Me So Pot a Mia Overview

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Chapter 2, Section

Chapter 1

Mesopotamia(3200 B.C.500 B.C.)

Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

World History: Connection to Today


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Chapter 2, Section

Chapter 1Main Points to Learn

Locate and describe the major river systems and discuss the physical settings that supported

permanent settlement and early civilizations.

1. What 2 major rivers flowed through Mesopotamia?2. What good things did the rivers provide for the land that made it good for farming?

3. What made the Fertile Crescent so fertile?

Trace the development of agricultural techniques that permitted the production of economic

surplus and the emergence of cities as centers of culture and power.

What techniques did the people develop to better use the water for farming?

What is a surplus?

When a civilization has a surplus (more food than they need), what is the effect?

Understand the relationship between religion and the social and political order in Mesopotamia.

1. Describe the religion of early Mesopotamia and Sumeria.

2. What structures did the people build?

3. What were the different social groups in Mesopotamia.Sumeria?

Class Tutorial


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Chapter 2, Section

City-States of Ancient Sumer

How did geographic features influence the

civilizations of the Fertile Crescent?

What were the main features of Sumeriancivilization?

What advances in learning did the

Sumerians make?

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Chapter 2, SectionThe Fertil e Crescent

The Fertile Crescent is the fertileland between the Tigris and Euphratesrivers.

The first civilization in the Fertile Crescent was

discovered in Mesopotamia, which means landbetween the rivers

The first Sumerian cities emerged insouthern Mesopotamia around 3200B.C.

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Chapter 2, Section


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Tigris Now


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Chapter 2, Section

Tigris Now

This region is in the current country of Iraq.


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Chapter 2, Section

Euphrates now


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Chapter 2, Section

Euphrates Now

It is still important to the lives of the people who still

farm in the region. It provides water and nutrientsfor the soil used in farming.


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Chapter 2, Section

Remains of an Ancient Civilization


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Chapter 2, Section

Artifacts of Ancient Mesopotamia


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Chapter 2, Section

Worshiped many gods.

Believed gods controlledevery aspect of life.

Saw afterlife as a grim

place. Everybody would go

into darkness and eat dust.

To keep the gods happy,

each city built a

ziggurat, or pyramid

temple.

Each state had distinct

social hierarchy, or

system of ranks.

Most people were peasant

farmers.

Women had legal rights;

some engaged in trade

and owned property.

City-states with hereditary

rulers.

Ruler led army in war and

enforced laws.

Complex government with

scribes to collect taxes

and keep records.

RELIGIONSOCIAL

STRUCTUREGOVERNMENT

Sumeria n C ivil iza tion3


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Chapter 2, Section

Ziggurats


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Chapter 2, Section

Ziggurats


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Chapter 2, SectionSumerian Advances i n Learning

Developed cuneiform, believed to be the

earliest form of writing.

Developed basic algebra and geometry.

Made accurate calendars, essential to a

farming society.

Made the first wheeled vehicles.

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Chapter 2, Section

Cuneiform


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Chapter 2, Section

Cuneiform: Writing System

A stylus, a thin writing stick, was used to

write in soft clay.


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Chapter 2, Section

Section 3Assessment

The Fertile Crescent was the land locateda) along the Nile river.

b) between the Tigrisand Euphrates rivers.c) between the Euphrates and the Nile rivers.

d) between the Tigris and theNile rivers.

Most people in Sumerian city-states werea) priests.

b) merchants.c) scribes.

d) peasant farmers.

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Chapter 2, Section 3

The Fertile Crescent was the land locateda) along the Nile river.

b) between the Tigrisand Euphrates rivers.c) between the Euphrates and the Nile rivers.

d) between the Tigris and theNile rivers.

Most people in Sumerian city-states werea) priests.

b) merchants.c) scribes.

d) peasant farmers.

Section 3Assessment


Ch t 2 S ti 4


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Chapter 2, Section

Invaders, Traders, and Empire Builders

How did early empires arise in

Mesopotamia?

How did ideas and technology spread?

How did the Persians unite a huge empire?

What contributions did the Phoeniciansmake?

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Ch t 2 S ti 4


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Chapter 2, Section

A series of strong rulers united the lands of the Fertile Crescentinto well organized empires.

Again and again, nomadic warriors invaded the rich cities of theFertile Crescent. Some looted and burned the cities. Others

stayed to rule them.

2300 B.C. Sargon, the ruler of Akkad, conquered Sumerand built the first known empire.

1790 B.C.Hammurabi, King of Babylon, united the

Babylonian empire.

Invaders, Traders, and Empire Builders

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Ch t 2 S ti 4


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Chapter 2, Section

Hammurabis code was the first attempt by a ruler to codify,

or arrange and set down in writing, all of the laws that would

govern a state.

One section codified criminal law, the branch of law thatdeals with offenses against others, such as robbery and

murder.

Another section codified civil law, the branch that deals with

private rights and matters, such as business contracts,

taxes, and property inheritance.

The Code of Hammurabi4

Chapter 2 Section 4


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Chapter 2, SectionWarfa re and the Spread of Ideas

Conquerors brought ideas and technologies to the conqueredregion.

For example, when the Hittites conquered Mesopotamia, they brought

the skill of ironworking to that region.

When the conquerors were in turn conquered, they movedelsewhere, spreading their ideas and technologies.

For example, when the Hittite empire was itself conquered, Hittiteironworkers migrated to other regions and spread the secret ofiron making across Asia, Africa, and Europe.

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Chapter 2 Section 4


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Chapter 2, Section

The Persian Empire

Cyrus the Great and his successors conquered the largest empire yetseen, from Asia Minor to India.

Emperor Darius unified the Persian empire.

Drew up single code of laws for empire.

Had hundreds of miles of roads built or repaired to aid communicationand encourage unity.

Introduced a uniform system of coinage and encouraged a moneyeconomy.

Before it was a Barter economy-exchanging one set of goods or servicesfor another.

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Chapter 2 Section 4


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Chapter 2, SectionThe Ph oenic ians

Occupied string of cities along the eastern Mediterranean coast.

Made glass from sand andpurple dye from a tiny seasnail.

Called carriers ofcivilization because theyspread Middle Easterncivilization around theMediterranean.

Most important contribution:

Invented the alphabet. Analphabet contains lettersthat represent spokensounds.

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Chapter 2 Section 4


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Chapter 2, Section

What leader was the first to codify the laws that wouldgovern his state?a) Cyrus the Greatb) Sargonc) Hammurabi

d) Darius

Who invented the alphabet? a)the Persians b)the Babylonians c)the Phoenicians d)the Assyrians

Section 4 Assessment4


Chapter 2 Section 4


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Chapter 2, Section

Section 4 Assessment4

What leader was the first to codify the laws that wouldgovern his state?a) Cyrus the Greatb) Sargonc) Hammurabi

d) Darius

Who invented the alphabet? a)the Persians b)the Babylonians c)the Phoenicians d)the Assyrians


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Me So Pot a Mia Overview