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Measuring Ingredients
Whitehall School District
FCS Department
Mrs. Stendahl
Objectives
Identify standard units of measure
Identify measuring tools
Describe the proper procedures to measure
various kinds of ingredients
Terminology
Volume-teaspoon, tablespoon, cup, fluid
ounce, quart, gallon
Equivalent-expressing the same amount of
ingredients in different units of measure
Units of Measure
Amounts of ingredients can be listed in
different measures
Most ingredients are listed by volume which
means the amount of space they take up
Some ingredients are measured by weight
A few ingredients are measured by the
number of items such as one banana or two
eggs
Units of Measure
The USA uses customary weights and
measures
Other places in the world use metric measure
Customary Units
The following are the most common units of measure found in recipes
They are often abbreviated
Volume: teaspoons (tsp. or t.), tablespoons (Tbsp. or T.), cup (C. or c.), fluid ounce (fl. oz.), pint (pt.), quart (qt.), and gallon (gal.)
Weight: ounce (oz.), pound (lb., lbs. or #)
Temperature: degrees Fahrenheit (◦F)
Length: inches (in.)
Customary Units
Weight can be measured in ounces
This type of ounce is not the same as volume
measure
A cup of popcorn and a cup of water are the
same amount but one definitely weighs more
than the other
To find out what each weighs you must use a
scale, not a measuring cup
Metric Measurements
Metric system is based on multiples of ten
Once familiar with the system it is easier than the customary units of measure
These measures are usually found in recipes
Volume: milliliter (mL), liter (L)
Weight: milligram (mg), gram (g), kilogram (kg)
Temperature: degrees Celsius (◦C)
Length: centimeters (cm)
Equivalents-Volume
Customary
Measure
Customary
Equivalent
Approximate
Metric Equivalent
1 tsp. 5 mL
1 Tbsp. 3 tsp. 15 mL
1 fl. Oz. 2 Tbsp. 30 mL
¼ cup 50 mL
1/3 cup 75 mL
½ cup 125 mL
2/3 cup 150 mL
Equivalents-Volume
Customary
Measure
Customary
Equivalent
Approximate
Metric Equivalent
¾ cup 175 mL
1 cup 8 fl. oz. or 16
Tbsp.
250 mL
1 pt. 2 cups or 16 fl.
oz.
500 mL
1 qt. 2 pt. or 4 cups or
32 fl. oz.
1000 mL or 1L
1 gal. 4 qt. 4 L
Equivalents-Weight
Customary
Measure
Customary
Equivalent
Approximate
Metric Equivalent
1 oz. 28 g
1 lb. 16 oz. 500 g
2 lb. 32 oz. 1000 g or 1 kg
Equivalents-Temperatures
Customary
Measure
Customary
Equivalent
Approximate
Metric Equivalent
0 ◦F -18 ◦C
32 ◦F 0 ◦C
350 ◦F 180 ◦C
400 ◦F 200 ◦C
Equipment for Measuring
The well equipped kitchen includes the
following measuring tools:
Dry measures-the customary set will include
1 cup, ½ cup, 1/3 cup, and ¼ cup
Liquid Measuring cups-are transparent, have
a spout and are for measuring all pourable
ingredients
Liquid measuring cups are marked with fluid
ounces, and fractions of a cup
Equipment for Measuring
Measuring Spoons-comes in a set of four or five spoons
Customary measurements include: ¼ tsp., ½ tsp., 1 tsp. and 1 Tbsp.
Always use standard measuring tools
Nonstandard items such as cups and spoons are used for serving foods and vary in sizes
Use a straight edged spatula to level the dry measures
Equipment for Measuring
Restaurants will use scales to measure the
ingredients for recipes
Weight is a more accurate measure for
ingredients
Weight is used most often for large quantities
of measure
It is quicker to weigh out ingredients than to
measure them if making large quantities
Using Combinations of Measures
Sometimes you will need to use a combination of measuring cups or spoons to get the measurements you need in recipes
To make ¾ cup you will need to use the ½ cup and ¼ cup or measure ¼ cup three times
It is more accurate when you measure the least amount of times, so ½ and ¼ is a better method to use
Knowing the equivalents makes measuring easier
Techniques for Measuring
In addition to proper tools, you also need to
use the right methods to get the proper
amounts of measure
Measuring Liquids
Liquid measuring cups are used to measure all liquids, oils, and syrups
1. Set the cup on a level surface
2. Carefully pour the liquid into the measuring cup
3. Bend down and look at the measurement at eye level for proper reading
4. Add more liquid or pour off excess to the desired measurement
Measuring Liquids
5. Look for the meniscus
6. Pour into the mixing container, using a rubber
scraper to empty the cup completely
Measuring Dry Ingredients
Nested, Dry or Mary Ann Measuring cups are
used to measure dry ingredients such as
flour, sugar, dry beans, diced meat,
chopped vegetables, nuts, chocolate chips,
etc.
Different items are measured differently.
Follow along for the steps for each
Measuring Dry Ingredients-White Sugar
1. Take the nested measuring cup of the size
called for in the recipe and scoop up the
granulated sugar so the sugar is heaping in
the cup
2. Using a level spatula, scrape over the top of
the cup to level the sugar off while the cup
is held over the canister of sugar
3. Pour into the mixing bowl or pitcher, etc.
Measuring Dry Ingredients-Brown Sugar
1. Take the nested measuring cup of the size called for in the recipe and scoop up the brown sugar packing it tightly along the side of the canister.
2. Be sure that the sugar is tightly packed and has more than a level cupful.
3. Using a level spatula, scrape over the top of the cup to level the sugar off while the cup is held over the canister of sugar
4. Pour into the mixing bowl or pitcher, etc.
Measuring Dry Ingredients-Flour
1. Stir the canister of flour gently. Scoop up
spoonfuls of flour and gently place into the
measuring cup while holding over the
canister. Add spoonfuls until the flour is
heaping over the top of the cup.
2. Using a level spatula, scrape over the top of
the cup to level the flour off while the cup is
held over the canister of flour.
3. Pour into the mixing bowl or pitcher, etc.
Measuring Dry Ingredients-Sifted Flour
Note that some recipes will call for sifted flour.
If this is the case, do the following:
Place a sheet of waxed paper on the counter.
Sift flour onto the waxed paper.
Gently spoon flour into the measuring cup. Add spoonfuls until the flour is heaping over the top of the cup.
Measuring Dry Ingredients-Sifted Flour
Using a level spatula, scrape over the top of
the cup to level the flour off while the cup is
held over the canister of flour.
Pour into the mixing bowl or pitcher, etc.
Measuring Dry Ingredients-Loose items
Gently spoon the item into the cup.
Fill to the top and check the height with the
palm of your hand.
Do not heap the cup unless indicated.
Pour into the bowl or container.
Measuring Solid Fats-Stick Method
1. This method is for fat that comes in sticks such as
butter or margarine and some shortenings.
2. The wrapper is marked with tablespoons and
fractions of a cup.
3. Simply cut off the amount you need as indicated
on the lines of the paper wrapper.
4. You can open the paper or cut right through it.
5. Remove the paper and put into the bowl, etc.
Measuring Solid Fats-Dry Measuring Cup
Method
1. Pack the fat down into the cup, pressing firmly to
fill in all the spaces.
2. Level off the cup using a rubber scraper.
3. Then using the rubber scraper, empty out the
measuring cup into the bowl, etc.
4. Use the same method with measuring spoons.
Measuring Solid Fats-Water Displacement
Method
1. This method combines fat with water in the
measuring cup and requires some math.
2. Subtract the amount of fat to be measured form
one cup.
3. The difference is the amount of water that you will
pour into the cup.
4. Scoop fat into the cup until the water rises to the
one cup measurement.
5. Look for the meniscus.
Measuring Solid Fats-Water Displacement
Method
6. Pour off the water using a spoon or spatula to hold
the fat from falling out of the cup when you turn the
cup over.
7. Pour the fat into the mixing container, using a
rubber scraper to empty the cup completely
Measuring by Weight
Some ingredients will be measured by
weight. Containers of products that you
purchase may be the exact weight needed.
You may need to use a food scale.
Measuring with the Food Scale
Decide what container you will be measuring
the ingredients into.
Put the container on the scale and then
adjust the scale to read zero.
Add the food to the container until the scale
reads the amount needed.