Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 1
www.bsc.es
Measuring Business Value of Learning Technology Implementation in HE
Setting
Nia Alexandrov,
Education and Training Team, BSC
Nia Alexandrov 2
Computational Science and Skills Gap in HE Context
The skills considered hardest to find:
– scientists with HPC capabilities,
– parallel programmers,
– algorithm developers,
– system administrator with high-end computing
experience.
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 2
Nia Alexandrov 3
Aims
Intersecting influences: pedagogical approaches, technological affordances, and the management of the processes at programs, departments and University strategy levels
– Decades technological developments have strong impact on teaching particularly when combined with a virtual learning environment putting technology in the position of an enabler and enhancer
– Quality teaching using collaborative learning is the bases for building of a set of research skills
– Management practices affect the success or failure of courses and impact motivation to learn
Intersecting Influences Model [1/2]
Nia Alexandrov 4
Legend:M – motivatorH – hygiene factorFactors standing in overlapping areas are under intersecting influences
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 3
Contributing Areas
Nia Alexandrov 5
Area Influence Impact Affected Change
Pedagogy: Ways of teaching Understanding the way we learn informs the design of the format of individual work and subject/unit assessment
Collaborative work & tools bring additional learning outcomes: acquiring of interpersonal skills, social values, and professional attitudes
Technology Tools and their affordances & constrains
Technological advances bring changes in the lecturing format
Management Motivational theory and business value assessment
Staff training, student –lecturer interaction,
Financial and structural implication of ILT on organizational level
PEDAGOGY AND IT IMPLEMENTATION
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 4
Integrated Learning Processes Model consists of four distinct stages and conforms to Kolb’s natural learning cycle and the work of James Zull Nia Alexandrov 7
Underlying Pedagogy
Construction • Classify • Associate • Analyze • Recall • Reflection
Abstraction • Visualize • Synthesize • Plan • Conjecture • Hypothesize
Concrete Experience • Navigate • Explore • Sense • Review
Action • Experiment • Discuss • Debate • Create • Practice
Tools Supporting Increased Complexity of Interaction Type of teaching materials
Media forms Learning activities
Complexity of interaction
Elements of Collaborative work
Class of Web 2.0 toolsFacilitating the corresponding level
Level 5: Discursive
Productive Project workNegotiation of learning objectives
Clearly Perceived Positive Interdependence/Individual Accountability and Personal Responsibility/ Group Processing / Small Group Skills/ Interaction
Wikis/ Social Networking/ Syndication and notification/ Collaborative editing
Level 4: Adaptive(by the tutor)
Adaptive
Practical session/Laboratory work
Based on previous communication, teacher may refocus the dialogue and the student would re-conceptualize as result
Group Processing / Small Group Skills/ InteractionInternal and interpersonal dialogue
Syndication and notification/ Collaborative editing/Media Sharing/ Simulations/ Immersive Technologies
Level 3: Interactive(at the level of actions)
CommunicativeSeminar/ team discussion
Teacher functions as moderator supporting students discussions and reflections on their work
Small Group Skills/ InteractionTwo cycles of interaction/ dialogue are possible:Peer-to-peer within the team and Tutor-student(s)
Social Bookmarking/ Media Sharing/ Forums / Quizzes & Tests
Level 2: Reflective
Interactive TutorialThere is a provision of feedback on student´s work
InteractionOne to one, tutor - student interaction
Blogs/ Forums
Level 1: Descriptive
Narrative LectureMakes concepts available
No collaboration needed Mashups / Static pages
Nia Alexandrov 8
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 5
Gains of Implementation of ITTeaching Methods and Curricula Design
Management Processes
Subject SpecificU
se o
f IT
Support of team work and individual accountability
Common timetable and progression pathAccess to teaching and administrative resources irrespective of location
Remote access to relevant teaching resources including HPC resources
Gai
n
Development of problem solving, research and collaboration skills through implementation of CCCP activities
Streamlined administrationDecentralised control over material update and student feedback
HPC and domain specific applications;Visualisation and simulation environments;Mathematical Modelling capabilitiesOver multidisciplinary subject area
Nia Alexandrov 9
BUSINESS VALUE OF IT IN HE CONTEXT
Nia Alexandrov10
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 6
Measuring the Organisational Level of Performance Using the CMF
Business Value for IT - mainly industry driven emerging area
– Intel Corporation - M. Curley (2005) and D. Sward (2006) and Innovation Value Institute - the National University of Ireland, Maynooth
The approach:
– introducing certain metrics for estimating the Business Value of IT
– Linking the metrics with defining the baseline,
– defining the IT innovations to be introduced,
– defining the expected productivity gain and measuring Return On Investment within the given timeline
Nia Alexandrov 11
Reasoning for using IT-CMF in HE context
Measuring the level of implementation of IT as a teaching tool and in the management of the teaching/ learning process allows us to determine the organisational level of performance
The principles for good practice in HE relate motivation to study context
In management theory Herzberg links dissatisfies (hygiene factors) with job context.
Nia Alexandrov 12
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 7
5 stages of maturity of the organizational attitudes towards spending for IT
Ad Hoc – no defined processes and no future-proof investment decisions
Repeatable – focus on total cost ownership - seeking to control cost and quality of services
Defined – shift from TCO to return of investment-new understanding that the business value of IT investment lies outside of the IT department
Managed – portfolio management, sophisticated approach to managing IT investments attempting to optimise investments based on a defined criteria and taking into account the organisational business strategy
Optimised – measurement and tracking of actual and projected benefits based on strong alignment of IT investment objectives with the business objectives of the organisation
Nia Alexandrov 13
5 stages of maturity of the organizational attitudes towards spending for IT
Ad Hoc – no defined processes and no future-proof investment decisions
Repeatable – focus on total cost ownership - seeking to control cost and quality of services
Defined – shift from TCO to return of investment-new understanding that the business value of IT investment lies outside of the IT department
Managed – portfolio management, sophisticated approach to managing IT investments attempting to optimise investments based on a defined criteria and taking into account the organisational business strategy
Optimised – measurement and tracking of actual and projected benefits based on strong alignment of IT investment objectives with the business objectives of the organisation
Nia Alexandrov 14
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 8
5 stages of maturity of the organizational attitudes towards spending for IT
Ad Hoc – no defined processes and no future-proof investment decisions
Repeatable – focus on total cost ownership - seeking to control cost and quality of services
Defined – shift from TCO to return on investment-new understanding that the business value of IT investment lies outside of the IT department
Managed – portfolio management, sophisticated approach to managing IT investments attempting to optimise investments based on a defined criteria and taking into account the organisational business strategy
Optimised – measurement and tracking of actual and projected benefits based on strong alignment of IT investment objectives with the business objectives of the organisation
Nia Alexandrov 15
5 stages of maturity of the organizational attitudes towards spending for IT
Ad Hoc – no defined processes and no future-proof investment decisions
Repeatable – focus on total cost ownership - seeking to control cost and quality of services
Defined – shift from TCO to return of investment-new understanding that the business value of IT investment lies outside of the IT department
Managed – portfolio management, sophisticated approach to managing IT investments attempting to optimise investments based on a defined criteria and taking into account the organisational business strategy
Optimised – measurement and tracking of actual and projected benefits based on strong alignment of IT investment objectives with the business objectives of the organisation
Nia Alexandrov 16
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 9
5 stages of maturity of the organizational attitudes towards spending for IT
Ad Hoc – no defined processes and no future-proof investment decisions
Repeatable – focus on total cost ownership - seeking to control cost and quality of services
Defined – shift from TCO to return of investment-new understanding that the business value of IT investment lies outside of the IT department
Managed – portfolio management, sophisticated approach to managing IT investments attempting to optimise investments based on a defined criteria and taking into account the organisational business strategy
Optimised – measurement and tracking of actual and projected benefits based on strong alignment of IT investment objectives with the business objectives of the organisation
Nia Alexandrov 17
Understanding of Business Value in the Higher Education Setting
CMF Level
Description CMF in the Higher Education Context
1Ad hoc
No defined processes
Ad Hoc decision resolving particular current needs – isolated cases of use of VLE, conferencing or web tools by some courses or departments
2
Cost control and services focus Cost effective investments in providing services – centrally supported VLE , conferencing tools, mail service for all students, central DB
3
Investment governance based on business cases
Management or educational reasons for investment – centralised administrative systems for submission and management of work and marks; availability of collaborative tools and digital learning materials; simulation and visualisation tools
4
Portfolio management Sustained investment in advanced technologies and tools facilitating research and collaboration and staff training for implementing the technology in the teaching and learning process coupled with creation of cross disciplinary bodies for managing the developments
5
Alignment with organisational business objectives
Strategies accounting for the benefits with great revenue distance – students taught in technology rich environment with state-of-the-art tools gain advantage in terms of future proof skills and knowledge acquired, which in turn would reflect into better employability.Research publications increase based on achieving results impossible without IT investment and so on
Nia Alexandrov 18
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 10
Understanding of Business Value in the Higher Education Setting
CMF Level
Description CMF in the Higher Education Context
1
No defined processes Ad Hoc decision resolving particular current needs – isolated cases of use of VLE, conferencing or web tools by some courses or departments
2Repeata
ble
Cost control and services focus
Cost effective investments in providing services –centrally supported VLE , central DB, conferencing tools, mail service for all students,
3
Investment governance based on business cases
Management or educational reasons for investment – centralised administrative systems for submission and management of work and marks; availability of collaborative tools and digital learning materials; simulation and visualisation tools
4
Portfolio management Sustained investment in advanced technologies and tools facilitating research and collaboration and staff training for implementing the technology in the teaching and learning process coupled with creation of cross disciplinary bodies for managing the developments
5
Alignment with organisational business objectives
Strategies accounting for the benefits with great revenue distance – students taught in technology rich environment with state-of-the-art tools gain advantage in terms of future proof skills and knowledge acquired, which in turn would reflect into better employability.Research publications increase based on achieving results impossible without IT investment and so on Nia Alexandrov 19
Understanding of Business Value in the Higher Education Setting
CMF Level
Description CMF in the Higher Education Context
1No defined processes Ad Hoc decision resolving particular current needs – isolated cases of use of VLE,
conferencing or web tools by some courses or departments
2Cost control and services focus Cost effective investments in providing services – centrally supported VLE ,
conferencing tools, mail service for all students, central DB
3Defined
Investment governance based on business cases
Management or educational reasons for investment – centralised administrative systems for submissionand management of work and marks; availability of collaborative tools and digital learning materials; simulation and visualisation tools
4
Portfolio management Sustained investment in advanced technologies and tools facilitating research and collaboration and staff training for implementing the technology in the teaching and learning process coupled with creation of cross disciplinary bodies for managing the developments
5
Alignment with organisational business objectives
Strategies accounting for the benefits with great revenue distance – students taught in technology rich environment with state-of-the-art tools gain advantage in terms of future proof skills and knowledge acquired, which in turn would reflect into better employability.Research publications increase based on achieving results impossible without IT investment and so on
Nia Alexandrov 20
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 11
Understanding of Business Value in the Higher Education Setting
CMF Level
Description CMF in the Higher Education Context
1No defined processes Ad Hoc decision resolving particular current needs – isolated cases of use of VLE,
conferencing or web tools by some courses or departments
2Cost control and services focus Cost effective investments in providing services – centrally supported VLE ,
conferencing tools, mail service for all students, central DB
3
Investment governance based on business cases
Management or educational reasons for investment – centralised administrative systems for submission and management of work and marks; availability of collaborative tools and digital learning materials; simulation and visualisation tools
4Managed
Portfolio management
Sustained investment in advanced technologies and tools facilitating research and collaboration and staff training for implementing the technology in the teaching and learning process coupled with creation of cross disciplinary bodies for managing the developments
5
Alignment with organisational business objectives
Strategies accounting for the benefits with great revenue distance – students taught in technology rich environment with state-of-the-art tools gain advantage in terms of future proof skills and knowledge acquired, which in turn would reflect into better employability.Research publications increase based on achieving results impossible without IT investment and so on
Nia Alexandrov 21
Understanding of Business Value in the Higher Education Setting
CMF Level
Description CMF in the Higher Education Context
1No defined processes Ad Hoc decision resolving particular current needs – isolated cases of use of VLE,
conferencing or web tools by some courses or departments
2Cost control and services focus Cost effective investments in providing services – centrally supported VLE , conferencing
tools, mail service for all students, central DB
3
Investment governance based on business cases
Management or educational reasons for investment – centralised administrative systems for submission and management of work and marks; availability of collaborative tools and digital learning materials; simulation and visualisation tools
4
Portfolio management Sustained investment in advanced technologies and tools facilitating research and collaboration and staff training for implementing the technology in the teaching and learning process coupled with creation of cross disciplinary bodies for managing the developments
5Optimised
Alignment with organisational business objectives
Strategies accounting for the benefits with great revenue distance – students taught in technology rich environment with state-of-the-art tools gain advantage in terms of future proof skills and knowledge acquired, which in turn would reflect into better employability.Research publications increase based on achieving results impossible without IT investment and so on Nia Alexandrov 22
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 12
CMF Level
CMF in the Higher Education Context ACET CMF level in the UoR context
1
Ad Hoc decision resolving particular current needs – isolated cases of use of VLE, conferencing or web tools by some courses or departments
Developing the E-LANE Integrated Metacognitive Processes Model (IMPM)
2Cost effective investments in providing services – centrally supported VLE , conferencing tools, mail service for all students, central DB
Transition to BlackBoard based course support and non-paper office for ACET MSc programs and creation of student forum
3
Management or educational reasons for investment – centralised administrative systems for submission and management of work and marks; availability of collaborative tools and digital learning materials; simulation and visualisation tools
Management and teaching using BlackBoard and RISIS at UoR as the VLE for local MSc courses and transnationally for the EM MSc in NeBCC; ACET student applications and alumnae forum integration
4
Sustained investment in advanced technologies and tools facilitating research and collaboration and staff training for implementing the technology in the teaching and learning process coupled with creation of cross disciplinary bodies for managing the developments
Integration of ReaCTor (Immersive Virtual System)and IBM Themes Blue JS21 based Supercomputer into multidisciplinary teaching and research under the Computational Science Research Theme
5
Strategies accounting for the benefits with great revenue distance – students taught in technology rich environment with state-of-the-art tools gain advantage in terms of future proof skills and knowledge acquired, which in turn would reflect into better employability. Research publications increase based on achieving results impossible without IT investment and so on
Nia Alexandrov 23
CMF Level
CMF in the Higher Education Context ACET CMF level in the UoR context
1Ad Hoc decision resolving particular current needs – isolated cases of use of VLE, conferencing or web tools by some courses or departments
Developing the E-LANE Integrated Metacognitive Processes Model (IMPM)
2
Cost effective investments in providing services – centrally supported VLE , conferencing tools, mail service for all students, central DB
Transition to BlackBoard based course support and non-paper office for ACET MSc programs and creation of student forum
3
Management or educational reasons for investment – centralised administrative systems for submission and management of work and marks; availability of collaborative tools and digital learning materials; simulation and visualisation tools
Management and teaching using BlackBoard and RISIS at UoR as the VLE for local MSc courses and transnationally for the EM MSc in NeBCC; ACET student applications and alumnae forum integration
4
Sustained investment in advanced technologies and tools facilitating research and collaboration and staff training for implementing the technology in the teaching and learning process coupled with creation of cross disciplinary bodies for managing the developments
Integration of ReaCTor (Immersive Virtual System)and IBM Themes Blue JS21 based Supercomputer into multidisciplinary teaching and research under the Computational Science Research Theme
5
Strategies accounting for the benefits with great revenue distance – students taught in technology rich environment with state-of-the-art tools gain advantage in terms of future proof skills and knowledge acquired, which in turn would reflect into better employability. Research publications increase based on achieving results impossible without IT investment and so on
Nia Alexandrov 24
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 13
CMF Level
CMF in the Higher Education Context ACET CMF level in the UoR context
1Ad Hoc decision resolving particular current needs – isolated cases of use of VLE, conferencing or web tools by some courses or departments
Developing the E-LANE Integrated Metacognitive Processes Model (IMPM)
2Cost effective investments in providing services – centrally supported VLE , conferencing tools, mail service for all students, central DB
Transition to BlackBoard based course support and non-paper office for ACET MSc programs and creation of student forum
3
Management or educational reasons for investment – centralised administrative systems for submission and management of work and marks; availability of collaborative tools and digital learning materials; simulation and visualisation tools
Management and teaching using BlackBoard and RISIS at UoR as the VLE for local MSc courses and transnationally for the EM MSc in NeBCC; ACET student applications and alumnae forum integration
4
Sustained investment in advanced technologies and tools facilitating research and collaboration and staff training for implementing the technology in the teaching and learning process coupled with creation of cross disciplinary bodies for managing the developments
Integration of ReaCTor (Immersive Virtual System)and IBM Themes Blue JS21 based Supercomputer into multidisciplinary teaching and research under the Computational Science Research Theme
5
Strategies accounting for the benefits with great revenue distance – students taught in technology rich environment with state-of-the-art tools gain advantage in terms of future proof skills and knowledge acquired, which in turn would reflect into better employability. Research publications increase based on achieving results impossible without IT investment and so on
Nia Alexandrov 25
CMF Level
CMF in the Higher Education Context ACET CMF level in the UoR context
1Ad Hoc decision resolving particular current needs – isolated cases of use of VLE, conferencing or web tools by some courses or departments
Developing the E-LANE Integrated Metacognitive Processes Model (IMPM)
2Cost effective investments in providing services – centrally supported VLE , conferencing tools, mail service for all students, central DB
Transition to BlackBoard based course support and non-paper office for ACET MSc programs and creation of student forum
3
Management or educational reasons for investment – centralised administrative systems for submission and management of work and marks; availability of collaborative tools and digital learning materials; simulation and visualisation tools
Management and teaching using BlackBoard and RISIS at UoR as the VLE for local MSc courses and transnationally for the EM MSc in NeBCC; ACET student applications and alumnae forum integration
4
Sustained investment in advanced technologies and tools facilitating research and collaboration and staff training for implementing the technology in the teaching and learning process coupled with creation of cross disciplinary bodies for managing the developments
Integration of ReaCTor (Immersive Virtual System)and IBM Themes Blue JS21 based Supercomputer into multidisciplinary teaching and research under the Computational Science Research Theme
5
Strategies accounting for the benefits with great revenue distance – students taught in technology rich environment with state-of-the-art tools gain advantage in terms of future proof skills and knowledge acquired, which in turn would reflect into better employability. Research publications increase based on achieving results impossible without IT investment and so on Nia Alexandrov 26
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 14
1Ad Hoc decision resolving particular current needs – isolated cases of use of VLE, conferencing or web tools by some courses or departments
Developing the E-LANE Integrated Metacognitive Processes Model (IMPM)
2Cost effective investments in providing services – centrally supported VLE , conferencing tools, mail service for all students, central DB
Transition to BlackBoard based course support and non-paper office for ACET MSc programs and creation of student forum
3
Management or educational reasons for investment – centralised administrative systems for submission and management of work and marks; availability of collaborative tools and digital learning materials; simulation and visualisation tools
Management and teaching using BlackBoard and RISIS at UoR as the VLE for local MSc courses and transnationally for the EM MSc in NeBCC; ACET student applications and alumnae forum integration
4
Sustained investment in advanced technologies and tools facilitating research and collaboration and staff training for implementing the technology in the teaching and learning process coupled with creation of cross disciplinary bodies for managing the developments
Integration of ReaCTor (Immersive Virtual System)and IBM Themes Blue JS21 based Supercomputer into multidisciplinary teaching and research under the Computational Science Research Theme
5
Strategies accounting for the benefits with great revenue distance – students taught in technology rich environment with state-of-the-art tools gain advantage in terms of future proof skills and knowledge acquired, which in turn would reflect into better employability. Research publications increase based on achieving results impossible without IT investment and so on… Nia Alexandrov 27
HERZBERG THEORY ANDSTUDENTS’ MOTIVATION
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 15
Relation between the principles of good practice in HE and Herzberg´s motivators
Principles of good practice in HE Herzberg´s Motivators in work environment
Student faculty interaction Recognition, Interpersonal relations - superior
Student collaboration Recognition, Interpersonal relations - peers
Encouragement of active learning Work itself
Prompt feedback Recognition, Company policy and administration
Emphasize on time-on-task Company policy and administration
Communication of high expectations Achievement, Possibility of growth
Respect of diverse learning styles Recognition, Work itselfNia Alexandrov 29
Inferring the Motivation Factors in HE
The case study was the MSc students of ACET from 3 consecutive intakes:– 80 overall 61 returned the survey
The questionnaire is divided in three parts: – questions on identifying the satisfying factors using IT,
– questions on identifying dissatisfying factors using IT
– questions on general technology use.
A posteriori approach to study design:– Herzberg’s methodology
– categories were derived from the data and compared with the already derived by Herzberg in the Motivation to Work case
Nia Alexandrov 30
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 16
Motivators and Hygiene factors for StudentsMotivators Hygiene factors
Achievements IT Support
Recognition Content and Assessment
Student Involvement and Participation Quality of Teaching
Teaching Methods Teaching and Learning
Resources
Feedback Administrative Support
Technology Features Facilitating the
learning
Organization and Student
Support
Interaction with Convenors and
Professors
Visibility Nia Alexandrov 31
Intersecting Influences Model [1/2]
Nia Alexandrov 32
Legend:M – motivatorH – hygiene factorFactors standing in overlapping areas are under intersecting influences
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 17
Nia Alexandrov 33
Intersecting Influences Model [2/2]
Organising the Motivation Factors into sets with predominant influence of one or several areas – pedagogy, technology and management:– Single area of influence:
• IT support (HF) and Technological features supporting learning (M) - Tech
• Quality of Teaching (HF), Content and Assessment (HF), Interaction with Convenors and Professors (M), and Teaching Methods (M) - Ped
– Dual areas of influences • The administrative support (HF) Man or Tech.
• Teaching and learning resources (HF) Ped or Tech.
– Triple (complex) areas of influences• Achievements (M) and Recognition (M) - interlinked factors in Long-Range
sequences are in the triple intersection and to be successfully facilitated require adequately functioning technology, appropriate pedagogical environment and supportive management processes.
Nia Alexandrov 34
Conclusions:
The capacity created by management practices was identified by determining the Business Value of IT and of the organizational level of performance on IT-CMF in HE setting.
the position of technology as means to resolve or aggravate issues as facilitator was determined by inferring the Motivation and Hygiene Factors.
Pedagogy sets the principles of teaching that create the needed skills set and as such has leading position but is unable to resolve all issues on its own.
ICCS 2014 – BRIDGE workshop 10 to 12/062014
Nia Alexandrov, BSC 18
References
[1] N.Alexandrov, R. Ramirez-Velarde, and V. Alexandrov, ed., “Technological Advances in Interactive
Collaborative Learning”, Taylor and Francis, 250 pages,Dec, 2012, ISBN-9781466502086.
[2] N. Alexandrova, V. Alexandrov and Raul Ramirez “The Role of Computational Science and
Emerging Technologies in the Natural Sciences Education at University Level”, Procedia Computer
Science, Elsevier, Volume 9, pp. 1789-1798, 2012.
[3] Martin Curley, “Managing IT for Business Value”, Intel Press, 2005.
[4] David Sward, “Measuring Business Value of IT”, Intel Press, 2006.
[5] IVI, Innovation Value Institute, http://ivi.nuim.ie/, Maynooth, Ireland.
[6] F. Herzberg, B. Mausner, B.B. Snyderman, “The Motivation to Work”, Transaction Publishers, Sixth
Edition, 2003.
[7] Chickering, A.W., and Gamson, ZF 1991, Applying the Seven Principles for Good Practice in
Undergraduate Education, New Directions for Teaching and Learning. Number 47, Fall 1991. San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc.
[8]Walker R, J. Voce and J. Ahmed, 2012, UCISA Report: 2012 Survey of Technology Enhanced
Learning for Higher Education in UK, http://www.ucisa.ac.uk/tel
Nia Alexandrov 35