling system engine: Water29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 66l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes31. Operator comfort: Comfortable seat, adjustable steering column, all controls

within easy reach32. Armour: Cab: 8mm strengthened steel. Vehicle: 4mm high

strengthened steel33. Remote control: No

f. Costs34. Cost of system: Less than SDT35. Other costs: Not given36. Transport limitation: Capable of 40km/h on road. Transporter required for

longer distances. Can be shipped in 40ft ISO container.37. Availability for hire: No

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Technical data sheet Rotary Cutter BM 307-VFRM35

a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: FHa):10,970mm2. Length total: FH:15,780mm; RCb):10,970mm3. Width without attachment: 3,190mm4. Width total: FH:4,790mm; RC:3,190mm5. Clearing/working width: FH:12,470/1,000mm; RC: 11,000/1,000mm6. Height, overall: 3,230mm7. Weight, basic vehicle: 23,400kg8. Weight, removable elements: FH: 6,600kg; RC: 2,600kg9. Mass, total: FH: 40,000kg; RC: 36,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks/Grouser-shoe (std: 600mm, option 700mm)11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.64kg/cm2


c. Working performance13. Number of chains: FH: 42 pieces/hammer 39pieces; RC: cutter bits 40 pieces14. Gap between chain/tools: FH: 10mm; RC: overlapping15. Length of chains/tools: FH: chain length1,080mm; RC: cutter bit length 196mm16. Drum diameter: FH: 267mm; RC: 508mm17. Rotation speed: Mode selection FH: 400/500rpm; RC: 650/900rpm18. Clearance/working depth: FH: 500mm; RC: 300mm19. Working speed: Not given20. Excavation/working depth: FH: 50mm; RC: 300mm21. Machines in use: FH: one set has been developed; RC: one set has been

developed22. Location of use: FH: Afghanistan; RC: Afghanistan, Cambodia,

Nicaragua, Thailand, Viet Nam23. Total area cleared so far: Not given24. Other types: FH: BM307-VF20, scheduled for development completion

in 2003; RC: BM307-SG16, BM307-VG20, BM307-VG21,BM307-VG23, BM307-VG27

d. System specifications25. Engine: Turbo diesel 6-cylinder, 7.79l, 184 kw/2,000rpm26. Fuel capacity: 560l27. Fuel consumption: Not given28. Separate engine for working unit: No29. Cooling system (both engines): Water30. Oil capacity: 36l31. Hydraulic oil capacity (both engines): 320l

e. Comfort and security32. Air conditioning: Full auto air conditioner standard33. Operator comfort: Suspension seat, radio, hot and cool box

a) FH: flail hammer.b) RC: rotary cutter.

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Technical data sheet Rotary Cutter BM 307-VGDM23

a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 10,140mm2. Length total: 10,140mm3. Width without attachment: 3,190mm4. Width total: 3,190mm5. Clearing/working width: 10,270/1,000mm6. Height, overall: 3,170mm7. Weight, basic vehicle: 23,600kg8. Weight, removable elements: 2,400kg9. Mass, total: 26,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks/Grouser-shoe (std: 600mm, option 700mm)11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.48kg/cm2


c. Working performance13. Number of chains: Cutter bits 40 pieces14. Gap between chain/tools: Overlapping15. Length of chains/tools: Cutter bit length 196mm16. Drum diameter: 508mm17. Rotation speed: Mode selection 650/900rpm18. Clearance/working depth: 300mm19. Working speed: Not given20. Excavation/working depth: 300mm21. Machines in use: Developed: 122. Location of use: Afghanistan, Cambodia, Nicaragua, Thailand, Viet Nam23. Total area cleared so far: Not given24. Other types: BM307-SG16, BM307-VG20, BM307-VG21, BM307-VG27,

BM307-VG27, BM307-VG35

d. System specifications25. Engine: Turbo diesel 6-cylinder, 6.49l, 125 kw/2,100rpm26. Fuel capacity: 560l27. Fuel consumption: Not given28. Separate engine for working unit: No29. Cooling system (both engines): Water30. Oil capacity: 36l

e. Comfort and security31. Air conditioning: Full auto air conditioner standard32. Operator comfort: Suspension seat, radio, hot and cool box33. Armour: Cabin, hydraulic cylinder, fuel tank, hydraulic oil tank,

under-cover34. Remote control: Yes

f. Costs35. Cost of system: Not given36. Other costs: Not given37. Transport limitation: Maximum travel speed: 5.5km/h. Use of trailer for

transportation38. Availability for hire: Not given

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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 3,200mm2. Maximum reach radius: 1,200mm3. Width total: 1,520mm5. Working width: 1,600mm6. Height, overall: 3,400mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 2,700kg8. Mass, working tool: 500kg9. Mass, total: 3,200kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Wheels: 600mm diameter, 360mm-wide steel with 40mm

cleats, tracks: 1.6m x 0.3m two-speed rubber units11. Ground pressure, max weight: Not given

c. Working performance13. Number of cutting tools: 3614. Gap between drums/chisels: Full coverage of treated ground15. Rotation speed: 1,500rpm16. Working depth, max.: Ground engaging tool in development17. Working speed:

. light soil/small vegetation: 1,200-1,600m2/h

. medium soi/medium vegetation: 800/1.200m2/h

. heavy soil/dense vegetation: 400-800m2/h18. Control of working depth: Not given19. Machines in use: 1720. Location of use: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Croatia,

DR Congo, Mozambique, Thailand, U.S.21. Total area cleared so far: Unknown22. Other types: Not given

d. System specifications23. Engine: 70kw24. Fuel capacity: 30l lasting for approx. 3 working hours25. Fuel consumption: 8-10l/h26. Separate engine for tilling unit: No27. Transition: No28. Cooling system engine: Air-cooled engine and hydraulics29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 130l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: —31. Operator comfort: Remote control32. Armour: 8mm steel plates33. Remote control: Yes, greatest distance: 500m

f. Costs34. Cost of system: U.S.$89,000 (not including attachments)35. Other costs:

Training: Approx. U.S.$7,800 (does not include instructor's expensesDuration of training: 5 weeksSpare parts set (chains, belts): U.S.$150Repair costs: Approx. U.S.$4,000

36. Transport limitation: 4 x 4 and trailer or medium truck with crane37. Availability for hire: Negotiable

Technical data sheet Tempest Mk V

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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 2,480mm 6,400mm2. Length total: Not given 8,200mm

3. Width without attachment: 1,570mm 2,730mm4. Width total: Not given 3,500mm5. Clearance width: Not given 3,000mm

6. Height, overall: 2,030mm (antenna down) 3,200mm23,130mm (antenna up)

7. Mass, basic vehicle: 3,265kg 15,000 kg8. Mass, demining unit: — 3,000 kg

9. Mass, total: Depending on working tool 18,000 kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Rubber tracks 4 foam-filled tyres

11. Ground pressure, max. weight: 13kg/cm2 Not given12. Hill climbing ability: Not given 45°a)

c. Working performance13. Number of blades: not given chains: 74

• length of chains: 1,000mm14. Gap between blades: not given chains:10mm15. Rotation speed: Not given 350rpm

16. Clearance depth, max: Not given Up to 300mm

17. Working speed:• light soil/ small vegetation: 11,2km/h Approx. 4,000m²/ha)

• medium soil/ med. vegetation: 5km/h Approx. 2,800m²/ha)

• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 2km/h Approx. 2,800m²/ha)

18. Control of clearance depth: Not given Manual19. Machines in use: Not given 220. Location of use: Not given Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo,

Mozambique21. Total area cleared so far: Not given Approx. 6,000,000m2

22. Other types: Not given Armtrac 100

d. System specifications23. Engine: 4 cylinder diesel Volvo diesel with 325hp

24. Fuel capacity: 49l 455l25. Fuel consumption: Varies with usage, full tank: 4-7h 50l/h26. Separate engine for working unit: No No27. Transition: — Not given28. Cooling system engine: na Air cooled29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 102l 910l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: No Yes31. Operator comfort: Remote control Air cushioned seat, fully

adjustable

Armtrac 325ARTS

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Hitachi-Furukawa

Not given With Mulcher 1 folded: 6,000mm 8,850mmwith boom and attach.: 9,680mm 6,000mm 11,350mm

Maximum reach radius: 8,750mmNot given 3,920mm 2,480mm2,720mm 1,960mm outside track 2,480mmMaximum reach: 10,000mm Mulcher 1:950mm , 5,000mm

Mulcher2: 1,200mm

3,160mm 1,988mm (excluding antennas) 4,700mm

20,000kg (with armour plating) 5,380kg 15,250 kg(flail) 1,500kg Turtle: 1,120kg, att.: 1,268kg Depends on attached working

tool21,500kg incl. container: 14,400kg Depends on attached working

tool

Depending on prime mover tracks, steel, 250mm wide each 10.00x20side

Not given Not given Not givenDepending on prime mover 30o 30°a)

chains: 36 8 blades/ 6 pads (AMDS)

50mm 40mm/5mm (AMDS)450rpm Mulcher 1: 2,300rpm, —

Mulcher 2: 1,900rpm255mma) Bucket and Fork: 2, deep Up to 300mm

reach: 5m (centre to tip)Not given Initial tests indicate 4,000m2 per Not given

6h/day. Tropical clearancerates expected to be higher.

Automatically or manually — —6 1 (plus one under construction) System is on a prototype stageAngola, Mozambique, Sudan Angola, Mozambique,and Somalia Naminia and RwandaNot given Testing onlyNot given Mulchers: Rotar Mk2, Rotar Mk4

Hydrema, Samil

Hyundai 200-W 3 with flail: Perkins diesel engine, 47kw, Cummins turbocharged dieselCummins B5.9C, 167 hp, turbo- 4 cylinder, 4 stroke, direct 74kwcharged injection engine350l 40l 290lNot given Max. 15l per 8h/day 18l/hNo No, one pump on engine NoNot given Hydrostatic Not givenWater cooled Water Radiator air cooledNot given 80l 210l

Yes No YesSuspension seat Turtle: air suspension, circulating Remote and automatic control

fan, open roof

DEMCO HEC MAXX

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32. Armour: No Cab 10mm steel plates

33. Remote control: Yes, max. distance: 1,900m No

f. Costs34. Cost of system: Not given £230,000

35. Other costs: Not given• training: £2,500; duration 10 days• spare part set chains/belts: £300• repair costs for one year: £2,400• transportation: £10,000 to buy a low-loader

36. Transport limitation: For long distances transportation For long distances, transportationon a low-bed trailer is required on low-bed trailer is requiredAir transportable

37. Availability for hire: Yes. As available Yes

Armtrac 325

COMPARATIVE ANALYSISARTS

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Hitachi-Furukawa


HEC MAXXDEMCOCab 10mm armour and 50mm MAXX: 4mm plate for body sides, Not givenarmour glass, chassis 8mm armour top and front. Rear body and

upper floor are 20mm plates.Turtle: 4mm plate for the cabinand 38 mm protection glasswindows.

No Yes. Brokk factory COTS system+ YesHEC vision system

US$400,000 (incl. 6 About U.S.$250,000 entire system Not givenattachments and armour plating) with container and trailerNot given 40l diesel fuel a week, Not given

maintenance

For longer distances, transportation For long distances, transportation For long distances transportationon a low-bed trailer is required on trailer is required on low-bed trailers is required

Yes Not yet. Application to HEC Not given

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MgM Rotar Mk-II Pearson Minefield Tractor


a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 5,760mm 4,100mm2. Length total: Not given Not given

3. Width without attachment: 2,396mm 2,500mm4. Width total: 2,400mm (stabiliser legs at rear) Not given5. Clearance width: 1,800mm (inside the drum) Not given

1,600mm (cutter)6. Height, overall: 3,250mm 3,400mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 3,265kg 7,500 kg8. Mass, attachments: 2,985kg Depends on the attachments9. Mass, total: 10,400kg Depends on the attachments

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: 4 wheels tubeless, nylon, loader Zero maintenance soft ride solid

design tyres tyres mounted on specialwheels to protect the vehicleand the driver agains anti-vehicle mine blast

11. Ground pressure, max. weight: Not given Not given12. Hill climbing ability: 30o —

c. Working performance13. Number of capacity of the Rotar: 600l —

• length of chains: —

14. Gap between tools: — —15. Rotation speed: Not given —

16. Clearance depth, max: 200-300mm —17. Working speed: Mulcher: 4,000m2 per 6h working

• light soil/ small vegetation: day, Rotar: 480m2 to 200mm —• medium soil/ med. vegetation: depth per 6h working day —• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: —

18. Control of clearance depth: Manual —19. Machines in use: 1 —20. Location of use: Namibia —

21. Total area cleared so far: Not given —22. Other types: Rotar Mk1m UniDisc No

d. System specifications23. Engine: Caterpillar 3054T turbocharged 150hp diesel engine

diesel engine, either with 56 or60kw and a 4-cylinder, 4-strokedirect injection engine

24. Fuel capacity: 128l 170l

25. Fuel consumption: Max. 15/25l/h depending on Maximim 30l/hconfiguration and soil

26. Separate engine for working unit: No No27. Transition: — Not given28. Cooling system engine: Water Water

29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 79l 66l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes Yes31. Operator comfort: Air suspension seat, additional Comfortable seat, adjustable

option:AM/FM stereo/cassette steering column, all controlpackage, tilt wheel, and within easy reachcirculating fan

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Tempest Mk VRotary Cutter BM 307-VFRM35

FHa): 10,970mm 10,140mm 3,200mmFH: 15,780mm; RCb): 10,970 10,140mm 1,200mm

3,190mm 3,190mmFH: 4,790mm; RC: 3,190mm 3,190mm 1,520mmFH: 12,470/1,000mm; RC: 11,000/ 10,270/1,000mmm 1,600mm1,000mm3,230mm 3,170mm 3,400mm23,400kg 23,600kg 2,700 kgFH: 6,600kg; RC: 2,600kg 2,400kg 500kgFH: 40,000kg; RC: 36,000kg 26,000kg 3,200kg

Tracks/Grouser shoe (st. 600mm, Tracks/Grouser shoe (st. 600mm, 600mm diameter, 360mm-wideoptional 700mm) optional 700mm) steel with 40mm cleats, tracks:

1.6mx0.3m two-speed rubber units

0.64kg/cm2 0.48kg/cm2 Not given35o 35o

FH: 42 pieces/hammer 39 pieces; Cutter bits: 40 pieces cutting tools: 36RC: cutter bits 40 pieces cutter bit length: 196mm

Drum diameter: 508mmFH: 10mm; RC: overlapping Overlapping Full coverage of treated groundMode selection FH: 400/500rpm; Mode selection 650/900rpm 1,500rpmRC: 650/900rpmFH: 500mm; RC: 300mm 300mm Ground engaging tool in dvpt.Not given Not given

1,200-1,600m2/h800/1,200m2/h400-800m2/h

— — Not given1 set of each developed 1 (developed) 17FH: Afghanistan; RC: Afghanistan, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Angola, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Cambodia, Nicaragua, Thailand, Nicaragua, Thailand, Viet Nam Cambodia, Croatia, DR Congo,Viet Nam Mozambique, Thailand, U.S.Not given Not given UnknownFH: BM307-VF20; RC: BM307-SG16, BM307-SG16, BM307-VG20, -VG Not givenBM307-VG20, -VG21, -VG27 21, -VG27

Turbo diesel 6-cylinder, 7.79l, Turbo diesel 6-cylinder, 6.49l,, 70kw184w/2,000rpm 125kw/2,100rpm

560l 560ll 30l lasting for approx. 3 workinghours

Not given Not given 8-10l/h

No No NoNo

Water Water Air cooled engine andhydraulics

320l 36l 130l

Full auto air conditioner standard Full auto air conditioner standard —Suspension seat, radio, hot and Suspension seat, radio, hot and Remote controlcool box cool box

Rotary Cutter BM 307-VGDM23

a) FH: flail hammerb) RC: rotary cutter

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32. Armour: 4mm plate for cabin and 35mm Cab: 8mm strengthened steel.protection grass windows. Engine Vehicle: 4mm high strengthenedhood, rear cab side and cab steelfloor, and Rotar blast deflectorare toughed with 6-10mm plates

33. Remote control: No No

f. Costs34. Cost of system: Approx. U.S.$200,000 Less than SDT

35. Other costs: Not given Not given• training:• spare part set chains/belts:• repair costs for one year:

36. Transport limitation: For long distances transportation Capable of 40km/h on road.on a low-bed trailer is required Transporter required for longer

distances. Can be shipped in40ft ISO container

37. Availability for hire: Not yet. Inquire with HEC if Nointerested

MgM Rotar Mk-II Pearson Minefield Tractor

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— Cabin, hydraulic cylinder, fuel 8mm steel platestank, hydraulic oil tank, under-cover

— Yes Yes. Greater distance: 500m

— Not given U.S.$89,000 (not includingattachments

— Not givenApprox. U.S.$7,800 5 weekschains, belts: U.S.$150Approx. U.S.$4,000

— Maximum travel speed: 5.5km/h 4x4 and trailer or medium truckUse of trailer for transportation with crane

— Not given Negotiable

Rotary Cutter BM 307-VFRM3520 Rotary Cutter BM 307-VGDM23 Tempest Mk V

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Section 5

Vegetation cutter

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BDM 48 Brusher DeminerPro Mac Manufacturing Ltd., Canada

General descriptionThe BDM48 is mounted on a case 904B tracked excavator with a protection package for the operatorand arm. A blast damping system protects the excavator arm from explosive blast. Quick releasevalves on the hydraulic system avoid hydraulic damage from heavy blast.The prime mover has a purpose-built cab designed to withstand blast from anti-tank mines andordnance up to 105mm artillery rounds.The system provides the following general capabilities:1

safety and security for the operator by working from the cleared area;removes vegetation to prepare ground for other clearance assets;removes tripwire threat;removes or reduces anti-personnel mine threat by neutralising mines.

Clearance and cutting methodologyThe Pro Mac BDM 48 Brushcutter Deminer is a Rotary Drum (Arbor) System that removes brushand bamboo. It can grind anti-personnel mines to a depth of 200mm. The maximum reach radius atground level is 9m.The drum, with its 23 cutter bits, rotates with a speed of up to 2,300rpm and covers a working widthof 1,220mm.

Machines in use to dateOne machine operated by the Canadian International Demining Corps (CIDC) in Thailand.

Engine, fuel and oilThe prime mover (excavator) CASE 9040B is powered by a diesel engine.It is recommended that performance formula diesel fuel additive should be put into the fueltank every third fill.The hydraulic system of the excavator uses CASE IH Hy-Tran Ultra (MS 1209) hydraulic oil.Lubetec anti-friction treatment is used in both the hydraulic and engine oil systems.

Factory supportPROMAC offers a training package for machine operators and for service and repair personnelat the factory. This package is part of the unit purchase.Spare parts for the BDM 48 head are shipped with the unit. These spare parts consist of severalsets of spare cutter bits, bearings, seals and a spare drive motor and shaft assembly.

PRO MAC BDM 48 attached to a CASE 9040 Bexcavator

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LimitationsThe BDM 48 head is not designed for clearanceof anti-tank mines.1

Complete with armoured excavator, the systemweighs 34 tonnes. For transport over longerdistances, a low-loader is required.2

The clearance depth is limited to approx. 20cm.A highly experienced operator is needed.2

Productivity limited by requirement to operatefrom safe area.

StrengthsA useful tool that combines bush cutting withthe ability to spot clear anti-personnel mines.Works through root structure and rough ground.Works in and around obstacles.Capability to detonate or neutralise all minesto a depth of 200mm.1

Spare parts for the excavator are available through authorized distributors for the specificmake of excavator. The Thailand system is mounted on a CASE 9040B, the same unit as a LinkBelt 3400 or a Sumitomo 220. Many types of excavator can be used provided that they have thenecessary flow and hydraulic pressure (190l per minute and 282 bar) required for the BDM 48.In hotter regions it is necessary to increase the cooling system capacity of the excavator for theengine and hydraulic system. These modifications would be standard for Southeast Asia andother high ambient temperature areas. Instruction manuals are included as part of the sale. They will be provided in the relevantlanguage of the purchaser and are part of the purchase package.Additional operator training and attachment overhaul training packages are available.

Maintenance and supportOperators and servicing personnel must be able to perform basic service requirements such as:

Oil and filter changes on excavator,Lube and service deminer head,

Inspect and clean the unit after eachworking day.

Cutter bits are subject to wear and tear andwill often require replacement. Maintenancepersonnel for the system will be required toweld new cutter bits. Rates of wear and tearwill depend on soil conditions.

Tests and evaluationsThe BDM 48 system underwentevaluation by CCMAT (CanadianCentre for Mine Action Technologies),DRES (Defence ResearchEstablishment Suffield) and TMAC(Thailand Mine Action Centre) inApril-June 2001. During evaluation, Mechanical Reproduction Mines (MRM) and M14 anti-personnel mines were used.CIDC summarised its observations and analysis of the performance of BDM48 covering theperiod August 2001 to March 2002.Test report: www.itep.ws.

1. PROMAC manufacturer letter dated 8 October 2001.2. Test report Thailand Mine Action Centre, Standard Operating Procedures Mechanical Assistance to Demining —Promac Brush Deminer 48 (BDM 48), May 2001.

Example of a bite from the PRO MAC BDM 48

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Digger DTR, Switzerland

Digger D-1

General descriptionThe Digger D-1 is a lightweight, remotely controlled vegetation cutter developed by the SwissNGO, Digger DTR (Demining Technologies Research), which has mine clearance experience inCroatia and Cambodia.The vehicle consists of an armoured, V-shaped hull which potentially minimises the damagecaused by anti-personnel mines or UXO detonations. The cutting tool, which can be either a flailsystem or a mulcher, is attached to the front of the vehicle. The system is remotely controlled up toa range of 300m by an operator placed behind a shield in line of sight. According to the manufacturer,the flail system has the potential to neutralise flush-to–surface-laid anti-personnel mines. Thecutting tool is proven to remove tripwires if encountered.Despite its rugged design the machine should not operate in areas where anti-tank mines aresuspected.

Clearance and cutting methodologyThe rotor on the cutting unit operates at approximately 500rpm, using 44 adjustable chisels toremove thick vegetation and trees. The minimum cutting depth is 2cm above ground.To increase cutting depth, a flail unit was developed after intial tests in Albania. The rotor operatesat 500rpm, using 40 chains. Hardened steel hammers are attached to the end of the 50cm longchains. The cutting depth is manually adjustable from 5cm above to 5cm below surface.This multi-tool concept will be applied to the upgraded version of the machine. A shovel andvarious area-reduction tools are planned to be available for the Digger 2 which will give the machinethe ability to achieve a variety of demining tasks.

Machines in use to dateD-1 will be deployed to Sri Lanka from 2004 to 2005 with the Swiss Foundation for MineClearance (FSD).The prototype of the machine was tested by Swiss Foundation for Mine Clearance (FSD) inAlbania and Kosovo (July – September 2002).The D-2, (second generation) will be available for purchase in 2005.

Engine, fuel and oilThe D-1 is equipped with a 2.7l, five-cylinder Kubota diesel engine (46kW/62hp).Fuel capacity is 50 l with an approx. fuel consumption of 10l/h.The engine oil capacity is 12l. Hydraulic fluid capacity is 120l.D-2 will be equipped with a 3.3l Kubota diesel engine (51kW/69 hp).

Digger in operation

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StrengthsManoeuvrable and easy to transport.Transportable in a 20ft container, equippedwith a small workshop.Above-average hill-climbing ability.Lightweight and rugged design.Task versatility (with other attachments).

LimitationsThe system is designed to operate in anti-personnel mine-affected areas only.Difficult to operate from a long distance (morethan 200m ). (This applies to all remotelycontrolled systems.)

Factory supportManufacturer provides training for operators.Available stock of spare parts reduces machine down-time.Manuals and documentation in English, French and German are included in the purchasepackage.One-year factory warranty.On-line technical service (Internet).Digger offers an all-inclusive hiring concept.

Maintenance and supportDaily servicing is required. Major servicing after 200 working hours.Recommended crew: one operator (remote control), one mechanic.Machine can be delivered in a 20ft container, equipped with a basic mobile workshop.

Tests and evaluationsThe Swiss Army carried out blast tests on the chassis and the cutting tool. Six detonations with730g of TNT each including fragmentation were carried out at different distances (0.04m to1m) to the cutting tool. Five detonations of 200g of TNT were fired beneath the tracks. In allcases no serious damage was caused either by blast or fragments. The test report is availableon the manufacturer’s website.The Swiss Foundation for Mine Clearance (FSD) tested the machine over a period of 2 monthsin Albania in live suspect areas. Some manufacturing defects were reported. The experiencegained during these tests was used for upgrading the D-1. PMA-1 detonations under thevehicle’s tracks caused no damage to the system. The protective shield was tested against theeffect of a PMR 2A fired from a distance of 6m. No serious damage was observed.Detailed information is available on the manufacturer’s website.

The cutting system undergoing trails

PMA 1 fired under Digger chain

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Hydrema M1220 LightArmoured and R1820

A/S Hydrema Danmark, Denmark

General descriptionThe Hydrema M1220 Light Armoured is based on the commercial Hydrema excavator series. Theboom is available as a one- or two-piece implement. In the excavator role, the machine can be fittedwith three different excavator buckets. The operator is protected from blast and fragments, andballistic protection from rounds up to 7.62mm (NATO). The cab is mounted to the chassis on arubber platform to reduce noise levels. The machine has permanent 4 x 4 wheel drive, with anoptional gear allowing the machine to travel at up to 30km/h on paved roads.The manufacturer has not provided further information.The Hydrema R 1820 is a powerful, high-capacity excavator (18-20 tonnes). It has a two-pieceboom configuration for extended reach, height and low front turning radius. A neck cylinderprovides safe stowage when travelling.The unit can be fitted with various track types, depending on ground conditions.A large armoured cab gives the operator protection against fragments and bullets to level C4according to DIN 52290 (Deutsche Industrie Norm), part 2 (cal. 7.62x 51mm).Computerised instrumentation provides information such as running time and maintenancescheduling to the operator.

Working methodologyThe main use of the M1220 Light Armoured is to cut vegetation. The working width of the bushcutter is 1,000mm, with 18 cutter bits mounted to the 100mm-diameter rotating drum. The arm ofthe Hydrema can reach the 392kg bush cutter out to 8,500mm. With a digger bucket, the boom canextend its reach to 9400mm. The M1220 has a maximum lift of 7 tonnes.The R1820 is a multi-purpose construction machine which can also be used for vegetation cutting.

Machines in use to dateM 1220 Light Armoured: one system sold to MgM in Namibia for use in Angola.R 1820: four systems were purchased by the Swedish military and are currently employed inthe Balkans.

Engine, fuel and oilM1220 Light Armoured: Perkins 1004–40 T turbo-diesel engine, four-cylinder 4.0l water-cooledwith 75kw.R1820: Perkins 1004-4TW, turbocharged, intercooler, 91kw.250l fuel tank capacity (for both machines).

Hydrema M1220 Light Armoured with bushcutter

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LimitationsNo information available.

StrengthsNo information available.

180l hydraulic tank capacity (for both machines).

Factory supportTraining of operators is part of the purchase package.Comprehensive manuals and documentation are part of the purchase package.

Maintenance and supportThe manufacturer has not provided further information.

Tests and evaluationsBoth systems have been on the market for several years and therefore tested under operationalconditions.

Hydrema R 1820

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Komatsu PC60 VegetationCutter

Komatsu, Japan

General descriptionThe Komatsu PC 60 Vegetation Cutter combines vegetation cutting and terrain levelling. Thesystem features heavy armour protection for the driver’s cab, fuel tank, hydraulic tank and engine.The system is not capable of withstanding an anti-tank mine blast. Tests carried out using livemines such as OZM3 and M18A1 confirmed the survivability of the system against anti-personnelmine blasts.With a total weight of approx. 10 tonnes, the machine is practical for deployment to countrieswhere road infrastructure is poor. Low ground pressure allows for operation in wet and muddyground conditions.Low average fuel consumption and robust design are aimed at reducing operational costs of themachine.

Clearance methodologyThe cutter unit cuts vegetation up to 100mm in diameter to a working width of 1,000mm. The cutterunit rotating drum is attached to a hydraulically-operated arm with a reach of 6.70m.No further information is provided by the manufacturer.

Machines in use to dateTwo machines have been operated by CMAC since 2000.

Engine, fuel and oilThe Komatsu 4D95 diesel engine powers both machines.The hydraulic brush cutter attachment is powered by the main engine.

Factory supportKomatsu provides training both for operators and mechanics.Manuals are available in English or any language required by the purchaser.Worldwide servicing and spare parts network reduces machine down-time.

Maintenance and supportThe system features a water separator for poor quality fuel, a corrosion resistor for hard watertreatment and a larger engine cooling system for tropical conditions.

KOMATSU PC 60 vegetation cutter

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LimitationsMachine is not capable of withstanding an anti-tank mine blast.The vegetation cutting performance is limitedto 100mm stem in diameter.

StrengthsLightweight.Worldwide servicing network provides accessto spares.

Tests and evaluationsThe prototype of the PC 60 was tested in Cambodia. Operational performance and survivabilityfulfil CMAC requirements.The survivability test was carried out by using anti-personnel pressure mines (OZM3 andM18A1).

Komatsu vegetation cutter operating in Cambodia

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Technical data sheet BDM 48 Brusher Deminer


a. Dimensional data1. Total length: 9,880mm2. Maximum reach radius: 9,000mm3. Width total: 3,380mm4. Working width: 1,220mm5. Height, minimum: 3,070mm6. Height, overall: As per boom position7. Mass, basic vehicle: 32,000kg8. Mass, working tool: 1,820kg9. Mass, total: 34,000kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks11. Ground pressure, max weight: Not given12. Hill climbing ability: 35°

c. Clearance performance13. Number of cutting tools: 23 cutter bits14. Gap between drums/ chisels/chains: Overlapping bits15. Rotation speed: 1,900-2,300rpm16. Working depth, max.: Up to 200mm17. Working speed:

• in thick underbrush and bamboo: 4-8m²/mina)

18. Control of working depth: Manual19. Machines in use: 120. Other types: Not given21. Location of use: Thailand22. Total area cleared so far: Not given

d. System specifications23. Engine: Cummins GT830 (CASE 9040B)24. Fuel capacity: 310l25. Fuel consumption: Not given26. Separate engine for tilling unit: No27. Transition: —28. Cooling system engine: 35l29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 216l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Not given31. Operator comfort: Not given32. Armour: Not given33. Remote control: No

f. Costs34. Cost of system: Not given35. Other costs: Not given36. Transport limitation: Max. speed on tracks 5km/h. Normally on trailer37. Availability for hire: Not given

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Technical data sheet Digger D-1

a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 3,000mm2. Total length: 3,500mm3. Width without attachment: 1,40mm4. Width total: 1,800mm5. Clearing/working width: 1,600mm (flail)6. Height, overall: 1,700mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 3,500kg8. Mass, working tool: 400kg (flail)9. Mass, total: 3,900kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Steel fabricated tracks11. Ground pressure: Approx. 1kg/cm2


c. Working performance13. Number of chains/tools: Flail (40 chains) or mulcher (44 chisels)14. Gap between chisels/chains: Overlap15. Length of chains: 500mm16. Diameter of drum: Mulcher: 350mm17. Rotation speed: 500rpm (flail and mulcher)18. Working depth, max: Flail: -50mm to +50mm; mulcher: +20mm19. Working speeda)

• light soil/ small vegetation: 2,000m2/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 1,500m2/h• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 600m2/h

20. Control of working depth: Flail: adjustable, mulcher: manual21. Machines in use: 122. Other types: D-2 (second generation)23. Location of use: Sri Lanka24. Total area cleared so far: Not given

d. System specifications25. Engine: Kubota 5-cylinder diesel engine, 2.7l, 46kw (D-2: 51kw)26. Fuel capacity: 50l27. Fuel consumption: 10l28. Separate engine for working unit: No29. Cooling system engine: Water cooled30. Hydraulic oil capacity (both engines): 120l

e. Comfort and security31. Air conditioning: —32. Operator comfort: Remote control, with operator protection shield33. Armour: 10mm hardened steel34. Remote control: Yes

• greatest distance: More than 300m

f. Costs35. Cost of system: CHF165,000 (Digger-D 2)35. Other costs:

• spare parts set: CHF20,000 (for flail and vehicle)• repair costs for one year: Included in spare part set

36. Transport limitation: 20ft container with workshop inside37. Availability for hire: Yes, with 2 Digger staff (operator and mechanic),

transportation and logistic included


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Technical data sheet Hydrema M1220/R1820


a. Dimensional data1. Length total: 6,610mm/8,340mm2. Maximum reach radius: 1,000mm3. Width total: 2,486 mm/2,880mm4. Working width: Not given5. Height, minimum: Not given6. Height, overall: 3,920mm/2,959mm (in transportation mode)7. Mass, basic vehicle: 18,000-20,000kg8. Mass, attachments: 392kg (for bush cutter head)9. Mass, total: Max. 13,500kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: 4 wheels 8 x 9 – 20 EM (with twin tyres 4 x 600/40 – 22,5/

tracks)11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0,32-0,57kg/cm2

12. Hill climbing ability: Not given

c. Working performance13. Number of cutting tools: Not given14. Gap between drums, chisels, chains: Not given15. Rotation speed: Not given16. Working depth, max: 5,700 mm/6,600mm (max. digging depth)17. Working speed brush cutter: Not given18. Control of working depth: Not given19. Machines in use: 1/420. Other types: Not given21. Location of use: Angola, Balkans22. Total area cleared so far: Not given

d. System specifications23. Engine: Perkins 1004 – 40 T turbo-diesel engine, four-cylinder, 4.0l,

with 75kw/ turbocharged intercooler, 91kw24. Fuel capacity: 250l25. Fuel consumption: Not given26. Separate engine for tilling unit: Not given27. Transition: Not given28. Cooling system engine: Water cooled29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 180l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Optional31. Operator comfort: Comfort drivers seat damped against shock wave from

mine explosions, vibration damped cab, heating system,other equipment is available as an option

32. Armour: DIN 52290-2/DIN 52290-2 class C533. Remote control: Not given



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Technical data sheet Komatsu PC 60

a. Dimensional data1. Total lenght: 6,320mm2. Maximum reach radius: 6,705mm3. Width total: 2,605mm4. Working width: 1,000 mm5. Height, minimum: 2,890 mm6. Height, overall: 6,715mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 10,400kg8. Mass, working unit: 500kg9. Mass, total: 10,900kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks11. Ground pressure, max weight: 0.4kg/cm2


c. Working performance13. Number of cutting tools: 4014. Gap between tools: 6 lines on the circumference15. Rotation speed: 2,500rpm16. Working depth max.: Not given17. Working speed: Not given18. Control of working depth: Manual19. Machines in use: 220. Other types: Bigger and more powerful model is available as well21. Location of use: Cambodia22. Total area cleared so far: Not given

d. System specifications23. Engine: Komatsu 4D9524. Fuel capacity: 130l25. Fuel consumption: 6l per hour26. Separate engine for tilling unit: No27. Transition: Not given28. Cooling system engine: Water cooled29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 57l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes31. Operator comfort: Not given32. Armour: See general description33. Remote control: No



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a. Dimensional data1. Total length: 9,880mm 3,500mm2. Maximum reach radius: 9,000mm —3. Width total: 3,380mm 1,800mm4. Working width: 1,220mm 1,600mm (flail)5. Height, minimum: 3,070mm 1,500mm6. Height, overall: As per boom position 1,700mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 32,000kg 3,500kg8. Mass, working tool: 1,820kg 400kg (flail)9. Mass, total: 34,000kg 3,900kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Tracks Steel fabricated tracks11. Ground pressure, max weight: Not given Approx. 1kg/cm2

12. Hill climbing ability: 35° 30°

c. Working performance13. Number of cutting tools: 23 cutter bits Flail(40 chains) or mulcher (44

chisels) Length of chains: 500mmDiameter of mulcher: 350mm

14. Gap between drums/chisels/chains: Overlapping bits Overlap

15. Rotation speed: 1,900-2,300rpm 500rpm (flail and mulcher)16. Working depth, max.: Up to 200mm Flail: -50mm to +50mm

Mulcher: +20mm17. Working speed:

• light soil/ small vegetation: 2,000m2/ha)

• medium soil/medium vegetation: 1,500m2/ha)

• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 600m2/ha)

• in thick underbrush and bamboo: 4-8m²/mina)

18. Control of working depth: Manual Flail: adjustable, mulcher: manual

19. Machines in use: 1 120. Other types: Not given D-2 (second generation)21. Location of use: Thailand Sri Lanka22. Total area cleared so far: Not given Not given

d. System specifications23. Engine: Cummins GT830 (CASE 9040B) Kubota 5-cylinder diesel engine,

2,7l, 46kw (d-2: 51kw)24. Fuel capacity: 310l 50l25. Fuel consumption: Not given 10l26. Separate engine for tilling unit: No No27. Transition: — —28. Cooling system engine: 35l Water cooled29. Hydraulic oil capacity: 216l 120l

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Not given —31. Operator comfort: Not given Remote control, with operator

protection shield

32. Armour: Not given 10mm hardened steel33. Remote control: No Yes

• greatest distance: More than 300m

f. Costs34. Cost of system: Not given CHF165,000 (Digger D-2)35. Other costs: Not given

• spare parts set: CHF20,000 (for flail and vehicle)• repair costs for one year: Included in spare parts set

36. Transport limitation: Max. speed on tracks 5km/h. 20ft container with workshop insideNormally on trailer

37. Availability for hire: Not given Yes, with Digger-2 staff,transportation and logistic incl.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSISBDM 48 Digger D-1

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Komatsu PC 60Hydrema 1220 and R1820

6,610mm/8,340mm 6,320m1,000mm 6,705mm2,486 mm/2,880mm 2,605mmNot given 1,000 mmNot given 2,890 mm3,920mm/2,959mm (in transportation mode) 6,715mm18,000-20,000kg 10,400kg392kg (for bush cutter head) 500kgMax. 13,500kg 10,900kg

4 wheels 8 x 9 – 20 EM (with twin tyres 4 x 600/40 Tracks0.32-0.57kg/cm2 0.4kg/cm2

Not given 15°

Not given 40

Not given 6 lines on the circumferenceNot given 2,500rpm5,700 mm/6,600mm (max digging depth). Not given

Not given Not given

Not given Manual

1/4 2Not given Bigger and more powerful model is available as wellAngola, Balkans CambodiaNot given Not given

Perkins 1004 – 40 T turbo-diesel engine, 4-cylinder, Komatsu 4D95 ,4l, with 75kw/ turbocharged intercooler, 91kw250l 130lNot given 6l per hourNot given NoNot given Not givenWater cooled Water cooled180l 57l

Optional YesComfort drivers seat damped against shock Not givenwave from mine explosions, vibration damped cab,heating system, other equipment is availableas an optionDIN 52290-2/DIN 52290-2 class C5 See general descriptionNot given No

Not given Not givenNot given Not given

For long distances transportation on a low-bed For long distances transportation on a low-bedtrailer is required trailer is requiredNot given Not given

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Section 6

Sifter

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Armtrac SifterArmtrac Ltd., United Kingdom

General descriptionThe Armtrac Sifter is designed for towing behind the Armtrac 100 or other prime movers.The Armtrac Sifter employs a hydraulically-driven separation system with a low-voltage, high-power magnet to remove metallic objects. The separator has a hydraulic drawbar, fully adjustableto fit on to the Armtrac 100 or other vehicles.Multi-shares or a single share can be selected to suit different soil conditions. Plough boards areattached to the outer sides to save 60cm in order to limit the sifter transport width.

Working methodologyThe hydraulic system has various adjustments for the rotating components to achieve separationin all conditions. Independent pressure relief valves for the star unit and web section prevent stresson the drive-line if the machine is overloaded or becomes jammed.A combination of steel spiral roller and 5 x 25-40mm-pitch polyurethane star wheels ensure highoutput whilst maintaining separation. The operating angle of the long separation web can bealtered to improve separation and compensate for uneven ground conditions without affectingoperating depth or share angle. An upper scrub web improves separation and breaks up clods.Both the web speed and scrubber web pressure pads are hydraulically adjustable.Wheel track has automatic, self-centering, hydraulically-steered wheels and a steering lock, whichenables easy in-file operation.The speed of the hydraulically-driven 550mm wide cross conveyor is variable to match fieldconditions. The side traverse ram enables the conveyor to deliver debris and mines into a row forinspection. The system folds hydraulically for transport.

Machines in use to dateOne machine in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Engine, fuel and oilNo information provided.

Factory supportNo information provided.

Armtrac Sift & Separation System towed behind an Armtrac 100

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LimitationsNo information provided.

StrengthsNo information provided.

Maintenance and supportNo information provided.

Tests and evaluations Not yet tested.

Armtrac sifter in operation

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HEC Hendric Ehlers Consult (MgM Mine Clearance NGO - R&D), Namibia

HEC Rotar Mk-I

MgM Rotar Mk-I sifting suspect soil

General descriptionThe MgM Rotar Mk-I is a commercial, off-the-shelf attachment for construction equipment usedprimarily to separate different sizes of rubble from construction sites. Worldwide, a total of morethan eight-hundred Rotar systems are in operation. There are nine different models for wheelloaders and five models for excavators. The models are named according to their soil capacity,ranging from 350-6,000l. The model chosen by MgM is HPL 1500S with special fittings andcustomised armour. The Rotar is a cylindrical grid encased by an opening/closing bucket. Tenteeth at the front of the bucket allow for penetration into hard ground. It is possible to lock or openthe upper part of the bucket hydraulically.The grid spacing has been modified to 4.5cm x 4.5cm (smaller than the R2M2, a small South Africananti-personnel mine). For sandy conditions, a solid plate covers approximately one-third of thebucket to prevent the sifting process from beginning during movement from the suspect area to theinspection area. The modified/armoured MgM Rotar is attached to an armoured CAT 916, wheeledfront-end loader.After more than three years of operations with MgM Angola, MgM claims that the Rotar System isable to process approximately 0.3 cubic metres of sandy soil in three to five minutes.Armour is attached between the machine and the Rotar. MgM initially employed the machine todismantle power pylon berms in northern Namibia. The MgM Rotar does not operate independently.Other mechanical assets, such as an armoured tipper truck or a machine with similar capabilities,must support it.The operator’s cab and other vital areas of the vehicle are fully protected with 6mm-armour plateand bullet-/fragmentation-proof windows. The machine operates in anti-personnel mine fieldsonly. Due to the armouring and sealing of the operator’s cab, an air-conditioner is fitted. The cab isequipped with HF, VHF and HF PGS radio equipment.The MgM Rotar can be separated at the same points as a standard bucket attachment so that otherworking modules can be fitted.The MgM Rotar system is able to move between locations but for journeys of over 50km a flatbedtruck or low-loader should be used.HEC Rotar Mk1 was a joint project with the U.S. Department of Defence, NVESD, HumanitarianDemining Program, Fort Belvoir.

Working methodologyOnce the Rotar bucket is filled with soil, the operator raises it and closes the top lid onto the fullbucket. The lower section of the bucket is lined with 2mm metal plate while the upper section

The Rotar sifting dry soil

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StrengthsMost of the tools and the vehicle are producedcommercially.The Rotar performed well against detonation ofanti-personnel mines within the bucket.

LimitationsSystem is relatively time-consuming.The machine showed a tendency to push thesoil to the sides, creating berms that can containmines.

1. According to the manufacturer.2. G. T. R. Pritchard, EOD & Mines Consultant, Coral Stand Consultants.3. Håvard Bach, Head of Operational Methods Section, GICHD.4. Hans Hashagen, Price Waterhouse Coopers.

features a steel grid sieve. During this part of the process, locks on either side of the bucket preventit from rotating. The vehicle moves to a clear site and releases the locks to rotate the Rotar while itsjaw remains closed. As the bucket drops, the spoil within it passes through the grid, pieces smallerthan 4.5cm x 4.5cm sifting through it, larger pieces remaining within the Rotar. The remainingdebris is released into the back of a tipper truck (armoured). The spoil is examined as it falls by ademiner positioned in an observation tower on the roof of the tipper truck (in Namibia MgM use anarmoured Samil 100 tipper). When the observer sees an item requiring further investigation, heorders the operator to stop tipping. The observer exits the tower through the cab and steps out ontothe metal walkway attached to the side of the truck. The suspect item is examined from the walkwayby the deminer, dressed in individual protective equipment (visor, body armour). If a mine or UXOis found in the bed of the tipper, EOD-trained personnel are notified. If it is determined that asuspect item is safe to handle, it is removed manually to a demolition pit/site. If the suspect item isdeemed unstable, then it is carried in the Rotar to a demolition site where it is safely deposited forlater destruction.In Namibia, a commander in an armoured Wolf vehicle, equipped with radio and surveillancecamera usually supervises the Rotar.

Machines in use to dateOne machine in Namibia.

Engine, fuel and oilNo information provided by MgM.

Factory supportThe ROTAR System proved relatively simple to operate with an experienced crew withminimum maintenance to sustain operations.1

Any major repairs or spares requirements should be available through Caterpillar’s worldwidefield support facilities.1

No further information provided

Maintenance and support·No information provided by MgM.

Tests and EvaluationsThe Rotar Mk-I was tested by MgM’s own development organisation in Namibia in August-September 1999. The following statements by observers were given:

“At the end of the clearance by the Rotar, the actual area that had been processed equated to approximately250 to 300m2 against the original mined area of 50m2.”2

“The machine cleared 99 out of 100 mines in four hours and 16 minutes. This time spent for theclearance of 50 square metres is far from satisfactory. The problem of berm creation is the greatestobstacle to effective use of the machine.”3

“RT03 determined minimal damage to the rotar drum after the blast of a J69 mine. We have inspectedthe inside of the drum and found the damage to be limited to dents in the drum caused by shrapnel.”4

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Technical data sheet Armtrac Sifter


a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 6,700mm2. Length total: 1,2000mm3. Width without attachment: 2,100mm4. Width total: 2,100mm5. Working width: 2,100mm6. Height, overall: 2,500mm7. Mass: 3,600kg

b. Driving specifications8. Hill climbing ability: 45°

c. Working performance9. Gab between webs: 10mm10. Rotation speed (web): 350rpm11. Working depth, max: 400mm12. Working speeda)

• light soil/small vegetation: 1,600m2/h• medium soil/medium vegetation: 1,200m2/h• heavy soil/dense vegetation: 1,000m2/h

13. Machines in use: 114. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina15. Total area cleared so far: 150,000m2

d. System specifications16. Power: Armtrac/ prime mover PTO17. Fuel capacity: Not given18. Fuel consumption: Not given19. Separate engine for sifting unit: No20. Transition: Not given21. Cooling system engine: Not given22. Oil capacity: Not given23. Hydraulic oil capacity: Not given

e. Comfort and security16. Armour: 6mm plates17. Remote control: No

f. Costs18. Cost of system: £52,00019. Other costs: £3,200 (training)20. Transport limitation: Towed or low-loader21. Availability for hire: Yes

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Technical data sheet MgM Rotar Mk-I

a) Håvard Bach, Head of Operational Methods Section, GICHD.

a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: Not given2. Length total: 7,380mm3. Width without attachment: Not given4. Width total: 2,904mm5. Working width: 2,224mm (drum width)6. Height, overall: 3,400mm7. Weight, basic vehicle: 7,900kg8. Weight, attachments: 1,700kg (without screen/hinge plate)9. Weight, total: 9,600kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: 4 wheels11. Ground pressure, max weight: Not given12. Hill climbing ability: Not given

c. Working performance13. Capacity of the Rotar: 1,500l14. Rotation speed: variable15. Working depth, max.: Not given16. Working speed:

• light soil/ small vegetation: Approx. 20m2/ha)

• medium soil/medium vegetation: Not given• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: Not given

17. Machines in use: 118. Other types: Rotar-II (smaller machine, listed as multi-tool)19. Location of use: Namibia20. Total area cleared so far: Not given

d. System specifications21. Engine: Not given22. Fuel capacity: Not given23. Fuel consumption: Not given24. Separate engine for sifting unit: No25. Transition: Not given26. Cooling system engine: Not given27. Oil capacity: Not given28. Hydraulic oil capacity: Not given

e. Comfort and security29. Air conditioning: Yes30. Operator comfort: HF, VHF and HF PGS radio communication equipment31. Armour: 6mm plates32. Remote control: No

f. Costs33. Cost of system: €192,50034. Other costs: Not given35. Transport limitation: For long distances a low-bed trailer is required36. Availability for hire: Not yet. Inquire with HEC if interested.

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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 6,700mm Not given2. Length total: 1,2000mm 7,380mm3. Width without attachment: 2,100mm Not given4. Width total: 2,100mm 2,904mm5. Working width: 2,100mm 2,224mm (drum width)6. Height, overall: 2,500mm 3,400mm7. Weight, basic vehicle: 7,900kg8. Weight, attachments: 1,700kg (without screen/hinge

plate)9. Weight, total: 3,600kg 9,600kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: 4 wheels11. Ground pressure, max weight: Not given12. Hill climbing ability: 45°

c. Working performance13. Gap between webs: 10mm14. Capacity of the Rotar: 1500l15. Rotation speed : (web) 350rpm variable16. Working depth, max: 400mm Not given17. Working speeda)

• light soil/ small vegetation: 1,600m2/h Approx. 20m2/hb)

• medium soil/medium vegetation: 1,200m2/h Not given• heavy soil/ dense vegetation: 1,000m2/h Not given

18. Machines in use: 1 119. Other types Rotar-II (smaller machine, listed as

multi-tool)20. Location of use: Bosnia and Herzegovina Namibia21. Total area cleared so far: 150,000m2

d. System specifications22. Power: Armtrac/ prime mover PTO Not given23. Fuel capacity: Not given Not given24. Fuel consumption: Not given Not given25. Separate engine for sifting unit: No No26. Transition: Not given Not given27. Cooling system engine: Not given Not given28. Oil capacity: Not given Not given29. Hydraulic oil capacity: Not given Not given

e. Comfort and security30. Air conditioning: Yes31. Operator comfort: HF, VHF and HF PGS radio

communication equipment32. Armour: 6mm plates 6mm plates33. Remote control: No No

f. Costs34. Cost of system: £52,000 €192,50019. Other costs: £3,200 (training) Not given20. Transport limitation: Towed or low-loader For long distances a low-

bed trailer is required21. Availability for hire: Yes Not yet. Inquire with HEC if

interested.

Armtrac Sifter MgM Rotar Mk-I


a) According to the manufacturer.b) Håvard Bach, Head of Operational Methods Section, GICHD.

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Technical Solutions Group, Inc , U.S.

Buffalo

General descriptionThe Buffalo is a mine and ballistic protected 6x6, diesel-powered vehicle, which can be fitted withsteel wheels and a towed disc roller. The vehicle is also fitted with an articulated arm for attachinga variety of demining tools, such as a ripper, fork, and a disc roller. Other demining tools, such asa vegetation cutter can be added as well as various detector systems.The Buffalo offers protectionagainst 45lbs explosive weight under the wheels and protection under the centre line of the chassisagainst up to 30lbs explosive weight. Ballistic protection against up to 7.62mm NATO rounds isassured.Buffalo is also available as a control vehicle for remotely controlled detection equipment and as amine clearance system (U.S. Army).The Buffalo uses a commercially available drive-train and components to ensure worldwide logisticsand maintenance simplicity. Parts are covered by the original manufacturer’s warranties.

Working methodologySteel wheels are used in order to attempt to detonate live anti-personnel mines, including boundingmines.A towed disc-roller is used where stones or other solid objects in the ground might provide a shieldto targeted ordnance. The disc rollers are designed to defeat obstacles.

Machines in useThe Humanitarian Demining Department at Ft. Belvoir is due to deploy to Southeast Asia onoperations with Buffalo.The U.S. Army plans to deploy two Buffalos fitted with steel wheels and towed disc rollers toAfghanistan.The U.S. Army possesses 12 Buffaloes in the mine-protected clearance role.

Engine, fuel, and oilCurrently, Mack E-Tech Engines, but due to convert to Caterpillar C-12 Diesel engines.Standard hydraulic fluid and oils.Approximately 10-15mpg, depending on terrain.

Factory supportTSG trains operators and mechanics.Training is part of purchase package. Instructional manuals are available in English.

Buffalo in operation

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Manuals are part of te purchase package.TSG warranty for armour is two years. Factory back-up on all other components.TSG has extensive experience in demining and provides advice on how the equipment can bebest used in various terrains.

Maintenance and supportDiesel mechanic, no other additional skills are required.Recommended operators: two people in addition to mechanic.Required workshop facilities: standard mechanic’s tool-kit, computer loaded software to dealwith faults, welding equipment.

Test and evaluationBuffalo has been tested by the US Army as well as the Humanitarian Demining Department atFt. Belvoir.The Buffalo’s predecessor, Minekiller, has been used operationally since 1997. Basic conceptsin use since 1991.


LimitationsNot suitable for marshy ground conditions.

StrengthsVersatility.Good mine blast protection.High mobility.The vehicle is transportable by sea and C-17equivalent air transportation.The vehicle is roadworthy on paved surfaceswith tyres fitted.

Buffalo with steel wheels and roller systems

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Casspir RG-31 M Alvis OMC, South Africa

General descriptionCasspir is part of a series of mine-protected vehicles adapted for military, peacekeeping andhumanitarian operations. The monocoque hull is constructed from high grade alloy and armour-plated steel. The hull has been proven against anti-tank mine blasts and some types of high velocityprojectile.For the demining role, Casspir can exchange rubber road wheels for special steel wheels. The steelwheels are specifically designed to withstand detonation of most types of anti-personnel mines,but are not adequate protection against anti-tank mines. Tests have shown the steel wheels to beunaffected by anti-personnel mine blasts.1 The steel wheels are attachable to Casspir and TapirMPVs.Casspir can be employed in multiple roles, e.g. personnel carrier, ambulance, utility freight carrier,tanker and recovery vehicle.The vehicle crew is protected against up to three stacked anti-tank mines under any wheel and twounder the hull.1 The operational effectiveness of the vehicle may however be compromised. Ballisticprotection up to 7.62mm rounds, as well as shrapnel,1 is achieved.Casspir main components are commercially available. Specialist mechanics are not required. Thevehicle requires little technical support and is usually field repairable after a mine detonationincident.Powered by a TATA driveline, the Casspir MK 2C (I) is the latest in the manufacturer’s range andprovides excellent on/off road mobility as well as ease of maintenance, with a proven TATA driveline.RG-31M: Derived from the successful RG-31, the RG-31M features a military wiring harness, centraltyre inflation and several other new features. It is a 4x4 mine-protected armoured vehicle with acrew of five and a weight of 8,400kg. The all-steel, welded armour, monocoque hull protects thecrew against small arms fire and anti-tank mine detonations. According to the manufacturer thevehicle is blast resistant against the detonation of a double TM57anti-tank mine (the equivalent of14kg of TNT) under any wheel, or a single TM57 under the hull.The RG-31M has been designed to fulfil a wide spectrum of applications including humanitariandemining.

SpecificationsCasspir can be employed in multiple roles, e.g. personnel carrier, ambulance, utility freightcarrier, tanker and recovery vehicle.

Casspir Mine-Protected Vehicle

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Although the vehicle would be damaged, the crew is protected against up to three stacked ATmines (up to 21kg TNT).1 Effective ballistic protection up to 7.62mm, as well as shrapnel.2

Casspir can be equipped with VAMIDS.VAMIDS can detect zones of ground of 2-6m in diameter. Paint spray nozzles mark mines orUXO (or areas of interest) while moving up to 10km/h. The detection heads can be mounted ateither side or at the rear of Casspir. Casspir is suited to area survey, route survey, area reductionand Quality Assurance (QA).The Casspir has been modified to accommodate the VAMIDS system. The vehicle dimensionsand weight differ from the original specification.VAMIDS performs good scanning at the relatively high speed of 10km/h.1

The diagram below shows detection data collected at U.S. Army Fort AP Hill, Virginia, usinga two metre flexible array at approx. 1m/sec.

Technical data for VAMIDS system:One-Meter Flexible Array Segment

Effective detection width: 1,000mm (39.40")Dimensions: 1,168mm (45.60") wide, 613mm (24.10") deepWeight: 27kg (59lbs)Number of detection heads: 8Bend angle per detection head: +/- 2°Bend angle per segment: +/- 14°Operational temperature range: -40°C to +85°CStorage temperature range: -55°C to +85°C

The given weights and dimensions include the VAMIDS frame. For wider array of detector headsadd 1,000mm (39.40") in width and 27kg (59lbs) for each additional metre of segmented detectorhead.

Detection performance

RG-31 M

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Machines in use to dateMechem has 8 Casspir/Tapir vehicles fitted with steel wheels between Croatia andMozambique.More than 10 million square metres of ground covered by steel-wheeled Casspir. Over 10years, more than 10,000 anti-personnel mines have been detonated by steel wheels withoutcrew injury.1

Mechem have employed one Casspir and one Tapir equipped with VAMIDS in Mozambiqueas well as trials in South Africa since 1997.NPA is using the Casspir with steel wheels in Angola.

Engine, fuel and oilCasspir is equipped with a six-cylinder in-line 124kw turbocharged diesel engine with 124kw.The engine has a pressurised liquid cooling system.The auxiliary engine for the VAMIDS detection system requires diesel.The fuel capacity for the vehicle is 220l.

Factory supportFor the VAMIDS system:

Mechem can supply all spare parts. Many parts are available on international commercialmarket.Main spares for pneumatics by the international firm Festo.Technical and operator training manuals are included in purchase price.Manuals are available in English.One year warranty on complete VAMIDS system.The system with complete crew can be hired from Mechem.

Steel wheels:Mechem can supply new or reconditioned steel wheels on order. Delivery period of 6-8 weeksfrom date of order.

The manufacturer has not provided further information.

Maintenance and supportCasspir vehicle:

Main components are robust and commercially available. Time and money saved.Specialist mechanics not required.The vehicle is usually field-repairable after a mine detonation incident.

VAMIDS:The VAMIDS system requires an operator familiar with Windows 95/98 or 2000. Basicknowledge of computer and software diagnostics, installing drives and software, WindowsExplorer and e-mail. Basic knowledge of electronics and pneumatics.Basic hydraulic knowledge required for the system.

Steel wheels:Minor maintenance required.Simple to replace.

Tests and evaluationsVAMIDS:

Mechem carried out significant evaluations of the system over a four-year period and assess itas a highly useful tool.Test reports of the system available from Mechem on request.

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LimitationsSteel wheels:

Very heavy system requiring special equipmentto fit to the vehicle. Requires specialarrangements for transportation.Maximum speed is 10km/h.Special driver training required. Incorrectdriving techniques could damage the drivetrain of the vehicle.

VAMIDS:Although the system can detect mines withminimum metal content, it becomes impracticalwhen deployed to areas with high occurrenceof metal debris.

StrengthsSteel wheels:

Robust.Good for most terrain.Claimed to detonate more than 80 per cent ofanti-personnel mines in area covered.Requires little technical support.

VAMIDS:The system is useful for QA, area reduction,surveying and detection of mines with highermetal content e.g. PMN, PMD and anti-groupmines.


Early version of Casspir mounting steel wheels

Reported limitations and strengths of the Casspir

Steel wheels:Steel wheels have been used extensively in Mozambique and Croatia.Technical tests have been conducted. Results available from Mechem on request.

The manufacturer has not provided further information.

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Krauss Maffei Wegmann, Germany

DINGO 2

General descriptionThe DINGO is a light mine-proof vehicle based on the renowned Commercial Unimog chassis byDaimlerChrysler.The Dingo has excellent mobility in varied terrain. Support services are provided byDaimlerChrysler’s worldwide service network, with an inexpensive spare parts package.The specially designed hull is proven to withstand the blast effects of anti-tank mines.

SpecificationsDINGO 2 can be employed in multiple roles, e.g. personnel carrier, reconnaissance vehicle forEOD or demining staff, or ambulance.The crew is protected against anti-tank mines up to 7kg of TNT and common types of anti-personnel mine.Effective ballistic protection up to 7.62x54 anti-personnel rounds (Dragunov).A wide range of optional features are available.

Vehicles in use todayToday, 170 Dingo 1’s are in service with the Bundeswehr (German Army). The vehicles areoperational with German forces in Afghanistan, Kosovo and Macedonia.

Engine, fuel and oilCOTS Daimler-Chrysler Unimog chassis.Engine: 170 kw DC engine (EURO 3 Standard).Semi-automatic gearbox.Range 1,000km.220l fuel capacity.

Factory supportThe DINGO 2 is supported by the company’s worldwide support and maintenance network. Spareparts are available worldwide through the DaimlerChrysler sales network.

Maintenance supportMain components are of rugged design and commercially available through the worldwideservicing network.KMW is contracted for maintenance in several conflict and post-conflict areas around theworld.

DINGO2 All Protected Carrier Vehicle

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Lack of independent test reports. No information can be provided.

Test and evaluationBefore procurement, the German Army tested the DINGO 1 extensively. The vehicle has provenoperational effectiveness from several missions worldwide.Independent test reports are not available.

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General descriptionThe POOKIE 2000 Land Mine Detection Vehicle (LMDV) is the latest generation development ofthe mine detection unit that saw operations in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in the 1970s and 1980s.More than 75 working units have been in operation and have successfully located in excess of 550mines of various types.This light-armoured, two-seater vehicle was initially designed to clear mined roads during theheight of the Rhodesian counterinsurgency. It has now been improved to detect in open areas andserves well as a quality control system. Other variants of the system are a reconnaissance vehicleand an ambulance.The unit is currently manufactured in South Africa. Negotiations are underway to manufacture thevehicle in Europe.

Working methodologyThe unit’s primary function is as a blast- and fragment-protected detection support platform. Theunit is driven like any normal vehicle. According to the manufacturer, the vehicle can be equippedwith a specially designed detection system that can locate mines while moving at between 5 and 40km/h. Speed of detection depends on the mine type encountered and the terrain of operation.The unit is operated by a crew of two: a driver and an observer for the detection system.A combination of a lightweight body trailing arm, independent suspension and special tyrescontribute to excellent weight proportion. Therefore, the vehicle is able to traverse suspect areaswithout detonating anti-tank or anti-personnel mines. Detecting pans are fitted to the centre of thebody and are able to detect even low-metal-content mines within the path of the vehicle.As a reconnaissance vehicle, experienced observers can locate mines visually in support of thedetection system.The vehicle can be fitted as an ambulance for fast casualty evacuation over difficult terrain.The vehicle can also be fitted with a pre-detonating device to initiate tilt-rod-activated mines, suchas the Yugoslav TMRP6.

Machines presently in useMore than 75 units have been manufactured and deployed for operations. A number of re-engineeredunits are currently in operation in Africa and the Middle East.

POOKIE (original version)

POOKIE 2000 LMVDForce Ware Gmbh., Germany

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DetectionThe vehicle is presently equipped with basic pulse induction metallic detectors developed in SouthAfrica. In the foreseeable future and with the advancements in technology, ground penetratingradar (GPR) will be included in support of a metal detector.The standard detectors fitted are two VALLON VMV4 flat pans fixed to each side of the body,equidistant from the axle sub-assemblies. They sit approximately 300mm above the ground andeach pan can be either 2 or 3 metres in length. They are said to be durable and able to operate indifferent weather and climate conditions. The unit has been designed for the integration of othermulti-sensor systems as they are developed.The search head contains eight detector coils, which carry the signal to a computer. The centralelectronic unit processes the measured signals from the detector coils and provides either an audioor a visual display on a PC and/or printouts.The vehicle and system can be fitted to a Global Positioning System (GPS) for positioning purposes.The client may select the detector to be mounted.

Mechanical dataThe original horizontally aligned, petrol-powered 1600cc Volkswagen engine has been replacedwith a 170 IDI diesel injection 1,686cc engine. The diesel engine improves general performance ofthe detection system, decreasing static interference on the detecting units.

Body configuration: twin cabin mine-proofed, armoured monocoque body hull sitting 700mmabove ground level on a retrofitted Isuzu chassis. With optional armoured glass windscreenand rear view windows.Transmission: 5-speed gearbox, automatic transmission is optionalSuspension: trailing arm Rubrax independent suspension four-wheel drive.Fuel capacity: 40l diesel.Tank is situated above the chassis and to the rear of the cab and engine for safety reasons.

Factory supportOther than the monocoque hull all parts of the unit are commercially available. The manufacturerwill supply running and maintenance spares for two years of operations as part of the purchasepackage. Due to the simple design of the POOKIE, spares are easily available from any companypurchasing motor vehicles.Any damage to the monocoque hull caused by accident or a mine detonation can be repaired in anyfield workshop. Chassis are interchangeable in approximately one hour.Training is part of the purchase package. Operators should ideally have some mechanicalexperience. Operator training lasts one day and can be conducted from any base with access torugged terrain areas. Operators should have a working knowledge of the detection system.Operations may require support from qualified staff with access to workshop facilities.Instruction manuals are in English but can be ordered in an alternate language upon request of thepurchaser. Service and maintenance manuals and documentation are also included in the purchasepackage.

Maintenance and supportVehicle maintenance is routine, however the detection system requires special maintenance facilitieswith trained staff.

Test and evaluationThe POOKIE has been tested in difficult operational conditions in Africa. The original vehicleshave been extensively used in operations for more than five years, completing well over one millionkilometres of road clearance.The monocoque hull was field blast-tested using different types of anti-tank mines and withstoodmultiple detonations. It is unlikely that there would be injuries to the driver and observer if they areproperly secured with seat belts. Blast overpressure can be countered by the use of special helmets.

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Mine blasts occurring during operations were few and were a result of remote command-initiatedmines. There are no known casualties as a result of these blasts.No impartial or independent test results are available.

LimitationsNot suitable for heavy terrain conditions.

StrengthsRugged and simple design.High level of crew protection.Easily transported.


POOKIE 2000 MRRV

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Windhoeker Maschinenfabrik Pty Ltd (WMF), Namibia

Wer'wolf MkII MPV

General descriptionThe Wer’wolf MkII Modular Mine and Ballistic Protected Vehicle (MPV) is the product ofcollaboration between Military International Ltd. (MIL) of Canada and WindhoekerMaschinenfabrik (1998) Pty Ltd (WMF) of Namibia. The first WMF Mine Protected Vehicle (MPV)was produced in 1977.All WMF vehicles are based on commercially available MAN (Germany) automotive components.MAN is a manufacturer with worldwide logistic support. The Wer’wolf MKII is in full seriesproduction, currently in service with the Namibian Defence Force.Wer’wolf comprises a full running chassis fitted with mine-protected belly armour and a ballisticdouble-cab at the front. The rear of the vehicle is a flatbed configuration, twist-locked onto theforward cab, enabling different rear modules to be fitted within minutes depending on the task.Nine modules are available to facilitate different roles, including recovery, ambulance, commandand mobile workshop. The vehicle is suitable for mounting mobile detection equipment. The automatic transmissionversion can be converted to remote control operation.

SpecificationsWer’wolf features a six-speed manual transmission providing six synchronised forward gearsand 1 reverse gear. Automatic shift transmission is available and can be fitted to the vehicle withoutmodification.The driver can select tractive effort through 4 pneumatically activated switches. In addition topermanent 4 X 4 drive, the operator can select front and rear differential locks independently.Transfer case lock-up for high/low range selection as well as a 50:50 tractive effort split in 4-wheeldrive mode. Power steering is standard.Top speed is 125 km/h with a cruising speed of 90 km/h on paved roads. Operating range is 960km on a full tank. Wer’wolf can be driven up gradients of 70% and for its size, has a tight turningcircle of 16m.1

The vehicle is of monocoque design, offering all-round protection against the most common ballrounds from as close as 10m. The Wer’wolf hull provides ballistic protection against mortar andartillery fragments.Wer’wolf protects against triple anti-tank mine blasts (21 kg TNT) under any wheel and doubleanti-tank mine blasts (14 kg TNT) under the hull.The vehicle protects against IED detonations of 14 kg of TNT, with a stand-off distance of 3m fromeither side.

The Wer’wolf MkII Modular Mine ProtectedVehicle personnel carrier

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StrengthsBased on widely-available MAN commercialautomotive parts.Reliable defence against mine blasts.

LimitationsHeavy due to extensive protection.


Due to the axle design and spare axle capacity, the vehicle can be fitted with an add-on belly plateto provide protection against explosive formed projectile mines (e.g. TMRP-6).

Machines in use to date72 units have been built to date.2 vehicles are in service with the German NGO Menschen gegen Minen (MgM).

Engine, fuel and oilWer’wolf MKII is powered by a MAN straight six, turbo-charged diesel engine fitted with anintercooler. The engine develops 224hp and 825Nm of torque, which translates into a power toweight ratio of 23hp/t.

Factory supportWer’wolf is based on a standard, commercial MAN vehicle.12-month vehicle warranty with unlimited mileage from MAN.Spare parts logistical support through MAN international dealership (not through WMF).

Maintenance and supportAccess to the engine compartment is through a swing-open front grill for convenient enginechecks. Engine and transmission pull out on a rail-mounted sledge for easy maintenanceaccess. Engine replacement is fast and efficient.Air pressure point provided inside the engine compartment linked to the vehicle’s air pressuresystem for checking and adjusting tyre pressures and cleaning air filters.

Tests and evaluationsThe Wer’wolf MkII has undergone blast and ballistic tests by the manufacturer in Namibia.Test results are available from MIL Canada and the GICHD.

Wer’wolf after detonation of 14kg of TNT under the front axle Wer’wolf MkII personal carrier

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Technical data sheet Buffalo

a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 8,200mm (323 inches)2. Length, total: 10,896mm (429 inches)3. Width without attachment: 2,470mm (97 inches)4. Width, total: 2,470mm (97 inches)5. Clearing/working width: 900mm6. Height, overall: 2,850mm (117 inches)7. Mass, basic vehicle: 17,272kg (38,000lbs)8. Mass, detachable units: Steel wheels: 545kg (1,200lbs) each; towed disc roller:

1,636kg (3,600lbs)9. Mass, overall: 48,800lbs

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/ tracks: Steel wheels with cleats to fulfill traction and vegetation

cutting11. Ground pressure, max weight: 3.07kg/cm2

12. Hill climbing ability: 20%

c. Clearance performance13. Working speed

• light soil/medium vegetation: 3 to 5mph• medium soil/medium vegetation: 3 to 5mph• heavy soil/dense vegetation: 1 to 2mph

14. Control of clearance/working depth: Function of pressure on initiation system

c. System specifications15. Engine: Caterpillar C-1216. Fuel capacity: 110 US gallons17. Fuel consumption: 10-15mpg18. Cooling system engine: Standard19. Oil capacity: 10 US gallons20. Hydraulic oil capacity: 16.54 US gallons21. Machines in use: 2 in Afghanistan (as of Dec. 2003), U.S. Army; 1 in Far East,

U.S. Humanitarian Demining Programme (exact locationunknown as of Dec. 2003)

22. Other types: Minekiller and Casspir use the same system

d. Comfort and security23. Air conditioning: 2 heavy duty air conditioners24. Operator comfort: Ergonomically designed capsule, seating, etc.25. Armour: Mine protection: 45lbs TNT on any wheel. 30lbs TNT

centerline. Ballistic protection: 7.62x51mm NATO roundGlass: 7.62x51 AP multi-hit

e. Costs26. Cost of system: Base cost: U.S.$500,000; steel wheels: U.S.$16,675; disc rollers:

U.S.$10,30427. Other costs:

• training: On site: U.S.$15,000 for 10 days• spare part set chains/belts Not required for chains, etc. Set of 2 spare steel wheels:

U.S.$5,558; set of spare discs: U.S.$4,122; vehicle spares /airfilters, etc.: U.S.$5,000

• repair costs for one year: US$15,000 to 20,000, which includes the above spare28. Transportation: By sea, by air: C-17 or equivalent; by road: on normal

road wheels29. Availability for hire: Yes, long-term

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Technical data sheet Casspir as standard personal carrier


a. Dimensional data1. Length total: 6,900mm2. Width total: 2,450mm3. Height, overall: 2,850mm4. Weight, basic vehicle: Not given5. Payload: Not given6. Gross vehicle mass: 10,800kg

b. Driving specifications7. Wheels/ tracks: 4 wheels 1,400x208. Ground pressure, max weight: Not given9. Hill climbing ability: Up to 60%a)

10. Maximal speed: 98 km/h11. Turning circle diameter: 18,360mm

c. System specifications12. Engine: Six-cylinder in-line 124kw turbocharged diesel engine13. Fuel capacity: 220l14. Fuel consumption: 25l/h15. Tracking: 4x416. Cooling system engine: Pressurised liquid cooling17. Oil capacity: Not given18. Hydraulic oil capacity: Not given19. Vehicles in use: 1 (with VAMIDS), 8 Casspir/Tapir with steel wheels20. Location of use: Croatia, Mozambique

d. Comfort and security21. Air conditioning: Only dual expeller fans22. Operator comfort: Not given23. Armour: Not given24. Remote control: Not given

e. Costs25. Cost of system: Not given26. Other costs: Not given27. Availability for hire: Not given

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Technical data sheet RG-31M

a. Dimensional data1. Length total: 5,740mm2. Width total: 2,200mm3. Height, overall: 2,565mm4. Weight, basic vehicle: 7,500kg5. Payload: Not given6. Ground clearance: 353mm

b. Driving specifications7. Wheels/ tracks: 335/80R20 with RFI8. Ground pressure, max weight: Not given9. Hill climbing ability: 60%10. Maximal speed: 120km/h11. Turning circle diameter: 18m

c. System specifications12. Engine: VM motorisation HR 694 Hi3, 6 in line, 4,164ccm, 128kw13. Fuel capacity: 148l14. Fuel consumption: Not given15. Tracking: Not given16. Cooling system engine: Not given17. Oil capacity: Not given18. Hydraulic oil capacity: Not given19. Vehicles in use: Not given20. Location of use Not given

d. Comfort and security21. Air conditioning: Yes22. Operator comfort: Left or right hand, fun-flat inserts23. Armour: As described24. Remote control: No


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a. Dimensional data1. Length total: 6,100mm2. Width total: 2,300mm3. Height, roof: 2,350mm4. Mass, basic vehicle: 9,200kg5. Crew: 8 passengers6. Gross vehicle mass: 11,900kg

b. Driving specifications7. Wheels/tracks: Permanent four-wheel drive8. Fording capacity: 1,200mm9. Hill climbing ability: 33o/14o

10. Maximal speed: approx. 100km/h

c. System specifications11. Engine: DC 170kw, 4,800ccm12. Fuel capacity: 220l13. Range: 1,000km14. Location of use: Afghanistan, Kosovo, former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia

d. Comfort and security15. Air conditioning: Yes16. Operator comfort: N/A17. Armour: AT mines, 7.62x54 AP18. Remote control: N/A

e. Costs19. Cost of system: Not given20. Other costs: Not given21. Transportation: Air transport C-160, C-13022. Availability for hire: Not given

Technical data sheet Dingo 2 long wheelbase

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Technical data sheet Pookie 2000 LMDV

a. Dimensional data1. Length without pre-detonating attachment: 4,400mm2. Length total: 4,800mm3. Width without detector pans: 2,300mm4. Width total (max. with pans): 6,000mm5. Clearing/working width Depending on pans fitted.

• pans are either 2,000mm: 4,000mm• or 3,000mm: 6,000mm

6. Height, overall: 1,050mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 2,500kg8. Mass detachable unit (2 detection pans): 110kg9. Mass, overall: 2,650kg

b. Driving specifications10. Wheels/tracks: 4 specially engineered wide-rimmed non-treaded tyres

inflated to 0.2bars11. Ground pressure: 5lbs/sq. inch12. Hill climbing ability: 45o slope13. Clearance depth: Metallic detector 50-200mm, GPR: 150mm. Detection

capability/depth depends on the terrain condition, soiltype and mine type.

c. System specifications14. Engine: 170 IDI diesel injection, 1,686cc positioned to rear of driver13. Fuel capacity: 40l class C diesel (can be increased to suit client's

requirements)14. Machines in use: 75 original units have been manufactured in Rhodesia-

Zimbabwe15. Other types: POOKIE 200 is a new millenium upgrade of ther original

unit that successfully operated in Rhodesia-Zimbabwe16. Location of use: Re-engineered Pookies (original) are in operation in

Eritrea, Sudan and Oman.17. Cooling system: Standard radiator water colled18. Oil capacity: 5.5l

d. Comfort and security19. Air conditioning: Optional extra20. Operator comfort: Special ergonomically designed seats to cushion against

a blast. Seat belts standard fitting.21. Armour: Vehicle monocoque hull is armour plated to withstand

triple mine blast to belly22. Remote control: No

e. Costs23. Cost of system: U.S.$160,000 FOB Durban, South Africa, without detector

system. Client to negotiate detector system cost withVallon GmbH

24. Other costs: Not given25. Availability for hire: Not given

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Technical data sheet Wer'wolf MkII

a. Dimensional data1. Length total: 6,360mm2. Width total: 2,500mm3. Height, overall: 2,650mm4. Weight, basic vehicle: 9,860kg5. Payload: 1,500kg6. Gross vehicle mass: 11,360kg7. Ground clearance: 355mm laden, 380mm unladen

b. Driving specifications8. Wheels/ tracks: Four wheels and one spare, Michelin 365/80R209. Ground pressure, max. weight: Not given10. Hill climbing ability: Up to 70% on paved roads)

11. Maximal speed: • 125 km/h on paved roads• 90 km/h on hard, even dirt road

12. Turning circle diameter: 16m

c. System specifications13. Engine: MAN D0826 LF – Euro 2 turbocharged, intercooled diesel

engine with 224hp, 6.87l, six-cylinder in-line14. Fuel capacity: 240l15. Fuel consumption: 25l/h16. Transition: Not given17. Cooling system engine: Water & ethylene glycol mixture 1:118. Oil capacity Not given19. Hydraulic oil capacity: Not given29. Brakes

• service brake: Dual circuit full pneumatic with integral emergency brake• park brake: Pneumatic spring actuated on rear wheels• exhaust brake: Optional

21. Gear box: Six-speed manual – optional automatic transmission,synchronized on all forward gears, six forward and onereverse

• power take off Optional22. Vehicles in use: 7223. Location of use: Namibia

d. Comfort and security24. Air conditioning: Not given25. Operator comfort: Not given26. Armour: Not given27. Remote control: Optional


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a. Dimensional data1. Length without attachment: 8,200mm2. Length, total: 10,896mm PC: 6,360mm; RG: 5,740mm3. Width total: 2,470mm PC: 2,450mm: RG: 2,200mm5. Clearing/working width: 900mm6. Height, overall: 2,850mm PC: 2,850mm; 2,565mm7. Mass, basic vehicle: 17,272kg PC: not given, RG: 7,500kg8. Mass, detachable units: steel wheels: 545kg each, towed

disc roller: 1,636kg9. Payload: — Not given10. Mass, overall: 48,800lbs PC: 10,800kg

b. Clearance performance11. Working speed RG. ground clearance: 353mm

• light soil/med. vegetation: 3 to 5 mph• med. soil/med. vegetation: 3 to 5mph• heavy soil/dense vegetation: 1 to 2mph

12. Control of clearance depth: Function of pressure on initiationsystem

Driving specifications13. Wheels/ tracks: Steel wheels with cleats to fulfill PC: 4 wheels1,400x20; RG: 335/

traction and vegetation cutting 80R20 with RFI14. Ground pressure, max weight: 3.07kg/cm2 Not given15. Hill climbing ability: 20% Up to 60%a)

16. Maximal speed: — PC: 98km/h; RG: 120km/h

17. Turning circle diameter: — PC: 18,360m, RG: 18m

c. System specifications12. Engine: Caterpillar C-12 PC: 6-cyl. in line 124kw turbo-

charged diesel engine;RG: VM motorisation HR 694 Hi3,6 cyl. in line, 4,164ccm, 128kw

13. Fuel capacity: 110 US gallons PC: 240l; RG: 148l14. Fuel consumption: 10-15mpg PC: 25l/h; RG: not given15. Tracking/transition: — PC: 4x4; RG: not given16. Cooling system engine: Standard PC: pressurised liquid cooling;

RG: not given17. Oil capacity: 10 US gallons Not given18. Hydraulic oil capacity: 16.54 US gallons Not given19. Brakes

• service brake:

• park brake:

• exhaust brake:20. Gear box:

• power take off21. Vehicles in use: 2 in Afghanistan, 1 in Far East PC: 1 with VAMIDS, 8 Casspir/

Tapir with steel wheels22. Location of use — PC: Croatia, Mozambique23. Other types: Minekiller and Casspir use the

same system

d. Comfort and security24. Air conditioning: 2 heavy duty air conditioners PC: only dual expeller fans;

RG: yes25. Operator comfort: Ergonomically designed capsule, Not given; RG: left or right hand,

seating, etc. fun-flat inserts

Casspir PC and RG-31MBuffalo

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Wer'Wolf MkIIDingo 2 Pookie 2000 LMDV

4,400mm6,100mm 4,800mm 6,360mm2,300mm 6,000mm 2,500mm

4,000 or 6,000mmRoof: 2,350mm 1,050mm 2,650mm9,200kg 2,500kg 9,860kgCrew: 8 passengers 2 detection pans: 110kg

1,500kg11,900kg 2,650kg 11,360kg

Metallic detector: 50-200mm; Ground clearance: 355mmGPR: 150mm; Detection capa- laden, 380mm unladenbility/depth depends on soilcondition, soil type and mine type

Permanent 4-wheel drive 4 specially engineered wide- Four wheels and one spareFording capacity: 1,200mm rimmed non-treaded tyres Michelin 365/80R20

5lbs/sq. inch Not given33o/14o 45o slope Up to 70o on paved roadsApprox. 100km/h • 125 km/h on paved roads 125km/h on paved roads

90km on hard, even dirt road16m

DC 170kw, 4,800ccm 170IDI diesel injection. 1,686cc MAN D0826 LF – Euro 2 turbo-positioned to rear of driver charged, intercooled diesel

engine with 224hp, 6.87l, six-cylinder in-line

220l 40l class C diesel 240lRange: 1,000km 25l/h 25l/h

Not givenStandard radiator water colled Water & ethylene glycol mixture

1:15.5l Not given

Not given Not given Not given

Dual circuit full pneumatic with integral emergency brakePneumatic spring actuated onrear wheelsOptional6-speed manual- optionalautomatic transmission,synchronized on all forward gears,six forward and one reverseOptional

75 original units have been Approx. 400manufactured in Zimbabwe

Afghanistan, Kosovo, Macedonia Eritrea, Sudan and Oman Namibia

Yes Optional extra Not given

N/A Ergonomically designed seats to Not givencushion against a blast.

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Buffalo Casspir PC and RG-31M


25. Armour: Mine protection: 45lbs TNT on any Not given; RG: as describedwheel; 30lbs TNT centerline;ballistic protection: 7.62x51mmNATO round, glass: 7.62x51 APmulti-hit

e. Costs27. Cost of system: Base cost: U.S.$500,000; steel Not given

wheels: U.S.$16,675; disc rollers:U.S.$10,304

28. Other costs: Not given Not given• training: On site: U.S.$ 15,000 for 10 days• spare part set: Set of 2 spare steel wheels: U.S.$

5,558; set of spare discs: U.S.$4,122,vehicle spares/air filters:, etc.:U.S.$5,000

• repair costs for one year: U.S.$15,000 to 20,000, whichincludes the above spare

20. Transportation: By sea, by air: C-17 or equivalent;by road: on normal road wheels

30. Availability for hire: Yes, long term Not given

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Dingo 2 Pookie 2000 LMDV Wer'Wolf MkII

AT mines, 7.62x54 AP Vehicle monocoque hull is Not givenarmour plated to withstandtriple mine blast to belly

Not given U.S.$160,000 FOB Durban, without Not givendetector system. Client tonegotiate detector systemwith Vallon GmbH


Air transport C-160, C-130 Not given


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Appendixes

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205

List of manufacturers

Aardvark Clear Mine Ltd•Aardvark Mk IV, p. 34Shevock EstateInsch AB52 6XQAberdeenshireUnited Kingdom

Tel: +44 1464 820122Fax: +44 1464 820985E-mail: [email protected]: www. landmineclearance.comContact: David SADLER

Managing Director

Alvis Moelv AS•Viking VMCS, p. 68PO Box 244 N2391 MoelvNorway

Tel: +47 62 35 46 00Direct: +47 62 35 46 32Fax: +47 62 35 46 01E-mail: [email protected]: www.haggmo.noContact: Bjorn Skjervold, Sales Manager

Alvis OMC•Casspir, p. 180•RG-31-M, p. 18012 Barnsley RoadPrivate Bag X049Benoni 1500South AfricaTel.; + 27 (0) 11 747 33 00Fax: +27 (0) 11 845 13 98E-mail: [email protected]

Armtrac Ltd•Armtrac 75 mini flail, p. 8•Armtrac 100, p. 36•Armtrac 325, p. 114•Armtrac Sifter, p. 1705 Tenbell Lane

Appendix A

Soham,Ely CB7 5BJUnited Kingdom

Tel: +44 1638 74 39 79Fax: +44 1638 74 25 78E-mail: [email protected]: www.armtrac.netContact: Stephen Brown

A/S Hydrema Danmark•Hydrema MCV 910, p. 38•Hydrema M1220 Light Armoured and R1820, p. 158G.P. DaugaardGl. Kirkevej 169530 StovringDenmark

Tel: +45 98 37 13 33Fax: +45 98 37 19 96E-mail: [email protected]: www.hydrema.com

Bofors Defence AB•Mine–Guzzler, p. 80691 80 KarlskogaSweden

Tel: +46 586 855 46Fax: +46 586 855 77Website: www.boforsdefence.seContact: Allan CarlssonMobile: +46 73 668 24 00E-mail: [email protected]

Columbia Research Corporation•Mini-Flail, p. 12•Small-Flail, p. 1412310 Panama City Beach ParkwayPanama City Beach, FL 32407U.S.

Tel.: +1 850 234 88 17Fax: +1 850 234 54 60Website: www.columbiaresearch.com

206

Contact: Mr. Ross LindmanVice-President Gulf Coast [email protected] Ray BentzTechnical Director

Corus Northern Engineering Services•Minelifta, p. 64P.O. Box 1Brigg RoadDN16 1BP Scunthorpe, North LincolnshireUnited Kingdom

Website: www.corusgroup.com/MineliftaContact: Graham Ashton

Business Development andProject Services Manager

Tel.: +44 (0) 1724 402 137Fax: +44 (0) 1724 402 193E-mail: [email protected]

Countermine Engineering AB• Oracle, p. 84Oxelgrensvägen 34152 42 SödertäljeSweden

Tel: +46 855 080 855Fax: +46 855 080 860E-mail: [email protected]: www.countermine.com

DEMCO (Pty) Ltd.• DEMCO System, p. 116P.O. Box 188LyndhustSouth Africa 2106

Tel.: +27 1 393 2092+27 1 393 3705/6

Fax: +27 1 976 4508E-mail: [email protected] : www.demcomine.com

Development Tchnology Workshops•Tempest Mk V, p. 132P.O. Box 1244Phnom PenhCambodiaTel.: +855 12 61 58 83Fax: +855 23 43 02 38E-mail: [email protected]: www.worldbrailler.com

www.dtworks.org

Digger DTR•Digger D-1, p. 156Route de Pierre-Pertuis 282710 TavannesSwitzerland

Website: www.digger.chContact: Nathan Kunz

Tel: +41(0) 79 586 52 46Fax: +41 (0) 32 944 21 32E-mail: [email protected]

DOK-ING d.o.o.•MV-4, p. 20Vjekoslav MajeticZitnjak b.b.10 000 ZagrebCroatia

Tel: +385 1 24 81 300/302Fax: +385 1 24 81 303E-mails: [email protected]

[email protected]: www.dok-ing.hr

Duro Dakovic Speciajalna Vozila d.d.Croatia• RM-KA 02, p. 46Dr. Mile Budaka 1HR-35000 Slavonski BrodCroatia

Tel.: +385 35/218219Fax: +385 35/218824E-mail: [email protected]: www.ddsv.hrContact: Mr. Darko Grbac

FFG Flensburger Fahrzeugbau GmbH•Minebreaker 2000/2, p. 82Werftstr. 2424939 FlensburgGermany

Tel: +49 461 4812 176Fax: +49 461 4812 100E-mail: [email protected]: www.ffg-flensburg.de

Force Ware GmbH•Pookie 2000 LMDV, p. 186Im Grund 472800 EningenGermanyTel.: +49 7121 42 03 18Fax: +49 7121 42 03 19E-mail: [email protected]

FURUKAWA Co. Ltd•Hitachi-Furukawa, p. 1206-1 Marunouchi,2-chome,Chiyoda-ku,TokyoJapan

Tel : +81 3212 1836Fax : +81 3212 6557E-mail : [email protected] : www.furukawakk.co.jpContact: A.Kawachi

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Military International Ltd.•Wer’wolf MkII MPV, p. 190Windhoeker Maschinenfabrik (1998) (Pty) Ltd

Contact: Hannes KöglTel.: +264 61 23 50 71Fax: +264 61 23 57 42E-mail: [email protected]

Norwegian Demining Consortium AS -NoDeCo• Compact 140 Minecat, p. 18• Minecat 230, p. 40Fossveien 81742 TistedalNorway

Website: www.nodeco.nuContact: Dag AspliTel: +47 69 19 20 55Fax: +47 69 19 12 10Mobile: +47 92 61 29 45

Patria Vehicles Oy•Patria RA-140 DS, p. 44Autotehtaantie 1P.O. Box 18613101 HämeenlinnaFinland

E-mail: [email protected]: www.patria.fiContact: Pauli RumbinTel: +358 3 6451Fax: +358 3 619 6710E-mail: [email protected]

Pearson Engineering•Pearson Minefield Tractor, p. 124Wincomblee RoadWalkerNewcastle upon Tyne NE6 3QSUnited Kingdom

Tel: +44 191 23 40 001Fax: +44 191 26 20 402E-mail: [email protected]: www.pearson-eng.com

Pro Mac Manufacturing Ltd.•BDM 48 Brusher Deminer, p. 1542940 Jacob RoadDuncan, B.C.Canada V9L 6W4

Toll free: +1 800 665 5405Tel: +1 250 746 5181Fax: +1 250 746 5168E-mail: [email protected]: www.promac.bc.ca

HADI Maschinenbau GmbH•FMR 2000, p. 78Ardaggerstrasse 963300 AmstettenAustria

Tel: +43 74 72 6 27 08Fax: +43 74 72 6 27 08-6E-mail: [email protected]: www.hadi.at

HEC Hendrik Ehlers Consult•HEC MAXX Mine Clearance Multi Tool,p. 118• MgM Rotar Mk-II, p. 122•HEC Rotar Mk-1, p. 172International Office1 Diehl Street, Souther IndustrialP.O. Box 24394WindhoekNamibia

Cell: +264 81 127 7020Fax: 264 61 243 477E-mail: [email protected]

Hontstav S.R.O.• Diana 40T, p. 16Kuzmanyho 22963 01 KrupinaSlovakia

Tel.: +421 451 91 83Fax: +421 451 91 83E-mail: [email protected]: www.hontstav.com

Komatsu Trading, Inc.•Komatsu PC 60 Vegetation Cutter,p. 160Komatsu Bldg.3-6 Akasaka 2-chomeMinato-kuTokyo 107-8414Japan

Tel: +81 35 561 27 86Fax: +81 33 587 29 28Website: www.komatsu.com/kti/

Krauss-Maffei Wegmann•DINGO 2, p. 184Krauss-Maffei Strasse 11D-80997 MunichTel.: +49 89 81405410Fax: +49 89 81404970Website: www.kmweg.deContact: Mr. Rainer LUTZE-mail: [email protected]

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Redbus LMDS Limited•Redbus LMDS, p. 102Unit 15,Henry Bell Ind. Est., Dysard RoadGrantham NG31 7EJUnited Kingdom

Tel: +44 1476 56 99 89Fax: +44 1476 59 11 55E-mail: [email protected]: www.lmds.redbus.co.uk

Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH•Rhino, p.86Falckensteiner Straße 224159 KielGermany

E-mail: [email protected]: www.rheinmetall-ls.deContact: Dipl.-Ing. Manfred JöhnkTel: +49 4 31 39 99 27 76Fax: +49 4 31 39 99 29 66/ 34 50Mobil: +49 171 44 19 364

Ruag Land Systems•Minewolf, p. 100Germany

Tel: +41 332 284 550E-mail: [email protected]: www.minewolf.comContact: Heinz RathTel.: +49 261 66 79 628Fax: +49 261 66 79 629

Scandinavian Demining Group AB•Scanjack 3500, p. 66Norra Uppfartsvägen 9783 32 SäterSweden

Website: www.scanjack.comContact: Lenart BerglundTel: +46 225 53742Fax: +46 225 52660E-mail: [email protected]

Technical Solutions Group, Inc•Buffalo, p. 1789801 Highway 78, #3Ladson, South Carolina 29456U.S.

Tel.: 1 843 740 7015Fax: 1 843 740 1973E-mail: [email protected]: www.forceprotection.net

Trademill Mejac & Co.d.n.o.•Minemill MC 2003, p. 42Pot Otmarja Novaka 3SI – 4270 JeseniceSlovenia

Tel.: +386 41 681 803+386 41 725 790

Fax: +386 45 831 237E-mail: [email protected]: www.trademill-mejac.si

Vilpo d.o.o.•Samson 260/200, p. 48Komenskega 141000 Ljubljana,Slovenija

Contact: Roman PogacarTel. : +38 601 4317067Fax: +38 601 7863036E-mail: [email protected]: www.vilpo.si

WAY Industry, a.s.• Bozena 4, p. 10BOZENA DepartmentJasikova 282103 BratislavaSlovak Republic

Tel.: +421 2 48 281 320/354/264Fax.: +421 2 43 337 529E-mail: [email protected]: www.bozena.sk

www.way-industry.skContact: Mr. Valer Repko, Grad. Eng.,

Director of BOZENADepartment+421 903 544 018

WESCO Manufacturing Inc.• ARTS, p. 112299 Duffy AvenueHicksville, NY 11801U.S.

Tel.: +1 516 933 1900Fax: +1 516 933 4300E-mail: [email protected]: www.wescomanufacturing.com/

arts.htm

Yamanashi Hitachi ConstructionMachinery Co., Ltd•Rotary Cutter BM 307, p. 130564-1 Kami imasuwa,Shirane-cho,Nakakoma-gun,Yamanashi,Japan

Tel.: +81 55 280 3211Fax: +81 55 282 3269E-mail: [email protected]: www.hitachi-kenki.co.jp

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List of abbreviations

AMVC Armoured Mine Clearing VehicleAPC Armoured Personnel CarrierBWB Federal Office for Defence – Technology and Procurement (Bundesamt

für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung)CARE Cooperative for American Relief to Everywhere (NGO)CAT CaterpillarCCMAT Canadian Centre for Mine Action TechnologiesCECOM US Army Communications Electronics CommandCIDC Canadian International Demining CorpsCMAC Cambodia Mine Action CentreCMTC Combat Maneuver Training CenterCROMAC Croatian Mine Action CentreDERA Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (U.K.)DIN Deutsche Industrie NormDoD Department of Defense (U.S.)DRES Defense Research Establishment SuffieldEEP External Power PackEOD Explosive Ordnance Disposale.V. registered society (eingetragener Verein)FACS Flail Assembly Control SystemFFG Flensburger Fahrzeugbau GesellschaftGICHD Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian DeminingGmbH Gesellschaft mit beschränkter HaftungGSCS Ground, Sift & Clear SystemsHALO Hazardous Area Life Support OrganisationHPU Hydraulic Power UnitIED Improvised Explosive DeviceISO International Organization for StandardizationITEP International Test and Evaluation ProgramKMMCS Krohn Mechanical Mine Clearance SystemLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayLMDS Land Mine Disposal SystemMAG Mines Advisory Group (NGO)MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AktiengesellschaftMCV Mine Clearance VehicleMgM Menschen gegen Minen e.V. (NGO)MIL Military International Limited of CanadaMk MarkMPV Mine Protected Vehicle

Appendix B

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MRM Mechanical Reproduction MinesMTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen GmbHNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNDRE Norwegian Defence Research EstablishmentNGO Non-governmental organisationNoDeCo Norwegian Demining ConsortiumNPA Norwegian People’s Aid (NGO)OCU Operator’s Control UnitPTO Power Take-OffRF Radio FrequencyRUAG Rüstungsunternehmen AktiengesellschaftSDTT Survivable Demining Tractor and ToolsSFD Swiss Foundation for Mine ClearanceSOP Standard Operating ProceduresSTS Safety Technology SystemsSWEDEC Swedish Explosive Ordnance Disposal and Demining CentreTFT Thin Film TransistorTMA Minimum Metal Anti-Tank Blast MineTMAC Thailand Mine Action CentreTNT TrinitrotolueneUN United NationsUNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian

Assistance to AfghanistanUNMAS United Nations Mine Action ServiceUXO Unexploded OrdnanceVAMIDS Vehicular Array Mine Detection SystemVCU Vehicle Control UnitVHF Very High FrequencyWMF Windhoeker MaschinenfabrikWTD Defence Technology Agency (Wehrtechnische Dienststelle)

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Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining7bis, avenue de la PaixP.O. Box 1300CH - 1211 Geneva 1SwitzerlandTel. (41 22) 906 16 60, Fax (41 22) 906 16 90www.gichd.ch

2004

Documents

Mechanical Demining Equipment Catalogue · Mechanical Demining Equipment Catalogue 2004 ... Introduction 3 Technical note 5 ... • Casspir and RG-31M 180 • Dingo 2 184