MCAMX4_RefGuide

Mastercam Reference GuideMay 2009

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II • REFERENCE GUIDE

Mastercam® X4 Reference Guide

Date: May 2009Copyright © 2009 CNC Software, Inc.— All rights reserved.First Printing: July 2005Software: Mastercam X4Part Number: X4-PDF-RG

TERMS OF USE

Use of this document is subject to the Mastercam End User License Agreement. A copy of the Mastercam End User License Agreement is included with the Mastercam product package of which this document is part. The Mastercam End User License Agreement can also be found at: www.mastercam.com/legal/licenseagreement/

http://www.mastercam.com/legal/licenseagreement/

III

Contents

1. Introduction to Mastercam X.......................................................1

Mastercam Startup and Resources .......................................................1Mastercam’s Event Logging.....................................................................3

Learning about HASP and NetHASP .......................................................3

Getting Help..............................................................................................4Using Mastercam Help ............................................................................4

Mastercam X Documentation .................................................................7

Additional Training..................................................................................9

Mastercam Support and Services ..........................................................10

The Mastercam Workspace .................................................................11Interface Elements and Concepts .........................................................12

Graphics Window .............................................................................13Status Bar ..........................................................................................13Operations Manager .........................................................................14Toolbars ............................................................................................20Interactive Prompts ..........................................................................20Dialog Boxes .....................................................................................21Ribbon Bars .......................................................................................23Tool Tips ...........................................................................................27Learning Mode ..................................................................................27Right–Click Menus ............................................................................27Shortcut Keys ....................................................................................29Mastercam’s Calculator ....................................................................29Function Interruption ......................................................................32

Drawing Elements and Concepts ..........................................................33AutoCursor ........................................................................................33General Selection Ribbon Bar ...........................................................34Chaining ............................................................................................34

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Sketcher .............................................................................................34

Machining Elements and Concepts.......................................................35Toolpaths ..........................................................................................35Machine Definition/Control Definition Managers ..........................36Libraries (operations, tools, materials) .............................................37

Mastercam Menus ................................................................................39File Menu ...............................................................................................40

Edit Menu...............................................................................................41

View Menu .............................................................................................42

Analyze Menu ........................................................................................43

Create Menu...........................................................................................44

Solids Menu ...........................................................................................45

Xform Menu ...........................................................................................46

Machine Type Menu ..............................................................................47

Toolpaths Menu.....................................................................................48

Screen Menu ..........................................................................................49

Art Menu ................................................................................................50

Settings Menu ........................................................................................51

Help Menu .............................................................................................52

The Role of Machine and Control Definitions......................................53Toolpath Defaults ..................................................................................55

Working with Post Processors................................................................56

Opening and Translating Files ..............................................................56Changing Units of Measure (Metric/Inch) ............................................57

Saving Files.............................................................................................58

Sharing Files with the Zip2Go Utility.....................................................59

Opening Files with Other Applications .................................................60

Project Manager.....................................................................................61

Printing and Plotting ..............................................................................65

File Tracking ...........................................................................................67Checking the Current File ......................................................................68

Check All Tracked Files ..........................................................................69

Tracking Options ...................................................................................69

V

Change Recognition ..............................................................................71Changes in Geometry Only....................................................................71

Changes Affecting Operations ...............................................................73

Using Change Recognition ....................................................................74

2. Drawing and Design Basics .......................................................78

Using the AutoCursor Ribbon Bar ........................................................78Visual Cues.............................................................................................79

Entering Position Coordinates ..............................................................80Using AutoCursor FastPoint Mode to Enter Coordinates .......................................................................................81

Customizing AutoCursor Behavior........................................................82Using AutoCursor Settings ...............................................................82Using AutoCursor Override ..............................................................84

Selecting Entities ...................................................................................88Using the General Selection Ribbon Bar ...............................................88

General Selection Methods ...................................................................90

Entity Selection Settings ........................................................................92Masking .............................................................................................92Quick Masks ......................................................................................94

Selection Mask Examples ......................................................................95Selection Examples Select All ...........................................................95Selection Examples Select Only ........................................................95

Entity Selection Tips ..............................................................................96Selecting Single Entities ....................................................................96Selecting Multiple Entities ................................................................96Selecting All Entities .........................................................................97Selecting Entities as Chains ..............................................................97Using Area Selection .........................................................................98Ending Entity Selection ....................................................................98Unselecting Entities ..........................................................................99

Setting Attributes ..................................................................................99Setting Attributes for New Entities ......................................................100

Changing Entity Attributes ..................................................................103

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Setting/Changing Color ..................................................................104

Mastercam Levels and the Main Level ................................................105

Setting Z Depth ....................................................................................105

Working in 2D and 3D Mode ...............................................................105

Changing the Graphics Window Display...........................................106Zooming ...............................................................................................107

Using Viewsheets .................................................................................109

Setting Viewports .................................................................................110

Setting Views/Planes/WCS ................................................................111Standard Views.....................................................................................112

Using Gview/Planes/WCS Status Bar Options ....................................114Setting the Tplane Different from the Cplane ................................117

Using the Dynamic Gnomon ...............................................................118Setting a Dynamic Plane .................................................................119

Work Coordinate Systems....................................................................120Coordinate Systems and Machine Definitions ...............................120Displaying Coordinate Information ...............................................121Displaying Coordinate Axes ............................................................122Understanding the Top View/WCS Relationship ...........................122

Managing Views ...................................................................................123Using View Manager Right–Click Menu Options ...........................124Measuring View Origins ..................................................................125Changing View Origins ....................................................................127Creating Views from Selected Entities ............................................129Creating Views by Rotating .............................................................130Creating Views from Normals .........................................................131

Using WCS and Tplanes to Set Up Toolpaths .....................................132General Guidelines ..........................................................................132Horizontal Machining Center/Tombstoning .................................133Moving the Coordinate System to the Part (Machining Flat) ..............................................................................133Machining Two Parts on Different Fixtures ...................................134

Lathe Coordinate Systems ...................................................................135Lathe Tool and Machine Definitions ..............................................135Rotating Lathe Tool Axes ................................................................135

VII

Lathe Cplanes .................................................................................136Vertical Turret Lathes .....................................................................137

Editing Your Work ................................................................................137Undo/Redo ..........................................................................................138

Delete/Undelete ..................................................................................139Deleting Duplicate Entities .............................................................139Delete Duplicates (simple) .............................................................139Delete Duplicates (advanced) ........................................................140Delete Entity ...................................................................................140Undeleting Entities .........................................................................141

Working with Levels............................................................................142Setting the Main Level .........................................................................142

Filtering Levels in the Level Manager ..................................................143

Using the Level Manager Right–Click Menu .......................................144

Creating Level Sets...............................................................................144

Reusing Level Names (Save/Get) ........................................................145

Power User Tips ..................................................................................146Drafting ................................................................................................146

Drafting Dimensions ......................................................................146Smart Drafting Dimensions ............................................................147Baseline, Chained, and Ordinate Dimensions ...............................148Working with Ordinate Dimensions ...............................................150Non-Dimensioned Drafting Entities ..............................................153Associating Drafting Entities with Geometry .................................156Defining Drafting Options ..............................................................159

Hiding Entities .....................................................................................160

Blanking Entities..................................................................................160

Copying Entities...................................................................................161

3. Creating Geometry ........................................................................164

Using the Sketcher Toolbar ................................................................165Phantom, Live, and Fixed Entities .......................................................166

Working with “Live” Entities ...............................................................166

Using the Relative Position Ribbon Bar ..............................................167

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Creating Points .....................................................................................168Create Point Position ...........................................................................169

Create Point Dynamic..........................................................................169

Create Point Node Points.....................................................................170

Create Point Segment ..........................................................................170

Create Point Endpoints........................................................................171

Create Point Small Arcs........................................................................171

Creating Lines.......................................................................................172Create Line Endpoint ...........................................................................172

Creating Angular and Polar Lines ...................................................173Creating Horizontal and Vertical Lines ..........................................173Creating Multiple Lines ...................................................................173Create Tangent Lines ......................................................................174

Create Line Closest ..............................................................................174

Create Line Bisect ................................................................................174

Create Line Perpendicular ...................................................................175

Create Line Parallel ..............................................................................176

Create Line Tangent Through Point ....................................................177

Creating Arcs and Circles ...................................................................177Create Circle Center Point ...................................................................178

Create Arc Polar ...................................................................................178

Create Circle Edge Point ......................................................................179

Create Arc Endpoints ...........................................................................180

Create Arc 3 Points ...............................................................................180

Create Arc Polar Endpoints..................................................................181

Create Arc Tangent ..............................................................................181

Guidelines for Creating Arcs Tangent to Entities ................................182

Creating Miscellaneous Shapes .........................................................182Create Rectangle ..................................................................................184

Create Rectangular Shapes ..................................................................184Base Point Method ..........................................................................185

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2-Point Method ...............................................................................186

Create Polygon.....................................................................................186

Create Ellipse .......................................................................................187

Create Bounding Box ...........................................................................187

Create Letters.......................................................................................190Mastercam Fonts ............................................................................190TrueType Fonts ...............................................................................191

Create Spiral.........................................................................................191

Create Helix .........................................................................................193

Create Turn Profile ..............................................................................193

Create Silhouette Boundary ................................................................195

Create Relief Groove ............................................................................196

Create Bolt Circle .................................................................................198

Create Stair Geometry .........................................................................198Tips for Routing Stair Stringers .......................................................201

Create Door Geometry.........................................................................202

Creating Fillets and Chamfers ............................................................206Fillet Entities ........................................................................................206

Fillet Chains .........................................................................................207

Chamfer Entities ..................................................................................207

Chamfer Chains ...................................................................................208

Creating Splines ...................................................................................208Create Manual Spline ..........................................................................209

Create Automatic Spline......................................................................210

Using the Spline End Conditions Ribbon Bar .....................................210

Create Curves Spline............................................................................211

Create Blended Spline .........................................................................212

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Creating Curves....................................................................................212Create Curve on One Edge ...................................................................213

Create Curve on All Edges ....................................................................214

Create Constant Parameter Curve .......................................................214

Create Flowline Curve..........................................................................215

Create Dynamic Curve.........................................................................215

Create Curve Slice ................................................................................216

Create Surface Curve ...........................................................................216

Create Part Line Curve .........................................................................216

Create Curve at Intersection ................................................................217

Creating Primitives...............................................................................218Guidelines for Working with Primitives...............................................219

Create Block .........................................................................................219

Create Cone..........................................................................................220

Create Cylinder ....................................................................................222

Create Sphere .......................................................................................223

Create Torus.........................................................................................223

Creating Autosynced Rails..................................................................224

4. Modifying Geometry .....................................................................227

Editing Entities......................................................................................227Trim/Break Submenu ..........................................................................227

Trim/Break/Extend .........................................................................228Trim Many .......................................................................................232Break Two Pieces ............................................................................233Break at Intersection .......................................................................233Break Many Pieces ..........................................................................233Break Drafting into Lines ................................................................234Break Circles ....................................................................................234Close Arc ..........................................................................................234

Edit Menu.............................................................................................234Join Entities .....................................................................................235Modify Spline ..................................................................................235Convert NURBS ...............................................................................235

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Simplify ...........................................................................................236Set Normal ......................................................................................236Change Normal ...............................................................................237

Transforming Entities (Xform) ............................................................237Assigning New Attributes to Transformed Entities .............................239

Translate ..............................................................................................239

Translate 3D.........................................................................................241

Mirror...................................................................................................243

Rotate ...................................................................................................244

Scale .....................................................................................................246

Dynamic Xform....................................................................................247Translate XYZ/Polar ........................................................................248Translate Along ...............................................................................249Xform Rotate ...................................................................................250Xform Align .....................................................................................250

Move to Origin .....................................................................................251

Offset....................................................................................................251

Offset Contour .....................................................................................252

Project ..................................................................................................254

Rectangular Array ................................................................................256

Roll .......................................................................................................257

Drag......................................................................................................259

Stretch ..................................................................................................259Stretching Entities ...........................................................................260

Xform STL ............................................................................................261

Xform Geometry Nesting.....................................................................262

Analyzing Entities ................................................................................263Analyze Entity Properties ....................................................................264

Analyze Position ..................................................................................266

Analyze Distance .................................................................................267

Area/Volume Submenu .......................................................................268Analyze 2D Area ..............................................................................268Analyze Surface Area ......................................................................268

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Analyze Solid Properties .................................................................269

Analyze Chain ......................................................................................269

Analyze Contour ..................................................................................271

Analyze Angle .......................................................................................272

Analyze Dynamic .................................................................................273

Number/Database Submenu ..............................................................274Analyze Number .............................................................................275Analyze Database ............................................................................275

Test Surfaces and Solids Submenu ......................................................276Analyze Test Surfaces ......................................................................276Analyze Check Solids ......................................................................277

Changing Entity Attributes ..................................................................278

5. Working with Surfaces and Solids .......................................280

Displaying Surfaces and Solids ..........................................................280Shading Settings...................................................................................282

Entity Selection ...............................................................................282Colors ..............................................................................................283Parameters ......................................................................................284Lighting ...........................................................................................284

Surface Creation...................................................................................286Surface Representation........................................................................287

Maximum Surface Deviation ...............................................................287

Base Surface .........................................................................................288

Surface Display ....................................................................................288Surface Drawing Density ................................................................289Highlighting Surface Backs .............................................................289

Creating Ruled or Lofted Surfaces .......................................................289

Creating Revolved Surfaces .................................................................291

Creating Offset Surfaces.......................................................................291

Creating Swept Surfaces ......................................................................292

Creating Net Surfaces ..........................................................................293

XIII

Guidelines for Creating Net Surfaces .............................................294

Creating Fence Surfaces ......................................................................295

Creating Draft Surfaces........................................................................295

Creating Extruded Surfaces .................................................................297

Filleting Surfaces .................................................................................298Fillet Surfaces to Surfaces ...............................................................298Fillet Surfaces to Curves .................................................................300Fillet Surfaces to a Plane .................................................................300

Trimming Surfaces ..............................................................................302Trimming Surfaces to Surfaces .......................................................302Trimming Surfaces to Curves .........................................................303Trimming Surfaces to a Plane .........................................................303

Extending Trimmed Surface Edges .....................................................304

Extending Surfaces ..............................................................................304

Creating a Surface from a Solid Face...................................................305

Creating a Surface from a Flat Boundary ............................................306

Filling Holes with Surfaces ..................................................................307Guidelines for Filling Holes in a Trimmed Surface ........................307

Removing Boundaries from Trimmed Surfaces..................................309

Splitting Surfaces .................................................................................309

Untrimming Surfaces ..........................................................................310

Blending Surfaces ................................................................................310Creating Two-surface and Three-surface Blends ...........................310Creating a Three-fillet Blend ..........................................................312

Solids ....................................................................................................313Creating a Solid Model: Process Overview ..........................................314

Solids Associativity ..............................................................................315

Selecting Solids ....................................................................................317

Combining Solid Operations ...............................................................318

Working with Solid Functions .............................................................319Solid Extrude ...................................................................................319Solid Revolve ...................................................................................321Solid Sweep .....................................................................................323Solid Loft .........................................................................................324

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Solid Fillet ........................................................................................325Solid Face-Face Fillet ......................................................................326Chamfer Functions .........................................................................328Solid Shell ........................................................................................330Solid Trim ........................................................................................331Solid Thicken ...................................................................................331Remove Solid Faces .........................................................................332Draft Solid Faces .............................................................................333Boolean Operations ........................................................................337Solid Find Features .........................................................................338Solid From Surfaces ........................................................................340Layout ..............................................................................................341

Solids Manager.....................................................................................345

Checking Solid Models ........................................................................346Suppress Solid Operations ..............................................................346Roll Back a Solid ..............................................................................347

Viewing and Naming Solid Models......................................................348Rename Solids and Solid Operations .............................................348Highlight Solid Operations .............................................................348Identify a Solid Operation Based on its Geometry .........................349Expand and Contract Solid Operation Details ...............................349

Editing Solid Models ............................................................................350Edit Solid Parameters ......................................................................350Edit Solid Geometry ........................................................................351Edit Solid Attributes ........................................................................352Delete Solids and Solid Operations ................................................353Regenerate Solids ............................................................................353Duplicate Solids ..............................................................................354Change the Order of Solid Operations ............................................354

6. Working with Toolpath Operations .......................................357

Mastercam Machining Workflow .....................................................359

Choosing a Machine Definition...........................................................360

Opening/Importing/Merging Part Files...............................................361Using Open Dialog Box Options ..........................................................362

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Units of Measure (English/Metric) .................................................364Previewing a File .............................................................................364

Using the Places Bar ............................................................................364

Opening and Importing Files ..............................................................365

Merging Pattern Files...........................................................................367

Creating Machine Groups ...................................................................369Renaming Machine Groups and Toolpath Groups .............................371

Editing Machine Group Properties......................................................371Files Tab ..........................................................................................372Tool Settings Tab ............................................................................375Stock Setup Tab ..............................................................................380Safety Zone Tab ..............................................................................384

Toolpath Chaining ................................................................................386Chaining Wireframe Geometry ...........................................................387

Chain Feature .................................................................................389Wireframe Chaining Tips ................................................................390

Chaining Solids ....................................................................................391

Working with Open and Closed Chains ..............................................392

Chaining Direction ..............................................................................393

Synchronizing Chains..........................................................................393

Editing Toolpath Chains......................................................................395Chain Manager Right–Click Menu Options ...................................396Dynamic Chaining ..........................................................................399

Selecting Tools.....................................................................................403Working with the Tool Selection Dialog Box ..................................406

Using the Toolpath Parameters Right-Click Menu ...........................407

Editing Toolpath Defaults ....................................................................409Creating and Using Machine-Specific .DEFAULTS Files ....................413

Working with HST defaults..................................................................415Configuring How Mastercam Applies HST Defaults ......................416Surface HST Default Formula Files ................................................418

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Managing Toolpath Operations ..........................................................422Using the Insert Arrow .........................................................................424

Using Toolpath Manager Icons ...........................................................427

Displaying Toolpaths ...........................................................................431

Guidelines for Working with Operations .............................................432

Multi-Threaded Toolpath Processing .................................................433Working with the Multi-Threading Manager .................................435Configuration Options ....................................................................437

Editing Operations................................................................................438Using the Toolpath Editor ...................................................................438

Guidelines for Editing Toolpaths ....................................................439Editing a Toolpath Point .................................................................440Adding a Point to a Toolpath ..........................................................441Moving a Point in a Toolpath ..........................................................442Deleting a Toolpath Section ...........................................................442

Editing Selected Operations ................................................................443Editing Common Parameters .........................................................443Changing the NC File Name ...........................................................446Changing Program Numbers ..........................................................447Renumbering Tools .........................................................................447Renumbering Work Offsets .............................................................448Reversing Toolpaths ........................................................................449Recalculating Feeds/Speeds ...........................................................449

Backplotting Operations ......................................................................449

Verifying Operations ............................................................................453Running the Verification .................................................................454Configuring Verification Parameters ..............................................456Tool Simulation During Verification ..............................................457Using STL Comparison ...................................................................458

Post Processing ...................................................................................460Post Processors and Control/Machine Definitions ........................460About PST files ................................................................................461About NCI Files ...............................................................................462Post Processing Toolpath Operations .............................................464

XVII

Power User Tips ..................................................................................465Batch Processing Toolpath Operations ...............................................465

Selecting Files for Batch Processing ...............................................466Selecting Operations from a Batch File ..........................................466Selecting Batch Operations from Mastercam Files ........................467Tagging Operations for Batch Processing ......................................467Running Batch Jobs ........................................................................467Reviewing Batch Processing Log Files ............................................468

Importing Operations..........................................................................468Guidelines for Importing Toolpath Operations .............................469

Exporting Operations ..........................................................................469

Transforming Operations ....................................................................469Selecting Operations to Transform ................................................471Choosing Transformation Types ....................................................472Organizing Transform Operations .................................................472Associating Work Offsets ................................................................472

Trimming Toolpaths............................................................................473Tips for Trimming Toolpaths .........................................................474

7. Toolpath Types................................................................................475

Mill and Router Toolpaths...................................................................475Feature Based Machining (FBM).........................................................477

FBM Drill .........................................................................................479FBM Mill .........................................................................................482

2D High Speed Toolpaths ...................................................................4852D High Speed Dynamic Mill .........................................................4852D High Speed Core Mill ................................................................4872D High Speed Peel Mill .................................................................4882D High Speed Blend Mill ...............................................................4902D High Speed Area Mill .................................................................4902D High Speed Rest Mill .................................................................491

Contour Toolpaths...............................................................................492Chaining Contour Toolpaths ..........................................................493Chamfer Contour Toolpaths ..........................................................494Ramp Contour Toolpaths ..............................................................494

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Remachining Contour Toolpaths: ..................................................495Oscillating Contour Toolpaths ........................................................496Onion Skin Contour Toolpaths: ......................................................496Creating Tabs for Contour Toolpaths .............................................497Editing Tabs ....................................................................................499

Circle Toolpaths ...................................................................................500Circle Mill Toolpaths .......................................................................501Helix Bore Toolpaths .......................................................................502Slot mill Toolpaths ..........................................................................503Thread Mill Toolpaths .....................................................................503

Drill Toolpaths .....................................................................................505Choosing a Drill Cycle .....................................................................506Selecting Drill Points .......................................................................508Sorting Drill Points ..........................................................................509Editing Drill Points ..........................................................................510Customizing Drilling Operations ....................................................511Automatic Drilling ...........................................................................512

Pocket Toolpaths .................................................................................514

Wireframe Toolpaths ...........................................................................516Ruled Toolpaths ..............................................................................517Lofted Toolpaths .............................................................................518Revolved Toolpaths .........................................................................518Coons Patch Toolpaths ...................................................................519Swept 2D Toolpaths ........................................................................520Swept 3D Toolpaths ........................................................................520

Specialized Toolpaths ..........................................................................521Face Toolpaths ................................................................................521Point Toolpaths ...............................................................................522Manual Entry Operations ...............................................................523

Additional Router Toolpaths ...............................................................523Saw Toolpaths ......................................................................................524

Block Drilling Toolpaths ......................................................................526Filtering Drilling Points by Depth ...................................................528Drilling Blind Holes with the Block Drilling Toolpath ....................529

Working with Aggregate Heads............................................................532

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Surface Toolpaths ................................................................................533Standard Surface Toolpaths ................................................................535

Surface Rough and Finish Parallel Toolpaths ................................536Surface Rough and Finish Radial Toolpaths ..................................536Surface Rough and Finish Project Toolpaths .................................537Surface Rough and Finish Flowline Toolpaths ...............................537Surface Rough and Finish Contour toolpaths ................................537Surface Rough Restmill Toolpaths .................................................538Surface Rough Pocket Toolpaths ....................................................539Surface Rough Plunge Toolpaths ...................................................540Surface Finish Parallel Steep Toolpaths .........................................540Surface Finish Shallow Toolpaths ..................................................541Surface Finish Pencil Toolpaths .....................................................542Surface Finish Leftover Toolpaths ..................................................542Surface Finish Blend Toolpaths ......................................................543Surface Finish Scallop Toolpaths ...................................................543

Surface High Speed Toolpaths ............................................................547Answers to Surface High Speed Toolpath FAQs .............................548Types of High Speed Toolpaths ......................................................549Creating Surface High Speed Toolpaths .........................................568Creating Cutting Passes ..................................................................576Using the Transitions Pages ...........................................................595Linking the Cutting Passes ..............................................................605Setting Other Parameters ...............................................................614

Multiaxis Toolpaths .............................................................................628Standard Multiaxis Toolpaths .............................................................628

Selecting Geometry for 5-axis Toolpaths ........................................6295-axis Curve Toolpaths ...................................................................6315-axis Drill Toolpaths ......................................................................6325-axis Swarf Toolpaths ....................................................................6335-axis Multisurface Toolpaths ........................................................6345-axis Flowline Toolpaths ...............................................................6355-axis Port Toolpaths ......................................................................6364-axis Rotary Toolpaths ..................................................................6375-axis Circle Mill Toolpaths ............................................................638

Advanced Multiaxis Toolpaths ............................................................639

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Advanced Interface and Customized Interfaces .............................639Creating an Advanced Multiaxis Toolpath .....................................644Advanced Multiaxis Parameter Tabs ..............................................646

Lathe Toolpaths....................................................................................693General Turning Toolpaths..................................................................694

Lathe Face Toolpaths ......................................................................694Lathe Rough Toolpaths ...................................................................695Lathe Finish Toolpaths ...................................................................696Lathe Groove Toolpaths ..................................................................697Lathe Drill Toolpaths ......................................................................699Manual Entry ...................................................................................701Lathe Point Toolpaths .....................................................................702Lathe Thread Toolpaths ..................................................................703Cutoff Toolpaths .............................................................................705Quick and Canned Toolpaths .........................................................706Adding to a Chained Contour (Mastercam Lathe) .........................708

Mill/Turn Toolpaths ............................................................................709C-axis Contour Toolpath Types ......................................................709C-axis Drill Toolpath Types ............................................................709C-axis Contour Toolpaths ...............................................................710C-axis Drill Toolpaths .....................................................................712Using the CView Utility ...................................................................713

Miscellaneous Operations ...................................................................715Stock Transfer Operations ..............................................................716Stock Advance Operations ..............................................................717Stock Flip Operations ......................................................................718Chuck Operations ...........................................................................719Tailstock Operations .......................................................................720Steady Rest Operations ...................................................................721

Nesting and Engraving Toolpaths ......................................................722Nesting Toolpaths ................................................................................723

Nesting Tips and Guidelines................................................................724

Engraving Toolpaths ............................................................................725

Engraving Tips and Guidelines............................................................726

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8. Machine and Control Definitions ...........................................729

Introducing Machine and Control Definitions ...................................729Machine Definitions and Machine Groups.........................................730

Machine Definition Components .......................................................733

Control Definition Functions ..............................................................735Post Processor Sections ..................................................................737

Differences in Machine Group (local) and Disk (master) Copies ....................................................................738

Working with Machine Definitions ....................................................739Using the Machine Definition Manager..............................................740

Editing the Local or Master Copy ...................................................742Machine Definition Requirements .................................................744

Configuring Start-up/Default Machine Definitions ...........................747Loading Machine Definitions On Startup ......................................747Overriding the Default Machine Definition ...................................748Using Mastercam Command Line Switches ..................................749Using System-level Default Machine Definitions ..........................750

Replacing the Machine Definition ......................................................751

Selecting a Different .CONTROL File ..................................................754

Selecting a Different Post Processor....................................................756

Locking Machine and Control Definitions..........................................761

Working with Control Definitions.......................................................763Using the Control Definition Manager................................................763

Editing the Local or Master Copy ...................................................765Editing Post Text .............................................................................768Editing Miscellaneous Values .........................................................775Adding Posts ...................................................................................775

Control Definition Properties..............................................................783Tolerances .......................................................................................784Communications ............................................................................784Files .................................................................................................785NC Dialog ........................................................................................786NC Output .......................................................................................787Miscellaneous Integer/Real Values ................................................789Work System ...................................................................................790

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Tool .................................................................................................791Linear ..............................................................................................793Arc ...................................................................................................794Rotary ..............................................................................................795Feed .................................................................................................796Cutter Compensation .....................................................................797Machine Cycles ...............................................................................798Drill Cycles ......................................................................................799Subprograms ...................................................................................802Operation Defaults ..........................................................................803Text ..................................................................................................804

9. Customizing and Configuring Mastercam X .....................809

Customizing Your Workspace.............................................................809Customizing Toolbar Settings .............................................................810

Opening, Saving, and Resetting Toolbar Files .....................................814

Customizing Toolbar Functions ..........................................................814Drag and Drop Visual Cues .............................................................816Adding Functions and Toolbars .....................................................816Moving Toolbar Functions .............................................................817Deleting Toolbar Functions ............................................................817Renaming and Deleting Toolbars ...................................................817

Customizing Drop-down Menus .........................................................818Creating Drop-down Menus ...........................................................821Renaming Drop-down Menus ........................................................822Deleting Drop-down Menus ...........................................................822Adding Drop-down Menu Functions .............................................823Moving Menu Functions .................................................................823Deleting Menu Functions ...............................................................823Adding Drop-down Menus to Toolbars ..........................................824Adding Submenus to Drop-down Menus .......................................824Customizing the Right-Mouse Button Menu .................................826

Adding Separators to Toolbars/Menus ...............................................827

Creating and Saving Toolbar States .....................................................828Hiding/Showing Toolbars ...............................................................829

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Using the Toolbar Right–Click Menu .............................................832

Mapping Customized Keyboard Shortcuts .........................................833Opening, Saving, and Resetting Key Mapping Files .......................834Adding or Modifying Shortcut Assignments ..................................834Removing Shortcut Assignments ...................................................835

Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences ..............................836Configuring Mastercam X....................................................................836

Managing Configuration Files .............................................................837Setting Default Values .....................................................................837Analyze ............................................................................................839Backplot ..........................................................................................840CAD Settings ...................................................................................841Chaining ..........................................................................................842Colors ..............................................................................................843Communications ............................................................................844Converters .......................................................................................845Default Machines ............................................................................846Dimensions and Notes ...................................................................848Files .................................................................................................853Post Dialog Defaults .......................................................................856Printing ...........................................................................................857Screen ..............................................................................................858Shading ...........................................................................................862Solids ...............................................................................................863Start/Exit .........................................................................................864Tolerances .......................................................................................866Toolpaths ........................................................................................868Toolpath Manager ..........................................................................869Verify Interface ................................................................................872Wire Backplot ..................................................................................875

Merging Configuration Files................................................................876

Index ....................................................................................................879

XXIV • REFERENCE GUIDE

chapter 1

Introduction to Mastercam XThis chapter covers the following topics:

Mastercam Startup and Resources . . . . . . . . . . page 1

Getting Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 4

The Mastercam Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 11

Mastercam Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 39

The Role of Machine and Control Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 53

Opening and Translating Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 56

Project Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 61

Printing and Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 65

File Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 67

Change Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 71

Welcome to Mastercam X! Mastercam X is a powerful CAD/CAM application you use to design parts and create complete machining operations. To help you make the most of Mastercam X, use this guide to:

Get a basic orientation to the interface and functions.

Understand the fundamentals of using Mastercam to design and cut parts.

Customize and configure Mastercam for optimum efficiency.

Power User Tips, located at the end the “Drawing and Design Basics” and “Working with Toolpath Operations” chapters, go beyond the basics and introduce you to using advanced Mastercam features.

Mastercam Startup and ResourcesThis document assumes that you have successfully installed Mastercam X, have completed the necessary post-installation procedures, and are ready to begin using Mastercam to design and machine parts.

2 • MASTERCAM X4/ Reference Guide

Note: For information on installing Mastercam (including using Mastercam Launcher to set the startup options for a particular seat of Mastercam), see the Mastercam X4 Installation Guide included with your software, or contact your local Reseller.

In this section, you will learn about:

Starting up Mastercam

Troubleshooting HASP and NetHASP issues (page 3)

IMPORTANT: If you have upgraded from a previous Mastercam version, see the Mastercam X4 Transition Guide for important information on converting Mastercam files, libraries, and post processors.

Although you access Mastercam from a single executable, it is actually a customized suite of modular products, each of which is optimized for a specific type of machining. The Mastercam family of products includes Mastercam Design®, Mastercam Mill®, Mastercam Router®, Mastercam Lathe®, Mastercam Art®, and Mastercam Wire®. Separate add-on modules are available for Mastercam Solids®, Mastercam Nesting®, and Mastercam Engraving®.

Note: This document does not include information on Mastercam Wire and Mastercam Art. For more information, see the PDF documents in the \Documentation directory of your Mastercam installation, or contact your Authorized Mastercam Reseller.

To start Mastercam:1 Double–click the Mastercam icon on your Windows®

Desktop.

Or, select Mastercam from the Windows Program menu. By default, Mastercam starts up in the Design application.

2 To open a machine-specific Mastercam product, such as Mill, Router, Lathe, or Wire, select a machine definition from the Machine Type menu.

Note: You can also switch between Mastercam products by choosing certain functions from the drop-down menus or toolbars, or by selecting an operation from the Toolpath Manager.

INTRODUCTION TO MASTERCAM X / Mastercam Startup and Resources • 3

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Mastercam’s Event LoggingWhen you start Mastercam, the Mastercam event logger also starts. This utility keeps a log of events that include error messages and executed functions, as well as timing information, part names, and more.
The event logger runs independently of Mastercam, which means that if Mastercam closes suddenly due to an unexpected error, the event log remains accessible. You can then examine the log to discover what happened. The event logger’s icon appears in your Taskbar Tray, as shown in the picture below. To view the current log, double-click the Mastercam event log icon.

By default, Mastercam directs error messages to both the screen (in the form of message dialogs) and to the event log. To avoid having Mastercam functions interrupted by error dialogs, set the Report toolpaths error messages option to Log file only. You can find this option on the Screen page of the System Configuration dialog box.

Note: Toolpath Batch mode handles logs using the Log file only option, regardless of the configuration setting.

Mastercam stores event-log contents in the Event logs directory of your Mastercam installation. These data files are in XML format.

The event logger can track multiple concurrent Mastercam instances. If for some reason an instance of the event logger does not close properly, you can close it manually with the Exit option. To do this, right-click the event logger's icon in your Windows Taskbar Tray, and choose Exit from the menu that displays.

Learning about HASP and NetHASPMastercam uses two types of licensing: single-user licensing and network licensing. A single-user license requires a special piece of hardware called a HASP (sometimes called a dongle or SIM) attached to the parallel or USB port on your computer. If you


receive the following message when starting Mastercam, this component is either missing or not configured properly:

Network licensing requires a NetHASP to be installed on a computer on your network. If any of the following messages display when starting Mastercam, contact your network administrator for assistance:

Error checking out a [Mastercam product name] license. No licenses have been purchased for this product.

Active NetHASP server not found.

All available licenses are in use.

Getting HelpMastercam includes several sources of documentation and support to help you put it to use quickly and effectively. Because Mastercam is so widely used in manufacturing, additional resources are available through your Reseller and on the Internet. Topics in this section include:

Using Mastercam Help (page 4)

Mastercam X Documentation (page 7)

Additional Training (page 9)

Mastercam Support and Services (page 10)

Using Mastercam HelpMastercam X provides you with comprehensive context-sensitive Help that is always just one click away. This embedded, compiled HTML Help system is located in the Mastercam \Help directory. You can access it from any dialog box or ribbon bar, and from the Mastercam Help menu.

To open Help to its default topic, choose Help, Contents from the Mastercam menu, or press [Alt+H].

To open context-sensitive help for any dialog box or ribbon bar, click the

Help button to open a related help topic.

Refer to the Mastercam X4 Installation Guide or contact your local Reseller for assistance.

INTRODUCTION TO MASTERCAM X / Getting Help • 5

11
Tabbed dialogs deliver help on dialog boxes and ribbon bars. The “About this...” tab provides an overview of the function and may include guidelines for its use. This tab also lists any shortcut keys you can use and offers links to related topics.
Click the How do I get here? link to display drop-down text that provides navigational information.

Figure 1-1: Example: Compressed How do I get here?

Figure 1-2: Example: Expanded How do I get here?

TIP: Click any green text in Help topics to display additional information.


Click the See field/button definitions tab to access definitions for all of the dialog box fields or ribbon bar buttons.

Note: When you move the cursor over the tab the color changes to red indicating that you can click it to access more information.

The definitions tab provides links to pop-up topics of all of the dialog box or ribbon bar controls. Click a link to display the selected field/ribbon bar definition.

Many topics include links to videos you run to learn more about a function.


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The Help topic Mastercam video tips includes a link to all videos included in Help.
Most topics provide drop-down menus of related topics. Hover the mouse over the menu to view the links. Then click to select a topic.

At the bottom of every topic, we provide an e-mail link you can use to contact CNC Software Technical Documentation for feedback on our product documentation.

Use this link to tell us about the kind of information you need, and about your experiences with using our Help and print documentation. We look forward to hearing from you!

Mastercam X DocumentationThe \Documentation folder in your Mastercam installation includes a suite of documentation tools, training videos, and other resources you can use to make the most of your Mastercam experience. These publications and videos are designed to get you up and running quickly, and to provide ongoing education and support as you work with basic and advanced features.

In addition to a PDF version of the document you are currently reading, here are just some of the materials you will find your Mastercam X \Documentation folder.

What’s New in Mastercam X4 (printed document and PDF): Outlines the new features in each product level of Mastercam X4. Also includes short tutorials to let you try out some of the new functionality


Mastercam X4 Quick Start (printed document and PDF): Designed to get you up and running—quickly, effectively, and efficiently. Use the Quick Start to get a basic orientation to the interface and functions, to customize and configure Mastercam X4 for optimum efficiency, and to understand the fundamentals of using Mastercam X4 to design and cut parts.

Mastercam X4 Installation Guide (printed document and PDF): Provides instructions for installing Mastercam X.

Mastercam X4 Quick Reference card (printed document and PDF): Provides a graphical summary of Mastercam X key features and functions.

Mastercam X4 Transition Guide (PDF): Assists Mastercam Version 9 users with the process of migrating their settings, libraries, and parts to Mastercam X, and provides guidelines for Mastercam X users who are updating to Mastercam X4.

Mastercam Version 9 to X Function Map (PDF): Maps all functions available in Mastercam Version 9 to a Mastercam X equivalent.

Mastercam X4 Wire Getting Started Guide (PDF): Provides information on how to get started with Mastercam X Wire, including discussions about wire geometry, machine and control definitions, and the many supported wire toolpaths.

Notes:

• You must install Adobe® Reader® (version 6.0 or higher) before you can view or print PDF documentation.

• All PDF documents are available from the Mastercam \Documentation directory.

To view a PDF document: 1 Use Windows Explorer to navigate to your Mastercam \Documentation

folder, and then double–click a PDF file in the file list. This automatically opens the Adobe Acrobat Reader to display the document.

2 To navigate through the document, use the bookmark list in the leftmost pane of the Reader window, or use the Search functions.

3 To view information, scroll through the pages using the mouse wheel or the scroll bar on the right side of the Reader window.


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TIP: For quick access to the Mastercam X4 Reference Guide, choose Help, Reference Guide from the Mastercam menu.
You can view PDF documents in different page layouts. This affects how some Reader functions work, and also affects links in the PDF document. To change the layout, choose View, Page Layout and one of the following options:

Single Page—Displays all the text on a page of the PDF document (with the exception of graphics or text that is part of a graphic).

Continuous—Arranges the pages in a continuous vertical column.

Facing—Arranges pages side by side in a one or two page layout.

Continuous-Facing—Arranges the pages side by side, with the first page displayed on the right.

PDF Guidelines

Embedded links in the document are indicated when the hand icon changes to a pointer as you move the cursor over text that contains a link.

You can expand and collapse the Bookmark list. To expand a bookmark (show subtopics), click on its plus symbol (+). To collapse it (hide subtopics), click the minus symbol (–).

If the Reader toolbar does not appear, press the [F8] key to display it.

To search for a word or phrase, click the binocular icon to begin a search.

Note: For more information on working with PDFs, refer to the Reader Help.

Additional TrainingAdditional Mastercam training is available from a variety of sources, including your Mastercam Reseller and CNC Software, Inc. Two options are listed below:

Mastercam University: CNC Software sponsors Mastercam University, an affordable online learning platform that gives you 24/7 access to Mastercam training materials. Take advantage of more than 180 videos to master your skills at your own pace and help prepare yourself for Mastercam Certification. For more information on Mastercam University, please contact your Authorized Mastercam Reseller, visit www.mastercam.com, or email [email protected].

http://www.emastercam.com


Getting Started Tutorial Series: The Getting Started Tutorial Series is a set of books and videos designed to introduce new users to Mastercam. The tutorials are best used in sequence, but they can also be used independently. For more information, please contact your Authorized Mastercam Reseller.

Mastercam Support and ServicesUse the following websites to find information on Mastercam:

For assistance with installing Mastercam, its SIM HASP or NetHASP, or to obtain more information on using Mastercam, contact your local Mastercam Reseller. If your Reseller is unavailable, you can call CNC Technical Support Services Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m.–5:30 p.m., USA Eastern Standard Time.

When calling CNC Software for technical support, please follow these guidelines:

Be sure you have already tried to contact your Mastercam Reseller.

Provide the serial number of your SIM HASP or NetHASP.

Be ready to describe the problem in detail. Write down what happened, particularly if you cannot call immediately after the problem occurs.

Be in front of your computer when you call.

If possible, try to duplicate the problem before calling. Our Support Services technician may require you to duplicate the problem while you are on the phone.

When you call, have ready a complete description of your hardware, including your operating system (OS), central processing unit (CPU), graphics card and settings, and memory.

You can also leave a message for CNC Support Services twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week via our email or website addresses. When sending email, please include:

The serial number of your SIM HASP or NetHASP

Telephone number and contact information where you can be reached

Files required to reproduce an issue, such as .MCX and post files

www.emastercam.com Mastercam global user forum

www.mastercam.com CNC Software, Inc. corporate website

www.mastercamedu.com CNC Software, Inc. Educational Division website

http://www.emastercam.com

http://www.mastercam.com

http://www.mastercamedu.com

INTRODUCTION TO MASTERCAM X / The Mastercam Workspace • 11

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TIP: Use Mastercam’s Zip2Go utility to gather Mastercam part data into a compressed .Z2G file. This utility makes it easy to provide your Reseller or CNC Support Services with a file attachment that contains the information they need. Zip2Go scans the machine groups in your current part file and captures information such as your Mastercam configuration, machine definition, and post files. For more information on using Zip2Go, please refer to the Mastercam Help.
The Mastercam WorkspaceThe Mastercam workspace is your window into Mastercam features and functions. Nearly all of the workspace elements can be floated, docked, or repositioned in a customized setting you define. You can create multiple configurations and toolbar settings to support different workflows. These settings can be saved so that you can load them at any time during a Mastercam session. In this section, you will learn about:

Interface Elements and Concepts (page 12)

Drawing Elements and Concepts (page 33)

Machining Elements and Concepts (page 35)

Important Contact Information

Address CNC Software, Inc.671 Old Post RoadTolland, Connecticut, 06084-9970USA

Phone (860) 875-5006

Fax (860) 872-1565

FTP Address ftp://ftp.mastercam.com

Internet Address http://www.mastercam.com

email [email protected]

ftp://ftp.mastercam.com

http://www.mastercam.com

mailto:[email protected]


Figure 1-3: Mastercam workspace overview

Interface Elements and ConceptsHere you will learn about many of the interface elements identified in “Figure 1-3: Mastercam workspace overview” on page 12, and other interface concepts. Topics include:

Title bar AutoCursor ribbon bar

General Selection ribbon bar Toolbar

Function ribbon bar

Interactive prompt

Graphics windowMenu bar

Prompt area Status barToolpath, Solids, and Art Managers (Operations Manager pane)

Vertically docked tool bar and most recently used (MRU) function bar

Graphics Window (page 13) Status Bar (page 13)

Operations Manager (page 14) Toolbars (page 20)

Interactive Prompts (page 20) Dialog Boxes (page 21)

Ribbon Bars (page 23) Tool Tips (page 27)


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Graphics WindowThis is the main 3D workspace in Mastercam where you view, create, and modify geometry, drafting entities, and toolpaths.
Figure 1-4: Mastercam graphics window

Note: Mastercam is configured to display numeric data using a default Metric or Inch base unit of measure. Mastercam makes it easy to switch between these measurement systems whenever the part data requires the change. For more information, see “Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences” on page 836 and “Changing Units of Measure (Metric/Inch)” on page 57.

Status BarThe Status bar appears along the bottom of the Mastercam window. You use its functions to edit the current settings for entity colors, attributes, levels, and groups, and to define the view and orientation of entities in the graphics window.

Learning Mode (page 27) Right–Click Menus (page 27)

Shortcut Keys (page 29) Mastercam’s Calculator (page 29)


Figure 1-5: Mastercam Status bar

Note: You can also access Status bar functions from various Mastercam menus and toolbars.

To customize the Status bar by changing the order in which the fields appear or by removing options, click the Status bar configure option (!) to open the Customize Status bar dialog box.

TIP: Unless you select entities prior to making changes, changing attributes, views, and planes applies only to the entities and toolpaths you create; existing entities and toolpaths retain the attributes that were effective when they were created. Use the Status bar right–click menu and Analyze menu functions to change attributes associated with existing entities. For more information, see “Changing Entity Attributes” on page 278.

Operations Manager

The Operations Manager (shown below) houses the Toolpath Manager, Solids Manager, and Art Manager. Its default position is to the left of the graphics window.

Toolpath Manager—The Toolpaths tab is where you define setup parameters, such as file defaults, tool settings, stock setup, and safety zones. You also use this tab to view, organize, and edit machine groups, toolpath groups, and operations. A toolpath operation consolidates all the information needed to create a particular toolpath. For more information, see “Managing Toolpath Operations” on page 422.

Solids Manager—If Mastercam Solids is installed, when you work with a solid model, the Solids tab lists each solid in the current file. You can expand the tree structure of a solid to view its history (a list of the operations that were performed to construct the solid) and its toolpaths. For more information, see “Solids Manager” on page 345.

Art Manager—If your Mastercam installation includes Mastercam Art, the Art tab displays a history tree—a hierarchical representation of the Art base surface and surface operation elements that make up your Art model. It lists all Art base surfaces


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in the Art model and, for each Art base surface, lists all Art operations and their current status (clean, dirty, deleted).
TIPS:

• Select Help in the Operations Manager drop-down menu to access Help specific to the active tab (Toolpath Manager, Solids Manager, or Art Manager).

• Use standard Windows methods to resize the Operations Manager pane, the graphics window, or the entire Mastercam window, as necessary.

Showing and Hiding the Operations ManagerMastercam displays the Operations Manager by default. To hide it, choose View, Toggle Operations Manager. Then use the Toggle Operations Manager command to hide and display the Operations Manager as you work. You can also resize the width of the pane by clicking and dragging the right edge.

The display/hide and resize settings remain constant from session to session. If you hide the Operations Manager and close Mastercam, the next time you open Mastercam, the pane remains hidden. The Operations Manager also displays whichever tab was active last (Toolpath Manager, Solids Manager, or Art Manager).

Mastercam has the ability to auto-hide the Operations Manager during Backplot and Verify. You can control this behavior on the Screen page of System Configuration dialog box.

Note: When the mouse is over the Operations Manager, the Operations Manager becomes active. Moving the mouse to the graphics window activates that window and de-activates the Operations Manager.

Docking, re-sizing, and closing the Operations Manager

You can move the Operations Manager to a different location, resize its window, and close or re-open it whenever you want. By default, the Operations Manager is docked to the left side of the graphics window.

To dock it on the right side of the graphics window (shown below), grab its title bar and drag it to the right until it “snaps” into place.


You can also undock the Operations Manager, “float” (move) it around on your screen, place it wherever you want to, and re-size it. To re-locate the Operations Manager, click its title bar, drag it to the location you want, and drop it.

Relocating the Operations Manager is especially useful if you are working with a dual-monitor setup. Move the Operations Manager to the second monitor. This configuration leaves the entire graphics window free for drawing. Enlarge your Mastercam and Operations Manager windows for greater visibility.


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Below is an example of what the Operations Manager looks like when it has been undocked and re-sized.
You can close the Operations Manager by clicking the Close button in the upper right corner.

- Close button on docked Operations Manager

- Close button on undocked Operations Manager

Customizing the Operations ManagerIn the Operations Manager, you can customize the display of:

Background colors

Line colors

Font styles and colors

These options can be set differently for each tab (Toolpath Manager, Solids Manager, Art Manager).


You can do this by clicking the Options button (shown to the left) and using the Options drop-down menu as shown below:

Choose Background color to open the Windows Color dialog box where you can select a color as your new Operations Manager background color.


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Choose Line color to open the Windows Color dialog box where you can select a different color for the branch lines in the tree hierarchy.
Choose Font to open the Windows Font dialog box where you can change the font, its size, color, and style of the text in the Operations Manager.

Select Restore Default Attributes from the drop-down menu to restore the Operations Manager to its default display.


ToolbarsToolbars are collections of functions represented by icons. Drop-down arrows in the toolbar expand a list submenu of functions you can choose from.

Choose a function in the toolbar by clicking it. Mastercam provides a set of default toolbars to help you get started, but you can customize them to meet your unique needs. In the Settings, Customize function, you can choose to show, hide, or redefine toolbars, create completely new ones, and define a personalized right-mouse button menu that contains the functions you use most often. For more information, see “Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences” on page 836.

Interactive PromptsSome functions use interactive prompts. Prompts appear as small text boxes in the graphics window after you select a function. They guide you through the necessary actions required to complete the function.

For example, the following prompt appears when you choose the Endpoint function from the Create, Line menu:

After you select an endpoint in the graphics window, the first prompt is replaced with another instruction:

In this example, as you create additional lines, the prompts continue to appear in succession until you choose to exit the function.

TIPS:

• Drag a prompt to any position in the Mastercam window. Subsequent prompts appear in the new position.

• Change the size of the interactive prompt by scaling it up or down. To do this, position the cursor in the prompt, right–click, and choose Small, Medium, or Large.

• Change the color of the prompt’s text or background. Choose Text color or Background color from the prompt’s right–click menu. Then select a new color from the Colors dialog box.


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Dialog BoxesDialog boxes appear when you must enter information to complete a selected function. Many dialog boxes allow you to interact with the graphics window. For example, you can enter values in the dialog box fields by temporarily returning to the graphics window and selecting a position, entity, or toolpath.
Choose OK to save parameters, close a dialog box, and exit the

function.

Choose Cancel to exit the dialog box and function without saving

parameters.

Tree Style Dialog BoxesMost Mastercam toolpath dialog boxes offer a tree style interface made up of three distinct areas: Tree View, Properties Page, and Quick View Settings.

Figure 1-6: Tree style dialog box

Tree View—Displays all of the available dialog box property pages. The list of pages depends on the type of toolpath/wirepath you choose.

Properties Page—Changes with each choice you make in the Tree View area. Toolpath and wirepath dialog boxes will have many similar pages.

Tree View area Properties page area

Quick View Settings area


Quick View Settings—Summarizes key toolpath/wirepath information from parameters you set on the different pages. It updates automatically as you make changes in the pages, and is always visible.

Tabbed Dialog BoxesTabbed dialog boxes display for some Mastercam functions. To switch between different sets of parameters, just click on a tab.

Figure 1-7: Tabbed style dialog box

Expanding Dialog BoxesYou can expand some dialog boxes to show additional fields. By default, they appear in a contracted format. To expand or contract the dialog box, click the button in the upper left corner.


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Figure 1-8: Dialog box, contract and expand
Ribbon BarsRibbon bars function like dialog boxes but look similar to toolbars. Ribbon bars open when you activate many Mastercam functions. You use them to create, position, and modify geometry.

Figure 1-9: Ribbon bar

TIP: When you create geometry with ribbon bars and dialog boxes, you can edit an entity as long as it remains live. You will learn more about entity states later in “Phantom, Live, and Fixed Entities” on page 166.

In the Mastercam workspace, a blank Ribbon Bar displays just above the graphics window to indicate the default ribbon bar position.

When you choose a function that uses a ribbon bar, the function ribbon bar replaces the blank Ribbon Bar placeholder. You can change the default position, and dock or undock the ribbon bar. If you undock the blank Ribbon Bar, it is removed from the Mastercam window until you choose a function that uses a ribbon bar. Then the ribbon bar displays in the last undocked ribbon bar position.


Navigating Ribbon BarsThere are different ways to move between buttons and fields in ribbon bars.

Use the mouse to click buttons and place the cursor in a particular field.

Use the [Tab] key to move the cursor between fields.

Press a shortcut key to activate the button or field associated with that key. For example, type [T] to activate the Tangent button.

Note: Some ribbon bar buttons and fields may be unavailable (appear inactive) depending on the options you choose.

Ribbon Bar Chevrons (>>)Your monitor’s screen resolution can prevent Mastercam ribbon bars from displaying all available options. If the current screen resolution setting is too low, Mastercam shows as many options as will fit and adds a “chevron” at the end of the ribbon bar.

Click the chevron to display a drop-down list of additional options you can choose.

Note: You can change your screen resolution so that the ribbon bars display all options. For resolutions less than 1280 pixels in width, use 96 dpi with Normal sized fonts. See your IT administrator for assistance.

Locking and Unlocking FieldsThe data in ribbon bar fields can be frozen (locked) to prevent the value from changing when you reposition the cursor in the graphics window. Each field has three states:

Unlocked—The normal and default state of a ribbon bar or dialog box field is unlocked. This state allows the field’s value to show the position of the cursor in the graphics window.

Soft-locked—When soft-locked, the data is only frozen for the next entity you create. After an entity is created, the field returns to the unlocked (default) state. To soft-lock a field, type a value into the field. Notice that the button next to the field appears pressed in, signifying a soft-locked state.


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Entering Values in FieldsIn addition to typing values in ribbon bar and dialog box fields, or using the cursor to dynamically update fields, you can use one of the following methods to enter field values.

Click the drop-down arrow in the field to choose from a list of values previously entered into the field. These values are saved in the Registry and remain available, even after you end the current Mastercam session.

In many numeric fields, you can right–click in the field to access a menu of data entry shortcuts. To choose a shortcut option, select it from the list or type the corresponding letter. Then select an entity in the graphics window to automatically enter its specified value in the field.

Mastercam’s calculator lets you enter complex expressions into most numeric fields. Please refer to “Mastercam’s Calculator” on page 29 for more information.

Docking and Undocking Ribbon BarsYou can undock a ribbon bar by double–clicking in any inactive area in the ribbon bar or single–clicking and dragging it to the graphics window. Once the ribbon bar is undocked, you can easily drag and drop it anywhere in the Mastercam window. You can dock it again by dragging and dropping it in the toolbar section or by double–clicking the ribbon bar title bar.

Notes:

• You can dock ribbon bars only in a horizontal position. This differs from toolbars, which can be docked horizontally or vertically.

• If you undock and then close a ribbon bar (by clicking the x in the upper right corner), it is removed from the Mastercam window. This does not cause a problem; it will display the next time it is required by the function.

Ribbon Bar and Dialog Box ModalityYou can configure the modal behavior of Mastercam ribbon bars and dialog boxes using the Screen properties page in Settings, Configuration.(For more information,

Hard-locked—When hard-locked, the data is frozen until you manually unlock the field. You hard-lock a field to use a specific value repeatedly–for example, when creating multiple duplicate entities. To hard-lock a field, enter the value and click the button next to the field, or hold down the [Shift] key while using the field’s shortcut key. The button remains selected and the field is colored, indicating that the value is locked. To unlock a field, click the button next to the field.


see “Screen” on page 858.) By default, the modality option in this configuration page is selected.

Figure 1-10: Settings, Configuration, Screen

When selected, this option allows ribbon bars and most dialog boxes to retain many of their previous settings, saving you from having to reenter data, or reselect function buttons, or options in a drop-down list. The settings remain in their “last used” state for the remainder of the Mastercam session or until you change them.

For example, if you lock down width and height values in the Rectangle ribbon bar, those values stay locked even after you close and reopen the ribbon bar.

Note: Action buttons such as OK, Apply, Chain, or Select are not modal and are unaffected by the configuration settings.


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Tool TipsTool tips display when you hover the mouse over a function icon or a button in a dialog box or ribbon bar. They help you to identify the function or option.
Figure 1-11: Tool tips

Learning ModeLearning mode is similar to a tool tip, but applies only to ribbon bars. It provides information on the ribbon bar and its functions, including the default shortcut keys. When Learning mode is active, it appears when you place the cursor in any ribbon bar button or field.

Figure 1-12: Learning mode

To turn Learning mode on or off, choose Settings, Configuration. In the Configuration dialog box, choose the Screen properties page and select/deselect the option to Use Learning Mode prompts.

Right–Click MenusMastercam provides a number of right–click menus. For example, in the Toolpath Manager tab, right–click to access an extensive list of functions and submenus for working with machine groups, toolpath groups, toolpaths, operations, setup sheets and more. Here are just a few of the places where you can use right–click menus:

Button Ribbon bar icon

Levels Manager View Manager

Toolpath Manager tab Solids Manager tab

Tool parameters page/tab (Mill/Router/Lathe)

Art Manager tab

Tool Manager Chain Manager


Figure 1-13: Examples: Right–click menus

TIP: Right–click menus are common to many Mastercam functions; when in doubt, right–click to see if one is available.

Two special types of right–click menus include the customized right-mouse button menu (you configure this menu for quick access to your favorite functions when working in the graphics window), and the data entry shortcut menu, available in many numeric ribbon bar and dialog box fields.

Drill Point Manager (Mill/Router)

Machine Definition Manager

Post Text page (Control Definition)

Materials List

Toolpath Manager Tool Parameters page/tab


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Shortcut KeysMastercam provides special keyboard assignments you use, instead of clicking icons, to access ribbon bar and dialog box options. These are referred to as shortcut keys. For example, you can use the following shortcut keys when working with the Create Point Segment ribbon bar function:
[D] - Defines the distance between the points

[N] - Sets number of points

[P] - Applies changes and remains in the function

[O] - OK (fixes live entity and exits function)

You can view shortcut keys using tool tips and by activating Learning mode. Mastercam Help topics also list all available shortcut keys for a specific function, ribbon bar, and dialog box.

Another type of shortcut key is associated with every Mastercam function that appears in a menu or toolbar. You use this type of shortcut to choose a function, instead of using the mouse to select it from the menu or toolbar. Typically, function shortcuts are associated with function keys [F1-F12], or combinations of [Shift], [Ctrl], or [Alt] keys and another alphanumeric character.

IMPORTANT: The default keyboard shortcuts provided with Mastercam X are consistent with those available in prior versions of Mastercam. For information on mapping Mastercam functions to your own, custom keyboard shortcuts, see “Mapping Customized Keyboard Shortcuts” on page 833.

Mastercam’s CalculatorFields that take number values have a built-in calculator; you can enter simple formulas directly in the field. For example, type 9/32 in a field and Mastercam displays the value 0.28125.

By default, fields in which the calculator is active have a yellow background. You can change this color on the Colors page of the System Configuration dialog box.

With the calculator, you can:

use a full set of arithmetic operators

use parentheses to create more complicated expressions

enter formulas using algebraic notation

specify units of measure, such as degrees or feet

call mathematical functions


The following sections describe the symbols, operators, constants, and functions you can use with calculable fields.

Units default to the current system units (inches or millimeters), but may be overridden in any field by using unit symbols. The calculator converts the entered value to the current units.

You can use mathematical expressions in both integer and floating-point fields. However, if you are in an integer field, Mastercam discards the decimal portion of the result.

Wherever Mastercam accepts real numbers and formulas, you can enter an angle value in degrees/minutes/seconds or gradians/radians format.

In FastPoint mode, the entry field accepts integers, fractions, decimal values, and even formulas. For example, to enter a point position of X6, Y3, Z0.5, you could type X(2*3)Y(5-2)Z(1/2). For more information, see “Using AutoCursor FastPoint Mode to Enter Coordinates” on page 81.

The calculator treats a space between values as an addition operator (+). For example, with Mastercam set to inches, the entry 5 8 3/4 evaluates to 13.75 inches. As another example, still assuming inches, the entry 1m 5cm 4 evaluates to 45.338583 inches.

Unit SymbolsUse unit symbols to specify a value’s measurement unit. For example, use the symbol mm to specify millimeters. If a value has no unit symbol, Mastercam uses the current default units (inches or millimeters, set on the Start/Exit page of the System Configuration dialog box). Table 1 lists the unit symbols you can use in Mastercam’s calculable fields.

Table 1: Unit Symbols

Symbol Description Symbol Description

d degrees m meters

‘ minutes km kilometers

“ seconds um microns

g gradians in inches

r radians ft or f feet

mm millimeters yd yards

cm centimeters


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Notes:
• Always place the unit symbol after the numeral (for example, 45mm).

• One or more spaces between the numeral and the unit symbol are optional. For example, both of these values are acceptable: 25in, 25 in.

• Use parentheses or additional unit symbols to clarify ambiguous values. For example, suppose Mastercam is set to millimeters. If you want to divide 3mm by 4cm, the entry 3/4cm is incorrect. (It's evaluated as 3/4 of a cm.) Instead, write the expression as 3mm/4cm or 3/(4cm).

• To convert an entire expression to a unit type, multiply by the desired unit. For example, to convert the expression (22/7)*2.5^2 to centimeters, type ((22/7)*2.5^2)*1cm. (Note the parentheses around the original expression.)

Arithmetic OperatorsMastercam’s calculator supports a full set of arithmetic operators, as listed in Table 2.

ConstantsThe calculator also defines a set of constants (pre-defined values) that you can use when typing field entries. Table 3 lists these constants.

Table 2: Arithmetic Operators

Operator Description Example

+ addition 5+3 (result = 8)

- subtraction 5-3 (result = 2)

* multiplication 5*3 (result = 15)

/ division 5/3 (result = 1.666...)

\ integer division 5\3 (result = 1)

^ exponent 5^3 (result = 125)

Mod modulus 5 Mod 3 (result = 2)

Table 3: Constants

Constant Description

#pi pi

#e e

#RadToDeg radians to degrees

#DegToRad degrees to radians


Note: Constants are case-insensitive. For example, the entries #pi, #Pi, and #PI are equivalent

Math FunctionsYou can use a large set of mathematical functions in your calculations. Please refer to Table 4 for a complete list.

Note: All trigonometric functions assume angles in degrees.

Function InterruptionMastercam’s Interrupt mode allows you to pause a function, execute a secondary function, and then continue the original function where it was interrupted.

Table 4: Math Functions

Function Description

Abs() Absolute value

Acos() Arccosine

Asin() Arcsine

Atan() Arctangent

Atan2() Two-argument arctangent

Cos() Cosine

Exp() Exponent (base e)

Fix() Remove the fractional part of a number. For a negative value x, Fix(x) returns an integer greater than or equal to x.

Int() Remove the fractional part of a number. For a negative value x, Fix(x) returns an integer less than or equal to x.

Log() Natural logarithm (base e)

Sgn() Sign of

Sin() Sine

Sqr() Square root

Tan() Tangent


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To configure the Interrupt mode1 Add the Interrupt mode button to a toolbar by choosing Settings,
Customize.

2 In the Category drop-down of the Customize dialog box, choose Settings.

3 Drag the Interrupt mode button to a toolbar, or create a new toolbar by dropping the button on Mastercam's window.

To use the Interrupt mode1 When in a function (such as chaining) that you want to pause, click the

Interrupt mode button.

2 Perform the function you need to complete.

3 When the function is finished, Mastercam returns you to the original, paused function.

Drawing Elements and ConceptsThis section introduces standard elements you work with in Mastercam’s CAD functions. These elements include AutoCursor, the General Selection ribbon bar, chaining, and Sketcher functions.

AutoCursorThe AutoCursor ribbon bar works in conjunction with the cursor to eliminate steps and to simplify selecting and entering points in complicated and congested geometry. AutoCursor is active whenever Mastercam prompts you to select a position in the graphics window. You use the AutoCursor ribbon bar to:

Track cursor position

Manually enter X, Y, and Z coordinates

Detect and snap to points in the graphics window when moving the cursor over geometry

Figure 1-14: AutoCursor ribbon bar

When a position is detected, AutoCursor displays a visual cue to the right of the cursor to identify the type of position. Endpoints and midpoints of curves, lines, arc center points, and point entities are all detected and highlighted by AutoCursor. In addition, AutoCursor can snap to angle, nearest, tangent, perpendicular, horizontal, and vertical conditions.


For more information, see “Using the AutoCursor Ribbon Bar” on page 78.

General Selection Ribbon BarFor most Mastercam functions, you use the General Selection ribbon bar—in addition to or in combination with standard Window’s selection methods—to select entities in the graphics window. The General Selection ribbon bar is also active any time you can select entities prior to choosing a function.

Figure 1-15: General Selection ribbon bar

The General Selection ribbon bar has a Standard Selection mode and a Solids Selection mode. The default mode is Standard Selection. If you initiate a Mastercam function that might apply to wireframe or solid entities, you can use options to switch between selection modes.

For more information, see “Selecting Entities” on page 88.

ChainingChaining is special selection mode you use to link pieces of geometry so that they form the foundation of a surface, solid, or toolpath. When you chain geometry, you select one or more sets of curves (lines, arcs, and splines) that have adjoining endpoints.

Chaining differs from other selection methods because it associates order and direction to the selected curves. Chaining order and direction affect the way Mastercam generates surfaces, solids, and toolpaths.

Mastercam provides several chaining methods in the Chaining dialog box, which opens whenever a function requires you to chain entities. As you chain geometry, the entities appear highlighted in the same color as selected entities. For more information, see “Toolpath Chaining” on page 386.

SketcherSketcher is the suite of Mastercam X functions you use to create basic geometry dynamically by moving the mouse and clicking in the graphics window. Basic geometry includes:

points lines

arcs chamfers

fillets solids


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Figure 1-16: Sketcher toolbar and sample drop-down list (Points)
To sketch an entity, choose an entity type from the Sketcher toolbar list or from the Create menu, set its ribbon bar or dialog box options, and then sketch the entity in the graphics window. For many types of geometry, you also use the AutoCursor to create and edit entity properties. For more information on using Sketcher functions, see “Creating Geometry” on page 164.

Machining Elements and ConceptsThis section defines basic Mastercam CAM elements and concepts. You will learn about toolpaths, and their dynamic relationship with geometry and drafting entities. Machine Definition and Control Definition Managers are also introduced along with Mastercam’s operation, tool, and material libraries.

ToolpathsIn Mastercam, a toolpath represents the tool data and movements used to remove material from stock. The toolpath contains a set of rules that define the types of chained geometry and parameters allowed, as well as how they are applied to an operation. Each operation conforms to the rules of a specific toolpath.

A toolpath typically contains one or more sets of chains. Each toolpath you create displays as an operation in a machine group that you can view and edit from the Toolpath Manager tab.

To create a toolpath, you select a machine type, choose a function from the Toolpaths menu or toolbar, and chain one or more pieces of the part’s geometry or select points, surfaces, or solids. You then select the tool and enter other toolpath parameters.

splines primitive surfaces

miscellaneous shapes (such as ellipse, polygon, helix, letters)


When you accept the parameters, Mastercam generates the toolpath operation, which appears in the Toolpath Manager tab.

TIP: You can create different toolpath groups to organize and manage operations.

Toolpaths and AssociativityAssociativity in Mastercam refers to the relationship between geometry and the drafting entities, toolpaths, or wirepaths that are created from it. When you create a drafting entity, toolpath, or wirepath, Mastercam links it to the geometry. This association can be broken only by deleting the drafting entity, its underlying geometry, or the toolpath operation. Mastercam warns you if you try to delete geometry used in a toolpath or associated with a drafting entity.

Associativity lets you regenerate toolpaths or drafting dimensions when the geometry changes—without requiring you to redefine them. When you change an operations's geometry or toolpath parameters, use the Toolpath Manager to regenerate the operation. When you change geometry associated with a drafting entity, use functions in the Create, Drafting, Regen submenu to update the drafting dimension, as necessary.

Machine Definition/Control Definition ManagersYour Mastercam installation includes many default machine definitions, control definitions, and post processors. Use the Machine Definition Manager and the Control Definition Manager functions in the Settings menu to customize or create your own machine and control definitions, and to associate them with selected post processor files.

A machine definition describes:

The components of the machine tool and their relationship.

A control definition which provides the post processor with the information it needs to process toolpaths that meet the control's requirements.

The post processor appropriate for the specific machine and control combination.

To create machining jobs in Mastercam X, you need the following components. Each is stored in a separate file.

Machine definition—File extensions match the machine type. Each file contains a single machine definition

.MMD (Mill) .LMD (Lathe)

.RMD (Router) .WMD (Wire EDM)


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Control definition—Stored in a .CONTROL file. Controls for all products and machine types use the same file extension. Each .CONTROL file can store several control definitions, so that the .CONTROL file can be shared by multiple machines and can access multiple post processors. Think of a .CONTROL file as a library of control definitions. It works the same way as tool libraries, which store sets of tool definitions so that individual tools can be accessed by different machines. If you have multiple machines and post processors to support, you can use .CONTROL files to determine which posts can be used with which machines.
Post processor—Stored in a .PST file. (Encrypted posts are stored in a .PSB file.)

Each control definition is linked to a specific post processor.

In Mastercam X, the .PST file also stores the post text and miscellaneous values, so that the .TXT file used in earlier versions of Mastercam is no longer used.

Note: For more information on using, selecting, and editing machine and control definitions, see “Choosing a Machine Definition” on page 360 and “Machine and Control Definitions” on page 729 and “Power User Tips” on page 465.

Libraries (operations, tools, materials)Mastercam libraries are collections of files that define operations, tools, or materials. Mastercam provides default tool and material libraries to get you started, but you can customize the files and create your own. Once you save a file to a library, it can be used and reused in a Mastercam part file.

Operation LibrariesOperation libraries are collections of toolpath operations that have an .OPERATIONS extension. To save an operation to a library, use the Export function from the Toolpath Manager right–click menu. You can use the Import function in this menu to import a saved operation, with or without its geometry, into the current part file, provided it can be supported by the selected machine definition.

Tool LibrariesTool libraries store tool definitions that have a .TOOLS extension. Tool libraries are useful for storing common tools or for storing tools for specific jobs. You can create a separate library for each machine tool in your shop or for sets of machines that use similar tools. You can use one of several tool libraries that come with Mastercam, or you can create your own tool libraries. Use the Tool Manager to view and manage libraries and tool definitions.


Note: Although you use different tool managers to define mill/router and lathe tools, they are stored in a single tool library.

INTRODUCTION TO MASTERCAM X / Mastercam Menus • 39

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Material LibrariesMaterial definitions are stored in libraries, just like tool definitions. When you select a material, Mastercam copies the definition to your part file. Material definition files have a .MATERIALS extension and consist of base feed rates and tables of adjustments for different operation types and tool types. When you select a material and a tool for an operation, Mastercam uses the information in the material definition to help calculate proper default feed rates and spindle speeds for the selected operation and tool.
Mastercam MenusIn addition to using customizable toolbars and right–click menus, you can access most Mastercam functions through a series of standard, drop-down menus and submenus located across the top of the Mastercam window. Primary menus include:

This section provides a summary of each menu and its functions.

File (page 40) Machine Type (page 47)

Edit (page 41) Toolpaths (page 48)

View (page 42) Screen (page 49)

Analyze (page 43) Art (page 50)

Create (page 44) Settings (page 51)

Solids (page 45) Help (page 52)

Xform (page 46)


File MenuUse File menu functions to open, edit, print, save, track, and compare files.

Mastercam provides seamless integration with most popular CAD/CAM file formats. Converting files from and to non-Mastercam formats occurs automatically when you open and save files in Mastercam. When saving files, you can save all or only some of the entities to a specified format, and include descriptive text and a thumbnail image of the geometry with the file data.


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You can also import and export files to and from specified directories, and merge data into the current file from a pattern file (for example, a nut or bolt you use repeatedly in Mastercam files).
The Tracking function notifies you when a newer version of a file is available. You can set several options to control the way Mastercam locates new files. You can also specify when Mastercam looks for newer part-file versions.

The Change Recognition feature compares older and newer versions of a part file. During the comparison, you can view geometry differences in various ways, as well as update toolpaths that are affected by changes.

Edit MenuThis menu provides access to functions you use to edit geometry, such as the Join entities, Modify Spline, Convert NURBS, and Simplify functions, and the Trim/Break submenu functions. Other Edit menu functions allow you to cut, copy, paste, delete, or select all entities in the graphics window.

Use the Undo and Redo functions to reverse or repeat one or more sequential events that occur as you work with a file. (An event is a single function-based operation such as create line or transform entities.)


You can also use the Set Normal and Change Normal functions to set the direction of multiple surface normals relative to the current construction plane.

View MenuThe View menu helps you manage the appearance and orientation of the Mastercam graphics window.

The Viewports submenu lets you choose a particular arrangement of one or more (up to four) viewports. Viewports are partitioned areas of the graphics window where you can assign different views.

Use other View menu functions to show or hide the Operations Manager pane, and otherwise modify the graphics window appearance by fitting, repainting, panning, or zooming.

From the Orient submenu, you can change views, dynamically rotate the current view, or flip coordinates to reorient the graphics window view.


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Analyze MenuUse Analyze menu functions to view and edit entity properties.
Some analyze functions provide a report function that lets you save the information to a file.

You can also use analyze functions to modify the color, line style and width, or point style attributes of a single entity, or apply the same attributes to all the entities you select in the graphics window.


Create MenuThis extensive menu includes all Sketcher (Create Geometry), Curve, Surfaces, and Drafting functions.

Use these functions to create points, lines, arcs, splines, curves, fillets, chamfers, surfaces, drafting entities, and basic geometry, including rectangles, rectangular shapes, polygons, ellipses, spirals, and helixes.


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From the Primitives submenu, you can create a cylinder, cone, block, sphere, or torus surface. If your installation includes Mastercam Solids, you can also create solid primitive shapes.
Additional functions allow you to create letters, define a bounding box, and convert a solid to a 2D profile.

Solids MenuFunctions in this menu are available only if your Mastercam installation includes Mastercam Solids.

Use these functions to define a solid by extruding, revolving, sweeping, or lofting chains of curves.

Once you create the base operation, you use other Solids menu functions to remove or add material, smooth or bevel edges, shell, and cut entry holes. You can also


perform Boolean functions (add solids together, remove solids from one another, and find common solid volumes), draft solid faces, and trim solids to a plane or surface.

Note: To define a solid using primitive (pre-defined) shapes, such as a cylinder, cone, block, sphere, or torus, use the Create, Primitives functions.

Xform MenuUse Xform (transform) functions to move or copy selected entities by mirroring, rotating, scaling, offsetting, translating, stretching, and rolling them.

With some functions, you can join the copied entities to the originals. When you perform a transform function, Mastercam creates a temporary group from the original entities and a result from the transformed entities.


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Machine Type MenuUse this menu to select a machine type by choosing a machine definition. Your access to the different types of machine definitions in the menu is based on the Mastercam products you have installed. For example, you must have a Mastercam Mill license to choose a Mill machine definition from this menu.
To appear in the list, the machine definition must be installed, and then added to the Machine Definition Menu using the Manage list function.

The machine type you choose modifies the Mastercam interface so that only the toolpath options and limits supported by the machine, control and post processor are available. This prevents Mastercam from creating tool motion that cannot be executed by the machine.

In a Mastercam part file, the machine definition is part of the machine group properties you view and modify in the Toolpath Manager. As soon as you select a machine type, only the toolpaths available for the selected machine type are enabled in the Toolpaths menu.


Toolpaths MenuFunctions in this menu allow you to create and edit the toolpaths required to cut the part using the specified machine definition. Toolpath functions appear in this menu only after you select a machine definition from the Machine Type menu, or choose a machine group from the Toolpath Manager. These functions vary based on the machine type associated with the active machine group (Mill, Lathe, Router, or Wire). Here is an example of the Mill toolpaths menu:


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When you create a toolpath, an operation is automatically created and appears in the Toolpath Manager under the active machine group.
Note: The machine group you are working with appears highlighted in the Toolpath Manager, indicating that it is active.

Screen MenuThis menu is where you specify default settings and manage the display of geometry in the graphics window. The Clear Colors option lets you remove the group color (red) and result color (purple) that occur after performing a transform function (Xform).

You can set system attributes, and activate, deactivate, or customize the appearance of the selection grid, which is a matrix of reference points that the cursor snaps to when you sketch a point.

You use other Screen menu functions to temporarily remove and restore selected entities, repaint, regenerate, or copy images in the graphics window, and combine all parallel views into a single view.


Art MenuThe Art menu displays only if your Mastercam installation includes Mastercam Art.

For more information on using Mastercam Art functions, refer to the online Help, or contact your local Mastercam Reseller.


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Settings MenuUse the Settings menu functions to set up Mastercam to your specifications.
You can define, save, or load the default values and preferences (Configuration) you want to work with. Other functions allow you to create customized toolbar configurations and states, drop-down menus, function key mappings, and a customized right-mouse button menu. The configuration and customization parameters you define can be saved to named files that you load when you need them, even on other Mastercam workstations provided they have the same Mastercam version installed.

From this menu, you can also run third-party applications, VB scripts, and create, edit, or run Mastercam macros. Ram Saver lets you optimize your PC’s RAM management when running Mastercam. You can use the Machine Definition Manager and the Control Definition Manager functions to set up or modify machine and control definitions. Finally, you can manipulate viewsheets from the Settings menu.

Notes:

• Although you can create multiple configuration.CONFIG files, toolbars and states (.MTB), and key map (.KMP) files, each containing different values, you can load only one of each file type at a time. For more information on


customization tools, see “Customizing and Configuring Mastercam X” on page 809.

• Changes made to configuration settings apply only to the current session unless you save them to a configuration file.

Help MenuThis menu provides access to a variety of information about Mastercam.

This information includes:

Mastercam Help contents

Mastercam’s corporate Web site (www.mastercam.com)

Mastercam product information (licensing, version, installed products, serial number)

Online updates

Zip2Go utility

Mastercam Reference Guide PDF (requires Adobe Acrobat Reader)

Fly-out What’s New menu for quick access to new or enhanced functionality

Note: For more information on getting help with Mastercam, see “Mastercam Support and Services” on page 10.

http://www.mastercam.com/

INTRODUCTION TO MASTERCAM X / The Role of Machine and Control Definitions • 53

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The Role of Machine and Control Definitions

Machine Definitions (what they are and why you use them)

Toolpath Defaults (page 55)

Working with Post Processors (page 56)

Mastercam machine definitions are virtual descriptions of the actual machine tools you will use to cut a part. They determine the functions and tool parameters you can choose when creating toolpath operations. With machine definitions, you generate more accurate NC output because you define each machine tool and its unique characteristics.

Before you can create a toolpath, you need to select a machine definition from the Machine Type menu. When you do this, Mastercam creates a machine group in the Toolpath Manager, which stores the toolpaths and operations that you will program for that machine.

Each time you select a new machine from the Machine Type menu, Mastercam creates a new machine group. A single part file can contain several machine groups, each one containing operations that will be performed on a different machine. You can even have multiple machine groups for different types of machines, letting you create and save lathe and mill operations in the same Mastercam part file. When you post the operations, Mastercam automatically saves the output from different machine groups in different NC files.

Each Mastercam machine definition consists of:

Machine component groups and components

A control definition

A pointer to the proper post processor

These three elements of the machine definition represent a single machine tool.

Machine Components—The component groups and components you assemble define the machine tool architecture and how it moves. The machine type (mill, lathe, router, or wire) determines which component groups are available for you to assemble.

Control Definition—The control definition provides the post processor with the information it needs to process toolpath data so that it meets the control's requirements. It is also used to customize the post text, miscellaneous values, and canned text that are stored in the post file.

Post Processor—Typically, each machine and control definition is linked to a single post processor. However, the machine and control definition architecture gives you


the flexibility to use the same post with several machine definitions, or you can configure several posts for the same machine.

Machine definitions, control definitions, and post processors are all stored in separate files. When you create a machine definition, you select the control definition and post processor to use with the machine.

Figure 1-17: Example: Machine Definition Manager

When you use the Machine Definition Manager to create and save machine definitions, Mastercam assigns one of the following file extensions, based in the selected machine type:

OpenNew

Save

Edit general machine parameters

Highlighted buttons are used only for simulation and event-driven programming functions

Edit the control definitionEdit axis combinations

Set password protection

File containing control definition

Post processor

Component tree

Default toolbar state (optional)

Save as

Unused component

groups

Component library


.RMD (Router) .WMD (Wire)

INTRODUCTION TO MASTERCAM X / The Role of Machine and Control Definitions • 55

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TIP: Use one of the following methods to access the Machine Definition Manager:
• From the Mastercam menu, choose Settings, Machine Definition Manager.• From the Toolpath Manager, expand the Machine Group and choose

Properties, Files. Then click Edit in the Machine - Toolpath copy section.

When you select a machine definition and create a machine group, Mastercam loads a copy of the machine and control definition in your part file and saves it with your part. This is referred to as the local copy. This lets you work on the part even if you move the file to another workstation that does not have that machine or control definition. You can also make job-specific changes to the machine or control definition settings without affecting the master copy stored on your workstation’s hard drive. The machine group also stores a copy of all the tools that you use in that group’s operations.

IMPORTANT: Mastercam does NOT store a copy of the post processor with your part file, only the machine and control definition.

Toolpath DefaultsMastercam stores the toolpath defaults in separate files. These have a.DEFAULTS extension. You have separate .DEFAULTS files for inch and metric operations. Each control definition points to a set of .DEFAULTS files—one each for inch and metric values. When you select the machine definition, Mastercam automatically loads the .DEFAULTS file specified in its control definition.

If you wish, you can select a different .DEFAULTS file in the machine group properties. This will be used for only new operations created in the machine group. Use the Files tab from the Machine Group Properties dialog box to select a different file.

To edit a .DEFAULTS file, you can use either the Files tab from the Machine Group Properties dialog box, or the Operation Defaults page in the Control Definition Manager. You can also use either method to create a new .DEFAULTS file. You can create as many sets of default values as you like, for machine-specific or application-specific defaults, and save each set in a separate file.


Notes:

• The .DEFAULTS file also stores default values for many machine group properties, such as the default tool numbering method.

• For more information on working with .DEFAULTS files, see “Editing Toolpath Defaults” on page 409.

Working with Post ProcessorsTypically, for each machine definition you will use a single control definition and a single post processor. This means that when you select a machine definition to begin creating toolpaths, the post processor is selected at the same time. To select a new post processor, go to the machine group properties and select the machine that uses the desired post processor. Mastercam then validates the toolpaths in the machine group against the new machine.

The post processor file also stores post text, canned text, and miscellaneous values. As a convenience, you can use the Text page in the Control Definition Manager to edit these, even though they are saved in the post processor file and not in the control definition file.

Mastercam’s machine and control definition architecture also gives you the flexibility to configure the same post to be used with multiple machines or controls, or to switch posts without selecting a new machine. These features can be useful for shops with many machines or with advanced application requirements. To learn more, see “Machine and Control Definitions” on page 729, access Help from the Control Definition Manager, or consult your Mastercam Reseller.

Opening and Translating FilesMastercam seamlessly translates files, importing from and exporting to a variety of popular, proprietary CAD/CAM formats and common file exchange formats. Although options provide control of the conversion process, conversion occurs automatically when you use File menu functions to open and save files—no pre- or post-formatting is required. This flexibility makes it easy to work with non-Mastercam files, and with files saved in a prior version of Mastercam.

Mastercam X supports the following file formats:

Mastercam (prior versions of Mastercam X, V9, and V8)

Mastercam X Educational

Pro/Engineer® 3D ACIS® Modeler

INTRODUCTION TO MASTERCAM X / Opening and Translating Files • 57

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Notes:

• If you do not have Mastercam Solids installed, you can still view and machine an imported solid. However, Mastercam Solids must be installed to modify the solid or create additional solids.

• For more information on the conversion options available for your Mastercam configuration, refer to the Mastercam Help or contact your Mastercam Reseller.

Changing Units of Measure (Metric/Inch)When you open a part file that uses different units (metric or inch) from those currently in use, Mastercam displays the System Configuration dialog box, which informs you that Mastercam is switching units and loading an alternate default configuration file.

Figure 1-18: System Configuration English (inch)/Metric dialog box

VDA (Verband der Automobilindustrie)

Rhinoceros® 3D NURBS

SolidWorks® Solid Edge®

AutoDesk Inventor® ASCII

CATIA® V4/V5 HPGL Plotter (Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language)

CADKEY® AutoCAD®

KeyCreator® Alibre Design®

Parasolid® StereoLithography

STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product data)

IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Standard)

SpaceClaim Professional® Postscript

Raster to Vector


To complete the operation, you must select one of the following options:

Units: Uses only the units from the new configuration file. (default)

All settings: Loads all settings from the new configuration file.

Note: You can also use the Current field near the bottom of the System Configuration dialog box to switch current units.

To do so, select an alternate configuration file from the drop-down list.

Saving FilesWhen you save a Mastercam file to a native .MCX format, you automatically save all geometry, attributes, levels, views, and planes. Mastercam also saves the toolpath’s machine definitions, control definitions, stock setup, machine groups, toolpath groups, and operations data.

Note: You can save a Mastercam X4 file to previous Mastercam versions (including previous Mastercam X versions), but only geometry is saved. Toolpath operations cannot be saved to previous Mastercam versions.

You can add descriptive text, such as instructions for working with the file or contact information, and set a default directory where the file will be saved. You can also optionally save a bitmap thumbnail image of the geometry.

You will find the settings for these options in the Settings, Configuration, Files properties page and its AutoSave/Backup subpage.

To change the Mastercam X file version when saving a file, click the Options button in the Save As dialog box. Mastercam displays the Save as X version dialog box, from which you can select other versions of Mastercam X.

INTRODUCTION TO MASTERCAM X / Opening and Translating Files • 59

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WARNING: When saving a Mastercam X version 2 file as a version 1 file, Mastercam saves only geometry. Mastercam X version 2 toolpaths cannot be saved to a Mastercam X version 1 file.
TIPS:

• In the Open File dialog box, you can quickly identify the file you want to work with by viewing its thumbnail image in the Preview pane. You can also view the file’s text descriptor in the Descriptor pane.

• To reduce the amount of navigation required to save files to new file names, choose directory paths from the Recent Folders drop-down menu in the Save as dialog box.

• To save only selected entities, use the File, Save Some function. When you choose this function, use general selection methods—including masking—to select only the entities to save from the current file, and then save the entities to a new file.

• Use the Project Manager to select the file types you want Mastercam to save in a common project folder. The project folder is the location of the project’s MCX file. For more information on using Project Manager, see “Project Manager” on page 61.

Sharing Files with the Zip2Go UtilityUse Mastercam’s Zip2Go C-Hook utility to gather Mastercam part data into a compressed .Z2G file. This utility makes it easy to provide your Reseller or CNC Support Services with a file that contains the information they need. Zip2Go scans the machine groups in your current part file and captures information such as your Mastercam configuration, machine definition, and post files. You can choose which files to include. After creating the Zip2Go file, you can view its contents and add/delete files as necessary.

In addition to the Mastercam part file, you can optionally choose to add the following file types during the Zip2Go scan:

Current Mastercam configuration files (includes .CONFIG, .MTB, .KMP, and .FT file types)

Machine definitions (.MMD, .LMD, .RMD, .WMD)

Control definitions (.CONTROL)

Post processors (.PST)

Toolpath operations (.NC)


Tool libraries (.TOOLS)

Material libraries (.MATERIALS)

To run the Zip2Go utility, choose Help, Zip2Go Utility.

You can also type [Alt+C] to open to the \chooks directory. Then open the \Zip2Go folder and double–click Zip2Go.dll.

Zip2Go also creates the following types of reports in a read-only .TXT format:

Zip2Go_[MCXPartFileName].txt: Contains a collection of relevant files used by each machine group in the Mastercam part file that was scanned.

Zip2Go_SystemReport.txt: Contains information on the computer system on which the .Z2G was created. For example:

The version of Microsoft Windows.

The amount of RAM memory on your computer.

A few details on the installed graphics card.

Registry setting data used by Mastercam (the CNC Software, Inc. registry keys under HKCU and HKLM).

Zip2Go_FileReport.txt: Contains information on all the files for Mastercam. Only the application system folders are scanned. The Mill, Lathe, Router, and Wire folders (and any of their sub-folders) in the Mastercam install folder (MCAMX) are not scanned. Furthermore, any part files found in any folder that is scanned will not be is included in this list. This is to ensure that the collection of data never includes potentially confidential information.

Zip2Go_HASP.txt: Contains information from the Mastercam HASP on all the files for Mastercam, including the HASP Serial # and the products licensed on the HASP. It also detects if Mastercam Maintenance is enabled, and if so, the report includes the maintenance expiration date.

Opening Files with Other ApplicationsUse the File menu, Edit/Open External function to open a file with a selected, external application in its own window.

Figure 1-19: Edit/Open External dialog box

In the Open as drop-down list, you can choose:

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Text: Displays file content as plain text in the currently selected editor.
Auto: Displays file content in the application associated with the selected file type, provided the application is installed on your computer. For example, a file with a .doc extension opens in Microsoft Word.

Text files open using the default editor specified in the Settings, Configuration, Start/Exit properties page. However, you can choose to open any file in any editor.

To select an editor:1 Choose File, Edit/Open External.

2 In the Open dialog box, choose Editor.

3 In the Choose File Editor dialog box, use one of the following methods to select the editor:

Choose an editor from the list and click OK.

Note: All of the editors provided with Mastercam display in the list, along with the most recently used “Other” editors you have selected.

Or, choose Other from the list and click OK. Then complete the following steps:

a Use options in the Select an editor dialog box to navigate to the location

of the editor program, such as Microsoft® Excel® or Word®.

b Select the program .EXE file and click Open. This closes the Select an Editor dialog box and returns you to the Open dialog box.

4 In the Open dialog box, select the file to edit and click OK. The editor you chose in Step 3 opens in its own window and loads the selected file for editing.

Project ManagerUse the Project Manager to select the types of files you want to save in a common project folder. (The project folder is the location of the project’s MCX file.) In addition to your MCX file, you can choose to store some or all of the following types of files in your project folder:

NC program files NCI files

Tool libraries Operation libraries

Operation defaults Power libraries


Saving these file types along with the part file to a single project folder is a great organizational tool and can be a real time-saver when you need to move or share projects.

Figure 1-20: Project Manager dialog box

Using the Project Manager to manage files is optional. When the Project Manager is inactive, Mastercam uses the default paths specified in the Files tab of the Machine Group Properties dialog box. (To open this tab, expand the Machine Group in the Toolpath Manager, and choose Properties, Files.)

To activate the Project Manager:1 Choose File, Project Manager from the Mastercam menu.

2 In the Project File Manager dialog box, select at least one file type in the Files to add to project folder list.

3 Select the option: Apply these settings when adding new machine groups to this part file.

4 Click OK.

After you activate the Project Manager, you can see the new paths in the Files tab of the Machine Group Properties dialog box.

Suppose, for example, that you have a part named Gear.mcx. This part has a single mill toolpath that uses Mastercam’s default file paths (Figure 1-21). When you save this part and post its toolpath (choosing to create both an NC and NCI file), Mastercam creates the files in the locations shown in Figure 1-22: New file paths on page 64. (The file paths assume that c:\mcamx is your Mastercam installation directory.)

Material libraries

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Figure 1-21: Default file paths
To reroute files to the project folder, open the Project Manager, and click Select All in the File to add to project folder box. When you post the toolpath, Mastercam creates the resultant files in your project folder, as shown in Figure 1-22.


Figure 1-22: New file paths

Tips for Using Project Manager

When changing Project Manager paths for existing operations, Project Manager does not copy already generated files to the new directory. Depending on the file type, you must either re-post your operations or manually copy the affected files to the project folder.

If you use the project folder for .DEFAULTS files, tool libraries, material libraries, and so on, you must make sure that those files are in the selected project folder. Failure to place the files in the project folder may result in “File does not exist” warnings from Mastercam.

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Printing and PlottingYou can print or plot entities in the graphics window using any Windows-based driver that has been configured for your PC, and optionally map colors to specific line widths and line styles.
Note: Mastercam supports only Windows-based printer drivers.

You can configure Mastercam to use a GDI or OpenGL graphics type. OpenGL is required to display shaded images in the graphics window and to print them. You can print wireframe or shaded images based on the current graphics window display setting. Use the options in the Shading toolbar to change to wireframe or shaded prior to choosing the Print or Print Preview function from the File menu.

TIPS:

• Use the Settings, Configuration function Screen properties page to choose a graphics support type, and the Printing and Shading properties pages to configure additional settings. For more information, see “Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences” on page 836.

• If you choose the Print Preview function directly from the File menu, the values for your PC’s default printer driver are used.

To print or plot entities:1 From the Mastercam menu, choose File, Print.


2 In the Print dialog box, set paper orientation, margins, shading, scaling, line width and other options, as necessary.

3 To view and modify the driver’s default properties in the Print Setup dialog box, choose the Property button. Depending on the printer driver type, use options in the Print Setup dialog box or the driver’s Properties dialog box to also enter the number of copies to print.

4 To reposition the center point of the image, click in the Preview area where you want to set the new centering position. The crosshairs that display indicate the new position. When you choose Print Preview or click OK, the position marked by the crosshairs becomes the center of the printed output.

5 To view a sample of the printed output, choose the Print Preview button. You can print directly from the Print Preview dialog box, or close it and return to the Print dialog box.

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6 To map color to specific line widths, choose the Color/Width map option and button. Then use options in the Linewidth Attributes dialog box.
Click OK to apply your changes and return to the Print dialog box.

7 In the Print dialog box, click OK to print or plot the entities.

File TrackingTurn on file tracking to be notified of newer file versions. Using the File tracking dialog box, you can specify the files that Mastercam tracks, as well as customize how Mastercam searches for newer files. To start file tracking, select a command from the File, Tracking submenu. The following list shows the available commands:

Check Current File

Check All Tracked Files

Tracking Options


Checking the Current FileSelect File, Tracking, Check Current File to have Mastercam search for a newer version of the currently loaded file. When you choose this command, the File Tracking Options dialog box displays:

Figure 1-23: The File Tracking Options dialog box

Use the File Tracking Options dialog box to specify how Mastercam locates newer files, as described in the following list:

Search subfolders searches the current folder and any folders inside the current folder.

File name must be exact match searches only for files that have the same file name (not including the file extension). If this option is off, Mastercam searches for files that begin with the same file name. For example, if Part.mcx is the currently tracked file, Mastercam looks for files with names like Part_new.mcx and Part_revised.sld.

File extension must be exact match searches only for files with the same file extension.

Don’t ask again prevents the File Tracking Options dialog box from appearing again during the current session.

If Mastercam finds a newer file, it asks if you want to run change recognition. Choose Yes to display the Change Recognition dialog box, from which you can view and update geometry and operations. (See “Change Recognition” on page 71.) Choose No to return to the currently open file.

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Check All Tracked FilesYou can specify a list of files to track, and then use the Check All Tracked Files command to look for new versions. To learn how to set up a file list, please see the following section, “Tracking Options.”
Once you have your file list created, choose File, Tracking, Check All Tracked Files. If Mastercam finds a newer version of one file in the list, it asks if you want to run change recognition. Choose Yes to display the Change Recognition dialog box, from which you can view and update geometry and operations. Choose No to return to the currently open file.

If Mastercam finds multiple newer files, and you choose to run change recognition, you must select one of the changed files. That is, you can run change recognition on only one file at a time.

Tracking OptionsTo specify tracking options, choose File, Tracking, Tracking Options to display the File Tracking dialog box.


Figure 1-24: The File Tracking dialog box

Use this dialog box to customize how Mastercam searches for newer versions of tracked files. Also use this dialog box to set up multiple file tracking, as described here.

To set up multiple file tracking1 Turn on the Tracking option in the upper left corner of the File Tracking

dialog box. Mastercam enables the tracking options.

2 Right-click in the file list pane. A menu displays.

3 Select Add from the menu. The Open dialog box appears.

4 Select a file to add. The file appears in the list.

5 Repeat Steps 2-4 for each file to track.

Use the following options to customize the file tracking function:

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Tracking toggles the tracking function. When this option is off, Mastercam ignores all tracking options.
Check now checks for new versions of the files in the file list.

Additional folders lets you specify folders for file tracking to search. To specify a search folder, right-click the Additional Folders box, and choose Add from the pop-up menu.

File name must be exact match searches only for files that have the same file name (not including the file extension). If this option is off, Mastercam searches for any files that begin with the same file name. For example, if Part.mcx is the currently tracked file, Mastercam looks for files with names like Part_new.mcx and Part_revised.sld.

File extension must be exact match searches only for files with the same file extension.

Automatic tracking tells Mastercam to automatically add files to the tracking list when files are opened.

Check current file at File-Open tells Mastercam to check for a newer version of the current file as soon as the file is opened.

Check all files at Startup tells Mastercam to check for new versions of files in the list when Mastercam starts.

Check all files at File-New tells Mastercam to check files when you choose File, New.

Change RecognitionThe change recognition function examines two files and reports on their differences in various ways. To start this function, select File, Change Recognition, and then specify the file you want to compare against. Mastercam then compares the currently loaded file (called the original file) with the specified file (called the incoming file), and displays the Change Recognition dialog box. From this dialog box, you can view differences, as well as update toolpaths.

Changes in Geometry OnlyThe Change Recognition dialog box has two forms, depending on whether or not the original file contains toolpaths. If the original file contains no toolpaths, the simpler form of the Change Recognition dialog box displays:


Figure 1-25: Change Recognition - Geometry Only dialog box

Use this dialog box to compare the geometry of the original and incoming files. You can display geometry in various ways:

Features of the original file

Features of the incoming file

Features the two files have in common

Features unique to the original file

Features unique to the incoming file

Both files combined

Use the Override geometry colors option to select colors for the original and incoming geometry. When this option is off, Mastercam displays the files in the geometry’s original colors.

Use the Select geometry to mark as being in both Original file and Incoming files button to specify features to merge into the incoming file. Your original file, for example, may contain geometry that is used only to specify special curves like containment boundaries. Such geometry assists with the generation of toolpaths, but does not necessarily represent physical features of the part. This construction geometry rarely appears in the incoming file. So, to force change recognition to preserve this geometry and not mark it as changed, use the Select geometry to mark as being in both Original file and Incoming files function to add the geometry to the incoming file.

Before change recognition can identify new features in a file, the original and incoming geometry must be in the same position. To this end, the Re-orient incoming file feature lets you transform your geometry in various ways, including translation, mirroring, scaling, and rotation.


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Changes Affecting OperationsWhen your original file contains both geometry and operations, Mastercam displays the larger Change Recognition dialog box:
Figure 1-26: Change Recognition dialog box

Use this dialog box to view and manipulate changes between the original file and the incoming file. The following controls let you view and manipulate geometry and operations:

The operation drop-down menu contains a list of operations for the part. Select the operation to analyze or update.

The icon to the left of the drop-down menu shows the status of the current operation. The status can be up-to-date, affected, or dirty, as described in Table 5 on page 74.

The text box below the operation drop-down menu displays the tool used in the operation.

The slider control provides an alternative way to select operations. The colors in the slider's channel reflect the status of each operation, with cyan, red, and magenta indicating up-to-date, affected, and dirty operations, respectively.

The First, Previous, Next, and Last buttons manipulate the slider's location.

Draw selected operation displays the toolpath for the current operation.

Ignore up-to-date operations filters out operations that are unaffected by changes in the incoming file. That is, only affected operations will be available for selection.


Geometry display controls the geometry that appears in Mastercam's graphics window.

Edit geometry opens the appropriate dialog box for modifying the geometry associated with the selected operation.

Regenerate regenerates the toolpaths for the selected operation.

View summary report displays an operation-by-operation text summary of geometric entities in the original and incoming files.

Select geometry to mark as being in both in Original File and Incoming Files lets you specify geometry that change recognition should not identify as changed.

Select toolpath display colors lets you choose colors for the selected operation, as well as for the original and incoming geometry.

Re-orient incoming file lets you reposition the incoming geometry to match the original file.

Table 5: Operation status symbols.

Using Change RecognitionMastercam's change recognition feature compares the geometry of two versions of a part file. After identifying changed features, change recognition displays the status of affected operations. You can then update geometry and regenerate toolpaths, bringing up to date the older version of the part.

When you use change recognition, the older version of a part file is called the original file. The original file typically comprises various types of geometric entities and their associated toolpaths. The newer version of the part file is called the incoming file. Usually, this file contains only geometric entities. If the incoming file contains

Up-to-date: No geometry changes affect the operation and the toolpath needs no regeneration. By default, unaffected and clean operations display in cyan. (You can change the display colors by clicking the Select toolpath display colors button, which brings up the Change Recognition colors dialog box.)

Affected: Geometry changes in the incoming file affect the toolpath. By default, affected operations display in red.

Dirty: The toolpath must be regenerated. By default, dirty operations display in magenta.


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toolpaths, change recognition ignores them. That is, change recognition identifies only changed geometry in the incoming file and how those changes affect operations in the original file.
Suppose you have a part named Part01.mcx, shown with its toolpaths in the following figure:

Figure 1-27: The Part01.mcx file

Now, a new version of the part, named Part01_Revised.mcx, comes into your shop. The new version adds four bosses, which look like this:

Figure 1-28: The Rect02.mcx part file

To compare the two part versions, load the original file (the older one) using File, Open from Mastercam's menu. Then, load the incoming file (the newer one) by


choosing File, Change Recognition. Mastercam displays the Change Recognition dialog box (Figure 1-26).

Change recognition offers many ways to isolate and view changes in the part. One way is to select Unique to Incoming from the Geometry display drop-down list. Mastercam then displays geometry from the incoming file that is not in the original file, as seen here:

Figure 1-29: Geometry unique to Part01_revised.mcx

This operation's toolpath (from the original file) is red to show that it is affected by the geometry changes.

To update the operation, click Edit geometry in the Change Recognition dialog box. In this example, the Chain Manager dialog box displays, from which you can rechain the toolpath. Then you can click the Regenerate button to update the operation.

The chain recognition function features many options that control how you can view and modify geometry and toolpaths. For more details about the many controls in the Change Recognition dialog box, please refer to the Field definitions tab of the Change Recognition dialog box help topic.


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chapter 2

Drawing and Design BasicsThis chapter introduces the concepts, functions, and techniques that you use to create geometry. Drawing in Mastercam is freeform and dynamic with controls that allow you to be mathematically precise. The cursor and mouse are your drawing tools, and the Create and Xform menu functions are your primary drawing aids. Mastercam Design also provides many other CAD functions to make your job easier.

With Mastercam Design, you can create wireframe, surface, and primitive surface geometry. If your installation includes Mastercam Solids, you also have extensive tools for creating solid models.

Note: For more information on working with Mastercam Solids, see “Solids” on page 313.

In this chapter, you will learn about:

Using the AutoCursor Ribbon Bar . . . . . . . . . . page 78

Selecting Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 88

Setting Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 99

Changing the Graphics Window Display. . . page 106

Setting Views/Planes/WCS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 111

Editing Your Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 137

Power User Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 146

Using the AutoCursor Ribbon BarThe AutoCursor ribbon bar becomes active whenever Mastercam prompts you to enter position data. It shows the current cursor position (XYZ coordinates) and also allows you to override the position manually.

The AutoCursor ribbon bar makes it easier to select and enter position data in complicated and congested geometry. Use it to:

Track cursor position.

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Enter X, Y, and Z coordinates manually.

Detect and snap to specific types of positions as you move the cursor over geometry on the screen.


The AutoCursor ribbon bar is dockable. You can leave it docked in the toolbar area or drag it to another position. When docked, it remains visible even when inactive. When undocked from the toolbar area and positioned elsewhere in the Mastercam window, it automatically closes when it is not needed (inactive). When activated by your selections, it reappears where you last placed it.

When you move the cursor over geometry on the screen, you can configure AutoCursor to display a visual cue when it detects a specific position type (for example, origin, arc center, endpoint, or midpoint).

Visual CuesVisual cues are graphic symbols that appear to the right of the cursor. They identify the type of position AutoCursor has highlighted to ensure that you select the correct entity and position. For example, if you set AutoCursor to detect and snap to the endpoints of existing entities, as soon as you move the cursor close to an endpoint, it snaps to that position and the visual cue for endpoints appears.

Mastercam visual cues include:

Note: AutoCursor does not recognize endpoints on surfaces.

Origin Midpoint Arc Center

Point Endpoint Quadrant

Intersection Nearest Horizontal/Vertical

Perpendicular Tangent


You can limit the types of positions AutoCursor detects. For more information, see “Customizing AutoCursor Behavior” on page 82.

In complex geometry, there may be more than one position located within the detection range of the cursor. In these cases, AutoCursor uses the order shown below to detect and snap to positions.

Entering Position CoordinatesUse the AutoCursor ribbon bar to enter coordinates when Mastercam prompts you to enter position data.


You can enter coordinates in several ways:

Enter values into the X, Y, and Z fields by placing your cursor in each field and typing a value. Press [Enter] or [Tab] to apply the value and move to the next field (from left to right).

Press [X], [Y], or [Z] to open a field, and then type a value. You can enter fractions or decimal values (example, 3/8 or .375) and formulas, including addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and parentheses.

1 Point entities

2 Endpoints of curves or lines

3 Midpoints of curves or lines

4 Quadrant points of arcs

5 Centers of arcs

6 Real curve or line intersections (not intersections projected by Mastercam)

7 Positions on the active selection grid

Current cursor coordinates

AutoCursor settings

AutoCursor override

FastPoint mode


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You can even enter inch values (example, 3in) or metric values (124mm). If necessary, Mastercam’s built-in calculator converts an inch or metric value to the currently used unit type. For more information on the calculator, please refer to “Mastercam’s Calculator” on page 29.

Click the drop-down arrow to choose from a list of previously entered values.

Right–click inside the field to access a menu of data entry shortcut options you can use to define the coordinate value.

Use FastPoint Mode.

Click in the graphics window to select a position.

Press [Shift+Click] to create a new position relative to an existing entity. For more information, see “Using the Relative Position Ribbon Bar” on page 167.

Using AutoCursor FastPoint Mode to Enter CoordinatesUse the AutoCursor FastPoint Mode to replace the separate X, Y, Z fields with a single, consolidated field. In this field, you can specify a position by typing the XYZ coordinates separated by commas, or you can use the data entry shortcuts or enter mathematical formulas.

To use AutoCursor FastPoint Mode whenever the AutoCursor ribbon bar is active, do one of the following:

Press the space bar on your keyboard.

Click the FastPoint button located on the AutoCursor ribbon bar.

When you make FastPoint Mode the default mode using AutoCursor Configuration, any key you type opens the AutoCursor FastPoint entry field.

Figure 2-3: AutoCursor FastPoint Mode

To enter coordinates:1 Type the values separated by commas–for example, 2,2,5.

2 Press [Enter] to apply the value or [Esc] to cancel.

You can enter fractions or decimal values (example, 3/8 or .375). The FastPoint field also accepts formulas, including addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and parentheses.

AutoCursor FastPoint entry field FastPoint button


In FastPoint mode, you can convert numbers to the base unit of measure defined in your current Mastercam configuration. When entering values to convert, type the number immediately followed by its unit of measure, such as in or mm. If you have configured Mastercam to work in inches, you can type in a metric value in FastPoint mode (for example, 27mm) and Mastercam converts it from millimeters to the correct length in inches. You can use this conversion function for most numeric data entry fields located in Mastercam dialog boxes and ribbon bars.

TIP: Use algebraic notation when entering formulas. For example, for a position of X6, Y3, Z0.5 enter X(2*3)Y(5-2)Z(1/2), or 6,3,.5. The Fastpoint entry method is consistent with prior versions of Mastercam.

Note: FastPoint mode is modal; when you activate it, you cannot move outside of the field into any part of the application, including other AutoCursor buttons, until you press [Enter] or [Esc].

Customizing AutoCursor BehaviorYou can customize AutoCursor to detect only specific types of positions, to snap to a specific angle, or to snap to the nearest, tangent, perpendicular, horizontal, and vertical positions.

You have the following options for customizing the way AutoCursor behaves when you use it to select entities in the graphics window:

To configure settings that apply to all selections and remain in effect until you reconfigure them, use AutoCursor Configuration.

To change behavior for a single position selection, use the AutoCursor Override drop-down list, and left–click on the entity type you want to select.

To lock the override for multiple selections, right–click on the entity type in the AutoCursor Override drop-down list.

TIP: When AutoCursor is active, you can temporarily deactivate its snap-to settings by holding down the [Ctrl] key as you click to select a position.

Using AutoCursor Settings

To customize AutoCursor1 In the AutoCursor ribbon bar, click the AutoCursor Configuration button.


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Figure 2-4: AutoCursor Configuration button

2 In the AutoCursor Settings dialog box, select the position types to detect and snap to.

Figure 2-5: AutoCursor Settings dialog box

Note: If the position type is not selected, AutoCursor does not detect it.

3 You can also choose to:

Set FastPoint mode as the default.

Enable one-character power key overrides.

4 Click OK to accept your settings and exit. The AutoCursor settings remain in effect until you use this procedure again to change them.

In the following example, you will use AutoCursor Settings to create a series of lines at 45 degrees from the axes.

AutoCursor configuration


To create angular lines using AutoCursor1 Choose Create, Line, Endpoint from the menu bar at the top of the screen.

Mastercam prompts you to specify the first endpoint, and the AutoCursor ribbon bar buttons become active.

2 Click ! in the AutoCursor ribbon bar to display the AutoCursor Settings dialog box.

3 Click Disable All to clear all selections.

4 Select Angular, and then enter 45 in the field next to it.

5 Click OK.

6 In the graphics window, click any position to specify the first endpoint.

7 Now move the cursor. Notice that the line snaps in 45-degree increments as you move the cursor around the selected endpoint. Move the cursor so that the line forms a 45-degree angle up, and to the right of the first endpoint then click to specify the second endpoint and create the line. The line is a “live” entity at this point and can be edited.

8 Draw additional lines or, to fix the line and exit the function, click OK.

TIP: Remember to clear AutoCursor settings when they are no longer needed. If you forget that you have customized AutoCursor behavior, you can experience unexpected results when working with other Mastercam functions.

Using AutoCursor OverrideYou can temporarily modify AutoCursor settings for a single position selection. To do this, when AutoCursor is active, click the AutoCursor Override drop-down button in the AutoCursor ribbon bar.


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Figure 2-6: AutoCursor Override button and drop-down list

From the list, select the position type you want AutoCursor to snap to (applies only to the current selection). This feature is particularly useful when the geometry is crowded or confusing and you need help identifying a specific entity and position type.

For example, to create a line from the midpoint of another line1 Choose Create, Line, Endpoint from the menu bar.

2 Click two positions in the graphics window to define the endpoints of a line.

3 For the next line, click the drop-down arrow next to the AutoCursor Override button, and then click Midpoint. The Override button changes to the midpoint icon and becomes active. Rather than prompting you to specify the first endpoint, Mastercam prompts you to select a line, arc, or spline.

4 Click anywhere on the first entity. Mastercam snaps to the midpoint and prompts you to choose the second endpoint. At this point, the AutoCursor Override is inactive and the standard AutoCursor settings are used.

5 Click a position to define the second endpoint of the second line.

6 Click OK to fix the line and exit the function.

AutoCursor Override Power KeysIf you enable power keys in your AutoCursor Configuration settings, when AutoCursor is active you can press a power key to temporarily snap only to the point type associated with the power key—regardless of the current AutoCursor settings. For

AutoCursor override


example, to force AutoCursor to detect only arc center points, position the cursor in the graphics window and press the Arc Center power key [C].

AutoCursor power keys include:

Locking AutoCursor OverridesWhen AutoCursor is active, you can lock an AutoCursor Arc Center, Endpoint, Intersection, Midpoint, Point, or Quadrant override by right–clicking to select it in the Overrides drop down list.

A locked AutoCursor override remains in effect until you perform one of the following actions:

Right– or left–click the Override button in the AutoCursor ribbon bar to release it.

Use an AutoCursor power key.

Press [Esc].

Choose File, New.

Open the AutoCursor Settings dialog box.

Exit Mastercam.

TIPS:

• When you hover the mouse over an AutoCursor override that can be locked, the mouse pointer changes to indicate that you can right–click to select it.

• Once activated, the override appears as a pressed button on the AutoCursor ribbon bar.

To cancel the override without selecting a point, right- or left-click this button to release it, or press [Esc].

You can enter relative position values using one of the following methods.

[O] - Origin [C] -Arc Center

[E] - Endpoint [I] - Intersection

[M] - Midpoint [Q] - Quadrant

[P] - Point


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To specify the new position using Delta coordinates1 If you used the Shift+click method to select a position and open the Relative

Position ribbon bar, skip to Step 2. Otherwise, after selecting Relative from the AutoCursor Override list, choose an existing position to which the new entity will be relative.

2 In the Delta field, type the rectangular or polar XYZ coordinates to position the new endpoint from the selected position.

3 Click OK to accept the entered coordinates and exit the Relative Position ribbon bar.

To specify a position using distance and length 1 If you used the Shift+click method to select a position and open the Relative

Position ribbon bar, skip to Step 2. Otherwise, after selecting Relative from the AutoCursor Override list, choose an existing position to which the new entity will be relative.

2 Type values in the Distance and Angle fields to establish the distance away from the selected position, and the angle at which the new endpoint will be placed.

3 Click OK to accept the specified values and exit the Relative Position ribbon bar.

To specify a position along an entity1 In the Relative Position ribbon bar, click the Select button to activate the

Along mode and select a line, arc, or spline nearest to the endpoint from which you will specify the along length.

2 In the Length field, type the distance from the selected entity endpoint where you want to create the current position for the new entity. You can extend the new position along the selected entity and enter positive or negative length values.

3 Press [Enter] or click OK to accept your entries and exit the Relative Position ribbon bar

IMPORTANT: When you select a closed arc (circle) in Along mode, the endpoint is always the zero degree quadrant position. If you click the circle anywhere in the bottom half, the along distance from the zero position is calculated in a clockwise direction. If you click the circle anywhere in the top half, the along distance is calculated in a counter clockwise direction.


Selecting EntitiesWhen creating geometry, you can use several selection methods to select positions and other entities in the graphics window, including:

Clicking with the left mouse button to choose one or more entities, usually at the prompting of a function.

Choosing General Selection ribbon bar options.

Note: Chaining (selecting and linking pieces of geometry) is fundamental to the creation of Mastercam surfaces, solids, and toolpaths. Please refer to “Toolpath Chaining” on page 386 for essential information on chaining techniques.

Using the General Selection Ribbon BarThe General Selection ribbon bar operates in two different modes Standard Selection and Solid Selection. The availability of either mode is based on the types of entities that are in the current file and the functions you choose from Mastercam menus and toolbars. If you choose a Mastercam function specific to a solid entity, the General Selection ribbon bar automatically switches to the Solid Selection mode.

Figure 2-7: General Selection Solid Selection mode

Note: For more information on Solid selection techniques, see “Selecting Solids” on page 317.

If there are no solids in your file, the Solid Selection mode is not available; you can use only Standard Selection options.

Solid Selection options

DRAWING AND DESIGN BASICS / Selecting Entities • 89

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Figure 2-8: General Selection Standard Selection mode

If the General Selection ribbon bar is available for use when no other function is active, you can select entities prior to choosing a function by using the cursor or combinations of the cursor and keystrokes, such as [Shift+Click]. Then choose a function to apply to the selected entities.

Some functions work in conjunction with the General Selection ribbon bar. In these functions, the General Selection ribbon bar becomes active when you are prompted to select entities for the function.

Masking

Selection method list

Entity selection

Cancel current selection

Verify selection toggle

Accept current selection

Select last entity (or entities)


General Selection MethodsThe General Selection method drop-down list lets you set the method by which you select entities in the graphics window. Selecting a method option limits selection to that method. Left–click selection chooses a method for a single selection event; right–click selection locks a method for multiple selections.

Window and Single selection are Mastercam’s standard selection methods; both are active at the same time. When these options are in effect, you can use the mouse and either a single [Click] or [Shift+Click] to select one or more entities. Or, you can drag a window and select all entities that are completely inside the window.

TIP: To switch from any selection method to Window, hold down the [Ctrl] key and select the first window position in the graphics window.

From the General Selection ribbon bar, choose one of the following Selection methods to lock the method in place and disable the others.

Note: The Window and Polygon selection methods are limited by the current entity selection setting. You will learn more about this in “Entity Selection Settings” on page 92.

Chain: Select/chain entities that are connected to other entities. For example, clicking one side of a rectangle selects all four sides, and clicking one line that is connected to another selects both lines.

Window: Select entities by drawing a window around them.

Polygon: Select entities by drawing a polygon around the entities. Double–click to complete the polygon.

Single: Select individual entities by clicking them with the mouse.

Area: Select multiple nested shapes with a single mouse click.

Vector: Select multiple entities by drawing a vector line through them. All entities the vector intersects are selected.


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Note: All selection methods, including the Solids selection methods, can be added to toolbars and your graphics window right–click menu using Settings, Customize.

When you choose a selection method from the drop-down list, it remains set until you perform one of the following actions:

Click the Standard Selection button in the General Selection ribbon bar to reset it to the Window method.

Choose another method from the list.

Hold down the [Shift] or [Alt] keys to override the default (see Tips below for override details.)

Once you have chosen a selection method, you can return to the standard selection method by clicking the Standard Selection button.

To finalize multiple-entity selections, press [Enter], or click the End Selection button in the ribbon bar.

Note, however, that you can end a series of selections by double-clicking the last entity of the selection. For example, to select three lines using the single selection method, click the first two lines. Then double-click the third line to end the selection process. (The double-click method does not work with Polygon and Vector selections, which use a double-click to complete the polygon or vector.)

To reselect the entity (or entities) selected for the previous operation, click the Select last button.

TIPS:

• In Standard selection mode, hold down the [Alt] key to switch from Window to Vector selection.

• To override any selection method and toggle between the Chain and Area selection methods, hold down the [Shift] key when selecting an entity or a position. If you place the cursor on an entity while holding down the [Shift] key, the Chain method is active; otherwise, the Area method is active.


Entity Selection SettingsThe Entity selection field in the General Selection ribbon bar determines how the Polygon and Window selection methods choose to include entities. Before selecting entities with these methods, use this field to choose one of the following options:

TIP: To reverse entity selection (deselect selected entities and select unselected entities), click the Invert Selection button.

MaskingA selection mask is a defined set of criteria used to quickly select entities in the graphics window. Using a selection mask with a complex part file ensures that you select only and all of the specific entities you want.

When working with selection masks, you can:

Define a selection mask to use once and discard (default).

Make the selection mask active until you turn it off or exit the Mastercam session.

Save the selection mask criteria to a file (.MASK) that you can later open and reuse.

Open an existing selection mask file and apply it.

Use left– and right–click Quick Masks to select all or only specific entity type. (You will learn more about this later in “Quick Masks” on page 94.)

To use a mask for selection, click the All or Only buttons in the General Selection ribbon bar.

Choosing All opens the Select All dialog box. Use this dialog box to define and apply a mask that automatically selects all entities in the current file that match the mask criteria. You can choose to apply the criteria and select all entities, or only entities in a specified group, including groups created by Xform (transform) functions.

Choosing Only opens the Select Only dialog box. Use this dialog box to set restrictions on the entities that are available for selection in the graphics window. When you apply the Only mask, you use other General Selection

In/Out Select only entities that lie completely inside or outside the window.

In+/Out+ Select entities that lie completely inside or outside and entities that intersect the window.

Intersect Select only entities that intersect the window.


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methods to select only those entities that match the mask criteria you define. Until you clear the mask, you are restricted from selecting entities that are excluded by the mask.

Figure 2-9: Masking Select All/Select Only dialog boxes

In the Select All or Select Only (Masking) dialog box, choose mask criteria or open an existing mask file to select entities in the graphics window. Selection criteria can include any combination of entity types, colors, levels, line styles, line width, point

Option buttons

Criteria type check boxes and buttons

Criteria list

Criteria options to Select Entity, Select All, or Clear All

Additional masking parameters


styles, arc diameters, line lengths, or Z depths that match the values and filters that you define in these dialog boxes.

Quick MasksMastercam's Quick Masks are time-saving functions that allow you to select entities by type with a single mouse click, without having to choose All or Only mask functions and work with their dialog boxes.

Figure 2-10: Quick Masks toolbar (horizontal or vertical orien-tation)

By default, the Quick Masks toolbar is docked vertically as shown to the right. It is positioned directly below the MRU (most recently used) toolbar along the rightmost edge of the Mastercam window.

Quick Masks (QM) functions support different right–click and left–click actions.

Left–click a Quick Mask function to toggle the selection of all matching entities either on or off.

Right–click a Quick Mask function to toggle the mask in the Select Only dialog box’s criteria list. (You can manually select only entities that meet the mask criteria.)

For example, suppose you have a rectangle that comprises four lines.

Left–click the QM Lines function to select all four of the rectangle's

lines.

Rght–click the function to select lines (and only lines) one by one.

QM functions include Points, Lines, Arcs, Splines, Surfaces, Solids, Drafting, Wireframe, Surface Curves, Color, Level, Xform Group, Xform Results, Last Entity (or Entities), and Clear all masking.

The Clear all masking button clears all selection criteria from the Select Only dialog box.

Use the General Selection category in Settings, Customize to add QM functions to toolbars. You can also set up keyboard shortcuts for QM functions by choosing the General Selection category in Settings, Key Mapping. For more information, see “Customizing and Configuring Mastercam X” on page 809.


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Selection Mask ExamplesHere are some examples of how you can create and apply All and Only masks. To use these examples, you must open or create a part that contains lines and entities in more than one color.

Selection Examples Select All

To select and delete all line entities in the current part file1 From the General Selection ribbon bar, choose All.

2 To view and edit the Entities mask criteria, choose the Entities check box.

3 In the Entities criteria list, double–click the Lines check box (under Wireframe) to immediately apply the mask and exit the dialog box.

4 All line entities are selected in the graphics window. To delete all lines from the part, press the keyboard Delete key.

To select all entities of a specific type and color in the current part file1 From the General Selection ribbon bar, choose All.

2 In the Select All dialog box, choose the Entities check box.

3 In the Entities criteria list, select one or more entity types to include.

4 To set the Colors criteria, choose the Colors button.

5 Select the check box next to the color of the entities to include.

6 Click OK to apply the mask and exit the dialog box.

7 All entities of the specified type and color are selected in the graphics window. Continue with the current function, if applicable, or choose a function to perform on the selected entities.

TIP: If you are creating a mask using multiple criteria, to quickly apply the mask and exit the dialog box, hold down the Ctrl key and double–click when selecting the last criteria item.

Selection Examples Select Only

To restrict the entities you can select to only line entities1 From the General Selection ribbon bar, choose Only.

2 In the Select Only dialog box, choose the Entities button and check box.


3 In the Entities criteria list, double–click the Lines check box (under Wireframe) to immediately apply the mask and exit the dialog box.

4 In the graphics window, select the lines you want to work with. Until you clear the mask, you cannot select any other entity type.

5 Use one of the following methods to clear the mask

Complete the selection.

Reopen the Select Only dialog box and clear the selections.

Click the Clear all masking button located on the Quick Mask toolbar.

TIP: Use the “Maintain Only Mask” check box in the Select Only dialog box to apply a mask until you close the Mastercam session or choose to deselect the Maintain check box.

Entity Selection TipsIn this section, you will learn to quickly and efficiently select entities in the graphics window by reviewing techniques for

Selecting Single Entities (page 96)

Selecting Multiple Entities (page 96)

Selecting All Entities (page 97)

Selecting Entities as Chains (page 97)

Using Area Selection (page 98)

Ending Entity Selection (page 98)

Unselecting Entities (page 99)

Selecting Single EntitiesClick an existing entity to select it. When selected, Mastercam highlights the entity in the selection color (default is yellow).

Selecting Multiple Entities

To select multiple entities, click individual entities. Notice that selected entities are highlighted, indicating selection.

To select multiple entities using the Window selection method, click an area of the graphics window that is not directly on an entity, hold down the mouse button, and start to drag the mouse to anchor the first point. Then release the button and continue to draw a rectangular window around the entities


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you want to select. Click to set the final position. All entities completely contained within the window are selected.

To select multiple entities using the Vector selection method, hold down the Alt key, and then click and drag a line through the entities you want to select. All entities that the line intersects will be selected

To select multiple entities using the Area selection method, hold down the Shift key and click inside the outermost entity, but outside the inside entities. Make sure that the cursor is not close enough to an entity to highlight it before you click.

To reselect the entity (or entities) selected for the previous operation, click the Select last button in the General Selection ribbon bar.

TIP: To improve your view of the selection area when using the Window selection method, after selecting the first window point, use the Pan, Zoom or Fit to screen function before selecting the second point.

Selecting All Entities

To select all entities in the graphics window, hold down the Ctrl key and press A.

In the General Selection ribbon bar, choose All. Then click the All Entities button in the Select All dialog box.

Selecting Entities as ChainsUse the chain selection method to temporarily link connected entities in order to perform a function with them collectively.

Note: This selection method does not physically create a chain in the Mastercam database or otherwise link the entities. It is used only to simplify the selection of connected entities.

To select a chain of entities, hold down the Shift key to activate Chain selection and select an entity that is connected to other entities, such as a line used in a rectangle. All connected entities are automatically selected in a single chain (in this example, the entire rectangle). Continue to use this method to select other connected entities as chains.

Alternatively, you can lock in the Chain option from the General Selection ribbon bar drop-down list then select connected entities.

To select a partial chain of connected entities, activate the Chain selection method using either method described above and select an entity connected


to others. Then click again in the location where you want to chain selection to end. The remainder of the entities in the chain are automatically unselected.

Using Area SelectionThe area selection method allows you to select multiple nested shapes with a single mouse click.

Instead of drawing a box around the entities to be selected (as with the Window method), area selection selects all closed boundaries around the position where you click the mouse.

To use the area selection method, hold down the Shift key and click inside the outermost entity, but outside the inside entities. Make sure that the cursor is not close enough to an entity to highlight it before you click.

Figure 2-11: Examples Area selection (nesting on and off)

TIP: To enable the selection all of the shapes or chains within a closed boundary, in the Settings, Configuration, Chaining properties page, you must selection the option for Infinite nesting in area chains.

Ending Entity SelectionTo end any of the selection methods, press [Enter] or choose the End selection option in the General Selection ribbon bar.

1

2

3

Click here to select the set of curves marked 1, 2, and 3 (infinite nesting in area chaining is off). Selected curves are shown in bold.

Click here to select all of the curves marked within and including the outermost boundary (infinite nesting in area chaining is on). Selected curves are shown in bold.

DRAWING AND DESIGN BASICS / Setting Attributes • 99

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Unselecting EntitiesUse one of the following methods to cancel or unselect entities.

Click a single entity again to unselect it. Or, if Mastercam is at the root level (that is, not inside a function), press [Esc].

Choose another selection method. All entities selected in a single action, such as Window selection, are unselected.

Choose the Unselect all option in the General Selection ribbon bar to clear all selections.

Setting AttributesAll Mastercam entities have basic attributes (physical characteristics). Based on the entity type, attributes can include:

Note: To set default attributes, choose Settings, Configuration, CAD Settings and then save your changes to the configuration file. When you run Mastercam, attribute settings are loaded, along with other configuration parameters, and appear as default values in the Status bar fields.

Changing physical attributes when you are working with complex parts is a very powerful technique you will use often to organize your work. Use the Status bar fields to quickly and easily select new entity attributes.

Figure 2-12: Status bar


Setting Attributes for New Entities (page 100)

Changing Entity Attributes (page 103)

Color Point style

Line style and width Level

Set main level Set attributesConfigure Status bar fields

Status bar help


Setting Attributes for New EntitiesThe attributes you set using the following methods are automatically applied in the current Mastercam session to the new entities you create. You can set new entity attributes in several ways.

To use an existing entity to set color, line, point, and level attributes:Press [Alt+X] on the keyboard and select an entity in the graphics window. The Status bar color, point style, line style, and line width fields are changed to the selected entity’s attributes.

To set a specific attribute:1 Choose one or more attribute fields in the Status bar, and then specify the

value.

a Color: Choose Select from the Color drop-down list and select an entity in the graphics window. Or, click the current color field and choose a color from the Colors dialog box. (You will learn more about this in “Setting/Changing Color” on page 104.)

b Point Style, Line Style, and Line Width: Select new values from these Attributes drop-down lists.

c Attributes: Click the Attributes button to open a dialog box where you can specify color, level, point and line styles, and line width. Click OK to accept the new attributes and close the dialog box.


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Figure 2-13: Attributes dialog box

To set attributes for specific entity types (such as points, lines, arcs, solids, surface, and drafting dimensions):

1 Click the Attributes button in the Status bar.

2 In the Attributes dialog box, select the EA Mgr (Entity Attributes Manager) check box, and then click the EA Mgr button.

3 In the Entity Attributes Manager dialog box, select the entity types, and set the attributes you want to use in the current Mastercam session.


Figure 2-14: Entity Attributes Manager dialog box

To open the Color palette dialog box and choose a color, double–click the color sample.

Note: You can also use the EA Mgr to apply attributes to files you convert from other programs. Select the option to Include entities created when opening non-Mastercam files.

4 When all entity attributes are set, click OK to accept them and return to the Attributes dialog box.

IMPORTANT: If you deselect the EA Mgr check box in the Attributes dialog box, the Entity Attribute Manager dialog box settings are not used.


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Changing Entity AttributesUse the following methods to change the attributes of existing entities. These methods do not change the values that appear in the Status bar attributes fields; they apply only to the entities you select in the graphics window.

To change attributes using the right–mouse button:1 (optional) Use general selection methods to select the entities to change.

2 In the Status bar, position the cursor over the label of the attribute you want to change until the mouse pointer indicates that a right–click option is available. Then right–click.

TIP: To change multiple attributes, right–click the Status bar Attributes button.

3 If you selected entities in Step 1, skip to step Step 4. Otherwise, when prompted to select the entities to change, use general selection methods to select the entities. Then press [Enter] or choose End selection in the General selection ribbon bar.

4 Based on the attribute you chose in Step 2, use options in the associated dialog box to make the necessary changes.

5 Click OK to apply the change to the selected entities and close the attribute dialog box.

To change the attributes of all of a specific type of entity (such as all points or splines):

1 In the Status bar, click the Attributes button.

2 In the Attributes dialog box, select the EA Mgr (Entity Attributes Manager) check box, and then click the EA Mgr button.

3 In the Entity Attributes Manager dialog box, select the entity types and attributes to use when creating new entities in the current Mastercam session.

4 To update all of the selected types of entities that exist in the current file and close the dialog box, click Apply to existing entities.

Note: To continue to use these attributes for new entities, leave the EA Mgr check box selected in the Attributes dialog box. To use different attributes, deselect the check box.


TIP: You can also use Analyze functions to modify entity attributes and other properties. For more information, see “Analyzing Entities” on page 263.

Setting/Changing ColorMastercam supports a palette of 256 colors, which you can customize. You can reduce the palette to 16 colors by choosing the 16 Colors button in the Colors dialog box, or by deselecting the Show 256 colors check box when setting up system configuration parameters in Settings, Configuration, Colors.

Use one of the following methods to access the Colors dialog box:

From the Mastercam menu, choose Screen, Geometry Attributes and select the colors palette button.

Click the Colors field in the Status bar.

Figure 2-15: Colors dialog box

To select a color:

Type its ID number in the Current color field.

Click the color in the color palette.

Choose the Select button and click an entity in the graphics window with the color you want to use.

Choose the Customize tab and use the fields to create a custom color.


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Mastercam Levels and the Main LevelLevels are a primary organizational tool in Mastercam. For example, a Mastercam file can contain separate levels for wireframe, surfaces, drafting entities, and toolpaths.

You are always drawing on the main level. The main level is not a fixed level; it is only the level you choose to work with at any given time. To help you keep track of it, the current main level appears in the Status bar Level field which is always visible in the Mastercam window.

Use the Status bar Level fields to set the main level to work with in the graphics window.

Note: For more information, see “Working with Levels” on page 142.

Setting Z DepthUse the Z field in the Status bar to set the Z-depth value for the geometry and toolpaths you create. Set the Z depth using one of the following methods:

Type a value in the field.

Click the drop-down arrow and choose one from the most recently used list.

Click the Z label and select a position in the graphics window to use its Z depth value.

Working in 2D and 3D ModeWhen creating geometry, use the 2D/3D Status bar toggle button to set the drawing mode. The default setting is 3D. Click this button to switch between drawing modes.

In 2D mode, all geometry is created parallel to the current construction plane (Cplane) and, unless specified, at the current Z-depth setting. You can override the Z-depth setting by typing coordinate values that include a Z-depth value different from the current Z-depth setting. For more information on planes, see “Setting Views/Planes/WCS” on page 111.

In 3D mode, the X, Y, and Z coordinates are all read from AutoCursor when sketching dynamically. The Z-depth setting in the Status bar is not used. When working in a 3D environment, you can create entities whose points lie in different planes, or create entities (such as arcs or 2D splines) in planes other than the predefined planes.

In both modes, use AutoCursor, or the selected function ribbon bar/dialog box fields to enter coordinate values. Some exceptions to this apply to specific entity types.


IMPORTANT: The 2D/3D setting has no effect on analyze and toolpath functions.

The following functions always provide 3D solutions, regardless of the Status bar 2D/3D setting:

Notes:

• In 3D mode, if you choose to bisect two lines that are not in the same plane or are not parallel to the current Cplane, a message informs you that a 3D solution does not exist and asks you to specify the Z depth to use for the 2D solution.

• When editing entities using the Trim or Break functions, all solutions are calculated based on the current Cplane setting. If the entities cannot intersect in the current Cplane through a 2D projection, they cannot be modified using these functions.

TIP: Overlooking the current Cplane and Z depth is a common source of error, which can cause you to create the geometry in unintended orientations. To avoid this mistake, set the graphics view (Gview) to the same setting as the Cplane or to Isometric.

Changing the Graphics Window DisplayThe View menu and toolbar provide several functions and methods you can use to change the appearance of the geometry and toolpaths in the graphics window. In addition to the functions listed below, this section includes information on using zoom and unzoom techniques, and setting up multiple viewports in the graphics window.

Fillets and chamfers Surfaces and solids

Convert to NURBS Close Arc

Modify Spline Simplify

Xform: Translate, Translate 3D, Mirror, Rotate, Rectangular Array, Scale

DRAWING AND DESIGN BASICS / Changing the Graphics Window Display • 107

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TIP: Use the mouse wheel or middle button any time—without selecting a function—to dynamically spin or pan the contents of the graphics window. To set the spin or pan behavior, use the Settings, Configuration, Screen properties page and Middle Button/Wheel use field.

ZoomingMastercam also offers a number of zoom functions, including:

Fit geometry to screen: Maximizes your view of visible geometry in the graphics window. This function positions and sizes the displayed geometry to fill as much of the graphics window as possible.

Pan: Moves the view in the graphics window. Imagine the graphics window as a camera lens through which you view geometry. Using the keyboard arrow keys, move the “lens” left or right, or up and down over the geometry. Or, press and hold the mouse wheel to drag the image in any direction (if configured for this action).

Set screen center: Repositions the center of the graphics window, based on the new center point you specify.

Repaint screen: Refreshes the graphics window to restore images that appear incomplete or distorted. This may occur as the result of frequent changes to entities, particularly where they overlap. The quality and stability of images in the graphics window are influenced by the graphic capabilities of your PC, and the amount of available memory.

Note: If Repaint does not completely restore the graphics window, use the Screen, Regenerate Display List function to rebuild the display list.

Regenerate screen: Rebuilds the display list at the current screen scale. Regenerating the display list may also improve display speed and performance.

Zoom window: Magnifies a portion of the graphics window. To anchor the first window point, click an area of the graphics window that is not directly on an entity. Then draw a rectangular window by moving the mouse around the entities you want to zoom. Click to set the final position and fill the graphics window with the contents of the selection window.


To dynamically change the graphics window view (Gview) using mouse and keyboard methods:

To zoom in and out, spin the mouse wheel forward or backward (if configured for this action).

In Settings, Configuration, Screen properties, set the middle mouse button/wheel action to spin or pan. To temporarily change this setting to the alternate behavior, position the cursor in the graphics window, hold down the [Alt] key and press down on the middle mouse button/wheel to grab the contents of the graphics window. Continue to press down while moving the mouse to either spin or pan.

To move the image around, use the up, down, left, or right keyboard arrow keys.

To spin the image, hold down the [Alt] key and use the up, down, left, or right arrow keys.

Note: To improve your view of the selection area when using this method, select the first window point. Then use the Pan, Zoom target, or Fit to screen function before selecting the second point.

Zoom target: Expands a specific area defined by two selected points. The first position you select indicates the center of the target area. As you move the cursor to select the second position, you draw and drag a rectangular area that defines the target boundary. When you select the second position, everything in the target area expands to fill the graphics window, centered around the first point you specified.

Unzoom previous / .5: Restores zoom to its previous setting. If no previous setting exists for the current Mastercam session, this function reduces the size of the displayed geometry to 50% of its current size.

Unzoom .8: Reduces the size of the displayed geometry to 80% of its current size.

Zoom in/out: Dynamically zooms in or out from a selected point. First, select a focal point in the graphics window. Then use one of the following techniques to zoom:

Slide the mouse forward or backward. Spin the mouse wheel in either direction (if configured for this

action). Press the [Page Up] or [Page Down] keys.

Zoom selected: Works only with pre-selected entities. Automatically scales the selected entities to fit the graphics window.

DRAWING AND DESIGN BASICS / Changing the Graphics Window Display • 109

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Using ViewsheetsUse viewsheets to create different part views, each on its own viewsheet tab. With a viewsheet you can define a specific view orientation and scale, store modified level settings, and use a bookmark to define a restorable viewsheet state. By default, viewsheets are off. To enable viewsheets, choose Settings, Viewsheets, Viewsheets Enabled from the Mastercam menu. The main viewsheet tab then displays at the bottom of Mastercam's window, as shown below.

When you have viewsheets enabled, manipulate them as follows:

To define a new viewsheet:Select Settings, Viewsheets, New from the menu bar, or right-click a viewsheet tab, and select New Viewsheet from the pop-up menu.

To copy an existing viewsheet: Select Settings, Viewsheets, Copy from the menu bar, or right-click a viewsheet tab, and select Copy Viewsheet from the pop-up menu.

To rename a viewsheet:Select Settings, Viewsheets, Rename from the menu bar, or right-click a viewsheet tab, and select Rename Viewsheet from the pop-up menu.

To delete a viewsheet:Select Settings, Viewsheets, Delete from the menu bar, or right-click a viewsheet tab, and select Delete Viewsheet from the pop-up menu.

Note: You cannot rename or delete the main viewsheet.

To save a viewsheet bookmark:Select Settings, Viewsheets, Save Bookmark from the menu bar, or right-click a viewsheet tab, and select Save Viewsheet Bookmark from the pop-up menu.


To restore from a viewsheet bookmark:Select Settings, Viewsheets, Restore Bookmark from the menu bar, or right-click a viewsheet tab, and select Restore from Viewsheet Bookmark from the pop-up menu.

To change saved settings for a viewsheet:Right-click a viewsheet tab, and select Settings from the pop-up menu.

Setting ViewportsA viewport is an area within the graphics window that displays a particular graphics view of the geometry you are working with. A viewport configuration is an arrangement of one or more (up to four) viewports. By default, Mastercam displays geometry from the top view in a single viewport that occupies the entire graphics window.

To divide the graphics window into multiple viewports, or panes, each capable of displaying a different graphics view, choose an option from the View, Viewports menu. Mastercam offers four viewport configurations.

The following graphic shows the default views assigned to each viewport configuration.

To change the view that appears in a viewport:1 Use the cursor to select the pane. Then use one of the following methods to

choose a different view:

Choose View, Standard Views. Then select a standard graphics view from the drop-down list.

Choose View, Orient, Named Views. In the Views Selection dialog box, select a named view from the list of standard and custom defined views.

From the Status bar, click Gview and select the view from the list.

VP1 = Top view VP2 = Isometric view

VP3 = Front view VP4 = Right side view

VP1VP1

VP1VP1

VP3 VP4VP2

VP2VP2

DRAWING AND DESIGN BASICS / Setting Views/Planes/WCS • 111

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2 In the active pane of a multi-viewport configuration, move the mouse over the axes coordinate display until the cursor changes to an arrow. Click the axes marker to enlarge the viewport and make it the only visible viewport.

TIP: To change the size of the viewport panes, grab and drag the vertical or horizontal inside edge.

Setting Views/Planes/WCSMastercam uses a 3D Cartesian coordinate system to locate your work in three-dimensional space. The positions of geometry and toolpaths are expressed in terms of three coordinate axes: X, Y, and Z. Each axis is signed to indicate a positive (+) and a negative (-) direction.

Machining jobs often require you to work with coordinate locations in sophisticated ways. Mastercam includes several useful tools you can use to transform, overlay, slice, and otherwise manipulate the coordinate system so that you can draw and machine a part any way you choose.

To apply coordinate systems in Mastercam, you use functions to set specific views. A view consists of two main parts:

A plane, or slice through the coordinate system

An origin, or zero point

You can use views as graphics views (Gviews) to view the part, as construction planes (Cplanes) to orient geometry, and as tool planes (Tplanes) to orient toolpaths.

Gviews define the perspective from which you view the part in the graphics window.

Cplanes represent the planes in which you create new geometry.

Tplanes are the cutting planes for the toolpaths you define.

Standard and custom views have assigned names, are saved with the part information (making them portable), and can be selected as you work with the part to change its orientation in 3D space.

The Work Coordinate System (WCS) is the active coordinate system in use by Mastercam at any given time. It contains the orientation of the XYZ axes plus the location of the zero point (the origin).

+Z

+Y

-Y

+X-X

-Z


TIP: Mastercam saves the most recently used plane, view, and WCS selections for each machine group, and restores them whenever you activate the machine group. For example, if one machine group has toolpaths on the front of the part, and another machine group has toolpaths on the side of the part, when you activate either machine group, Mastercam automatically activates the views and planes you were using the last time the group was active. For more information on machine groups, see “Managing Toolpath Operations” on page 422.

Manipulating the WCS and setting planes and views to simplify the creation of geometry, solids, and toolpaths are essential Mastercam skills you will use often.


Standard Views (page 112)

Using Gview/Planes/WCS Status Bar Options (page 114)

Using the Dynamic Gnomon (page 118)

Work Coordinate Systems (page 120)

Managing Views (page 123)

Lathe Coordinate Systems (page 135)

Standard ViewsEvery Mastercam part includes standard views that correspond to the six faces of a cube (Top, Front, Back, Right, Left, Bottom) plus an Isometric view. Standard views are available in all Mastercam files. Their names and coordinates cannot be modified.

The Status bar Gview, Planes, and WCS menus provide options you use to select standard views, create custom views, and set the Gview, Tplane/Cplane, and WCS.

Use options in the Gview menu to orient the graphics view and control the perspective from which you view the part. You can also use options in the Mastercam View menu to modify the graphics window display.


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To draw geometry or create toolpaths on a specific plane, use options in the Planes menu to change the construction plane and tool plane. The options in this menu set both the construction plane and the tool plane at the same time. Each function in this menu lets you set both the planar orientation and the origin.

The WCS menu options allow you to align the work coordinate system with a specific view. You can select a standard view, access the list of saved views, or create a new view based on part geometry or by manipulating the current view.

Because Mastercam breaks views and planes into separate functions, you can maintain the plane selections for each function independently. For example, you can be looking at the part in an isometric view (Gview = Isometric) while drawing geometry on the front of the part (Cplane = Front).

Note: For simple 2D geometry, the Top Tplane/Cplane (default) corresponds to the standard XY plane.


Using Gview/Planes/WCS Status Bar OptionsMany of the same options are available from the Status bar Gview, Planes, and WCS menus. Use these options in a similar manner to set the specified plane.

Figure 2-16: Gview/Planes/WCS Status bar menus

If you configure the Status bar to include separate Cplane and Tplane fields, these menus also share many functions.

Gview Planes WCS


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Figure 2-17: Cplane and Tplane Status bar menus

To help you become familiar with using view, planes, and WCS Status bar menu options, descriptions and tips for each option are provided below, organized by the their general category.

Standard views: Select Top, Front, Back, Right, Left, Bottom, or Isometric to quickly set a standard plane. When selecting a standard view from the Gview or Planes menus, the plane you set is relative to the current WCS. This is why (WCS) is part of the standard view name in these menus. Standard planes line up with a cube which has been shifted so that it is parallel to the WCS axes.

TIP: To reset the Gview or Cplane/Tplane to the default Top system view, regardless of the WCS setting, select Named, and then choose Top from the View Selection dialog box.

Named views: Options that include “by Name” or “named views” orient the selected view or plane with a view you select from the View Selection dialog box. This dialog box displays all the views that have been created and saved with the part, including standard and custom views.

Cplane Tplane


Dynamic Plane: Create a plane using an interactive gnomon in the graphics window. Position the origin of the plane, orient the axes, and name the plane to add it to the list of named views.

Geometry/Entity: Aligns the selected plane with geometry that you select from the graphics window. For example, if you select a face of the part, the plane is oriented as if you are looking straight down on a line normal to the part face. When you choose this option, you must select an arc, two lines, or three points to define the plane.

Solid face: Similar to the Geometry option, but aligns the plane to a selected solid face.

Note: For step-by-step instructions on using the Geometry and Solid face functions, see “Creating Views from Selected Entities” on page 129.

Rotate: Creates a new view by rotating the current view about any or all of the axes by a specified number of degrees.

Dynamic: (Gview only) Creates a new view by rotating the view perspective as you drag the mouse.

Note: For step-by-step instructions on using the Rotate and Dynamic functions, see “Creating Views by Rotating” on page 130.

Last: Sets the plane equal to whatever it was oriented to before the current selection.

Normal: Creates a new view using a selected line that is normal to the desired plane. You must also select the orientation of the coordinate system relative to the normal line. For step-by-step instructions, see “Creating Views from Normals” on page 131.

= Gview: Sets the selected plane with the same view as the current Gview.

=Tplane, =Cplane: Aligns the selected plane with the same view as the current Tplane or Cplane.

= WCS: (Planes only) Sets the Tplane and Cplane equal to the same view as the current WCS.

Planes Always = WCS: (Planes only) Links the Tplane and Cplane to the WCS so that if you change the WCS, it will also update the Tplane and Cplane. Selecting this option disables the other options in the menu.

Origin: Displays the origin of the selected view/plane and, if enabled, allows you to click and change it. Using this method to change the origin automatically creates a new view that you can name and save to the view catalog. You can also use the View Manager to change the origin of an


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existing view and update the origin of all planes that are linked to the view, including the WCS.

Saved as: Indicates whether the new view has been saved and displays its name.

Name and Save: (Gview only) If the current view has not been saved, use this option to open the New View dialog box where you can set parameters and save the custom view. (If the current view has not been saved, Mastercam displays Gview: Not Saved in the graphics window.)

Setting the Tplane Different from the CplaneYou can set the tool plane and construction plane to the same view at the same time using the Planes function on the Status bar. However, some applications may require you to set these planes independently. Use one of the following methods to accomplish this:

From the Status bar, choose WCS, View Manager. Use the View Manager dialog box to select different views for each plane. Use other dialog box options to customize the origin and assign work offsets.

Figure 2-18: View Manager dialog box

When creating a toolpath, choose the Planes button in the Toolpath parameters tab. Then use the Toolpath Coordinate System dialog box to select the different views.


Note: Using this method affects only the current toolpath.

Choose the Status bar configure option [!] and use the right-click menu to insert separate Cplane and Tplane planes into the Status bar. Then use the Status bar Cplane and Tplane menu functions to set the planes independently.

Using the Dynamic GnomonMastercam’s dynamic gnomon is an interactive element you use in the graphics window to locate and align a set of axes. The gnomon comprises three axes (XYZ) connected at the origin. There are five selection points along each axis. You use each segment of the axis line to produce a different type of motion. Through the gnomon interaction, you can position the gnomon origin, move along an axis, rotate in a plane about a perpendicular axis, and align to existing geometry.

1 Axis Origin —Select to place the origin of the gnomon in 3D space. You can use AutoCursor positions, type in XYZ values, or sketch a point. Generally, this will be the first manipulation of the dynamic gnomon.

2 First Leg—Select to move the gnomon along the selected axis. Move the gnomon along the scale displayed in the graphics window. You can also use AutoCursor positions, type in XYZ values, or sketch a point.

3 Axis Label—Select to rotate about a perpendicular axis. Rotate the gnomon along the scale displayed in the graphics window. You can also use AutoCursor positions, type a rotation angle, or sketch a point. Selecting the axis label for rotation follows these rules:

X axis label = rotate about Y

Y axis label = rotate about X

Z axis label = rotate about X

4 Second Leg—Select to rotate about a perpendicular axis. Rotate the gnomon along the scale displayed in the graphics window. You can also use AutoCursor positions, type a rotation angle, or sketch a point. Selecting the axis second leg for rotation follows these rules:

X second leg = rotate about Z

Y second leg = rotate about Z

5 Z second leg = rotate about Y


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5 Axis Arrowhead—Select to align the gnomon to existing geometry. You can also use AutoCursor positions to place the gnomon on an entity. You may align the gnomon to:

a line or solid edge

tangent to a spline or arc

normal to a surface or solid face

Note: Use the Gnomon Settings dialog box to modify the gnomon’s behavior. To access this dialog box, click the Settings button on the ribbon bar or dialog box.

Or, hold the [Ctrl] key and right–click anywhere in the graphics window.

Setting a Dynamic PlaneUse the Dynamic Plane function and dialog box to create a plane using the dynamic gnomon in the graphics window.

Figure 2-19: Dynamic Plane dialog box

Begin creating a plane by locating the origin of the gnomon. Locating the gnomon creates the origin for the plane. Use AutoCursor positions, enter values in the XYZ


fields, or sketch a location. Click the Move to button to automatically move the gnomon origin to the origin type selected in the drop-down list.

Further manipulation of the gnomon is accomplished by selecting the gnomon and performing the associated function.

Click the Align with button to automatically rotate the gnomon to match the axes orientation of the type selected in the drop-down list. Use the Flip button, or the [F] shortcut key, to flip the orientation of the gnomon during rotation or alignment.

Work Coordinate SystemsYou can shift and move the Mastercam coordinate axes to create a work coordinate system (WCS). Defining a WCS lets you easily move the coordinate system to your part when creating geometry, solids, or toolpaths. Using this technique eliminates the need to perform complex calculations, or otherwise transform the part to the coordinate system. Instead of moving the part, you are moving its orientation.

Gviews, Cplanes, and Tplanes are all measured relative to the WCS and its origin. However, you change the WCS in exactly the same way that you change other views: create a view which captures the orientation and origin that you want to work with, then set the WCS equal to it.

To realign or create a new work coordinate system:From the Status bar, choose WCS. Then select an option in this menu to align the WCS with a different view. You can select a standard view, access the list of saved views, or create a new view based on part geometry or by manipulating a current view.

Note: From the WCS Status bar menu, choose the View Manager option to access the View Manager dialog box. This dialog box provides a central location for working with all views that have been created for the part. You can modify existing views, create new ones, and set the Cplane, Tplane, and the WCS to selected views.

Coordinate Systems and Machine DefinitionsThe WCS and custom views are not used to model your machine tool or axis orientation. Instead, the properties of the machine definition are used to accomplish this.

Mastercam maintains a separate coordinate system, called the world coordinate system, to model the machine tool. The machine definition defines how the axes of the machine tool are physically laid out and oriented, for example, the orientation of


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the Z axis on a horizontal mill. When you create a toolpath and select its tooling, the machine definition provides the necessary information on axis combinations, turret and spindle orientations, and how the machine tools are mounted. This information is available to the post processor.

You can move a part file transparently from a vertical mill to a horizontal mill, or from one spindle of a lathe to another, without having to manually transform the coordinate system in the part file.

Displaying Coordinate InformationMastercam integrates several different status indicators into the graphics window so you can tell at a glance how your work is oriented.

The following information always displays in the lower left corner of the graphics window.

The picture of the coordinate axes (the gnomon) shows the orientation of the current Gview.

The lower line displays the name of the views aligned with the Gview, WCS, Cplane, and Tplane.

Note: The Tplane view information displays only when a machine definition or machine group is active.

The following picture shows the same display when a machine is active. In this example, the Tplane and Cplane are set to the same view (the front of the part):


The following picture shows the same display when the Tplane and Cplane are oriented differently. In this case, both are set to align with different custom views:

Displaying Coordinate AxesAt any time, you can press F9 to display the coordinate axes and origin. The default color for these axes is brown. The axes for the Cplane and Tplane views also display, if they are different (the Cplanes axes in blue, and the Tplane axes green).

To see an enhanced axis display that includes additional gnomons, press Alt+F9:

Understanding the Top View/WCS RelationshipWhen you work in the default WCS, the Top view is parallel to the XY plane. If you have simple 2D geometry, you are looking straight down on it in the Top view. This perspective gets more complicated when the WCS is aligned with a different view. Remember, the Gview, Tplane, and Cplane are all measured relative to the WCS. When the WCS changes, the Top plane also changes to remain parallel to the WCS.

You can work with the Top view in the following ways:

Regardless of the current WCS setting, you can always return to the standard, pre-defined Top view. In the example below, the T/Cplane is set to Top.

In the upper left corner of the graphics window, a gnomon shows the Cplane orientation.

In the upper right corner, another gnomon shows the Tplane orientation.

A third gnomon displays at the WCS origin to indicate its orientation. It appears in the color assigned to the WCS view in the View Manager.


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Whenever you see Top displayed in this way, whether it is for a Cplane, Tplane, Gview, or WCS, it is in reference to the standard Top view.

Use the View Selection dialog box to select the standard, pre-defined Top view. You can choose this view without affecting the view used to align the current WCS. For example, if the WCS is aligned to a custom view but you want to draw geometry in the default XY plane, from the Status bar, choose Planes, Named. Then select Top from the View Selection dialog box.

To select the Top plane relative to the WCS, from the Status bar, choose Planes, Top (WCS). When you look at the status area, instead of Top, the same view name as the WCS displays, instead of Top, indicating that the top plane is now parallel to the WCS instead of to the system XY plane.

If you create 2D geometry in this orientation, it will be parallel to the WCS view, not the XY plane.

Managing ViewsThe View Manager dialog box is a central point where you can select, edit, create and manage views.


Figure 2-20: View Manager dialog box

Some of the tasks that you can accomplish here include:

Applying selected views to the Cplane, Tplane, and the WCS

Editing the origin of a view

Assigning a work offset to a view (when you select the view for a toolpath, the work offset code is automatically generated)

Creating a new view relative to existing views or by copying existing views

The list contains all of the views that have been defined in the current part file. Click a view to select it, then use the buttons in the Set current view and origin section to apply it to the WCS, Cplane, or Tplane.

Using View Manager Right–Click Menu OptionsThe View Manager right–click menu provides quick access to additional view management options, including:

Rename: Change the name of a custom view; you cannot rename a standard view.

Delete: Permanently remove a custom view from the view list and part file; you cannot delete a standard view.

Import: Import views from another part and add them to the view list. First, choose a part file that contains the views to import. Then, in the View


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Selection dialog box, select one or more views to import. The selected views are added to the current file.

Info: Display a report with detailed information about all the views in the view list.

Measuring View OriginsWhen you work with the origin of a view, you often see its location expressed in view coordinates. The coordinate values of the origin express a vector from the original system origin to the view origin, which is measured along the view axes.

This might be easier to understand with an example. Consider the following rectangle, anchored at the point indicated in the following graphic. The anchor point has coordinates X2, Y1.5, Z0.

Using this example, suppose we create a view aligned with this rectangle, with its origin at the anchor point. If the axes of the new view are parallel to the system axes, its origin in view coordinates is the same as the original coordinates of the point (as displayed in the View Manager).

Next, create another view anchored on the same point but with the X and Y axes flipped. In the View Manager, you will see that the coordinate values for its origin are


reversed.

Finally, consider what happens if you rotate the rectangle 25 degrees about its edge closest to the X axis, and create a new view. The anchor point has not moved, but the axes are aligned, as shown below.

In this example, the X axis orientation is the same as the standard system view, but the Y and Z axes are rotated. The X coordinate of the origin is X=2, and the Y and Z coordinates reflect the axis rotation.


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Changing View OriginsYou can use several techniques to change the origin of a view. You can use the View Manager to edit the origin, or you can select a new origin for the Tplane or Cplane. When you do this, you can apply the new origin to the view which is currently mapped to those functions, or create a new view.

Note: When you change the origin for an existing view, Mastercam automatically updates the tool origin for any toolpaths created in that view. These toolpaths will need to be regenerated before they can be posted.

To change the origin from the View Manager:1 From the Status bar, choose WCS, Display View Manager.

2 In the View Manager dialog box, select a view from the list.

3 In the Origin section, enter the coordinates of the new origin in any of the following ways:

Type the coordinates of a new origin in the X-Y-Z fields.

Choose the Select button to choose a new origin from the graphics window.

Choose the Reset button to reset the origin to 0,0,0.


TIPS:

• Deselect the Enable origin check box if the selected view sets only the orientation of a plane, and you do not want to change the origin.

• Select the Associative check box to maintain a link to geometry in the graphics window. For example, you might create a view aligned with a face of your part. If you select the Associative option, Mastercam updates the view's orientation and origin when the underlying geometry moves. Deselect this option if you are creating the view from temporary guides or construction lines that you plan to delete.

4 Click OK to save the changes and exit the function. The origins of any functions that are currently aligned with the view (such as the Tplane or Cplane) are immediately updated to reflect the new origin.

To change the origin from the Planes menu:1 From the Status bar, select Planes, Cplane and Tplane Origin.

2 In the graphics window, select the point for the new origin.

3 In the Update Origin or Create New View dialog box, choose one of the following options:

To modify the origin of the view currently assigned to the Cplane/Tplane, click Update. This completes the procedure.

To create a new view at the new origin, click Create new and continue with the next step.

4 In the New View dialog box, use the following steps to define a new view:

a Type in a new name for the view.

b Reset the origin for the view, as necessary, by clicking the Select button and picking a point in the graphics window.

c To associate a work offset with the view, select the Work Offset # check box. Then type the number of the offset in the field, or choose Get unique to assign the next unused offset number.

d To immediately align the work coordinate system to the new view, choose the Set as WCS option.

e Click OK to save the new view and add it to the view catalog stored in the part file.


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Creating Views from Selected EntitiesUse these steps to create a new view from entities you select in the graphics window. The steps are similar whether you create the view from wireframe or surface geometry, or a solid face.

To create a new view from wireframe or surface geometry:1 From the Status bar Planes or WCS menu, select the option to define planes/

WCS “by Geometry”.

2 Select sufficient geometry to define a plane. Select either:

Three points (these must be individual point entities, not locations based on other entities, like endpoints, midpoints, or intersections)

Two intersecting lines

A flat 2D entity, such as an arc or flat surface (not a solid face)

Note: Use general selection methods to select entities in the graphics window. To select a hidden face, use the Select from back option in the General Selection ribbon bar (available only in Solids mode).

3 Use the following steps in the Select View dialog box to select the positive directions for the axes:

a Click the arrows to preview different sets of axis combinations.

b Click OK to accept the displayed axis combination.

4 Use options in the New View dialog box to define the new view.

Mastercam displays default origin coordinates based on the selected geometry, but you can use the Select button to choose a different location.

Select the Set new origin check box to align the Cplane, Tplane, and/or the WCS origins relative to the view origin when applying the view. If unselected, when you work in the view, its planar orientation is applied to the WCS, Tplane and Cplane functions, but their origin does not change in.

To make the view associative with the geometry that you just selected, select the Associative check box. If selected, when the geometry moves, the definition and origin of the view are automatically updated.

5 Choose OK to save the view. It is immediately applied to the function that was active when you started this process. For example, if you started from the WCS menu, the new view is applied to the WCS.


To create new Gviews from geometryYou can also create a new graphics view from selected geometry using one of the following methods:

From the Gview Status bar menu, select View by Entity.

From the View menu, choose Orient, View by Entity.

The new view is created and applied to the Gview immediately after you select geometry or an entity, but it is not named or saved. To save the new view, choose Save from the Gview Status bar menu. Then use options in the New View dialog box to name the view, set the origin and other parameters and save it to the part file.

Creating Views by RotatingYou can create new views by rotating the current view either a fixed angular amount in each axis, or dynamically.

To rotate a view by a fixed amount:1 From the Planes or WCS Status bar menu, select the option to Rotate planes

(Rotate WCS).

2 In the Rotate view dialog box, type the angle of rotation about each of the axes and choose OK. A preview of the orientation displays in the graphics window as you enter each value and tab to a new field (you might need to move the dialog box to see it).

3 Use options in the New view dialog box to name the view, set the origin and specify other parameters.

4 Choose OK to save the view. It is automatically applied to the function that was active when you started. For example, if you started from the Planes menu, the new view is applied to the Tplane /Cplane.

Note: You can also select Rotate Graphics View from the Gview Status bar menu. To name and save the new view you create using this method, you must choose Save from the Gview Status bar menu and complete the fields in the New View dialog box, as described.

To rotate a view by dragging it in the graphics window.1 Use one of the following methods to select the Dynamic Rotation function:

From the Mastercam menu, choose View, Orient, Dynamic Rotation.

From the Gview Status bar menu, choose Dynamic Rotation.


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Right–click in the graphics window and choose Dynamic Rotation from the right–click menu.

2 Set a rotation point by clicking a point in the graphics window.

3 Drag the mouse to rotate the Gview about the selected point.

4 To fix the view and exit the function, click the mouse again. The status display in the graphics window should read Gview: Not saved:

To cancel the rotated view, from the Gview Status bar menu, choose Previous View.

To save the rotated view, from the Gview Status bar menu, choose Save. Complete the fields in the New View dialog box and click OK to save the view and exit the function.

Creating Views from NormalsThe normal of a line is perpendicular (90°) to it. Use the Normal function in the Planes and WCS Status bar menus to quickly create a new view by defining a plane perpendicular to a selected line. The Z axis lies on the line that you select. Use the New View Orientation ribbon bar and the Select View and New View dialog boxes to:

Specify a rotation value (to fix the angular position of the X Y axes about the Z axis)

Choose an axis orientation

Set the rotation point

Name and save the new view

To define a new normal view:1 From the Planes or WCS Status bar menu, select the option to set “by

normal”.

2 In the graphics window, select the normal line and press [Enter] to set the Z axis parallel to the selected line.

3 Use the Select View dialog box to cycle through the possible axis orientations and choose the one you want. Click OK to accept the view orientation.

4 If you entered a rotation value in Step 3, you are prompted to select a rotation point for the selected axes orientation. Click a point in the graphics window and drag the mouse to preview the axis orientations at different index positions. For example, if you entered an angle of 30 degrees in the


ribbon bar, drag the mouse around the rotation point to see the axes at every 30 degree position. Press [Enter] to fix the axes in position.

5 Use options in the New View dialog box to name the view, set the origin and specify other parameters.

6 Choose OK to save the view. It is automatically applied to the function that was active when you started. For example, if you started from the WCS menu, the new view is applied to the WCS.

Note: You can also create a normal view from the Gview functions. You can select Normal from the Gview Status bar menu, or, from the Mastercam menu, choose View, Orient, Normal View. To name and save the new view you create using these methods, you must choose Save from the Gview Status bar menu and complete the fields in the New View dialog box, as described.

Using WCS and Tplanes to Set Up ToolpathsIn this section, you will review common machining situations and examples of how you might use WCS and Tplanes to set up specific jobs. While the details of your specific machining problems are unique, reviewing this information can help you determine when to create a new WCS and when to use Tplanes.

General Guidelines

If you are programming moves that the machine can accomplish in one setup, use a single WCS.

If the application requires you to manually change the part orientation in the machine, use a different WCS.

For most common milling applications on a 3-axis knee mill or VMC, leave the WCS aligned to the Top view and use the Top tool plane for your work.

If you have a rotary axis, do the following:

If the fixture rotates continuously while cutting the part, leave the WCS and Tplane alone, and use the Rotary options from the Toolpath parameters tab.

If the fixture must rotate to a fixed position before the toolpath starts to machine a regular 2D or 3D toolpath, set the Tplane to the desired plane before creating the toolpath.

For 5-axis machines and multiaxis toolpaths, use tool planes to work on the various faces.


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Horizontal Machining Center/TombstoningIf you are machining a block on the B axis of an HMC, as you work your way around the block for each toolpath, set the Tplane equal to the Front, Right, Back and Left views accordingly, with respect to the WCS.

Moving the Coordinate System to the Part (Machining Flat)Suppose a part must be machined lying flat on the table. The drawing in the Mastercam file is oriented in a non-standard plane and you cannot rotate, transform, or move the geometry in the file.

To address this situation, create a new view aligned with the part geometry. Choose WCS from the Status bar, select WCS by Geometry, and select either two lines from the contour or one of the arcs. When the New View dialog box displays, assign a name, locate the origin at a suitable point, and, optionally, assign a work offset for the view. Click OK to save the new view.

Select the new view for the WCS, and then align the Tplane and Cplane to it. Choose Planes from the Status bar, then Top (WCS). Create a 2D toolpath as usual. When you post the part, 2D tool motion commands are dimensioned from the part origin, as if the part is lying flat.


Machining Two Parts on Different FixturesSuppose you must create operations to machine two different parts. Each part is mounted on a different fixture on the table.

In this situation, assign a different work offset to each fixture. Then, when you create the toolpaths for each part, include the offset number in each toolpath. By basing each toolpath on an offset number instead of a coordinate position, you can run the job without worrying about how the fixtures are positioned on the table. Before running the job, the operator needs only to touch off the parts properly to set each offset position in the control.

To accomplish this in Mastercam, choose View Manager from the WCS Status bar menu and use the View Manager dialog box to create a new view for each fixture. To create each view, click on the Top view, and choose Copy. Then type a name for the new view and enter the offset for the fixture. To define an origin for the view, in the Origin section, choose Select and pick a point on the fixture as shown in the above picture.

Before creating operations for each part, choose Named from the Planes Status bar menu, and select the view you created for the fixture. When you post the operations, Mastercam automatically outputs the correct offset codes and creates tool positions relative to the origin specified for each fixture.


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Lathe Coordinate SystemsTraditional lathe applications use a very different coordinate system from milling applications. Instead of a 3D, XYZ space, a typical lathe coordinate system is 2D with the tool axis perpendicular to the spindle (Z axis) instead of parallel to it.

Mastercam includes a number of functions you use to create lathe parts and toolpaths for different types of lathes. These tools include machine definitions, Cplanes, and the WCS. In the following sections you will learn techniques for working with lathe coordinates.

Lathe Tool and Machine DefinitionsTool and machine definitions provide important information that allows Mastercam to interpret the lathe coordinates.

The machine definition describes where the spindle and tool turrets are mounted, and the direction and orientation of each of the machine axes, including the angle of a slant-bed lathe. For sophisticated multi-turret and multi-spindle lathes, where individual axes can exist on several components, you can set up axis combinations that link the axes of specific components together.

The tool definition specifies the turret/spindle where the tool is mounted, its orientation, and mounting direction. When you select a tool (and axis combination, if applicable) for an operation, the turret, spindle, and tool orientation are read from the tool definition.

For the most part, axis orientation information from the machine definition is not used by the Mastercam interface; it is read by the post processor. You use standard views and planes to work with part geometry. When you post operations to create the NC code, the post processor reads machine-specific axes information from the machine definition.

Rotating Lathe Tool AxesMastercam supports “B-axis” lathes where the tool is mounted on a rotary axis (typically B) similar to a mill. The rotary axis can be swiveled to change the angle at

Lathe 2D, XY Mill 3D, XYZ

+X

-X

+Z-Z

+Z

+Y

-Y

+X-X

-Z


which the tool is used. The tool can also be rotated about its long axis to a specific orientation; this allows you to use the same tool on both the main and sub-spindles.

To generate the proper rotational output, rather than change the Tplane as you might with a mill, enter the tool angle for a lathe toolpath by clicking the Tool Angle button in the Toolpath parameters tab.

Note: This option is available only if the appropriate rotary axes have been defined in the active machine definition.

Use the Tool Angle dialog box that displays to enter the angle of the tool. You can enter the angle directly in the field, or select a line parallel to the Feed Direction or Plunge Direction by clicking the appropriate button. Then enter the rotation angle of the tool about its axis. You can select 0 or 180, or choose Other and type the desired angle in the field.

TIP: You can also store a tool angle in the tool definition. Typically, this is done to support lathes without a B axis in order to create tools that are at an angle to the primary axes. For lathes with true B-axis capability, enter a tool angle of 0 in the tool definition so that the tool is parallel to the axis for compatibility with a tool changer. Then use the Tool Angle button and dialog box to set the desired tool angle for each operation.

IMPORTANT: The angle entered in the Tool Angle dialog box is measured relative to any tool angle stored in the tool definition; it does not simply replace or overwrite it.

Lathe CplanesMastercam provides special lathe construction planes that allow you to work in familiar lathe coordinates. For conventional 2D turning applications, use the Status bar Planes menu to select the coordinate system. Select Lathe Radius or Lathe Diameter coordinates, and then specify the desired X and Z directions.

This sets the Cplane and Tplane; there is no need to change the WCS. For conventional 2D turning applications, you can leave the WCS as the system Top view.

DRAWING AND DESIGN BASICS / Editing Your Work • 137

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Vertical Turret LathesMastercam includes a special system-defined view which transforms the lathe coordinate system for a vertical turret lathe. From the Status bar, choose WCS, View Manager. Then select LATHE Z = WORLD Z. Click the Set WCS icon to align the work coordinate system with this view and choose OK.

This maps the lathe Z axis so that it is vertical. You can now choose a diameter or radius coordinate system from the Planes menu. When you work with the part in the graphics window, it is oriented vertically, as it will be on the machine.

Note: Prior to Mastercam X Lathe, when you generated a lathe turning toolpath, Mastercam automatically wrote the coordinates to the NCI file in terms of a typical lathe coordinate system. Instead of using the standard XYZ axes like Mastercam Mill, the coordinates in the NCI file were written using standard lathe axes.

This is no longer true. In Mastercam X Lathe, you can still work in familiar lathe coordinate systems (either radius or diameter) by selecting them from the Planes menu on the Status bar.

However, if you are a post writer and familiar with creating posts for earlier versions of Mastercam Lathe, your post processors may now need to perform this initial coordinate transformation rather than just reading it from the NCI file. For more information on MP post processors or detailed information about the NCI file, see the “MP Post Processor Reference Guide”, available on CD from your Mastercam Reseller.

Editing Your WorkUse functions in the Edit menu to undo/redo and delete/undelete the actions you perform when working with CAD functions. You will use these functions often, particularly when you are learning to use Mastercam.


TIP: You also use functions in the Xform (transform) and Analyze menus to modify entities. For more information, see “Modifying Geometry” on page 227.

Undo/RedoYou can undo and redo one or more sequential events that occur while working with the current file and design functions.

An event is defined as a function-based operation. There is no difference between creating a single line or using an Xform (transform) function that creates 100 lines. Each is a single event.

The events you can undo and redo are limited to Mastercam CAD functions, including those you use to create or edit geometry, drafting entities, file annotations, and entity attributes. If your Mastercam installation includes Mastercam Solids, you can also undo/redo solids creation and transform operations.

The following CAD functions are not saved as events:

Editing live entities. However, fixing the entity by exiting the function is saved as an event. If you undo this type of event, you delete the entity.

Delete/undelete

Blank/unblank

Hide/unhide

Setting system attributes (color, level, point and lines styles)

Status bar functions (Gview, Cplane, Tplane, WCS, Z depth, Levels, Groups, 2D/3D construction)

Zooming or panning images in the graphics window

By default, Mastercam can save up to 2 billion undo/redo events, restricted only by the amount of random access memory (RAM) available on your PC. To enhance your PC performance, you can configure Mastercam to store only a specific number of events and allocate a maximum amount of RAM to the undo/redo functions. For more information, see “Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences” on page 836.


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Notes:

• Each time you open a part file or create a new file, the list of undo/redo events is cleared from memory. However, saving or merging the current file does not clear this list.

• Due to the complex and associative nature of creating and modifying toolpaths, you cannot undo or redo toolpath-related functions.

• You can undo/redo the creation of a solid and Xform events involving a solid. However, other Solids functions, including changes you make to solid operations in the Solids Manager, are not stored as undo/redo events.

Delete/UndeleteDelete and undelete functions in the Edit, Delete submenu permanently remove or restore one or more selected entities from the graphics window and from the part file. The Delete Duplicates (simple) and Delete Duplicates - Advanced functions find and automatically delete duplicate entities in the current file. This section describes each delete and undelete function and how and when to use it.

Deleting Duplicate EntitiesDuplicate entities make files larger than necessary and interfere with chaining. Mastercam provides a number of options you use to delete duplicate entities.

File Open: Configure Mastercam to automatically find and delete duplicate entities every time you open a file, and provide an online summary of the types and number of duplicate entities that were deleted. For more information, see “Start/Exit” on page 864.

Translate /Join: When you translate and join entities, duplicate lines sometimes result. You can configure Mastercam to automatically delete all duplicate lines created during join operations. For more information, see “CAD Settings” on page 841.

Editing: Use the Delete duplicates and Delete duplicates (advanced) functions in the Edit menu to find and delete duplicate entities in the current file. Each function is described below.

Delete Duplicates (simple)You can automatically delete duplicate entities based on their XYZ position and entity type. If you select entities before choosing this function, Mastercam searches only for duplicates that match the selected entity


types. Otherwise, it locates and deletes all duplicates for all entity types. An online summary informs you of the entities that were deleted.

Figure 2-21: Example: Delete Duplicates summary

Delete Duplicates (advanced)Use this function to find and delete duplicate entities in the current file based on their XYZ position, selected entity type, and the entity attributes you specify, including:

This function also provides an online summary of the entities that were deleted.

Delete EntityYou can use different methods to delete entities, based on whether you select entities before or after choosing the Delete function.

First use the General Selection ribbon bar options to select entities. Then press the Delete key on your PC keyboard or choose the Delete entity function from the Edit menu.

First choose the Delete entity function. Then select the entities to delete and press the [Enter] key or choose the End selection button in the General Selection ribbon bar.

Notes:

• To recover the entities you delete in error, use the Undelete or Undo functions.

• To temporarily remove selected entities from the graphics window, use the Hide or Blank functions. For more information, see “Hiding Entities” on page 160 and “Blanking Entities” on page 160.

Color Line Style Point Style

Level Line Width


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Undeleting EntitiesUndelete functions restore one or more deleted entities to the current file. You can undelete only the entities you deleted while working with the current file. For example, if you delete entities from File 1, you can “undelete” them only until you open File 2.

Undelete functions include:

Undelete entity: Restores the last entity you deleted. You can continue to select this option to incrementally undelete entities.

Undelete # of entities: Restores the number of specified entities by reversing the sequence in which they were deleted. For example, if you deleted 20 entities and wanted to only delete the first 15, choose this function and type 5 in the field. The last 5 entities that were deleted are “undeleted” and restored to the part file.

Undelete entities by mask: Opens the Selection mask dialog box where you can specify the criteria you want to use to select the entities to undelete.

TIP: To recover the entities you delete in error, use the Undo function.


Working with LevelsA Mastercam file can contain separate levels for wireframe, surfaces, drafting entities, and toolpaths. By organizing your files into levels, you control the areas of the drawing you want to be visible at any time and the entities you can select. This control makes it easier to work with the file, and helps prevent you from affecting areas of the drawing you do not want to change. You can name levels and organize multiple levels into Level Sets, which you can hide or display as a group.


Setting the Main Level (page 142)

Filtering Levels in the Level Manager (page 143)

Using the Level Manager Right–Click Menu (page 144)

Creating Level Sets (page 144)

Reusing Level Names (Save/Get) (page 145)

Setting the Main LevelIn Mastercam, you can create and name up to 2 billion levels and set any one to be the main level. For each level you create, you assign a unique number and, optionally, a name. The main level is the current working level. Any geometry that you create is always placed on the main level. There can be only one main level at a time, but you can change the main level as often as necessary to work with the part. The current main level appears in the Level field in the Status bar to help you keep track of the level you are working in.

Choose one of the following methods to set the main level using the Status bar Level field:

Type the level number in the field.

Click the drop-down arrow in the Level field and choose a level from the MRU list.

Click the Levels button to open the Level Manager dialog box. In the Level Manager dialog box (Figure 2-22: Level Manager dialog box on page 143), the main level is highlighted in yellow. Take any one of the following actions to set the main level:

Click once on the level number in the Number column.

Choose a level to select it. Then right–click and choose Make Main.

Type a number in the Main Level, Number text box.

Choose the Select button. The Levels Manager dialog box minimizes so that you can return to the graphics window and select an entity on the

DRAWING AND DESIGN BASICS / Working with Levels • 143

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level that you want to use. When you select the entity, the Level Manager dialog box expands and shows the main level set to the level of the selected entity.

Figure 2-22: Level Manager dialog box

Filtering Levels in the Level ManagerYou can filter the levels displayed in the Level Manager table by selecting one of the following options:

Used: Displays only levels that contain entities in the current file.

Named: Displays only levels that have an entry in the Name field/column.

Main

Hidden level

Visible level indicator

Set main level bytyping the number

Set main level by selecting an entity in the graphics window

Choose an option to filter the list of levels that appear in the table.


Used or named: Displays only levels that contain entities in the current file and those that have an entry in the Name field /column.

Range: Displays only levels that fall within the specified range.

Note: The main level is always included in the table, regardless of the selected filter.

Using the Level Manager Right–Click MenuThe Level Manager offers an extensive right–click menu you can choose from, including:

Make Main: Set the selected level as the main level.

Get Named Levels: Load a previously saved .CSV (comma separated value) file containing a level and level set naming scheme into the current file.

Save Named Levels: Save all levels and level set names in the current file as a .CSV file for reuse in other Mastercam files.

Report: Create a text-based report of all level details defined in the Levels Manager dialog box. You can edit, print, and save this report to a file.

Contrast Rows: Enhance visibility between rows by shading every other row in the Level Manager list.

Refresh levels list: Redraws the information displayed in the levels list.

Purge empty levels: Removes levels that contain no geometry.

Renumber level: Moves entities to an unused level while maintaining the level name, level set, and display status.

Cut: Removes geometry from a level and keeps it available for pasting.

Copy: Copies geometry from a level.

Paste: Places the cut or copied geometry into a level.

Delete: Removes geometry from a level.

The following options are enabled only when you right–click in the Level Set column.

All Level Set On: View a set of levels based on their Level Set name.

All Level Set Off: Hide a set of levels based on their Level Set name.

Creating Level SetsCreating sets of levels helps you to organize levels. Only one set name can be assigned per level.

DRAWING AND DESIGN BASICS / Working with Levels • 145

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To create a set or assign a level to a set:1 In the Levels Manager dialog box and Level Set column, double-click to

access an editable cell.

2 Type the level set name.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 for all levels you want to assign to the same named set.

Notes:

• To sort all levels by set name, click the Level Set column heading.

• To show or hide a set of levels based on their Level Set name, right-click in the Level Set column cell of one member of the set and choose All Level Set On or All Level Set Off.

Reusing Level Names (Save/Get)Use the Get Named Levels and Saved Named Levels functions (available in the right-click menu of the Levels Manager dialog box) to save all levels and level set names and reuse them in other Mastercam files. This allows you to standardize a naming scheme and use it in other Mastercam files without having to manually recreate it in each file. This standardization makes it easier to share files between work stations, other departments in your organization, and with other companies.

To save all levels to a file:1 After you define levels and set names in the Levels Manager dialog box, right-

click in any column and choose Save Named Levels.

2 Use the fields in the Save As dialog box to save the named file to a specified location.

Notes:

• The CSV file format is compatible with many applications, including

Microsoft® Excel®.

• You can also manually create a CSV file in Excel. An Excel CSV file usually contains three columns of information: level number, level name, and level set name. Level number and level name columns are required, while the set name column is optional.

To get saved levels from a file:1 Right–click in any column in the Level Manager and choose Get Named

Levels.


2 Use the fields in the Open file dialog box to navigate to the file location and select the .CSV file to use.

3 Click Open to copy the levels and level set names defined in the specified file to the current file.

Power User TipsPower user tips go beyond design basics to help you master advanced Mastercam CAD features, including:

Drafting (page 146)

Hiding Entities (page 160)

Blanking Entities (page 160)

Copying Entities (page 161)

DraftingUse functions in the Create, Drafting menu and its submenus to work with drafting entities. In this section, you will learn to create and modify different types of drafting entities, and apply them effectively. For more information, see:

Drafting Dimensions on page 146

Smart Drafting Dimensions on page 147

Baseline, Chained, and Ordinate Dimensions on page 148

Working with Ordinate Dimensions on page 150

Non-Dimensioned Drafting Entities on page 153

Associating Drafting Entities with Geometry on page 156

Defining Drafting Options on page 159

Drafting DimensionsDrafting dimensions measure the size of geometric entities or the distances or angles between entities. All dimensions contain text, up to two leader lines, and/or up to two witness lines.

DRAWING AND DESIGN BASICS / Power User Tips • 147

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Figure 2-23: Drafting dimensions

To create drafting dimensions for geometric entities, you use functions in the Drafting Dimension and Ordinate submenus. Mastercam supports linear, angular, and radius/diameter dimension formats, and for each format, a variety of dimension types.

Linear dimensions measure the length of a line or the distance between two points and include the following dimension types: horizontal, vertical, parallel, perpendicular, baseline, chained, and tangent. You can also use horizontal and vertical dimensions to measure the radius or diameter of arcs and circles.

Radius/diameter dimensions display rotating leader lines and measure the radius or diameter of arcs and circles.

Angular dimensions measure the angle formed by any of the following: two non-parallel lines, two points and a line, three points, or by a line and a horizon (a virtual line is defined by specifying an angle relative to the X axis of the Cplane).

Note: For more information on baseline, chained, and ordinate drafting entities, see page 148.

TIP: You can assign drafting entities to their own level, which makes it easy to filter the display of drafting entities, as necessary.

Smart Drafting DimensionsSmart Drafting Dimensions is an intelligent, modal drafting environment you use in conjunction with the Dimension ribbon bar to quickly create and edit dimensions applied to geometric entities. To activate Smart Drafting Dimensions, choose the Smart Drafting Dimensions function in the Create, Drafting submenu.


Most of the singular dimension functions that appear in the Create, Drafting, Dimensions and Ordinate submenus (such as Horizontal, Vertical, Parallel) can be accessed directly from the Dimension ribbon bar.

Figure 2-24: Dimension ribbon bar

With Smart Drafting Dimensions, you can dynamically create and edit dimensions for lines, circles, and arcs using select, drag, and draw techniques—without selecting any other Drafting menu functions. You can also edit and reposition notes and labels.

Dimension Ribbon Bar Shortcut KeysAll Dimension ribbon bar functions have shortcut keys, making it easy to modify the type and format of drafting entities. For example, when dimensioning a closed arc in Smart Drafting Dimensions, the default dimension type is diameter (D). To change to radius, type [R] after selecting the dimension, or as you drag and draw the dimension. To change it back to diameter, type [D].

TIP: To become familiar with ribbon bar shortcut keys, activate Learning Mode in the Settings, Configuration, Screen page. When Learning Mode is active, you can view all shortcut keys associated with ribbon bar options by moving the mouse over the ribbon bar.

Baseline, Chained, and Ordinate DimensionsBaseline, chained, and ordinate dimensions are similar in that they reference other dimensions and are created as a series of dimensions. These dimensions are useful in applications such as sheet metal design, where you specify a grid pattern for drilling holes.

To create these types of dimensions:

From the Create, Drafting, Dimension submenu, choose Baseline.

From the Create, Drafting, Dimension submenu, choose Chained.

PositionWitness

Witness

Arrows

Center

ed

Format / Type Alignment OptionsLeaders

Horizon

tal

Vertic

al

Orienta

tion

Lock

Adjust

Text

Diamete

r

Font

Radius

BoxNumbe

r

Height

Angle

Quadra

nt

Align Add le

aders

Remove

lead

ers

Option

s

Update


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Choose a function from the Create, Drafting, Dimension, Ordinate submenu (For more information, see “Working with Ordinate Dimensions” on page 150.)

Dimensions that reference a single base point (baseline or ordinate) or an adjacent dimension (chained) and highlight the distances within or between entities can be easier to understand and to program than dimensions that measure individual geometry.

There are some differences in how baseline, chained, and ordinate dimensions measure and display distances. These differences are discussed below and may affect your choice of which dimension is most appropriate in a given situation.

Figure 2-25: Baseline, chained, and ordinate dimensions

Baseline DimensionsBaseline dimensions reference an existing linear dimension which becomes the base, or zero point, for all baseline dimensions in the series. Baseline dimensions inherit their orientation from the initial dimension but are not associated. Create baseline dimensions when:

Associativity is not important

“Stacked” display and orientation suits the rest of the drawing

Measurement from a common reference point is desired


Chained DimensionsChained dimensions, like baseline dimensions, are linear. However, instead of referencing a single base point, each dimension in a chain references the previously created dimension. Chained dimensions inherit their orientation from the initial dimension but are not associated. Create chained dimensions when:

Relative associativity is important

“Stacked” display and orientation suit the rest of the drawing

Measurement of interval between points is desired

Ordinate DimensionsOrdinate dimensions reference an initial base ordinate dimension that you create or select and whose position Mastercam designates as zero. Because they are not linear, ordinate dimensions give you greater flexibility with regard to positioning, alignment, and orientation. Base (parent) or secondary (child) ordinate dimension may be associated with geometry. Create ordinate dimensions when:

Associativity is important

Non-linear display and flexible positioning, alignment, and orientation suit the rest of the drawing

Measurement from a common reference point is desired

Working with Ordinate DimensionsWhile non-linear in format, ordinate dimensions can display tolerances. The base dimension is an initial ordinate dimension that you create or select and whose position Mastercam designates as 0.0000. For each child dimension, Mastercam calculates its distance from the base dimension to determine its text value. Base or child ordinate dimensions may be associated with geometry independently of each other. However, if a change in geometry causes an associated base ordinate dimension to become dirty, all children of that dimension become dirty as well. (For more information, see “Associating Drafting Entities with Geometry” on page 156.)

Use the following options from the Create, Drafting, Dimension, Ordinate submenu to create and modify ordinate dimensions.

Ordinate, HorizontalChoose this function to create horizontal ordinate dimensions that measure the horizontal distance, from a common base point, along the X axis of the current Cplane.


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Figure 2-26: Ordinate, Horizontal

Ordinate, VerticalThis function allows you to create vertical ordinate dimensions that measure the vertical distance, from a common base point, along the Y axis of the current Cplane. The following example shows a vertical ordinate dimension.

Figure 2-27: Ordinate, Vertical

Ordinate, ParallelWith this function, you can create parallel ordinate dimensions that measure the distance, from a common base point, along the axis formed by two points that you enter. The following example shows a parallel ordinate dimension.


Figure 2-28: Ordinate, Parallel

Ordinate, Add to an ExistingUse this function to add secondary, or child, ordinate dimensions to an existing ordinate base dimension that you select and which Mastercam designates as 0.0000.

Ordinate, WindowTo create multiple sets of ordinate dimensions from a common origin (base point), choose the Ordinate, Window function. Then set parameters for dimensioning the selected entities in the Ordinate Dimension: Automatic dialog box.

Figure 2-29: Drafting, Ordinate Window dialog box


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Once you set a base point and other dimension parameters, Mastercam automatically creates a base (parent) dimension and all possible child dimensions relative to this point based on the selected parameters and entities.

You can create horizontal and/or vertical ordinate dimensions, and create dimensions at the center points of arcs, the endpoints of arcs, and/or the endpoints of lines, splines, and surface curves. Using this method saves time because you create many ordinate dimensions at once, eliminating the need to enter individual points.

The ordinate dimensions you create using this method are not associated with any geometry; however, child dimensions are associated with the base point.

Ordinate, AlignChoose this function to select, reposition, and align the text of all related ordinate dimensions along a common axis. Aligning ordinate dimensions can improve neatness in a drawing while highlighting their relatedness. However, if aligning the ordinate dimensions interferes with other entities in the drawing, you can use the Dimension Ribbon bar Align option to move a selected ordinate dimension independently from the others.

Non-Dimensioned Drafting EntitiesNon-dimensioned drafting entities do not measure the size of geometric entities or the distances or angles between entities. They consist of freestanding witness and leader lines, notes, and hatch patterns. Each Drafting function you use to create non-dimensioned drafting entities is described below.

Create Witness LineUse this function to create freestanding witness lines. You can associate freestanding witness lines with the geometry you select during their creation or by entering points relative to an entity, such as midpoints, endpoints, center points, or quadrant points.

Create LeaderIn Mastercam, leader lines (drafting lines with single arrowheads that function as pointers) most often point from a dimension’s text to its witness lines. Unless you turn off the display of leader lines, Mastercam creates leader lines automatically when you create dimensions. You can use this function to manually add leader lines with or without note text to create labels or freestanding leader lines.


Create NoteThis function allows you to create drafting notes and labels, and as an alternative way to create freestanding single, segmented, or multiple leader lines. Drafting notes and labels are blocks of text (one or more lines) which you can insert into a drawing. Notes are standalone blocks of text, whereas labels have one or more leader lines used as pointers.

Figure 2-30: Drafting Note dialog box

You enter note or label text by typing it or by loading it from an ASCII file. You can also create line and paragraph breaks within a block of note or label text.

Create X-HatchTo fill a selected closed curve boundary with a specific hatch pattern, use the Hatch function and choose from standard and user-defined patterns.


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Figure 2-31: Drafting Hatch dialog box


Figure 2-32: User-defined Hatch dialog box

You can also customize the spacing, and rotation angle of the selected pattern.

Note: Hatch patterns fill closed boundaries, with the exception of nested chains which form holes in the pattern.

Associating Drafting Entities with GeometryIn Mastercam, you can associate drafting entities (dimensions, labels, leaders, and witness lines) with geometric entities. If the geometry changes size or position, you use functions in the Drafting, Regen submenu to regenerate associated drafting entities to reflect the change. Regenerating associated drafting entities eliminates the need to recreate new drafting entities each time the geometry changes.

Note: Use the Settings, Configuration, Dimensions and Notes, Dimension Settings properties page to activate drafting associativity and further define its parameters. For more information, see “Dimensions and Notes” on page 848.

Read the following topics for more information on:

Creating Associated Drafting Entities (page 157)

Changing Associated Drafting Entities (page 157)


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Associated Drafting Entity Status (page 158)

Regenerating Associated Drafting Entities (page 158)

Creating Associated Drafting EntitiesYou can configure Mastercam to turn associativity on or off for drafting sessions. For most drafting applications, you work with associated entities because of their labor-saving benefits.

You can associate labels, freestanding leader lines and witness lines, and the following dimension types:

Notes:

• Chained dimensions cannot be associated with geometric entities.

• For more information on setting drafting configuration parameters, see “Defining Drafting Options” on page 159.

To be associated, you must use Mastercam to create a drafting entity for a selected geometric entity when the Associativity parameter is selected (active) for the drafting session.

TIP: For preliminary drawings, it may be easier to work with non-associated drafting entities when geometry is frequently changing, parts are not drawn to scale, precise or current dimensions are not essential, or you want to lock original dimensions in place.

Changing Associated Drafting EntitiesOnce a drafting entity is created, you cannot change it from associated to non-associated, or vice versa. You can only delete the existing drafting entity and create a new one that has the desired property. If you delete geometry with an associated drafting entity, Mastercam prompts you to delete the associated entity or dissociate it.

horizontal vertical

parallel perpendicular

baseline angular

circular (diameter, radius) ordinate (base only)

tangent point


Associated Drafting Entity StatusThe status of an associated drafting entity is clean or dirty, depending on whether it currently matches its associated geometry. Each status is defined below.

Clean—The drafting entity's position and value (if a dimension) match the geometry. This status applies to a newly created or regenerated dimension.

Dirty—The drafting entity's position and/or value do not match the geometry. This status occurs if you move or resize an object without regenerating associated dimension. Dirty dimensions are highlighted in a specific color (red is the default color).

Regenerating Associated Drafting EntitiesWhen you create associated drafting entities, changing the size or position of geometry changes the status of associated drafting entities from clean to dirty.

Regenerating the drafting entity updates its position and/or value so that they match the geometry. You typically regenerate associated drafting entities after you:

Resize an entity to update the associated dimension’s value.

Move an entity to also move the associated dimension.

Modify/trim an arc so that a dimensioned quadrant point is no longer valid. Mastercam prompts you to convert the dimension to a radius/diameter format or to dissociate it.

Notes: Use one of the following methods to specify regeneration parameters:

• Dimension Settings page under Dimensions and Notes in Settings, Configuration.

• Settings tab of the Drafting Options dialog box (Create, Drafting, Drafting Options).

To regenerate associated drafting entities, choose one the following Regenerate options from the Create, Drafting, Regen submenu.

Automatic—Use this function to regenerate all associated drafting entities automatically during the current drafting session, whenever a change in geometry requires it.

Validate—This function lets you regenerate all drafting entities—associated and non-associated. It runs each entity through the regeneration process, recreating or reformatting the entity based on the Drafting Options parameters used in the current drafting session.

Select—This function allows you to select the associated drafting entities you want to regenerate.


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All—Choose this function to immediately regenerate all associated drafting entities.

Note: Only associated drafting entities can be regenerated. However, you can validate both associated and non-associated drafting entities.

Defining Drafting OptionsTo edit parameters that define drafting entities, choose the Drafting Options or Multi-Edit function from the Create, Drafting menu. Both functions open the Drafting Options dialog box. However, you use the Options function to make changes that apply only to all new drafting entities that you create. Use the Multi-Edit function to change the characteristics of existing drafting entities that you select in the graphics window.

Figure 2-33: Drafting Options dialog box

Another important difference between these functions is that the Options function lets you view and modify all Drafting Options pages, (Dimension Attributes, Dimension Text, Dimension Setting, Note Text, and Leaders/Witness).


With the Dimension Multi-Edit function, you view and modify only the pages with parameters that are associated with the drafting entities you select. For example, if you do not select drafting entities that are notes, the Notes Text page does not appear.

To set drafting parameters in the Drafting Options dialog box, define parameters in each page.

IMPORTANT: The changes you make using the Drafting Options and Dimension Multi-Edit functions apply only to the current Mastercam session. To save drafting parameters with your Mastercam configuration file, use the Settings, Configuration function.

Hiding EntitiesTo temporarily remove and restore selected entities in the graphics window display, use the following Hide and Unhide functions, available from the Screen menu.

Hide EntityUse this function after selecting the entities you want to keep in the graphics window. It temporarily removes all unselected entities from view in the graphics window, allowing you to focus on a small amount of geometry. If hidden entities already exist in the file, this function acts as a toggle to “unhide” them.

Hide More EntitiesThis function is available only if hidden entities already exist in the file. It allows you to select additional entities from the current display and remove the unselected entities, hiding even more entities from view.

Unhide SomeYou use this function only if you are already working with a file that contains hidden entities. It displays only the entities that are hidden and allows you to select the entities you want to “unhide” and add back to the graphics window view.

Blanking EntitiesYou use the following Blank and Unblank Screen menu functions to selectively remove and restore a limited number of entities from the graphics window view.


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Blank EntityTo reduce the complexity of the screen display, choose this function and select the entities to remove from view in the graphics window. You can select entities on any level.

Unblank EntityIf blanked entities exist in the file, use this function to “unblank” them and restore all previously blanked entities to the graphics window.

IMPORTANT: There are important differences between the Blank and Hide functions:

• With Hide, you select the entities that will remain in the graphics window; all unselected entities are removed.

• With Blank, you select only the entities to remove.• You can save blanked entities with a file; hidden entities are not saved.• Choose Hide to remove many entities from the display, or to quickly restore

hidden entities. • Choose Blank to selectively remove and restore a limited number of entities

from the display.

Copying EntitiesThe Edit menu provides you with basic Cut, Copy and Paste functions. You can also access these functions using their keyboard shortcuts, [Ctrl+X], [Ctrl+C], and [Ctrl+V], respectively. These functions allow you to cut, copy, and paste selected entities between different Mastercam files.

IMPORTANT: Only geometry and drafting entities are copied between files. Toolpath operations and machine, control, and toolpath-related data are not transferred with the selected entities.

To cut, copy, and paste entities:1 Use general selection methods to pre-select the entities to cut or copy.

2 Choose the Cut or Copy function or type [Ctrl+X] or [Ctrl+C]. This places a copy of the selected entities in the Windows clipboard.


Note: Cut entities to remove them from the existing file. To leave the existing file unchanged, Copy the entities.

3 To save the selected entities to another file, choose one of the following methods:

Close the current file, open a new or existing file, and choose Paste or type [Ctrl+V] to paste the entities.

Open another Mastercam session and file (new or existing), and choose Paste or type [Ctrl+V] to paste the entities. When you paste the selected entities, they are “live”.

4 Use options in the Paste ribbon bar to override the entity attributes for color, level, line style, point style and line width.

Figure 2-34: Paste ribbon bar

5 To exit the paste function, press the [Esc] key, or choose another Mastercam function.

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chapter 3

Creating GeometryThis chapter introduces the functions and ribbon bars you use to create a broad range of geometric entities. You will learn to create geometry and work with essential Mastercam CAD functions, including:

Using the Sketcher Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 165

Working with “Live” Entities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 166

Creating Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 168

Creating Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 172

Creating Arcs and Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 177

Creating Miscellaneous Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . page 182

Creating Fillets and Chamfers . . . . . . . . . . . . page 206

Creating Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 208

Creating Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 212

Creating Primitives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 218

Creating Autosynced Rails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 224

CREATING GEOMETRY / Using the Sketcher Toolbar • 165

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Using the Sketcher ToolbarThe Sketcher toolbar groups its functions in drop-down lists, organized by entity type.

Figure 3-1: Sketcher toolbar

TIP: Other toolbars, such as the Solids and Surfaces toolbars, offer additional functions for geometry creation. You can access all of these functions and more from the Create and Solids menus. See “Working with Surfaces and Solids” on page 280 to learn more about creating these entity types.

Sketching basic geometry in either 2D or 3D mode is free-form, fast, and easy. Simply select a Sketcher function from the drop-down list, and then use the mouse to click in the graphics window and create the entity. For many Sketcher functions, you also use function ribbon bar or dialog box options to define or edit the live entity. If you prefer keyboarding, shortcut keys provide access to most ribbon bar options.

Notes:

• For many types of geometry creation, you use the AutoCursor with a selected Sketcher function to create and edit entities. For more information, see “Using the AutoCursor Ribbon Bar” on page 78.

• You can customize the Sketcher toolbar by adding or removing functions. For more information, see “Customizing Toolbar Functions” on page 814.

• Sketcher functions do not include drafting, transform, modify, surfaces (with the exception of shapes), or solids (with the exception of primitives).

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Phantom, Live, and Fixed EntitiesEntities in Mastercam have phantom, live, and fixed states.

When you create shapes dynamically using the mouse, they are drawn with a dashed white line. This is called the phantom state. When you choose the final position to create the entity, the entity becomes live.

Live entities are those in the process of being created. You can edit their properties using options in the selected function ribbon bar or dialog box, remove them from the graphics window, or “fix” them.

Entities become fixed entities when they have been accepted–for example, when you press Enter or click OK or Apply to complete a function.

After you create an entity using one of the Sketcher functions, it remains live until you exit the function, start a new function, or create another entity. Live entities are designated by a live entity color. When you accept an entity, it changes to the normal entity color.

After entities become fixed, you can edit them using the Edit, Analyze, and Xform (transform) menu functions.

TIP: To define Mastercam color defaults–including geometry and live entity colors, choose Settings, Configuration, and select the Colors properties page.

Working with “Live” EntitiesMastercam provides flexible options for editing basic entities. When you first create an entity, it is considered live and can be edited within the ribbon bar or dialog box function you used to create it. The live color is light blue by default, although you can customize it. Once the entity becomes fixed, you must use other functions to edit it.

Note: For more information, see “Editing Entities” on page 227.

CREATING GEOMETRY / Using the Sketcher Toolbar • 167

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For example, to create a line and edit it while it is live:1 Choose Create, Line, Endpoint from the menu bar at the top of the screen.

The Line ribbon bar displays.

2 To create the endpoints of the new line entity, click two positions anywhere in the graphics window. The line appears in the live entity color.

3 Click the Edit Endpoint 1 button.

4 Move the cursor to a new position for the first line endpoint, and then click again.

5 Click the Edit Endpoint 2 button.

6 Move the cursor to a new position, and then click again.

7 Repeat Steps 3–6 until you are satisfied with the endpoints.

8 To change the line length:

a Press [L] or click the Length button.

b Type a new length and press [Enter].

9 To change the angle:

a Press [A] or click the Angle button.

b Type a new angle and press [Enter].

10 Use one of the following methods to fix the entity:

To stay in the function and continue to create lines, pick a position in the graphics window as the first endpoint of a new line, or click Apply in the ribbon bar.

To exit the function, press [Esc], click OK or choose another function.

Using the Relative Position Ribbon BarWhen creating a new entity with a Sketcher function, you can position any new point relative to an existing entity. To do this, press [Shift+Click] when choosing a position, or choose Relative from the AutoCursor override list. The current function ribbon bar or dialog box is suspended, and the Relative Position ribbon bar displays.

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Figure 3-2: AutoCursor Override Relative Position ribbon bar

When you press [Enter] to apply the specified values, the Relative Position ribbon bar closes. Use the current function’s ribbon bar or dialog box to select additional positions or modify the live entity.

TIP: Choose Select in the Relative Position ribbon bar to activate the Along mode and create a new entity along an existing entity. When prompted, select a line, arc, or spline at a position nearest to the endpoint from which you will specify the along length. When you select the entity, the Delta, Distance, and Angle fields become inactive and you are prompted to enter a length value. To directly access the Along mode, choose it from the AutoCursor ribbon bar override drop-down list.

Creating PointsIn this section you will learn to create points using the following functions:

You access the point functions from the Sketcher toolbar point drop-down list, or from the Create, Point submenu.

Figure 3-3: Sketcher Points drop-down list

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Create Point Position(page 169)

Create Point Dynamic(page 169)

Create Point Node Points(page 170)

Create Point Segment(page 170)

Create Point Endpoints(page 171)

Create Point Small Arcs(page 171)

CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Points • 169

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TIPS: To exit a function:

• Click OK.• Press the [Enter] key.• Press the [Esc] key.• Choose another function.

Create Point PositionFor simple point creation, use the Point Position function to sketch individual points by using the mouse to click and create point positions in the graphics window. While a point is live, use AutoCursor to set its position.

Figure 3-4: Create point position ribbon bar

Note: When you choose the next point position, the prior point becomes a fixed entity.

Create Point DynamicChoose this function to create one or more points and/or lines anywhere along an existing entity. When you select an entity in the graphics window, a dynamic arrow appears. Normal information is also displayed on the ribbon bar in vector format. For each point or line you want to create, move the cursor to slide the arrow to the new point position then click.

Figure 3-5: Create point dynamic ribbon bar

Use the Line and Point options to specify the type of entity to create. You can create a line, a point, or both.

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Use the Flip button to set the side of the selected entity on which an offset point or line appears. (Flip has an effect only when Offset is non-zero.)

Use the ribbon bar Offset field to create the point or line perpendicular to the selected entity, offset by a specified distance.

Use the Distance field to specify the distance along the entity from its nearest endpoint where you want to create the point or line. You can use the this field independently or in conjunction with the Offset field.

When you are placing a point or line along a line or an arc, you can create it beyond the selected entity, extended in either direction.

Create Point Node PointsThis function allows you to create points at the node points of existing splines. When you choose the Create point node points function, no ribbon bar appears but the point node points function is active and you are prompted to select a spline.

IMPORTANT: When you choose this function, the node points are immediately created as fixed entities and the function ends.

Create Point SegmentYou can quickly create multiple, uniform points along an existing entity with this function. Just select an entity in the graphics window and enter the number of points to position along the entity or enter the distance to create between each point.

TIP: You can also set the distance or number of points before selecting an entity.

Figure 3-6: Create point segment ribbon bar

When you enter a number or distance value, Mastercam automatically calculates the necessary point positions.

If you use the Number field to create points, Mastercam always places points on each endpoint of the entity. However, if you use the Distance field, Mastercam creates the

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CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Points • 171

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first point at the endpoint nearest where you selected the entity, and then, at multiples of the specified distance. It is possible that a point may not be created at the final endpoint.

Note: This function creates points only along the physical entity. No points are created on an extended projection of the entity.

Create Point EndpointsUse this function to automatically create point entities at the endpoints of all visible lines, arcs, and splines. This is especially useful for determining the boundaries of an individual curve in a chain of curves.

TIP: To quickly remove all endpoints created by this function, from the Mastercam menu choose Edit, Undo.

Create Point Small ArcsCreating points at the exact center of arcs and/or circles is fast and easy when you use this function. You define the maximum size of the arcs you want to use, select the arcs, and press Enter.

Figure 3-7: Create point small arcs ribbon bar

To create points at the center of arcs and circles, choose the Partial arcs option. If this option is not selected, point will be created only in the center of circles (closed arcs).

To delete the selected arcs and circles after the points have been created, choose the Delete arcs option.

Note: The Thread Point and Cut Point options in the Create, Point submenu are specific to Mastercam Wire. The Thread Point option lets you to place thread points for each chain in a wire operation. The Cut Point option lets you create a cut point in a position different from the thread point. These functions are covered in the Mastercam X4 Wire Getting Started Guide located in your Mastercam install \Documentation folder.

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Creating LinesMastercam offers a variety of flexible functions you use to quickly create lines, including:

To access a function, select it from the Sketcher toolbar Line drop-down list, or from the Create, Line submenu.

Figure 3-8: Sketcher Line drop-down list

Create Line EndpointUse this simple but powerful function and ribbon bar to create a variety of different line types with two endpoints, including:

Angular and polar

Horizontal and vertical

Multiple lines connected at their endpoints

Lines tangent to arcs and splines

Figure 3-9: Create line endpoint ribbon bar

To dynamically create endpoints, click in the graphics window, or type values in the Line Length and Line angle fields and then click in the graphics window to position the line. Use AutoCursor to precisely define the line endpoint positions.

Create Line Endpoint (page 172)

Create Line Closest (page 174)

Create Line Bisect (page 174)

Create Line Perpendicular (page 175)

Create Line Parallel (page 176)

Create Line Tangent Through Point (page 177)

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CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Lines • 173

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Creating Angular and Polar LinesTo create lines with specific angles, hard lock a value in the Line angle field before you create the line. You can set polar angles in this field. The angle is calculated in a counterclockwise direction from the positive horizontal axis that runs through the known point in the current construction plane. To calculate angles in a clockwise direction, enter a negative value.

For angular lines, you can also set the AutoCursor to snap the angle of the line by a specified number of degrees while selecting the second endpoint. This is referred to as the “angular mode.” To do this, in the AutoCursor ribbon bar, click the Option button to open the AutoCursor dialog box, select the Angular option, and set the degrees to snap in the Angular field (shown below).

This value is applied in increments. For example, using a 5 degree angular mode causes lines to snap every 5 degrees (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and so on). The snap to angular mode remains set for the duration of the Mastercam session unless you manually change it.

Creating Horizontal and Vertical LinesBefore creating the line, choose the Horizontal or Vertical option in the Create line endpoint ribbon bar to define the line orientation. Then use AutoCursor to draw the line. After picking the second endpoint, you are prompted to enter the X or Y coordinate of the line.

You can easily create horizontal and vertical lines without choosing the Horizontal or Vertical options if AutoCursor is set to detect and snap to points. (For more information, see “Customizing AutoCursor Behavior” on page 82.) After you define the first endpoint and begin creating the line, when the line comes close to a horizontal position, the horizontal/vertical visual cue appears next to the cursor, indicating that you can click to snap the endpoint to that position.

Regardless of the method you use to create the line, it remains live after you choose the second endpoint so you can use the Line Length field to specify an exact length, or use the AutoCursor fields to specify an exact position. The entity becomes fixed when you press Enter or click the Apply button.

Creating Multiple LinesTo create connected multiple lines, choose the Multi-line option, then click in the graphics window to set each of the connecting endpoints. To complete the last line, double–click the final endpoint or press Esc.


Create Tangent LinesUse the Tangent option to create lines that are tangent to arcs and splines.

When creating a line tangent to an arc, first select the arc. Mastercam dynamically draws the tangent line as you move the cursor. When the line reaches the tangency you want, click to set the second endpoint.

When creating a line tangent to a spline, first select the spline, and then select the second endpoint. Mastercam creates a tangent line, or displays a message if it cannot.

Notes:

• When creating a tangent line, including lines that are perpendicular to a line and tangent to an arc, you can create the line on an extended portion of the selected entity.

• Use the AutoCursor visual cues to help identify a tangency, especially when creating a line tangent to a spline. Right-click in the graphics window, choose AutoCursor, and then select Tangent in the AutoCursor Settings dialog box.

Create Line ClosestYou can quickly create a line between two entities at the position at which they are closest. When you choose the Create line closest function, no ribbon bar appears but the function is active, allowing you to create a single line by selecting two entities.

IMPORTANT: When you choose this function, the line is immediately created as a fixed entity and the function ends.

Create Line BisectUse this function to create a bisecting or midline line between two line entities. For intersecting lines, Mastercam creates a bisecting line. For parallel lines, Mastercam creates a midline, which begins midway between the start of the first selected line and the closest endpoint of the second selected line.

Mastercam creates multiple possibilities for bisecting lines and you must select the one to keep when 4 solutions is chosen. Select this option on the ribbon bar before selecting the lines.

CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Lines • 175

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Figure 3-10: Create line bisect ribbon bar

To set the length of the bisecting line, enter a value in the Length field, press Enter, then select the two lines to bisect.

Create Line PerpendicularTo create a line perpendicular to existing entities, choose this function, select an existing line, arc, or spline and create the perpendicular line endpoint by clicking in the graphics window.

Figure 3-11: Create line perpendicular ribbon bar

To set the length of the perpendicular line, type a value in the Length field and press Enter. Then select the entity and a position.

You can also use this ribbon bar to create a line perpendicular to a line and tangent to an arc by choosing the Tangent option and selecting a line or arc and then an arc or line. In this circumstance, Mastercam creates multiple possibilities for perpendicular lines and you must select the one to keep.

Use the Flip option to set the position of the perpendicular line relative to the selected entity. This button has three toggle states:

Selected: (default) Creates a new perpendicular line at the position you select in the graphics window.

Opposite: Creates a perpendicular line on the opposite side of the entity from where you select the position.

Both: Creates two perpendicular lines on both sides of the selected entity.

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Notes:

• To use the tangent feature of this ribbon bar, you must have at least two entities in the graphics window, and one of them must be an arc.

• When creating lines perpendicular to arcs, you can create the line on an extended portion of the selected arc.

• When creating lines perpendicular to arcs or splines, select the entity close to the area from which you want to draw the line.

Create Line ParallelChoose this function to create a line parallel to an existing line by selecting a line and clicking a point in the graphics window. You can also use the ribbon bar fields to create a line parallel to a line and tangent to an arc by selecting an existing line and then an arc.

Figure 3-12: Create line parallel ribbon bar

The parallel line is created at the same length as the existing line. To offset the parallel line, enter a value in the Distance field then indicate the offset direction.

Use the Flip option to set the position of the parallel line relative to the primary line. This button has three toggle states:

Selected: (default) Creates a parallel line on the selected side of the primary line.

Opposite: Creates a parallel line opposite the selected side of the primary line.

Both: Creates a parallel line on both sides of the primary line.

Note: When creating tangent lines, you can create the line on an extended portion of the selected entity.

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CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Arcs and Circles • 177

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Create Line Tangent Through PointUse this function to create a line that is tangent at one end to an arc or a spline. Just select an arc or spline, choose the tangency point on the arc or spline, and then specify the line’s second endpoint or its length.

Figure 3-13: Create line tangent through point ribbon bar

Notes:

• If you have the Length field locked, Mastercam creates two tangent lines and asks you which line to keep.

• If you pick a tangent point that is not on a selected arc, Mastercam moves the point onto the arc. It does this by projecting the selected point along a vector from the point and through the arc's center point.

• If you pick a tangent point that is not on a selected spline, Mastercam moves the point onto the spline. It does this by using the Nearest function to project the selected point.

• After you choose Edit Endpoint 1 or Edit Endpoint 2, you can use AutoCursor to reposition the line’s endpoint.

Creating Arcs and CirclesWhen creating arcs and circles, you can choose from a variety of time-saving functions, including:

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Create Circle Center Point(page 178)

Create Arc Polar(page 178)

Create Circle Edge Point(page 179)

Create Arc Endpoints(page 180)

Create Arc 3 Points(page 180)

Create Arc Polar Endpoints(page 181)

Create Arc Tangent(page 181)


Choose a function from the Sketcher toolbar Arc drop-down list, or from the Create, Arc submenu. In most functions, you can create arcs or circles tangent to existing entities, such as curves, lines, or points.

Figure 3-14: Sketcher Arcs drop-down list

IMPORTANT: Mastercam calculates circles in a counterclockwise direction.

Create Circle Center PointThis function makes it easy to create full circles from a center point. Click in the graphics window to set a center point and then click again to set an edge point.

Figure 3-15: Create circle center point ribbon bar

Alternatively, you can enter a value into either the Radius or Diameter field to set the size of the circle and then click in the graphics window to set the center point to position the circle.

You can use AutoCursor to position the center point and/or the edge point of the arc. You can also create circles tangent to other entities.

Create Arc PolarTo create polar arcs, choose this function and click in the graphics window to set a center point. Then click to set two edge points that define the radius,

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start point, and end angle. To create a full circle, double–click the first edge point (you are not prompted to select a second edge point).

Figure 3-16: Create arc polar ribbon bar

Alternatively, you can manually enter values in the ribbon bar fields to set the circle size, start angle, and end angle. You can then select the center point in the graphics window to position the arc and use AutoCursor to position any or all of the three points of the arc.

You can also create arcs tangent to curves and points.

TIP: Use the Flip option to set the direction of the arc. This button has two toggle states; clockwise (left) and counterclockwise (right). You can also drag the mouse through the start point of the arc to reverse the direction.

Notes:

• If you choose the Tangent button in the ribbon bar, you must select an entity as the first edge point selection (radius and arc start point). The selected entity is the tangent entity for the resulting arc.

• To create a full circle, enter 0 for the start angle and 360 for the end angle.

Create Circle Edge PointUse this function to create circles with two or three edge points. To create circles with two edge points, first select the Two Point button (selected by default). Then click in the graphics window to select the first edge point, and click again to select the second. Mastercam creates the circle with the two points acting as the equator.

To create circles with three edge points, select the Three Point button, and then click the first, second, and third edge points in the graphics window.

You can also create circles tangent to curves and points, and use AutoCursor to position any or all of the three edge points of the arc.

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Figure 3-17: Create circle edge point ribbon bar

Create Arc EndpointsYou can create arcs with defined endpoints and one edge point using this function. Click in the graphics window to set the endpoints and then click to set the edge point.

Figure 3-18: Create arc endpoints ribbon bar

You can also create arcs tangent to curves and points, and use AutoCursor to position any or all of the three points of the arc.

Notes:

• If you choose the Tangent button in the ribbon bar, Mastercam accepts any locations for the first two positions but you must select an entity for the third position. The selected entity is the tangent entity for the resulting arc.

• You can select up to two collinear points.

Create Arc 3 PointsTo create three point arcs, choose this function and click in the graphics window to set each of the three edge points. You can create arcs tangent to curves and points, and use AutoCursor to set the position of any or all of the three edge points of the arc.

Figure 3-19: Create arc 3 points ribbon bar

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Create Arc Polar EndpointsYou can create polar arcs from either a defined start or end point. Choose this function and click in the graphics window to set the first point. Then enter values in the ribbon bar fields to define the radius/diameter, start angle, and end angle.
Figure 3-20: Create arc polar endpoints ribbon bar

Create Arc TangentUse this flexible function to create arcs with the following tangent conditions:

Tangent to one, two, or three entities

Tangent through a point

Tangent with a centerline

Dynamically tangent (dynamically draws the arc with your cursor movement)

You can also use this function to create circles tangent to three entities.

Figure 3-21: Create arc tangent ribbon bar

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To set the size of the arc, enter a radius or diameter in the corresponding ribbon bar field, choose the tangent condition you want to use, and follow the prompts to create the arc. Under some circumstances, Mastercam displays four possible arcs and you must select the one you want to keep.

Note: When choosing lines to create an arc, those lines cannot be parallel to one another.

Guidelines for Creating Arcs Tangent to EntitiesHere are some guidelines to keep in mind when creating arcs tangent to entities:

You can create arcs on an extended portion of the selected entity.

If the point you enter for an arc to be tangent with does not lie on the selected line or arc, Mastercam projects the point along the normal vector of the selected entity.

When creating a circle tangent to two curves, the radius of the circle must be greater than or equal to half the distance between the closest points on the two curves.

When creating an arc tangent to a line or arc with a defined edge point, the radius of the arc must be greater than or equal to half the distance between the selected entity and point at the closest pass between them.

When you create arcs tangent to one entity, you can enter the X, Y, and Z values in AutoCursor for the tangent point. With arcs tangent to a point, you can enter the X, Y, and Z values in AutoCursor for the through point. For dynamically tangent arcs, you can use the fields in AutoCursor to set the arc endpoint.

When you create arcs (including circles) tangent to two or three entities, you must select entitles in the graphics window rather than entering values into the AutoCursor ribbon bar.

Creating Miscellaneous ShapesThe Create menu offers a number of functions you use to create complete geometric shapes. Mastercam generates all the entities in the shape collectively; you do not have to draw the individual entities. When using the Rectangle, Polygon, and Ellipse functions, you can choose to create surfaces in addition to wireframe geometry. Wireframe entities and a surface are created when you select the Surface check box in these dialog boxes.

CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Miscellaneous Shapes • 183

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Use other functions in the menu to create bounding boxes and letters. If Mastercam Solids is installed, you can also extract 2D geometry from a 3D solid.

In this section, you will learn to create basic shapes using the following functions:

To choose a function, select it from the Sketcher toolbar Miscellaneous Geometry drop-down list, or from the Create menu.

Figure 3-22: Sketcher Miscellaneous Geometry drop-down list

Create Rectangle (page 184)

Create Rectangular Shapes(page 184)

Create Polygon (page 186)

Create Ellipse (page 187)

Create Bounding Box (page 187)

Create Letters (page 190)

Create Spiral (page 191)

Create Helix (page 193)

Create Turn Profile (page 193)

Create Silhouette Boundary (page 195)

Create Relief Groove (page 196)

Create Bolt Circle (page 198)

Create Stair Geometry (page 198)

Create Door Geometry (page 202)


Create RectangleThis commonly used function lets you quickly create a rectangle by defining two points. To draw the rectangle, click to set the base point that anchors the rectangle. Then drag the anchor point and click to set the second corner. You can use AutoCursor to precisely position the two points on the rectangle.

Figure 3-23: Create rectangle ribbon bar

Use other ribbon bar fields to draw the rectangle from a center point, or create it as a surface within the rectangle. The rectangle remains a live entity until you click the Apply button or click to start drawing another rectangle.

TIP: To quickly create multiple rectangles using the same dimensions, lock the Width and Height fields in the ribbon bar. Each time you click in the graphics window, a complete rectangle of the defined dimensions is created.

Create Rectangular ShapesUse this function to dynamically create a rectangular shape (rectangle, obround, single D, or double D), by choosing one from the Shape section in the dialog box.

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Figure 3-24: Rectangular shapes dialog box

Note: The rectangle is the default type.

You can create the shape using a base point or 2-point method. The dialog box options change, depending on the method you select. However, both methods let you set a corner fillet, rotation angle, general shape, and surface creation.

Base Point MethodChoose this method and select an anchor position on the rectangle for the base point. After you sketch the base point, Mastercam uses it as an anchor as you draw


the rectangle from that position. Use the AutoCursor to dynamically change the base point position, length, or width before fixing the rectangle.

2-Point MethodChoose this method and sketch a corner base point, then draw the rectangle and sketch the second point. Use the AutoCursor to change either the base point or second point.

Note: The default rectangle creation method is Base point.

Create PolygonThis function allows you to quickly create a polygon as wireframe geometry and, optionally, a surface. Use the Corner or Flat options to determine whether the radius is measured from the base point to a corner, or to the midpoint of a side.

Figure 3-25: Create polygon dialog box (expanded)


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Create EllipseYou can create an ellipse as wireframe geometry and, optionally, a surface, using this function and dialog box. To create a partial ellipse, enter a start angle greater than 0 degrees and/or an end angle less than 360 degrees.

Figure 3-26: Create ellipse dialog box (expanded)

Create Bounding BoxUse this function to check the overall dimensions of a part by creating a rectangular or cylindrical boundary around selected entities. You can create the boundary as wireframe geometry, a solid model, or a stock model.


Figure 3-27: Example: Bounding box

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Figure 3-28: Create bounding box dialog box

Rectangular Cylindrical


TIP: To enable the Stock and Solid options in the Create section, enter a value for Expand Z (for a rectangular shape) or Expand Radius (for a cylindrical shape). These option may be used if all the selected geometry is 2D and lies in the same plane.

Create LettersThe Create Letters dialog box allows you to add alphanumeric characters consisting of lines, arcs, and NURBS splines to your file. You can use one of the fonts provided by Mastercam, including special drafting fonts, or choose

from any TrueType® font installed on your PC.

Figure 3-29: Create letters dialog box

Mastercam FontsMastercam contains predefined letter fonts, including Block, Box, Roman, and Slant, and a number of specialized drafting fonts, such as Dayville, European, Hartford, Old


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English, and more. You can also choose a custom font for letters by selecting Other from the font list and navigating to the folder where your font is stored to select it.

When you select a drafting font, you can choose the Drafting Options button and format letters using the Drafting Options dialog box and Note Text options. The Note Text parameters you define will overwrite the Font and Height settings that appear in the Create Letters dialog box.

TrueType FontsYou can choose any TrueType font installed on your PC to format the letters you create in Mastercam files. To use one of these fonts, choose the TrueType button, select one from the Fonts dialog box and click OK.

TIP: When using TrueType fonts, the height of the actual letters may not match the value that you entered for letter height because Mastercam scales the letters based on all of the information encoded into the TrueType font, including blank space around the letters. Use the Xform, Scale function to resize them as needed.

Create SpiralUse this flexible function to create spiral geometry as a series of NURBS splines. You can specify the initial and final pitch in both the XY and Z planes, set the number of revolutions or height, and choose the direction (CW/CCW).


Figure 3-30: Create spiral dialog box

Figure 3-31: Example: create spiral

Note: To create a spiral with a taper angle, use the Create, Helix function.


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Create HelixThis function lets you create a tapered spiral as a continuous NURBS spline. You can define the inward and starting angles, radius, number of revolutions or height, pitch, and direction (CW/CCW).

Figure 3-32: Create helix dialog box

Figure 3-33: Example: create helix

Note: To create a helix using dimensions in the XY and XZ planes, use the Create, Spiral function.

Create Turn ProfileUse the Create, Turn Profile function to create a 2D profile from an existing solid, solid face, or surface. The profile will be created in the Top view of the active WCS by one of the following methods:


Spinning the selected solid about the X axis.

Creating a cross section (Slice) through the selected solid in the XY plane.

Note: You can choose to create the profile from the upper half, the lower half, or the entire cross section of the selected entity.

Figure 3-34: Turn Profile dialog box

To create a 2D profile using this dialog box, follow these steps:1 Choose Create, Turn Profile.

2 Select either a solid, solid face, or surface on which the profile will be created.

3 Press Enter. This opens the Turn Profile dialog box.

4 Select Spin or Slice based on the methods previously described.

5 Select the check boxes and radio buttons that apply to desired results, and enter the appropriate values in the dialog box fields.

Note: For more information on how to use the options in this dialog box, please click the Help button on the dialog box, and click the Field Definitions tab.

6 Click OK.


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Create Silhouette BoundaryUse this function to create a boundary curve around a set of surfaces, solids, or solid faces. It will create a 2D curve which represents the projection of the selected geometry onto the construction plane. It will be created at the current Z-depth. This curve is typically used as at tool containment boundary for toolpathing.

You also have the option for spin boundary. This feature generates a 2D curve using the filter settings by rotating the selected geometry about an axis. The function uses the X axis of the current WCS by default. You have the ability to select a line to be used as the rotation axis.

Figure 3-35: Create Silhouette Boundary dialog box


TIP: Set the WCS XY plane parallel to the axis of rotation for consistent results. A 3D axis can yield unexpected boundary curves.

Create Relief GrooveUse this function and dialog box to create DIN standard relief grooves. You can create thread relief grooves or plain shaft relief grooves, and, optionally, trim all horizontal and vertical lines that intersect the endpoints of the groove to these endpoints.

To create a relief groove based on DIN standards:1 From the Mastercam menu, choose Create, Relief Groove.

2 In the DIN Relief Groove Parameters dialog box Shape section, select the shape of the groove you want to create. The graphic in this section changes to illustrate your selection.

Figure 3-36: DIN Relief Groove dialog box

3 Choose the Select From Table button. In the Relief Groove Table dialog box:


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a Choose a relief groove measurement from the table of standard relief grooves. This table corresponds to the selected shape.

Note: If you are working in English (inch) units of measure, the converted English values in the table approximate the metric-based DIN standards.

b Click OK to accept your selection and return to the DIN Relief Groove Parameters dialog box. The Dimensions and d position fields update, based on the table selection.

4 Set an orientation and indicate whether to trim or break the horizontal and vertical lines that intersect the endpoints of the groove geometry.

5 Set the relief groove position.

Note: To view the relief groove in the graphics window before geometry is created, choose Preview Groove. Press [Enter] to end the preview.

6 To create the relief groove geometry, click OK.


Create Bolt CircleUse the Create Bolt Circle function and dialog box to enter bolt circle dimensions and create a specific number of holes (arcs), with or without center point entities.

Figure 3-37: Bolt Circle dialog box

TIPS:

• Select Create Holes to create both arcs and center point entities; deselect this option to create only the center points.

• The Create Bolt Circle function is useful when you are running Mastercam Design, and you cannot access drill toolpaths.

• You can also use Mastercam's Drill Point Selection function (choose Toolpaths, Drill Toolpaths) to automatically drill bolt circles without creating geometry.

Create Stair GeometryThis function is available only if your installation includes Mastercam Router. Use the Create Stair Geometry function and dialog box to create open and closed stair stringers. In the Stair dialog box, you define a stair type and enter stair dimensions. You can also define stair wedge and specify how stringers are displayed.


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Figure 3-38: Stair dialog box


The pictures below show a closed stringer and the dimensions required to create the stair geometry in Mastercam Router. The same dimensions apply to both closed and open stringers.

Use the following procedure to create stairs:1 Choose Create, Stair Geometry. The Stair dialog box opens.

2 Set the stair style by selecting either Open stringer or Closed stringer in the Style section.

3 Enter the total rise of the stairway in the Finish to finish floor height field.

4 Enter the total horizontal distance of the stairway in the Total run field.

5 Enter the desired number of stairs in the Number of stairs field.

6 Enter the width of each stair in the Stair run field.


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7 Determine the thickness of material to be used for both the tread and the riser, and enter these values into the appropriate fields.

8 Enter the width of material to be used for the stringer in the Stringer width field.

9 Enter the distance you want the tread to extend beyond the riser in the Overhang Amt field.

10 Enter values in the Top riser offset field and Bottom riser offset field to create lines to close the stringer boundary.

11 Select the Wedges check box to add additional space in the routed channel on a closed stringer. Enter values for the short-side height and tall-side height and for the length of the wedge. The value in the Angle field will update automatically based on these width and height values.

12 Select which side of the stringer to view in the graphics window by selecting either Draw right side stringer or Draw left side stringer.

13 Select Rotate stringer/s to x axis to draw the stringer along the X-axis in the graphics window.

14 Click OK to close the dialog box.

15 Click in the graphics window or use AutoCursor to position the stair geometry.

16 Press [ESC] to exit the function.

Note: The Stair rise and Stair angle fields are computed automatically by Mastercam, based on the values you enter. These fields cannot be directly edited.

Tips for Routing Stair Stringers

Stairs can be cut in two operations. The first operation is a contour toolpath that cuts the stringer away from the material. The picture below shows a left-side stringer, rotated to the X axis, as simulated in Verify.

To finish the risers with mitered corners, use a contour chamfer toolpath. The contour chamfer toolpath requires a V-groove tool, such as a chamfer


bit. The picture below shows the mitered risers. The gold represents the 2D chamfer toolpath.

Creating a contour chamfer toolpath on the risers requires using Single chaining so that you can pick only the riser geometry from the stair stringer. Because chaining sets the cutting direction, select each riser near the top of the riser. You also need a chamfer tool with an outer diameter at least twice the depth of the chamfer, and lead-in moves at least 50% of the V-groove diameter. Do not use lead-out moves because they will cut into the stringer.

Create Door GeometryThis function is available only if your installation includes Mastercam Router. Use it to quickly create geometry for solid doors with panels.

When you choose Door Geometry from the Create menu, the Door dialog box displays options you use to select a door type and enter door dimensions.


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Figure 3-39: Create Door dialog box

You can define the door features and attributes, such as such as color and line style for the geometry, horizontal or vertical mullions, or a radius for rounded corners. You can


also make multiple copies of the door you define.The picture below shows the door components that require dimensions when using the Door dialog box.

To create one or more copies of a door:1 Choose Create, Door Geometry. The Door dialog box opens.

2 Select the style from the Door style drop-down list.

3 Select Mirror arch to copy and mirror the arch style on the bottom of the door.

4 Enter the dimensions for the various heights and widths of the door in the Door Dimensions section of the dialog box.

5 Click the Attributes buttons for the Outer Geometry and Inner Geometry to edit options such as color, level, and line style in the Attributes dialog box.

6 Select the Horizontal mullions check box to add horizontal cross pieces to the panel. Enter values in the Mullion width and Number of mullions fields.

7 Choose an option from the Space mullions from drop-down menu to determine the vertical placement of the horizontal mullion.

8 Select the Vertical mullions check box to add vertical cross pieces to the panel. Enter values for in the Mullion width and Number of mullions fields.

9 Enter an arc radius in the Outside corner radius field to create rounded corners on the door.

10 Select the Multiple copies check box and button to create copies of the door.


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11 Select Export to separate MCX files to output door geometry to separate MCX files or to a specified directory. Click the Browse button to designate a path for exported MCX files.

12 Click OK to close the dialog box.

13 Click in the graphics window or use AutoCursor to position the door geometry.

14 Press [ESC] to exit the function.


Creating Fillets and ChamfersCreating fillets and chamfers in entities or chains is fast and efficient in Mastercam. In this section, you will learn to use the following functions:

To access a function, select it from the Sketcher toolbar Fillets and Chamfers drop-down list, or from the Create, Fillet and Create, Chamfer submenus.

Note: AutoCursor is unavailable during the use of fillet and chamfer functions.

Figure 3-40: Sketcher Fillets and Chamfers drop-down list

IMPORTANT: For each fillet/chamfer function, you define whether to trim the filleted/chamfered entities by selecting the Trim or No Trim options in the function ribbon bar.

Fillet EntitiesBefore you select the entities to which you will apply the fillet, use the Fillet ribbon bar fields to define the fillet style (normal, inverse, circle, clearance) and enter the necessary radius value. You can also define whether to trim the selected lines to the fillet. Trimming is set as the default so if you do not want the entities trimmed, just deselect the Trim button.

Figure 3-41: Fillet entities ribbon bar

Fillet Entities (page 206) Fillet Chains (page 207)

Chamfer Entities (page 207) Chamfer Chains (page 208)

Radius

Trim No Trim

Style

CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Fillets and Chamfers • 207

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When you move you mouse near an entity, Mastercam displays a preview of the fillet, if one can be created with an adjacent entity. To immediately create the fillet as a fixed entity, click one of the previewed entities.

Note: This function does not recognize chains. Use the Fillet Chain function to fillet chained entities.

Fillet ChainsUse this function to fillet entities that have sharp corners and can be recognized as a single chained entity (i.e., rectangles and polygons). The ability to fillet only inside or outside corners of a chained boundary is particularly useful during geometry creation for wire EDM parts (punches and dies). These parts often require different radius values on inside and outside corners in order to provide adequate corner clearance.

When you choose this function, the Fillet Chains ribbon bar displays and the Chaining dialog box opens. Use the dialog box options and cursor to chain the entities to fillet. When you close the Chaining dialog box, a preview of the chained entities appears in the graphics window with the fillet entities highlighted.

Figure 3-42: Fillet chains ribbon bar

To edit the resulting fillets, use the ribbon bar fields. To accept them, click Apply.

Chamfer EntitiesUse this function to apply chamfers to existing entities. Before you select the entities to chamfer, choose the chamfer method and enter the necessary distance and angle values.

Figure 3-43: Chamfer entities ribbon bar

Radius

Trim No Trim

Style

Chain

Directi

on

Distan

ce 1

Trim No Trim

Style

Angle

Distan

ce 2


Select the first entity. As you move the mouse over the second entity, a preview of the chamfer displays. When you select the second entity, the chamfer is immediately created as a fixed entity.

Notes:

• To chamfer chained geometry, use the Chamfer Chains function.

• You can chamfer arcs using the 1 Distance and 2 Distance methods.

Chamfer ChainsThis function allows you to chain entities and create chamfers at sharp corners. When you choose this function, the Chamfer Chains ribbon bar appears and the Chaining dialog box opens. Use the dialog box options and cursor to chain the entities to chamfer. When you close the Chaining dialog box, a preview of the chained entities appears in the graphics window with the chamfer entities highlighted.

Figure 3-44: Chamfer chains ribbon bar

To edit the resulting chamfers, use the ribbon bar fields. To accept them, press the Apply button.

The Style field in the Chamfer Chains ribbon bar is a multi-purpose field that is used in conjunction with the Distance/Width field, which is also a multi-purpose field. You use these fields to set both the chamfer distance and width.

To set the chamfer distance, choose 1 Distance from the Style field list, then type the distance to use in the Distance/Width field.

To set the chamfer width, choose Width from the Style field and type the width in the Distance/Width field.

Creating SplinesMastercam provides a number of functions that define the method used to create a spline. Their corresponding ribbon bars allow you to further define the resulting

Chain

Stye

Distan

ce/w

idth

Trim No Trim

CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Splines • 209

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geometry. Spline functions include: Choose the function from the Sketcher toolbar

Splines drop-down menu, or from the Create, Spline submenu.

Figure 3-45: Sketcher Splines drop-down list

TIP: When a spline is live, use the ribbon bar fields to edit it.

Notes:

• To set the default spline type (parametric, NURBS, curve-generated) choose Settings, Configuration, CAD Settings, and select a Spline/Surface creation type.

• You use the AutoCursor to specify point positions only with the Manual spline function.

Create Manual SplineChoose this function to manually create a spline by clicking in the graphics window to define each of the spline’s control points.

IMPORTANT: To further define the spline by setting the tangency of its endpoints, before you click in the graphics window to create the spline, you must choose the Edit End Condition button in the Manual Spline ribbon bar. When you finish defining the spline, double–click on the last point, choose Apply or press Enter. The function ribbon bar closes and the Spline End Conditions ribbon bar appears, allowing you to set the spline endpoint tangencies. For more information, see “Using the Spline End Conditions Ribbon Bar” on page 210.

Create Manual Spline (page 209)

Create Automatic Spline (page 210)

Create Curves Spline (page 211)

Create Blended Spline (page 212)


To position any spline control point, use AutoCursor to enter coordinates before creating the next node point.

Figure 3-46: Create manual spline ribbon bar

To end spline creation and fix the spline entity:

Double–click the last point.

Choose Apply in the ribbon bar.

Press [Enter].

Create Automatic SplineYou can automatically create a spline from a string of points (three or more) that lie in a defined pattern. Choose this function, then define the spline by clicking three points in the graphics window. The spline passes through the first two points that you select then through all other points that lie within the pattern until it reaches the third selected point.

TIPS:

• You can create a closed spline by selecting the same point for the first and last points.

• Mastercam uses a combination of distance and direction from point to point to place the points in a sensible order. To avoid distorting the intended shape of the spline, delete or blank extraneous points.

Using the Spline End Conditions Ribbon BarUse this ribbon bar to set endpoint tangencies when creating splines with the Manual Spline or Automatic Spline functions.

IMPORTANT: To use the Spline End Conditions ribbon bar to set the spline endpoint tangencies, before creating a spline, choose the Edit End Condition button in the function ribbon bar.

Backu

p one

point

Edit e

nd co

nditio

ns

CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Splines • 211

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The Spline End Conditions ribbon bar appears after you finish defining the spline only if you choose the Edit End Condition option in the function ribbon bar before you create the spline.

Figure 3-47: Spline end conditions ribbon bar

Use the Start Point and End Point fields to define the tangent vector of the spline’s endpoints. Choose from the following selections.

3 Pt Arc: Sets the endpoint tangent vector to the endpoint of an arc Mastercam calculates from the spline’s first or last three points, based on whether you are defining the Start or End point condition.

Natural: Sets the endpoint tangent vector to Mastercam’s calculation of the optimal tangency condition that results in a minimal curve length. This is the default end condition.

To entity: Sets the endpoint tangent vector based on the tangent vector of a curve at the point that you select it.

To end: Sets the endpoint tangent vector to the endpoint of a selected curve. Be sure to select the curve close to the endpoint whose tangent vector you want to use.

Angle: Sets the endpoint tangent vector based on the value you enter in the Angle field.

Create Curves SplineTo create a spline based on the geometry of existing curve, choose the Curves Spline function. After chaining the curves you want to work with, Mastercam creates a separate spline for each chain that you select.

Figure 3-48: Create curves spline ribbon bar

Start p

oint m

ethod

End p

oint m

ethod

End p

oint a

ngle

Start p

oint a

ngle

Flip ta

ngen

cy vec

tor

Flip ta

ngen

cy vec

tor

Level

Origina

l curve

s

Chain

Devaitio

n


determines how closely each resulting spline matches the selected curves, and you can choose to keep, blank, or delete the original curves once the splines have been created, or move them to a different level.

Create Blended SplineChoose this function when you want to create a spline tangent to two curves. You use the ribbon bar fields to set the magnitude and trimming options, then click on existing curves in the graphics window to define the spline. After selecting each curve, when prompted, slide the arrow to the tangent position on the curve.

Figure 3-49: Create blend spline ribbon bar

Creating CurvesWhen working with surfaces and solids, use functions in the Create, Curves submenu to generate curves on solid and surface edges. Then use the ribbon bar options for these functions to further define the curves.

Figure 3-50: Create Curves submenu

Select

secon

d curv

e

First c

urve m

agnit

ude

Select

first c

urve

TrimSecon

d curv

e mag

nitud

e

CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Curves • 213

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Notes:

• For untrimmed NURBS and parametric spline surfaces, Mastercam creates exact curves where possible. Chord-height, tolerance-fitted curves are created for all other surface types.

• For trimmed surface edges, a chord-height, tolerance-fitted cubic NURBS curve is created.

Create Curves functions include:

Create Curve on One EdgeUse this function to create a curve on a single surface edge.

Figure 3-51: Create curve on one edge ribbon bar

After you select a surface, move the dynamic arrow to the edge on which you want to create the curve. Then enter a break angle and press [Enter].

Mastercam looks ahead on the straight line of the surface edge and calculates the end of the edge at the point where the line turns by a value greater than or equal to the defined break angle.

For trimmed surface edges, a chord height, tolerance-fitted cubic NURBS curve is created. Use the Fit Arcs and Lines button to create arcs and lines where possible.

Create Curve on One Edge (page 213)

Create Curve Slice (page 216)

Create Curve on All Edges (page 214)

Create Surface Curve (page 216)

Create Constant Parameter Curve (page 214)

Create Part Line Curve (page 216)

Create Flowline Curve (page 215)

Create Curve at Intersection (page 217)

Create Dynamic Curve (page 215)

Break

angle

Fit Arcs

and L

ines


Create Curve on All EdgesChoose this function when you want to create curves on all the edges of a surface, solid body, or solid face. When you select all edges, you also have the option to create curves only on edges that do not share other edges (open edges).

Figure 3-52: Create curve on all edges ribbon bar

For trimmed surface edges, a chord height, tolerance-fitted cubic NURBS curve is created. Use the Fit Arcs and Lines button to create arcs and lines where possible.

Create Constant Parameter CurveThis function allows you to create a curve in one or both surface directions at a fixed position (constant parameter) on the surface.

Figure 3-53: Create constant parameter curve ribbon bar

An easy way to visualize the directions of a surface or solid face is to look at its wireframe display. In the following example, the green lines represent the wireframe display of a surface. The red lines represent the two constant parameter curves created on the surface, one in each direction. The point where the constant parameter curves intersect is the fixed position, or constant parameter.

Break a

ngle

Open e

dges

Flip Fit Arcs

and L

ines

Flip Curve Qual

ity


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Choose the curve quality and select a surface in the graphics window. After you select the surface, Mastercam displays a dynamic arrow on the surface. You can move the arrow to the point on the surface where you want to create the curve.

Create Flowline CurveFlowline curves are multiple curves along an entire surface that flow in one constant parameter direction. This function makes it easy to create flowline curves on surfaces.

Figure 3-54: Create flowline curve ribbon bar

Use the ribbon bar fields to define the number of curves to create and how closely the curves fit the surface on which they are created.

After setting the curve quantity and quality, select a surface in the graphics window. As soon as you select the surface, the curves are created and remain live. While the curves are live, you can edit both the number and the surface fit of the curves.

Create Dynamic CurveUse this function to create curves on surfaces. When you select the surface on which to create the curve, a dynamic arrow appears and you are prompted to create the endpoints of the curve and any additional points along the curve.

Figure 3-55: Create dynamic curve ribbon bar

To finish the curve, double-click the last endpoint or press [Enter]. The curve appears and remains live. While the curve remains live, you can change the chord height but not the endpoint locations.

Note: The resulting curve passes through the points in the order you enter them. You must enter a minimum of two points, one for each endpoint of the curve.

Curve quan

tity

Curve qual

ity

Flip

Curve qual

ity


Create Curve SliceYou can create curves on surfaces and points on curves by slicing selected surfaces and solids with a plane. When you use this function, Mastercam creates the curves along the intersections of the plane with the selected entities. You can choose to create the curves at offset positions, to create curves at a defined spacing interval from the intersections, and to join the resulting curves into one entity.

Figure 3-56: Create curve slice ribbon bar

Set all the options on the ribbon bar, press [Enter], select the surface, and press Apply.

While the curves or points are live, you can change any of the settings and watch the entities change dynamically. When finished, press [Enter] again to fix the curves or points.

Create Surface CurveUse this simple function to quickly create a surface curve. When you choose this function, no ribbon bar appears. Instead, you are prompted to select a surface on which you want to create the curve. When you select a surface, the curve is automatically created as a fixed entity and the function is exited.

Note: If no curves exist, Mastercam exits the function.

Create Part Line CurveParting lines are the horizon line of a surface or solid where the surface or solid wraps out of view with respect to a specific view.

This function gives you options to define the quality of the parting line curve and its angle.

Find m

ultiple

s

Join

Offset

Spacin

g

Plane


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Figure 3-57: Create parting line curve ribbon bar

In the following graphic, the red line represents the parting line curve, where the surface wraps out of view. The green lines represent the front of the surface (positive surface normal), and the gray lines represent the back of the surface (negative surface normal).

Notes:

• This function is often used with mold-making.

• This function uses the construction plane (Cplane) to determine what line(s) to create.

Create Curve at IntersectionChoose this function to create curves at the intersections between two sets of surfaces. Mastercam pairs each entity in the first set with each entity in the second set and creates curves at the intersecting locations.

Figure 3-58: Create curve at intersection ribbon bar

The following graphics show two shaded intersecting surfaces, and the same surfaces in wireframe view.

Curve qual

ity

Partin

g angle

Curve qual

ity

Set 2

Set 1

Offset 2

Offset 1

Pick p

air

Join

Find m

ultiple

s


The red lines in the wireframe picture are the curves that were created along the surface intersections.

TIP: When this ribbon bar first displays, its options are unavailable until you select both sets of surfaces, as indicated by the interactive prompts that appears in the graphics window.

If you choose to intersect only surfaces, you may select them in one set containing a minimum of two surfaces. In this case, Mastercam attempts to create curves by pairing each surface in the set with every other surface in the set. In certain instances, however, having only one set of surfaces could prove more time consuming.

For example, if you have multiple surface walls and a single surface floor in one set, Mastercam looks for intersections between all walls and the floor. If, however, you select the walls as one set of surfaces and the floor as the second set of surfaces, Mastercam looks for intersections only between each wall and the floor.

Creating PrimitivesMastercam makes it easy to create primitive surfaces. You can sketch them in 3D, enter specific values, or use a combination of these techniques. If your installation includes Mastercam Solids, you can optionally create solid primitives. In this section, you will learn to use the following functions to create primitive shapes.

Create Block (page 219) Create Cone (page 220)

Create Cylinder (page 222) Create Sphere (page 223)

CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Primitives • 219

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To access a function, select it from the Sketcher toolbar Primitives drop-down list, or from the Create, Primitives submenu.

Figure 3-59: Sketcher Primitives drop-down list

After creating the selected primitive shape as a surface or as a solid model, use the dialog box fields to set or modify its dimensions, extensions, base point, primary axis, radius, or sweep.

Guidelines for Working with Primitives To create multiple copies of a primitive, lock the dialog box fields.

To view all available options for creating the primitive, choose the Expand

button located at the top of the function’s dialog box. By default, the

dialog box appears in a contracted format.

Setting the start angle to 0 and the end angle to 360 creates a fully revolved primitive. Varying the start and end angles creates one or more quadrants of the primitive. For example, entering a start angle of 90 and an end angle of 180 creates one quarter of the cylinder.

You can use the mouse to set the height of three-dimensional primitives provided that the Mastercam window is set to an Isometric Gview or a similar view.

After creating a solid primitive, use the Solids Manager to change its name. For more information, see “Solids” on page 313.

Create BlockUse this function create a block primitive as a solid or surface model. To draw the block, click in the graphics window to set the base point, drag outward to set the length and width, then drag up or down to set the height.

While the block is live, use the dialog box fields to adjust the dimensions, extend it in any of the three directions, select a new base point, rotate it, or change the primary axis.

Create Torus (page 223)


Figure 3-60: Create primitive block dialog box (expanded)

Create ConeTo create a cone primitive as a solid or surface model, choose this function. To draw the cone, click in the graphics window to set the base point, drag outward to set the radius, then drag up or down to set the height. While the cone is live, use the dialog box fields to adjust the dimensions, extend it in


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two directions, select a new base point, change the primary axis, set the top radius, or change the sweep to create a slice of a cone.

Figure 3-61: Create primitive cone dialog box (expanded)


Create CylinderYou can create a cylinder primitive as a solid or surface model using this function. To draw the cylinder, click in the graphics window to set the base point, drag outward to set the radius, then drag up or down to set the height. While the cylinder is live, use the dialog box fields to adjust the dimensions, extend the cylinder in two directions, select a new base point, change the primary axis, or change the sweep to create a slice of a cylinder.

Figure 3-62: Create primitive cylinder dialog box (expanded)


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Create SphereThis function allows you to create a sphere as a solid or surface model. Draw the sphere by clicking in the graphics window to set the base point. Then drag outward to set the radius. While the sphere is live, use the dialog box fields to change the base point, radius, and sweep angle.

Figure 3-63: Create primitive sphere dialog box (expanded)

Create TorusChoose this function to create a torus as a solid or surface model. Draw the torus by clicking in the graphics window to set the base point, and dragging outward to set the major radius. After setting the major radius, drag the minor radius to the position you want then click to set the minor radius and create the torus. While the torus is live, use the dialog box fields to change the base point, major and minor radius, sweep angle and the axis.


Figure 3-64: Create primitive torus dialog box (expanded)

Creating Autosynced RailsThe Autosync Rails function (Create, Autosync Rails) creates geometry to assist with multiaxis toolpaths and wirepaths on solid and surface models. Designed for parts where the upper and lower profiles (rails) need to be synchronized, Autosync Rails creates the rails at specific Z levels and adds proper “branch” lines to connect these profiles.

In the following example, where we used Autosync Rails to create upper and lower rails from a solid, you can see how the rails appear. In this example, the maximum Z

CREATING GEOMETRY / Creating Autosynced Rails • 225

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height of the upper rail is set at a height above the top of the solid, and a minimum Z height of the lower rail at a height below the bottom of the solid.

Note: By default, Autosync Rails selects all lines in your part as sync lines. Before you begin to create rails using this function, it is recommended that you move any existing lines in your part to another level and don't display that level while using the Autosync Rails function.

The Autosync Rails function is only available in installations that include Mastercam Wire. For additional information, please see topics for AutoSync Rails in Mastercam Help.


chapter 4

Modifying GeometryMastercam offers a variety of functions and techniques you use to modify geometry. In this chapter, you will learn about:

Editing Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 227

Transforming Entities (Xform) . . . . . . . . . . . . page 237

Analyzing Entities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 263

Changing Entity Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 278

Editing EntitiesChoose basic editing functions from the Edit menu or Trim/Break toolbar in order to:

Modify or join lines, arcs, splines, and drafting entities.

Convert certain types of entities to NURBS splines and NURBS surfaces.

Simplify splines by breaking them into arcs and lines.

This topic introduces these functions and includes examples of how to use them.

TIP: To trim a surface, choose one of the Trim Surface functions from the Create, Surface submenu. For more information on working with surfaces, see “Surface Creation” on page 286.

Trim/Break SubmenuAccessed from the Edit menu, the Trim/Break submenu provides functions for trimming entities. These functions trim entities by cutting them back or extending them at their intersections.

Note: Splines are not extended beyond their original endpoints.


IMPORTANT: If the 2D/3D Status bar toggle is set to 2D, the entities you choose to trim or break must lie in the same Cplane. If the intersection between two entities offers variable solutions, be sure to select each entity on the part you want to keep. When trimming or breaking entities in 3D, the curves must have an actual intersection; otherwise a message informs you that the entities do not intersect and cannot be modified.

In this section, you will learn about each Trim/Break submenu function, including:

Trim/Break/Extend (page 228)

Trim Many (page 232)

Break Two Pieces (page 233)

Break at Intersection (page 233)

Break Many Pieces (page 233)

Break Drafting into Lines (page 234)

Break Circles (page 234)

Close Arc (page 234)

Trim/Break/ExtendUse this flexible function and ribbon bar to:

Trim 1, 2 or 3 selected entities

Trim to a selected point or position

Trim, break or extend an entity to a specified length

Divide entities, based in the nearest intersection

Break and automatically extend selected entities

Figure 4-1: Trim/Break/Extend ribbon bar

When this ribbon bar appears, you can begin trimming to one entity by selecting the entity to trim then selecting an entity in the location you want to trim to. Or, you can trim two entities by selecting the first entity then double–clicking the second. For other ribbon bar options (for example, Trim 3 entities, or Trim to length), choose the option, then select one or more entities and specify parameters, as necessary.

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MODIFYING GEOMETRY / Editing Entities • 229

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Note: Mastercam's auto-preview feature displays the results of the selected function as you move the mouse over the final entity selection. A solid line represents what will be created. A dashed line represents what will be removed.

Trim 1 EntityThe following examples illustrate how to use the Trim 1 option to select and trim a vertical line to a horizontal line. The result varies depending on where you select the vertical line (the entity to trim) before selecting the horizontal line (the entity to which you are trimming). The visual cue (+) in the left-most image shows where you select the vertical line; the right-most image shows the resulting trim after you select the horizontal line.

Example 1

Example 2

Trim 2 EntitiesThe next examples show how to use the Trim 2 option to select and trim two lines to their intersection. Again, the result varies depending on where you select the lines.


Figure 4-2: Example Trim 2


Trim 3 EntitiesThe following example illustrates how to use the Trim 3 option. The first two entities that you select are trimmed to the third, which acts as a trimming curve. The third entity is then trimmed to the first two. This function is useful for trimming two lines to a circle that is tangent to both lines. You select the arc last, and the results vary depending on whether you click the top or the bottom of the arc (the portion you want to keep).


Divide EntitiesWhen you choose the Divide function and select an entity in the graphics window, Mastercam uses the nearest two intersections on each end to divide the entity. It trims the line or arc into two disjointed segments by removing the segment that lies


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between two dividing intersections. The following example shows a line trimmed between two arcs.

Figure 4-5: Example Trim Divide

Note: If only one intersection exists, the selected entity is trimmed to the single intersection. If no intersection is found on the selected entity, or the point of intersection is an endpoint of the selected entity, the entity is deleted.

Trim to PointUse this option to trim or extend an entity to a point or any defined position in the graphics window. If the point that you enter does not lie on the selected entity, Mastercam calculates the closest position on the entity and trims the entity to that point. The following example shows an arc that is trimmed (in this case, extended) to a point that does not lie on the curve.

Figure 4-6: Example Trim to Point

Trim to LengthThis option makes it easy to trim or extend a selected entity based on a specified length. To use this option, first type a value in the Length field. Then select an entity endpoint in the graphics window. The specified value will be added to or subtracted from the endpoint of the selected entity.

To extend the entity beyond the selected endpoint, type a positive number.

To trim the entity from the selected endpoint, type a negative number.


Note: If you select the entity before setting a value in the Length field, the default value is used (0.1 inch or 1 mm, based on the current configuration unit setting).

Trim/BreakUse these buttons to toggle between trimming or breaking the entities you have selected in the graphics window. Selecting Break automatically extends selected entities that do not intersect.

Trim ManyThe Trim Many function and ribbon bar lets you trim (or break) multiple lines, arcs, or splines to a selected entity without modifying the trimming curve.

Figure 4-7: Trim Many ribbon bar

After choosing this function, select one or more entities to trim. Then choose the entity to trim to and indicate the side of the trimming curve you want to keep. You can preview the results before accepting the changes. Before accepting the change, you can also flip the results from one side of the trimming curve to the other, and switch the results between trimming or breaking the selected entities. The example below shows four arcs that are trimmed to a line. The dashed line shows the portion of each arc that is trimmed, which varies depending on which side of the curves you select to keep.

Note: When you choose the Break option rather than Trim, it disables the Flip function and the option to select a side of the trimming curve to keep.

Select

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Break Two PiecesUse this command to break an entity at any specified point. After selecting Break Two Pieces, choose an entity in the graphics window, and then click where you want the break.

For more precise selections, use AutoCursor to choose the break point. For example, to break a line at its center, select the AutoCursor Midpoint option, and then click a line. Mastercam splits the line at its midpoint, regardless of where you clicked.

Break at IntersectionUse this simple function to select one or more intersecting line, arc, or spline entities and break them at each intersection. First, select one or more intersecting entities to break. Then, press Enter or choose the end selection function in the General Selection ribbon bar to break the selected entities where they intersect.

Break Many PiecesUse this function to break selected lines, arcs, and splines into uniform segments based on the specified number of segments or the distance between them (segment length).

Figure 4-8: Break Many Pieces ribbon bar

When breaking an entity, you choose to delete, keep, or blank the underlying geometry.

Use the Lines and Arcs options to switch between breaking the selected entity into multiple lines or arcs.

For splines, you can enter a segment Number and Distance or you can specify a Tolerance based on chord height.

The Exact distance option creates segments of the exact length specified in the Distance field. If the selected entity cannot be divided evenly, Mastercam creates as many segments of the exact length as possible, along with a shorter “remainder” segment.

The Rounded distance option changes the entered Number and/or Distance values so that the function creates segments of all equal lengths.

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Break Drafting into LinesYou can break selected drafting entities into geometric entities in a manner similar to the Break Many Pieces function. Choose the Break Drafting into Lines function when you want to:

Break drafting dimensions, notes, labels, witness lines, and leader lines into lines, arcs, and NURBS splines.

Break lines in a crosshatch pattern into line entities. The newly created lines retain the same line style as the crosshatch pattern.

Break a copious data entity into points or lines, based on the original form of the copious data entity.

CAUTION: Numbers and letters break into small, individual lines, arcs and splines that, typically, are not collinear and cannot be rejoined.

To break the selected drafting entities, press [Enter].

Break CirclesThis last function in the Trim/Break submenu allows you to break circles into any number of equal length segments you specify. After choosing the function, select one or more circles to break, type the number of arcs you want to break the circles into and press Enter.

TIP: Use the Close arc or Join entities functions to join arcs into circles.

Close ArcUse this function to select and convert all arcs that are less than 360 degrees to complete circles by extending their ends to close the arc.

Edit MenuIn addition to the trim/break/extend functions, the Edit menu also includes the following functions you use to join and modify entities.

Note: For more information on working with surfaces, see “Displaying Surfaces and Solids” on page 280 and “Working with Surfaces and Solids” on page 280.


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Join EntitiesThis function is useful when you want to join collinear lines, arcs that have the same center and radius, or splines that were originally created as the same entity.

Note: If the two entities you select to join have different attributes, Mastercam creates a new entity using the attributes of the first entity you select. For example, if you select a dashed line and a solid line, the lines are joined to create a single dashed line.

Modify SplineUse this function to change the shape of a NURBS or parametric spline entity. From Mastercam's menu, choose Edit, Modify Spline, and then select a spline entity. All entity control points appear in yellow and remain visible for as long as you work with the selected entity.

To modify the selected entity, click and drag a control point. Mastercam draws the modified shape or surface using a dashed line style in the highlight color. This drawing style lets you easily distinguish the modified entity from the original.

Before accepting a change, preview the modification, based on the new control point position. To accept the new position, click again to release the control point. Continue to select control points, or exit the function by pressing [Enter].

Note: When you choose to modify a parametric spline, the Modify Spline ribbon bar displays. Use the End point tangent buttons on the ribbon bar to maintain tangency conditions.

Convert NURBSThis function allows you to:

Convert lines, arcs, and parametric splines to NURBS splines.

Convert curve-generated and parametric surfaces to NURBS surfaces.

When you choose this function, no ribbon bar appears but the function is active and you are prompted to select a line, arc, spline or surface to convert to a NURBS entity. After selecting one or more entities, press Enter to convert them.


TIP: To change the shape of a NURBS entity, use the Modify Spline function.

SimplifyYou can create arcs based on the geometry of circular-shaped splines by using the Simplify function to convert them to arcs. When working with arcs instead of splines, you can more easily and accurately reference the centers of the circular geometry or dimension the circles.

You can also use this function and ribbon bar to convert splines that define lines into line entities.

Figure 4-9: Simplify ribbon bar

Notes:

• Use this function when working with file conversions if geometry that is supposed to denote circles, arcs, or lines appears as splines.

• The Xform menu provides additional functions you can use to modify entities. For more information on using Xform functions, see “Transforming Entities (Xform)” on page 237.

Set NormalUse this function to set the direction of multiple surface normals to the current construction plane (Cplane). You can select surfaces before or after choosing the function.

Figure 4-10: Select normals ribbon bar

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MODIFYING GEOMETRY / Transforming Entities (Xform) • 237

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A surface normal is a vector (direction) that is perpendicular to the tangent plane of a surface at the point of tangency. In the following pictures, the arrow shows the normal vector directions of a surface at the position of the base of the arrow.

Change NormalThis function makes it easy to view and reverse a surface normal. When prompted, select a surface. A normal direction arrow displays.

Figure 4-11: Change normal ribbon bar

Click the surface to reverse its normal. You can then select another surface, or click OK to finalize your changes.

Transforming Entities (Xform)Transforming entities is similar to editing, but offers more advanced functions for manipulating fixed entities. In a single operation, you can move selected entities and optionally create copies of them by mirroring, rotating, scaling, offsetting, translating,


stretching, rolling, and dragging. With some transform functions, you can also join the copied entities to the originals to easily create more complex geometry.

Mastercam lets you preview and modify the results of most transform functions before accepting them. Previewing shows a detailed live image in the graphics window of the move, copy, or join transformation. The previewed entities are placed in the position you chose in the function dialog box or ribbon bar. To conserve resources, Mastercam may display the preview image as a 3D cube or a 2D rectangle sized in proportion to the results-set area. This occurs most often when transforming, scaling, mirroring, or rotating larger models (for example, those containing multiple solids and surfaces or a large number of entities).

When you perform a transform function, Mastercam creates a temporary group from the original entities and a result from the transformed entities. The system-generated group and result are indicated by a color change that stays in effect only until you use the Screen, Clear Colors option or perform another transform function. The default colors are red for the original group and purple for the result.

Access transform functions from the Xform menu or toolbar. In this section, you will learn to use the following functions to modify geometry:

Translate (page 239) Translate 3D (page 241)

Mirror (page 243) Rotate (page 244)

Scale (page 246) Dynamic Xform (page 247)

Move to Origin (page 251) Offset (page 251)

Offset Contour (page 252) Project (page 254)

Rectangular Array (page 256)

Roll (page 257)

Drag (page 259) Stretch (page 259)

Xform STL (page 261) Xform Geometry Nesting (page 262)


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TIP: When you translate and join entities, duplicate lines sometimes result and can interfere with chaining. You can configure Mastercam to automatically delete duplicate lines created during a join operation by setting this default in the CAD Settings page of the System Configuration dialog box. For more information on this and other configuration options, see “Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences” on page 836.

Assigning New Attributes to Transformed EntitiesThe Use New Attributes check box is available in each Xform dialog box. When you select this option, the Level and Color fields that display allow you to assign a unique level and color to the transformed entities.

Creating the transformed entities on a different level and in a different color from the original entities can make them easier to identify. To create transformed entities using the attributes of the original entities, deselect this option.

TranslateChoose the Translate function to move, copy or join entities within the same view (plane) without altering their orientation, size, or shape. You can translate all geometric and drafting entity types using:

Rectangular coordinates (X, Y, Z)

Polar coordinates (vector and length)

Between two points (base and new base)

Before accepting the translation, you can preview and flip the results from the first direction, based on the specified values, to the opposite direction or, choose to create results in both directions.


TIP: To make the new geometry easy to identify, use the Attributes check box and fields to create it in a unique color and on a specified level.

Notes:

• To translate between different views (planes), use the Translate 3D function.

• When you translate and join entities, duplicate lines sometimes result and can interfere with chaining. You can configure Mastercam to automatically delete duplicate lines created during a join operation by selecting Delete duplicate entities in File, Open on the Files property page in the System Configuration dialog box.

• When performing a transform function, Mastercam creates a temporary group from the originals (red) and a result (purple) from the transformed entities. These system groups appear in the Groups dialog box. However, they stay in effect only until you use the Screen, Clear Colors function or perform another transform function.

• If you are transforming multiple solids, multiple surfaces, or a large number of lines or arcs, and the Preview check box is selected, Mastercam displays a 3D cube (for 3D geometry) or a 2D rectangle (for 2D geometry) as a preview. The final geometry only displays when you choose OK or Apply.

• All edit fields are reset to 0 (zero) each time you enter the dialog box. You can enter a value or select a value from the MRU (most recently used) drop-down list.

• When translating entities, if intersecting entities have been partially selected using a window selection method, you can optionally stretch (lengthen or shorten) selected lines. Lines are stretched when they cross or intersect the window used to select the entities. The line endpoints that lie within the selection window are translated, while the endpoints that lie outside the selection window maintain their original positions.


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Figure 4-12: Translate dialog box

The translation result remains live until you accept it. This flexibility allows you to preview and flip the direction of the results, or create results in both directions.

Translate 3DUse this function to move or create copies of selected entities between views (from one plane to another) without altering their orientation, size, or shape.


Figure 4-13: Translate 3D dialog box

To move, rotate, and translate geometric and drafting entity types in 3D, select the two views you want to work with and define a translation vector using the distance and angle between any two points you choose in the graphics window. Mastercam automatically calculates the vector between the views. The first point that you choose is relative to the first view (source plane). The second point is relative to the second view (destination plane).


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MirrorYou can create mirror images of geometric and drafting entities with this function. The entities are reflected symmetrically with respect to the axis you choose, including:

Horizontal axis of the current construction plane

Vertical axis of the current construction plane

Specified angle

Selected line

Theoretical line defined between two points

Figure 4-14: Mirror dialog box


TIP: If your selection contains one or more drafting notes or labels, select the Mirror label and note text check box to mirror the text relative to the selected positions. To prevent mirrored text from being turned upside down or reversed, deselect this option.

When mirroring entities, you can move, copy or join the original entities within the drawing. First, choose the entities you want to work with. Then, select the type of mirror image to create. If necessary, you also select specific reference points in the graphics window where you want to place the mirrored entities.

RotateThis function makes it easy to move, copy, or join selected geometric and drafting entities around a center point. You can translate or rotate the entities around the selected center point by a specified angle. Translating will rotate the transformed entities without changing the axis orientation. Rotating transformed entities changes the axis orientation.


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Figure 4-15: Rotate dialog box

The angle is calculated relative to the horizontal axis of the current construction plane. Entering a positive angle results in a counterclockwise rotation, and a negative angle results in a clockwise rotation.

When creating more than one copy of the selected entities, you can apply the specified angle between each copy, or to the entire sweep of copies. You can also choose to remove selected copies from the results set.


Figure 4-16: Example Translate rectangle

Figure 4-17: Example Rotate rectangle

ScaleScaling allows you to increase or decrease the size of entities by a factor or percentage relative to a defined point. You can scale all geometric and drafting entity types using either a uniform or XYZ scale method.

Uniform: Scales the entities by a single factor or percentage on all three axes. The entities change size while maintaining their original shape.

XYZ: Applies a different scale factor or percentage to each of the axes (XYZ). The entities not only change size but may change shape as well, appearing to be stretched or squeezed from their original shape.


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Figure 4-18: Scale dialog box

When scaling selected entities, you can also choose to move, copy or join them.

Note: If you apply XYZ scaling to a solid, the solid’s history is lost and the resulting entity is a brick.

Dynamic XformUse Dynamic Xform to manipulate geometry orientation and location through the use of an interactive gnomon in the graphics window. The gnomon is made up of three axes connected at the origin. There are five selection points along each axis.


Figure 4-19: Dynamic Xform gnomon selections

Each segment of the axis line is used to produce a different type of transform motion. Through the gnomon interaction, you have the ability to translate in both XYZ and polar format, rotate in a plane about a perpendicular axis, translate along an axis, and align geometry to other entities.

The major advantage of working with Dynamic Xform is the interaction in the graphics window. This provides a dynamic visual representation of Mastercam's transform/translate movements as changes are being made. You also have access to translate, translate 3D, and rotate all within one powerful function.

Unique to the Dynamic Xform ribbon bar are the Move to origin and Align with axes options.

Figure 4-20: Dynamic Xform ribbon bar

Select the origin or axes from the drop-down menu, click the appropriate button, and the gnomon or geometry will move in one easy step.

Translate XYZ/PolarUse this function to translate entities through XYZ (Delta) or Polar inputs using an interactive gnomon. The translation can be applied to the gnomon or to geometry depending on the option selected on the Dynamic Xform ribbon bar.

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Figure 4-21: Translate XYZ/Polar ribbon bar (when Delta is selected)

Figure 4-22: Translate XYZ/Polar ribbon bar (when Polar is selected)

Select the axis origin of the gnomon to enter the Translate XYZ/Polar mode. The positions to move from and to can be entered using the AutoCursor, typing values in the ribbon bar data fields, or simply by sketching points on the screen. The 2D/3D construction mode is also respected in the function.

Translate AlongUse this function to translate entities along an axis using an interactive gnomon. The translation can be applied to the gnomon or to geometry depending on the option selected on the Dynamic Xform ribbon bar.

Figure 4-23: Translate Along ribbon bar

Select the first leg of the axis on the gnomon to enter the Translate Along mode. A scale is displayed indicating the along direction as well as snap increments which control the position. The snap increments are controlled through the Gnomon Settings dialog box. A Length field is available for input on the ribbon bar. The gnomon or geometry will be translated this length along the selected axis.

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Xform RotateUse this function to rotate entities about an axis using an interactive gnomon. The rotation can be applied to the gnomon or to geometry depending on the option selected on the Dynamic Xform ribbon bar.

Figure 4-24: Xform Rotate ribbon bar

The Xform Rotate mode can be entered in two ways. You can select the axis label to produce a rotation about a perpendicular axis or you can select the second leg of an axis to rotate about the opposite axis. AutoCursor selections can be used in rotate as well as 2D/3D construction modes. The rotation increments are controlled through the Gnomon Settings dialog box.

Xform AlignUse this function to align entities to existing geometry using an interactive gnomon. The alignment can be applied to the gnomon or to geometry depending on the option selected on the Dynamic Xform ribbon bar.

Figure 4-25: Xform Align ribbon bar

Select the axis arrow head to enter the Xform Align mode. You can align the selected entities to a line or solid edge, an arc or spline, or a surface or solid face. The alignment varies depending on the geometry selected to align to. All forms of alignment provide a flip option to reverse the direction of the axis. Use the [F] shortcut key to perform the flip, or you can use the Flip button on the ribbon bar. AutoCursor positions can be used for alignment.

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Move to OriginUse this function to quickly move all visible geometry to the current WCS origin based on a point that you select with the AutoCursor.

The Move to Origin function respects the 2D/3D construction mode. In 2D mode, the point you select with the AutoCursor moves to the XY origin, but all entities retain their original Z value. In 3D mode, the point that you select with the AutoCursor moves to 0,0,0 and the Z values of the other entities update respectively.

There is no dialog box for this function. Once you select a point with AutoCursor, the visible geometry moves to the origin relative to that position.

Note: Translate, Translate 3D, Rotate and other Xform functions offer more advanced and precise transformation methods.

OffsetUse this function to offset one entity at a time. You can move or copy a single entity parallel to the original; displacing it by a defined distance and direction. The direction is perpendicular to the entity along every point, and relative to the current construction plane.


Figure 4-26: Offset dialog box

You can create multiple copies and use the Direction button to create parallel entities on either side of the selected entity or on both sides.

Offset ContourUse the Offset Contour function to move or copy one or more chained entities; displacing them by a defined distance and direction and, optionally, a depth.

Offsets are created perpendicular to the selected entity chains at every position, relative to the current construction plane.


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Figure 4-27: Offset Contour dialog box

The offset direction is controlled by the chaining selection sequence. If the preview shows offset results that are in the wrong direction, use the Direction button to reverse the results.


Choose one of the following Corners options to manage the gaps that result when you offset a chain of curves outward:

None: Extends the entities until they connect when offsetting the boundary outward.

Sharp: Creates arcs at sharp corners to connect the entities when offsetting the boundary outward. A sharp corner has 135 degrees or less.

All: Creates arcs at all corners to connect the entities when offsetting the boundary outward.

Note: When you offset the boundary inward, the system trims the boundary at corners.

ProjectWhen you choose this function, Mastercam offers a variety of different methods you can use to project selected entities, including:

Depth: Projects selected entities to the Z-depth you choose in the current construction plane.

Plane: Projects selected entities in various positions in 3D space and squashes them into a flat, 2D plane. Mastercam converts NURBS splines if they are not parallel to the construction plane.

Surface: Projects curves onto surfaces and solids.


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Figure 4-28: Project dialog box

When projecting points onto surfaces, select the Points/Lines check box and button to access the Project Points dialog box.


Figure 4-29: Project Points dialog box

Use this dialog box to optionally:

Create additional points and lines from the preview

Specify line length

Flip the results of the lines without having to flip the surface normal or use a negative value for the length

Output the results to a named APT or XYZ file format

Rectangular ArrayThis function makes it easy to quickly create an array (grid) of entities by copying selected entities simultaneously in one or two directions, relative to the construction plane. For each direction, you can specify a unique number of copies to create, and the offset distance and angle.


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Figure 4-30: Rectangular Array dialog box

RollUse the Roll function to wrap lines, arcs, and splines about an axis as though around a cylinder, or unwrap rolled entities to make them lie flat.


Figure 4-31: Roll dialog box

To roll or unroll entities, Mastercam breaks the entities relative to a specified angle tolerance or two points you select in the graphics window. The points are used to calculate the translation distance of the rolled/unrolled entities.

The new geometry, called target geometry, is created based on the break points. Use the Type field to choose the type of target geometry to create, for example Line/Arcs, Points, or Splines.


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Note: The rotation axis is relative to the current construction plane.

DragUse the mouse with the Drag function and ribbon bar options to select entities and dynamically move or copy them to a new position by dragging and translating or rotating them.

Figure 4-32: Drag ribbon bar

When translating entities, if intersecting entities have been partially selected using a window selection method, you can optionally stretch (lengthen or shorten) selected lines. Lines are stretched when they cross or intersect the window used to select the entities. The line endpoints that lie within the selection window are translated, while the endpoints that lie outside the selection window maintain their original positions.

Notes:

• You cannot drag shaded surfaces.

• The Translate, Rotate, and other Xform functions offer more advanced and precise transformation methods than are available by dragging entities.

• When rotating geometry, you can use the AutoCursor’s Angular snap setting.

StretchUse this function to stretch entities within a single, 2D plane. You can stretch all geometric and drafting entity types using:

Rectangular coordinates (X, Y, Z)

Polar coordinates (vector and length)

Points (between two locations)

Before accepting the stretch, you can preview and flip the results. You can even create results in both original and flipped directions.

Select

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TIP: To make the new geometry easy to identify, use the Attributes check box and fields to create the geometry in a unique color and on a specified level.

When performing a stretch function with the Preview option selected, Mastercam creates a temporary group from the original entities (red) and a result (purple) from the transformed entities. These system groups appear in the Groups dialog box. However, they stay in effect only until you use the Screen, Clear Colors function or perform another transform function.

Note: All edit fields are reset to 0 (zero) each time you enter the dialog box. You can enter a value or select a value from the MRU (most recently used) drop-down list.

Stretching EntitiesThe following examples show a rectangle that is stretched out of its original shape using the Stretch function. First, use the AutoCursor window selection method to select two of the rectangle’s intersecting lines. In the Stretch dialog box, specify the translation position for the selected entities.

Figure 4-33: Example 1, Windows selection


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Figure 4-34: Example 2, Transform Stretch

Xform STLSTL is an acronym for StereoLithography, a 3D model file type developed by 3D Systems, Inc. An STL file is a large collection of oriented triangles that represent surface and solid models. If you work with STL files, you use this function to mirror, rotate, scale, offset, and translate STL files.

Select the Bounding Box check box and button to access the Bounding Box dialog box, and create rectangular or cylindrical boundary around the STL file.


Figure 4-35: Xform STL dialog box

You can save the results to the same file or to a new file.

Xform Geometry NestingThe Nesting add-on to Mastercam fits parts onto a sheet of material for best yield. Nesting operates on geometry or toolpaths. For geometry nesting (Xform menu, Geometry Nesting) Mastercam can nest geometry consisting of a closed boundary. Open chains can be selected and will be nested along with the boundary in which they are contained, as can drafting notes.

Follow these general guidelines to nest geometry. 1 Add sheets.

Open a file or chain geometry.

Set sheet quantity.

Set the sheet origin.

2 Add geometry.

MODIFYING GEOMETRY / Analyzing Entities • 263

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Chain geometry from the current MCX file or import geometry from another file.

Set minimum part quantity.

Create filler parts or fill all sheets.

Set margins and spacing.

3 Fine tune to increase yield.

Use the step angle option on the Parts tab to control part rotation.

Change the spacing between parts.

When material surface finish is the same on both sides of the material, use Mirror to flip parts horizontally.

TIPS:

• Have Mastercam create as many sheets as needed to accommodate the number of parts by choosing Create necessary sheets on the Sheets tab.

• On the Parts tab, use Fill all sheets to have Mastercam automatically create parts to fill up the material (up to 3500 parts per sheet). Use Filler Quantity to create a specific number of parts within the nested area.

• Use colors and levels to organize results by setting these options in the Nesting configuration dialog box.

• Save common sheet sizes to sheet libraries or in individual MCX files.• Save common parts in MCX files.• When you require a controlled number of each part in the nesting results,

create a group. • Use bump nesting to manually edit the nested results while maintaining the

“part-to-part” distance. Click the Delete, Drag, and Customize buttons in the Nesting Results dialog box to access bump nesting features.

• To read a detailed report about the nesting results, choose Details in the Nesting Results dialog box.

Analyzing EntitiesUse the Analyze menu functions to retrieve analytical data for most elements that appear in the graphics window. This includes the following entity information:

entity type properties contours positions

database properties distances chains

2D and surface areas angles


For most functions, you can modify some or all of the information in analyze dialog box fields.

This topic defines each analyze function and provides you with general instructions for its use. Analyze menu functions include:

Analyze Entity PropertiesUse the Analyze Entity Properties function to view entity properties and edit some or all of the data, based on the entity type. You can select one or more entities before or after choosing the Analyze function. You can analyze the following entity types:

Lines, arcs, points, and splines (parametric and NURBS)

All surfaces and solids

Drafting entities

Analyze Entity Properties(page 264)

Analyze Position(page 266)

Analyze Distance(page 267)

Area/Volume Submenu(page 268)

Analyze Chain(page 269)

Analyze Contour(page 271)

Analyze Angle(page 272)

Analyze Dynamic(page 273)

Number/Database Submenu (page 274)

Test Surfaces and Solids Submenu (page 276)

Changing Entity Attributes(page 278)


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Figure 4-36: Example: Analyze Entity Properties dialog box

When you select more than one entity to analyze, a single properties dialog box appears for the first entity type. The left and right arrow buttons in the dialog box indicate that you are analyzing more than one entity, and allow you to cycle through the previous or next entity in the selection group.


The Analyze function remains active until you press the Esc key or close the properties dialog box, allowing you to select and analyze additional entities.

Entity attribute fields for Level, Color, line Style and Width, or Point style appear in all properties dialog boxes. Use these fields to modify the attributes of a single entity, or use the Propagate Attribute Changes apply button to assign the same attributes to all selected entities. (This button is available only when multiple entities are selected or when attributes are changed.)

Analyze PositionYou can view the XYZ coordinates of a selected position or point entity using the Analyze Position function.

Figure 4-37: Analyze Position dialog box

This function remains active until you close the dialog box so you can continue to select and analyze different points or positions.


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TIP: This function provides read-only information. To modify the point or position XYZ values, use the Analyze function.

Analyze DistanceUse this function to analyze the distance between two selected entities or positions by creating one or more theoretical lines.

Figure 4-38: Analyze Distance dialog box

Based on your selections, you can view information on the point positions (XYZ coordinates), angle between points or entities, and either the 2D and 3D lengths or, the minimum and maximum distance. The 3D XYZ delta values (differences) between the selected points or entities also displays.


Note: This function does not create geometry or update the properties of the selected entities.

Area/Volume SubmenuThis submenu offers functions for analyzing 2D and surface areas and, if Mastercam Solids is installed, for analyzing solid properties.

Analyze 2D AreaUse this function to analyze an area you define by selecting curve boundaries relative to a specified chord height tolerance.

Figure 4-39: Analyze 2D Area dialog box

You can view details on the boundary and perimeter areas, center of gravity, and moment of inertia about the X and Y axes and about the center of gravity. You can save the data to a specified file type, filename, and location.

Analyze Surface AreaYou can generate information on the total surface area of the surfaces and solid faces you select, relative to the chord height tolerance you specify.


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Figure 4-40: Analyze Surface Area dialog box

You can optionally save the resulting data to a specified file type, filename, and location.

TIP: A smaller chord height tolerance value results in a more precise analysis and a more accurate calculation of area.

Analyze Solid PropertiesIf Mastercam Solids is installed, this function lets you analyze data on the solid volume and mass relative to a defined density, the center of gravity, and the moment of inertia relative to a selected axis line.

Figure 4-41: Analyze Solid Properties dialog box

In addition, you can save the solid data to a file.

Analyze ChainThis function allows Mastercam to analyze the chains you select in order to identify one or more subtle problems that might be overlooked, including:

Only overlapping entities that are adjacent or all overlapping entities, regardless of their relative position.


Positions where the chain reverses direction by a value that exceeds the minimum angle you specify.

Short entities; those with a length smaller than the maximum length value you define.

Figure 4-42: Analyze Chain dialog box

After analyzing the selected chains, Mastercam reports the number of each type of problem it finds and highlights the problem areas in the graphics window.

Figure 4-43: Example: Analyze Chain summary

You can optionally create geometry to mark problem areas as they are detected during the analyze process. This geometry helps you zoom in on problem areas in order to fix them. Mastercam creates red arcs (circles) for overlapping entities, yellow point entities for direction reversals, and blue arcs (circles) for short entities.


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Note: To avoid missing overlapping or short entities, we recommend that you use the Window chaining method when selecting the chains you want to analyze.

Analyze ContourUse the Analyze Contour function to generate a text report containing the properties of all the entities in one or more chained curves. The curves can contain lines, arcs, or points (no splines). You can analyze either 2D or 3D contours. For 2D contours, you can analyze a contour which is offset from the chained curve, and which uses cornering options, simulating a simple contour toolpath.

Figure 4-44: Analyze Contour dialog box


Figure 4-45: Example: Analyze Contour summary

The generated report opens in your default text editor and lists the properties of each entity in the chained curves. Before saving the file to a specified location, you can view and edit the data or add comments, as necessary.

Analyze AngleThis simple function lets you analyze the angles between two lines or three point that you select in the graphics window. Mastercam displays values for the first angle and the supplementary angle.


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Figure 4-46: Analyze Angle dialog box

You can also choose a method for measuring the angle:

Cplane: Shows the angle based on the current Cplane.

3D: Shows the actual angle of the lines in the plane they define.

Note: If the lines do not lie in the same plane and do not intersect, only the Cplane option is available; the 3D option is unavailable.

Analyze DynamicYou can dynamically view information on any position you choose along an entity. When you select the entity, you use the cursor to move the arrow endpoint that appears along the entity to the position you want to analyze.


Figure 4-47: Analyze Dynamic dialog box

The information that appears in the dialog box fields for the selected entity type includes:

Lines—Point and tangent XYZ coordinates.

Arcs and splines—Point and tangent XYZ coordinates and the radius of curvature.

Surfaces and solid faces—Point XYZ coordinates, the normal XYZ coordinates, and the minimum radius of curvature.

In the Vector section, you can type a length to view the corresponding endpoint XYZ coordinates of the vector.

Number/Database SubmenuThis submenu offers functions you use to view information based on an entity’s database properties. Each function and its use is described below.


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Analyze NumberUse this function to easily identify and view the properties of an entity using only the entity number (a database property automatically assigned to all entities).

Figure 4-48: Analyze Number dialog box

When you type the number of the entity you want to analyze and choose OK, the properties dialog box for the entity appears and the selected entity is highlighted in the graphics window.

Notes:

• You can also use the Analyze Entity Properties function to select one or more entities to analyze in the graphics window.

• To identify the entity number of a specific entity, use the Analyze Database function.

Analyze DatabaseThis function provides database-related information about a selected entity. You can view the entity number, creation date and time, and number of references for associations to the entity including:

Geometry (surfaces and dimensions)

Solids

Toolpaths


Figure 4-49: Database Properties dialog box

This function remains active until you close the dialog box, allowing you to continue to select and analyze the database properties of different entities.

Test Surfaces and Solids SubmenuThis submenu allows you to analyze surfaces and solids. You can test the integrity of surface and solids models using customized parameters.

Analyze Test SurfacesUse this function to perform one or more of the following analyses on a surface model.

Check model: Checks for self-intersections, backups, and internal sharp ridges against a tolerance you specify.

Small surfaces: Checks for surfaces that lie on top of other surfaces with the area size you define.

Normals: Analyzes the normal vector of the selected surfaces and reports the number of bad surfaces whose normal vector reverses direction abruptly in one or more locations.

Base surfaces: Checks for base surfaces and allows you to optionally blank or unblank them in the graphics window.


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Figure 4-50: Test Surfaces dialog box

Analyze Check SolidsIf Mastercam Solids is installed, you use this function to identify error conditions that may pose problems in solid modeling operations. If errors are detected, the Check Solid dialog box appears and lists the default maximum number of errors (10).


Figure 4-51: Check Solids dialog box

If no errors are detected, a confirming message appears. When errors are detected, you can select an error from the list to highlight its location in the graphics window.

TIP: It is possible that there are more errors than can be displayed, based on the maximum number of errors you set in this dialog box. Reset the Maximum number of errors to a high value and recheck the solid to see if additional errors exist.

Changing Entity AttributesEntity attributes are physical characteristics you assign to an entity that include its color, level, line style, line width, and point style. When working with complex geometry, assigning entities to different levels, colors, line styles and widths helps you quickly locate and isolate points, lines, arcs, and other entities, and simplifies your design and machining processes. You have several options for assigning and changing entity attributes.


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To store initial entity attributes in a configuration file:Use the CAD Settings tab of the System Configuration dialog box (choose Settings, Configuration, CAD Settings). After saving entity attributes, when you start a new drawing session or open a new file, initial attributes are loaded from the Mastercam configuration file.

To set entity attributes only for the current drawing session:Access the Entity Attributes Manager dialog box by choosing Attributes from the Status bar. Then, choose the EA Mgr button in the Attributes dialog box. The changes you make will override the initial configuration parameters and apply to all entities created during the remainder of the current drawing session.

To modify entity attributes for one or more selected entities, use one of the following methods:

In the Status bar, position the cursor in the attribute field you want to modify; this activates the right–click mouse option, indicated by a change in the mouse pointer. Right–click to choose the option, then select the items to change. When you press Enter, the dialog box for the selected attribute displays, allowing you to make and apply changes to all selected entities.

Choose a function from the Analyze menu. Entity attribute fields for level, color, line style and width, or point style appear in all analyze properties dialog boxes. You can modify the attributes of a single entity, or use the Global apply button to apply the attributes to all selected entities.

To modify solid entity attributes:Choose the Solids tab from the Operations Manager pane. Select a solid, right-click on the selected solid, then choose Attributes.

TIP: You can also use the Status bar Color, Point style, Line style, Line width, and Level fields to modify the specific attribute for selected entities, or for entities you will create in the current session.

chapter 5

Working with Surfaces and Solids

This chapter provides information on Mastercam functions and concepts that are required to create more complex parts. You will find information on:

Displaying Surfaces and Solids . . . . . . . . . . . page 280

Surface Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 286

Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 313

Displaying Surfaces and SolidsYou can display both surfaces and solids as wireframe (unshaded) or shaded.

Figure 5-1: Wireframe and shaded display options

Additional options that appear in the Shading toolbar area are available only for Solids. These options include:

dimmed wireframe

no hidden wireframe

outlined shaded

WORKING WITH SURFACES AND SOLIDS / Displaying Surfaces and Solids • 281

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Figure 5-2: Solid shaded examples

To display surfaces and solids as wireframes:

Choose the Wireframe button on the Shading toolbar (if shading a solid,

choose Dimmed Wireframe or No Hidden Wireframe).

To set the parameters that control shading for the current Mastercam session:

Choose the Shade Settings button on the Shading toolbar, or choose

Screen, Shade Settings. For more information, see “Shading Settings” on page 282.

To set the default shade settings:Choose Settings, Configuration, Shading.

To shade surfaces and solids:

Choose the Shaded button from the Shading toolbar (if shading a solid,

choose Outlined Shaded), or choose Screen, Shade Settings, and select Shading Active.

TIP: Press [Alt+S] to toggle shading on or off. This shortcut key does not affect the type of shading, nor the wireframe outline setting.

Shaded with outline Shaded with hidden lines removed


Shading SettingsShading settings control the appearance of shaded surfaces and solids. The Shading Settings dialog box provides this control. Choose Screen, Shade Settings to open the Shading Settings dialog box:

Figure 5-3: Shading Settings Dialog Box

Entity SelectionYou can shade all surfaces and solids in the current job or only selected entities.

Activate or deactivate shading; shade all entities or only selected entities.

Define the angle between radial display lines used to represent the surfaces of closed, circular solids.

Select “Mouse dynamics” to move shaded images; deselect to move wireframe images.

Define or edit material appearance.

Define characteristics of and turn on/off spot lights.


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To shade all entities:1 Choose Screen, Shade Settings.

2 Enable both Shading active and All Entities.

To shade only selected entities:1 Choose Screen, Shade Settings.

2 Enable Shading active and disable All Entities. Mastercam prompts you to select entities for shading.

3 Select entities.

4 End selection to shade the selected entities.

TIP: If you want to shade all surfaces of a three-dimensional object, make sure you select all surfaces.

ColorsTo control the shading color, choose Screen, Shade Settings, and then:

To use the color of the entity as the shading color, choose Entity color.

To select a shading color from the color palette, choose Select color. The current shading color displays. To change it, choose the Colors button, and then select a color from the palette.

To use a material color, choose Material, and then select a material from the list. You can create or edit material color settings using the Material dialog box.

Defining Material ColorsYou can define shading colors that simulate materials. Several standard material definitions are provided (brass, bronze, chrome, copper, gold, silver, various colors of plastic and rubber). You can edit the standard materials and create new ones.

The material color definitions consist of amounts of red, green, and blue for each of three kinds of light: ambient, specular, and diffuse. You can also define a shininess value.

To define material colors for use in shading:1 Choose Screen, Shade Settings.

2 Make sure Shading active is enabled.

3 In the Colors group box, choose Material.

4 Choose the Materials button.


a To edit an existing material, choose the material from the list, and then choose Edit Material.

b To create a new material, choose New Material.

5 Enter the desired values and name.

Parameters

Note: Shading active must be enabled to set these parameters.

To set the tolerance used to calculate shading, enter a Chord height. A smaller chord height results in smoother shading.

You can control how Mastercam moves the shaded image during dynamic rotation. To maintain a shaded appearance during rotation, enable Mouse dynamics. To rotate images as wireframes and reapply shading after rotation has ceased, disable Mouse dynamics; this option permits faster display of complex surfaces.

You can make shaded entities translucent, which allows you to see through them so that entities behind them are partially visible. Enable Translucent to display them this way.

LightingMastercam provides many lighting options that allow you to create shading effects:

Ambient light is diffuse light shining onto the entity from all directions.

Spot lights are directional lighting. Spot lights can simulate the diffuse light from a light bulb, or a focused cone of light from a conventional spot light. You can light the entity using multiple spot lights.

You can control the intensity and color of both ambient and spot lighting.

To control shaded entity lighting:1 Choose Screen, Shade Settings.

2 Make sure Shading active is enabled.

3 In the Lighting group box, use the slider or enter a value between 0 and 100 to control the intensity of ambient light.

4 To create spot lighting, choose the Spot lights button.

5 Choose the spot light angle you want to activate:


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Figure 5-4: Shading Spot Lights

6 To turn the spot light on, enable Power:

Figure 5-5: Shading Spot Light Options

7 Choose a light type, intensity, and color.

Note: You can turn on more than one spot light at a time. A yellow image in the spot light angle display indicates that the light is on.


Surface CreationMastercam offers a wide range of surface creation functions you access from the Create, Surface menu or toolbar:

In this section, you will also learn about surface modification functions, including:

Creating Ruled or Lofted Surfaces (page 289)

Creating Net Surfaces (page 293)

Creating Revolved Surfaces (page 291)

Creating Fence Surfaces (page 295)

Creating Offset Surfaces (page 291)

Creating Draft Surfaces (page 295)

Creating Swept Surfaces (page 292)

Creating Extruded Surfaces (page 297)

Filleting Surfaces (page 298)

Filling Holes with Surfaces (page 307)

Trimming Surfaces (page 302)

Removing Boundaries from Trimmed Surfaces (page 309)

Extending Trimmed Surface Edges (page 304)

Splitting Surfaces (page 309)

Extending Surfaces (page 304)

Untrimming Surfaces (page 310)

Creating a Surface from a Solid Face (page 305)

Blending Surfaces (page 310)

Creating a Surface from a Flat Boundary(page 306)

WORKING WITH SURFACES AND SOLIDS / Surface Creation • 287

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TIP: Use other Create menu functions to make simple surface rectangles, rectangular shapes, polygons, ellipses, and primitives. For more information, see “Creating Miscellaneous Shapes” on page 182.

Surface RepresentationMastercam can represent surfaces in three ways:

parametric

NURBS

curve-generated

Not all surface types are appropriate for all surface creation methods.

A parametric surface is analogous to a parametric spline. A parametric surface expands each curve segment in another direction, resulting in a patch. A patch is a surface area bounded by four segments of the generating curves. A parametric surface requires a large amount of data storage space.

A NURBS (non-uniform rational B-spline) surface is analogous to a NURBS curve or spline. A NURBS surface expands a string of control points in another direction, resulting in a grid. It requires less data storage space than a parametric surface but takes longer to process.

A curve-generated surface stores a direct reference to the original curve. It requires less data storage space than either a parametric or a NURBS surface. Swept, net, and blend surfaces cannot be curve-generated.

Note: You define the default surface type by choosing Settings, Configuration, CAD Settings, and then selecting a Spline/surface creation type.

Maximum Surface DeviationThe maximum surface deviation determines how precisely a parametric or NURBS surface fits its generating curves. A smaller deviation results in a surface that fits the curve more closely but requires more memory.

Note: Use the Settings, Configuration, Tolerances properties page to set the maximum surface deviation. The default is 0.001 inch.


Base SurfaceWhen Mastercam creates a trimmed surface (for example, a fence surface or flat boundary surface), it also creates an untrimmed, blanked base surface or parent surface. It uses the base surface for future modifications of the surface. In some cases (flat boundary surfaces, for example), the base surface boundaries may extend beyond the visible surface boundaries.

In most cases, you will not use or be aware of the base surface. The following sections note occasions when the base surface has an effect on an action.

TIP: To display a base surface, unblank it by choosing Screen, Unblank entity. To redisplay the trimmed surface, choose Screen, Blank entity.

Figure 5-6: Example: Surface and base surface

Surface DisplayIn addition to the shading settings, you can control the appearance of surfaces and solids by setting:

Surface drawing density.

Highlight on the back of surfaces (wireframe only). Displays the side opposite the surface normal in a different color (the surface background color).

Surface background color. Used in wireframe display to highlight the side of the surface opposite the surface normal.

Surface motion color.

Surface

Base surface


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Surface Drawing DensitySurface drawing density is the concentration of display curves (not geometric entities) used to show wireframe (unshaded) surfaces and solids in the graphics window. Mastercam determines the appropriate number of curves for a density value based on the composition of the surface. Surface density settings do not affect shaded surfaces.

Surface drawing density is measured by a value between 1 (least dense) and 15 (most dense). Entering a density of zero displays the outline of the surface and one curve in each of the surface directions.

To set the surface drawing density:1 Choose Settings, Configuration, CAD Settings.

2 Enter a value between 1 and 15.

Highlighting Surface BacksHighlighting the backs of surfaces (the side opposite the surface normal) makes it easier to visualize and work with surfaces.

To highlight the backs of surfaces:1 Choose Settings, Configuration, CAD Settings.

2 Select the Draw highlight on back of surfaces check box.

To select the color to be used for background highlighting:1 Choose Settings, Configuration, Colors.

2 Select Surface back side color from the entity list.

3 Select a color.

Creating Ruled or Lofted SurfacesA ruled or lofted surface is created by blending a minimum of two curves or chains of curves. Although they are similar, a ruled surface is a linear blending of the curves, while a lofted surface is a smooth blending of the curves.

Figure 5-7: Ruled/lofted surface ribbon bar

Chain

Lofted

Ruled


Figure 5-8: Example: Loft surface

Figure 5-9: Example: Ruled surface

When you select curves for a ruled surface, the selected ends of each pair of curves (curve one and two, two and three, and so on) compose one edge of the surface. When you select a curve or chain of curves, a temporary arrow displays at the closest endpoint to show which end is selected.

TIPS:

• To better match curves, or chains of curves, select the curves using the Sync chaining method (Chaining Options dialog box). This method allows you to match curves manually or by entity, branch, node, or point.

• As long as the surface is live, you can rechain the curves and switch the surface between ruled and lofted.


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Creating Revolved SurfacesA revolved surface is created by revolving one or more chains of profile curves about a single line axis of rotation. You can control the start angle and the sweep of the revolution to create a partial revolution.

Figure 5-10: Revolved surface ribbon bar

Figure 5-11: Example: Revolved surface

Creating Offset SurfacesAn offset surface is a surface created at a distance and direction relative to the surface normal of a selected surface. It is identical, point for point, to the original surface. You can switch the normal of the original surface, or flip the offset surface to be opposite the normal. You can also create a copy of the original surface or delete the original surface and keep only the offset surface.

Figure 5-12: Offset surface ribbon bar

Profile

Axis Flip Start a

ngle

End a

ngle

Profile

Axis Flip Start a

ngle

End a

ngle


Figure 5-13: Example: Offset surface

Creating Swept SurfacesA swept surface is created by sweeping chains of curves along a path. The chains that you select to sweep are called across curves. These chains define cross-sections of the resulting surface. The chains that define the path or trajectory of the sweep are called along curves.

Figure 5-14: Swept surface ribbon bar

You can define a swept surface using the following combinations of across (section) and along (path) chains.

1 across/1 along - Mastercam sweeps one across curve down one along curve. You have the option to translate or rotate the across curve chain along the path.

2 or more across/1 along - Mastercam transitions from one across curve to the next in the order in which you define them while following one along curve. This is known as a linear blend.

1 across/2 along - Mastercam proportionally scales one across curve between two along curves.

Chain

Rotat

e

Transl

ate

Normal

To S

urfac

e

Two R

ails

Use Cpla

ne


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Figure 5-15: Example: Swept surface, 1 across/2 along

Figure 5-16: Example: Swept surface, shaded

Creating Net SurfacesA net surface is created from a network of intersecting curves, generally a minimum of two across curves and two along curves; there is no maximum. The curves need not be trimmed, and may be chained in any order. You can also define an apex point, which is necessary when two or more of the curves meet at a single point.

Figure 5-17: Net surface ribbon bar

Chain

Style

Apex p

oint


Figure 5-18: Example: Net surface

Guidelines for Creating Net Surfaces

When creating a net surface where all of the across contours meet at one or both ends, the net surface to be created will have more than one possible apex point. Therefore you must manually position the apex point of the net surface. In these cases, you must have the ApexPoint button selected before you chain the curves.

A curve may or may not be trimmed in order to create a net surface. For contours that are not trimmed, the net surface will be created by trimming the curves appropriately to form the net of curves.

You can chain the contours in any direction and in any order. The Net Surface function will sort the chains out for accurate results.

You can create a net surface closed in one direction if the across contours are all closed. A mix of open and closed across contours will not create a new surface.

There is no maximum limit to the number of contours you select.

Mastercam does not allow sharp cornered surfaces to be created. Instead, it creates different surfaces along the sharp corners.

Note: The maximum angle allowed in chaining is 10 degrees. This will prevent partial chaining from succeeding if you enter an angle value of more than 10 degrees. A warning message will display and you will need to create smoother chains (10 degrees or less for a maximum angle).


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Creating Fence SurfacesA fence surface is a ruled surface that originates from a curve lying on a surface, emanating in a direction perpendicular to the surface for the length of the curve. You can create three kinds of fence surfaces:

a constant distance and angle relative to the curve

a linear taper where you define the start and end distance and angle

a cubic blend where you define the start and end distance and angle

You can also flip the surface, which creates the same curve but in an opposite direction from the base surface normal.

Figure 5-19: Fence surface ribbon bar

TIP: If the curve used to create the fence surface is not trimmed to the base surface, the fence surface will not be trimmed. Trim the curve before creating the fence surface.

Figure 5-20: Example: Fence surface, cubic blend, untrimmed

Creating Draft SurfacesA draft surface is an angled extruded surface or tapered wall created from one or more chains of curves. You can create a draft surface in two ways:

Define an angle and a length (perpendicular to the chain) or run length (length after the angle is applied)

Terminate the surface at a plane.

Chain

Blend m

ethod

Select

surfac

e

Start a

ngle

End a

ngle

Start h

eight

End h

eight

Flip


You can also flip the surface, reversing the taper angle relative to the chain, and split the draft surface, which orients it at midplane relative to the chain.

Figure 5-21: Draft Surface dialog box

Note: The resulting draft surfaces are not trimmed nor filleted.

Figure 5-22: Example: Two draft surfaces


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Creating Extruded SurfacesAn extruded surface appears to be “forced” or extruded through the chained geometry of existing entities perpendicular to the plane of the entities. You control the resulting surface by specifying the height and direction of the extrusion (positive, negative, or both), and the axis orientation of the extrusion.

You can also apply a taper angle to the extrusion, and rotate it, scale it, and offset it. All transformations are applied relative to the base point, which is the approximate center of gravity.

Figure 5-23: Extruded Surface dialog box


Filleting SurfacesIn this section, you will learn to use the following functions in the Create, Surface, Fillet submenu to fillet selected surfaces:

Fillet Surfaces to Surfaces (page 298)

Fillet Surfaces to Curves (page 300)

Fillet Surfaces to a Plane (page 300)

Fillet Surfaces to SurfacesUse this function to create one or more fillet surfaces, each of which is tangent to two surfaces. You are prompted to select two sets of surfaces.

Mastercam attempts to create fillet surfaces by pairing each surface in the first set with each surface in the second set. You can select one set, but it must contain at least two surfaces. With one set, the system attempts to create fillet surfaces by pairing each surface in the set with every other surface in the set.


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Figure 5-24: Fillet Surfaces to Surfaces dialog box

In some cases, having only one set of surfaces could prove more time-consuming. For example, if you have multiple surface walls and a single surface floor all in a single set, the system looks for intersections between all walls and the floor. If, however, you select the walls as one set of surfaces and the floor as the second set of surfaces, the system looks for intersections only between each wall and the floor.


Fillet Surfaces to CurvesUse the Fillet Surfaces to Curves function to create one or more fillet surfaces, each of which has a defined radius, lies on a curve or chain of curves at a rail location, and is tangent to one or more selected surfaces.

Figure 5-25: Fillet Surfaces to Curves dialog box

Select the surfaces you want to fillet and press [Enter]. Chain the curve to which you want the surface to be filleted. Click Apply or press [Enter] when done.

Fillet Surfaces to a PlaneThis function allows you to create one or more fillet surfaces, each having the following characteristics:

A defined radius

Lies on a curve or chain of curves at a rail location

Is tangent to one or more selected surfaces


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Figure 5-26: Fillet Surfaces to a Plane dialog box

Select the surfaces you want to fillet and press [Enter]. Select the plane to which you want the surface to be filleted. Click Apply or press [Enter] when done.


TIPS: Choose Options ( )in the selected fillet surface function dialog box to set filleting parameters. In the Fillet Surface Options dialog box, you define:

• the type of entities to create• how closely each resulting fillet surface fits the surfaces to which it is

tangent• whether Mastercam trims the surfaces• other parameters that further affect the resulting geometry

Trimming SurfacesIn this section, you will learn to use the following functions in the Create, Surface, Trim submenu to trim selected surfaces:

Trimming Surfaces to Surfaces (page 302)

Trimming Surfaces to Curves (page 303)

Trimming Surfaces to a Plane (page 303)

When trimming a surface, the trimmed surface is created as a new surface and you choose to keep or delete the original (base) surface. When trimming surfaces to surfaces and surfaces to curves, you can also choose to extend the intersection curve to the edge of the surface (or both surfaces), and split the selected surfaces into separate surfaces at their intersecting curves.

Trimming Surfaces to SurfacesChoose Create, Surface, Trim, To Surfaces to trim surfaces at intersections between two sets of surfaces—one of which must contain only one surface—and trim one or both of the sets of surfaces.

Figure 5-27: Surface to Surface ribbon bar

First s

urface

Secon

d surf

ace

Use current construction attributes

Delete

Keep

1 (trim

first

surfac

e set)

2 (trim

seco

nd su

rface

set)

Both (tr

im bo

th sur

face s

ets)

Split M

odel

Exten

d Curv

es to

Edge


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When you choose this option, you are prompted to select the first set of surfaces you want to trim. When you finish selecting surfaces, press [Enter]. Repeat these steps on the surface to which you want the first one to be trimmed. Use the ribbon bar options to modify the selections and click Apply or press [Enter] when done.

Trimming Surfaces to CurvesTo trim surfaces to curves (lines, arcs, splines, or surface curves), choose Create, Surface, Trim, To Curves. Then use the Surface to Curve ribbon bar to trim surfaces to curves.

Figure 5-28: Surface to Curve ribbon bar

Select the surface you want to trim and press [Enter]. Chain the curve to which you want the surface to be trimmed and click the part of the surface you want to keep. You can also choose whether to extend the curves to the surface edge as part of the trim function, or to split the trimmed surface into multiple split surfaces, based on the number of intersection curves formed from the trim. Click Apply or press [Enter] when done.

If the trimming curves do not lie directly on the surfaces, Mastercam projects them onto the surfaces in order to calculate the intersection where the surface will be trimmed.

Trimming Surfaces to a PlaneChoose Create, Surface, Trim, To Plane.

Figure 5-29: Surface to Plane ribbon bar

Select

surfac

es


Delete

View

Normal

Keep

Select

curve

s

Split M

odel

Exten

d Curv

es to

Edge

Surfac

e

Delete surfaces on other side of plane

Split m

odel


Delete

Keep

Plane


Use this ribbon bar to trim surfaces to a plane. Select the surface you want to trim and press [Enter]. Select the plane to which you want the surface to be trimmed. Click Apply or press [Enter] when done.

Extending Trimmed Surface EdgesChoose Create, Surface, Extend Trimmed Edges to create a new surface by extending the edge of a trimmed (or untrimmed) surface with the Trimmed Edge Extend function and ribbon bar.

Figure 5-30: Trimmed Edge Extend ribbon bar

In the graphics window, select a surface, and then select the edge to extend. To extend the entire edge, press [Enter]. Alternatively, choose a second edge point, to extend the portion of the edge between the two selected points. Use the Flip button to switch which portion of the edge that Mastercam extends.

Mastercam extends the edge by the value you enter in the Offset field. Use the Miter and Round buttons to choose the type of outer corners to create on the new surface.

When extending an edge with the Extend Trimmed Surface Edges function, Mastercam does not modify the original surface. Instead, Mastercam creates a new trimmed surface for the extended area.

Extending SurfacesChoose Create, Surface, Extend to extend a surface by a defined length or to a selected plane. You can extend the surface linearly or following the curvature of the surface.

After you select the surface to extend, Mastercam displays a temporary arrow on the surface. Move the base of the arrow to the location where you want to extend the surface, and then click to set the extension location.

Figure 5-31: Surface Extend ribbon bar

Flip Round

Miter

Offset

Linea

rNon

-linea

r

Plane

Delete

Length

Keep


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Note: To select a blend location at an existing point, type [S] to activate snapping. Move the base of the arrow over the desired point, and then left-click.

When Mastercam extends a surface, it creates the extended surface as a new surface, and you can choose to keep or delete the original surface. You can extend trimmed surfaces only along untrimmed edges.

Creating a Surface from a Solid FaceThe Create Surface from Solid function uses existing solid entities to extract surface information, and then creates a separate NURBS surface for each solid face you select.

You can create surfaces from a single solid face or from the entire solid body. When you move your mouse over the solid during selection, Mastercam displays a visual cue next to the cursor. This icon changes depending on whether Mastercam is identifying a solid face or the entire solid body.

TIP: Make sure you have the correct visual cue (either face or entire solid body) before you make your selection.

When you choose Create, Surface, From Solid, the Surface from Solids ribbon bar displays. Use the ribbon bar’s buttons to create surfaces with the system or solid attributes. You can also choose to keep the solid or to delete it after the surface is created.

Solid single face Solid body

System

Attribu

tes

Solid Attri

butes

Reselec

t

Keep S

olid

Delete

Solid


Creating a Surface from a Flat BoundaryFlat boundary surfaces are trimmed NURBS surfaces created within a boundary defined by a closed, flat chain. You create flat boundary surfaces by chaining existing entities. Mastercam creates the surface and trims it to the boundaries of the chained entities.

Note: When it creates the trimmed flat boundary surface, Mastercam also creates a blanked, untrimmed base surface that extends beyond the boundary of the trimmed surface. Although you will rarely use this base surface, it can affect how holes are filled in trimmed surfaces. For more information, see “Filling Holes with Surfaces” on page 307.

A single closed chain defines the outer boundary of the flat boundary surface. Chains nested entirely within this boundary form holes in the surface. If the chain is not completely enclosed within the first boundary chain, Mastercam creates a separate surface. You can create multiple surfaces by selecting chains that are not nested.

If you select open chains, Mastercam prompts you to close them automatically. You can close the chains or remove the open chains from the calculation of the trimmed surface. If you close the open chains, Mastercam calculates (but does not create) a curve between the two open endpoints for the purpose of defining the closed boundary.

Figure 5-32: Flat Boundary Surface ribbon bar

TIP: When you create a flat boundary surface, Mastercam keeps the entities that were chained to create it and places the new surface in the same location as those entities. To work with or view the new flat boundary surface more easily, either delete, hide, or move the original entities, or move the new surface.

In the Flat Boundary Surface ribbon bar, click Manual Chain ( ) to open the Chain Manual ribbon bar.

Select

new ch

ains

Manua

l Cha

in

Add ch

ains


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Figure 5-33: Chain Manual ribbon bar

Use this ribbon bar to select surface edges and curves, and to set a gap tolerance between flat boundary surfaces.

Filling Holes with SurfacesYou can fill holes in a trimmed surface using the Fill Holes with Surfaces function.

The holes may be internal holes (those that lie completely within the outer boundary of the surface) or external holes (those that lie along the trimmed outer boundary of the surface). If the surface contains multiple internal holes, you can fill all holes or only selected holes.

Mastercam fills the hole by creating a new trimmed surface within the boundary defined by the hole. The surface Mastercam creates is separate from the original surface, even though it appears to be part of it when you display it as a wireframe.

Figure 5-34: Fill Holes with Surfaces ribbon bar

When filling holes in a flat boundary surface, if you select the outer boundary as the boundary to be filled, Mastercam fills the area between the outer boundary of the flat boundary surface and the blanked base surface, which extends beyond the flat boundary surface.

Guidelines for Filling Holes in a Trimmed Surface

If you selected an internal boundary (hole) and the surface contains multiple internal boundaries, a warning dialog box displays. To fill all holes, choose Yes. Otherwise, choose No to fill only the selected hole.

Note: If you selected an external trimmed boundary, this dialog box does not display. Mastercam closes the hole by creating a trimmed surface within it.

If you select the outer boundary of a trimmed surface and that boundary does not touch the outer boundary of the untrimmed base surface

Gap To

leran

ce

Select

Select


(regardless of whether the base surface is currently displayed or is blanked), the hole that gets filled is defined as the space between the trimmed and the untrimmed boundaries, as shown in the following example.

This condition is true for all flat boundary surfaces because the base surface of a flat boundary surface always extends beyond the outer boundary of the flat boundary surface.

If you select the outer boundary of a trimmed surface and that boundary does touch the outer boundary of the untrimmed base surface (regardless of whether the base surface is currently displayed or is blanked), the hole that gets filled is defined as the space between the trimmed and the untrimmed boundaries but only along the selected trimmed edge until it reaches the untrimmed boundary, as shown in the following example.


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Note: The Fill Holes with Surfaces function differs from the Remove Boundary from Trimmed Surface function in which Mastercam removes the trimmed boundaries and recreates the surface; it does not create a new surface to fill the holes.

Removing Boundaries from Trimmed SurfacesUse this function to fill internal holes (those that lie completely within the outer boundary of the surface) and external holes (those that lie along the outer boundary of the surface). For each hole that you select to fill, Mastercam closes the hole by removing the trimmed boundary and retrimming the surface using the base surface.

If the surface contains multiple internal holes, you can fill all holes or only selected holes. If the trimmed surface contains only one hole, Mastercam closes it by removing the trimmed surface and replacing it with the untrimmed base surface.

Note: This function differs from the Fill Holes function in which Mastercam creates trimmed surfaces to fill the holes. When using Fill Holes, no trimmed boundaries are removed.

Splitting SurfacesWhen you split a surface, you break it along one of its constant parameter directions, which are the two directions Mastercam uses to generate the surface. Mastercam then creates two trimmed surfaces within the same boundary. If the break point you select permits the surface to be broken in two ways, Mastercam prompts you to select the direction along which you want to split it.

Figure 5-35: Split Surface ribbon bar

Use this ribbon bar to break a surface at a fixed position along one of the surface directions. Select the surface to split. Mastercam displays a temporary arrow on the surface. Select surface or system attributes to determine the properties of the split surface. This selection will set color, level, line style, and line thickness.

Flip

(split

direc

tion)

System

Attribu

tes

Surface

Attribu

tes


(You may need to rotate the geometry to bring the arrow into view.)

Use the cursor to move the base of the arrow to the position you want the split to pass through on the surface (the fixed position), then click to set the position. The surface is split when you click Apply or OK.

Note: In the case of splitting an untrimmed NURB surface, an untrimmed parametric surface, or an untrimmed offset of either type, Mastercam creates two new untrimmed surfaces.

TIP: Use wireframe display to visualize the surface directions.

Untrimming SurfacesWhen you untrim a trimmed surface, Mastercam returns the surface to its base surface.

Figure 5-36: Untrim Surface ribbon bar

Use this ribbon bar to untrim previously trimmed surfaces. As soon as you select a trimmed surface, Mastercam untrims it and returns its base surface to the graphics window. Use the Keep and Dispose buttons to set whether to keep or dispose of the trimmed surface.

Blending SurfacesIn this section, you will learn to create blended surfaces using functions in the Create, Surface submenu. These functions allow you to smooth out part of a surface model by eliminating unwanted features.

Creating Two-surface and Three-surface BlendsUse the Create 2 Surface Blend and Create 3 Surface Blend functions to blend surfaces by creating an additional surface that is tangent to two or three selected surfaces. The new surface is created tangent to the selected surfaces.

Keep

Dispose


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Figure 5-37: Surface Blend dialog boxes

When you choose one of these blend functions, Mastercam prompts you to select the first surface. When you make your selection, Mastercam displays a temporary arrow on the surface. Move the base of the arrow to where you want to blend the new surface to the existing surface. Then click to set the blend location. You can type [F] to flip the curve, or press [Enter] to select the curve as is. You can also click another surface to select it. This action finalizes the previous curve selection. When you have picked all required surfaces, the Surface Blend dialog box displays, and the surface appears as a “live” entity. Use the dialog box to perform further editing.

2 Surface Blend 3 Surface Blend


The following examples illustrate blends created from the same two surfaces using different parallel and perpendicular blend directions.

TIP: To select a blend location at an existing point, type [S] to activate snapping. Move the base of the arrow over the desired point, then left-click to “snap” to it.

Creating a Three-fillet BlendUse the Create 3 Fillet Blend function and dialog box to blend three intersecting fillet surfaces by creating one or more surfaces that are tangent to the first three surfaces.

Figure 5-38: Create 3 Fillet Blend dialog box

This function is useful for rounding the corners of a filleted box. It is similar to blending three surfaces. However, the location where the blend surface(s) are tangent

Parallel blend direction Perpendicular blend direction

WORKING WITH SURFACES AND SOLIDS / Solids • 313

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to the fillet surfaces is calculated, not selected. When you choose this option, you are prompted to select the three intersecting surface fillets in the graphics window. Before blending the selected filleted surfaces, use options in the 3 Fillet Blend dialog box to:

reselect the three surface fillets, as necessary

indicate whether to create a blend surface with three or six sides

optionally trim surfaces and keep lines

SolidsUnlike wireframe and surface models, which consist of multiple curves and surface entities, a solid model is a single entity, regardless of its complexity. However, a solid model may consist of several solid bodies.

You work with a solid model as a whole, like molding a piece of clay. For example, whether you add fillets to a solid, hollow it out, or combine it with another solid, the resulting solid model remains a single entity. Each Mastercam function you perform on a solid entity is saved as a separate operation on the solid. In the Solids Manager, you can view a complete history of the operations used to create a solid, and move, edit, or delete them.

Because a solid is a closed, organized model, Mastercam manages the interior and exterior of the model for you, handling the complexities of the model “behind the scenes.” This makes it easy to work with solid modeling. When you create or edit operations on a solid, Mastercam automatically determines the surfaces to keep or trim in order to maintain the solid as a single entity.

Basic solid model functions include extrude, revolve, sweep, loft, fillet, and shell. This section provides an overview of how to create, select, and perform operations on solid models. You will also learn to use the Solids Manager and its right–click menus to manage and modify solids and their operations. Topics in this section include:

Creating a Solid Model: Process Overview (page 314)

Solids Associativity (page 315)

Selecting Solids (page 317)

Combining Solid Operations (page 318)

Working with Solid Functions (page 319)

Solids Manager (page 345)

Editing Solid Models (page 350)


Creating a Solid Model: Process OverviewThrough a few easy steps, you can create and machine a solid model in Mastercam. The steps outlined below give you an overview of the process. You can then adapt these steps to create your own solid model.

To create a solid model:1 Create a base operation.

A solid is defined by one or more operations. The first operation, called the base operation, creates the solid.

You can create a base operation by taking one of the following actions:

Define a solid by extruding, revolving, sweeping, or lofting chains of curves.

Define a solid using pre-defined primitive shapes, such as a cylinder, cone, block, sphere, or torus.

Import a solid from an external file format, such as Parasolid, SAT, SolidWorks, CATIA, Pro/E, Step, and others.

IMPORTANT: A base operation is always listed as the first operation under the solid in the Solids Manager. It cannot be repositioned or deleted from the operation list.

2 Create additional operations.

Once you create the base operation, you perform subsequent operations to modify the solid, including:

Remove material by making one or more cuts on a target solid.

Add material by creating one or more bosses on a target solid.

Smooth solid edges by adding a radius (fillet).

Bevel (chamfer) solid edges.

Hollow out (shell) solids and optionally cut entry holes.

Perform Boolean functions: add solids together, remove solids from one another, find common solid volumes.

Draft solid faces.

Trim solids to a plane or surface.

3 Manage solid operations.

The Solids Manager tab, located in the Operations Manager pane of the Mastercam window, lists the operations you used to define the solid. Use the Solids Manager to check the location of an operation in the model, edit


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operation components (geometry and parameters), check a solid model at various points in its development, and regenerate all or individual solids.

4 Machine the solid.

Create toolpaths directly on solid geometry by choosing a mill, lathe, and router machine definition from the Machine Type menu. Then use functions in the Toolpaths menu to create the necessary toolpaths. For more information, see “Working with Toolpath Operations” on page 357.

Solids AssociativitySolids associativity is the dependent relationship between a solid, the operations that define it, and any geometry selected in its definition. When you perform a solid operation such as extrude, fillet, or draft face, Mastercam associates the operation with the solid that it creates or modifies. This association can be broken only by deleting the operation.

Because an operation is associated with the solid that it creates or modifies, you cannot copy operations or move them to a different solid. For example, when rechaining a fillet operation, all of the new edges that you select must be on the same solid where the operation was originally defined. To fillet edges on a different solid, you must create a new fillet operation on that solid.

Associativity eliminates the need to recreate a solid each time you modify it. After editing an operation’s components (geometry and parameters), you can regenerate the solid to incorporate your changes. The following terms describe a solid operation and the current state of its associativity.

Figure 5-39: Solids Manager operation states

Clean operation

Invalid operation

Dirty operation


Clean: An operation whose defining parameters and geometry match the associated solid. This condition applies to all newly created operations and to operations that have been successfully regenerated. For a solid to be stable and current, its operations must be clean.

Dirty: An operation whose defining parameters and/or geometry have changed and no longer match the associated solid. Mastercam marks each dirty operation and its associated solid with an X in the Solids Manager. You correct dirty operations by regenerating them.

Invalid: An operation that fails due to a problem in its geometry and/or parameters, which prevents it from being regenerated. Deleting geometry that defines an operation is a common cause of invalid operations. Mastercam marks each invalid operation and its associated solid with a question mark (?) in the Solids Manager. You can try to correct an invalid operation by editing its parameters and/or geometry, and then regenerating the solid model.

Associativity also exists between some solid operations. For example, if a cut operation results in a new face, and you subsequently fillet that face, the fillet operation is dependent on the cut operation. If you delete the cut operation, Mastercam deletes the fillet operation as well because the edge that defined the fillet operation no longer exists. In the Solids Manager, a defining operation always precedes a dependent operation in the list.

Unless solids in the same file are used in Boolean combinations, associativity does not exist between individual solids in a Mastercam file. When you perform a Boolean operation, Mastercam associates the tool body with the target body if possible, provided you do not perform a non-associative Boolean Remove or Common regions operation.

A target body is the solid that is the target of a specific action or operation, such as when cutting material from a body, adding bosses to a body, or performing a Boolean operation. When one of these operations is performed, the target body is the surviving body that can be worked on.

A tool body is the body or bodies that are added to, removed from, or used to keep a common region with a selected target body during a Boolean operation. Once a solid is designated as a tool body, it becomes part of the target body. In the Solids Manager, a tool body is listed under the solid and Boolean operation that it helps to define, and its icon is marked with the letter “T.”

Note: When you delete a Boolean operation, Mastercam restores the operation's tool bodies as distinct, active solids. You can also duplicate a tool body to obtain an active copy of the solid.


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Selecting SolidsUse the General Selection ribbon bar to select entities in the graphics window. This ribbon bar operates in two different modes: Standard Selection and Solid Selection. The availability of either mode is based on the types of entities that are in the current file and the functions you choose from Mastercam menus and toolbars.

If there are no solids in your file, the Solid Selection mode is not available; you can use only Standard Selection options.

Figure 5-40: Standard Selection mode

Note: For more information on Standard Selection techniques, see “Selecting Entities” on page 88.

If you choose a Mastercam function specific to a solid entity, the General Selection ribbon bar automatically switches to the Solid Selection mode. Mastercam solid selection is very flexible. In Solid Selection mode, you can choose from a variety of solid selection options, including select edge, select face, select body, select from back, and select last.

Figure 5-41: Solid Selection mode

Note: The Verify, UnSelect All, End Selection, and Help options are always available, regardless of the current selection mode.

If you choose a Mastercam function that applies to different types of entities (wireframe, surfaces, or solids), use the following methods to switch between selection modes and select entities:

To switch from the default Standard Selection mode to the Solid Selection mode, choose the Activate Solid Selection button.

To switch from Solid Selection mode to the Standard Selection mode, choose the Standard Selection button.

Solid Selection options


For example, if the part file you are working with contains a surface and a solid entity, and you want to create toolpaths for both entities, choose a toolpath function from the Toolpath menu. Then use the Activate Solid Selection and Standard Selection options to toggle between the two modes and select the appropriate entities.

TIP: When creating toolpaths in files that contain both solids and other entity types, the order in which you select and chain entities is defined by the options you choose in the Surface options dialog box.

Combining Solid OperationsWhen you create a new cut or boss operation by extruding, revolving, or sweeping chains of curves, instead of creating a separate operation for each chain, you can combine operations on multiple chains into a single operation. You choose this option by selecting the Combine Operations option in the Extrude Chain, Revolve Chain, or Sweep Chain dialog box. You can combine operations only when creating new cuts or bosses on an existing body.

You cannot combine operations when creating a new solid body or modifying parameters from the Solids Manager. You can, however, combine operations when modifying the geometry of existing Extrude, Revolve, or Sweep Cut/Boss operations by adding new chains, even if the Combine Operations option was not selected when the operation was created.

You can also combine appropriate operations when you create operations as part of finding features on a brick solid. In this case, Mastercam aggregates operations on selected chains (for holes) or edges (for fillets) into a single operation.

Note: A brick is a solid body with no history. Brick solids may be imported, may be the result of a file conversion or translation from other solid modeling software, or may be created by trim or Boolean (Remove, Common) operations that result in a body being split into more than one piece. In the Solids Manager, a brick is identified as a solid in which the word “Body” is the first entry in its operation history (added when a brick is edited).

Combining operations makes it easier to modify similar or repetitive operations involving multiple chains, since you only have to edit parameters once from the Solids Manager.


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Working with Solid FunctionsThis section introduces the functions you use from the Solids menu to create solids and operations, including:

Solid ExtrudeThe Solid Extrude function allows you to extrude planar chains of curves and create:

One or more new solid bodies

Cuts on an existing body

Bosses on an existing body

Mastercam extrudes chains of curves by driving the shape of the curves along a linear path using a specified direction, distance, and other parameters that further define the results. The number of resulting solids, cuts, or bosses depends on the number of chains that you select, whether the chains are nested, whether you combine operations, and what construction method you use.

Solid Extrude (page 319)

Solid Trim (page 331)

Solid Revolve (page 321)

Solid Thicken (page 331)

Solid Sweep(page 323)

Remove Solid Faces (page 332)

Solid Loft (page 324) Draft Solid Faces (page 333)

Solid Fillet (page 325) Boolean Operations (page 337)

Solid Face-Face Fillet(page 326)

Solid Find Features (page 338)

Chamfer Functions (page 328)

Solid From Surfaces (page 340)

Solid Shell (page 330) Layout (page 341)


Figure 5-42: Solid Extrude dialog boxes

Setting the Extrusion DirectionThe extrusion direction is the direction that the system drives the shape of the selected chains of curves to form an extruded solid, cut, or boss. The default extrusion direction is normal to each chain of curves that you select to extrude. The sense of the normal vector is determined by the chaining direction and the right-hand rule. It is set so that the chain is counter-clockwise about the normal vector.


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TIP: The “right-hand rule” is a simple device many machinists use to orient themselves to the axes’ positions. Holding your hand as shown, the thumb represents the X axis, the index finger represents Y, and the middle finger, pointing up, represents Z.

Notes:

• With both thin-wall and non-thin-wall extrusions, you can reverse the normal direction.

• The extrusion direction cannot be parallel to the plane defined by the selected chains of curves because you cannot extrude a chain sideways.

Editing Geometry for Extrude OperationsYou can edit the underlying chains of curves that define an extruded solid, cut, or boss. In addition, you can edit the faces that an extruded cut or boss is trimmed to, provided that the Trim to selected faces parameter was selected when you initially defined the operation.

Notes:

• The Extrude operation can have more than one chain only if there is an outermost chain that defines a closed boundary around the other chains, and all of the nested chains are in the same plane. The chains that are nested within this boundary form cutouts in the solid. You cannot use the thin-wall construction method in this case.

• You cannot delete the base chain. The base chain is the outermost chain of curves, which defines the outer boundary, or cross section, of the solid.

• Mastercam does not support changes that would result in the creation of a new operation or solid.

Solid RevolveYou can revolve planar chains of curves to create one or more new solid bodies, cuts on an existing body, or bosses on an existing body. This function revolves chains of curves by driving the shape of the curves about a selected axis, using the start and end angles, and other parameters you


provide. The number of resulting solids, cuts, or bosses depends on the number of chains that you select, whether the chains are nested, whether you combine operations, and what construction method you use.

Figure 5-43: Solid Revolve dialog boxes

Selecting a Rotation AxisThe rotation axis is the line about which Mastercam revolves the chains of curves to form a revolved solid. You can select any line in the graphics window to use as the rotation axis, including a line on the selected chain of curves. The axis line is associative; therefore, you must regenerate the solid to update the association between the line and the solid if the line changes.

The default rotation direction is determined when you select a line to use as the rotation axis. The endpoint closest to the cursor’s position where you select the line defines the base point of the axis direction vector. The start and end angles are measured in a positive sense about the axis, which sets the rotation direction.

Note: The rotation direction follows the right-hand rule, with the axis direction vector representing the positive Z axis.

Editing Geometry for Revolve OperationsYou can edit the underlying chains of curves that define a revolved solid, cut, or boss.


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Notes:

• You cannot delete the base chain. The base chain is the outermost chain of curves, which defines the outer boundary, or cross section, of the solid.

• The Revolve operation can have more than one chain only if there is an outermost chain that defines a closed boundary around the other chains. The chains that are nested within this boundary form cutouts in the solid and lie in the same plane. You cannot use the thin-wall construction method in this case.

• To edit the rotation axis of a revolved solid, cut, or boss, you must edit the solid’s parameters.

Solid SweepUse the Solid Sweep function to sweep closed, planar chains of curves, called section chains, to create one or more new solid bodies, cuts on an existing body, or bosses on an existing body. Mastercam sweeps chains of curves by translating and rotating the shape of the curves along the entire distance of a single chain of curves, called the path chain. The angle between the section chains and the path chain is maintained throughout each resulting swept solid. The number of resulting solids, cuts, or bosses depends on the number of chains that you select, whether the chains are nested, and whether you combine operations.

Figure 5-44: Solid Sweep dialog box

Editing Geometry for Sweep OperationsEach Sweep operation has two editable geometry components: the underlying chains of curves (section chains) that define a swept solid, cut, or boss and the chain of curves (path chain) that defines the path along which the section chains are swept to form the solid, cut, or boss.


Notes:

• You cannot delete the base chain.

• The Sweep operation can have more than one section chain only if there is an outermost chain that defines a closed boundary around the other chains. The chains that are nested within this boundary form cutouts in the solid.

Solid LoftYou can loft closed chains of curves to create a new solid body, a cut on an existing body, or a boss on an existing body. When you use this function, Mastercam performs a loft operation by transitioning between two or more chains of curves in the order that you select them using either smooth or ruled (linear) blending between the chains and by capping the first and last chains with solid faces. The start point of each chain and the sync method that you use when selecting the chains affect how Mastercam aligns the selected chains as it transitions between them.

Figure 5-45: Solid Loft dialog box

For a Loft operation to succeed, the selected chains of curves must meet the following criteria:

Each individual chain of curves must be planar; however, the set of chains that you select does not have to be planar.

Each chain of curves must form a closed boundary.

All of the chains that you select must follow the same chaining direction.

You cannot select a chain of curves more than once for a given loft operation.

A selected chain of curves cannot self-intersect.


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Editing Geometry for Loft OperationsYou can edit the chains of curves that define the cross sections of a lofted solid, cut, or boss. There must be a minimum of two closed, planar chains to define a lofted operation.

Time-saving Tips for Creating Lofted SolidsLofted solids sometimes require a large amount of processing time, especially when the lofted solid is defined by many chains or if some or all of the chains contain splines. You can increase the calculation speed for lofted solids by trying one or more of the following actions:

Limit the number of chains to four or five and select the chains that provide the most accurate overall definition for the solid.

Create the lofted solid as a ruled solid, which takes less time to calculate, by selecting the Create as Ruled parameter on the Loft Chain dialog box.

Use a sync method when selecting the chains. By indicating how the chains should be aligned, you reduce the time it takes for Mastercam to calculate the solid.

Create the lofted solid in multiple operations using four or five adjacent chains at a time. Create the first lofted solid as a separate body, then create each additional lofted solid as a boss on the first body.

Solid FilletSolid filleting is a type of edge blending that results in a rounded edge by introducing new faces that are tangent to the edges’ adjacent faces. A fillet is also referred to as a rolling ball blend because it has a circular cross section, as if a ball is rolled along each selected edge and material is either added to or removed from the ball’s path to form the smooth edge. When using the Fillet function, you determine the extent of the fillet by specifying the radius of the rolling ball or cross section. You can define the fillet’s radius using a constant radius value or by varying the radius value along the edge. For fillet operations using a variable radius, you can also specify radius positions and values along a solid edge.


Figure 5-46: Solid Fillet dialog box

IMPORTANT: Fillets that you create on the edges of selected faces or whole solid bodies are associative. If you add edges to or remove them from a filleted face or body, the entire face or body remains filleted, regardless of the change.

Solid Face-Face FilletUse this function to create fillets across solid faces. When creating a face-face fillet, you select two faces or two sets of faces.

Figure 5-47: Example: Filleting two sets of faces

The faces within each set need not be contiguous with each other nor adjacent to the faces in the other set. The resulting fillet blends the first face in each of the two sets and continues across other faces in the sets to the extent that a single continuous fillet can be created.


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Figure 5-48: Example: Face-Face fillet across non-adjacent face

Figure 5-49: Example: Face-Face fillet over embedded entity

The Face-Face Fillet Parameters dialog box options allow you to create both rolling-ball and constant curvature fillets by selecting the constant radius, constant width, constant width-ratio, single hold line or double hold line methods. Use other options to propagate fillets along tangent faces and designate a Help Point.

Figure 5-50: Face-Face Fillet Parameters dialog box


Chamfer FunctionsA chamfer, or beveled edge, is a type of edge blending that has a linear cross section. You chamfer solid edges by introducing new faces that add material to or remove material from the selected edges and that are not tangent with the adjoining faces of the original edge. You determine the extent of the chamfer by specifying distances and, optionally, an angle to offset the chamfer from the selected edge on the adjoining faces.

Chamfers that are created on the edges of selected faces or whole solid bodies are associative. If edges are added to or removed from a chamfered face or body, the entire face or body remains chamfered, regardless of the changes.

Mastercam provides three functions you can use to define where the chamfer is positioned along the edge faces:

One Distance

Two Distances


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If you create a chamfer using either the Two Distances or the Distance and Angle function and you select an edge to chamfer, you must also select a reference face to be used to calculate the resulting chamfer. The reference face can be either one of the two faces that are adjacent to the selected edge, also referred to as edge faces. Mastercam uses the reference face to make the following calculations, according to the chamfer method that you select:

For chamfers created using the Two Distances function, the reference face is used to measure the value of the Distance 1 parameter from the selected edge. Mastercam then applies the second value (Distance 2) to the other edge face.

For chamfers created using the Distance and Angle function, the reference face is used to measure the specified distance and angle from the selected edge.

When you select an edge to chamfer, Mastercam highlights the default reference face and displays the Pick Reference Face menu to give you the option to select the other edge face.

You are not required to select a reference face in the following cases:

For selected faces. Mastercam chamfers all edges associated with the face and uses the face itself as the reference face for all of the edges. If you select two faces that share an edge, the first face that you select defines the reference face for the shared edge.

When the One Distance chamfer function is used. A chamfer created with this method is symmetrical, and the same chamfer distance is used for both edge faces.

Note: A solid body cannot be selected when creating a “two distances” or “distance angle” chamfer.

Distance and Angle


Solid ShellTo hollow solid bodies with the Solid Shell function, choose the material to remove and, optionally, select the faces you want to remain open. The remaining faces are thickened by the amount you specify. You can re-select the geometry that defines a shell operation for editing.

Figure 5-51: Shell Solid dialog box

Note: When editing the geometry that defines a shell operation, changes that would result in the creation of a new operation or solid are not supported.

If you select individual faces on a solid, Mastercam hollows the solid, opens the selected faces to form entry holes into the solid, and thickens the remaining faces to form the solid’s shell.

If you select a whole solid body and no individual faces, Mastercam removes the material from the interior of the solid, which leaves a void, and thickens the solid’s faces to form the solid’s shell.

When you shell whole solids, there are no entry holes into the solid, and you cannot see into the solid if it is shaded. However, you can view the void in the interior of the solid if you use translucent shading. Similarly, you can turn on the display of hidden lines to distinguish the solid’s inner walls. For more information, see “Displaying Surfaces and Solids” on page 280.


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Solid TrimUse the Solid Trim function to trim selected solids to a plane, to a surface, or to an open sheet body. You can also choose whether or not to keep what was trimmed as new bricks (solid bodies with no history) and change the trimming direction.

Figure 5-52: Trim Solid dialog box

Solid ThickenThe Solid Thicken function allows you to thicken an open sheet solid and thereby convert it into a closed solid body. You can use this function in conjunction with the From Surfaces (stitch surfaces into solids) function to turn selected surfaces into a solid that can be managed like any other solid created in Mastercam.

Note: For more information on stitching surfaces into solids, see “Solid From Surfaces” on page 340.


Figure 5-53: Thicken sheet solid dialog boxes

Remove Solid FacesThis function removes selected faces from a solid, resulting in an open sheet body. You can remove faces from either a closed solid body or a sheet entity. Typically, you use this function to remove faces that have problems identified by the Check Solid function or to remove faces so that new surfaces can be constructed and then stitched using the From Surfaces function. Removing one or more faces from a solid can result in the same kind of sheet solid as Stitching from surfaces whose edge gaps are too large to create a closed solid body.

Figure 5-54: Remove Faces from a solid dialog box


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Draft Solid FacesDrafting solid faces is the process of tilting the faces by a defined angle and direction. When you add draft to a solid face, it has the effect of creating a tapered wall, which is particularly useful for mold making. The Draft Solid faces function makes it easy to add, change or remove face draft.

Figure 5-55: Solid Draft Faces dialog boxes

You can draft virtually any solid face, regardless of whether the solid was created in Mastercam or imported from an external file format. For example, a filleted face can be drafted, which changes its geometry from cylindrical to planar, like a chamfered face.

When a face is drafted, the adjacent faces are trimmed and/or extended to accommodate the new geometry of the drafted face. If the adjacent faces are unable to accommodate the new geometry, the operation fails. Failure is more likely to occur with larger draft angles or if adjacent faces are tangent (or near tangent) and are not also being drafted. In some cases, drafting results in faces being deleted from the solid.

The Draft Faces function provides various methods you can use to draft solid faces. The method that you choose determines where a drafted face hinges. Each method is described below.

Draft to Face—Drafts solid faces using a planar reference face. You select the planar reference face that is used to calculate where the drafted face hinges and the draft direction. The drafted face hinges at the intersection of the original face (the face selected to be drafted) and the reference face. The hinge point can be located on or off the solid. The draft direction is perpendicular to the reference face, and the draft angle is measured with respect to the direction.


Figure 5-56: Example 1: Draft to Face

Figure 5-57: Example 2: Draft to Face

Draft to Plane—Drafts solid faces using a defined reference plane. You define the reference plane used to calculate where the drafted face hinges and the draft direction. The drafted face hinges at the intersection of the original face (the face selected to be drafted) and the reference plane. The hinge point can be located on or off the solid. The draft direction is perpendicular to the reference plane, and the draft angle is measured with respect to the direction.

Hinge point

Face to be drafted

Arrow and cone-shaped graphic showing draft direction and how draft angle is calculated to the direction

Planar reference face

Original face (replaced by drafted face)

Faces extended to accommodate drafted face

Hinge point

Drafted face


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Figure 5-58: Example: Draft to Plane

Draft to Edge—Drafts solid faces using one or more reference edges. You select one or more edges on each face being drafted. The reference edges that you select define the hinge points for the drafted faces. The draft direction is defined by a selected linear edge or planar face. For a linear edge, the draft direction follows the edge. For a planar face, the draft direction is perpendicular to the face. The draft angle is measured with respect to the direction. The following examples show a face that is successfully drafted using multiple reference edges that were selected along the bottom of the left-most face.

Figure 5-59: Example 1: Draft to Edge


Figure 5-60: Example 2: Draft to Edge

Draft Extrude—Drafts solid faces for an extrude operation. This option is enabled when all of the faces in your selection are lateral faces (walls) swept out during an extrude operation. You select these lateral faces. The drafted faces hinge at the intersection of the original faces (the faces selected to be drafted) with the planar chains of curves that defined the original extrude operation. The draft direction follows the extrusion direction, and the draft angle is measured with respect to this direction. The following examples show an extruded solid whose lateral faces have been drafted along the extrusion direction. The curves that defined the original extrude operation form the hinges for the drafted faces.

Figure 5-61: Example 1: Draft Extrude

Figure 5-62: Example 2: Draft Extrude


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Selecting the Draft DirectionIf you draft solid faces using the Draft to Face, Draft to Plane, or Draft to Edge methods, the draft direction is determined by the reference geometry that you specify. With the Draft to Face method, the draft direction is perpendicular to the planar reference face that you select. With the Draft to Plane method, the draft direction is perpendicular to the plane that you define. With the Draft to Edge method, the draft direction either follows a linear edge or is perpendicular to a planar face, depending on the geometry that you select to define the direction.

Boolean OperationsYou can construct a solid using combinations of two or more existing solids using Boolean functions to add solids together, remove solids from one another, and find the common region defined by overlapping solids. For a Boolean Remove or Common operation, you can choose whether or not to maintain associativity.

Boolean operations are a set of functions (Add, Remove, and Common) that enable solid construction using combinations of two or more existing solids. Solids can be added together, and removed (subtracted) from one another. Common regions defined by solids can be kept while all other material is removed. For each Boolean function, a target body and one or more tool bodies must be selected. The result of a Boolean operation is always a single solid, regardless of the number of tool bodies selected.

To initiate a Boolean operation that maintains associativity, choose Boolean Add, Boolean Remove, or Boolean Common from the Solids menu.

To initiate a non-associative Boolean operation, choose Non-associative from the Solids menu, then choose Remove NA or Common regions NA from the submenu.

Whichever function you choose, you must then identify a target body. This is the solid that material is added to, removed from, or overlapped. Next you select one or more tool bodies, which are the solids that are added to, removed from, or overlapped with the target body. To perform the operation, choose the End selection option from the General selection ribbon bar.

Boolean Add Boolean Remove Boolean Common

Remove NA Common regions NA


IMPORTANT: Regardless of the number of tool bodies, the result of each Boolean operation is always a single body.

If you perform a non-associative Boolean Remove or Common regions operation, use options in the Solid non-associative Boolean dialog box to choose whether to keep the original target and tool solids in addition to the new solid created by the Boolean operation.

Figure 5-63: Solid Non-associative Boolean dialog box

In Mastercam, you cannot create disjoint bodies and maintain associativity between them. If a Boolean Remove or Common regions operation fails because it would create a disjoint body, you are informed and asked if you want to create a non-associative Boolean (a brick solid). To continue the Boolean operation and display the Solid non-associative Boolean dialog box, choose Yes. To cancel the Boolean operation, choose No.

Solid Find FeaturesUse the Find Features function to quickly locate holes or fillets on imported bricks or other solid bodies whose base operation in the history is “Body.” When you select a feature to detect, you also specify whether to remove detected instances of the feature or to recreate the operations and any associated geometry needed to reconstruct the detected instances of the feature. Removing features is useful when creating toolpaths that precede or ignore the features. Creating solid operations adds them to the solid’s history tree, where they can be modified using the Solids Manager. When you create operations, you can also indicate whether to combine selected chains (for holes) or edges (for fillets) into a single operation.


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Figure 5-64: Solid Find Features dialog box

When operating on a brick, the Find Features function modifies the solid by removing features and adding operations to its history, while maintaining the modified brick as a solid body at the top of the history tree. The Find Features function only recognizes features on imported brick solids or on brick solids created in Mastercam from stitching, Boolean, or trim operations.

IMPORTANT: The Find Features function does not recognize solid bodies with dirty, invalid, or suppressed operations. Regenerate these solids and restore them to a clean state before using the Find Features function. For more information on using the Solid Manager Suppress function, see “Suppress Solid Operations” on page 346.

Finding, Removing, and Creating Fillets on a Solid BodyYou can detect, remove, and create constant-radius fillets on brick solids. Only fillets whose radius falls within a specified range are detected. Combining operations fillets similar edges as one operation in history.

Finding, Removing, and Creating Holes on a Solid BodyYou can detect, remove, and create through holes and blind holes (pass through solid in one direction) on brick solids. Only holes whose radius falls within a


specified range are detected. Combining operations aggregates multiple chains into one extrude cut operation.

When finding and recreating holes in a single face, Mastercam recognizes the contours of the face the hole cuts through. If a hole cuts through multiple faces, Mastercam will try to extend one face and cap the hole in a single plane. If Mastercam cannot recreate the hole, the operation fails.

Solid From SurfacesThis function allows you to create one or more solids from selected surfaces by stitching them together. If you select all surfaces, and edge gaps between surfaces are within a specified tolerance, a closed solid body is created. Otherwise, an open sheet body is created. You can also select sheet solids and change an open sheet into a closed body by continued use of the stitching function.

This function is useful for working on imported files containing surface representations of a solid or for converting newly constructed surfaces that may have been created to replace problem surfaces. Stitching surfaces can result in the same kind of sheet solid as removing one or more faces from a closed solid body.

Figure 5-65: Stitch Solid from Surfaces dialog box

If Mastercam cannot create a closed solid body, a message asks if you want to create edge curves on open edges.

To select a color for the edge curves and create an open sheet body with edge-curve geometry, choose Yes.


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To create the open sheet body without edge-curve geometry, choose No.

You can change an open sheet body into a closed solid body by using the Thicken function to thicken it. For more information, see “Solid Thicken” on page 331.

TIP: To set default stitching parameter values for the Stitch Surfaces into Solid(s) dialog box, from the Mastercam menu choose Settings, Configuration, Solids.

LayoutThe Solid Drawing Layout function lets you create a layout of different part views (for example, top, side, front, and isometric), arranged within a page you define.

Figure 5-66: Example: Solids Drawing Layout

You can set the page size and orientation, and select the view layouts to include. Standard layouts, include:

4View DIN: bottom, front, left, and isometric views

4View ANSI: top, front, right, and isometric views

3View DIN: bottom, front, and left views

3View ANSI: top, front, and right views

You can choose from a list of standard page sizes, or select a template file to define the page. Mastercam adds borders and any other entities in the template to the drawing layout.

Use the following guidelines to create a solid drawing layout.

Define basic layout parameters in the Solid drawing layout (create) dialog box.


Place the drawing layout on its own level to keep it separate from the part entities.

Before creating the layout, Mastercam automatically displays the Levels dialog box, where you select the level to use.

If your part file contains multiple solids, after choosing the drawing layout level use General Selection to select the solids to include.

Then use the Solid drawing layout (edit) dialog box to further customize your layout. You can add or remove views. You can also add a cross-section or a detailed area to the drawing.

Figure 5-67: Create Solid Drawing Layout dialog box

Once you create the basic layout from this dialog box, you can use the Edit Solid Drawing Layout dialog box options to customize it further by editing settings such as Hidden Lines, Paper Size, or Scale Factor. You can also add, remove, and modify views.


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Figure 5-68: Edit Solid Drawing Layout dialog box

To add a cross-section view to the drawing layout, choose the Add Section button. You can define the cross-section view based on a straight horizontal or vertical line through any point in the part, a zigzag cross-section, or a 3D plane. In addition to selecting the point(s) or plane where you want the section to divide, you can set a color, scale factor, and location for the section view. When you create a section view, short line segments are added to all the applicable views, showing the precise location and orientation of the section.

Use the Add View button to add a defined view to the drawing layout, and optionally, choose a color and scale factor for the new view.


The Add Detail button allows you to create detail drawings that zoom in on small sections of a part. You can define a detail view using a rectangle or circle. In addition to defining a zoom area for the detailed view, you can set the color, scale factor, and location of the new view.

TIPS:

• You can create multiple drawing layouts in the same part file. Each time you create a new layout, make sure you select a new level for it (unless you want to replace an existing layout).

• Use the Radial display angle check box in the Create Drawing Layout dialog box to add or remove radial display lines. These lines represent the surfaces of closed, circular solids (cones, cylinders, spheres, tori). When selected, the angle you set defines the position and number of radial lines that are created.


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Solids ManagerUse the Operations Manager pane in the Mastercam window to access the Solids Manager tab and view information on each solid in the current file.

Figure 5-69: Solids Manager

You can expand the tree structure of a solid to view all operations that were performed to construct the solid and view any toolpaths that were created on the solid.

Besides listing the operations that define a solid, the Solids Manager tab provides options for managing and editing solids and solid operations. To access these options, right–click a solid or operation in the list. The following section describes how to use the Solids Manager and some of the functions you can perform.

Note: Solids that you import from other applications have no operation history and are referred to as “bricks”; the Solids Manager tab reflects only the operations that you perform on the imported solid once it is in Mastercam.

IMPORTANT: You cannot use the Undo Event function, available from the Edit menu, to reverse changes made from the solid operation history tree.

Topics in the next section introduce the tools you use to work with solid models, including:


Checking Solid Models

Viewing and Naming Solid Models (page 348)

Editing Solid Models (page 350)

Checking Solid ModelsYou can check solid models for errors using the following tools:

Suppress Solid Operations (page 346)

Roll Back a Solid (page 347)

Analyze Check Solids (page 277)

Suppress Solid OperationsThe Suppress function in the Solids Manager right–click menu acts as a toggle to suppress or restore selected solid operations from the solid model. You can rebuild the solid model without factoring in the operations you choose to suppress. This function makes it easy to check a solid model in various states without having to delete and recreate operations.

To suppress an operation:1 From the Solids Manager tab, select the solid operation to suppress.

2 Right–click and verify that the operation is not already suppressed (no check mark appears next to this option in the menu).

3 Choose Suppress. This activates the feature for the selected operation and removes the operation from view in the graphics window. In the right–click menu for the selected operation, a check mark indicator appears next to the Suppress function and the icon in the Solids Manager appears unavailable.

To restore a suppressed operation, select it from the Solids Manager, right–click and choose Suppress from the menu. Mastercam restores the operation to the graphics window and removes the check mark from the function in the menu.

IMPORTANT: Use the Suppress function only as a temporary measure of the model’s integrity, and pay careful attention to the actions you take while operations are suppressed. Due to the dependent nature of solid operations, your actions could render the model invalid when you restore the suppressed operations.


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Notes:

• While an operation is suppressed, you cannot edit its parameters or geometry or select it for use in any other operation.

• This function is not available for base operations.

• If an operation does not appear in the graphics window but does not have a check mark next to the Suppress option, it is dependant on a prior operation and that operation is suppressed. The dependant operation can be viewed (unsuppressed) only by unsuppressing the operation on which it is dependent.

Roll Back a SolidTo mark the end of the operations that define a single solid entity, all solids listed in the Solids Manager, including tool bodies, end with a stop operation (Stop Op) icon.

To roll back (revert) a solid to an earlier stage in its development, you can move the Stop Op icon to a different position in the solid’s operation list. When a solid is in a rolled back state, Mastercam rebuilds the model only to the stop point. All operations beyond the stop point are suppressed and appear unavailable in the operation list.

The roll back feature is commonly used to identify and fix invalid operations or to build a model one operation at a time when you are editing operations.

TIP: When a solid is rolled back, operations that you perform are added to the end of the active operations in the model (before the stop point) instead of at the end of the operation list. Therefore you may find the roll back function a useful way to insert an operation in the middle of the operation list instead of adding it to the end of the list and then dragging it to the correct position, which sometimes fails due to operation dependencies.

Notes:

• The stop operation is inserted after the operation on which you release the mouse button.

• To return the solid to its original state, drag the Stop Op icon to the last operation in the list. When you release the mouse button, the operation is inserted after the final operation in the list.


Viewing and Naming Solid ModelsUse the following tools to view and name solid models:

Rename Solids and Solid Operations (page 348)

Highlight Solid Operations (page 348)

Identify a Solid Operation Based on its Geometry (page 349)

Expand and Contract Solid Operation Details (page 349)

Rename Solids and Solid OperationsThe names you assign to solids and their operations can help identify them when viewing the Solids Manager list. When you perform a solid operation, you can assign it a unique name or accept the default name, which reflects the operation type (for example, Extrude Cut, Boolean Remove, Fillet).

Unlike solid operations, solids cannot be assigned unique names when you create them. However, you can rename both solids and solid operations at any time using the Rename option in the Solids Manager right–click menu.

To rename a solid or operation:1 From the Solid Manager tab, select the solid or operation to rename.

2 Right–click and choose Rename.

3 Type the new name and press [Enter] or click elsewhere in the Mastercam window.

Note: You can also rename an operation by editing the operation’s parameters and entering a new name in the Name field.

Highlight Solid OperationsUse the Auto-Highlight feature to quickly identify the faces of wireframe geometry associated with a solid operation. This feature can help you verify that the correct operation has been selected, prior to editing.

Auto-highlighting is a toggle setting you access from the Solids Manager tab right–click menu. Its status is on (indicated by a check mark in the list) or off (no check mark).

If auto-highlighting is on, whenever you select an operation in the Solids Manager, the solid’s wireframe geometry in the graphics window changes to the Solid Face Select Color that was set in the Settings, Configuration, Colors


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properties page. The geometry remains highlighted until you select a different operation or leave the Solids Manager.

If Auto-Highlight is turned off, manual highlighting is enabled. In this state, the highlighting lasts for only a couple of seconds then disappears.

To specify whether Auto-highlight selects complete solids or just faces, use the Screen properties page of the System Configuration dialog box.

Note: For more information on configuring your Mastercam installation, see “Customizing and Configuring Mastercam X” on page 809.

Identify a Solid Operation Based on its GeometryYou can identify an operation in the Solids Manager by choosing the Select button and then selecting geometry (a solid face) in the graphics window.

Mastercam matches the selected geometry with the operation defined by the geometry.

This function is particularly useful when you are working on a complex solid that has a large number of operations. You can quickly identify the operation you are looking for rather than checking multiple operations using highlighting.

Expand and Contract Solid Operation DetailsThe Solids Manager lists the operation history for each solid in the current file. You can expand or contract the tree structure of a solid to show or hide a list of operations that define the solid. Likewise, you can expand or contract the tree structure of each operation to show or hide its editable components (for example, parameters and geometry).


Figure 5-70: Solids Manager views, contracted and expanded

To expand or contract a tree structure, click the plus (+) or minus (-) sign preceding a solid or solids operation (or double-click the item).

Note: Imported solids have no operation history. The tree structure of an imported solid lists only the operations that have been performed on the solid since it was imported into Mastercam.

Editing Solid ModelsThe Solids Manager provides a number of tools and functions for editing solid models. In this section, you will learn to:

Edit Solid Parameters (page 350)

Edit Solid Attributes (page 352)

Delete Solids and Solid Operations (page 353)

Regenerate Solids (page 353)

Duplicate Solids (page 354)

Change the Order of Solid Operations (page 354)

Edit Solid ParametersYou can edit the parameters that define a selected operation in a manner similar to editing toolpath operations. Some of the original defining parameters, however, may not be editable. For example, you cannot change an extrude, revolve, sweep, or loft operation from a create to a cut or boss, but you can change any of these operations from a cut to a boss—provided the change would not create disjoint bodies. There are no parameters available for editing Boolean and Trim operations. For these


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operations, you can edit only their geometry. To change the actual Boolean and Trim operations, you must delete and recreate them.

To edit solid parameters:1 From the Solids Manager tab, use one of the following methods to access the

operations parameters dialog box for a selected operation:

Click the Parameters tab in the operation list.

Select the operation, right–click and choose Edit Parameters. Mastercam opens the dialog box you use to define the operation parameters.

2 Use the dialog box fields and options to edit parameters, as necessary.

3 To accept your changes and close the dialog box, click OK.

IMPORTANT: Changing operation parameters or geometry may require you to regenerate the operation (indicated by a red X on the solid and the operation icons), or may result in an invalid operation (indicated by a question mark on the solid and operation icons). Take the appropriate steps to restore the operation and solid status to “clean.”

Edit Solid GeometryUsing the Solids Manager geometry tab or right–click menu, you can edit solid operations that are defined by geometry, such as chains, or edges. Each solid operation is associated with the solid on which the operation is performed. Changes that you make to an operation’s geometry (for example, adding or deleting selections) affect only the selected operation and its associated solid. Mastercam does not support edits that would result in the creation of a new operation or solid, but does support the creation of brick solids by Trim and Boolean (Remove, Common) operations.

To edit solid geometry:1 From the Solids Manager tab, use one of the following methods to access the

edit geometry functions for a selected operation:

Click the Geometry tab in the operation list.

Select the operation, right–click and choose Edit Geometry.

If you select an Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, or Loft operation, Mastercam opens the Solid Chain Manager dialog box.

If you select any other solid operation, the cursor is positioned in the graphics window. Use the prompts work with the operations geometry.

2 Save your changes using the available options.


Note: Geometry cannot be edited for Boolean (Add, Remove, Common) or Primitive (Cone, Block, Cylinder, Torus, Sphere) operations.

Edit Solid AttributesYou can edit a solid’s attributes by accessing the Solid Attributes dialog box from the Solids Manager right–click menu. First select the solid in the Solids Manager list. Then right–click and choose Attributes.

To edit solid attributes:1 From the Solids Manager, select a solid name from the list.

2 Right-click and choose Attributes.

3 Use the Solid Attributes dialog box fields and options to view and edit one or more of the following attributes of the selected solid

Level

Color

Note: Although they appear in the dialog box, the Line Style and Line Width fields are not currently used with solid models.

4 To accept your changes and exit the dialog box, choose OK.


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TIP: You can also use the Analyze function from the Analyze menu to edit the level and color attributes of a selected solid. For more information, see “Changing Entity Attributes” on page 278.

Delete Solids and Solid Operations When you delete a solid, Mastercam automatically deletes all operations associated with the solid. When you delete an operation, all dependant operations are also deleted. For example, if you delete an extrude operation on which a fillet operation has been performed, the fillet operation is deleted with the extrude operation.

Base operations or tool bodies cannot be deleted. However, if you delete a Boolean operation, its tool bodies are restored as distinct solids that are no longer associated with the target body.

IMPORTANT: Deleting a solid operation is a permanent change. You cannot use the Undo Event or Undelete entity functions to reverse the deletion.

To delete a solid or a solids operation:1 From the Solids Manager, select the solid or solid operation to delete.

2 Press the Delete key or right–click and choose Delete.

Note: When you delete operations, Mastercam marks the corresponding solid with a dirty status. Regenerate the solid to see your changes reflected in the model.

Regenerate SolidsRegeneration is the process of rebuilding a solid so that it matches its associated operations. This is required whenever a solid becomes dirty or invalid due to changes to the parameters and/or geometry of one or more of its operations. When you regenerate a solid, Mastercam incorporates your changes into the solid and restores the solid to a clean state, if possible. Regeneration fails if a solid has one or more invalid operations. You must edit and correct invalid operations before you can successfully regenerate them.


TIP: When making many changes to a model, regenerate often. Then, if regeneration fails, you will have to make fewer corrections to return the operation to a valid state. You can access regeneration options for a selected solid or for all solids from the Solids Manager right–click menu.

To regenerate a “dirty” solid:1 From the Solids Manager tab, select a solid or any component operation.

2 Right–click and choose Regen Solid.

If Mastercam cannot restore the solid and/or operation to a clean status, error messages indicate the nature of the problem and you must make the necessary corrections. Then repeat this procedure.

If the regeneration is successful, the solid and the operation appears “clean” in the Solid Manager list.

TIP: To regenerate all operations, choose the Regen All button in the Solids Manager or choose Regen All Solids from the right–click menu.

Duplicate Solids You can make exact copies of solids, including tool bodies. Each copy is an active solid that you can select and edit. This function is particularly useful if you want to use the same tool body to affect different target solids.

To duplicate a solid:1 From the Solids Manager, select the solid to copy.

2 Right–click and choose Duplicate Solid. The duplicate solid and all operations appear directly below the original in the Solid Manager tree.

Note: The Duplicate Solid option appears in the right–click menu only when you have selected a solid—not a solid operation—in the Solids Manager.

3 Use Rename and other functions to edit the cloned copy of the solid, as necessary.

Change the Order of Solid OperationsThe Solids Manager lists the operations that define each solid in the current file. The operations are listed in the order in which they are performed on the solid. You can


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change the order by dragging operations to new positions in the operation list. Mastercam automatically rebuilds the solid based on the new operation order.

The selected operation is inserted after the operation on which you release it. As you drag an operation, the cursor changes to a downward arrow if the move is allowed or to a circle with a slash through it if the move is not allowed.

Observe the following guidelines when repositioning operations:

A base operation cannot be repositioned; it is fixed as the first operation in the list. No other operation can precede it.

If you move an operation that is dependant on one or more operations, it must occupy a position below its “parent” operations.

If you move an operation on which other operations are dependant, you must position it above its dependant operations.


chapter 6

Working with Toolpath Operations

This chapter provides an overview of the machining process within Mastercam and discusses some of the ways in which you set up your machining jobs. You will also learn how to work with basic and advanced toolpath functions, including:

Mastercam Machining Workflow. . . . . . . . . . page 359

Choosing a Machine Definition . . . . . . . . . . page 360

Opening/Importing/Merging Part Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 361

Creating Machine Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 369

Toolpath Chaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 386

Selecting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 403

Using the Toolpath Parameters Right-Click Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 407

Editing Toolpath Defaults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 407

Managing Toolpath Operations . . . . . . . . . . . page 422

Multi-Threaded Toolpath Processing . . . . . . page 433

Editing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 438

Backplotting Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 449

Verifying Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 453

Post Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 460

Power User Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 465


Figure 6-1: Sample Toolpath Menus

Mill Router Lathe Wire

WORKING WITH TOOLPATH OPERATIONS / Mastercam Machining Workflow • 359

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Mastercam Machining WorkflowThis outline represents an overview of the Mastercam CAM workflow. It identifies each major step in the process. The additional sections in this chapter describe each process step, and the Mastercam features and functions you use to perform them.

Mastercam Machining workflow steps:1 From the Machine Type menu, choose the machine definition that will be

used to cut the part.

2 Open or import a part file.


3 Set the machine group properties, including file, tool, stock, and safety zone settings.

4 Use the following guidelines to create toolpaths and apply them to geometry.

a Choose a toolpath type from the Toolpaths menu.

b Using the dialog boxes and prompts that display, chain geometry or select points or other entities, as necessary.

c Select the tool and refine the tool parameters.

d Set toolpath parameters to define and create the toolpath operation.

TIP: You can also select pre-defined toolpath operations from a library and apply the operation to selected geometry. For more information, see “Importing Operations” on page 468 and “Exporting Operations” on page 469.

5 Verify and edit the toolpaths using the Toolpath Manager, Backplot, and Verify functions.

6 Post process the selected machine group operations to create the NC code output for your machine control.

Choosing a Machine DefinitionMastercam machine definitions (.MMD, .RMD, .LMD., and .WMD files) allow you to run multiple Mastercam product types, such as Mill, Lathe, Router, and Wire, from a single Mastercam window. You work with different Mastercam products within the same part file simply by selecting the proper machine group.

Although you will work with machine definitions every time you create toolpaths, for most day-to-day tasks, you will not need to choose or define control definitions (.CONTROL files). Like in a real machine tool, the control is “bolted on” to a machine

WORKING WITH TOOLPATH OPERATIONS / Opening/Importing/Merging Part Files • 361

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definition, so that when you select the machine definition, the control gets selected with it.

When you select a machine from the Machine Type menu, several other things happen:

A post processor is automatically selected.

Mastercam loads a set of operation defaults (.DEFAULTS file).

Mastercam’s interface changes to match the selected machine. If you select a lathe, for example, the Toolpaths menu lists only Mastercam Lathe toolpaths. In addition, the toolbars change to match the selected machine. For example, when you select a lathe machine definition, toolbars for lathe toolpaths and functions are displayed instead of mill functions.

To select a machine definition and create a new machine group:1 From the Machine Type menu, choose Mill, Router, Lathe, or Wire to open a

submenu of existing machine definitions for the selected machine type. Then perform one of the following actions:

If the machine definition you want to use appears in the submenu list, select it.

Otherwise, choose Manage list. From the Machine Definition Menu Manager, select the machine definition file you want to use and add it to the list.

2 When you choose a machine definition, Mastercam automatically creates a machine group and a toolpath group in the Toolpath Manager. The machine definition becomes active and the toolpath group appears selected.

Use the Toolpath Manager to modify the machining properties including Files, Tool settings, Stock setup, and Safety zone parameters.

3 Use Toolpaths functions to create operations for the active machine group.

Opening/Importing/Merging Part FilesIn this section, you will learn about:

Using Open Dialog Box Options (page 362)

Opening and Importing Files (page 365)

Merging Pattern Files (page 367)


Using Open Dialog Box OptionsWhen you choose the File menu Open and File Merge/Pattern functions, the same Open dialog box displays. Before using the procedures in this section to open, import, and merge files, take a few minutes to become familiar with the basic features and functions of the Open dialog box.

Figure 6-2: Open dialog box

Use the Files of type drop-down list to choose the format of the files you want to view and select from. This limits the files you can view to only files in the selected format.

If you select a non-native file type from the Files of type list, Mastercam enables the Options button. Use this button to open a dialog box of read parameters for the


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selected file type. Mastercam uses the parameters to import and convert the chosen file. The example below illustrates options for opening and importing an SAT file type:

Note: The default values in read parameters dialog boxes are based on settings defined in the Settings, Configuration, Converters properties page. For more information, see “Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences” on page 836.

To navigate to the location of the file you want to open, use the Look in drop-down list located at the top of the Open dialog box. Or use additional options in this dialog box to view and select the file:

Back: Return to a previously viewed folder.

Up one level: Navigate and view files in the next highest level directory/subdirectory.

Create New Folder: Creates a new folder in the current directory.

View Menu: View files in list, tile, icon, detail, or thumbnail format.


Units of Measure (English/Metric)If the selected file does not use the same unit of measure (English or metric) as the current configuration file, Mastercam loads a default configuration file. See “Changing Units of Measure (Metric/Inch)” on page 57 for more information

Previewing a FileIn the Open dialog box, activate the Preview and Descriptor panes with the Preview and Descriptor check boxes. Use the Preview pane to see a thumbnail of a selected file. The Descriptor pane shows the text descriptor associated with the file. To browse files faster, deselect the check boxes to turn off the Preview and Descriptor options.

Figure 6-3: The Preview and Descriptor panes

Using the Places BarAll of the file dialogs feature a customizable Places bar, in which you can add or remove shortcuts to your own folders, as well as change the order in which the folders are listed. Right-click in the Places bar to display the menu shown in the following picture:


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In the menu, choose from these commands:
Add current folder—Adds the folder shown in the Look in box.

Remove—Removes the selected folder. (To select a folder, right-click the folder in the Places bar.)

Move up—Moves the selected folder up in the Places bar.

Move down—Moves the selected folder down in the Places bar.

Rename—Renames the selected folder's label.

Restore default folders—Restores all of the standard folders to the Places bar. (Does not remove user-added folders.)

Opening and Importing FilesUse the File, Open function to open files including Mastercam formats such as .MCX, .MC9, or .MC8, and a number of supported neutral file formats such as .IGES, .DWF, .STL and others. Supported file formats are immediately converted to the current Mastercam format (MCX) when you open the file in Mastercam.


Notes:

• If you do not have Mastercam Solids installed, you can still machine an imported solid. However, Mastercam Solids must be installed to modify a solid, or create additional solids (with the exception of primitives).

• You can also save .MCX files out to any supported file format. For more information on the files types you can import and export, see “Opening and Translating Files” on page 56.

To open a native Mastercam part file:1 From the Mastercam menu, choose File, Open.

2 In the Open dialog box, use the Files of type drop-down list and select MCX, MC9, or MC8.

3 Use other options to navigate to the file location, select the file, and choose OK.

4 If the selected file uses the same unit of measure (English or metric) as the current configuration file, skip to Step 5.

Otherwise, in the System Configuration (switch units) dialog box, choose Units or All settings to switch units and load an alternate default configuration file.

5 When opening the selected file, Mastercam automatically runs an integrity/efficiency check to remove instabilities in the file. It verifies the information stored in the file, such as associativity, machine and toolpath groups, operations, tools, and more.

If the file passes the integrity check, you can begin working with it.

If problems are detected, Mastercam reports detailed information on all errors it finds. In some cases, you can choose to have Mastercam fix the errors, or use the Details option to view, print, and optionally save the error details to a file. Before working with the file, you must manually correct any reported problems.

Note: Mastercam part files from X3 and the initial version of Mastercam X are not compatible, even though they both have an .MCX extension. Mastercam automatically translates older Mastercam X files to the X3 format when you open them.


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TIP: If you also want Mastercam to check for and delete duplicate entities at the same time, use the Settings, Configuration function Start/Exit properties page to set this default. Duplicate entities interfere with entity selection, particularly chaining.

To import a non-Mastercam file:1 From the Mastercam menu, choose File, Open.

2 In the Open dialog box, use the Files of type drop-down list and select a non-Mastercam file format.

3 To set import parameters:

a Choose Options.

b In the read parameters dialog box for the selected file type, complete the fields as necessary.

c To accept the parameters and return to the Open dialog box, click OK.

4 Use other Open dialog box options to navigate to the file location, select the file to import, and choose OK.

The selected file is imported and converted to the current Mastercam format (MCX) using the settings in the Configuration, Converters properties page and, if applicable, the import read parameters you defined in Step 3. In most cases, the default machine definition is assigned to the imported file.

Merging Pattern FilesYou can import entities from another file and merge them into the current file. The File menu File Merge/Pattern function and ribbon bar allow you to quickly add entity features, such as nuts or bolts, that are used repeatedly in the part. Rather than recreate an entity each time you need it, just import it into the current file as many times as necessary.

Note: In addition to geometric entities, such as lines, surfaces, or solids, you can import annotated data, such as drafting dimensions. However, toolpaths cannot be imported due to their complex nature.

To merge a pattern file into the current file:1 From the Mastercam menu, choose File, File Merge/Pattern.

2 In the Open dialog box, use the Files of type drop-down list and other options to navigate to the file location.


3 Select the file containing the entities you want to add to the current file and choose OK. The entities in the selected file are added to the file in the local origin position (X0, Y0, Z0) and the Top view. The merged entities are “live” so that you can edit them.

4 Use options in the Merge/Pattern ribbon bar to select a new base point for placing the merged entities and to define their scale, rotation angle, and mirror axis (X, Y, or Z).

Figure 6-4: Merge/Pattern ribbon bar

Notes:

• Use the Select option to create a point that positions the center of the pattern file.

• Pattern entities are created in the current Cplane.

You can also choose to assign the current attributes in the Status bar fields to the imported entities. Because the merged entities are live, as you choose values for the Merge (file) ribbon bar fields and options, the results show immediately in the graphics window.

5 To accept the new entities and continue importing the same set of entities from the pattern file to a different location in the current file, click the Apply button.

6 To accept the new entities and exit the File Pattern function, press Esc, or choose another Mastercam function.

IMPORTANT: Each time you merge a set of pattern entities into the current file, Mastercam identifies the entities as a group in the database for future use. Mastercam names the group using the pattern file name and a sequential number to ensure the uniqueness of the group name.

Select

Scale

Mirror

Rotate

Curren

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WORKING WITH TOOLPATH OPERATIONS / Creating Machine Groups • 369

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TIPS:

• Consider storing the files containing pattern entities in a separate directory, such as \Patterns, so they are easy to locate when you use this function.

• To remove merged entities in the order in which they were added to the current file, choose Undo from the Edit menu or toolbar.

Creating Machine GroupsIn the Toolpath Manager, you use machine groups to centralize and organize machining properties and toolpath information. Each machine group is associated with a single machine type (Mill, Lathe, Router, or Wire) and machine definition.

The machine group stores important job setup information like the stock model, safety zone, material selection, tool offset preferences, and feed rate and spindle speed preferences.

All toolpath operations you create in the machine group are posted to the same NC file unless you override this setting. (For more information on changing this setting for one or more selected operations, and on using other functions to modify operations, see “Editing Operations” on page 438.)

Machine groups allow you to:

Organize your machining operations into logical groups.

Link toolpaths to specific machine and control definitions.

Access and modify the local copy of the machine and control definition to make part- or job-specific changes.

Link sets of machining operations directly to job information.

To create a machine group for a selected machine definition:From the Machine Type menu, choose a machine type and machine definition.

To create a machine group using a default machine definition:

In the Toolpath Manager, right–click and choose Groups, New Machine Group, and a machine type (Mill, Lathe, Router, or Wire).


Or, from the Machine Type menu, choose Default.

When you use any of these methods, Mastercam creates a new machine group for the selected machine definition and a new toolpath group directly below the new machine group.

The new machine group and toolpath group are inserted where the red insert arrow is positioned in the Toolpath Manager list.

Both groups are assigned a unique default name, such as Machine Group-1, Machine Group-2, Toolpath Group-1, Toolpath Group-2, and so on.

IMPORTANT: The machine definition in the machine group is actually a local copy of the machine definition file.

You can create as many different machine groups as you need in the same part file. By using machine groups to organize toolpath operations, you can include operations for different machines in the same part file, even for different machines types. For example, if some part features will be cut on a mill and others on a lathe, you can include all of the operations in the same Mastercam file by creating different machine groups for each set of mill and lathe operations.

You can also create groups of toolpaths on the same machine that you will want to post separately.

To do this, use the Groups functions in the Toolpath Manager right–click menu to create toolpath groups. Toolpath groups inherit all the properties of the parent machine group. The parent machine group is defined as the machine group that is positioned immediately above the toolpath group in the Toolpath Manager list.

You can nest toolpath groups to create an operations hierarchy with several different layers of operations.

Parent machine path group apply to all levels of subordinate toolpath groups.

Properties


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To create toolpath groups for the active machine group:To add a new toolpath group at the highest level, select the machine group in the Toolpath Manager. Otherwise, to nest the new toolpath group, select the next highest toolpath group in the list. Then right–click and choose Groups, New Toolpath group.

The new toolpath group is added to the machine group, based on the selected position, and assumes the machine group properties.

Renaming Machine Groups and Toolpath GroupsYou can rename a machine group or toolpath groups using one of the following methods:

To use standard mouse techniques, click once on the machine group or toolpath groups in the Toolpath Manager list to select it. Then click again to change the name to an editable text field.

To use the Toolpath Manager right–click menu, select the group to rename. Then right–click in the Toolpath Manager, choose Groups, Rename, and edit the name.

Editing Machine Group PropertiesWhen you select a machine definition to create a new machine group, default machining properties are automatically assigned based on the configuration settings and the machine/control definition settings. A new toolpath group is automatically created directly below the new machine group in the Toolpath Manager list.

In the Toolpath Manager list, machine group properties are organized as property types you can display by expanding the Properties folder.

Each property type corresponds to a tab in the Machine Group Properties dialog box.

To open the Machine Group Properties dialog box, select a property type (Files, Tool settings, Stock setup, Safety zone) from the Toolpath Manager list. Then use the tabs in the dialog box to view and edit the settings.


Default values for many machine group properties are saved in the toolpath defaults (.DEFAULTS) file. Use the Files tab to edit them:

Defaults for some properties are set in the control definition.

In this section, you will learn to set parameters in each of the following Machine Group Properties dialog box tabs:

Files Tab (page 372)

Tool Settings Tab(page 375)

Stock Setup Tab(page 380)

Safety Zone Tab(page 384)

Files TabUse the Files tab to view and define the file names and data paths used by operations in the selected machine group. These settings affect default values, posting, and tool and operation libraries.

The default tool library for a new machine group is set in the machine definition as part of the General Machine Parameters. You can use the Files tab to change the default library for the selected machine group. No matter what the default tool library is, though, when you create a new toolpath you can always open any tool library and select tools from it.

Note: Many of the default paths and filenames that display in the Machine Group Properties, Files tab are values you initially set in the Control Definition Manager, Files and Operation Defaults properties pages. For more information on these settings, see “Files” on page 785 and “Operation Defaults” on page 803.


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Figure 6-5: Files tab (Machine Group Properties dialog box)

To learn more about the Files tab, review the following information:

Defining the Toolpath (NC File) Name (page 373)

Setting up Machine Group Files (page 374)

Editing the Machine Definition (page 374)

Setting up Comments (page 374)

Defining the Toolpath (NC File) NameIn the Toolpath name field, type the default path and filename of the NC file you want to create when posting operations from this machine group, or choose the Open button to select a file. You can post only operations from a single machine group at


one time although you can select one or more operations in the group you want to post.

Note: The combined length of the NC file name plus its path (for example, c:\mcamx\nc_files\program.nc) cannot be more than 120 characters.

Setting up Machine Group FilesUse the Machine definition, Tool Library, Operation Library, and Operation Defaults sections to choose the files that Mastercam will use for the machine group and its operations. For each type of file, you can:

Set the data path and folder for the files.

Select a specific file to use from the drop-down list.

Edit the file by choosing the Edit button, located to the right of the file name.

Editing the Machine DefinitionBy default, the Machine section displays the name of the machine definition that was active when the machine group was created. You can choose a different machine in the same way as choosing other types of files.

When you select a new machine, Mastercam loads a copy of the machine definition in your part file.When you click the Edit button to view or make changes to the machine definition, you are changing only the local copy stored in your part file, not the master machine definition file.

IMPORTANT:

• If you select a different machine for the machine group, the files and data paths are replaced with default values from the control definition used by the selected machine.

• If there are already operations in the machine group, be very careful when selecting a different machine to ensure the new machine supports all the toolpath features that have been programmed.

Note: The control and post processor are displayed only for information purposes. To change them, you must edit the machine definition. For more information, see “Choosing a Machine Definition” on page 360.

Setting up CommentsIn the Machine Group Properties Files tab, use the Output comments to NC file section to choose the types of comments to include in the NC file. In Mastercam, you can still view the comments that you choose to exclude from the NC file.


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To record comments that apply to all the operations in the selected machine group, select the Output group comments to NC check box.

Notes:

• To set the defaults and enter the maximum number of characters allowed for comments, use the Control Definition Manager, NC Output properties page. For more information, “NC Output” on page 787.

• When editing tool parameters, you can use the Comment field in the Tool parameters tab (Toolpath parameters tab for Lathe) to enter operation-specific comments.

• You can also enter machine-specific comments when setting up the machine definition.

Tool Settings TabUse the Tool Settings tab to control NC file numbering, tool offsets, feeds, speeds, coolant, and other toolpath parameters, including material selection. Most of the default values for these settings come from the control definition.


Figure 6-6: Tool Settings tab (Machine Group Properties dialog box)

To learn more about the Tool Settings tab, review the following information:

Numbering Tools Sequentially (page 376)

Calculating Default Feed rates (page 379)

Setting Other Toolpath Configuration Parameters (page 379)

Assigning Sequence Numbers (page 379)

Using Advanced Options (page 380)

Numbering Tools Sequentially

Tool numbering options are properties of the machine group. You can choose to have Mastercam automatically number your tools sequentially, or you can choose to read the tool number stored in the tool definition.


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Figure 6-7: Using the Machine Group Properties to number tools sequen-tially

Use the Tool settings tab of the Machine Group Properties dialog box to number your tools sequentially, instead of using the tool number stored with the tool definition. The setting shown above applies only to operations created in the current machine group. See “Setting a default tool numbering method” on page 378 to make this the default setting for future machine groups.

Use the Tool settings tab of the Machine Group Properties dialog box to tell Mastercam your preference, as shown in Figure 6-7. When this option is not selected, Mastercam reads the tool number from the tool definition stored in the tool library when you select the tool.

Typically, this setting applies only to the current machine group. You can make this the default setting for future machine groups by completing the following procedure.


Setting a default tool numbering methodAlthough this procedure specifically addresses tool numbering, you can use its general outline to save default settings for other machine group properties as well.

1 In the Toolpath Manager, click the Files icon in your group Properties section.

2 Click the Edit button in the Operation Defaults section.

3 Scroll up to the top of the window and click Tool settings in the Properties section.

4 Select Assign tool numbers sequentially and click OK.


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5 If you work with other .defaults files, select a new file from the drop-down list and repeat Step 4. In particular, if you program in both inch and metric units, you should edit both inch and metric .defaults files.

6 Click OK to close the Edit Operation Defaults dialog box, and close the Machine Group Properties dialog box.

Calculating Default Feed ratesUse the information in this section to define the method used to calculate the default feed rate for an operation.

The tool definition for each tool contains default plunge and feed rates. Select From tool to use these values as the default value for each operation when a tool is selected.

Select From material to calculate feed rate based on the material characteristics stored in the material library. After choosing this option, make sure to Select a material in the Materials section of this tab.

Select From defaults to use the feed rate stored in the operation defaults file.

The Feed section of the control definition contains important defaults for calculating feed rates and sets how the control will interpret the feed rate values that are entered for each toolpath, including how to Adjust feed on arc move.

TIP: To override the default feed rate, spindle speed, or the calculation method that is used, simply type in a new value when creating an operation.

Setting Other Toolpath Configuration ParametersUse these options to tell Mastercam how to number your tools for operations in this group and to set other toolpath options. You can choose to override operation defaults for step and peck values, and select coolant choices with defaults from the tool definition. (See “Numbering Tools Sequentially” on page 376 for a detailed information about tool numbering.)

Assigning Sequence NumbersEnter the starting sequence number and sequence increment in these fields.


TIP: For more sophisticated sequence number formats, including decimal sequence numbers, use the Control Definition Manager NC Output properties page to create defaults. For more information, see “NC Output” on page 787.

Using Advanced OptionsThe default values for clearance, retract, and feed planes are read from the operation defaults file specified on the Machine Group Properties Files tab. Use the options in this section to replace those defaults with modal settings from the operations in the machine group.

For example, the feed plane in the operations defaults file might be set to 3mm, incremental. However, if you choose to use modal defaults for the feed plane, every time you create an operation in the group, the default feed plane is set to the feed plane from the previous operation, not 3mm.

Stock Setup TabStock models help you visualize toolpaths more realistically. Use the options in this tab to create a stock model for the machine group or to select a file containing the stock model. For Mastercam Lathe, you can also use this tab to define chucks, tailstocks, and steady rests. You can choose to display the stock model with the part geometry when viewing the file or toolpaths, during backplot functions, or when verifying toolpaths.

The options that are available in the Stock setup tab are based on the Mastercam product associated with the machine definition in the selected machine group. You can define different stock setup parameters for Mastercam Lathe than for Mastercam Mill and Mastercam Router. Your options for defining each type of stock set up are described below.


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Mill/Router Stock SetupFigure 6-8: Stock Setup tab (Mill/Router) (Machine Group Properties dialog box)

Note: For information on Lathe Stock Setup options, see page 383.

Selecting Stock Model Types—There are several ways you can create stock models.

Choose Rectangular or Cylindrical to create simple stock models that are not defined by actual geometry. All dimensions are entered in this dialog box and no geometry is added to your part file. You can choose whether or not to Display the stock on the screen.

Choose Solid to use a solid model inside the current part file as the stock.

Choose File to use a solid model from an STL file as the stock model.


Setting Stock Dimensions—You can use several techniques for setting the stock dimensions. Type the dimensions directly into the X, Y, and Z fields, or use one of the following methods when the exact dimensions are unknown:

Choose Select corners to return to the graphics window and select the two opposing corners of a 3D rectangle.

Choose Bounding box to calculate the furthest points in the part geometry.

Choose NCI extents to calculate the furthest points in the toolpaths, based on just the feed rate moves.

Mastercam automatically calculates the stock dimensions and displays them in the fields. You can then edit them, as necessary.

Setting Stock Origin—Use the stock origin to locate the stock relative to your part. First, choose a point on the stock to use for the stock origin. In the dialog box, the cross shows you where the stock origin is:

The default position is the middle of the stock. Select a corner of the part to set it as the stock origin.

Next, type the coordinates of this point in the Stock origin fields, or click the Select button to choose a point from the graphics window.

Setting Stock View—Select a stock view to properly orient the stock model with respect to the part. This may be necessary if you create toolpaths in a work coordinate system (WCS) other than Top and want to align the stock model to your part, or if you have several toolpaths in the machine group that use more than one WCS. The stock view keeps the stock model constant when the WCS changes. You can align the stock model to any named view saved in the part file.

To do this, click the Stock View button and select a view from the View Selection dialog box. The edges of the stock model are parallel with the axes of the selected view.

Note: If you change the stock view, you might need to reset the stock origin.


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Lathe Stock SetupFigure 6-9: Stock Setup tab (Lathe only) (Machine Group Properties dialog box)

Defining and configuring stock boundaries, chuck, tailstock, and steady rest for lathe machine groups lets you take advantage of many other Mastercam Lathe features:

When you define a stock model, Mastercam automatically updates it across several operations, intelligently calculating rapid moves to and from the home position, between operations, and auto entry/exit vectors. The stock models you create are also used by the Backplot and Verify functions.

To avoid collisions and gouges, Mastercam reads the boundaries for the stock, chuck, and other peripherals when calculating toolpaths.

You can view the stock and other peripheral boundaries in the graphics window with the part geometry.


By defining stock and peripherals, you can program miscellaneous operations like opening/closing the chuck, manipulating stock, and repositioning the tailstock or steady rest.

You can create stock models and chucks individually for both left and right spindles.

Click the Properties button to create or edit an existing component. Mastercam displays the Geometry tab in the Machine Component Manager. Use the fields in this tab to define the component’s size, shape, and initial position, as well as other programming parameters.

Click the Delete button to remove a component and its boundaries.

After you create the boundaries, use the Tool Clearance fields to define a clearance zone around each boundary. When you are creating a toolpath, Mastercam will warn you every time the tool violates these clearance distances.

Use the Display Options to selectively display or hide each component in the graphics window.

TIP: Use the Settings, Configuration, Colors properties page to set stock colors. See “Colors” on page 843 for details.

Safety Zone TabIn this tab, you define a safety zone around the system origin to allow the tool to retract to a safe position outside of this area. Safety zones help avoid collisions that could be caused by the machine indexing or by contact with part features or fixtures in the path of the tool.


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Figure 6-10: Safety Zone tab (Machine Group Properties dialog box)

Setting the Safety Zone view—Similar to setting a stock view, you can orient the safety zone with the part by assigning a specific view to the safety zone. To do this, click the Safety Zone View button and select a view from the View Selection dialog box. The edges of the safety zone are parallel with the axes of the selected view.

You can select and further define the best fitting type of safety zone (spherical, cylindrical, or rectangular) for the part you are machining.

IMPORTANT: You must enable retract moves in the toolpath to activate the safety zone. To do this, access the Toolpath Parameters tab by choosing Parameters in the Toolpath Manager list, and then select retract options.


Toolpath ChainingChaining is the process of selecting and linking pieces of geometry so that they form the foundation of a toolpath, surface, or solid. This fundamental Mastercam concept has important applications in both design and machining functions.

When you chain geometry, you select one or more sets of curves (lines, arcs, and splines) that have adjoining endpoints. Chaining differs from other selection methods because it associates order and direction to the selected curves. Chaining order and direction affect the way Mastercam generates surfaces, solids, and toolpaths.

Most toolpaths require geometry to be chained. Usually you chain the geometry that is used in a single operation, such as a contour toolpath or pocket toolpath. Chaining determines the direction of tool travel during machining.

You set chaining defaults in the Settings, Configuration, Chaining properties page. You can use the Chaining dialog box to override these settings, as necessary.

However, you can chain together separate sets of entities to be cut in a single operation. For example you can chain together the entities for separate parts to be cut from the same workpiece in the same operation.

When a selected function requires chaining, Mastercam displays the Chaining dialog box. If the current part file contains wireframe and solid entities, you can use the buttons at the top of the dialog box to choose the type of entities you want to chain. Otherwise, the entity type is pre-selected.

Figure 6-11: Chaining dialog box, selection type buttons

This section provides you with general information on chaining geometry, including:

Chaining Wireframe Geometry (page 387)

Chaining Solids (page 391)

Working with Open and Closed Chains (page 392)

Chaining Direction (page 393)

Synchronizing Chains (page 393)

Editing Toolpath Chains (page 395)

Select solid entitiesSelect wireframe entities

WORKING WITH TOOLPATH OPERATIONS / Toolpath Chaining • 387

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Chaining Wireframe GeometryChaining wireframe entities is similar to using the standard mode in General Selection (a topic covered in “Using the General Selection Ribbon Bar” on page 88). During chaining, the entities you select change to the selection color in the graphics window.

Use options in the Chaining dialog box to choose:

Geometry plane: You can chain entities only in 3D or the current construction plane (Cplane). Chaining in 3D allows the chain to span planes. Cplane chaining is two-dimensional; all entities must lie in a single plane.

Selection method: Like General Selection, chain selection methods include chained entities, single entity, window, polygon, and vector selection. You can also chain a series of non-adjacent points (useful in spline and surface creation) and create partial or open chains consisting of all adjacent entities between a start point and an end point. The Window and Polygon methods allow you to control whether entities are selected inside or outside of the selection area.


Figure 6-12: Wireframe Chaining dialog box

Use the following functions in the Chaining dialog box to change or correct chains as you create them.

Last: Reselect the last chain of entities you created. For example, choose this option when correcting chains for a surface that did not generate properly. Mastercam rechains the entities so that you can edit the chains and correct chaining direction or order without having to manually rechain all the entities.


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Chain Feature
Unselect: Unselect all selected entities.

End Chain: End a chain but remain in the chaining function. You can also end the chain when defining partial chains or branch points by typing the keyboard shortcut [E].

Reverse: Reverse the chain direction.

Chain Feature Options: Set the options to be used for Chain Feature.

Chain Feature: Automatically add chains to the chain manager based on the initial chain and the settings in the Chain Feature Options dialog box.

Start/End of chain: Use these buttons in the Start and End fields to move the start or end of the chain from one entity endpoint to another.

Note: You can move the chain Start position only on open chains. The option to move the chain End position is available only for open and partial chains.

Dynamic move start/end of chain: Change the start or end points dynamically by using the cursor to move them.

Choose the Chain Feature button in the Chaining dialog box to automatically add chains of similar features. Chain Feature is most useful when you have a large number of chains in a part with groups of similar shapes and window chaining is not an option. You chain similar shapes with a single button, saving time and eliminating undesired chains. Chain Feature applies to lines, arcs, and splines.

The feature chains are added based on the initial chain and the settings you define in the Chain Feature Options dialog box. To access this dialog box, choose the Chain Feature Options button in the Chain dialog box.


Figure 6-13: Chain Feature options dialog box

Wireframe Chaining Tips

To quickly select a chain of entities, hold down the [Shift] key and click a boundary.

Use Partial chaining to create open chains. Click the first entity for a chain. Then click the last entity in the chain.

Intersecting entities cannot be chained unless there is a break at the intersection, which creates a branch point for the chain.


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If the chain stops unexpectedly, choose Chain from the Analyze menu to check for overlapping entities. You can then use trim functions in the Edit menu to trim adjacent entities together in order to chain them.

Chaining SolidsIn Solids mode, the Chaining dialog box provides options to chain solid entities.

Figure 6-14: Solids Chaining dialog box

The chain solids buttons act as toggles, allowing you to include or exclude certain types of solid elements from chain selection, including:

Edge: Select solid edges on a model or exclude them from selection.

Face: Select solid faces on a model or exclude them from selection.

Loop: (available only when chaining solids for toolpath creation) Create a closed chain (with no branch points), in which you select an edge, a reference face, a resulting loop, and a start point.


Use other options in this dialog box to unselect and re-select solid chains, reverse chaining direction, and move the start of a chain.

Working with Open and Closed ChainsChains are open or closed.

In an open chain, the start and end points are different coordinates. Examples of open chains are single lines or arcs. An open chain may consist of a single entity or several contiguous entities. Partial chaining is a method of selecting entities as open chains.

In a closed chain, the start and end points share the same coordinates. Closed chains typically consist of several entities that have adjacent end points and that form a closed boundary. Examples of closed chains are rectangles or circles.

Mastercam determines chaining direction differently for open chains and closed chains.

In an open chain, the start point is placed at the end of the chain closest to the selection point, and the chain direction points to the opposite end of the chain.

In a closed chain, you set default values in the Chaining Options dialog box that determine whether the chaining direction is clockwise, counterclockwise, or based on the cursor position.

Partial Loop: (available only when chaining solids for toolpath creation) Create an open chain, in which you select a starting edge, a reference face, and an ending edge.

From back: Select solid edges or faces only on the back of a model. When deactivated, you can select solid edges or faces only on the front of a model.

Open chain Closed chain


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TIP: When creating open and closed chains, use options in the Chaining dialog box to reverse the chain direction and move the start or end position of the chain.

Chaining DirectionAll chains have a direction. Direction for closed chains is either clockwise or counterclockwise, while the direction for open chains points toward one of the chain endpoints. The chaining direction determines the direction of tool movement in a toolpath.

In surface creation, Mastercam uses chaining direction to synchronize the chains to create a smooth, regular surface. Errors in establishing chaining direction often result in a twisted surface that cannot be machined. In the example above, the arrow shows the counterclockwise chaining direction for a closed chain that consists of several lines and arcs. The chain starts at the base point of the arrow.

Synchronizing ChainsMany Mastercam functions, such as surface creation and ruled toolpaths, use chain synchronization. Choose a synchronization mode (sync mode) if you have attempted

Chaining arrow

Closed chain for pocket toolpath. This chain consists of several lines and arcs and has a counterclockwise direction.


to create a toolpath and found that it twists as shown below in the center picture. The twisting could affect the surface of the part, making it unmachinable or irregular.

When synchronizing chains, Mastercam breaks a chain into a number of separate chains for the purpose of creating the toolpath or surface. Use the Sync mode setting in the Chaining Options dialog box to define how you want to divide the chains. You can also set a default startup Sync mode in Settings, Configuration, Chaining properties page.

Choose one of the available Sync mode options defined below:

None: Synchronizes the chains by dividing them each into an even number of points. Certain surfaces and toolpaths require more precision than this option provides.

By Entity: Matches the chains by the endpoints of each entity. Requires both chains to have the same number of entities.

By Branch: Matches the chains at branch points. Can be used for most chain synchronization.

By Node: (Applies only to parametric splines). Matches two or more splines by the node points of each spline. Each spline must have the same number of node points.

By Point: Matches the chains by point entities on the endpoints of each entity. You must pre-define the points where you want the chains to sync.

Manual: Matches the chains of areas you specify.

Original geometry

Sync mode set to None

Sync mode set to By Branch


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Manual/density: Matches the chains that you specify and allows you to assign a density for each chain. If an area has small radii, use a higher density (such as 2) for a better finish.

Editing Toolpath ChainsThe Chain Manager is where you edit the geometry of toolpaths based on chained geometry (rather than points). The Chain Manager lists all the chains for the selected toolpath operation. Since chaining determines the cut order, tool rapid moves, and the direction of tool movement, you may find that you need to modify the chaining after generating a toolpath.

To access the Chain Manager, click the Geometry icon in the Toolpath Manager for any toolpath that contains chains for its underlying geometry.

Notes:

• Drill, surface, point, and multiaxis toolpaths do not contain chained geometry. When you choose the Geometry icon on these toolpaths, Mastercam displays the appropriate dialog, such as Surface Selection for a surface toolpath.

• If you are working in Mastercam Wire, you can configure Mastercam to open the Chain Manager dialog box immediately after you create a contour wirepath. To do so, select the Wire check box in the Settings, Configuration, Toolpaths properties page, and save the settings to your configuration file.

Figure 6-15: Chain Manager dialog box

Use the Chain Manager to perform the following chain management and editing functions:


Select Chains: Click a chain in the list to select it. To select an additional chain, or unselect a selected chain, [Ctrl+click] the chain (hold down the [Ctrl] key while clicking). To select a range, click the first chain to select it, and then [Shift+click] the last chain in the range.

Identify Chains: When you select a chain in the list, Mastercam highlights the corresponding chain geometry in the graphics window. Conversely, you can select a chain from its geometry by choosing the Select button (above the insert arrow buttons) and clicking a chain in the graphics window. Mastercam selects (highlights) the corresponding chain name in the Chain Manager list.

Re-Order Chains: Select and drag a chain to a new position in the list.

Manage the Insert Arrow: Arrow buttons, located along the right side of the dialog box, let you move or find the Insert Arrow, which indicates where new chains are added in the Chain Manager list.

Use the arrow buttons to move or locate the Insert Arrow as follows:

Click the Up Arrow or Down Arrow button to move the Insert Arrow.

Click the Right Arrow button to position the Insert Arrow immediately after the currently selected list item.

Click the Scroll button to scroll to the Insert Arrow's current location in the list.

Edit Chains: Use the right–click menu options to add, delete, replace, reverse, sort, and analyze chains, as well as perform other chaining functions. Right–click anywhere in the dialog box to access these functions.

Chain Manager Right–Click Menu Options

Right–clicking in the Chain Manager displays an extensive menu of options you can use to edit chains.


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Figure 6-16: Chain Manager right–click menu

Add chain: Opens the Chaining dialog box and lets you select one or more chains to add from the graphics window.

Change side: Swaps the cutter compensation for all chains in the operation from one side to the other. Cutter compensation refers to the tool offset from the toolpath (right or left). This option has no effect on pocket toolpaths or toolpaths that do not use cutter compensation.

Rechain all: Lets you replace all chains in the list with one or more chains you select from the graphics window.

Resync all: For some toolpaths, lets you select an alternate synchronization method from the Sync Mode drop-down list, which displays near the top of the dialog box.

Sort options: Opens the Sorting dialog box, where you can re-sort chain order (by start point).

Delete chain: Deletes one or more selected chains from the list. You can also:

Use the [Delete] key to delete one or more selected chains in the list.

Choose the Select button, select a chain in the graphics window, and press [Delete] to delete the chain.

Rechain single: Lets you replace a selected chain in the list with a chain you select from the graphics window.

Analyze chain: Opens the Analyze Chain dialog box, where you can select problems for Mastercam to identify in selected chains.

Change at point: Opens the Change at point dialog box so that you can edit the selected point. You can change the depth, coolant options, retract or


clearance height, insert canned text, and make other changes that apply to either the selected point or from that point forward.

Reverse chain: Reverses the direction of the selected chain.

Start point: Opens the Chaining Start/End dialog box, where you can use the Forward and Back buttons to move the start or end (open chains only) of a chain from one entity endpoint to another.

You can also move the start or endpoint of a chain to any position along an entity, without restricting the start/end to an entity endpoint. If Break entities in Dynamic is selected in the Chaining Options dialog box or the Settings, Configuration, Chaining properties page, using this function automatically breaks the entity at the start/end position. Choose Dynamic move start/end of chain (button between the Start and End controls), and then click the start or end point of a chain, and drag it to a new position.

Edit tabs: For contour toolpaths, lets you edit tabs using the Edit tabs ribbon bar. Use the ribbon bar options to move, add, or delete tabs on the chain. You can also access the Tabs dialog box to modify tab parameters.

Multi-Select: (Wire only) Works in conjunction with the Change at point right–click menu item. Multi-Select allows you to choose multiple points on the active chain before the Change at point dialog box displays. Press [Esc] to end point selection.

Reset Chain: (Wire only) Removes all Change at point data on the active chain.

Rename: Lets you change the name of the selected chain. Alternatively, you can click a selected chain and type a new name directly. Use either method to assign meaningful names to chains in the toolpath.


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Dynamic ChainingYou can eliminate unnecessary toolpath moves (“cutting air”) by dynamically adjusting the start and end points of chains. When you are chaining and click to set the start and end points on the geometry, a green arrow and a red arrow display on the part as shown in the following picture.

The crosshair at the bottom of the green arrow indicates the starting point. The green arrowhead points in the chaining direction (the direction the tool will travel along the chain). The crosshair at the base of the red arrow indicates the end of the chain, and the red arrowhead also points in the chaining direction.

By adjusting one or both of these chain points, you can dramatically increase your cutting efficiency. Adjust these points using the Start, Dynamic, and End buttons on the Chaining dialog box. You must expand the Chaining dialog box to view these buttons.

Use the Start and End buttons to move the start and end points of a chain from one entity endpoint to another.


Note: These buttons are unavailable on open chains. They are also unavailable if Break closest entity to thread point in the Chaining Options dialog box is selected.

Use the Dynamic button to move the start or end of a selected chain to any position along an entity, without restricting the start/end to an entity endpoint. Choose the Dynamic button, and then click the start or end point of a chain and drag it to a new position.

Notes:

• If Break entities in Dynamic is selected in the Chaining Options dialog box or Chaining property page, using this function automatically breaks the entity at the start/end position.

• The Dynamic button is disabled for Wire chaining.

The following image shows a sample part after a roughing operation without dynamically moving the chain for the next back turn operation. Notice the unnecessary cutting movement on the approach.


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By dynamically adjusting the chain to move the start point for the back turn operation (shown below), you can eliminate the “cutting air” portion of the toolpath.

This image shows the operation after using dynamic chaining to adjust the start point.


You can also use Mastercam's dynamic chaining feature after the toolpath has been created. Click the Geometry icon for the toolpath (in the Toolpath Manager as shown below) to open the Chain Manager.

In the Chain Manager, right–click the chain to edit, and choose Start point to use the options in the Chaining dialog box.

WORKING WITH TOOLPATH OPERATIONS / Selecting Tools • 403

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Selecting ToolsIn this section, you learn about selecting tools and setting feeds, speeds, and other general toolpath parameters.

For most tree-style toolpath dialog boxes, you select tools in the Tool page, listed in the tree below the Toolpath Type page.

Figure 6-17: 2D High Speed Tools page

For tabbed toolpath dialog boxes, you select tools in the Toolpath Parameters tab. The Toolpath parameters tab options vary, based on the selected toolpath type. However, there are many common fields for all toolpath types.


Figure 6-18: Lathe Rough Toolpath parameters tab

Both tree and tab style toolpath dialog boxes display after you chain or select geometry, solids, or surfaces for a new toolpath.

You can also access either style of toolpath dialog box (tree or tab) by clicking the Parameters icon in the Toolpath Manager list.

Note: Changing parameters after creating a toolpath may require you to regenerate the toolpath.

Mill and Router toolpath parameters are very similar. Lathe toolpaths share some Mill and Router toolpath parameters, but also include many that are unique to lathe machine tools. The method you use to select a tool is basically the same.

Note: For detailed information on toolpath parameters for a specific toolpath type, refer to the Mastercam Help.

WORKING WITH TOOLPATH OPERATIONS / Selecting Tools • 405

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Use the large area in the Tools page or Toolpath parameters tab to select a tool for the operation. All tools that have been added to, or are used in the current machine group, display in this area by default.

To change the tools display, right–click in this area and choose an option from the View menu.

If you display tools using the Details option, you can sort the list by clicking on column headers. To reorder the columns, click and drag them to new positions.

Use one of the following methods to select a tool:

In the tool display area, click the tool you want to use.

If the tool you want is not displayed, choose Select library tool. This opens the Tool Selection dialog box where you can select a tool from the current tool library or from any tool library you choose.

Use the right–click menu option to Create new tool and define the tool.

IMPORTANT: Any new tool definitions you create are stored only in the current machine group, unless you save them to a tool library.


TIPS:

• To simplify the display, choose Tool Filter and define criteria that will limit the display to only tools that meet your criteria.

• You can select a tool from the library just by entering its tool number, provided that in the Machine Group Properties dialog box Tool Settings tab, the option to Search tool library when entering tool number is selected. To configure this setting, click the Tool Settings icon in the Toolpath Manager list.

• Double–click a tool to edit its tool definition, or choose Edit tool from the right–click menu.

Working with the Tool Selection Dialog BoxThe Tool Selection dialog box displays when you choose the Select library tool button in the Toolpath parameters tab.

Figure 6-19: Toolpath Selection dialog box

Use this dialog box to select tools from a tool library and add them to the current machine group. Adding tools to the machine group allows you to select and use them in a toolpath.

WORKING WITH TOOLPATH OPERATIONS / Using the Toolpath Parameters Right-Click Menu • 407

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Double–click a tool to add it to the current operation and close the dialog box.

To list tools from a different library, select one from the drop-down list located in the upper left corner. If the library you want to use does not appear in the list, click the folder button (next to the drop-down list) then navigate to the library file location and select it for display.

You can also filter the tool list by a number of different criteria to make it easier to find the right tool. Select Filter active to apply a defined tool filter, or click the Filter button to define or edit the selection criteria, then apply it.

When you select a tool, the other fields in the Toolpath parameters dialog box tabs update with default values that you can override. Default parameters can come from the tool definition, machine and control definitions, and the operation defaults. The machine group properties define the source of the default values for many of the parameters.

TIPS:

• Mastercam Mill and Router toolpath types can use tools and tool libraries interchangeably.

• While working in the tool display window, click and drag columns to rearrange them, or sort the tools by clicking on a column header. Use the right–click menu to access more display options.

Using the Toolpath Parameters Right-Click Menu

When you right–click anywhere in the Toolpath parameters tab with the exception of the Comments text box, you can choose the following options from an extensive right–click menu.


Figure 6-20: Toolpath Parameters right–click menus

Create new tool: Create a new tool instead of selecting one from the list. The tool definition you create is stored only in the current machine group unless you save it to a library.

Edit tool: Edit the tool definition for the selected tool. Unless you save the changes to the library, they are stored only in the machine group and do not affect the tool definition in the library.

Get block drill: (Router) This option is available only when you create or edit a block drilling toolpath. Use it to access the Drill Block Selection dialog box where you can view, select, or edit the drill blocks defined for the machine type. Drill blocks must be predefined for the selected machine type using the Machine Definition Manager.

Get angled head (Mill), Get aggregate (Router): Access the Aggregate dialog box, where you can select an aggregate tooling block and set tools in the block.

Mill/Router (Tab style dialog box)

Mill/Router (Tree style dialog box)

Lathe

WORKING WITH TOOLPATH OPERATIONS / Editing Toolpath Defaults • 409

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Tool manager: This menu item includes the current tool library file name. Use it to access the Tool Manager dialog box and view and manage tool libraries, the tools in your part file, and tool definitions.

Load tool on machine: Automatically create a tool component based the selected tool, and add it to the machine definition. (Used only for simulation.)

View: Display the tools as large icons, a simple list, or a detailed list.

Arrange tools: Sort the tools by tool number or tool name. These options are helpful if you have the tools displayed as icons without any column headers.

Popup tool: (Lathe) Set options to view a larger picture of the tool and control the popup action by hovering the mouse over a tool icon in the Toolpath parameters tab.

Import operations: (Mill/Router) Import one or more operations from an operations library and automatically apply them to the current geometry selection.

Feed/speed calculator: (Mill/Router) Use the calculator to calculate feeds and speeds including surface speed or feed per tooth.

Save parameters: Save all parameters defined in the Toolpath parameter dialog box tabs to the operation defaults file (.DEFAULTS) used in the machine group. This overwrites the values stored in the operations defaults file only for the selected toolpath type. (Tab style dialog boxes only)

Reload parameters: Restore the values in the Toolpath parameters dialog box tabs with those defined for the toolpath type in the machine group’s operation defaults file. (Tab style dialog boxes only)

Notes:

• To save or reload parameters when working with toolpaths that use tree style dialog boxes, click the buttons at the top of the dialog box.

• You set the operation defaults file using the Files tab in the Machine Group Properties dialog box. Initially, the .DEFAULTS file that displays in the Files tab is associated with the selected control definition. To view this setting, and other machine group defaults, click the machine group Files icon in the Toolpath Manager list.

Editing Toolpath DefaultsDefault values for toolpath parameters and other operations are stored in a .DEFAULTS file, completely separate from the machine and control definition files. You will have separate .DEFAULTS files for inch and metric operations, and for each


product (Mill, Lathe, Router, Wire). Typically, these are stored in the \ops folder for each product. In addition to toolpath and operation defaults, the .DEFAULTS file also stores default values for many machine group properties.

Because the operation defaults are stored separately from the machine and control definition, you can use the same .DEFAULTS file for all of your machines or machine groups. Users in larger shops or with more sophisticated programming needs can create different .DEFAULTS files for different machines or applications and automatically load them with each machine definition (see “Creating and Using Machine-Specific .DEFAULTS Files” on page 413).

To learn more about default values for other types of settings, see the topic “Working with toolpath defaults” in the online help.

IMPORTANT: Default values for the Advanced Multiaxis toolpaths cannot be saved to the .DEFAULTS file.

However, you can save default values for Mastercam’s standard multiaxis toolpaths.


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Editing a toolpath .DEFAULTS file from the Toolpath Manager1 In the Toolpath Manager, click the Files icon in the Properties section for

the machine group.

2 Click the Edit button in the Operation Defaults section of the Machine Group Properties, Files tab.

3 In the Edit Operations Defaults dialog box, if necessary, load the .DEFAULTS file to edit by selecting it from the drop-down list. Use the folder buttons to select a .DEFAULTS file from a different folder.

4 Perform any of the following tasks:

To edit the default parameters for an operation, find the operation in the list, and click on its Parameters icon.

To add a new operation, right–click in the window, and choose an operation from the appropriate toolpath submenu. Then, edit the default


parameters of the new operation. New operations are created at the insertion point, just like in the Toolpath Manager.

To delete an operation, click to select it and press [Delete].

5 To create a new .DEFAULTS file, type a new name in the drop-down list. Do not change the file name to save your changes the current .DEFAULTS file.

6 Click OK when you are ready to exit. Mastercam automatically saves the file.

Saving default values while creating an operationMastercam also lets you save values to the active .DEFAULTS file while you are creating or editing an operation. This lets you try out and test values while actually working on a toolpath, and then save the current parameter values as defaults as soon as you get them right. Use one of the following methods.

If you are working in a tree style dialog box:

Select the Save parameters to defaults file button in the toolbar.

Figure 6-21: Saving default values while creating a toolpath (Tree style dialog box)

If you are working in a tabbed dialog box (Figure 6-22):

1 Select the Toolpath parameters tab.

2 Right-click and choose Save parameters to defaults file.


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Figure 6-22: Saving default values while creating a toolpath (Tab style dialog box)

You can do this while creating an operation or editing an existing operation.

Creating and Using Machine-Specific .DEFAULTS FilesUsers in large shops or who need to support multiple machines can create different .defaults files for specific machines or applications so that the proper .defaults file is automatically loaded when a machine is selected and a machine group created.

Use the Control Definition Manager to accomplish this. Mastercam saves a pointer to the desired .defaults file in the control definition. This way, when you select a control definition, you automatically select the operation and group defaults along with the post processor and other control settings.


Editing a control definition to use a different .defaults file1 Start the Control Definition Manager from the Settings menu.

2 If necessary, open the proper .CONTROL file.

3 If necessary, select the desired control definition from within the .CONTROL file. Click Existing definitions, select the desired definition, and click OK.

4 Select Files from the topic list.

5 Select Default operation library from the File usage list.

6 Select the desired .defaults file as shown here:

7 Repeat Step 6 for both inch and metric .defaults files. Mastercam automatically uses the proper file depending on the units that you are working in.


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8 Save the control definition. All machine definitions that use the control definition will automatically load the selected .defaults file when you create a new machine group with them.

Editing operation defaults from the Control Definition ManagerAs a convenience if you are creating machine-specific .defaults files, Mastercam also lets you edit the .defaults file from within the Control Definition Manager. This has the exact same effect as “Editing a toolpath .DEFAULTS file from the Toolpath Manager” on page 411. Everything you can do with one method, you can do with the other.

1 While the Control Definition Manager is open, select Operation Defaults from the topic list.

A copy of the Edit Operations Defaults dialog box opens in the Control Definition Manager.

2 Edit your operation defaults as you normally would. You can open any .defaults file or create new ones.

3 Because the .defaults file is separate from the control definition, you need to save your new settings with the Save default settings button.

4 Exit the Control Definition Manager and save the control definition as you normally would.

Working with HST defaultsOne of the advantages of Mastercam’s surface high speed toolpaths is the power and flexibility embedded in their default files. These default values are separate from the .DEFAULTS file used by other Mastercam toolpaths. Most HST defaults are based on the selected tool. Mastercam lets you configure how they are applied.


Configuring How Mastercam Applies HST DefaultsDefault values for many cutting and linking parameters are determined by the dimensions of the selected tool. When you select a new tool, Mastercam updates the values of these fields based on the new tool. This is different than many other Mastercam toolpaths, where only feeds and speeds are based on the tool, not cutting or other toolpath parameters. These are typically read from the .DEFAULTS file.

For example, the following picture shows the default cutting parameters for an area clearance toolpath, with a 0.5-inch bullnose endmill selected:

If you then select a 0.375-inch tool, many of the cutting parameters automatically update:


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Even if you have edited some of the cutting parameters, the edited values will be overwritten when you select a new tool. This happens even if the new tool has the same dimensions as the old one.

However, Mastercam includes an option that you can use to control this behavior. On the Toolpaths page in the System Configuration dialog box, deselect Automatically calculate HST defaults.

This disables the automatic update feature so that when you select a new tool, Mastercam does not update any of the cutting or linking parameters. Instead, you will see a new button on the Tool page:

Click Recalculate values to have Mastercam update the cutting and linking parameters based on the current tool dimensions. In this way, you can control when values are updated.

This also lets you use values from your .defaults file more like other Mastercam toolpaths. Whether or not the Automatically calculate HST defaults option is selected, you can still store HST default values in your .defaults file. However, if Automatically calculate HST defaults is active, many of the defaults will be overwritten as soon as you select a tool. When this option is not active, the default values will persist until you explicitly choose to recalculate them.


Surface HST Default Formula Files

Note: Mastercam default formula files (.FORMULA) apply only to 3D surface high speed toolpaths.

The formulas for calculating the default values for surface high speed toolpaths (HST) are stored in files with .FORMULA extensions. Typically, these are stored in the following folder:

\mcamx\mill\formula

Please note that if you have installed Mastercam to a directory other than MCAMX, that the route of the path shown above will reflect your customized install.

Mastercam installs a default.formula file that contains the system defaults. If you wish, you can select a different set of defaults. Typically, different default files are created for different materials. For example, for softer materials, you might use more aggressive cutting parameters.

Selecting a .FORMULA file1 Click the Select default formulae button on the HST toolbar.

2 Select the desired file.


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3 Mastercam displays the active .FORMULA file in the Quick View Settings window:

Opening and saving .FORMULA filesEven though the file extension is .FORMULA, these are XML files. Use any XML editor to open and edit them. You can also use Microsoft®Notepad, a text editor, or HTML editor to work on them.

TIP: Depending on the XML editor you use, it might be easier to open and edit the files if you first change the extension to .XML before editing the file, and changing it back to .FORMULA after you are done.

Creating new .FORMULA filesThe best practice for creating a new .FORMULA file is to start with an existing file—typically, default.formula—and use your editor’s “Save As” command to create the new file. This ensures that the new file has the proper XML tag structure, and that it has a complete set of default values for all toolpath types and pages. Remember, Mastercam default formula files apply only to 3D surface high speed toolpaths.

IMPORTANT: Make sure that the <?xml…> and <HST_Formula_Data…> tags in your new files exactly match the ones shown here:


Resetting the default.formula fileIf you have made changes to the default.formula file and want to start over with the original Mastercam-supplied defaults, follow these steps.

1 Delete the default.formula file.

2 Restart Mastercam.

3 Create a high speed surface toolpath (Toolpaths, Surface High Speed).

Mastercam automatically regenerates a default.formula file from its system defaults.

Understanding the formula file structure

Even if you’ve never used XML files, the .FORMULA files are easy to understand.

They consist of a series of nested objects that correspond to the parameter pages in your HST dialog box.

Each toolpath type is represented by a <toolpath> object.

Each toolpath contains a collection of parameter pages. Each parameter page is represented by a <page> object. Most toolpaths contain Cut parameters, Linking, and Transition pages.

Each page contains <group> objects. Each group contains a set of parameters.

Each field on each page is represented by a <param> object.

1


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Each object has a name and a target. When you need to refer to a field in a

formula, you refer to its target.

Each <param> object has a value. This represents the default value for that field.

To change the default value for a field, you need to locate the <param> object for the field and change this value. Sometimes this value is just a single number. That means the default value is a constant that does not depend on the tool or any other parameter.

Notice that the value is not enclosed by angle brackets < >.

Sometimes the value is an expression or formula. It is enclosed within

parentheses ( ). Notice it contains the target for another field, STEPDOWN.

Building formulasThe default value for each field can be either of two types:

Constant. This means that the default value will not change with a new tool and is not linked to any other parameter.

This example sets the default stock-to-leave amount at 0.05 inches:

Formula. This means that the default value is dynamically calculated based on the selected tool or another parameter.

This example sets the default stepdown to 10% of the tool diameter:

Formulas can be any conventional mathematical expression. Follow these rules:

The entire formula must be enclosed within ( ) parentheses. You can nest parentheses to create more complicated expressions.

To refer to another field, use its target with an @ symbol.

Use standard mathematical operators: + / – * ^

The following standard math and trig functions are available: sqrt( ), tan( ), sin( ), cos( ), atan( ), acos( ), asin( ).

Use degrees for angles, not radians. Pre-defined constants #RadToDeg and #DegToRad let you convert between the two.

Other named constants are #Pi and #E.

2

3

4


IMPORTANT: If any default values use constants, you will need to create separate files for inch and metric values.

Managing Toolpath OperationsThe Toolpath Manager is a central location where you manage all the elements of the current job. You access it from the Toolpaths tab in the Mastercam Operations Manager pane.

Insert arrow. Its position determines which machine group is the

machine group. active

You can create one or more toolpath operations per toolpath group.

For each selected machine definition, a s

.eparate

machine group is created

Toolpath Manager functions

Toolpath Manager / Solids Manager / Art Manager tabs

Toolpath Manager list. Right-click in the list to access an extensive menu of functions.

WORKING WITH TOOLPATH OPERATIONS / Managing Toolpath Operations • 423

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Note: If your installation includes Mastercam Solids, use the Solids tab to access the Solids Manager. In addition to listing the features that define a solid, the Solids Manager tab provides options for managing and editing solids. In the Art tab, you can use the Art Manager to view the details of any Art models in your part. However, the Mastercam Art add-on is required to use most of the functions available in the Art Manager and from the Mastercam Art menu.

Use the Toolpath Manager to generate, sort, edit, regenerate, verify, backplot, and post selected operations, including associative and non-associative toolpaths.

The Toolpath Manager list is a nested hierarchy of folders that organize the following types of information:

Machine and operations folders have additional levels of properties and attributes that you can modify. See “Editing Machine Group Properties” on page 371 and “Editing Operations” on page 438 for details.

TIP: When you position the cursor in the Toolpath Manager, the Toolpath Manager options become active; any keyboard commands you enter are executed in the Toolpath Manager. When you move the cursor outside of the Toolpath Manager pane, the focus shifts and different options become active.

Machine group

Machine (machine group properties)

Toolpath group

Toolpath group operations

Toolpath subgroup

Toolpath subgroup operations


Using the Insert ArrowIn the Toolpath Manager list, use the insert arrow to indicate where to place the next operation that you create. The machine group in which the insert arrow is positioned is referred to as the active machine group. The active machine group defines the options you can choose from the Toolpath Manager, its right–click menu, and the Mastercam Toolpaths menu. It also identifies the source and target of selected options, such as the addition of setup sheets, or the import or export of operations.

The default position for the insert arrow is at the end of the Toolpath Manager list. To reposition the arrow, use the left mouse button to select it and continue to hold down the mouse button as you “drag and drop” it to a new position in the list. You can also press [Shift] and the keyboard up and down arrow keys, or use the insert arrow buttons in the Toolpath Manager toolbar to reposition it.

TIPS:

• Mastercam saves the most recently used plane, view, and WCS selections for each machine group, and restores them whenever you activate the machine group. For example, if one machine group has toolpaths on the front of the part, and another machine group has toolpaths on the side of the part, when you activate a machine group, Mastercam automatically activates the views and planes you were using the last time the group was active.

• To activate a machine group when working in Mastercam Design (choose Machine Type, Design), select the machine group in the Toolpath Manager. Then right–click and choose Make machine group active. This loads the associated Mastercam application (Mill, Router, Lathe, Wire).


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Figure 6-23: Toolpath Manager Insert Arrow

Insert arrow indicates the active machine group and the position of the next operation you create.

Active machine group

Drag and drop the insert arrow to a new position, or use the arrow buttons to reposition it in the list.

Move down one item.

Position below last item in the selected operation / group.Scroll Toolpath Manager view to insert arrow position.

Move up one item.


In the Toolpath Manager, each operation has a name that describes the type of machining action it includes, such as Surface Rough Flowline. A single part can have many operations within one or more machine groups and toolpath groups.

Each operation has at least four parts:

Figure 6-24: Operation details in Toolpath Manager

To view and edit this information, click an icon in the Toolpath Manager list. Operations that are more detailed and specific to a selected machine and toolpath type provide additional icons representing information you can view and edit.

Lathe-specific—For lathe toolpaths, click the Update Stock/Do not update stock icon to enable or disable this feature. When enabled, as shown below, Mastercam Lathe provides you with feedback on the stock shape as it is machined.

Figure 6-25: Lathe Operation details

Surface toolpaths—For surface toolpaths, you can click additional geometry icons to view and edit information on the Drive surfaces, Check surfaces, Containment boundaries, Start points menus, and CAD files used in the operation.

Toolpath Parameters: Contains all the machining information, including tool selection and number of cutting passes.

Tool definition: Information about the size and shape of the tool.

Part geometry: Contains the geometry selections for the part or section you are machining.

Toolpath: A separate intermediate file (NCI) that contains all of the toolpath data. The post processor uses the NCI file to create an NC file for your specific machine/control.


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Figure 6-26: Surface Operation details

Flowline toolpaths—For flowline toolpaths, which follow the shape and direction of the surfaces, you can also view and edit flowline information for the toolpath by selecting the Geometry - Flowline Data icon.

Figure 6-27: Flowline Operation details

Using Toolpath Manager IconsToolpath Manager icons are visual indicators that represent different types of information about the operations in a machine group and their status. Each icon you may see in the Toolpath Manager and its purpose is described below.

Operations Folder icons

Operation folder: Contains the operation components such as toolpath parameters, tool parameters, and geometry or solids.

Selected operation: When you select an operation, the folder displays a check mark. You select operations to collectively perform certain functions on the selected group, such as regenerate, backplot or verify.

Parameters icons

Toolpath parameters: Opens the Toolpath Parameters dialog box where you can select a tool, set feeds, speeds, and other general toolpath parameters.


Subprogram: Indicates that the operation contains one or more subprograms and opens the related dialog box for transform or non-transform operations. (A subprogram is an NC program that is called from the main NC program to repeat code within an operation.)

Tool icons

Tool parameters: Opens the Define Tool dialog box where you can define the tool and its parameters for the operation.

Lathe tool parameters: Opens the Lathe Tools dialog box where you can define the tool type, insert, holder, and cutting parameters.

Generic Geometry icon

Geometry: Allows you to edit the geometry by opening the appropriate editing function, such as the Drill Point Manager or Chain Manager. For more information, see “Editing Drill Points” on page 510 and “Editing Toolpath Chains” on page 395.

Solid/Surfaces icons

Solid/Surfaces: Indicates that the operation contains a solid, a surface, or a combination of solids, surfaces, and geometry. Use this option to open the associated editing function, such as the Toolpath/Surface Selection dialog box.

Geometry Drive surfaces: Provides access to the Drive surface selection menu for surface toolpaths.

Check surfaces: Opens the Edit Check Geometry dialog box where you can make changes to drive surfaces.

Geometry Containment boundaries: Opens the Chain Manager where you can select containment boundaries for surface toolpaths.

Start points: Identifies start points of surface geometry and allows you to reselect a start point.

Flowline: Applies only to surface flowline toolpaths and allows you to change flowline parameters.

CAD file: Indicates that a CAD file was selected for a surface toolpath. Use this option to select a different CAD file.

Toolpath Operation icons


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Toolpath on: Toolpath display is on. (Icon is blue.)

Toolpath off: Toolpath display is off. (Icon is gray.)

Toolpath not restored: The file has not been restored (via a toolpath regeneration) since the file was opened with the “restore NCI” option deselected. (Icon is light blue.)

Toolpath locked: The toolpath has been edited after regeneration. Toolpath editor, highfeed machining, and batch processing all lock the toolpath. Locking prevents unintentional regeneration. To reverse locking, click the Lock button located at the top of the Toolpath Manager.

Toolpath locked, display off: The toolpath is locked (see above) and the display for that operation is off. You can turn on the toolpath display again even if the toolpath is locked. See “Displaying Toolpaths” on page 431 for additional information on turning the display of toolpaths on and off in the graphics window.

Posting off: Posting is turned off for the toolpath. To reverse the posting status, click the Post button located at the top of the Toolpath Manager.

Dirty toolpath: The toolpath needs to be regenerated. This happens if you have changed certain parameters or the underlying geometry. To regenerate toolpaths, use the Regenerate buttons located at the top of the Toolpath Manager. You can choose to regenerate all invalid toolpaths or only those you select.

Processing a multi-threaded toolpath: Indicates that the toolpath is being processed in multi-threaded mode by Mastercam's Multi-Threading Manager (MTM). Multi-threaded toolpath processing is currently available only for Mastercam's 3D surface high speed toolpaths (HST) and multiaxis toolpaths (excluding advanced). This processing mode allows Mastercam to split the programs that regenerate its largest, most complex toolpaths into smaller and separate program threads that execute simultaneously. For more information, see “Multi-Threaded Toolpath Processing” on page 433.


Waiting to process a multi-threaded toolpath: Assigned by Mastercam's Multi-Threading Manager (MTM) to dependent toolpath threads, for example, rest toolpaths. Dependent threads require data from prior “parent” toolpath threads. Dependent threads cannot begin processing until the MTM completely finishes processing the parent thread, including translation of the binary NCI data. For more information, see “Multi-Threaded Toolpath Processing” on page 433.

Toolpath locked and dirty: The toolpath needs to be regenerated, but is currently locked. You must unlock the toolpath before you can regenerate it.

Use the Lock button at the top of the Toolpath Manager to lock and unlock the toolpath.

Regenerate toolpaths by clicking the Regenerate button(s) at the top of the Toolpath Manager.

Posting off, toolpath locked: The toolpath is locked and toolpath posting is off.

Use the Post button at the top of the Toolpath Manager to toggle posting on and off.


Posting off, toolpath dirty: The toolpath needs to be regenerated and toolpath posting is off.

Use the Post button at the top of the Toolpath Manager to toggle posting on and off.


Posting off, toolpath locked and dirty: The toolpath needs to be regenerated, but is currently locked. Additionally, toolpath posting is off. You can turn posting back on at any time. You must unlock the toolpath before you can regenerate it.

Toggle posting on and off by clicking the Post button at the top of the Toolpath Manager.




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TIP: If you choose to backplot, verify, or post process a dirty, unlocked operation, a message informs you that the selected operations may require regeneration. You can choose whether to regenerate the operations before continuing with the function. If you choose not to regenerate, the dirty operations are processed “as is” by the selected function. This message does not appear if you choose to backplot, verify, or post operations that are dirty and locked. In this case, the function proceeds without interruption and the information in the binary NCI file is used “as is”. For more information on using these functions, see “Backplotting Operations” on page 449, “Verifying Operations” on page 453, and “Post Processing” on page 460.

Displaying ToolpathsWhen you generate a toolpath, the tool motion is drawn in the graphics window. Sometimes the display of multiple toolpaths can obscure the geometry and each other. You may find it simpler to work with toolpath display turned off.

Use the following Toolpath Manager options to simplify the display of toolpaths and associative geometry in the graphics window.

Figure 6-28: Toolpath Manager tab, display options

Update stock enabled: Indicates that the Mastercam Lathe update option is enabled, allowing Mastercam to provide feedback on the stock shape as it is machined.

Update stock disabled: Indicates that the Mastercam Lathe update option is disabled. Mastercam will not provide feedback on the stock shape as it is machined.

Batch: Indicates that in the Tool parameters tab the operation has been marked “to Batch.” The operation is set to batch mode and will be processed separately from other operations. (This parameter is not available in Mastercam Wire.)


Activate one or both of the following options to view toolpaths/associative geometry for only the operations that you select in the Toolpath Manager list:

You can also use the Toolpath Manager and shortcut keys to show and hide all toolpaths, or only selected toolpaths.

Showing/Hiding All Toolpaths—To show or hide the display of all toolpaths in the graphics window, position the cursor in the graphics window, and press the [Alt] key and the [T] key at the same time [Alt+T]. This key sequence toggles the visibility of all toolpaths on and off in the graphics window.

Showing/Hiding Selected Toolpaths—To change the display state of one or more toolpaths, select one or more toolpath operations in Toolpath Manager and type [T]. Mastercam turns off the toolpath display for the selected toolpaths. To turn the display back on, type [T] again. This is especially helpful if you are working with a complex part and want to view only specific toolpaths. When you use this technique to turn off the display of individual operations, they are not affected by typing [Alt+T] in the graphics window. They remain “hidden” until you type [T] again when the cursor is positioned in the Toolpath Manager.

Notes:

• Toolpath Manager display options override all other toolpath display states and settings.

• You may need to repaint the display after toggling the toolpath display on/off. See “Changing the Graphics Window Display” on page 106 for more information.

• Toolpaths are not displayed for operations marked dirty until they are regenerated.

Guidelines for Working with Operations Click on the text or icon of an operation to select it. The icon of the selected

operation appears with a green check mark.

To select multiple operations, hold down the [Ctrl] key and click the text or icon associated with the operations you want to select.

Only display selected toolpaths: Displays toolpaths only for the selected operations.

Only display associative geometry: Displays all geometry associated with the selected operations, provided that the geometry is not hidden or blanked, and the geometry is on levels that are visible. Can be used in combination with Only display selected toolpath.

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Copy or move operations within the list by dragging and dropping. Operations that are copied and moved from one group to another take on the properties of the new group. Subgroups can also be moved into positions of parent groups.

Note: If the operation being copied or moved is not compatible with the machine group settings, a message informs you and asks if you want to cancel the copy/move or accept Mastercam's attempt to modify the operation to fit the machine definition.

Use the right–click menu Undelete command to restore deleted operations. You can undelete an operation until you load another file or exit Mastercam.

To add a comment to an operation, click it, and then click it again as if to rename it. When the operation text disappears, type your comment and either click somewhere else or press [Enter]. The comment appears at the end of the operation text as well as in the Comments field in the Toolpath parameters tab for the selected operation.

IMPORTANT: The text you enter in this manner overwrites any comment text you have already entered for that operation.

To hide most of the text that appears next to the list icons, use the Display options command in the right–click menu.

Multi-Threaded Toolpath Processing“Multi-threading” is a special form of program multitasking that allows a single program to execute portions of itself concurrently (as opposed to a single-threaded program which executes in a linear mode). A thread is basically an independent “thread of execution” within a program's code that is managed by the computer's operating system and CPU (central processing unit). Programs that are multi-threaded can process more quickly, and more efficiently. Even more importantly, threads (particularly computational threads) can be queued and processed in “background mode”, allowing you to start new programs and tasks without waiting for others to finish.

Multi-threaded toolpath processing allows Mastercam to split the programs that regenerate its largest, most complex toolpaths into smaller and separate program threads that execute simultaneously. This processing mode is currently available only for the following toolpaths:

3D surface high speed (HST)

Multisurface 5-Axis, Flowline 5-Axis, and Port 5-Axis


When you activate multi-threaded processing, you do not have to wait for toolpath regeneration to complete for these toolpaths before starting another Mastercam function. Once the toolpaths have been sent to the Multi-Threading Manager (MTM), Mastercam processes them “in the background”.

You enable/disable multi-threaded toolpath processing as part of your Mastercam configuration (Settings, Configuration, Toolpaths page). See “Toolpaths” on page 868 for more information.

To toggle multi-threaded toolpath processing on or off for the current Mastercam session, use the Toggle Multi-Threading icon from the What’s new toolbar, or any other toolbar to which it has been added.

The Mastercam Event Logger, located in your system tray during an open Mastercam session, keeps a log of Mastercam error and warning messages, and program processes. This log includes information on the toolpath operations that are multi-threaded and the time it takes to process each thread, as well as the total processing time for an entire multi-threaded regeneration. This information can help you compare the processing time of a set of toolpaths using single-threaded and multi-threaded modes.

When in multi-threaded mode, the Toolpath Manager displays two icons to indicate that toolpaths are being processed as threads in the Multi-Threading Manager. The icons are green or yellow spools of thread.

Green icons indicate threads that are being processed in the MTM.

Yellow icons are assigned to dependent toolpath threads (for example, rest toolpaths). Dependent threads require data from prior “parent” toolpath threads. Dependent threads cannot begin processing until the MTM completely finishes processing the parent thread (including translation of the binary NCI data).


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Working with the Multi-Threading ManagerTo display the Multi-Threading Manager (MTM), choose View, Toggle Multi-Threading Manager.

Note: The Multi-Threading Manager does not need to be displayed in order to run in active multi-threading mode. It is a display/status tool only.

Figure 6-29: Multi-Threading Manager dialog box

Use this dialog box to view the toolpath processing threads created every time Mastercam generates or regenerates 3D surface high speed toolpaths (HST) and multiaxis toolpaths (excluding advanced). All existing threads display in the MTM, along with their current states, progress bar indicators, and processing status.

Display Options—The Multi-Threading Manager displays “on top” of all other windows (Mastercam or any other program). This characteristic allows it to be “thread safe” in a manner similar to the Windows Task Manager. The MTM runs independently from Mastercam.


Right-click menu options for columns

To display or hide a column—other than the Process Name which is set to always display—right-click in the column heading row and select/deselect a column title.

To reorder any column, drag and drop the column heading to a new position.

To resize a column, select and drag the vertical divider to the left or right.

Thread Processing Options—Mastercam processes toolpath threads when generating 3D HST and multiaxis toolpath types without requiring user intervention. However, when necessary, you can use the VCR-style buttons at the top of this dialog box to stop, pause, and play (resume) one or more selected threads. Other options let you reassign the priority of a thread.

Right-click menu options for thread processing

Right-click on any toolpath thread to Stop, Pause or Play (resume) processing. Pausing a thread suspends its processing, however it remains included in the number of threads in-process. Stopping a thread removes it from the queue.

Additional options let you set a processing priority in the queue, subject to any dependencies between toolpath threads (for example, restmill operations that are dependent on prior roughing or finishing operations).


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Changing the priority of a thread can make it run faster or slower (depending on whether you raise or lower the priority), but it can also adversely affect the performance of other threads.

Choose from the following options:

Realtime

High

AboveNormal

Normal (default)

BelowNormal

To apply the same option to multiple threads, use standard Windows selection methods to choose threads in the list. Then right-click and select an option.

Configuration OptionsThe Configure button opens the Multi Thread Settings dialog box where you set the maximum number of toolpath threads Mastercam is allowed to process simultaneously. The value you define remains set until you change it.

Notes:

• If multi-threading is not enabled for your Mastercam configuration, the MTM title bar displays a message informing you that it is disabled in the Settings, Configuration, Toolpaths page. Select the check box on that page to enable the feature. Then save the setting to your configuration file.

• Or, select the Toggle Multi-Threading icon to activate multi-threading for only the current Mastercam session.

• Initially, the multi-threading icons are located in the Mastercam What's new toolbar. However, you can use the Settings, Customize function to add these icons to any toolbar. For more information, see “Customizing Toolbar Settings” on page 810.


Editing OperationsToolpath Manager icons and right–click menu functions offer many flexible methods you can use to edit operations. So far in this chapter, you have learned about using Toolpath Manager icons to:

Choose a machine and control definition (page 360)

Set machine group properties (page 369)

View and edit toolpath operations (page 422)

This section provides information on how to use the Toolpath Manager right–click menu and its Toolpath Editor and Edit selected operations submenu functions.


Using the Toolpath Editor (page 438)

Editing Selected Operations (page 443)

Using the Toolpath EditorThe Toolpath Editor gives you a fine level of control over toolpath motion. You can make modifications to the tool motion created by Mastercam and change the way areas of the toolpath are machined. Use the Toolpath Editor to modify, add, move, or delete points. You can also delete selected sections, cuts, or passes if the toolpath includes them.

You access the Toolpath Editor by selecting a single toolpath in the Toolpath Manager, right–clicking on the operation title, and then choosing Toolpath Editor from the right–click menu.

TIP: Make all other necessary changes to the toolpath (such as tool or parameter changes) before using the Toolpath Editor. The Toolpath Editor locks the toolpath after you edit it. Locked toolpaths are not updated by Mastercam. To further modify the toolpath, you must unlock it. If the toolpath is regenerated after editing, any custom modifications will be overwritten.

WORKING WITH TOOLPATH OPERATIONS / Editing Operations • 439

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Figure 6-30: Toolpath Editor dialog box

Use the information in this topic to learn about:

Guidelines for Editing Toolpaths (page 439)

Editing a Toolpath Point (page 440)

Adding a Point to a Toolpath (page 441)

Moving a Point in a Toolpath (page 442)

Deleting a Toolpath Section (page 442)

Guidelines for Editing Toolpaths

Use the fields in the Position section of the Edit Toolpath dialog box to select the toolpath point position (XYZ coordinates) to edit. If the toolpath includes multiple passes and depth cuts, you can also choose to delete a pass (XY motion) or cut (Z motion) in that point position.

Use one of the following selection methods:


Click the up and down scroll arrows, or click in the field and use the mouse wheel or arrow keys to scroll.

Enter a number directly in the field.

Click a position in the graphics window.

The selected position appears highlighted in the graphics window toolpath display. The display changes as you use other Toolpath Editor options to move, edit, or delete the selected toolpath point, cut, or pass.

Pass and Cut Position fields are unavailable for Lathe toolpaths. For other toolpath types, Pass is available only if multiple passes are used in the toolpath, and Cut is available only if depth cuts are used.

When adding a new point, select the Before check box to insert the new point before the point position in the toolpath. Deselect it to add the new point after this point position.

Use the options in the Show section of the Edit Toolpath dialog box to set toolpath display options in the graphics window. You can view only the pass or cut you enter in the corresponding Position field, or display all cuts and passes in the toolpath.

The Delete Section option lets you remove a defined section of the toolpath, based on the starting and ending point positions you choose. For more information, see “Deleting a Toolpath Section” on page 442.

Click Cancel in the Edit Toolpath dialog box to cancel all changes you made to the toolpath during a single session in the Toolpath Editor, including those made in the Section and Edit Point Parameters dialog boxes.

Editing a Toolpath Point

To edit a toolpath point position:1 In the Toolpath Manager list, select the toolpath operation to edit, right–click

on the operation title, and choose Toolpath Editor from the Toolpath Manager right–click menu.

2 Use the Edit Toolpath dialog box Position field to select the toolpath point position to modify. Then click Edit Point.


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3 Use the fields in the Edit Point Parameters dialog box to change the toolpath motion at the selected point and modify other toolpath actions at that point, such as turning coolant on or off and changing cutter compensation.

Notes:

• If you change the feed rate, use the Change options to apply the new feed rate as either a Modal change (effective until a different feed rate is encountered in the toolpath), or to a defined Section of the toolpath. The section begins with the point you chose to edit in Step 2 and ends with a position you choose later in the Section dialog box.

• Rapid move is unavailable for arcs.

• Feed rate is disabled for rapid moves.

4 When you finish entering changes for the selected point position, click OK to return to the Edit Toolpath dialog box.

5 If you entered a feed rate change in Step 3 and chose Section as the Change type, use the Section dialog box to enter the endpoint for the new feed rate. As you choose the endpoint, the defined section is highlighted in the graphics window. To accept it and exit the dialog box, click OK.

6 Continue editing, or click OK to accept all changes made to the toolpath in this session of the Toolpath Editor and exit the Edit Toolpath dialog box.

Adding a Point to a Toolpath

To add a new point to a toolpath:1 In the Toolpath Manager list, select the toolpath operation to edit, right–click

on the operation title, and choose Toolpath Editor from the Toolpath Manager right–click menu.

2 In the Edit Toolpath dialog box, select the Before check box to insert the new point before the point position you choose in the next step. Otherwise, the new point is added after that position.


3 Click Add point and, when prompted, select a position in the graphics window. The new point is added to the toolpath and appears highlighted (red) in the graphics window.

4 Continue using Toolpath Editor options to edit the toolpath, or click OK to accept all changes made to the toolpath in this session of the Toolpath Editor and exit the Edit Toolpath dialog box.

Moving a Point in a Toolpath

To edit a toolpath by moving one of its points to a new position:1 In the Toolpath Manager list, select the toolpath operation you want to edit,

right–click on the operation title, and choose Toolpath Editor from the Toolpath Manager right–click menu.

2 Use the Edit Toolpath dialog box Position field to select the toolpath point position to move.

3 Click Move point and, when prompted, select a new position in the graphics window. The toolpath is edited to reflect the new point position, and this position is highlighted (red) in the graphics window.

4 Continue using Toolpath Editor options to edit the toolpath, or click OK to accept all changes made to the toolpath in this session of the Toolpath Editor and exit the Edit Toolpath dialog box.

Deleting a Toolpath Section

To delete a toolpath section:1 In the Toolpath Manager list, select the toolpath operation to edit, right–click

on the operation title, and choose Toolpath Editor from the Toolpath Manager right-click menu.

2 Use the Edit Toolpath dialog box Position field to select the first toolpath point position of the section to delete. Then click Delete Section.

3 In the Section dialog box, use one of the following methods to set the section endpoint:


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Click the up and down scroll arrows, or click in the field and use the mouse wheel or arrow keys to scroll.

Enter a number directly in the field.

Click a position in the graphics window.

When you choose an endpoint, the defined section is highlighted in the graphics window. To change the endpoint, simply choose another one.

4 To delete the defined section and return to the Edit Toolpath dialog box, click OK.

5 Continue editing the toolpath, or click OK to accept all changes made to the toolpath in this session of the Toolpath Editor and exit the Edit Toolpath dialog box.

Editing Selected OperationsThis section provides you with information on:

Editing Common Parameters (page 443)

Changing the NC File Name (page 446)

Changing Program Numbers (page 447)

Renumbering Tools (page 447)

Renumbering Work Offsets (page 448)

Reversing Toolpaths (page 449)

Recalculating Feeds/Speeds (page 449)

To access additional toolpath editing functions, select one or more operations in the Toolpath Manager, right–click and choose an editing function from the Edit selected operations submenu.

Editing Common ParametersUse the Edit common parameters function and dialog box to efficiently edit parameters shared by a selected group of operations. The operations you can update with this function must be in the same machine group.


Figure 6-31: Edit Common Parameters dialog box

The large area in the left side of the dialog box lists all selected operations in ascending order by operation number.

Use the check box next to each field in this dialog box to select the fields to edit. This flexible design lets you implement changes to one field, all fields, or any combination of fields you choose. When you click OK or Apply, only selected (activated) fields and their associated values are used to edit the operations in the list.

TIPS:

• Use the Enable all and Disable all buttons located in the lower left corner, to quickly select/deselect all fields.

• To deselect (disable) the Clearance or Retract fields for all edited operations, select the check box next to the field and choose Disable from the Use drop-down list.


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Note: If a change does not fit an operation in the list, it is ignored during the update process. For example, changes to Feed plane do not affect a drilling operation. Also, before accepting a change, the update process verifies that the change can be supported by the machine group’s Machine Definition and Control Definition. If it cannot, a message identifies the field and conflict, and no change occurs.

After selecting a field, use one of the following methods to change it:

Type a value in the field.

Click the field button, and set parameters in the related dialog box.

Select a value from a drop-down list.

To update the operations with your changes, click OK or Apply.

Use the Abs/Inc drop-down list to choose a plane setting for the selected field and specified value. Most toolpaths provide Clearance, Retract, Feed plane, Top of stock, and Depth parameters you enter in either absolute or incremental values.

Absolute values are always measured from the origin.

Incremental values are relative to other parameters or chained geometry. For example, incremental Depth and Top of Stock parameters are relative to the location of the chained geometry. The Clearance, Retract, and Feed plane are relative to the Top of stock.

Selecting ToolsAll tools added to or used in the active machine group appear in the large area below the Tool Selection check box. To choose a tool and apply it to all selected operations, start by selecting the Tool Selection check box. This activates the Tool Selection option. Then select a tool by clicking it. Use the Tool Filter check box and button to modify the tool display. To access the Tool Selection dialog box and its options, click the Select library tool button. You can also pick additional options from the menu that displays when you right–click in the Tool area.

Figure 6-32: Edit Common Parameters, Tool right–click menu

Propagating ChangesUse the Propagate button in conjunction with the operations list to copy one or more selected fields from one operation to all other operations in the list. First, select the


operation you want to copy fields from by clicking it in the list. The operation is highlighted to indicate its selection. Click Propagate to update all common parameters fields with values from the selected operation. Then select one or more fields to apply, edit them as necessary, and click Apply. The selected fields and values are applied to all operations in the Edit Common Parameters list. To use another operation to propagate and update additional fields, repeat this procedure. To accept the changes and exit the function, click OK rather than Apply.

TIP: To update the common parameter values with those used in a selected operation, rather than select an operation and click the Propagate button, you can simply double–click the operation.

Changing the NC File NameChoose the Change NC file name function to set the name of the NC file Mastercam creates when posting output for one or more operations. The changed setting applies to all operations you selected in the Toolpath Manager list prior to choosing the function.

Figure 6-33: Enter new NC name dialog box

IMPORTANT: This setting overrides the NC output file name setting specified in the Settings, Configuration, Toolpath Manager properties page for your Mastercam configuration file. However, the NC file will be saved to the location specified by the data path entered in the Machine Group Properties Files tab, Toolpath directory field. This location displays as read-only information in the Enter new NC name dialog box, as illustrated above.


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Changing Program NumbersUse this function to assign a program number to selected operations.

Figure 6-34: Enter Program # dialog box

The post processor uses the program number for machine tools that require program numbers rather than program names. The program number displays next to the NC file name in the Toolpath Manager.

Renumbering ToolsThe Renumber tools function makes it easy to renumber the tools used in the selected operations, and optionally those that have been saved with the part file but are not used in any of its operations. For example, you might use this function when reprogramming a job for a different machine tool.

The Starting tool number and Tool number increment fields are required fields; others are optional.

To renumber all the tools that have been saved to the part file, regardless of whether they are used in its operations, select the Also renumber tools not used in any operation option. Deselect this option to renumber only the tools that are included in the selected operations.


Figure 6-35: Renumber Tools dialog box

Note: Tools are renumbered based on the current order of operations.

Renumbering Work OffsetsUse this function to renumber the work offsets for non-transform operations within the Toolpath Manager.

Figure 6-36: Renumber Work Offsets dialog box

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The Starting work offset number and Work offset number increment fields are required fields; others are optional.

When you apply your changes, any work offset information previously defined for the selected operations is updated with the renumbering information you provided.

Reversing ToolpathsThe Reverse toolpath function allows you to transpose the machining direction and swap the side where cutter compensation in control is applied for selected operations. If cutter compensation in control is off in the toolpath, it remains off; only the machining direction is reversed.

After reversing a toolpath, the NCI file is automatically locked to prevent you from regenerating the toolpath.

Recalculating Feeds/SpeedsUse this function to adjust the feed rate, plunge rate, retract rate, and spindle speed for multiple toolpaths based on a new stock material. This process requires that the feed calculation be set to “From material.” You set this value in the Machine Group Properties, Tool settings tab.

Backplotting OperationsUse the Backplot function in the Toolpath Manager to simulate tool motion for selected operations. This animated display allows you to view the cutting process in the graphics window in a manner similar to stepping through or running a video file.


Figure 6-37: Backplot

Backplot helps you find any errors in your program before physically machining the part. To begin backplotting, select one or more operations in the Toolpath Manager

list. Then click the Backplot button located at the top of the Toolpath Manager.

To move forward and backward through the backplot simulation, use the Backplot VCR bar, located above the graphics window.

Figure 6-38: Backplot VCR bar

You can run Backplot in Run mode, which displays the toolpath as the tool moves along, or Trace mode, which displays the entire toolpath and the tool moves over it. The direction of each tool move is highlighted as the backplot progresses. The default colors are light blue at the start and red at the end of each move, but you can set them to any color you choose.

RunTrace

Step ba

ck

Step fo

rward

Fast fo

rward

StopRewind

Play

Run speed slider Visible motion position slider

Set conditional stops

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Use the Options button to customize backplot settings in the Backplot Options dialog box, such as setting the tool display, holder display, and tool motion colors.

Figure 6-39: Backplot Options dialog box

As you step through the toolpath, the Details tab of the expanded Backplot dialog box displays information on the type of move, and the Info tab displays information such as cycle time and path length for the selected operation.


The Restrict drawing buttons let you remove all currently plotted toolpaths from the screen or restore all toolpaths to the display. When you restrict the display, only the remaining toolpaths are plotted. Use the Turn off restricted button to reset all toolpaths to their unrestricted states.

Backplot dialog box and Details tab (default)

Backplot dialog box, Info tab

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Verifying OperationsUse the Verify function in the Toolpath Manager to create a 3D simulation of machining selected operations. The model created by this function represents the surface finish. It also shows collisions, if any exist, and enables you to find and correct program errors before they reach the shop floor.

Figure 6-40: Verify

Toolpath verification provides two modes of operation: Standard and TrueSolid.

Standard mode uses pixel-based technology to represent the machined part. If your installation does not include the TrueSolid verification add-on, you must use Standard mode for 3-, 4-, and 5-axis toolpath verification. For information on purchasing TrueSolid verification, contact your Mastercam Reseller.

TrueSolid mode uses solid modeling technology for toolpath simulation.

TrueSolid also uses OpenGL® graphics for dynamic 3D solid rendering and animation. After verifying a part in TrueSolid mode, you can rotate and magnify the part to more closely check features, surface finish, or scallops. Because of these enhanced capabilities, TrueSolid verification is the best choice for toolpath simulation.


You will learn more about configuring the Verify function for a specific mode of operation and setting other verify options in “Configuring Verification Parameters” on page 456.

Notes:

• In Mastercam Lathe, use TrueSolid mode for best results.

• The Turbo feature shows the machined part without simulating the tool motion. Selecting Turbo for either Standard or TrueSolid verification may produce results more quickly. TrueSolid Turbo is available only for 3-axis toolpaths in Top view and does not support WCS or simulate part indexing.

Running the VerificationTo begin verification, select one or more operations in the Toolpath Manager list, and

then click the Verify button.

Use the control buttons located at the top of the Verify dialog box to start, pause, rewind, step through, and fast forward through the verify simulation.


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Figure 6-41: Verify dialog box

Use other options in this dialog box to:

Select the tool display mode: Turbo (fastest mode, no tool display), Simulate tool, or Simulate tool and holder.

Set display parameters affecting movement, speed, and quality of simulation.

Set stop/pause conditions.

Turn Verbose mode on or off. When on, this setting activates the Verify ribbon bar and displays additional details on the machine state as you step through the verification process.

Select verification speed.


Access Verify configuration settings and features, including slice (cross section), measure, zoom, and options to save the stock model.

If you select the Verbose check box on the Verify dialog box, the Verify ribbon bar displays.

Figure 6-42: Verify ribbon bar

When you stop the verification process, either by using a selected stop option or with the VCR controls, this ribbon bar displays read-only information about the tool move that occurred just prior to the stop position. The coordinates for the stop position also display. If you close the Verify controls dialog box, the ribbon bar also closes.

Note: While a verification is in progress, you cannot change the tool display mode. You must wait for the verification process to finish, and then choose Restart.

Configuring Verification ParametersTo set parameters for the verification process, click the Options button in the Verify dialog box.

Then use fields in the Verify Options dialog box to customize the following:

Stock shape, file, boundaries, initial size source

Tool profile, MCX and NCI file selection, tool and STL tolerances

Color settings for stock, collision, tool, and cut stock

Miscellaneous options for TrueSolid simulation, cutter compensation, axis display, STL file comparison, chip removal, tool color and display, and screw thread simulation

G-code

Posit

ion co

ordina

tes

Spindle

spee

d

Coolan

t on/o

ff

Cutter

compe

nsatio

n

Feed r

ate


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Figure 6-43: Verify Options dialog box

Note: If you are verifying the current part file (MCX) and do not set stock dimensions in the Verify configuration dialog box, the stock values that are specified in the part file are used (Machine Group Properties, Stock Set up tab). If stock values cannot be used from the part file, the stock dimensions in the NCI file associated with the part file are used. If you are verifying a different NCI file, Mastercam scans the specified NCI file for the stock dimensions.

Tool Simulation During VerificationDuring verification, Mastercam Mill and Mastercam Router show a solid representation of the tool as it moves through the toolpath. To set the shape of the tool profile, use options in the Tool Profile section of the Verify configuration dialog box:

To use the tool parameters to display the tool profile, choose Auto.

To use the selected part file as the tool profile, choose As defined. The part file is selected when you set up the tool. Mastercam scales the part file by the diameter you enter for the tool.


Note: If you are using an Undefined tool type, the part file is not scaled.

Tool simulation in TrueSolid Turbo mode—Verify does not simulate all tool shapes in TrueSolid Turbo mode. When verifying in TrueSolid Turbo mode, the program simulates the tool shape by extruding it upward from the tool tip. To properly simulate tools that perform undercutting, do not use TrueSolid Turbo mode. Instead, verify parts that use undercutting tools in TrueSolid tool simulation mode.

Using STL ComparisonSTL comparison allows you to check the accuracy of the part model created by Verify against an STL file (a 3D model file). STL comparison is only available in Mastercam Mill and Mastercam Router, and only in TrueSolid Turbo mode when using box-shaped stock.

To enable STL comparison, select the Use TrueSolid and Compare to STL file check boxes in the Verify Options dialog box. After running the verification, you are prompted to select an STL file (unless you have already associated an STL file with the part) before accessing the STL Compare dialog box.


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Figure 6-44: STL Compare dialog box

To view the part model against the geometry contained in the STL file, choose Compare. In addition to the comparison, you can show the machined model and the STL model separately or together.

You can set the colors in the STL Compare dialog box to denote areas on the part where material is being left or where the part is gouged.

Each color represents a range of values for the amount of stock left on the part or removed from the part. For example, the first color can represent material greater than 0.003 left on the part. The next color can represent any material left between 0.003 and 0.002. The horizontal shading boundary near the middle of the dialog box indicates the color used to show zero stock left (a correct toolpath). Values and colors


above this boundary denote areas above the stock; values and colors below this boundary denote areas in the stock.

To change range settings, enter numeric values in the text boxes on the left. To change the color mapped to a range, enter a value in the text box or choose the color palette button and select a color from the Colors dialog box.

Post ProcessingPost processing refers to the process by which the toolpaths in your Mastercam part files are converted to a format that can be understood by your machine tool’s control (for example, G-codes). A special program called a post processor reads the Mastercam file and writes the appropriate NC code. Generally, every machine tool or control requires its own post processor, customized to produce code formatted to meet its exact requirements and user preferences. In addition, you can customize a post processor to reflect job or shop preferences–for example, safety blocks or tolerances.

Post processors have two components.

An executable file such as MP.DLL, which is provided with Mastercam. This is often used “as is.” Custom executables can be developed for advanced applications, as necessary.

A post customization script (.PST) which is used by MP.DLL to customize the post output for your machine tool. It includes format statements, processing logic, miscellaneous integers and custom variable definitions, system variables, and so on. Mastercam includes a wide variety of working posts for common machines and NC controllers, which can be further customized for specific needs.

A single post executable (such as MP.DLL) produces NC output for a wide variety of machines by reading different .PST files. You can use one post executable with one or more .PST files.

Post processors do not read Mastercam part files directly. Instead, Mastercam creates an NCI file as an intermediate file format to be used by the post processor. You can choose to save the NCI files in a text format so that you can review them directly. This can be very useful when customizing posts, debugging post problems, or analyzing problems with the NC code for a particular part, because it lets you see the exact data that the post is reading.

Post Processors and Control/Machine DefinitionsProducing the correct NC code for your machine and application requires properly configured machine definition, control definition, and .PST files.

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The machine definition file (.MMD, .LMD, .RMD, or .WMD) describes the physical capabilities of your machine. These include the linear and rotary axes that are mounted on the machine; the types of linear, rapid, and rotary motion the axes are capable of, including limits; coolant options; axis orientation; tool changers; and spindles, turrets, and chucks.

The selected control definition (.CONTROL) for the machine definition provides information to the post processor about the processing capabilities of the control. These include machining tolerance values; machine cycles and subprograms; feed rate dimensioning; and many other settings. The control definition also includes defaults for file locations, operation defaults files, tool settings and offsets, and other referenced files.

The .PST file reads the information from the machine and control definition and contains the processing logic and format statements to generate the proper G-codes, M-codes and other commands for your machine. It also contains information that Mastercam reads to customize its interface to support the post.

Each control definition includes a list of post processors that have been configured for the control. Use the Machine Definition Manager to select the specific post that will be used with the machine or for a specific job. Mastercam's modular architecture makes it easy to share a single control across multiple machines; define several posts for a single machine; or update components when your equipment changes.

About PST filesThe contents of the .PST file are contained in the following major areas:

Definition area: includes format statements and assignments, variable declarations and initialization, etc.

Postblock area: includes predefined and user-defined postblocks. Postblocks are groups of commands that contain the processing logic.

Post text area: includes data used by Mastercam to customize the interface, allowing you to enter the proper data and parameters to take advantage of your machine's unique capabilities.

When you configure a new control definition to work with a particular .PST file, Mastercam appends another post text area to the .PST file, separated by a header. Through post processor customization, it is possible to support machine tool/controller options you cannot set through Mastercam directly. Contact your Mastercam reseller for more information on post support.


WARNING: Customizing the .PST file is an advanced, sophisticated task that should be attempted only by knowledgeable users or your local Mastercam Reseller. Programs created with incorrect post processor files can cause your machine tool to crash or behave in unpredictable ways. If you have any doubts, please consult your Mastercam Reseller for assistance or more information.

Notes:

• Mastercam also supports binary post processors. These are posts in which the processing logic is encapsulated in a special binary file with a .PSB extension, which cannot be edited in a standard text editor. Post text and similar data can still be written to a separate .PST file, though, using the Control Definition Manager.

• For more information on MP post processors, see the MP Post Processor Reference Guide, available on CD from your Mastercam Reseller.

About NCI FilesEvery toolpath or wirepath operation has an NCI file associated with it. An NCI file is Mastercam's intermediate NC format. It contains all the machining instructions and information for the NC file, but in a generic format common to all machines. The post processor uses the NCI file to create the final NC program for a specific machine or control. The NCI file is the primary input for a Mastercam post processor. In Mastercam X, the NCI file typically contains the toolpaths for an entire machine group.

There are actually two types of NCI files: binary and text NCI files. When you create an operation in a Mastercam file, Mastercam automatically creates a binary NCI file with the same name as the last operation. Mastercam works with these NCI files in the background. You do not work with them directly unless you are writing a post processor or doing other very advanced work.

When you post an operation, you have the option to create and save a text NCI file. This contains the information from the binary NCI file in a text format so you can read it. Use the control definition to tell Mastercam how you want to work with NCI files. Consult your Mastercam Reseller if you need more documentation.

Understanding the NCI data formatThis section introduces the format of a text NCI file. NCI data is arranged in pairs of lines. The first line of each pair is an operation code, or NCI G-code that indicates the type of operation, such as a linear move or a stock definition. (Note that the codes used in the NCI file do not look like the G-codes that you are used to seeing in your NC

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programs, because they have to be machine- and control-independent.) The second line provides parameters used by the NCI code. For example, operation code 1020 defines stock block size and material. It has eight parameters, which appear below it on the second line. The format for this particular NCI code looks like this:

G

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

where 1 = X component, width (stck_ht)

2 = Y component, height (stck_wdth)

3 = Z component, thickness (stck_thck)

4 = X origin of block (stck_x)

5 = Y origin of block (stck_y)

6 = Z origin of block (stck_z)

7 = Origin corner (stck_crnr)

8 = String with the stock material (stck_matl)

In addition, parameter 7 (Origin corner)can be one of the following integers:

0 = top of block, center

1 = top of block, upper left corner

2 = top of block, upper right corner

3 = top of block, lower right corner

4 = top of block, lower left corner

5 = bottom of block, upper left corner

6 = bottom of block, upper right corner

7 = bottom of block, lower right corner

8 = bottom of block, lower left corner

In an actual file, NCI code 1020 might appear as:

1020

1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0. 4 ALUMINUM inch – 6061

This defines a 1x1x1 inch block of stock, made of 6061 aluminum. The stock origin is X0, Y0, Z0; Z0 is the top of the stock model; and X0, Y0 is the lower left corner.

For detailed reference information about NCI codes and formats, see the Mastercam MP Post Reference Guide, which is available from your Mastercam reseller.


Post Processing Toolpath OperationsAll the operations in the Mastercam part file are listed in the Toolpath Manager. Before posting operations, review the machine settings for each machine group. These settings include the name of the post processor and the name of the NC file that will be written.

To create a machine-readable NC program from your Mastercam part file:1 In the Toolpath Manager, select the operations to post. You can select

operations from more than one machine group. All selected operations marked with a check mark will be post processed.

TIP: To access advanced options for selecting operations, right–click in the Toolpath Manager and choose Select. For example, you can select all the operations that use a particular tool, or that cut specific part geometry.

2 Click the Post button in the Toolpath Manager toolbar.

3 In the Post processing dialog box, set the types of files to create and indicate whether you want to view them in a text editor as they are created. You can also choose to send the NC files directly to the machine tool control.

4 Click OK to generate the NC files.

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Disabling/Enabling Posting for Selected Operations

To disable/enable posting for any operation in the Toolpath Manager:1 In the Toolpath Manager, select one or more operations to exclude from post

processing (disable). Use standard Windows selection methods to select multiple operations. All selected operations are marked with a blue check mark.

2 In the Toolpath Manager toolbar, click Toggle posting. The selected operations are marked with the Toggle posting icon, indicating that they are disabled from post processing.

3 To enable post processing for an operation that displays the Toggle posting icon, select it and click Toggle posting again. The icon is removed and post processing is enabled for the selected operation.

Note: Operations for which posting has been disabled are not posted even if they are part of a batch job.

Power User TipsThis section contains overviews of advanced CAM techniques including:

Batch Processing Toolpath Operations (page 465)

Importing Operations (page 468)

Exporting Operations (page 469)

Transforming Operations (page 469)

Trimming Toolpaths (page 473)

Batch Processing Toolpath OperationsBatch processing lets you post a large number of toolpath operations from one or more files at one time, in batch mode. This lets you separate post processing from other Mastercam design and toolpath generation activities and maximize use of your Mastercam system and machine tools.

Use batch files to:

Generate the toolpath operation (that is, the binary NCI file) with or without generating the NC program.


Select toolpath operations for batch processing from any Mastercam file, not just from the current file.

Automatically submit toolpath operations for batch processing by selecting the To batch option on the Toolpath parameters tab.

Create, save, and rerun batch files (.BCH), and edit batch files directly using a file editor.

Automate toolpath regeneration and file saves of batched operations.

Set time limits on batched operations.

Log batch processing operations.

To begin a batch processing job, right-click in the Toolpath Manager and choose Batch. The Batch Toolpath Operations dialog box opens, where you can create and customize the batch job. In this section, you will learn about:

Selecting Files for Batch Processing

Selecting Operations from a Batch File (page 466)

Selecting Batch Operations from Mastercam Files (page 467)

Tagging Operations for Batch Processing (page 467)

Running Batch Jobs (page 467)

Reviewing Batch Processing Log Files (page 468)

Selecting Files for Batch ProcessingThere are two ways to build a list of files for a batch processing job.

Use the Batch Toolpath Operations dialog box to read operations from one or more Mastercam files and add them to a list. Use this method even if the operations you want to include are in the current Mastercam file. Operations can be tagged for batch processing so that they are automatically added to the batch list when you select their source file.

Open a batch file, which contains the list of operations to be processed and their source files.

You can use the Batch Toolpath Operations dialog box to combine both methods. This means that you can open a batch file, and then add operations from other Mastercam files. You can then choose whether or not to save the new list to the batch file, create a new batch file, or just run the job.

Selecting Operations from a Batch FileOpen the Batch Toolpath Operations dialog box by right-clicking in the Toolpath Manager and choosing Batch. Click on the Open button in the Batch file section:

Select the desired batch file (.BCH). The operations appear in the list, along with the name of the Mastercam file they are found in.


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Note: When you open a batch file, its contents overwrite whatever is already in the window. You can only list the contents of one batch file at a time.

If you do not want to add any other operations to the list from the batch file, you can click OK now to run the job.

Selecting Batch Operations from Mastercam FilesOnce a Mastercam file has been saved, its operations are available for batch processing. If you want to include operations from the current file, you must save the file before the operations will be available.

Click on the Open button in the Source file section:

Any operations that have been tagged with the To batch option will automatically appear in the batch file list (unless you have disabled this feature in the Advanced properties). You can add other operations to the list by selecting them and clicking the red arrow.

Tagging Operations for Batch ProcessingYou can choose to tag an operation for batch processing by selecting the To batch option in the Toolpath parameters tab for the operation:

Operations that have been tagged for batch processing appear in the Toolpath Manager with a special icon. These operations can not be regenerated like normal operations in the Toolpath Manager. They can only be regenerated when a batch job is being run. Also, they cannot be transformed.

To remove the batch tag from an operation, edit its Toolpath parameters and de-select the To batch option. Then regenerate the operation. You can add the operation to a batch job by selecting it manually.

Running Batch JobsWhen you run a batch job, Mastercam opens each file which has an operation in the batch list. You can set whether or not the operations are automatically regenerated. Each operation is posted according to the settings and preferences recorded in the machine group and machine definition saved in each Mastercam file. This means that a batch job can contain toolpaths from different machines or which reference different post processors. As each operation is processed, Mastercam will write the NC code to the file specified in the machine group properties for the operation, so that a single batch job can result in many NC files.


Note: Batch processing is not available in Mastercam Wire.

TIPS:

• Save the Mastercam file before opening the Batch Toolpath Operations dialog box. It reads the toolpaths from Mastercam files on your hard drive, not from system memory, so until the current file is saved, it does not know about its toolpaths.

• Operation types whose toolpath cannot be regenerated (for example, Trimmed toolpaths) cannot be processed in batch mode.

• Operations tagged for batch processing cannot be transformed.• Operations tagged for batch processing are not regenerated when you

regenerate operations in the Toolpath Manager. They can only be regenerated during batch processing.

• If you clear the To batch toolpath parameter on an existing operation, the operation must be regenerated.

Reviewing Batch Processing Log FilesMastercam automatically maintains two logs for each batch file that you create:

batch_name.log records every instance of the batch file being run.

batch_name.err records every action Mastercam takes when it processes the job. Check this log when a batch job fails to complete properly to see exactly what Mastercam was doing when the job failed.

Mastercam saves them in the same directory as your batch files (typically, /mcamx/batch). Use any text editor to open them.

Importing OperationsYou can import saved operations to the current Mastercam file, with or without their geometry. Import these operations from a previously created operations library.

You can also automatically recalculate feeds and speeds based on the current job setup, put the operations in specific tool and construction planes, and check for and eliminate duplicate tools.

Click the operation to select it for import. Mastercam marks selected operations with a blue check mark. Press [Ctrl] and click to select multiple operations or to deselect an operation. Press [Shift] and click to select a range. Choose OK to import the selected operations.


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Notes:

• If you have imported only the operation’s parameters, the operations in the Toolpath Manager will be marked for regeneration.

• If you import parameters without geometry, the operation will be marked dirty. You can assign the parameters to other geometry in your current file and then regenerate the toolpath.

Guidelines for Importing Toolpath Operations

When you are importing toolpath operations and you choose to import the operation’s geometry, choose an origin (0,0) point for the imported operations. You can import the operations multiple times by continuing to choose origin points. Press [Esc] to return to Toolpath Manager and view imported operations in the operations list.

You must import a file that contains compatible operations to the type you are creating. Compatible operations contain similar types of geometry. The following list shows which toolpath types are compatible:

Contour, pocket, facing, ruled, revolution, swept 2D, swept 3D, Coons, loft – use chains for geometry.

Drill, point, circle mill, thread mill, auto drill – use points for geometry.

All surface toolpaths – use surfaces as geometry.

Exporting OperationsYou can easily export operations from the current Mastercam file to an operations library. Export these operations with or without their geometry.

You can also automatically check for and exclude duplicate tools from the exported operations.

Click the operation to select it for export. Mastercam marks selected operations with a blue check mark. Press [Ctrl] and click to select multiple operations or to deselect an operation. Press [Shift] and click to select a range. Choose OK to export the selected operations.

Transforming OperationsUse the Transform toolpaths function from the Toolpath menu to run the same toolpaths in different locations or at different orientations in the same part file. You


can transform single toolpaths, or several at a time. Consider using transform toolpaths when you want to:

Cut multiple copies of a part on several fixtures. You can then assign different work offsets to each separate operation created by the transform.

Cut the same feature at several locations in a part. You can choose to run each operation created by the transform at a specific coordinate distance from the original, or rotate the copies around a center point.

Cut the same feature on different faces of a part, or a tombstone application. You can also rotate a toolpath through a plane other than the original toolplane. In addition to changing the orientation of the toolpath, you can add a coordinate translation, too.

Cut a mirror image of a part, in either the same plane or a different one.

When you transform a toolpath, you can choose to maintain an associative link between the original operation and the source operation, or you can create new operations that are entirely separate. You can also choose to create copies of the original geometry at the new locations.

When you click on the Parameters icon for a transform operation, you will see the Transform parameters dialog box tabs, not the parameters for an individual toolpath. You can then edit the transformation settings, or change it to an entirely different type of transformation. A single transform operation can include multiple source operations. Transform operations are associative; this means that if you make a change to either of the source operations or their geometry, the transform operation will be marked dirty until you regenerate it.

Instead of creating a transform operation, you can choose to create copies of the source operation (and optionally, its geometry). If this option had been chosen in the above example, instead of the single Transform by Toolplane operation, you would see additional drill or slot milling operations in the Toolpath Manager. If you click on the Parameters icon for these new operations, you will see toolpath parameter settings, not transform settings. You can then edit or customize each of the individual copies if you wish. These new operations are not associative; if you change the original toolpaths, the new operations will not be marked dirty.

Note: The transformed operations will be written to the active machine group (where the red arrow is in the Toolpath Manager), even if the source operations are from a different machine group. Make sure the transformed operations are compatible with the machine and control definition in the destination machine group.

Use the Transform Operations Parameters dialog box to begin creating a transform operation.


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Figure 6-45: Transform Operations Parameters dialog box

Select the source operations, the type of transform, and how you want to organize the toolpaths which result. After you select the type of transformation, choose only one of the remaining dialog box tabs (Translate, Rotate, Mirror) to complete the operation. For example, if you choose a Rotate transformation, the Translate and Mirror tabs are unavailable.


Selecting Operations to Transform (page 471)

Choosing Transformation Types (page 472)

Organizing Transform Operations (page 472)

Associating Work Offsets (page 472)

Selecting Operations to TransformUse the large window in the center of the dialog box to select the operations to transform. You can choose several operations by holding down the [Ctrl] key and clicking all the operations you want to select.

Note: Transformed operations are created in the current machine group (indicated by the position of the insert arrow in the Toolpath Manager).


You can select operations from different machine groups, but because each machine group can have a different machine associated with it, verify that the transformed operation can be run in the destination machine group.

Choosing Transformation TypesUse the Type and Methods tab to determine how you will transform the selected operations.

Select Translate to run the operations at a new location; for example, cutting multiple copies of the same part at different fixtures on the table. Select this option also when you want to run the same operation in a different plane; for example, cutting a contour on each side of a block.

Select Rotate to run the operation at an angle to the original operation. You can choose to rotate the operation in the same plane as the original operation, or through a different plane.

Select Mirror to create a mirror image of the selected operations. Like Rotate, you can mirror the operation in the same plane or in a different one.

Next, choose the transformation method.

Choose Tool plane if the transformed operations will be in a different orientation than the original and you want the tool axis to transform along with the operation. You typically select this option if you are transforming operations to different views. This also activates the Work offset numbering section, so that you can output a different work offset with each new Tplane.

Choose Coordinate to compute new coordinates for the transformed operation in the same Tplane as the original operation.

Organizing Transform OperationsChoose the types of operations you want to create with the transform operations function. You can choose to create transform operations, new toolpath operations, or both. In general, transform operations maintain associativity with the original operations, but new toolpath operations will let you individually edit each individual toolpath. In addition, this option will copy the toolpath geometry to each transform location.

Associating Work OffsetsFor some types of transformations (such as tool plane and rotate), you can choose to associate different work offsets with each transformed operation. The Work offset numbering options will be activated automatically when you choose a transform type which supports them.


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Choose Off if you do not want to output any offset code, or choose Maintain source operation's to use the same offset as the original toolpath. You can also choose to assign a different offset to each new operation, based on the values you enter here. If you choose Match existing offsets, Mastercam checks to see if an offset has already been created which matches a particular transform, before it automatically creates a new one.

Trimming ToolpathsA trim operation is a special type of operation which lets you select one or more toolpaths and trim them to one or more closed chains. Trim operations are similar to containment boundaries or check surfaces, but can be more flexible because:

They let you select a Cplane or view that you can trim relative to.

You can trim any type of toolpath in addition to surface toolpaths.

You can trim more than one toolpath with the same trim operation.

When you create a trim operation, Mastercam stores it in the Toolpath Manager like any other operation. It also keeps the original source operation, marking it with a special trim icon.

The trim operation and source operations are associative with each other, which means you can edit the parameters for each operation separately and update the other operation by regenerating it. When you post, you only select the source toolpaths, you do not post the Trimmed operation itself.

To create a trim operation, follow this general outline:

First, create the source toolpaths and the trim geometry. Note that Mastercam will trim the toolpath right to the trim geometry, without regard to cutter compensation, so you might offset the trim geometry from the desired boundary by the width of the tool. The trim geometry needs to be a closed contour, but it does not have to be at the same Z-depth as the part geometry or tool moves; Mastercam will project it in the trim operation's Cplane onto the toolpath to calculate the intersections with the toolpath.

Select Toolpaths, Trim toolpath from the menu. You will be prompted to select the boundary chains, and then a point (called a bias point) which tells Mastercam on which side of the boundary you want to keep the tool movements. For example, if you were trying to contain a toolpath inside a circle, click anywhere inside the circle.

Use the Trimmed dialog box to select the toolpaths to trim. You can also edit or reselect the bias point. Choose the T/C Plane button to select a different Cplane to use as the trimming plane, if desired. The Cplane you select determines how Mastercam calculates the intersection of the boundary geometry and the toolpath.


Choose OK in the Trimmed dialog box to complete the operation. Both the original operation and the trim operation appear in the Toolpath Manager. When you are ready to cut the part, you only choose the source operation for post processing. If you delete the trim operation, you must regenerate the original toolpath.

Tips for Trimming ToolpathsWhen creating a trimmed toolpath or wirepath, keep the following tips in mind:

Arcs perpendicular to the trimming plane (construction plane) are not trimmed. To adjust for this condition, the trimming plane should be rotated 90 degrees to a plane parallel to the arc’s plane.

You should backplot the toolpath to be trimmed to check the placement of the trimming boundaries. Fit the trimming boundaries to the screen before backplotting to see an overlaying image.

Trimming in the 3D Cplane calculates only actual 3D intersections of the trimming boundaries and the toolpath.

A maximum of 50 trimming boundaries may be defined.

Avoid using splines as trimming boundaries. If splines must be used as trimming boundaries, they should be broken into a number of smaller splines or preferably lines or arcs using one of the Break functions (choose Edit, Trim/Break from the menu).

Trimming does not incorporate any cutter compensation. Trimming entities should be created to reflect the center line of the cutter.

chapter 7

Toolpath TypesMastercam includes an extensive number of intelligent toolpath functions you can use to quickly build toolpaths for specific applications. Your ability to access toolpath types and features depends on both your license level and the capabilities of the active machine and control definition. Most of the Mastercam Mill toolpaths described in this section are also available if your installation includes Mastercam Router and the appropriate Plus or Pro license, or Mastercam Lathe for mill/turn applications.

In this chapter, you will learn about the different toolpath types you can create in Mastercam, including:

Mill and Router Toolpaths (page 475)

Additional Router Toolpaths (page 523)

Surface Toolpaths (page 533)

Multiaxis Toolpaths (page 628)

Lathe Toolpaths (page 693)

Nesting and Engraving Toolpaths (page 722)

Notes:

• If your Mastercam installation includes Mastercam Wire, you can also create toolpaths (wirepaths) for EDM machines. For more information, refer to the “Mastercam X4 Wire Getting Started Guide” PDF located in your Mastercam installation \Documentation folder.

• If Mastercam Art is installed, you can create Art toolpaths for your Art models using the Art, Toolpath Art Base Surface function from the Mastercam menu. For more information, refer to the online Help or contact your local Mastercam Reseller.

Mill and Router ToolpathsMastercam Mill has several types of toolpaths that you can create on wireframe, surface, and solid geometry. In this section, you will learn more about creating different types of Mastercam Mill toolpaths, including:


Feature Based Machining (FBM) (page 477)

2D High Speed Toolpaths (page 485)

Contour Toolpaths (page 492)

Circle Toolpaths (page 500)

Drill Toolpaths (page 505)

Pocket Toolpaths (page 514)

Wireframe Toolpaths (page 516)

Specialized Toolpaths (page 521)

You can create these toolpath types with 2- or 3-axis mills, including those with two linear axes plus one rotary axis. When chaining geometry for these toolpaths, you can select either wireframe geometry or the edges/faces of solids.

To drive tools along surface geometry, use surface toolpaths. You can also use wireframe toolpaths to simulate surface machining with wireframe geometry, or you can create curves along surfaces or their boundaries and chain those.

Use multiaxis toolpaths when your tool has 4 or 5 programmable axes and the operation requires this type of tool motion.

Note: Mills that support multiaxis toolpaths also support the other types of toolpaths described in this section.

TIPS:

• When working with toolpaths, you can use functions to transform, trim, or wrap the toolpath around a cylinder with axis substitution.

• To wrap the toolpath, choose the Rotary axis check box and button in the Toolpath Parameters tab for the selected operation.

• For more information on how to transform or trim operations, see “Transforming Operations” on page 469 and “Trimming Toolpaths” on page 473.

TOOLPATH TYPES / Mill and Router Toolpaths • 477

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Feature Based Machining (FBM)Features define a solid part's topology. They describe the part's physical properties including its faces, and the shape, size, and location of holes, slots, pockets, bosses and other characteristics.

Mastercam's feature based machining (FBM) eliminates the manual processes involved in identifying features for programming milling and drilling operations on solid parts. Based on parameters you define, FBM analyzes the part for specific feature types and automatically creates the individual toolpaths needed to machine selected features. FBM toolpath operations are available from the Toolpaths menu; they include FBM Drill and FBM Mill.

FBM uses the information derived from the part's features in combination with the machine group's stock definition. With this information and the guidelines you define for the FBM operation type Mastercam performs the following tasks:

detects all features for the selected FBM operations type, based on your selection criteria

intelligently designs an effective machining strategy

selects the appropriate tools, either from your preferred tools list, from libraries you specify, or from the MCX file (you can also allow Mastercam to create tools as needed, and configure FBM Drill operations to map specific tools to specific hole features)

creates and assigns boundaries needed to drive or constrain tools

automatically generates all of the toolpaths necessary to machine the features when you accept the FBM operation and close the dialog box

The Features page lists all of the identified machining features for review. You can selectively modify or remove features from the list before accepting the operation and generating toolpaths.


Figure 7-1: FBM Mill Features page sample:

After creating FBM-generated toolpaths, you can easily change parameters in the FBM parent operation and regenerate all of the toolpaths. You can also make customizations to the generated toolpaths before posting.

Associativity is maintained between the FBM parent operation, and the generated toolpaths. FBM Drill also maintains associativity with the solid model. Mastercam notifies you when any of these associative entities have been modified, marking them as “dirty.”

TIP: If you customize any FBM-generated toolpaths, do so only when you are sure that you will not regenerate the FBM parent operation. Any customization is overwritten when the FBM-generated toolpaths are recreated.

FBM Requirements

Mastercam Mill Level 1 or Mastercam Router and higher

Mill or Router machine definition selected from the Machine Type menu

At least one solid part model in the current .MCX file. For use with FBM Drill, the model must have one or more hole features. FBM Mill requires one or


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more open, closed, or through pockets with flat floors and straight walls (90 degrees)

(FBM Mill only) Stock model defined in the Machine Group Properties, Stock Setup tab

FBM Drill

Use FBM Drill to automatically detect holes in a solid based on your specified criteria and generate a complete series of drilling and chamfering operations for the detected features. FBM Drill can also generate circle mill or helix bore operations for large-hole features when you activate the Hole milling function.

Hole detection criteria includes holes that are blind, through, co-axial, and split between faces. FBM Drill also reads hole data from solids

created with the SolidWorks® Hole Wizard®.

You can choose to group FBM-generated drilling operations by tool or by plane. Use other FBM Drill options to define deep drilling, spot drilling, and pre-drilling operation parameters.

You control the tool selection by using tools already in the .MCX file, choosing a tool library, and allowing Mastercam to create tools, when necessary. When you activate hole mapping for the FBM Drill operation, Mastercam uses data in the selected hole mapping file to automatically assign specific tools to specific hole features (as defined by diameter and hole type).

In the Features page, you can review the detected features list and edit or delete features before generating a complete series of drill operations for the selected features

FBM Drill generates a series of individual drill and hole milling operations that are listed in the Toolpath Manager, nested under the parent FBM Drill operation.

You can change parameters in the FBM parent operation and regenerate all of the toolpaths. You can also make customizations to the generated toolpaths before posting.

Associativity is maintained between the solid model, the FBM Drill parent operation, and its generated toolpaths.

Mastercam notifies you when any of these associative entities have been modified by marking the model and operations as “dirty.”

Note: The drill cycles used in each operation are determined by the cycle stored with each tool definition. Mastercam uses only cycles that have been enabled in the active control definition on the Machine Cycles page.


Tips for Working in the Hole Mapping PageUse the following guidelines when working in the Hole Mapping page:

Creating new entries—To create a hole map entry, right-click in the table and select Add, or click the Create new hole definition button located below the table. Enter a value in the Diameter field. Then press the [Tab] key to advance to the next two columns and choose a Hole Type and Finish Tool from the drop-down lists.

Identifying tool sources—The tools in the Finish Tool drop-down list are based on the hole diameter and hole type you entered, and on the tool selection parameters in the Tools page. The three-character prefix in the finish tool list indicates that the tool is from one of the following tool sources:

MCX – Mastercam part file

LIB – Selected tool library

XLS – Created for the operation using FBM’s standard tool definitions file. FBM uses the tool definitions in this file to create new tools if your automatic tool selection settings on the Tools page include Create as needed. It is used exclusively if Create only standard sizes is also selected on that page.

Modifying entries—To change information for an existing entry, click in the column. Then enter or choose a new value.

Deleting entries—To delete an entry in the table, use the cursor to select the row. Then press the [Delete] key, or right-click and choose Delete.

Saving to a named hole mapping file—To save the existing file, click the Save button. The Save as dialog box opens where you can enter the file name. Assigning the MCX part file name to the MAP file makes it easier to associate MAP files with specific applications. Make sure the Save as type is set to MAP files (*.MAP). The file will be saved in the Mastercam installation's \Common\FBM directory.

Loading a hole mapping file—To select a different hole mapping file, choose it from the file drop-down list. The list contains all MAP files that exist in the Mastercam installation's \Common\FBM directory.

Sorting hole map data—To sort hole mapping entries in ascending/descending order by any column in the table, click in the column heading. To reverse the sort order, click again.


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Navigating—Use the [Tab] key to move between columns. Use the up and down arrow keys to move the cursor between rows. The [Page up] and [Page Down] keys positions the cursor in first and last rows, respectively.

Selecting rows—Use [Shift+click] and [Ctrl+click] methods to select more than one row. Or, use the Select all and Unselect all buttons.

Tips for Working in the FBM Drill Features PageUse the following guidelines when working in the FBM Drill Features page.

Sorting the list—Click in any column heading to sort the list in ascending/descending order by the column data. To reverse the sort order, click again.

Selecting more than one feature—Use [Shift+click] and [Ctrl+click] methods. Or, use the Select all and Unselect all buttons. Other selection options for common features and co-axial holes are described below.

Selecting all co-axial hole features—Activate the Select co-axial features check box to automatically select all co-axial holes in the list (multiple holes that share a common axis).

Selecting all features with the same attributes (for example, hole type, diameter, tool plane, and finish tool)—Activate the Select common features check box. Then click the button to access the Feature selection filter dialog box. Select all of the attributes that you want to match in the list and click OK. Mastercam automatically selects all holes in the list that match your selection filter.

Changing the hole type, tool plane, or finish tool—Select one or more features. Then right-click in the corresponding column (Hole type, Plane, Finish tool) and choose one from the list.

Locating hole features—Use one of the following methods:

Choose the Select button to return to the graphics window and select hole features in the solid model. When you end selection and return to the Features page, all selected holes are highlighted in the list.

Select one or more features in the list to highlight its geometry including wireframe face geometry and show the normal direction in the graphics window. After selecting features in the list, choose the Hide dialog button to minimize the FBM Drill dialog box and get a better view of the graphics window. Press [Esc] when finished to maximize the dialog box.

Suppressing features—Select one or more features in the list. Then right-click and choose Suppress. No toolpaths are created for suppressed features. However, when


FBM Drill generates toolpaths for unsuppressed features, it considers suppressed feature data when calculating incremental clearance and retract moves.

Deleting holes—Select one or more holes in the list. Then press the [Delete] key, or choose Delete from the right-click menu.

Resolving machining conflicts for holes that cannot be created—Try choosing a different Finish tool, changing the Hole type, or resetting FBM Drill parameters and then re-detecting holes.

Importing SolidWorks® Hole Wizard® information—If you are working with an imported SolidWorks part and you have SolidWorks installed on your local PC, you can read SolidWorks Hole Wizard data into the list. Choose the Open SolidWorks file button and select the SolidWorks part file.

In the background, Mastercam runs SolidWorks and extracts the Hole Wizard information. The features list updates with the imported information. The State column changes for all holes updated by the SolidWorks Hole Wizard.

FBM Mill

FBM Mill analyzes a solid part, detects all machining features in a specified plane, and automatically generates all of the 2D milling toolpaths necessary to completely machine the selected features.

From a common set of parameters, FBM Mill creates the following types of 2D toolpaths:

roughing and restmill

separate finish toolpaths for walls and floors (optional)

facing if stock in the Z axis is above the top of the part (optional)

2D contour, ramp contour and remachining contour for slug cutting (optional)

Helix bore or Circle mill for round through hole milling (optional)

outside contours if the stock extends beyond the part in the X and Y axes (optional)

You control the tool selection by using tools already in the .MCX file, pre-defining up to 10 preferred tools per operation type, choosing a tool library, and allowing Mastercam to create tools, when necessary.

FBM Mill machines closed, open, nested, and through pockets. For complex nested pockets, Mastercam creates a separate zone for each depth and creates the boundaries required to machine it. In the following example, 6 zones were created and machined separately.


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Figure 7-2: FBM Mill Pocket Zone Example

FBM Mill-generated 2D milling operations are listed in the Toolpath Manager, nested under the parent FBM Mill operation.

You can easily change parameters in the FBM parent operation and regenerate all of the toolpaths. You can also make customizations to the generated toolpaths before posting. Associativity is maintained between the FBM parent operation, and the generated toolpaths. Mastercam notifies you when any of these associative entities have been modified, marking the operations as “dirty.”

Note: Currently, FBM Mill detects only pockets with flat floors and straight walls in a single plane.

Slug Cutting SupportFBM Mill provides support for cutting slugs in through pockets. When you activate these options in the Slug cutting page, FBM Mill switches from pocketing to contour machining based on the size of the area where the material is being removed. This might be desirable when working with wood and composite materials on large vacuum table machines.

Instead of pocketing the entire area, FBM Mill uses the parameters you define to generate a contour toolpath that cuts the outermost passes of the profile, leaving behind a slug that is held in place by the vacuum table.

FBM Mill-Generated Toolpaths From a common set of parameters, FBM Mill creates all of the 2D toolpaths necessary to machine the features it detects in a solid model.

The following table shows the relationship between detected features and the types of toolpaths that FBM Mill generates to machine them.


The types of toolpaths created for each zone appear in the highlighted (gray) section of the table. In the Toolpath Manager, Mastercam creates a separate toolpath group for each zone and its FBM Mill-generated toolpaths.

Table 1: FBM Mill-generated toolpaths

Feature Type FBM Mill-generated toolpath

Facinga (top of part)

a. Must activate Enable facing in the Cut parameters – Facing page, and the top of stock must be higher than the top of the part in the Z-axis. Facing toolpaths are generated only for Rectangular or Cylindrical stock model (define in the Machine Group Properties, Stock Setup tab).

Face

Open pockets 2D High speed Core mill (roughing)

2D High speed Restmill (if activated by stock to leave)

Closed pockets (excluding hole milling or slug cutting)

2D High speed Area mill (roughing)

2D High speed Restmill (if activated by stock to leave)

Feature walls (finishing) Pocket (standard or open)

Feature floors (finishing)

2D High speed Core mill (open pockets)

2D High speed Area mill (closed pockets)

Through pockets selected for slug cutting

2D Contour or Ramp contour (roughing/finishing passes)

Remachining contour (restmill passes)

Note: You define these toolpath types in the Slug cutting page.

Round through hole features selected for hole milling

Helix bore or Circle Mill(defined in the Hole Milling page)

Outside part profileb

b. Must activate the Rough outside of part or Finish outside of part check boxes in the Setup page.

2D Contour


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Notes:

• FBM Mill generates one face toolpath and one outside contour toolpath per FBM Mill operation if the stated conditions are met.

• Use the FBM Mill parameters pages to control the types of toolpaths FBM Mill generates for your part

2D High Speed ToolpathsMastercam's 2D high speed toolpaths are specially designed to produce the smoothest, most efficient tool motions, optimized for high speed and hard milling.

These toolpaths are available for use in a 2D environment with Mill Level 1 or higher.

To begin creating a 2D high speed toolpath: 1 Choose a Mill or Router machine definition from the Machine Type menu.

2 Choose Toolpaths, 2D High Speed.

3 Mastercam displays the Chaining dialog box and prompts you to select the first chain for the toolpath. Select one or more chains of entities in the graphics window, based on the toolpath requirements. Then choose OK to close the dialog box and continue.

4 Choose a machining strategy in the Toolpath type page.

5 Use the additional properties pages to enter the toolpath parameters and complete the toolpath. For more information on each properties page, click the Help button at the bottom of each page.

2D High Speed Dynamic Mill2D high speed dynamic mill toolpaths utilize the entire flute length of their cutting tools to produce the smoothest, most efficient tool motion for high speed pocketing and core milling


This toolpath supports many powerful entry methods including a custom entry method, all designed to simplify the programming of complex pocket and standing core shapes.

Micro lifts on back moves further refine the dynamic milling motion and avoid excessive heat build up.

Entry methods and the micro lifts support custom feeds and speeds to optimize and generate safe tool motion. Dynamic mill's flexible retract options support keeping the tool down in smaller parts, and rapid retract on in larger parts.


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2D High Speed Core Mill2D high speed core mill toolpaths generate the free-flowing motion needed to machine features, such as standing bosses and cores, in a single operation.

This toolpath requires two chains. The outside chain represents the stock boundary, allowing the toolpath to move freely outside this area. The inner chain defines the limit of the toolpath.

The toolpath starts from the outside and works its way in towards the inner boundary.


Each step takes on the final shape of the part as it steps over while approaching the final pass.

Climb (or conventional) motion is maintained, and the transitions between cuts utilize efficient high speed methods.

2D High Speed Peel Mill2D high speed peel mill toolpaths allow for efficient constant climb milling between two selected contours or along a single contour. This toolpath uses a trochoidal style of motion with accelerated “back” feed moves when the tool is not engaged in material. For single chains, you define the width of the cut. Otherwise, the width is defined by the area between the two contours.


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Figure 7-3: Peel mill toolpath examples: between two contours and along a single contour

When cutting hardened material, use the peel mill toolpath to make many fast, shallow cuts, rather than using a straight toolpath to make fewer slow, deep cuts. This technique avoids burying the tool, easing the cutter into and out of the material.

Note: This toolpath incorporates and enhances functionality formerly found in the Mastercam Tslot and Tslot2 C-Hooks.


2D High Speed Blend Mill2D high speed blend mill toolpaths morph smoothly between two open chains. You can create the toolpath along or across the selected chains, generating the best motion for the application.

This machining strategy supports the full depth of the cutting tool, utilizing more of the cutter's flute length and resulting in less cycle time and tool wear.

2D High Speed Area Mill2D high speed area mill toolpaths machine pockets using a smooth clean motion. Helical entries and tangent stepovers create efficient motion for your machine tools.


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Cut parameters let you control smoothing to create the best toolpath, avoiding sharp corners or direction changes.

2D High Speed Rest Mill2D high speed rest mill toolpaths target material other toolpaths leave behind. Options in the Transition page let you set helical or vertical arcs entries to ensure that the tool safely approaches leftover material. You can choose to output the helical entries as 3D arc moves.

Use smoothing options in the Cut parameters page to round the corners of the toolpath. This lets the machine tool maintain a higher feed rate, resulting in longer tool life and less wear.

An optional setting allows you to use core mill style passes (begin outside and move in).


The Arc Filter/Tolerance page has additional settings you can use to further refine the toolpath motion.

Contour ToolpathsUse contour toolpaths to drive the tool along a path. This toolpath type is appropriate for both roughing and finishing applications. Contour toolpaths remove material along a path defined by a chain of curves; they do not clean out an enclosed area. You can also cut the contour in depth cuts and/or multiple passes in the cutting plane, and create remachining operations.

When creating contour toolpaths, you can select an unlimited number of chains for each toolpath, creating either 2D or 3D contour toolpaths.

2D contour toolpaths cut geometry in a single plane (typically XY) at a constant depth (Z), although you can create multiple passes at different depths. Mastercam automatically selects this type if all the geometry lies in the same plane.

3D contour toolpaths cut geometry in XY and Z, where the Z depth can vary over the toolpath. Use this type if the geometry for each cutting pass is not contained within a single plane.

To begin creating a contour toolpath, choose Contour from the Toolpaths menu. After chaining geometry and selecting a tool, use the Cut parameters page to choose a


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contour type and enter values for different cutting parameters and compensation options.

Use the pages nested below the Cut parameters page to activate and configure advanced toolpath features. These let you create lead in/out moves, depth cuts, multiple cutting passes, and tabs.

Chaining Contour ToolpathsYou can chain 2D geometry, 3D geometry, or a combination of 2D and 3D geometry for contour toolpaths. Chaining 2D geometry generates a 2D contour toolpath. Mastercam automatically defaults the Contour type to 2D if you chain only 2D geometry.

If you chain 3D geometry or a combination of 2D and 3D geometry, you can choose to create either a 2D or 3D contour toolpath.

2D chaining contours offset and flatten 3D geometry to an absolute depth, relative to the construction plane.

3D chaining contours offset 3D geometry with depths matching the chains, and then add the incremental depth value.


Chamfer Contour ToolpathsUse this toolpath type to cut a chamfer around a contour as a stand-alone operation. For example, to cut a contour 30mm deep with a 2mm chamfer, create one toolpath to cut the contour to the desired depth. Then create a separate contour chamfer toolpath to place the 2mm chamfer.

To begin creating a chamfer toolpath, choose Contour from the Toolpaths menu. After chaining geometry and selecting a tool, select 2D chamfer or 3D chamfer from the Contour type drop list in the Cut parameters page (Mastercam selects 2D or 3D automatically, depending on the chained geometry). Then set the chamfer dimensions in the fields provided.

Typically when creating a chamfer toolpath, you will set the Depth (on the Linking parameters page) to 0.0 relative to the chained geometry and let Mastercam calculate the tool depth from the chamfer dimensions. Enter a non-zero depth, (+) or (-), only if you want to locate the top of the chamfer at a distance from the chained geometry.

IMPORTANT: You must select one of the following tool types when creating a chamfer toolpath; otherwise a warning message displays and the toolpath is rejected:

• Bull-nose cutter• Ball (spherical) cutter• Chamfer mill

Ramp Contour Toolpaths Use ramp contour toolpaths to transition smoothly between depth cuts by creating a continuous ramp instead of individual plunge cuts. You can ramp by a set angle, by a set depth, or plunge directly between depth cuts. This technique is especially useful in high speed machining.


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Note: Contour ramping is available for only 2D contour toolpaths.

To begin creating a ramp contour toolpath, choose Contour from the Toolpaths menu. After chaining geometry and selecting a tool, choose Ramp from the Contour type drop list in the Cut parameters page. Then set the chamfer dimensions in the fields provided.

Remachining Contour Toolpaths:Remachining calculates areas where the roughing tool could not machine the stock and creates a second toolpath to clear the remaining material. Slightly different options are available depending on whether you are remachining a contour or pocket toolpath. You can choose three methods to calculate how much stock the new toolpath will remove:

The stock left by all previous operations

The stock left by the most recent previous operation

The size of the roughing tool. Use this method when the roughing operation is not included in the current part file; Mastercam will figure out how much stock would be left based on the size of a roughing tool that you enter.

The tolerance value also affects the toolpath. A low tolerance creates a more accurate toolpath. For remachining, a low tolerance may result in more areas being machined. If you type the tolerance value information into one value field, the other value field automatically recalculates. (For pocket toolpaths, use the Advanced dialog box to set the remachining tolerance.)

If you choose the Display stock option, Mastercam will lead you through a series of previews which display the calculated stock to be removed and how much of that stock would be removed with the current remachining settings.

Notes:

• If you base a remachining operation on a previous operation, and then change the order of the operations in the Toolpath Manager so that the remachining operation is before the roughing operation, the remachining operation will not be able to correctly calculate the area of the roughing operation.

• Do not use compensation in control with remachining operations.

• Contour remachining “keep tool down” moves between remachining passes are not gouge checked! Take the necessary precautions to eliminate the risk of gouging. This applies only for contour remachining toolpaths, and only if you choose the option to “keep tool down” for depth cuts or multiple passes.


Oscillating Contour ToolpathsAdding oscillation in the Z axis along your contour toolpaths uses more of the cutting length of the tool, and can reduce tool wear in that axis. This is especially useful when cutting thinner materials or laminated materials such as kitchen counter tops. Mastercam provides an oscillation strategy for its mill and router contour toolpaths.

When creating a contour toolpath, you can add an oscillation strategy by selecting Oscillate as the Contour type in the Cut parameters page.

Then use the fields provided to define your strategy. You can choose a linear (zigzag) or a smoother highspeed (sine-curve style) oscillation movement. You also define the maximum Z depth and the distance along the contour for the oscillating tool movement.

Notes:

• The Top of stock that you enter in the Linking parameters tab sets the maximum Z height for the oscillating contour toolpath. However, the tool will not exceed the maximum Z depth that you specify in the Cut parameters page.

• The Distance along contour determines how far the tool moves in X or Y before changing direction in the Z axis.

• If you edit the operation and modify the tool, Mastercam automatically verifies that the flute length of the tool is sufficient. A message warns you if the flute length is less than the overall oscillation distance.

Onion Skin Contour Toolpaths:Available only with Mastercam Nesting. Small parts can present a problem on a CNC router if the area of the final piece being produced is not big enough to maintain adequate vacuum (and keep the part from moving) during a cut. A strategy commonly referred to as “onion skinning” offers a solution. Mastercam Nesting provides intelligent onion skin options in the Toolpath Nesting dialog box, Additions tab to support this strategy. When you choose the Onion skin check box in this tab, Mastercam automatically adds an onion skin final return cut for the original contour operation.

Note: For more information on creating onion skin contour toolpaths, refer to the Mastercam Help.


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Creating Tabs for Contour ToolpathsFor some contour toolpaths, you may need to create and use tabs, for example, when you are cutting out small parts, multiple parts, or nested parts. Tabs are uncut areas of a contour toolpath that assist in holding down a part. While the tool is cutting the contour, it retracts at the tab location to leave a small amount of stock, and then plunges back to the normal cutting depth.

When you define mill and router contour toolpaths, to create tabs, first select the Tabs page. Then select the Tabs check box and enter parameters in the fields provided.

Figure 7-4: Example: Tabs page

Mastercam also provides options for editing and cutting off the tabs. Use the procedures below to learn more about:

Creating tabs


Editing Tabs (page 499)

To create tabs for a mill or router contour toolpath:1 In the Tabs page, activate tabs for the toolpath by selecting the Tabs check

box,

2 Then use the Tab Position section to set one of the following methods that the toolpath will use to locate the tabs along the contour.

To create tabs equally spaced along the contour, choose one of the following options:

Automatic - specify number of tabs: After choosing this option, enter the number of tabs to create. Mastercam evenly divides the distance along the contour to define the spacing, and creates the specified number of tabs.

Automatic - max distance between tabs. After choosing this option, enter the maximum distance you want between tabs. Mastercam calculates and creates the fewest number of tabs that can be evenly spaced along the contour without exceeding the maximum distance parameter.

Notes:

• If a tab position will overlap a corner, the tab will wrap around it.

• Additional options let you specify a size threshold for creating tabs, so that Mastercam creates only tabs that meet or exceed the dimensions you define. This avoids creating tabs for smaller parts where they are not necessary.

Choose Manual, and then Position to manually select each tab location in the graphics window.

Choose Manual, and then Use square point for tab position to place tabs at each square point along the contour.

3 Configure the tab size. You can create Full tabs or Partial tabs. Full tabs are the full stock height; at the tab locations, the tool retracts fully from the part. Partial tabs are less than the full stock height; you use the Tab thickness field to define how far to pull back from the cut depth (typically, partial tabs are thin).

4 After choosing the type of tab to create, enter the Width of the tab to define how far it extends along the toolpath.

5 In the Tab Cutoff page, select the Cutoff Operation check box.

6 Then choose one of the following operation types.


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No cutoff operation: Leaves the tabs uncut so that they can be removed by hand. Typically, when selecting this option, you will create partial tabs instead of full tabs and use a small tab thickness.

After all contour chains: Cuts the tabs after cutting all the chains in the operation. For example, if you are cutting several parts, first all the parts are cut and then all the tabs are cut.

After each contour chain: Cut a contour then cuts the tabs before moving to the next contour. For example, if you are cutting several parts, the tabs are cut from the first part before the second part is cut.

If you select this option, you can also choose to Cut tabs with first finish pass. Consider using this option when your contour toolpath have both roughing and finishing passes; for example, when you are using depth cuts. In this case, Mastercam will leave the tabs during the roughing passes, and cut them off with the finish pass, rather than creating a separate cutoff pass.

Separate operation: Creates a separate Tab Cutoff operation and includes it in the Toolpath Manager so that you can edit or customize it. You can select a different tool, edit the feed rate or coolant options, or change other parameters that you would like to be different from the original contour operation, such as the lead-in/lead-out entry and exit moves.

If you do not create separate Tab Cutoff operations, Mastercam applies the lead-in and lead-out parameters set in the original contour operation for each individual tab cutoff operation.

Note: The option to create a separate tab cutoff operation is available only when you first create the operation. When editing the contour parameters from the Toolpath Manager, you cannot add a separate tab cutoff operation.

7 When finished setting up other toolpath parameters, click OK to close the dialog box and create the contour toolpath and, if defined, the tab cutoff operations.

Editing TabsOnce you have added tabs to a contour toolpath, use one of the following methods to edit them:

To access the Tabs dialog box, click the Parameters icon for the contour toolpath in the Toolpath Manager. Use the Tabs page to view and edit the original tab parameters. Changes you make using this method affect all the tabs in the toolpath. The only function you cannot access is the option to create a separate cutoff operation.


To edit individual tabs, click the Geometry icon for the contour toolpath in the Toolpath Manager. This opens the Chain Manager where you can add, delete, or move individual tab locations. You can also change the size and shape of an individual tab.

To edit individual tabs:1 In the Toolpath Manager, click on the Geometry icon for the contour

toolpath which contains the tabs.

2 In the Chain Manager, right-click on the desired chain and choose Edit tabs.

Note: The Edit tabs option is available only when you right-click on a chain; it does not appear if you click elsewhere in the Chain Manager dialog box.

3 Use the Edit tabs ribbon bar options to:

Move tabs

Add a new tab location

Edit the size or attributes of a specific tab location

Delete a single tab location, or delete all tab locations

Figure 7-5: Edit tabs ribbon bar

IMPORTANT: If you have created a separate cutoff operation for the tabs, the changes you make to the tabs in the original operation are not associative; they do not affect the cutoff operation. Therefore, any additions, deletions or modifications you make to tabs in the original operation must also be made—using the same method—in the cutoff operation.

Circle ToolpathsCircle toolpaths efficiently mill a circle when you select just a single point, or other circle toolpaths for related applications. After milling the center of the circle, Mastercam calculates an entry arc before approaching the perimeter and then a similar exit arc. You can add enhancements such as multiple passes, multiple depth cuts, and helical plunge moves, and fine-tune the entry and exit arcs.

Move ta

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In this section, you will learn more about:

Circle Mill Toolpaths (page 501)

Helix Bore Toolpaths (page 502)

Slot mill Toolpaths (page 503)

Thread Mill Toolpaths (page 503)

TIP: Use helix bore toolpaths for operations with non-center cutting insert cutters.

Circle Mill ToolpathsUse circle mill toolpaths to mill circular pockets based on a single point. You can select either point entities or the center points of arcs. Mastercam pockets out a circular area using the diameter and depth that you specify. After milling the center of the circle, Mastercam calculates an entry arc before approaching the perimeter and creates a similar exit arc. The following picture shows a circle mill toolpath with helical entry:


Here is the same toolpath with a straight plunge entry:

To begin creating a circle mill toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Circle Paths, Circmill. Then use the Drill Point Selection dialog box to select one or more hole locations for the toolpath.

After selecting the tool, use the properties pages in the toolpath dialog box to enter values for different cutting parameters and compensation options.

Helix Bore ToolpathsHelix bore toolpaths are designed for a non-center cutting insert cutter. This high-speed boring tool cuts downward in a helical motion for roughing; steps over to finish at the bottom; then performs a finish pass in a helical upward motion. Like a circle mill toolpath, you can chain only a single point to create the toolpath; the hole’s outer diameter is determined by your toolpath parameters.


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To begin creating a helix bore toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Circle paths, Helix bore. Then use the Drill Point Selection dialog box to select one or more hole locations for the toolpath.

After selecting the tool, use the other properties pages in the toolpath dialog box to enter toolpath settings.

Note: There is no specific tool type for Felix tools. When creating a tool definition for a Felix tool, create it as a flat endmill.

Slot mill ToolpathsUse slot mill toolpaths to efficiently machine obround slots. Obround slots consist of two straight lines and two 180-degree arcs at the ends.

Slot mill toolpaths automatically calculate plunge, entry, and exit points appropriate for slots by:

Calculating the plunge point

Placing the entry/exit arcs at the midpoint of the contour

Creating an entry ramp to plunge gradually to the cut depth

To begin creating a slot mill toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Circle paths, Slot Mill.

Thread Mill ToolpathsThread mill toolpaths create a series of helixes for machining a thread with a thread mill or other suitable tool. For inside diameter (ID) threads, you must drill a hole first. For outside diameter (OD) threads, you must create a boss first. You can use point entities or arc center points for the toolpath. If you select duplicate geometry, or both an arc and its center point, Mastercam warns you and displays the duplicate geometry in red.


The number of active teeth, top of thread, thread depth, and thread pitch parameters all indirectly determine the number of revolutions that the tool makes while machining the thread. If the number of revolutions is less than one, Mastercam automatically adjusts the top of thread to create at least one revolution.

In this example, a slot mill was used to cut the coarse threads around the top of a valve core:

To begin creating a thread mill toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Circle paths, Thread Mill. Then use the Drill Point Selection dialog box to select one or more hole locations for the toolpath.

After selecting a tool, use the properties pages in the toolpath dialog box to define the Taper angle and other thread mill parameters.

Use the following guide to help orient your thread mill toolpath so that it cuts the threads in the intended manner.

ID/OD thread

Right-/Left-hand thread

Machining direction

Milling direction

ID Right-hand Top to bottom Conventional

ID Right-hand Bottom to top Climb

ID Left-hand Top to bottom Climb

ID Left-hand Bottom to top Conventional

OD Right-hand Top to bottom Climb

OD Right-hand Bottom to top Conventional

OD Left-hand Top to bottom Conventional

OD Left-hand Bottom to top Climb


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Drill ToolpathsMastercam supports many types of standard drill cycles. Standard drill toolpaths provide flexible options for selecting drilling points, such as selecting either points or arcs; automatically selecting all the points from a previous operation; or choosing drilling patterns such as grids or bolt holes without first creating geometry.

The general process of creating a standard drill toolpath is straightforward.

Note: You can also customize drilling operations and create entirely new drilling cycles. For more information, see “Customizing Drilling Operations” on page 511.

To begin creating a drill toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Drill. Then use the Drill Point Selection dialog box to select one or more hole locations for the toolpath and choose the sort order.

After selecting a tool, use the Cut parameters page to choose a drill cycle from the Cycle drop-down list, and set drill cycle parameters. Edit the fields and settings in other drill toolpath pages, as necessary.


Figure 7-6: Example: Drill Cut Parameters page

Choosing a Drill CycleThe drill cycle you choose determines the parameters you can set for the drill toolpath. Mastercam Mill and Mastercam Router include all of the standard drill toolpaths and features described below. In addition, Mastercam Router provides support for block drilling and aggregate heads.

Notes:

• Drill cycle availability is determined by the control definition and is machine- and control-dependent. For more information on using a control definition with a specific machine definition, see “Choosing a Machine Definition” on page 360.

• The post must support the selected cycle.

Drill/Counterbore: Recommended for drilling holes with depths of less than three times the tool diameter.

Peck Drill: Recommended for drilling holes with depths of more than three times the tool diameter. Retracts fully out of the drilled hole to remove


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material chips. Used often with chips that are hard to remove. (Individual peck drill moves do not backplot – the code only displays after you create the NC file.)

Chip Break: Drills holes with depths of more than three times the tool diameter. Retracts partially out of the drilled hole to break material chips which aids chip removal.

Tap: Taps right or left internal threaded holes.

Bore #1 (feed out): Drills holes with feed-in and feed-out motion. This creates a straight hole with a smooth surface.

Bore #2 (stop spindle, rapid out): Drills holes with feed-in, stop spindle, and rapid-out motion.

Fine bore (shift): Stops the spindle at the end of each drill point, then spins to orient the tool to a pre-defined angle, shifts off the wall of the drill hole, and retracts.

Custom cycles: Drills holes using customized parameters.

TIP: Multiaxis drill toolpaths (which let you rotate the drill axis and change it from hole to hole) are an optional feature. For more information, contact your Mastercam Reseller.


Selecting Drill PointsWhen you choose a drilling, or point-based circle mill toolpath from the Toolpaths menu, the Drill Point Selection dialog box displays. It provides you with many flexible options for selecting drill holes for the toolpath.Each option is described below.

Selecting points from the graphics window—Choose one of the following methods to select points from the graphics window.

Select: Returns the cursor to the graphics window where you can use general selection techniques to select individual points.

Automatic: Lets Mastercam automatically find drill points. When you return to the graphics window, select the first point; then a second point to set the search direction; and finally, a third point which is the last point in the toolpath. Mastercam finds and selects all the points within the defined area.

Entities: Places drill points at the endpoints of entities you select in the graphics window and sorts them based on the order that the geometry was created. If you select closed arcs, the drill points are placed in the center of the arcs.

Window Points: Returns the cursor to the graphics window where you can click and drag a rectangle around the points to be drilled.

Reusing points from a previous operation—Choose one of the following options to reuse points from a previous toolpath:

Subprograms: Lets you select a previously created drill toolpath and apply the new operation to its points. Mastercam creates subprograms for both operations to reuse the point locations.


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Last: Mastercam creates a drill toolpath using the drill points and sorting order of the previous drill operation.

Masking on an arc—Enter a Diameter value to drill at the center point of all the arcs whose diameter is within the specified tolerance, or choose Mask on Arc to select an arc from the graphics window. The selected arc can be either open or closed.

Pattern drilling—Select the Pattern check box and set additional options on this section for creating a grid of holes or a bolt circle. Predefine points or geometry are not needed to use these functions.

Sorting Drill PointsOnce you have selected all the points, in the Drill Point Selection dialog box, choose Sorting to specify the drill order. The Point Sorting dialog box makes it easy to choose a sort order for a specific type of drilling application.

Figure 7-7: Point Sorting dialog box

The 2D sort, Rotary sort, and Cross sort tabs provide various patterns you can choose for specific application types. Each tab and its application is described below.


To choose a sort pattern, click the button in the selected tab and set additional options, as necessary.

Choose a 2D sort pattern when the points are generally distributed in a flat plane. Select the Point to Point option to sort the points by the shortest distance from one point to the next (Mastercam will prompt you to select the first point.

Choose a Rotary sort pattern for circular toolpaths.

Choose a Cross sort pattern when the points are wrapped around a cylinder.

The picture on each sort pattern button gives you an idea of how the points will be sorted relative to the starting point, which is indicated on the button by the red cross. Hold your cursor over each button to see the name of the sort pattern.

Notes:

• Only the drill points in the current toolpath are sorted, not all drill points in the graphics window.

• The start point of the drill toolpath is marked with a red point.

Editing Drill PointsUse the Drill Change at Point dialog box to make point-specific changes to a drill toolpath, add canned text, or otherwise customize the toolpath at one or more specific points.

To access this dialog box:

When creating a drill toolpath, choose the Edit button in the Drill Point Selection dialog box.

After creating a drill toolpath, click the Geometry icon in the Toolpath Manager to access the Drill Point Manager. Click the Re-Sort button to apply the active sorting pattern, then right-click a point in the Drill Point Manager and choose Change at point.


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The values displayed in the fields are the values currently in effect. Select the check mark in front of a field to activate it, and then type a new value. You can apply the change to just the selected point, or to every point going forward.

Customizing Drilling OperationsTo customize drill operations, you must first define or enable the features you want in the control definition for the machine you are using. The custom parameters you define for the control definition are added to the toolpath parameter dialog boxes that display when you create a drilling operation, such as the Drill cycle parameters tab. Use these and other toolpath parameters to modify the drilling operation, as necessary.

Here are some of the ways you can customize your drilling operations:

Associate canned text with any drill point or points. Use the Control Definition Manager Text properties pages to define the canned text commands you can choose from.

Customize the list of drill cycles and their parameters which appear in the Drill cycle parameters tab. Use the Control Definition Manager Machine Cycles properties page to select the cycles. To customize the names of the cycles and their parameters, use the Control Definition Manager Text properties pages.

Define custom parameters for each cycle. Values for these parameters can be set on an operation-specific basis using the Custom drill parameters tab. To define custom parameters for a particular cycle, use the Control Definition Manager Text properties pages.

You can also define custom integer and floating-point variables for the control definition. These are available when you create any toolpath type, not just drilling. For more information on setting up control definitions, see “Working with Control Definitions” on page 763.


Automatic DrillingUse the automatic drilling functions described below to create a complete series of drill operations for a set of points or arcs.

Automatic Drill Toolpaths (page 512)

Start Hole Toolpaths (page 513)

TIP: Use FBM Drill to automatically detect holes in a solid based on your specified criteria and generate a complete series of drilling and chamfering operations for the detected features. For more information on Mastercam’s feature-based toolpaths, see “Feature Based Machining (FBM)” on page 477.

Automatic Drill ToolpathsUse this toolpath type to automatically create a complete series of drill operations for a set of points or arcs. For example, after selecting a set of holes, you can automatically create a sequence of spot drilling, pre-drilling, tapping, and chamfering operations. Mastercam automatically picks the appropriate tools from the tool library for you, based on the tool type you select.

To begin creating automatic drill toolpaths, choose Toolpaths, Circle paths, Auto Drill.

Use the Drill Point Selection dialog box to select one or more hole locations for the toolpaths. After selecting points, the Drill Point Manager dialog box displays all of the holes that will be drilled or machined, in the current drill order. Use this dialog box to edit the set of points, as necessary.

Note: You cannot use the Drill Point Manager to edit the “points” of Solids drilling operations.

Then use the tabs in the Automatic Arc Drilling dialog box to set parameters for the drill operations that will be automatically created.

The drill cycles used in each operation created for automatic drill toolpaths are determined by the cycle stored with each tool definition. Only cycles that have been enabled in the Machine Cycles section for the active control definition can be used.

Note: If you select a flat endmill as the finish tool type, a drill/counterbore drill cycle is used for the finish drill cycle.

The result of the automatic drilling process is a series of individual drill operations that display in the Toolpath Manager. The operations are not associative with each other after they have been generated; if you change one operation after it has been


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generated, Mastercam does not change any others in response. You can use the Toolpath Manager to view, modify, move, or regroup each operation individually without affecting the others.

Start Hole ToolpathsUse the Start Holes toolpath to automatically create drill toolpaths at the plunge points for one or more selected operations. Mastercam intelligently scans individual depth cuts and passes for each operation, and creates toolpaths for multiple plunge points if necessary.

To begin creating start hole toolpaths, choose Toolpaths, Circle Paths, Start Hole.

Then use the Drill Start Holes dialog box to select all of the operations that need drill start hole toolpaths. Mastercam automatically determines where plunge holes are required for the selected operations, and will calculate the dimensions of the start holes based on the sizes of the tools used in those operations.

To create just a simple drill operation, choose Basic.

To include pre-drill or spot drill cycles or use other advanced drilling features, choose Advanced.

Note: To add space to the start holes so that they are a little bigger than the tool, use the Additional diameter amount and Additional depth amount fields.

Finally, select the tool library in which Mastercam will look for the drills it needs to match the sizes of the start holes. If an exact match is not available in the selected library, a drill whose diameter is within the specified Diameter match tolerance of the hole will be used.

IMPORTANT: Start hole toolpaths are not associative. If you change the original toolpath, the Start Hole toolpaths are not automatically updated. When you regenerate the original toolpath after editing it, manually edit the start hole toolpaths as necessary.


TIP: The Start Holes toolpath function works with all toolpath types but is especially effective when used together with the Align plunge entries for start holes feature found in Surface Rough Pocket. This feature organizes all of the plunge points so that one pre-drilled hole can serve as the plunge position for multiple depth cuts.

Pocket ToolpathsWith Mastercam pocket toolpath functions, you can integrate roughing and finishing cuts in the same operation, or simultaneously create separate roughing and finishing operations. You can create separate entry/exit moves for each type of cut, and choose from many different roughing patterns, including open pockets and high speed pocketing with trochoidal loops to minimize tool burial. Finishing options include feed rate and spindle speed overrides, thin wall finishing, spring passes, and remachining.

Use the following outline as a guide for creating pocket operations and organizing the different pocketing options.

Chain geometry and select a tool

Choose Pocket from the Toolpaths menu.

Then, chain the geometry for the pockets. All geometry used to define a pocket and any islands must be in the same construction plane. You cannot select a 3D chain for a pocket toolpath. Mastercam automatically interprets closed boundaries within the chained geometry as islands and adjusts the toolpath accordingly.

Use the Tool page to select a tool and enter general toolpath parameters.

Note: Consider using a surface pocket toolpath if you need to create a pocket with complicated geometry.


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Select a pocket typeUse the Cut parameters page to select a pocket type.

Mastercam lets you select from several pocket types, which are based on your pocket geometry:

Standard: Mastercam intelligently analyzes all selected chains and considers the largest of the closed chains to be the stock to machine. The tool is constrained by the machined area (the largest closed boundary selected). All other smaller closed chains within the largest chain are considered non-machinable areas and are avoided.

Facing or Island facing: Mastercam automatically adjusts cut depths for islands.

Open pockets: Mastercam automatically enters and exits the pocket through the opening.

Remachining: Mastercam calculates the stock remaining from a previous operation (or from a roughing tool dimension) and just machines the leftover stock.


Note: When you select a pocket type other than Standard, Mastercam displays additional parameters below the field. Use these parameters to fine-tune the cutting action.

Use the other options on this page to set other general cutting parameters.

Select a cutting method

Use the Roughing page to select a cutting method and set other options for the roughing passes. Mastercam offers different cutting patterns so you can choose the one best suited to your part geometry and application requirements.

Use additional options in the Entry Motion page nested below the Roughing page to define tool plunge motion. You can define tool entry motion as helical or ramp, or you can turn it off for the toolpath.

Create a finishing pass

Use the Finishing page to create a finish pass. You can override the feed rate and spindle speed and set special options for thin wall pockets. Mastercam outputs the finish pass as a separate operation so that you can further edit and refine it separately from the roughing operation.

Use additional options in the Lead In/Out page nested below the Finishing page to create separate lead in/out moves for the finish pass. These moves are distinct from the entry moves defined for the roughing passes.

Create additional finishing operationTo add a separate finish operation to the Toolpath Manager after the pocket operation:

Select the Create additional finishing operation check box on the Cut parameters page

Then select the Finish check box on the Finishing page to enable finishing passes for the toolpath.

The new finish operation uses the same parameters and geometry as the original pocket toolpath, but consists only of finishing passes. This allows you to select a different tool for the pocket finishing passes.

Wireframe ToolpathsUse wireframe toolpaths to use surface machining styles without having to create or select surface entities. Mastercam calculates the surfaces from your wireframe


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geometry. In this section, you will learn about the different types of wireframe toolpaths you can create from the Toolpaths, Wireframe submenu, including:

Note: Creating wireframe toolpaths can be faster and easier than creating and machining surfaces. However, Mastercam offers you more options and greater flexibility when creating surface toolpaths. For more information, see “Surface Toolpaths” on page 533.

Ruled ToolpathsUse this toolpath type to create a linear blend between chains of curves, simulating a ruled surface over several chains of geometry.

To begin creating a ruled toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Wireframe, Ruled and use the Chaining dialog box to select between 2 and 100 chains.

After selecting chains and a tool, use the Ruled Parameters tab to enter the toolpath parameters. First, select a cutting method to define the pattern that the tool will follow over the part surface. Then enter other toolpath dimensions and compensation options.

Finally, select the trimming options. You can define up to two trimming planes for the toolpath. Each trimming plane consists of a value along one of the coordinate axes. If the toolpath would extend past the trim plane, it is clipped; if the trim plane is outside the toolpath, the toolpath will be extended to it.

Ruled Toolpaths(page 517)

Coons Patch Toolpaths(page 519)

Lofted Toolpaths(page 518)

Swept 2D Toolpaths(page 520)

Revolved Toolpaths(page 518)

Swept 3D Toolpaths(page 520)


Lofted ToolpathsUse lofted toolpaths when you want to create a smooth, curved blend between chains of curves or cross-sections, simulating a lofted surface over several chains of geometry.

To begin creating a lofted toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Wireframe, Lofted and use the Chaining dialog box to select between 2 and 100 chains.

After selecting chains and a tool, use the Lofted Parameters tab to enter the toolpath parameters.

First, select a cutting direction, across the calculated surface or along it, and enter the step sizes for each cutting pass.

Then select a cutting method to define the pattern that the tool will follow over the part surface and enter other toolpath dimensions and compensation options.

TIP: When you are chaining the geometry for ruled or lofted toolpaths, select the chains in order and make sure that the chaining direction is consistent for all the chains so that the toolpath does not “twist.”

Revolved ToolpathsChoose Toolpaths, Wireframe, Revolved to create a surface of revolution from a cross-section. This toolpath type is calculated in the current construction plane, then transformed into the current tool plane. You can trim the toolpath to a given height or width (relative to the construction plane) and generate a convex or concave shape. You must select a ball endmill for this toolpath type. The following picture shows a


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part profile lying flat in the XY plane, and the revolved toolpath created from the geometry.

Coons Patch ToolpathsCoons path toolpaths simulate patches between chains of across and along contours by using points, lines, arcs, or splines to construct four-sided patches. These patches may be machined separately or machined with additional patches.

To begin creating a coons patch toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Wireframe, Coons and enter the number of patches to create in both the along and across directions. You can select up to 50 patches in each direction.

After chaining the across and along contours and selecting a tool, use options in the Toolpath parameters and Coons parameters tabs to define the tool, and set the cutting direction, cutting method, and other toolpath parameters and compensation options.


Swept 2D ToolpathsChoose Toolpaths, Wireframe, Swept 2D to create 2½D toolpaths by sweeping one boundary (the across contour) along a second contour (the along contour). A swept 2D toolpath can have only one along boundary. The across and along boundaries are blended to generate a 2½D toolpath.

Boundaries for a swept 2D toolpath must meet these conditions:

The boundaries may not contain splines.

The along boundary must lie parallel or perpendicular to the current tool plane, or to the XY plane (top view) if you do not define a tool plane. This only applies when the final toolpath contains arcs. The final toolpath contains arcs when either the along boundary contains arcs or when you select an option to roll the toolpath around corners.

TIP: Swept 2D toolpaths have an advantage over swept 3D toolpaths in that they output arcs and create much shorter NC files. However, swept 3D toolpaths give you much more flexibility.

Swept 3D ToolpathsChoose Toolpaths, Wireframe, Swept 3D to simulate a surface with any of the following sets of boundaries function:

One across boundary and one along boundary. Unlike 2D swept toolpaths, the geometry does not have to be confined to a plane.

One across boundary and two along boundaries.

Two across boundaries and one along boundary.


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These boundaries may consist of any combination of lines, arcs, and splines.

The longer of the two matching boundaries (along or across) is broken into a number of segments based on the cut distance you define. This number of segments is then applied to the other matching boundary.

Specialized ToolpathsIn this section, you will learn about the types of specialized toolpaths you can create, including

Face Toolpaths (page 521)

Point Toolpaths (page 522)

Manual Entry Operations (page 523)

Face ToolpathsUse a facing toolpath to quickly clean the stock from the top of a part, qualify the top of the part, and create a flat surface for future operations. You can base the toolpath on either chained geometry or on the current stock model. Mastercam provides additional options for controlled engagement, zigzag, and one way cutting methods to minimize burring or chipping on the final pass along the opposing edge of the face.

To begin creating a face toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Face. Then use the Chaining dialog box to select the part geometry, or simply choose OK without selecting anything to use the stock model.

After selecting a tool, use the properties pages that display in the toolpath dialog box to enter the toolpath parameters and complete the toolpath. For more information on each properties page, click the Help button at the bottom of each page.


TIPS:

• When facing the stock, it is important to have the tool overlap the edges of the part by at least 50% of its diameter to prevent leaving scallops of material at the edges of the stock.

• To face islands, consider using a pocket toolpath, which includes an automatic island facing feature.

Point ToolpathsPositioning the tool at a specific point or making it follow a series of specific points is a helpful technique you can use to avoid a fixture or clamp, or to get the tool into or out of a tight area or an awkward shape. You might also use this type of toolpath to position the tool between cutting operations.

Point toolpaths let you build a series of tool movements by selecting a series of individual locations in the graphics window, rather than have the tool follow geometry.

To begin creating a point toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Point and use the Point Toolpath ribbon bar to create the toolpath.

Figure 7-8: Point Toolpath ribbon bar

When you begin creating the toolpath, you are prompted to select the first point to which the tool will rapid from the home position. To add additional points, click the locations in the graphics window. Use the G0 (rapid) or G1 (feed rate) buttons to define the type of move before selecting points, or to edit them afterwards.

For rapid moves to the point, the control definition determines whether the rapid move is broken up into separate moves for each axis or interpolated in multiple axes.

For feed rate moves, the tool moves to the new points at the feed rate you set.

Use the Back up button to delete points and back up to the previous point. Click OK when you finish selecting the points.

Use the Tool parameters tab to select a tool, coolant, and set other toolpath options. To achieve the desired tool motion, try disabling the reference points feature (deselect the Ref points check box).

Back u

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TOOLPATH TYPES / Additional Router Toolpaths • 523

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Manual Entry OperationsUse this toolpath function to directly insert text, comments, or G-codes into your NC programs. You can store text directly with the operation, or reference an external text file that Mastercam reads when post processing. You can insert the literal text as G-code commands or format them as comments.

IMPORTANT: You must ensure that the text or codes are appropriate for your control and post processor and are formatted correctly, and that the post processor is written to properly handle the comments.

To begin creating a manual entry operation, choose Toolpaths, Manual Entry and use the Manual Entry dialog box to define the text to insert. You can select a file or enter the text right in the dialog box (a maximum of 750 characters).

If you select a file, you can choose to copy the text to the part file (saving it with the part), or create an external link to the source file used when you post.

If you choose to create an external link to the text file, you can edit the file whenever you wish without modifying the operations in Mastercam. The updated text appears in your programs the next time you post.

Additional Router ToolpathsBesides all of the Mastercam Mill toolpath types, Mastercam Router provides all the controls you need to create saw toolpaths, and block or “gang” drill toolpaths, including those used with straight and “T” block drills. Block drill toolpaths optimize the drilling routine by dropping the correct drills according to the drill pattern you specify.

Mastercam Router supports a wide variety of tool shapes and types, including Right Angle (RA) and Compound Angle (CA) head control. This aggregate head programming allows you to apply RA and CA heads to your traditional toolpaths. To learn more about this, see “Block Drilling Toolpaths” on page 526.

Mastercam Router features include VBScript support and cabinet design software links.

Nesting allows you to fit parts onto a sheet of material for best yield. Nesting operates on geometry or toolpaths.

Engraving gives you the effect of classic hand-carved art using your CNC machine. Sharp inside corners, created by the Z-axis climbing in the corners, give the finished piece a crisp edge, which is unattainable with conventional machining.


Note: For more information, see “Nesting and Engraving Toolpaths” on page 722.

Saw ToolpathsUse a saw toolpath to drive a saw blade cutting along a straight line. With Mastercam's saw toolpath, you can program multiple saw cuts using a single tool plane (for example, TOP) in a single operation.

Note: Typically, the axis of rotation of the saw blade is parallel to the sheet. Use the Machine Definition Manager to define a right angle aggregate for the machine definitions used with this toolpath.

When selecting chains for a saw toolpath, you indicate a kerf direction (cut side) for each selected chain. Mastercam allows for kerf direction differences on a per-chain basis within the same operation and stores this data with each chain so you can modify it as needed.

You also control the arbor side based on the selected cutting direction (Climb or Conventional).


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Here is an example of a sample saw toolpath application:

To begin creating a saw toolpath: 1 Choose a Router machine definition from the Machine Type menu.

2 Choose Saw from the Toolpaths menu.

3 Mastercam displays the Chaining dialog box and prompts you to select the first chain for the toolpath. Select a chain of entities in the graphics window, and, when prompted, choose a point to set the kerf side for the chain. Repeat this process until all chains have been selected for the toolpath.

4 When finished selecting chains, choose OK to close the dialog box and continue.


5 Use the Mill/Router toolpath properties pages to enter the toolpath parameters and complete the toolpath. For more information on each properties page, click the Help button at the bottom of each page.

Block Drilling ToolpathsMastercam Router shares the Mastercam Mill drill toolpaths and also allows you to create block drilling operations. Block drill toolpaths create holes in parts at specified locations using tooling containing multiple drills. To create these toolpaths, the size and spacing of the arcs must match the size and spacing of the drills on the block.

In the example below, the holes in the furniture panel would require a drill block with 5 mm drills spaced 32 mm apart.

Note: Use the Machine Definition Manager to create definitions for drill blocks or aggregate heads. For more information, see “Machine and Control Definitions” on page 729.

Drill blocks contain multiple drills and are required to create Block Drill toolpaths in Mastercam Router. The Block Drill toolpath is specially designed to use multiple tools for drilling in a single operation. Drill blocks cannot be used for any toolpath other than Block Drill.

5 mm arcs spaced32 mm apart


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The example below shows a drill block and offsets needed by Mastercam when defining the tooling.

In the following section, you will learn to use the block drilling toolpath in Mastercam Router to filter drilling points by depth, and to drill blind holes using a drill block that includes brad point drills. If the drill block contains different tool types of the same diameter as the arcs to drill, Mastercam gives preference to brad point drills when drilling blind holes.

“Filtering Drilling Points by Depth” on page 528 shows how Mastercam can filter out arcs in the same location but at different depths. This technique eliminates the need to delete extra geometry or use masking to remove it from cabinet parts imported from other CAD programs.

“Drilling Blind Holes with the Block Drilling Toolpath” on page 529 shows a technique for drilling blind holes by adding brad point drill bits to a drill block, and defining stock.

Lead drill

Offset from lead drill to second drill

Offset fromlead drill tothird drill

Both head and tool position offsets are relative to the lead drill


Filtering Drilling Points by DepthWhen importing geometry from other CAD programs into Mastercam Router, sometimes the hole geometry is drawn like this:

Mastercam filters out the hole geometry automatically so you can easily avoid drilling the same hole twice.

Selecting hole geometry for a block drilling toolpathBefore beginning, you must have hole geometry on the screen and a router machine group in the Toolpath Manager (choose Machine Type, Router, and select a machine).

1 From the Toolpaths menu, choose Block drilling.

2 Enter a name for the NC file and click OK. The Drill point selection dialog box opens.

3 Choose Sorting.

4 In the 2D Sort tab of the Sorting dialog box, choose an option under Depth filtering:

Use entity at lowest Z depth keeps the drill points at the lowest Z depth and filters out any drill points at other depths.


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Use entity at highest Z depth keeps the drill points at the highest Z depth and filters out any drill points at other depths.

5 Choose OK to return to the Drill point selection dialog box.

6 Choose the Entities option.

7 Window-select the drill geometry for the toolpath and choose OK.

Mastercam automatically filters the drill geometry, and uses the geometry at the highest or lowest depth, depending on your selection in the Sorting dialog box.

Drilling Blind Holes with the Block Drilling ToolpathBlind holes are drilled partially through the stock, often using a brad point drill. By using the following technique, you can set up Mastercam to automatically detect blind holes using the block drilling toolpath. Mastercam gives preference to the brad point drills for creating these holes. To drill blind holes, you will need to:


Set up the drill block by adding brad point drill bits of the diameter of the blind holes. Drill blocks are the component Mastercam uses to represent gang tooling.

Set up the stock.

Create a block drill toolpath to drill blind holes.

Setting up the drill block Blind holes are typically drilled with brad point drills.

Adding brad point drills to a drill blockDrill blocks are defined and stored in the Machine Definition Manager. Before beginning, decide if you want to save the drill block in the disk copy of the machine definition, or in the toolpath copy.

To edit the disk copy of the machine definition, choose Machine Definition Manager from the Settings menu.

To edit the toolpath copy of the machine definition, choose Files from the machine group properties, then choose the Edit button next to the machine definition.

Once you have opened the router machine definition, follow these general steps to add one or more brad point drills to the drill block.

Adding a brad point drill to an existing drill block1 Select the drill block, and then right-click and choose Properties.

2 Right–click and choose Add from the menu

3 In the Tool Type tab, select BradPt Drill.

4 For the tool diameter, enter the size of the holes that you will be drilling.

5 Choose OK.

6 Enter an offset from the lead drill as X-Y-Z coordinates, and a work offset if necessary.

7 To add additional brad point drills, use the Copy and Paste commands from the right–click menu.


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8 Choose OK to close the Drill block properties dialog box, and then choose OK to close the Machine Definition Manager.

Setting up the stockMastercam requires a stock definition so that it can tell the difference between through holes and blind holes. Mastercam looks at all the arcs selected for the toolpath. Arcs that are above the bottom of the stock and lower than the top of the stock are drilled as blind holes. Arcs at the bottom of the stock or lower are drilled as through holes.

IMPORTANT: To avoid excessive tear-out, Mastercam will not use the brad point drill tools in a block drill to drill through holes.

Setting up the stockIf you have not loaded a router machine into the Machine Definition Manager, choose Router from the Machine Type menu and select the router to which you added the drill block equipped with brad point drills.

1 Choose Stock Setup from the machine group properties in the Toolpath Manager.

2 Select the stock shape. Many router jobs use Rectangular stock.

3 Enter the stock dimensions as X-Y-Z coordinates, or use one of the methods Mastercam provides for defining stock (Select Corners, Bounding Box, NCI Extents, All Surfaces, All Solids, or All Entities.

4 Enter the stock origin to locate the stock relative to your part.

5 Optionally, choose Display to show the stock in the graphics window.

6 Choose OK.

Creating a block drill toolpath to drill blind holes

Creating a block drill toolpath to drill blind holes1 Choose Block Drilling from the Toolpaths menu.

2 Use the Drill Point Selection dialog box to select the holes. Mastercam automatically places you in window selection mode. Since you must select arcs instead of points, some of the other selection tools are unavailable.


3 If the arcs in your geometry look like the following picture, choose Sorting in the Drill Point Selection dialog box:

4 The Sorting dialog box allows you to filter out either the upper or lower arc so that the hole is drilled only once. In the 2D Sort tab, choose an option under Depth Filtering to use the arcs at the highest or lowest Z depth.

Then click OK to close the dialog box.

5 In the Drill Point Selection dialog box, choose Entities.

6 Window select the arcs and choose OK.

7 When the Block drill toolpath dialog box appears, select the Tools page, right-click in the tool selection window, and then choose Get block drill.

8 In the Drill Block Selection dialog box, select the drill block that is equipped with the brad point drills. Expand the drill block and use the right–click menu to edit view the tools in the block.

9 Enter the other drilling parameters and choose OK to create the toolpath.

10 Backplot the toolpath to view the blind holes.

Working with Aggregate HeadsMastercam organizes aggregate tooling information in a hierarchy of heads, blocks, and tool stations.

Heads are complete assemblies that respond to axis commands and move as a unit.

Blocks are mounted on heads and hold the individual tool stations.

TOOLPATH TYPES / Surface Toolpaths • 533

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Tool stations are mounted on the block and hold individual tools.

Large or complicated routers might have several heads, each of which can contain several blocks. Each block, in turn, can have multiple tools. When creating an aggregate head, you work at the block level to define individual blocks and their tool stations. In some instances, you will find that what is commonly referred to as an “aggregate head” outside of Mastercam is defined as a block in Mastercam.

Mastercam supports right-angle, compound-angle, and vertical blocks. The offset is the distance from the center of the block base to a known position on the machine tool.

The offset is represented as a coordinate position. For example, X100 Y0 Z0 would place the aggregate block 100mm in X from the reference point.

Surface ToolpathsIn this section, you will learn about Mastercam’s standard surface toolpaths and surface high speed toolpaths.

Standard rough and finish toolpaths include parallel, radial, project, flowline, and contour. Additional roughing toolpaths are available for restmill, pocket, and plunge strategies. Standard surface finish toolpaths also include steep, shallow, pencil, leftover, scallop, and blend. Each standard toolpath type is described in more detail below.

ZY

X

Aggregate position offsetshown in side view


Surface high speed toolpaths produce the smoothest, most efficient tool motions when machining surface models (or solid faces). For more information, see “Surface High Speed Toolpaths” on page 547.

When you activate Mastercam's 3D Advanced Toolpath Refinement for your Mastercam installation, you can refine surface and high speed surface toolpaths, reducing machining time and improving machined surface quality.

Figure 7-9: Examples: Before (left) and after (right) applying 3D Advanced Toolpath Refinement filtering and smoothing

To activate the 3D Advanced Toolpath refinement feature, first choose to create a 3D surface (rough or finish) or high speed surface toolpath. Then choose the appropriate option in the 3D Advanced Toolpath Refinement Feature dialog box.

Figure 7-10: 3D Advanced Toolpath Refinement Feature dialog box

Once activated, you can use options in the Refine Toolpaths dialog box to convert the toolpath originally created using G1, G2, G3 motions to a refined set of “smoothed” G1 motions wherever possible, and within the tolerances you specify. Smoothing redistributes a toolpath’s node points, avoiding the clustering and grouping of points that can cause marks and other imperfections. It does this through shifting, removing, and/or adding node points along an already generated toolpath.

Use one of the following methods to access this dialog box:

For tree-style toolpaths:1 Choose the Arc Filter/Tolerance page.


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2 Enter a Total tolerance value.

3 Then click the Refine Toolpath button.

For tab-style toolpaths:1 Choose the toolpath's parameters tab (for example, Rough radial

parameters or Finish project parameters).

2 Enter a Total tolerance value.

3 Then click the Total tolerance button.

Note: For more information on using the Refine Toolpaths dialog box, see “Arc Filter/Tolerance page” on page 615

Standard Surface ToolpathsUse surface toolpaths to drive the tool along drive geometry. At least one drive surface, solid face, solid body, or CAD file is required for the toolpath to be created. In this section, you will learn about creating toolpath surface operations using functions in the Toolpaths, Surface Rough and Surface Finish submenus.

You can select different geometry to enhance tool control. Geometry types are indicated by special icons on the Toolpath Manager, and include:

Drive geometry: The surfaces, solid faces, solid bodies, or CAD files that will be cut.

Check geometry: The surfaces, solid faces, or solid bodies that you want the tool to avoid.

Tool containment boundary: A closed chain of curves that limits tool motion.

CAD file: An STL or other graphics data file used for drive geometry.

Other geometry specific to the selected toolpath type can be used, such as flowline geometry for a flowline toolpath, or blend curves for a blend toolpath. See “Using Toolpath Manager Icons” on page 427 for geometry icon examples.


Surface Rough and Finish Parallel ToolpathsTo create surface parallel toolpaths, choose the appropriate type (rough or finish) from the Toolpath, Surface Rough or Surface Finish submenu. Use a surface rough parallel toolpath to remove the bulk of the material quickly. It makes multiple depth cuts. Similarly, use the finish parallel toolpath to machine over all the surfaces in parallel passes.

Surface Rough and Finish Radial ToolpathsTo create surface radial toolpaths, choose the appropriate type (rough or finish) from the Toolpath, Surface Rough or Surface Finish submenu. You use radial toolpaths to cut from a center point outward, creating cuts like the spokes of a wheel.


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Surface Rough and Finish Project ToolpathsSurface project toolpaths project either geometry or a toolpath from an earlier operation onto surfaces. To create surface project toolpaths, choose the appropriate type (rough or finish) from the Toolpath, Surface Rough or Surface Finish submenu.

Surface Rough and Finish Flowline ToolpathsFlowline toolpaths follow the shape and direction of the surfaces and create a smooth and flowing toolpath motion. Choose this toolpath type from the Toolpath, Surface Rough or Surface Finish submenu.

Note: Imported STL entities cannot be used to create flowline toolpaths.

Surface Rough and Finish Contour toolpathsUse surface rough or finish contour toolpaths to make multiple cuts using constant Z steps. Surface contour toolpaths work well for parts that have steep walls, such as steep-walled bosses. The rough and finish contour toolpaths allow the tool to step


down gradually in the Z axis instead of stepping over in the X and Y axes. Choose this toolpath type from the Toolpath, Surface Rough or Surface Finish submenu.

Surface Rough Restmill ToolpathsRestmilling is a roughing toolpath that cleans up remaining stock with a planar (constant Z) cut motion. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpath, Surface Rough, Restmill. The graphic below shows the stock remaining after a pocket rough toolpath:


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The next graphic shows the part after a restmill operation:

Surface Rough Pocket ToolpathsRough pocket toolpaths remove a lot of stock quickly. It creates a series of planar or constant Z cuts, which is a preferred cutting method for many roughing tools. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpath, Surface Rough, Pocket.


Surface Rough Plunge ToolpathsRough plunge toolpaths rough a part quickly using a drilling-type motion. Shops that use these toolpaths often invest in special plunge roughing tools.

To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpath, Surface Rough, Plunge. You can select one of the following methods to define rough plunge toolpaths:

The zigzag method defines a rectangular grid and the tool plunges at intervals along it.

The NCI method lets the tool plunge at intervals by following a previously created toolpath.

Surface Finish Parallel Steep ToolpathsA finish parallel steep toolpath removes material from surfaces that fall between two slope angles, for example, you could create a parallel steep toolpath to remove material from surfaces that slope between 50 and 90 degrees. A parallel steep toolpath


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is usually used after a finish parallel toolpath. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpath, Surface Finish, Parallel Steep.

Surface Finish Shallow ToolpathsA finish shallow toolpath removes material from surfaces that fall between two slope angles. The graphic below shows a shallow toolpath that removes material from surfaces that slope between 0 and 10 degrees. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpath, Surface Finish, Shallow.


Surface Finish Pencil ToolpathsA finish pencil toolpath follows the path where two surfaces meet. It cleans out material by driving the cutter tangent to two surfaces at a time. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpath, Surface Finish, Pencil.

Surface Finish Leftover ToolpathsThe finish leftover toolpath removes material left behind by the larger tool of a previous operation. It calculates how much stock is left over and uses that information when creating tool motions.

To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpath, Surface Finish, Leftover.


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Surface Finish Blend ToolpathsSurface blend toolpaths offer powerful machining for surfaces that require cuts to conform to the part shape. A blend toolpath creates motion that is defined by curves that you create along the drive geometry. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpath, Surface Finish, Blend.

Note: In the part above, the blend curves are the arcs on either side of the solid.

Surface Finish Scallop ToolpathsUse a finish scallop toolpath to create a consistent scallop height over the whole part regardless of whether the surface becomes steep or shallow. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpath, Surface Finish, Scallop.


Corner smoothing for scallop toolpathsMastercam’s standard scallop finish toolpath includes an option to smooth sharp corners and replace them with curves. Eliminating sharp changes of direction results in a more even load on the tool and lets you consistently maintain a higher feed rate.

For example, consider the following mold, where a scallop toolpath might be used to finish the cavity.

As the tool moves into the narrow arms of the mold, the toolpath will contain many sharp changes of direction. The new corner rounding parameters will replace sharp corners with arcs, resulting in much smoother transitions and tool motion.


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Figure 7-11: Corner smoothing for scallop toolpaths

Corner smoothing is found on the Finish Scallop Parameters tab.

These two pictures show the effect of the corner smoothing function. In the top picture, you can see that as the tool moves into the narrow spines, many sharp corners are created. The bottom picture shows the same region with corner smoothing turned on. In this case, the Max rounding value was 20% of the stepover.


Use the Angle to specify how sharp a change of direction needs to be for Mastercam to consider smoothing it. Mastercam will measure the included angle between the approach to and departure from a calculated tool position. A larger value will increase the number of locations considered for smoothing but will increase the toolpath processing time.

Use the Max rounding to control how much smoothing to apply. This is a linear distance that represents the maximum deviation between the original calculated position and the smoothed toolpath. The actual size of the arc that Mastercam inserts into the corner is a function of the Max rounding distance and the included angle. A typical value is 25% of the stepover distance.

The following picture shows how to use Max rounding to control the smoothing:

Not every eligible corner will be smoothed by the Max rounding distance. If the arc created by Max rounding would gouge the part, Mastercam will attempt to insert a smaller arc. If, after several such attempts, Mastercam does not find a suitable curve, it will leave the sharp corner unchanged. Also, if there are several sharp corners close together, Mastercam will reduce the size of the inserted arcs so that the smoothed segments do not interfere with each other.

Because this is a 3D toolpath, the smoothing curve can be either an arc or 3D spline. If the curve does not lie in the XY, YZ, or XZ plane, Mastercam will linearize it to ensure that the part is not gouged.

Note: The corner smoothing is calculated after Mastercam calculates the 3D collapse tool motions, but before toolpath filtering. Since the smoothing curve is linearized, a coarse filter setting might undo some of the corner smoothing.

Max rounding

Originaltoolpath

Smoothed toolpath


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Surface High Speed ToolpathsSurface high speed toolpaths are a set of machining strategies that are specially designed to produce the smoothest, most efficient tool motions when machining surface models (or solid faces). Mastercam uses two main techniques to achieve this:

Each cutting pass can be configured with advanced smoothing techniques to reduce the impact of corners, sharp angles, and other discontinuities so that you can maintain a constant load on the tool.

An advanced suite of linking tools lets you optimize the transitions between cutting passes and the lead in/out to each cutting pass.

In addition, high speed toolpaths extend Mastercam’s gouge checking capabilities to include the tool holder. A holder definition page is incorporated into the high speed toolpath interface, letting you define custom holder shapes and save them in holder libraries.

Another difference between the surface high speed toolpaths and Mastercam’s other toolpaths is how they use defaults. Most Mastercam toolpaths read default values from the .DEFAULTS file for each operation type. The surface high speed toolpaths, however, dynamically calculate default values based on the selected tool. Whenever you select a new tool for an operation, Mastercam updates the toolpath parameters. See “Working with HST defaults” on page 415 for more information.

All of the high speed features are integrated in the Surface High Speed Toolpaths dialog box (see Figure 7-25 on page 570) where you select a machining strategy and configure the cutting passes and linking strategies. It also provides access to many other toolpath options.

This section includes the following topics.

“Answers to Surface High Speed Toolpath FAQs” on page 548

“Types of High Speed Toolpaths” on page 549 provides an overview of each of the ten toolpath types and how you can apply them.

To get started more quickly, skip ahead to “Creating Surface High Speed Toolpaths” on page 568. It describes the process you use to select tools and holder definitions, and includes an overview of the high speed toolpath interface.

In “Creating Cutting Passes” on page 576, you will learn how to apply strategies for cutting your parts.

“Linking the Cutting Passes” on page 605 explains how to link and create transitions between the cutting passes.

“Setting Other Parameters” on page 614 describes the other sets of parameters such as coolant, miscellaneous values, and filtering. Experienced Mastercam users will recognize these from other Mastercam toolpaths.


Answers to Surface High Speed Toolpath FAQs

Can I still use Mastercam’s other surface toolpaths? Why would I use those toolpaths instead of the high speed version??The surface high speed toolpaths introduced with Mastercam X are in addition to the standard surface toolpaths available in previous versions of Mastercam. There are still many applications where a standard surface toolpath might be a better choice than a high speed toolpath.

Some types of tool motion, such as plunge roughing, are not supported by or are unsuitable for high speed machining.

If your application (or your machine tool) is not appropriate for the higher feed rates associated with high speed toolpaths, you might achieve better results with Mastercam’s regular toolpaths. The surface high speed toolpaths will tend to create more retract moves, for example.

Mastercam’s regular surface toolpaths might have options and parameters that are not in the high speed versions, such as more options for entering/exiting the part—particularly for roughing toolpaths.

Do high speed surface toolpaths support check surfaces??Currently, check surfaces are only supported by some of the toolpath types:

waterline

raster

spiral

radial

In your Mastercam configuration file settings, you can choose to automatically use all non-drive surfaces as check surfaces. Because not all of the high speed toolpaths support check surfaces, this option should be set to None or Prompt.

If you select check surfaces, and then select a toolpath strategy that does not support them, Mastercam automatically treats the check surfaces as additional drive surfaces.


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When it does this, you will see the following message:,

You can find this setting in the Toolpaths page of the System Configuration dialog box.

Types of High Speed ToolpathsThe surface high speed toolpaths support both roughing and finishing operations. The following toolpath types are available:

Core roughing toolpathsCore roughing toolpaths are designed for machining cores which can be approached from the outside. They minimize the need for helical ramp moves or full-width cutting. Core roughing toolpaths are generated from a set of surface profiles that describe the shape of your surfaces at different Z heights, plus a set of offset profiles that let you rough out stock as you approach the part from the outside.

Table 2: Surface High Speed Toolpath Types

Roughing Finishing

Core roughing (page 549) Horizontal area (page 557)

Area clearance (page 550) Pencil (page 554)

Rest roughing (page 552) Raster (page 559)

Scallop (page 556)

Waterline (page 560)

Radial (page 561)

Spiral (page 565)


Figure 7-12: Core roughing toolpaths

Core roughing passes can extend horizontally beyond your surface boundaries by a small distance; this ensures that all the material lying within the boundaries will be cleared.

Another important feature of core roughing is that Mastercam can change the machining strategy within the same operation if your part has, for example, a mixture of bosses and cavities. In these cases, Mastercam will cut the cavities inside to out (like an area clearance cutting pass), and machine the bosses from the outside like in the preceding picture. Use the Minimize burial option on the Trochoidal motion page to have Mastercam automatically insert trochoidal loops in your toolpath in areas where the tool might be fully buried for example, in the valley between two bosses.

The top set of profiles is not typically included in the toolpath, since Mastercam assumes that these lie on the very top of the block. To machine these profiles, set the Minimum depth on the Steep/Shallow page to a Z height above the top of your part (see page 603).

Area clearance toolpathsArea clearance toolpaths are designed to rough out cavities, pockets, or other areas that can be most efficiently machined with an inside to outside toolpath. They are

Core roughing toolpaths are ideal for boss-type parts. On each Z level, the tool approaches the part from the outside with multiple offset


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generated from a set of surface profiles that describe the shape of your surfaces at different Z heights, plus a set of offset profiles that rough out stock as the tool moves away from the center.

Area clearance toolpaths maximize the amount of time that the tool is in contact with your part, and can result in significantly fewer retract moves than a standard pocket toolpath. Typically, the only retract moves will be when the tool is moving from one pocket or cutting region to another.

Figure 7-13: Area clearance toolpaths

Area clearance toolpaths share most of the same parameters as core roughing toolpaths. The major difference is that area clearance toolpaths cut inside to outside, while core roughing cuts outside to inside.

Area clearance toolpaths are an excellent choice for any parts that need to be machined from the inside out, like pockets, cavities, and molds. Mastercam creates offset surface profiles at each Z level and machines them starting with the innermost one. You can create a helical entry or create a ramp entry parallel to the cut profile.


Rest roughing toolpathsThe high speed toolpath suite includes a rest roughing strategy. Instead of calculating roughing passes over the entire drive surfaces, Mastercam calculates the cutting passes on only the stock left over from one or more previous roughing operations.

For each area of remaining stock, Mastercam calculates area clearance cuts, using the same machining strategies as the area clearance roughing toolpath.

Mastercam gives you several options for calculating the stock model:

If the roughing operations are in the same Mastercam file as the rest roughing operation, you can choose to use all the previous operations, or you can select one specific operation. The previous operations do not need to be high speed surface toolpaths; they can be any Mastercam toolpath.

If there is no previous roughing operation, you can choose to calculate the stock left by a roughing tool whose dimensions you enter here.

You can also select a stock model saved to an STL or other CAD file. This is especially useful for castings.

The following pictures show an example of a rest roughing operation. The part was roughed out with a core roughing operation. The rest roughing operation cleans out enough stock in the saddle and the corners so that a finish tool will not encounter an excessive amount of stock.


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Figure 7-14: High speed rest roughing operation

Although the entire part was selected for the drive surfaces, Mastercam limits the cutting passes to only those areas that couldn’t be cut by the roughing tool. In each area of leftover stock, Mastercam calculates multiple Z-cuts at a cut depth you specify.

This picture shows the same toolpath using a larger tool—in this case, a 0.375-inch bullnose endmill instead of the 0.250-inch ball cutter used in the previous picture. Although it still cleans out the saddle and the boundary around the boss, it stays out of the smaller corners.


High speed pencil toolpathsPencil toolpaths are used to clean out the corners of a job. The tool follows a contour defined by the intersection of two or more surfaces. You can create pencil toolpaths with either single or multiple passes. High speed pencil toolpaths are similar to Mastercam’s standard pencil toolpaths, but are enhanced to produce the smoother, free-flowing tool motion and transitions necessary for high speed machining.

Figure 7-15: High speed pencil toolpaths

Select a Cutting method to organize and orient the cuts. You can choose to create one-way cuts in either direction; zigzag cuts in both directions; or up/down mill.

Control the number of cuts by selecting the Limit # of offsets option and entering the maximum number of cutting passes that you want created. When specifying multiple cuts, use the Reference tool diameter as a guide to what the total machining area will be.

Note that the total number of passes will be twice the number of offsets, plus one. For example, if you enter 2 for the number of offsets, Mastercam will actually create five cuts: two cuts on each side of the boundary, plus one cut along the boundary.

Use the Overthickness and Bitangency angle parameters to control which areas get machined.

Overthickness lets you calculate the areas to be machined based on a larger tool size. The amount you enter here is added to the tool radius

Use high speed pencil toolpaths to clean out corners and boundaries between surfaces. You can define the size of the cutting zone by creating multiple offset profiles from the surface boundary.


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to determine the size of the surface fillets that will be machined. See “Overthickness” on page 583 to learn more about how overthickness is applied.

The Bitangency angle lets you control which intersections are to be machined based on the sharpness of the angle between them. For best results, use 165 degrees for the bitangency angle.

Reference tool diameter for pencil toolpaths—When creating a high speed pencil toolpath, it is important to know the size of the machining area, so that you can make sure that you are in fact machining all of the areas that were missed by the roughing tool. Mastercam calculates a special parameter called the Reference tool diameter that can help guide you.

This setting is available on the Cut parameters page for pencil toolpaths when you specify multiple offsets. When you create several cuts, the area that is machined is a function of several parameters:

the finish tool size

the number of cutting passes

the stepover between passes

Based on the values that you enter for these parameters, Mastercam calculates the Reference tool diameter. This is the size of the theoretical roughing tool that would have machined the cutting zone defined for the pencil toolpath.

In other words, if the Reference tool diameter is smaller than the actual tool you used for your roughing operation, you can be confident that the pencil toolpath will reach all of the areas that could not be roughed. If necessary, consider increasing the number of passes until it is larger. You could also increase the stepover, or select a larger finishing tool.

Bitangency angle - Toolpaths will only be created for angle within this range

Surfaces to be machined


Figure 7-16: Calculating the reference tool size for pencil toolpaths

The picture at left shows how the reference tool size is calculated. (In the dialog box, enter twice the radius to get the Reference tool diameter.)

The picture on the right shows how the theoretical roughing tool defines the machining zone for the finish toolpath. The calculated Reference tool diameter should be smaller than your actual roughing tool to ensure that the pencil toolpath finishes all the area left by the roughing tool.

If you manually override the calculated Reference tool diameter with a different value, Mastercam will adjust the number of offsets to the proper number. In other words, if you know how wide your machining zone needs to be, you can enter that value in the Reference tool diameter field and Mastercam will automatically calculate the proper number of cutting passes. Once you manually override the calculated value, though, Mastercam will not automatically change it again.

This distance is measured from each side of the surface boundaries. In other words, if the Reference tool diameter is 20mm, the machining zone will be 40mm wide with the surface boundary in the middle.

High speed scallop toolpathsHigh speed scallop toolpaths differ from other finish toolpaths in that the stepover distance is a 3D value which is measured along the surface, instead of parallel to the toolplane. This ensures a consistent scallop height across the surface, regardless of the surface direction. This is an ideal strategy to use on the boundaries generated by rest machining, or in any circumstances where you want to ensure a constant 3D distance between passes.

# of offsets

fin ish tool radius

stepover

Reference tool radius Reference tool radius


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Figure 7-17: High speed scallop toolpaths

Select a Cutting method to organize and orient the cuts. You can choose to create one-way cuts in either direction; zigzag cuts in both directions; or up/down mill.

You can express the spacing between cutting passes in terms of either the Stepover amount or the desired Scallop height. The two fields are linked so that when you change one value, the other automatically updates.

Horizontal area toolpathsUse a horizontal area toolpath to machine the flat areas of your surface model. Mastercam will create cutting passes at the Z height of each area. For example, in the toolpath shown below, there are two flat areas: one at the top of the boss, and another at the base. Mastercam creates a set of cutting passes at each level. The passes within each set are at the same Z height, but the tool does not cut as it moves from one area to the other. Mastercam cuts from inside to out within each cutting area.

Scallop toolpaths are also known as constant stepover toolpaths. Since the stepover is measured along the surface, the spacing between cuts is maintained as the surface angle varies, producing a consistent scallop height across the surface.


Figure 7-18: Horizontal area toolpaths

Mastercam analyzes the selected drive surfaces and automatically identifies the flat areas within each surface. This means that you do not need to create special containment boundaries or other guides to limit the tool to the flat areas. Even if the drive surface as a whole is not flat, Mastercam will identify and machine only the flat areas. Mastercam will automatically calculate the toolpath in such a way that the tool does not exit on a sidewall.

Horizontal area toolpaths act on only completely flat areas (within the cut tolerance). If a surface has even a small gradient, it will not be detected. You can adjust the cutting tolerance on the Arc Filter/Tolerance page to control how much deviation from perfect flatness will be accommodated, or to handle small irregularities in the surface model.

This toolpath is often used for semi-finish operations, and includes several parameters to support these applications.

You can specify a number of depth cuts and a stepdown value, if your part has a large amount of stock remaining.

You can specify an amount of stock to leave on the floor of the part and on adjacent walls.

Horizontal area clearance toolpaths are used to finish flat areas. Mastercam creates the same surface profiles as an area clearance roughing toolpath, so they are often a good finishing option for area clearance toolpaths.


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You can also use the Minimize burial option to have Mastercam automatically insert trochoidal loops in your toolpath in areas where the tool might be fully buried: for example, in the valley between two bosses.

Because the surface profiles created by this toolpath are equivalent to the last set of profiles created by an area clearance toolpath, this is often a good finish option for an area clearance toolpath.

Raster toolpathsRaster toolpaths are comprised of a set of parallel passes with a stepover along a line at a set angle. This machining strategy is most effective on shallow (nearing horizontal) surfaces, or steeper surfaces that are perpendicular to the angle of the passes.

Figure 7-19: Raster toolpaths

In the above example, the passes are parallel to the X axis. In the detail on the right, you can see that the passes are evenly spaced. In the detail on the left, where the surface is at an angle to the cutting pass, you can see the consistency of the spacing starts to degrade. In these areas, you can adjust the Machining angle for better results.

Raster toolpaths create parallel cutting passes across the surface. You can adjust the angle at which the passes are oriented to accommodate different part features.


Select a Cutting method on the Cut parameters page to organize and orient the cuts. You can choose to create one-way cuts in either direction; zigzag cuts in both directions; or up/down mill.

Then, enter values for the Stepover and Machining angle. Unlike scallop toolpaths, the Stepover is a 2D value measured parallel to the tool plane. Enter a Machining angle that fits your part geometry.

Figure 7-20: Machining angle for raster toolpaths

The picture on the left shows a toolpath created with a machining angle of 0 degrees. The picture on the right shows the same toolpath recreated with a machining angle of 25 degrees. You can see that the cutting passes are better aligned with the geometry

Waterline toolpathsWaterline toolpaths are created from a set of profile curves along the cut surfaces. The profiles are separated by a constant Z amount. They are similar to finish contour toolpaths, but use Mastercam’s high speed toolpath techniques for a smoother, more efficient tool motion. They are typically used for finishing and semi-finishing operations.

Waterline toolpaths are best suited for surfaces whose angles are between 30 and 90 degrees. This is because the distance between passes is measured along the tool axis. Where the surfaces are shallower, material typically won't be removed as efficiently. However, you can configure the toolpath to generate extra cuts in shallow or flat areas.

You can see from the following picture that the passes are nicely spaced on vertical surfaces, but there are two problem areas where the surface gets shallower. One is at the neck of the bottle. Here, the toolpath overlaps on two sides to create a herringbone effect. The other is where the surface nears a horizontal aspect at the bottom and the passes are too far apart. Both problems could be avoided, or at least minimized, by limiting the waterline passes to contact angles between 30 and 90 degrees and using another, more suitable, strategy to machine the shallower areas.


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The Steep/Shallow page in the Surface High Speed Toolpaths dialog box lets you control this.

Figure 7-21: Waterline toolpaths

Use the Cutting method options on the Cut parameters page to orient the cutting passes. You can select either Climb milling, Conventional milling, or Zigzag. With Zigzag, each pass is machined in the opposite direction to the previous pass. A short linking motion connects the two ends.

Radial toolpathsUse radial toolpaths to create cutting passes that radiate outwards from a central point. This machining strategy is most effective on areas with shallow curved surfaces and circular areas. Since the stepover between each pass is a 2D value calculated in the XY plane only, the cuts might not be appropriate for steep areas. This is especially true when the steep contour is perpendicular to the cutting direction. In such areas a waterline or spiral toolpath might produce better results.

Waterline passes produce best results on steep areas, like the wall of this mold, but are less-well suited for flat areas. Use the Steep/Shallow page to control the cutting area by surface angle.


Figure 7-22: Radial toolpaths

To define the machining zone, you need to enter the radius of the circle to be machined, and the coordinates of its center point. Mastercam will project this circle onto your selected drive surfaces and calculate the toolpath within this area.

TIP: Right-click in a field to select the radius or center point coordinate based on geometry in your part file.

Using start and end angles—You can also limit the machining zone by specifying a starting and ending angle. The start and end angle are positive values measured from

Waterline passes produce best results on shallow round parts. You can specify a minimum radius to limit overmachining near the part center, like in this part. This part also uses a zig-zag cutting motion which results in high-speed transition loops at the end of each cut.


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the X-positive axis. The following pictures show some examples of toolpaths created by different angle spans.

Calculating stepover—You can specify the stepover between cutting passes in either of two ways:

entering a 2D stepover distance

specifying a maximum scallop height

Start angle = 0End angle = 90




The two fields are linked so that when you change one value, the other automatically updates. The stepover is calculated at the outer radius of the machining zone as entered in the Cut parameters dialog box.

IMPORTANT: The stepover and scallop height are based on what the cutting pass would be at the radius entered in the Cut parameters page in the Radii—Outer field:

This is true even if the toolpath never actually extends to this radius—for example, if the outer radius extends past the boundaries of your drive surfaces.


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Preventing overmachining—One problem that can occur with radial toolpaths is overmachining in the area when the cutting passes converge, as shown in these two parts.

In these cases, you can restrict the tool motion by specifying an inner radius. Mastercam will not calculate cutting passes for the area of the circle inside this radius.

Spiral toolpathsUse a spiral toolpath to create cutting passes where the tool feeds into the part in a continuous spiral instead of several discrete passes at a constant Z height. The spacing between each pass is a 2D distance measured in the XY plane, so this toolpath type works best on shallow parts whose features can be effectively machined with a circular motion. The following picture shows an example of a spiral toolpath.


Figure 7-23: Spiral toolpath

To define the machining zone, you need to enter the outer radius of the spiral, and the coordinates of its center point. Mastercam will project this circle onto your selected drive surfaces and calculate the toolpath within this area. This is different from, say, a waterline toolpath, in which each cutting pass represents the actual profile of the drive surface at a particular Z depth. If the center point and radius of the spiral do not match your drive surfaces, Mastercam will simply cut that portion of each spiral pass that lies on the drive surface, as shown in the following picture.


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Figure 7-24: Poorly chosen centerpoint for spiral toolpath

Orienting the spiral—Use the Cutting method together with the Spiral clockwise option to orient the cutting passes. For most applications, the One way cutting method will cut from the center point outwards, while the Other way cutting method will cut from outside in.

Calculating stepover— You can specify the stepover between cutting passes in either of two ways:

entering a 2D stepover distance

specifying a maximum scallop height

The two fields are linked so that when you change one value, the other automatically updates.


Creating Surface High Speed Toolpaths

Follow this general outline to create surface high speed toolpaths. 1 Select Surface High Speed from the Toolpaths menu.

2 Review information in the 3D Advanced Toolpath Refinement dialog box, and then choose whether to activate this feature for your high speed surface toolpath. Click OK to close the dialog box and continue. (For more information on Toolpath Refinement, refer to Mastercam Help.)

3 When prompted to select the drive surfaces. choose one of the following techniques:

Use the General Selection ribbon bar to choose the drive surfaces.

Press [Enter] to display the Surface Selection dialog box where you can edit the drive surfaces, select a containment boundary, or choose an approximate start point.


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Note: This dialog box appears only if the following option is set in your .CONFIG file (Settings, System Configuration, Toolpaths properties):

Also, check surfaces are supported for only waterline, raster, spiral, and radial toolpaths.

Mastercam then displays the Surface High Speed Toolpaths dialog box as shown in Figure 7-25 on page 570.

4 Select Roughing or Finishing. Then choose the desired toolpath type.

5 Use the Tool page to select the tool and to enter feeds and speeds.

IMPORTANT: When you select or change the tool, Mastercam automatically updates values on the Cut parameters and Linking parameters pages, including values you may have entered manually. Many of the default values on these pages are associated with the tool selection. After changing a tool for a surface high speed toolpath, you should also verify settings in the Cut parameters and Linking parameters pages. See “Working with HST defaults” on page 415 to learn how to configure this behavior.

6 Use the Holder page to select or create a tool holder. Mastercam can gouge-check the toolpath with the tool holder, or display it while backplotting and verifying.

7 Use the Cut parameters pages to define the cutting strategy and configure the cutting passes. Cut parameters include all the settings for when the tool actually comes in contact with the part.

8 Use the Linking parameters pages to configure the tool movements between cutting passes. These pages generally affect tool moves through air.

9 Use the remaining pages to set other operation parameters. See “Setting Other Parameters” on page 614 for a description of each of these parameters.

10 Click OK to create the toolpath and add it to the Toolpath Manager.


Figure 7-25: Using the Surface High Speed Toolpaths dialog box

The Surface High Speed Toolpaths dialog box organizes all of your toolpath settings in one place. When you select or change the toolpath type, Mastercam changes the list of pages so that it displays only the relevant settings.

Creating other operations on the same partThe high speed toolpath interface makes it easy to create additional operations on the same set of surfaces—for example, finishing operations.

1 In the Toolpath Manager, copy and paste the original operation to create additional copies.

2 Click the Parameters icon on the new copy.

Common dialog box controls

Toolpath settings are organized in pages. Pages with a green check have settings that have been edited.

mark

Select or change toolpath type.

Edit or reselect toolpath geometry.

Quick View settings summarize key operation data no matter which page is displayed.


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3 Use the Toolpath Type page to edit the set of drive surfaces or tool containment boundary. For example, you might limit a finish pass to only certain surfaces or areas of the part.

4 Select the desired type of toolpath or finish operation. Mastercam updates the list of pages so that it shows only the settings relevant to the selected toolpath type.

5 Use the Tool page to select the finishing tool. Mastercam updates the cutting and linking parameters for the new tool.

6 Edit or update other operation parameters, as necessary.

7 Click OK to save the change.

8 Regenerate the operation.

Selecting Tools and Feed RatesUse the Tool page to select a tool, edit its properties, and enter feeds and speeds.

Selecting a tool—Use the large window to select a tool for the operation. Use any of these techniques:

The window by default displays all the tools that have been added to or are used in the current machine group. Click on a tool to use it in the operation.

If the tool you want to use is not displayed, choose Select library tool. This lets you select a tool from the tool library, and lets you change tool libraries if you wish.

Use the right-click menu to create an entirely new tool. The new tool definition will be stored only in the current machine group unless you choose to save it to a tool library.

When you select a tool, the other fields on the tab update with default values. You can override any of them by just typing in the desired values.

TIP: The Machine group properties tell Mastercam where to get the default values for many of the parameters.

To simplify the display, choose Filter to display only the tools from the library that meet filtering criteria.

Use right-click menu options to customize the display. If the tools are displayed as a list, click on column headers to sort the list. Reorder columns by dragging them.


Figure 7-26: Surface High Speed Toolpaths

Double–click a tool to edit its tool definition, or use the right–click menu.

TIP: You can select a tool from the library just by entering its tool number if you have the Search tool library option set in your Machine group properties.

Feeds and speeds—As soon as you select a tool, Mastercam inputs default feed rates and spindle speed. You can get the defaults in either of two ways:

Read them directly from the tool definition.

Dynamically calculate them from the material, operation type, and tool characteristics.

Click on a tool in the large window to use it for an operation.

Click Select library tool to get a new tool from the tool library. The green check mark next to a tool name means that it is used in an operation in the current machine group, but not necessarily the current operation.

Use the right-click menu in the large window to see many more options for managing feeds, speeds, and tools.


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Use the Machine group properties to tell Mastercam which type of default you prefer. Choose the Feed/speed calculator from the right-click menu to calculate different values by adjusting the tool and material characteristics. You can always override all of the defaults by simply typing in the values you want. You can enter separate values for plunging into the part or retracting from it, or you can choose to retract from the part with a rapid move.

The feed rate and spindle speed that you enter here are typically in effect for the entire operation. However, you can use the Change at Point function in the Chain Manager right–click menu to change them for specific moves. (You will learn more about this in “Editing Toolpath Chains” on page 395.)

More information on these features is available in the online help when you click the Help button.

Configuring Automatic Tool InspectionUse the Tool inspection/change options to force a retract move at set intervals so that the machine operator can inspect the tool. You can specify the interval in either of two ways:

the total distance that the tool has cut

the amount of time that the tool has been cutting

Mastercam looks only at the current operation when calculating when the tool should be inspected.

When the tool reaches an inspection point, it will retract and rapid off the part to the clearance plane according to the retract settings on the Linking parameters page. Once the inspection has been completed, the Linking parameters page settings also determine how the tool returns to the part.

Implementing tool inspection in the post—To support the tool inspection feature, a new flag has been added to the rpd_typ$ variable, with the value of 70000. This value will be used only to indicate a tool inspection stop. Mastercam will write this value to the NCI file on the final move to the clearance plane.


Working with HoldersHolder definitions for mill and router operations let you model tool holder geometry so that it can be used for gouge checking.

Holder definitions can be saved to libraries just like tool definitions, so that they can be selected for operations.

Holder libraries are stored in files with a .HOLDERS extension. The holder displays when you backplot or verify the toolpath.

Use the Holder page to work with tool holders. Choose a holder for the current operation by selecting it from the list. You can add holders to the list in several ways:

Click the Open library button and select a library of holders. Mastercam replaces the entire list with the contents of the library.

Define new holders. Click New holder, or right–click in the window and choose New special holder to create a holder of a pre-determined type.

When you select a holder, Mastercam displays a preview of its geometry. Each holder consists of a stack of trapezoidal segments. Edit the selected holder by clicking on a segment and changing its dimensions, or click New segment to add a new segment to the bottom of the holder.

Using holders for gouge checking—Select Use holder for gouge checking to activate the gouge checking feature. When Mastercam is calculating the toolpath while this


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option is active, it will check to make sure that the holder as defined in the Holder page does not come into contact with any part geometry.

Use the Holder clearance field to establish the minimum separation between the holder and your surface model.

Select the Clearance on holder bottom option to also apply the clearance value to the bottom of the holder.

When the gouge checking option is turned on, Mastercam displays the approximate holder clearance zone in red.

If you are leaving unmachined stock on the walls of your part, the holder clearance should be at least as large as your stock-to-leave value.

Mastercam displays a warning message if the toolpath was modified to eliminate possible gouges from the holder. This alerts you that the toolpath might not remove all the stock that you intend. If the toolpath does not need to be modified, no message will be displayed.

Regardless of whether you use the holder for gouge checking, the holder is always available for backplotting and verifying the toolpath.

Creating a tool holderFollow these steps to create a new mill/router holder definition for a high speed surface toolpath and, optionally, save it to a holder library.

Creating a tool holder1 If it is not already displayed on your screen, open the Holder page in the

Surface High Speed Toolpaths dialog box.

2 If you want the new holder to be part of an existing library, click Open library and select the desired library.

The Holders window lists all the holders from the selected library.

3 Click New holder. It is added to the list with a default name.


Note: The asterisk at the end of the new holder name indicates that the holder has not yet been saved to a library,

4 Right-click on the new holder in the list and choose Rename holder. Type in the desired name for the holder.

5 Click New segment. Mastercam displays the topmost segment of the holder profile, with default dimensions.

6 Edit the dimensions to the desired values.

7 Click New segment to add each additional segment. You can use up to 20 segments to define the holder.

8 If you want to save the new holder in the holder library, click Save Library. If no library is currently open, you will be prompted to enter a name and Mastercam will create the library.

If you do not save the holder to a library, it is saved only in the Mastercam part file.

Creating Cutting PassesThe Surface High Speed Toolpaths dialog box includes three sets of pages that are used to configure cutting passes. These pages together describe all the tool motions where the tool is in contact with the part.

Cut Parameters pages are used to configure the tool motion within each cutting pass.

Transition pages control how the tool enters each cutting pass.

Steep/Shallow pages let you limit the cutting passes to specific areas of your part.

For each type of page, Mastercam maintains different versions for each toolpath type. Each page displays only the options relevant to the selected toolpath type.

Using the Cut Parameters pagesMastercam includes several different groups of cut parameters for specific toolpath features. The different topics listed below describe how to apply each of them. The Cut Parameters page for each toolpath type displays only the features that are relevant to the toolpath type, so not all sections are applicable to all toolpaths.

This section includes the following topics:

“Configuring Z spacing and adaptive stepdown” on page 577

“Cutting methods for surface finish toolpaths” on page 581

“Overthickness” on page 583


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“Smoothing toolpaths” on page 585

“Tool containment” on page 587

“XY stepover” on page 589

Not every available cut parameter is described in these sections; click the Help button on any dialog box page to see detailed information about each field.

Configuring Z spacing and adaptive stepdownUse the Stepdown options to configure how Mastercam spaces the cuts in Z.

Figure 7-27: Adding cuts with adaptive stepdown

Note: Use the Add cuts feature to add additional cuts in shallow areas of the part.

Stepdown (constant Z)

Max profile stepover

Min stepdown


• Use Max profile stepover to limit the horizontal spacing as the surface gets flatter.

• Use the Min stepdown value to ensure that too many passes do not get created with very small differences in Z depth.

Mastercam can maintain a constant stepdown between passes, or you can choose the Add cuts option to configure adaptive stepdown strategies.

Core roughing, area clearance, and waterline toolpaths all use the Stepdown value on the Cut parameters page to maintain a constant Z spacing between cutting passes. However, in areas of your part where the profile is close to flat, maintaining a constant Z spacing can result in an unacceptably broad distance between cutting passes. Use the Add cuts feature to insert additional cutting passes in these areas.

Figure 7-27: Adding cuts with adaptive stepdown on page 577 shows how this works. Each horizontal line is a cutting pass seen from the side, separated by the Stepdown. The picture on the right shows the additional passes created by Add cuts. Use the Min stepdown and Max profile stepover values to configure the added cuts. Mastercam will add enough new cuts to maintain the maximum profile stepover, while spacing them each by at least as much as the minimum stepdown.

The Add cuts option will also result in cuts being added to island faces and similar flats, but the additional cuts are not guaranteed to be at the exact level of the island. The amount of stock remaining on the island face could be as much as the minimum step down amount.

IMPORTANT: For most applications, the Max profile stepover should be greater than the Stepdown. Otherwise, toolpath calculation time can increase significantly. If you think that your toolpath is taking too long to calculate, check to make sure that the Max profile stepover is less than the Stepdown.

Adjusting the rest material stock modelThe Rest material page includes a series of options that you can use to adjust the apparent size of the stock model and the amount of stock to be machined. The two


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Adjust… options approximate the effect of increasing or decreasing the size of the tool used to rough the part.


Choose Adjust remaining stock to ignore small cusps to simulate the effect of a stock model created from a larger tool. Because the tool is larger, Mastercam thinks that there is less stock remaining than there actually is, and so the rest roughing operation is created only in areas where the tool encounters a relatively large amount of stock. This decreases the area that is machined.

Choose Adjust remaining stock to mill small cusps to simulate the effect of a stock model created from a smaller tool. This is a more specialized strategy than the previous type of stock adjustment. In this case, because the tool is smaller, Mastercam thinks that there is more stock remaining than there actually is, and Mastercam creates cuts in areas that have already been machined. Even though this typically results in increased air cutting, it can be a useful strategy for certain applications:

Figure 7-28: Adjusting the stock model to ignore small cusps

Consider the part shown above, a simple hemisphere.

• A typical roughing operation would leave the stock shown in the top-right picture. Large cusps would be left at the top of the part and smaller cusps towards the bottom.

• A rest roughing operation would machine each of the cusps as shown in the middle picture. (A flat tool was used to make the cusps easier to see.)

• Selecting the option to Adjust remaining stock to ignore small cusps produces the results shown in the bottom picture. Mastercam ignores the small cusps on the bottom of the part and machines only the larger cusps between the red lines. This technique is ideal for a semi-finishing operation.

The other stock adjustment option (Adjust remaining stock to mill small cusps) would not have any noticeable effect on this part, since the rest material boundary already covers the entire part and all parts of the model can be easily reached by any tool.


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If you are rest roughing a small area, you can use this strategy to create more room for an entry or exit move.

If the rest material boundary is very irregular, this strategy might result in a smoother boundary.

Stock adjustment options are not available when you are using a CAD file as the stock model.

Cutting methods for surface finish toolpathsHigh speed scallop, pencil, and raster toolpaths let you select from several different cutting methods. These determine the direction and orientation of the cutting passes.

One way—Select One way to machine all the passes in a single default direction. Mastercam tries to maintain a climb milling orientation relative to the surface boundaries.

The example below shows a scallop toolpath applied to a surface which has an outer boundary plus an inner boundary around an island. Mastercam creates surface profiles which represent the surface boundaries offset by the stepover amount. The passes are linked so that they go in a one-way direction, to be climb-milled.

The inner, smaller circular arrow indicates the tool direction for passes near the island boundary.

The outer, larger circular arrow indicates the tool direction for machining the outer boundaries.

In this example, most machining occurs in a counterclockwise direction, as the tool works outwards from the innermost profile to the outside boundary. It then machines around the outer offset of the inner boundary, working inwards, in a clockwise direction.


The example below shows a typical pencil toolpath. Usually, the inner pass will be a single (open) pass, and the outer passes will form loops.

Other way—This option organizes the cutting passes in the same basic manner as One way, but simply reverses the direction, to maintain a conventional milling orientation.

Zigzag—Each pass is machined in the opposite direction to the previous pass. A short linking motion connects the two ends.

Down mill, Up mill—Select this option to break each pass into segments such that each piece is machined in a downward or upward direction. This is especially useful when you are using insert cutters that are restricted to a specific cutting direction. Flat sections can be machined in either direction; the Cut parameters page lets you specify a threshold angle to define which areas are considered flat. You can also


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specify an overlap distance to ensure that no cusps or unwanted scallops are left in the transition area where several passes begin in different directions.

Inside to out cutting for scallop toolpaths—Mastercam includes an option that lets you cut scallop toolpaths from inside to out, instead of just outside to in. This option is available for the One Way, Other Way, and Zigzag cutting methods.

With the One Way cutting method, cuts from the inside to out are counter-clockwise. This will mimic climb cutting in most (but not all) cases. With Other Way, the cuts are reversed to mimic conventional milling—again, in most, but not all cases.

OverthicknessOverthickness applies only to pencil toolpaths. Typically, Mastercam will create a pencil pass only where the radius of the filleted material between two surfaces is less than, or equal to, the radius of the tool. Use the Overthickness parameter to make the tool seem bigger than it really is and “force” a cutting pass where Mastercam otherwise would not create one.

Overlap

Cutting pass 1 Cutting pass 2

This picture shows how the overlap distance would be applied to down milling cutting passes. After down milling Cutting pass 1, the tool retracts to the start point for Cutting pass 2. When Mastercam calculates the start point for the second pass, it overlaps the first pass by the overlap distance.


Overthickness is often used when the tool is the same radius (or nearly the same) as the fillets between the surfaces. In these cases, you can get a certain amount of chatter in the toolpath, because at any given point the tool might be seen as slightly larger or smaller than the fillet, depending on the cut tolerance. Using an overthickness value in these situations can eliminate this effect and result in a smooth toolpath along the entire region. For this type of application, we suggest an overthickness value of 10 times the cut tolerance.

The pictures below show how overthickness is applied to your toolpath. Note that it does not result in either gouging or extra material being left on the part.

Figure 7-29: Applying overthickness

The corner radius of the original tool is smaller than the surface fillet, so without overthickness, no cutting pass would be created here.

An overthickness amount is applied to the tool, increasing its corner radius to larger than the surface fillet.

Mastercam calculates the points where the larger tool would contact the surface.


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To take advantage of this feature, enter an Overthickness amount in the Cut Parameters page for high speed pencil toolpaths.

Smoothing toolpathsUse the Smoothing option to have Mastercam round the corners of the toolpath. This lets the machine tool maintain a higher feed rate and reduces wear on the cutter. This feature is often used when roughing. It lets you remove large amounts of material quickly, without worrying about the exact rendering of edges.

Figure 7-30: Toolpath smoothing.

The toolpath is projected back onto the surface so that the original tool contacts the surface properly.

– Original toolpath – Smoothed toolpath

Max radius

Profile/offset tolerance

The amount of smoothing is determined by the offset/profile tolerances and the size of the radius Mastercam is allowed to insert in the toolpath. The profile and offset tolerance measure the maximum deviation between the computed toolpath and the smoothed one. Use the profile tolerance for the outermost profile, and the offset tolerance for the inner profile.


To use toolpath smoothing, select Smoothing in the Cut parameters page. Then, tell Mastercam how much smoothing you want. The amount of smoothing is constrained by the maximum radius that you enter, and the profile/offset tolerances, which determine the variance between the smoothed toolpath and the original toolpath.

Use the Max radius to limit the size of the arcs Mastercam will create to round the corners. A larger value will result in a smoother toolpath but with greater deviation from the unsmoothed version.

Use the Profile tolerance to determine the maximum deviation between the smoothed and unsmoothed toolpaths. The Profile tolerance is applied only on the outermost profile or cutting pass. The lower the value entered here, the less material will be missed by the smoothed toolpath.

Use the Offset tolerance in the same way as the Profile tolerance, but it is applied to all the inner passes. Unlike the Profile tolerance, changing the size of this value does not result in material being missed. (This value is not used for waterline toolpaths, since only a single offset profile is created.)

Because Mastercam first calculates the unsmoothed cutting pass, you need to make sure that the offset tolerance is less than the minimum XY Stepover on the Cut parameters page. Otherwise, the smoothed profile of one cutting pass could overlap the unsmoothed cutting pass at the next profile, and no further material would be cut.

Turning on toolpath smoothing often results in more cutting passes being created, so the actual stepover between each pass will tend to be smaller.


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TIP: In addition to the smoothing function on this page, use the Arc Filter/Tolerance page to eliminate or consolidate multiple, very small moves for even greater optimization. When activated, Mastercam's 3D Advanced Toolpath Refinement feature adds a Refine Toolpath button to the Arc Filter/Tolerance page. Use this button to access advanced filtering and smoothing parameters that refine toolpath motion within the specified total toolpath tolerance. For more information, refer to the Mastercam Help.

Tool containmentUse tool containment boundaries to control the tool’s position around the boundary of your part or the area being machined. Tool containment gives you an additional measure of control by restricting the tool inside a set of curves.

The tool containment boundary is a closed set of wireframe curves. The curves do not have to be part of the surfaces that are machined. For example, you can create custom guide geometry to precisely limit the tool movements.

You can select tool containment boundaries in either of two ways:

When you are selecting the surfaces to be machined.

From the Toolpath type page.

Use the tool containment options on the Cut parameters page to tell Mastercam how the tool behaves at the tool containment boundary.

You can choose to limit the tool to the outside of the boundary, or inside it. The following pictures show how the different containment options restrict the toolpath.

Inside—Entire tool stays inside the containment boundary.


Finally, for inside or outside containment, you can choose to adjust the tool position by entering an additional offset distance.

Enter a negative value to ensure that the edge of the tool overlaps the boundary by a small amount.

Enter a positive number to ensure that the tool is completely clear of the boundary.

The default option is to Add offset distance to tool radius. If you deselect this option, the distance from the center of the tool to the containment boundary will be the Offset distance that is entered here, regardless of the tool size. Figure 7-31 shows the difference.

TIP: Use the Create, Silhouette Boundary option or CreateBoundary C-Hook to quickly create a boundary curve that you can use for a containment boundary.

Outside—The toolpath is created inside the boundary, but the edge of the tool can travel on the outside edge of the boundary.

Center—The boundary limits the center of the tool.


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Figure 7-31: Offset distance for toolpath containment

XY stepoverEach Z level in a toolpath consists of a surface profile, which is the slice of curves created by the intersection of the drive surfaces and the tool plane, plus a series of concentric offset profiles that let the tool gradually approach the surfaces. Use the XY stepover parameters to configure the spacing between the passes.

The spacing between each profile is determined by the minimum and maximum XY stepover values. Mastercam will use the largest value possible (up to the maximum XY

Offset distance

Total offset distance

Offset distance = Total offset distance

You can offset the tool from the containment boundary in either of two ways. You can enter an offset distance as an absolute number (left picture), or add it to the tool radius (right picture).


stepover) that does not leave unwanted upstands of material between the passes. However, it will not separate the passes by less than the minimum stepover.

Generally, if each profile is offset by no more than the tool radius, then the whole area will be cleared. In certain cases where the profile is very smooth, it is possible to offset the profiles by as much as the tool diameter and still clear the area. Obviously, spacing the profiles by more than the tool diameter will leave many upstands between the passes, looking somewhat like a maze. Between these two extremes—the radius and the diameter—there is an ideal stepover where the area will be cleared leaving no upstands. Mastercam uses an advanced algorithm to find this ideal value.

IMPORTANT: If you are using toolpath smoothing, make sure that the minimum stepover is greater than the Offset Tolerance value and less than the radius of the tool shaft. The maximum stepover should be less than twice the minimum stepover.

TIP: The XY stepover is a 2D value measured parallel to the tool plane. If you wish, you can use a scallop toolpath to maintain a constant stepover measured along the surface.

Leaving stock on drive and check surfacesWhen specifying how much stock to leave on your drive surfaces, Mastercam lets you enter separate values for the wall and floor surfaces. This feature is available for both roughing and finishing operations.

For roughing operations, specify stock to leave for a finishing operation.

For finishing operations, you can use these values to accomplish specific application goals. For example, when machining shallow areas, you can use a large stock to leave amount to keep the tool away from walls. Or you can use them to create a spark gap when machining electrodes.

Note that the stock to leave on walls must be greater than or equal to the stock left on the floor. The only exception is for horizontal area finish passes.


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For surfaces that are not exactly horizontal or vertical, Mastercam will interpolate between the wall and floor values. When calculating the toolpath, Mastercam adds the stock to leave amounts to the tool radius in each direction. The following diagram shows how this is calculated for a part with 3mm stock left on the wall, and 1mm on the floor.

Figure 7-32: Calculating stock to leave for non-flat, non-vertical surfaces

Mastercam calculates stock to leave by creating a virtual tool. It does this by adding the stock to leave amounts to the actual tool, and then calculating a toolpath. When you cut the part with the actual tool, it will leave the stock shown above.

For toolpath types that support check surfaces, the stock left on the check surface will be the larger of the Stock to leave amount for the walls or floors.

Minimizing tool burialMastercam’s high speed surface toolpaths have been specially designed for high speed machining and hard milling applications. Because of this, it is important to detect and avoid circumstances where the tool is fully buried or is engaging too much material for the high speed strategies to be safely employed. Select Minimize burial on the Trochoidal motion page to have Mastercam automatically insert trochoidal loops in your toolpath in areas where the tool might be fully buried. This option is available for the following toolpath types:

Core roughing

Area clearance

Horizontal area

Calculatedtoolpath

Leftoverstock

Actual tool


Figure 7-33: Minimizing tool burial with trochoidal loops

For example, in the part shown at right, you can see the loops that Mastercam inserts as the tool approaches the area between the two bosses. As the tool is forced to engage more material because of the part geometry, Mastercam calculates smaller loops. Hold your mouse over the picture to see the same toolpath with Minimize tool burial turned off. You can see that the tool will be fully buried as it passes between the bosses.

Loops minimize tool burial in area between bosses.

With Minimize tool burial turned off, the tool moves straight through the area with greater than expected tool burial


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Note: Inserting the loops typically results in increased machining time. If you are confident that a fully buried tool does not pose a problem for your application, you can de-select the Minimize burial option. For most applications, however, this should be turned on by default, since Mastercam only inserts the loops if it detects problem areas in the toolpath.

Configuring trochoidal loops—Use the options on the Trochoidal motion page to control how Mastercam minimizes tool burial.

Use the Initial loop radius to determine how large the loops are. Specify the size of the radius as a percentage of the tool diameter.

Use the Stepover adjustment to control the spacing between the loops. This is specified as a percentage of the Maximum stepover from the Cut parameters page. This value increases the amount of material that the tool is allowed to engage before Mastercam begins creating loops. The default is 0 (zero), meaning that the amount of tool engagement that is allowed will be no greater than what would be allowed by the Maximum stepover. Increase this value to create fewer loops. Fewer loops will result in decreased machining time, but greater tool burial.

Initial loop radius

Stepover adjustment

Expected materialengagement


If Mastercam does not have enough room to create loops at the initial size, it will create successively smaller loops. The Retry loop radius specifies how large each new loop will be as a percentage of the previous loop.

For example, if your Initial loop radius is 16mm, and the Retry loop radius is 50, Mastercam will create an 8mm loop if the 16mm loop is too large. If the 8mm loop is too large, it will then create a 4mm loop.

Use the Minimum loop radius to specify the smallest loop that Mastercam will create. This is also set as a percentage of the tool diameter.

If the Minimum loop radius is still too large to fit, Mastercam will continue the toolpath with no loops. For these segments, you can specify a Feedrate adjustment to slow down the tool. Use the slower feedrate to compensate for

Retry loop radius

Minimum loop radius


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the greater tool burial in those portions of the toolpath. This is specified as a percentage of the value on the Tool page.

Using the Transitions PagesTransitions pages typically describe how the tool approaches each Z level. The strategies are quite different for roughing and finishing toolpaths.

“Entry moves for roughing toolpaths” on page 595 describes ramp and helical entry options.

“Entry and transition moves for finishing toolpaths” on page 597 describes the high speed transition options available for most finishing toolpaths.

“Transition moves for raster toolpaths” on page 600 describes the more limited options for raster toolpaths, which typically do not have the same Z transitions as other toolpaths.

Entry moves for roughing toolpathsUse the Transitions page to configure the entry move that the tool will make as it transitions between Z levels. You can choose to create either a ramp entry, or helical entry move. You can also choose whether to apply the regular feed rate, or the plunging rate to these moves.

The difference between these moves and the approach/retract moves on the Linking parameters page is that the linking moves connect multiple cuts on the same Z level, while these moves control the transition to a new set of cuts on a different Z level.

Helical and ramp entries are used by the following toolpath types:

Core roughing

Area clearance

Horizontal area

Feedrate adjustment


Ramp entry—For entry ramps, Mastercam creates an entry move that parallels the profile that is being machined, instead of a simple straight line. Enter a Minimum profile distance that tells Mastercam how large the profile needs to be for the entry ramp to fit. Mastercam will not create an entry ramp if the length of the profile to be cut is less than the Minimum profile value. Mastercam will always create a ramp move so that the ramp length is at least as long as the radius of the tool.

The ramp starts at the Z clearance distance above the level of the previous cut, so that the tool transitions smoothly from the rapid approach into the stock. The Plunge angle that you enter is a maximum value; Mastercam will calculate an appropriate angle that will be no larger than the value you enter.

Figure 7-34: Entry ramp for roughing toolpath

Entry helix—You can also choose to create a helical entry to each cutting level. Enter the desired Radius of the helix; if the profile is too small to create a helix of this size, Mastercam will create a ramp move instead. Like an entry ramp, the helix starts at the Z clearance distance above the level of the previous cut.

Top of stock left by previous cut

Depth of next programmed cut

Plunge angle

Z clearance

Minimum profile


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Figure 7-35: Entry helix for roughing toolpath

If your control does not support helical arcs, deselect the Output arc moves option. Mastercam will instead approximate the helix with many small linear moves.

Entry and transition moves for finishing toolpathsUse the Transitions page to configure the entry move that the tool will make as it transitions to new Z levels. The difference between these moves and the approach/retract moves on the Linking parameters page is that the linking moves connect multiple cuts on the same Z level, while these moves control the transition to a new set of cuts on a different Z level. This section applies to all finish toolpath types except raster and horizontal area toolpaths.

Select Tangential ramp to create a true high speed transition between the cutting passes. Mastercam inserts arcs at the beginning and end of the ramp for the smoothest tool motion into and out of the move.

Top of stock left by previous cut

Depth of next programmed cut

Z clearance

Plunge angle

Radius

Front view Side view


Select Ramp to move between passes with a straight line at an angle that you specify.

Select Straight to move between passes with a simple vertical line.




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Minimum profile controls for avoiding small pocketsThe Transitions page for roughing and horizontal area toolpaths includes additional controls that let you avoid pockets if they are smaller than a threshold that you specify.

Use these controls to solve the problem where Mastercam thinks that a pocket is large enough to accommodate the tool, but the entry move is so compressed that the tool is effectively plunging into the part.

Use the Skip pockets smaller than field to specify the smallest pocket that you want Mastercam to consider cutting. Pockets smaller than this value will be skipped over. A typical value is 110% of the tool diameter.

Use the Preferred profile length to also define the smallest allowable pocket, but as a function of the length of the entry ramp. The Preferred profile length replaces the Minimum profile parameter from earlier versions of Mastercam. Mastercam will try to maintain this preference, but this is not guaranteed. In this case, the Skip pockets smaller than field serves as a backup by letting you specify an absolute minimum size that Mastercam will not violate.


Transition moves for raster toolpathsUse the Transitions page to configure the type of transition between raster passes.

Select Smooth to create high speed arc moves between each pass. Each transition move consists of an arc move into and out of the transition, plus a spline curve which approximately follows the boundary.

Select Straight to connect each pass with a simple straight line.

The difference between these moves and the moves on the Linking parameters page is that the linking moves control how the tool retracts from the part between cutting passes. For example, when you have selected a one-way cutting method, and the tool rapids across the part to begin each pass, Mastercam uses the moves in the Linking parameters page. The moves shown in the pictures above would be useful for zigzag

Smooth transition

Straight transition


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cutting methods or down/up milling when the end of one pass is very close to the beginning of the next one.

Using the Steep/Shallow pagesUse the options on the Steep/Shallow pages to limit how much of your drive surfaces will be machined. Typically these options are used to create machining passes in steep or shallow areas, but they can be useful for many different part shapes.

“Using surface angle to create a machining zone” on page 601 describes how to create cutting passes on only those areas of the part where the surface angle lies between specific values. For example, to machine only the areas that are flat or almost flat, you might enter an angle range of 0 (zero) to 2.

Note: The Angle options are not available for roughing or horizontal area toolpaths.

“Using Z limits to create a machining zone” on page 603 describes how to restrict the cuts to the zone created by minimum and maximum depth values. For example, if you enter 10 and 50, the highest cutting pass will be at 10mm, and the deepest will be at 50mm.

“Using contact areas to create a machining zone” on page 604 describes how to force Mastercam to create cutting passes only where the tool is actually in contact with a drive surface. This can eliminate circumstances where Mastercam might otherwise create cutting passes through air. For example, in a surface with a boss that is being machined, multiple “cuts” might be created around the outer boundary where no stock actually exists.

Using surface angle to create a machining zoneMastercam lets you limit the toolpath to only areas of the drive surfaces that lie between a minimum and maximum angle that you specify. This lets you limit the toolpath to areas that are best suited to the toolpath type, your part, and your specific machining application. For example, waterline toolpaths are most effective on steeper surfaces. This is because the spaces between the passes are calculated from the stepdown value, and on areas of your surfaces where there is little change in Z height, the spaces between the passes can be too large to produce satisfactory results.


In the following toolpath, the machining zone was limited to surface angles between 30 and 90 degrees:

Enter the desired range of angles on the Steep/Shallow page. Enter values between 0 and 90 only; Mastercam will automatically account for the direction of the surface. For example, 30 degree and 150 degree angles are considered the same. The picture below shows how the minimum and maximum angles are applied.

Figure 7-36: Using surface angle to limit cutting passes

Note: Surface angle limits are not available for roughing toolpaths or horizontal area toolpaths.

Min angle

Max angle

Machining zone


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Using Z limits to create a machining zoneUse the Z limit settings to establish the heights of the highest and lowest cutting passes, regardless of the drive surface geometry. Select the Use Z depths option on the Steep/Shallow page to apply Z limits, and then enter the Minimum and Maximum Z depths. You can also click Depth limits to pre-set the Minimum and Maximum fields with values from the selected drive surfaces, and then edit as necessary. Note that Minimum refers to the minimum depth—in other words, the highest point in your toolpath.

If Use Z depths is not selected, Mastercam will automatically create cutting passes at all depths on your drive surfaces (consistent with your other cutting parameters).

Figure 7-37: Using Z limits to define the cutting area

You can use a maximum Z depth to prevent the tool from falling indefinitely if it moves off the edges of the surface. In the example below, with a maximum Z depth

Cutting passes

Cutting passes with Z limits applied

Maximum Z depth

Minimum Z depth


applied, when the tool moves off the surface, it continues at the maximum Z depth and falls no further.

You can set your minimum Z depth higher than the highest point on your drive surface to effectively add extra machining height. You can also set it below the top of your surfaces; for example, when you want to cut a deep cavity using several separate cutter paths.

Using contact areas to create a machining zoneMastercam’s surface high speed toolpaths include an option to create cutting passes only where the programmed tool position would actually contact a surface. This is useful for toolpaths where Mastercam might create cutting passes along unnecessary areas such as the outside border of a drive surface. To use this feature, select the Contact areas only option in the Steep/Shallow page. To disable it and create cutting passes along the entire surface and boundary, select Contact and inside.

The following picture shows a waterline toolpath created with the Contact and inside option. Cutting passes have been created along both the central boss and the outer boundary. You can see that the passes along the boundary are cutting only air. (To show this more clearly, we did not create cutting passes in the flat areas.)


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To eliminate the passes along the outer boundary, select Contact areas only. Mastercam limits the toolpath to the boss, where the tool is in contact with the surface, and eliminates the air cutting passes.

Linking the Cutting PassesLinking strategies are a more advanced application of the gap settings used in other Mastercam toolpaths. Use them to optimize the transitions between cutting passes for high speed tool motions and to control the tool movements when the tool is not in contact with the part.

There are two sets of pages:

Linking parameters pages let you create the transitions between passes.

Home/Ref.point pages let you define intermediate points that are used when the tool is rapiding towards or away from the part.

Using the Linking parameters pagesUse this page to create the links between the cutting passes. In general, you can think of linking moves as air moves where the tool is not in contact with the part, compared to the cutting moves that are configured on the Cut parameters page. There are several components to creating the linking moves:

“Retract methods” on page 606 determine how the tool will move between the end of one pass and the beginning of another.

“Retracts and leads” on page 609 describes how the tool moves onto and off of the part at the start and end of each cutting pass.

“Fitting and trimming high speed toolpaths” on page 611 describes how the entry and exit arcs will be fitted into each pass.


Note: Mastercam will create linking moves only when the spacing between cutting passes is greater than the Keep tool down within distance on the Cut parameters page.

Retract methodsThe Linking parameters page lets you select either of three retract methods.

These determine how the tool moves from the end of one cutting pass to the beginning of the next one.

Minimum distance—Mastercam calculates a direct route from one pass to the next, incorporating curves on/off the part and to/from the retract height to speed progress. You can specify a minimum height that the tool must maintain above the part, otherwise the height is determined by the size of the entry and exit arcs. The pictures below show a toolpath that uses Minimum distance retract. The red moves show the retract and linking moves. You can see how in a part with an irregular profile like the one in the picture, this retract method provides for significantly more efficient tool motion between each cut. To learn more about how to configure each retract component for this method, see “Retracts and leads” on page 609.


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Figure 7-38: Minimum distance retract method

Minimum vertical retract—The tool moves vertically to the minimum Z height needed to clear the surface. It then moves along this plane in a straight line, and drops down vertically to the start of the next pass. The minimum height of the retract is set by the Part clearance.

Figure 7-39: Minimum vertical retract method


Mastercam applies the Lead parameters from the Linking parameters page to the cutting pass to calculate the base location for each approach and retract move. These include entry/exit arcs and linear entry/exit extensions.

Figure 7-40: Parameters for minimal vertical retract

Full vertical retract—The tool moves vertically to the clearance plane. It then moves along this plane in a straight line, and drops down vertically to the start of the next pass. The height of the move is set by the Clearance plane value.

Figure 7-41: Full vertical retract method

Mastercam applies the Lead parameters from the Linking parameters page to the cutting pass to calculate the base location for each approach and retract move. These include entry/exit arcs and linear entry/exit extensions.

Vertical arc entry

Linear entryLinear exit

Vertical arc exit

rapid move to start of next pass

Part clearance


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Figure 7-42: Parameters for full vertical retract

The Linking parameters page also includes an option to convert the rapid move between passes to a feed rate move. You might wish to do this when the tool needs to make many irregular moves per pass to jump between different areas of the part. This option is also useful for older machines which create dogleg moves for rapids. Select Output feed move and enter the desired feed rate.

Retracts and leadsMastercam divides the moves that link cutting passes into a number of discrete components so that you can have the maximum degree of control over them. These are available on the Linking parameters page.

Figure 7-43 shows the relationship between the different parameters when you select the Minimum distance retract method. Mastercam divides the move into two zones: to/from the retract plane, and to/from the part. Each move is a separate arc.

Curl down is the radius of the arc as the tool moves away from the retract height.

Vertical arc entry is the radius of the arc as the tool moves toward the part.

Vertical arc exit is the radius of the arc as the tool comes off the part.

The Linear entry/exit distance extends the entry and exit vectors.

Vertical arc entry

Linear entryLinear exit

Vertical arc exit

rapid move to start of next pass

Clearance plane


Curl up is the radius of the arc as the tool moves to the retract height.

Use the Fitting parameters on the Linking parameters page to modify how the entry and exit arcs are actually applied to the cutting pass. (See “Fitting and trimming high speed toolpaths” on page 611.)

Figure 7-43: Parameters for minimum distance retracts

Typically, the height of the retract move is determined by the size of the arcs that you enter. Use the Part clearance to define the minimum height that the tool needs to maintain over the part. Mastercam will automatically extend the linear entry/exit moves if necessary to maintain the skim distance.

Note: Waterline and horizontal area finish toolpaths also include options to create horizontal entry/exit arcs, to ensure that the tool remains clear of sidewalls or other part geometry.

1. Curl down

3. Vertical arc entry

2. Linear entry

cutting pass

5. Linear exit

4. Vertical arc exit

6. Curl uprapid move to start of next pass

Part clearance (minimum)

Each numbered element, as well as the Part clearance, corresponds to a field on the Linking parameters page. The left side of the picture shows how the tool retracts from the part to the retract plane, and the right side shows how the tool approaches the part from the cutting plane.


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Fitting and trimming high speed toolpathsUse the Fitting options on the Linking parameters page to choose how the entry and exit arcs fit to the ends of the cutting passes.

Machine entire pass—The path of the tool will match the surface, including vertical surfaces and the corners. An arc will be inserted only at the end of the pass, and then only if it can be done safely without hitting the part.

Fully trim pass—In cases where it is important to prevent over-machining, select the Fully trim strategy. The pass is trimmed back so the entire arc fits into it, but no nearer than a full machine pass link would be.

Trimming distance


Minimize trimming—The path of the retract will be as close to the surface as possible, maintaining a minimum distance from the surface to fit the arc.

Using the maximum trimming distance—Use the Max trimming distance parameter to limit the amount of trimming applied to non-horizontal passes. When a lead arc is added to a horizontal machining pass, the length of pass trimmed off will be at most the radius of the arc. However, when adding an arc to a steep finishing pass, the total length of pass trimmed—that is, the trimming distance—can be much greater, as shown in the picture below. To avoid this, the Max trimming distance limits the trimming distance; if the amount trimmed would exceed this value, then no arc is used. Instead, the whole pass is machined, and a straight vertical motion is added.

Figure 7-44: Applying maximum trimming distance

Minimum spacing

Amount trimmed

Originaltoolpath

Trimmedtoolpath


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Home/Ref. Points pageUse this page to define reference points, a home position, or both.

A reference point is a location that the tool moves to between the home position and the start or end of the toolpath.

The home position is typically where the tool moves for tool changes and at the end of the NC program.

You can create separate reference points for approach and retract moves.

The next move between the reference position and your part is typically to the clearance plane, as defined on the Linking parameters page.

Defining a home position—Specify the home position in one of three ways:

Enter coordinate positions directly in the fields. Enter coordinate values relative to the current Tplane and Tplane origin.

Choose From machine to read the home position from the machine definition.

Click the button to select a point from the graphics window.

Defining reference positions—First, select Approach or Retract to enable the reference point feature for that move. If neither type is selected, the tool will rapid directly from the home position to the first programmed position in the operation.

Second, set the coordinates of each point. Use any of the following techniques.

Figure 7-45: Reference points and home positions

Home position

Reference pt – Retract

Reference pt – Approach


Type the coordinate positions directly in the dialog box fields. Use the X-Y-Z check boxes to activate each axis. For example, if X and Y are cleared and only Z is selected, the tool will rapid straight up to the specified Z height at the end of the toolpath with no change in X or Y.

Choose From machine to read the home position from the machine definition. Reference points are stored as part of the axis combination properties. Each axis combination can have a different set of reference points associated with it that you can load here.

Click the button to select a point from the graphics window.

Choose Absolute to set the reference point relative to the origin (0,0,0) or choose Incremental to set the reference point relative to the first/last move in the toolpath.

Setting Other ParametersThe Surface High Speed Toolpaths dialog box also includes several other parameter pages that let you further customize your operation and configure it for your machine tool. These are common to all toolpath types.

“Arc Filter/Tolerance page” on page 615 controls the cut tolerance and lets you filter very small moves from the toolpath. It also includes an option to create toolpath fillets. When activated, Mastercam's 3D Advanced Toolpath Refinement feature adds a Refine Toolpath button to the Arc Filter/Tolerance page. Use this button to access advanced filtering and smoothing parameters that refine toolpath motion within the specified total toolpath tolerance.

“Canned Text page” on page 623 describes how to insert canned text commands that have been defined in your post processor.

“Coolant page” on page 624 describes how to control the coolant options that have been defined in the current machine definition.

“Miscellaneous Values page” on page 625 describes how to set values for custom variables that have been defined in your post processor.

“Planes (WCS) page” on page 625 lets you define the planes in which the toolpath is created.

Use the “Rotary Axis control page” on page 627 to configure rotary axis motion for your toolpath.

Use the“Rotary Axis control page” on page 627 to select an axis combination for this operation. Axis combinations identify which components of the machine correspond to each axis in the current coordinate system.

Experienced Mastercam users will recognize these pages from other Mastercam toolpaths.


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Arc Filter/Tolerance pageUse this page to control toolpath tolerances. Typically, this involves the following sets of parameters:

Filter ratio and total tolerance—Mastercam is a total tolerance system, based on the sum of the cut tolerance and filter tolerance and the ratio between them. For example, you can tell Mastercam to maintain a 2:1 ratio between the filter and cut tolerance, and a total tolerance of .003 inches. Mastercam automatically sets the filter tolerance to .002 inches, and the cut tolerance to .001 inches. Whenever you change one value, Mastercam automatically updates the others.

Typically, the ratio of filter tolerance to cut tolerance is 2:1. Using the total tolerance prevents assigning too large or too small a ratio of filter tolerance to cut tolerance.

Select Custom to override the preset ratios with your own specific values for cut and filter tolerance.

Select Off to disable toolpath filtering.

Refine toolpath—When you activate Mastercam's 3D Advanced Toolpath Refinement for your Mastercam installation, a Refine Toolpath button is added to the Arc Filter/Tolerance page.

Use this button to open the Refine Toolpaths dialog box where you can refine the toolpath to reduce machining time and improve the machined surface quality.


Figure 7-46: Refine Toolpaths dialog box

Mastercam uses the values you enter here to convert the toolpath originally created using G1, G2, G3 motions to a refined set of “smoothed” G1 motions wherever possible, and within the tolerances you specify. Smoothing redistributes a toolpath’s node points, avoiding the clustering and grouping of points that can cause marks and other imperfections. It does this through shifting, removing, and/or adding node points along an already generated toolpath.


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Toolpath Refinement – Line/arc Filtering Settings

When you activate Line/Arc Filtering Settings, Mastercam replaces very small moves within the defined line/arc filter tolerance with larger ones wherever possible.

Figure 7-47: Illustration of Arc Filtering Algorithm

Figure 7-48: Example of Arc Filtering (left – unfiltered toolpath, right – filtered)

Figure 7-49: Illustration of Line Filtering


Figure 7-50: Example of Line Filtering (left – unfiltered toolpath, right – filtered)

You can apply the same maximum line and arc tolerance value to lines and arcs, or choose to tighten the tolerance more for lines or arcs as required by your application.

Line/arc filtering significantly reduces the number of NC-blocks in the post, and may improve the machined precision of the part as well as its surface quality.

When to use Line/Arc Filtering

In 3D surface machining, line/arc filtering works best for “kinematic” surfaces such as planes, cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Line/arc filtering may NOT be suitable for sculptural (free form) surfaces.

What to expect from Line/Arc Filtering

Improved quality of the machined surface.

Reduced NC program length.

Line/Arc Filtering Precautions

May increase 3D surface faceting if applied to sculptural surfaces. To avoid this effect, independently reduce the line filtering tolerance (select Tighten Line filtering tolerance and reduce the percentage allocation), or turn off the line/arc filter by deselecting the Line/Arc Filtering Settings check box.

In the post processor, avoid using the Radius method of defining arcs (format: G2/3 X…Y...R…). Radius arc definitions may produce gouges on surfaces when the central angle of an arc is close to 180 angle degrees. To prevent this problem, use a different method of defining arcs in the post processor, such as the IJK method (format: G2/3 X…Y…I…J…).

Toolpath Refinement – Smoothing Settings

Smoothing improves the quality of the machined surfaces and also creates better cutting conditions for the tools, decreasing tool wear.


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Figure 7-51: Illustration of Smoothing Algorithm

1 Represents a given set of tool motions (unsmoothed).

2 Defines the curve (spline) that is the best fit for this set of points within the defined tolerance.

3 Shows the smoothed redistribution of points along the curve. (Point density depends on the local curvature.)

The following sample images show the surface quality improvements smoothing provides.

Figure 7-52: Before Smoothing (left) – After Smoothing (right)

When to use Smoothing

To improve any machined surface quality, especially “free form” surfaces.

To speed up the machining process.


What to expect from Smoothing

Improved quality of the machined surface in both roughing and finishing by reducing faceting, marks, and other surface machining defects.

Reduced machining time for NC machines that support “high speed mode” (where feedrate acceleration is possible).

Reduced tool wear.

Smoothing Precautions

Increased NC program length, especially when Use Fixed Segment Length is activated.

Filter settings—Toolpath filtering lets you replace multiple very small linear moves—within the filter tolerance—with single arc moves to simplify the toolpath.

Select the planes in which your control is capable of creating arcs.

Enter minimum and maximum arc radius values to control the size of the arcs Mastercam creates in the filtered toolpath.

Toolpath fillets—Select the Toolpath fillet option to have Mastercam insert an arc of the specified radius in the toolpath at sharp corners. The radius value that you enter here should be at least as large as the radius of the finish tool.

Note: The fillets are created as tool motions only. They are not saved as part of your surface model, and they have no effect on your part geometry.

Filleting toolpathsUse toolpath fillets to create a toolpath that automatically leaves fillets at the corners between the surfaces. The fillets are created entirely by the programmed tool motion, and have no effect at all on your surface model or part geometry. For many parts, this can be much easier and faster than actually creating the surface fillets in your part geometry. This feature is available for all surface high speed toolpaths.


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Figure 7-53: Toolpath fillets

Note that the fillets are created not only along the direction of the tool motion, but across it as well. For example, consider a toolpath that machined the inside corner shown here with a series of waterline passes down the walls:

These two pictures show how you can use toolpath fillets to help create the smooth, free-flowing tool motions needed for high speed machining. The picture on the left shows the original toolpath with no toolpath fillets. You can see the sharp corners as the tool transitions between part features. The picture on the right shows the same part with toolpath fillets applied. When creating the fillets, make sure that the fillet radius is larger than the tool radius.


With filleting turned off, the cutting passes would look like this:

Top view

Side view


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With toolpath filleting turned on, Mastercam would create fillets in both the vertical corner and along the bottom edges. The cutting passes would then look like this:

Toolpath filleting can seem similar to toolpath smoothing, but there is an important difference. Toolpath filleting looks at your part model to calculate the fillets, while toolpath smoothing looks directly at the calculated tool motion. For example, if you cut a 6mm fillet with a 12mm ball mill, the toolpath will still have a sharp corner. Toolpath smoothing, on the other hand, would identify and apply an arc to that corner.

To create the fillets, select the Toolpath fillet option on the Arc Filter/Tolerance page and enter the desired radius of the fillets. The radius that you enter here should be larger than the radius of the tool.

Canned Text pageUse this page to insert canned text commands in your NC program. Canned text commands selected here will be inserted at the tool change block for the operation. You can choose to insert the commands either immediately before or after the tool change block, or as part of it.

Top view

Side view


Note: The canned text commands that are available to you depend on the current control definition.

To insert commands in your program, follow these steps.

Inserting canned text commands1 Click on a canned text command in the left window to highlight it.

2 Choose Before, With, or After to tell Mastercam where you want the command inserted relative to the active point or tool change block.

Mastercam copies the selected command to the proper window.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to build lists of commands at the desired locations in your program.

You can add as many commands as you wish to the list, as well as multiple instances of the same command.

Note: Depending on how the coolant settings for your control and post are defined, you might also see coolant options included in the list of available canned text options. If this is the case, selecting a canned text coolant option here has the same effect as choosing it in the Coolant page.

TIP: Use the Change at point dialog box to insert canned text at specific points in the toolpath, other than the tool change block.

Coolant pageUse this page to turn coolant on or off. The coolant options that are available to you are defined in the active machine definition. For each type of coolant, you can set a maximum of two states:

Turn the coolant on, off, or maintain the current state (as set by a previous operation or point).

Apply the change at the current location/block, before it, or after it.

Your machine definition might not allow all possible states. For example, you might be limited to a simple On/Off toggle. You can also turn on several different coolant options at the same time, if your machine definition allows it.

Generally, you will be able to turn different coolant options off individually. However, for some machines, the first coolant off code will turn off all coolant. The coolant section of the machine definition contains this setting.


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Note: Each tool definition can include a default coolant selection; this will be automatically used for an operation if the Use tool’s step, peck, coolant option is turned on in the Tool Settings tab of the Machine Group Properties dialog box.

Miscellaneous Values pageUse this page to enter values for custom parameters that have been defined for the current post processor. For each post processor, you can define up to ten variables with (floating point) values, and ten variables with integer values. You can set the values for them in any of four ways:

Enter values directly in each field. The values are stored with the operation.

Choose Set to post values to read the default values stored in the post processor file. You can edit or override the default values by entering new values here. The values are stored with the operation.

Choose Set to op defaults to read the default values stored in the .defaults file. You can edit or override the default values by entering new values here. The values are stored with the operation.

Use the Misc Int/Real page in the Control Definition Manager to manage the default values and behavior. The exact appearance of this dialog and the fields that it displays will vary depending on the selected machine. Choose Automatically set to post values when posting to disable all the other fields and controls on this dialog box. Mastercam will disregard all the information from this dialog and will read the values from the post processor when you post. This lets you use updated values whenever your post processor changes, without needing to edit each operation. No values are stored with the operation.

Planes (WCS) pageUse this page to set the planes in which your toolpath will be created. The tool plane (Tplane) is typically the plane normal to the tool axis, while the construction plane (Cplane) is the plane in which the tool movements are created. For most applications, these will be the same.

Use the left/right arrow buttons to copy plane selections and origins to other sections.

Click on the View Selection button to select a new view for either the Tplane, Cplane, or work coordinate system (WCS).

You can also use this dialog box to enter a new origin point for either plane. Type the coordinates of the new origin directly in the dialog box, or choose the Select button and click on the desired location in the graphics window.


If you wish, you can also enter a work offset code that will be output with the operation when you post it.

TIP: You can display the work offset number with the operation in the Toolpath Manager.

Click the Help button in this page to learn more about planes, WCS, or using work offsets.

Axis combination pageUse this page to view the axis combinations for the current operation.

Axis combinations identify which components of the machine correspond to each axis in the current coordinate system. They are typically needed when a machine tool has several components that use the same axis; for example, on a multi-spindle lathe, each spindle uses the Z axis. An axis combination would identify the set of spindle and turret components to be used in a particular operation that together define the axes in the coordinate system.

Axis combinations are defined and stored with the machine definition. Every machine definition includes at least one axis combination, named Default. Typically, only multi-axis/multi-turret lathes require you to set up additional axis combinations. For most mills and routers, the default axis combination will be sufficient.


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Rotary Axis control pageUse this page to configure rotary axis motion for your toolpath.

Select one of three types of rotary motion:

No rotation

Use Rotary axis positioning to index the part to a specified tool plane. The tool can then move in three axes.

Use 3-axis to rotate the part while the tool axis stays parallel to the axis of rotation. Also called polar conversion, this replaces linear motion in X, Y, or Z with rotary motion. For example, if this is enabled about the Y axis, instead of the tool moving linearly in Y, the part will rotate to the Y-axis position. This is typically used to machine a toolpath on a face of a part.

Use Axis substitution to wrap a toolpath around a cylinder. The geometry can be either flat or already properly oriented in 3D space (select the Unroll option if this is so).

Once you select the type of rotary motion, select the axis about which the part will rotate.


Before you can create rotary axis motion, you need to properly configure the rotary axis components in your machine definition. You will only be able to select rotary axis options which are supported by your machine definition.

Note: Mastercam can simulate the rotary axis performance while backplotting the toolpath. To enable this feature, go to the Backplot Options dialog box and select Simulate Axis Substitution or Simulate Rotary Axis.

Multiaxis ToolpathsIn this section, you will learn about:

Standard Multiaxis Toolpaths (page 628)

Advanced Multiaxis Toolpaths (page 639)

Standard Multiaxis ToolpathsMultiaxis toolpaths allow freedom of motion in the tool axis rather than restricting tool motion to the Z axis as with other toolpath types. You can create multiaxis toolpaths when working with 4-axis and 5-axis machine tools. Based on the selected machine tool, you can choose a 3-, 4-, or 5-axis toolpath output format, as outlined below.

Multiaxis toolpaths require the machine definition to have one rotary axis for 4-axis output, and two rotary axes for 5-axis output. To enable the multiaxis toolpath menu selections and toolbar, select a multiaxis machine as the current machine definition.

In this section, you will learn to create multiaxis toolpaths using functions in the Toolpaths, Multiaxis menu.

Machine Tool Toolpath Output Format

4-axis 3- and 4-axis

5-axis (except with Swarf, Multisurface, Flow, and Port toolpaths)

3-, 4-, and 5-axis

5-axis with Swarf, Multisurface, Flow and Port toolpaths

4- and 5-axis

TOOLPATH TYPES / Multiaxis Toolpaths • 629

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These toolpath functions provide you with enhanced flexibility in the generation of tool axis vectors, the flow of tool movement over surfaces and solids, and the projection of curves, points, or surfaces onto surfaces or solids.

Note: Generating multiaxis toolpaths for a machine tool usually requires post processor customization. For more information on customizing the post processor for a multiaxis machine tool and control, contact your Mastercam Reseller.

Selecting Geometry for 5-axis ToolpathsThere are two interfaces for selecting geometry in multiaxis toolapths. Curve 5-axis, Drill 5-axis and Circle 5-axis use a tree-style interface. The remainder use the familiar tab-style interface.

After selecting a 5-axis toolpath type from the Toolpaths, Multiaxis menu, you use an interactive dialog box to define parameters, and then return to the graphics window to select the geometry for the 5-axis toolpath. Although each dialog box is different, they share many of the same parameters, as illustrated in the examples below.

5-axis Curve Toolpaths (page 631)

5-axis Flowline Toolpaths (page 635)

5-axis Drill Toolpaths (page 632)

5-axis Port Toolpaths (page 636)

5-axis Swarf Toolpaths (page 633)

4-axis Rotary Toolpaths (page 637)

5-axis Multisurface Toolpaths (page 634)

5-axis Circle Mill Toolpaths (page 638)


Figure 7-54: Tree-style geometry selection

Figure 7-55: Tab-style geometry selection

Follow these general guidelines when selecting geometry for a 5-axis toolpath (not all options may apply, based on the selected toolpath type):

1 The Output Format determines which options are available for geometry selection.


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3-axis: Limits the tool positions to a single vector (direction) and does not provide additional tool axis control.

4-axis: Provides one plane of axis rotation that is perpendicular to the 4th (rotary) axis. Choose the 4 Axis button in the Geometry selection dialog box to select the axis about which the 4th axis rotates, or make the 4th axis selection on the Multiaxis parameters tab.

5-axis: Provides tool axis rotation in any plane.

2 Select the Curve Type or Entity Type, and then select the geometry for the tool to follow.

3 Select the method for Tool Axis Control. Mastercam aligns the tool axis to the selected geometry or a plane.

4 Choose a Tip Control method to set tool tip compensation.

5 Select the Surfaces to be cut, either the cut pattern or the part surfaces (Comp to surfaces).

6 Select Check Surfaces (the areas in the part to be aware of but stay away from).

Note: To edit the geometry selection after creating the toolpath, double–click the toolpath’s Geometry icon in the Toolpath Manager.

5-axis Curve ToolpathsUse curve 5-axis toolpaths to cut 3D curves or surface edges. You can compensate the tool tip to the actual curve, or project the curves onto surfaces. Curve 5-axis supports several methods for controlling the tool axis through planes, chains, points, or surfaces.

To begin creating this type of toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Multiaxis, Curve 5 axis.


5-axis Drill ToolpathsDrill 5-axis toolpaths allow you to control the tool axis at each drill position in the operation. The tool tip can be compensated to a surface, to a projected point along the tool axis vector, or to the entity selected for the drill position. The example below shows a drill 5-axis toolpath using lines and points, where the tool axis vectors are set by the lines.

To begin creating this type of toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Multiaxis, Drill 5 axis.


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5-axis Swarf ToolpathsUse a swarf 5-axis toolpath to cut along part walls using the side of the cutter. The example below shows a swarf 5-axis toolpath with the tool tip compensated to a plane which defines the floor.

Swarf 5-axis toolpath parameters include an optional fanning option to allow the tool to be as vertical as possible. The fan distance determines the minimum distance that the tool travels between the corner position and a position where the tool is perpendicular to the cut direction. A larger fan distance creates a wider fan.

To begin creating this type of toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Multiaxis, Swarf 5 axis.


5-axis Multisurface ToolpathsMultisurface 5-axis toolpaths use a set of pattern surfaces to control the flow of tool motion and can compensate to a different set of surfaces. Tool axis vectors can be generated through points, a plane, surfaces, or through a chain of curves. To begin creating this type of toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Multiaxis, Multisurface 5 axis.

Figure 7-56: Multisurface 5-axis dialog box

Figure 7-57: Example: Surface Selection


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In the example below, a box cut pattern was used to generate the flow of motion and tool axis vectors. Then the tool tip was compensated to the part surfaces.

5-axis Flowline ToolpathsFlow 5-axis toolpaths allow precise control of the scallops left on the part or constant distance stepovers, creating an exact, smooth finish. The 5-axis output provides 2 degrees of freedom for the tool vectors in any direction. You can use flow 5-axis toolpaths on a row of adjacent drive surfaces or on a single surface. The example below shows a flow 5-axis toolpath using a spiral cutting method.


To begin creating this type of toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Multiaxis, Flowline 5 axis.

TIP: Use the edge blend options in the Edges tab to reduce or eliminate blending problems, particularly where toolpaths meet along surface edge boundaries

5-axis Port ToolpathsUse this specialized toolpath type to simplify the process of machining a cylinder port, for example, when working with automotive head porting applications. It eliminates fishtail (butterfly) motion, preventing gouges that can occur when programming a tool radius larger than the surface radii.

Port 5-axis toolpaths require the following criteria:

A machine definition with at least one rotary axis

Port surfaces that form a closed shape

Lollipop or ball tool types

You can use two different techniques to machine ports. You can select pattern and cut surfaces that are identical, with the surface normals pointing toward the inside of the port. Or, you can apply compensation to a different set of surfaces than those selected for the cut pattern. Using the latter technique allows you to create a second set of surfaces within the port that are compensated to the port surfaces.

To begin creating this type of toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Multiaxis, Port 5 axis.


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TIP: Use the edge blend options in the Edges tab to reduce or eliminate blending problems, particularly where toolpaths meet along surface edge boundaries

Based on the geometry and parameters you choose in the Port 5-axis dialog box and the toolpath parameters you specify, Mastercam applies the following “order of operations” to create the 5-axis port toolpath:

Calculates tool positions on the pattern surface

Compensates to the port surfaces

Applies point generators

Modifies the tool vectors

Applies axis limits

Applies check surfaces

Checks for gouges

4-axis Rotary ToolpathsRotary 4-axis toolpaths work best on closed surface parts. Like other 4-axis toolpaths, the tool is kept in a plane that is perpendicular to the rotary axis. You can select the X, Y, or Z axis about which the rotary axis rotates. For example, to set the rotary axis A to rotate about X, choose the X axis in the dialog box. In this example, all vectors would be limited to the YZ plane. Rotary 4-axis toolpaths use only ball tools.

The example below shows a rotary 4-axis toolpath using a rotary cut.


To create this type of toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Multiaxis,Rotary 4 axis. Use general selection techniques when prompted to select drive and check surfaces for the toolpath. Then, use the Toolpath / Surface Selection dialog box to modify and accept your selections.

Figure 7-58: Toolpath / Surface Selection dialog box

5-axis Circle Mill ToolpathsCircle 5-axis toolpaths allow the tool to create a circular pocket in planes achievable by your machine. Align the tool axis normal to a plane, normal to a surface, or parallel


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to a line. Selecting Points/Lines for the entity type will automatically set the tool axis parallel to the line as shown below.

Advanced Multiaxis ToolpathsThe Advanced Multiaxis machining option on the Toolpaths menu provides enhanced 5-axis multisurface machining strategies. This section describes the multiaxis machining options.

Advanced Interface and Customized Interfaces introduces the new interface and explains how it is organized for different applications.

Creating an Advanced Multiaxis Toolpath on page 644 introduces you to the new toolpath interface and options.

Advanced Interface and Customized InterfacesYou can choose to work with the advanced multiaxis toolpaths in either of two ways. One choice is to work with a full interface that gives you access to all of the available parameters and options.


Figure 7-59: Advanced Multiaxis Toolpaths - full interface selection

These are organized in several tabbed pages as shown in the following picture.


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Figure 7-60: Advanced Multiaxis Toolpaths - full interface

Or, you can choose from a number of simplified interfaces that have been customized for specific applications and machining strategies.


Figure 7-61: Advanced Multiaxis Toolpaths - custom interface selection

When you choose a pre-defined interface, Mastercam shows you only a small subset of the options, organized in a custom, easy-to-use tab.


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Figure 7-62: Advanced Multiaxis Toolpaths - custom interface

All hidden options are preset to values appropriate for the selected application.


Once you are familiar with parameters in the advanced interface, you will find the customized interface easy to learn. You can switch from a customized interface to the advanced interface by clicking the Switch to advanced interface button on the Misc tab.

However, once you switch from the customized interface to the advanced interface, you cannot return to the customized interface for that operation.

Creating an Advanced Multiaxis ToolpathThe advanced multiaxis toolpaths require you to load a multiaxis machine in the active machine group.

These toolpaths work on surfaces, solids, and solid faces. Solid selection is available for most advanced multiaxis toolpath strategies, with the following exceptions:

Toolpaths that require the selection of a defined edge (solid edge)

Toolpaths that require the selection of only a single surface (solid face)

When first using the advanced multiaxis toolpath in the advanced interface mode, you may find it easier to work with one tab at a time. Begin by generating the tool motion using the Surface Paths tab. Next, add the tool axis control. From there you can set up roughing and finishing passes on the Roughing tab, add the linking motion between passes, and then perform the gouge checking.

Creating an advanced multiaxis toolpath1 Choose Advanced Multiaxis from the Toolpaths menu.

2 In the Select User Interface dialog box, use one of the following methods to begin creating the toolpath:

To open the full user interface for advanced multiaxis machining, choose 5-axis Multi Surface in the left pane, and then choose it again in the right pane.

To open a customized interface, select an application type in the left pane. Then in the right pane, choose from a list of customized interfaces for the application. For example, when you choose Impeller as the application type, you can select a customized interface for creating a 5-


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axis floor surface impeller toolpath—with or without tilt curves—or a 5-axis blade surface toolpath.

Note: The customized interface displays only a subset of the advanced multiaxis options, with most of the others preset and hidden to simplify the setup.

The remaining steps in this procedure assume that you have selected the full user interface option.

3 In the Toolpath parameters tab, select a tool and set feeds and speeds.

4 Use the Surface paths tab to select drive surfaces, set the general flow of tool motion (Pattern), corner handling, whether you need the surfaces trimmed or extended, where to start cutting, and set tolerances for surface finish.

Some pattern types require additional geometry. The geometry selections display when you select a pattern. The following picture shows geometry selection controls.

5 Use the Tool axis control tab to set the direction of the tool axis and the method used to tilt the tool axis, and to specify the tool contact point on the surfaces.

6 Use the Gouge check tab to set up gouge checking on the flute (tool tip), tool shaft, arbor, and holder. Up to four gouge checking strategies can be set up for each operation. Also, you can select different sets of check surfaces (one set per strategy) and perform gouge checking against the drive surfaces as well.

7 Use the Link tab to set up tool motion between cutting passes and to set up entry and exit moves.

8 Use the Roughing tab to:

define stock

set up plunge moves


select a pocket roughing method

transform and rotate tooolpaths

select sorting options

set up roughing and finishing passes using Multipasses and Depth cuts.

9 Use the remaining tabs as needed to set other operation options. These tabs are described in the following sections in this guide.

10 Choose OK to generate the toolpath.

Note: In the Toolpath Manager, you can open the Advanced Multiaxis dialog box by clicking either the Geometry icon or Parameters icon for a multiaxis toolpath.

Advanced Multiaxis Parameter TabsIn this section, you will learn how to use each of the following tabs in the Advanced Multiaxis full user interface:

Toolpath parameters tab (page 646)

Surface paths tab (page 647)

Tool axis control tab (page 658)

Gouge check tab (page 669)

Link tab (page 675)

Roughing tab (page 683)

Utility tab (page 688)

Machine definition tab (page 690)

Misc tab (page 692)

Toolpath parameters tabThe Toolpath parameters tab is the first tab you see when you create an advanced multiaxis toolpath. This tab will be familiar to experienced Mastercam users.


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For new Mastercam users, choose the Help button to learn more about selecting a tool and setting feeds and speeds for a Mastercam toolpath.

Surface paths tabUse this tab to select drive geometry for an advanced multiaxis toolpath. Mastercam generates the toolpath on the side of the surface with the surface normal. If you need


to machine the back side of a surface, change the surface normal. To do this, choose Change normal from the Edit menu in the main Mastercam window.

Selecting a cut pattern—The Pattern option sets the general tool movement for the drive surface. Choose the Drive surface button to select the toolpath surfaces. Use the Drive surfaces offset option to leave stock on the surfaces for finishing toolpaths. Each pattern type is described in the following sections. Some of the pattern types


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require additional geometry. The geometry selections appear when you choose the pattern.

Parallel cuts—This option creates a toolpath where the cuts are parallel. The direction of the cuts is defined by the two angles. The angles in X, Y and in Z determine the direction of the parallel cuts of the toolpath. Imagine slicing an apple: parallel slices from top to bottom or from left to right. The pictures below show parallel cuts at 0 and 30 degrees in XY, and 90 degrees in Z.

Select Constant Z to create cuts at parallel depths.

Cuts along curve—This option generates motion that is 90 degrees to a leading curve so the cuts do not have to be parallel to each other. Use the


Lead button to select the curve. The chain direction defines the cut order or step direction.

Note: If the cuts cross over one another, you may need to change the shape of the curve.

Morph between two curves—This option creates cuts that change shape from one curve to a second curve. This option is suitable for machining steep areas in moldmaking. The more accurate the leading curves are to the real surface edges, the more accurate the results.


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Parallel to curve—This option aligns the cut direction along a leading curve. Advanced Multiaxis can handle convex surfaces, which are common in injection molds and forging dies. Click Single Edge and select the curve.

Project curves—This option generates a single cut along a curve projected onto the drive surface. Click the Projection button and select a curve.

Morph between 2 surfaces—Use this option when the drive surface is located between two surfaces, such as for impeller machining. This option has a few specific requirements:

The tool must be a ball (sphere) endmill.

The Area type has to be set to Full, start and end at exact surface edge because the distance between the margin and the first cut depends on the exact position of the surface edge.

To create a double tangency (pencil tracing), you have to select Calc based on tool center in the Utility tab (page 688). If the calculation is not based on the tool center, the toolpath will be incorrect.

When selecting geometry for the Morph between 2 surfaces pattern type, you will need to select two check surfaces, and then the drive surface. The


drive and check surface must share the same edge. The check surfaces must enclose the drive surfaces.

To compensate the tool to both the drive and check surfaces in the left and right corners of the workpiece, you will need to enter the tool radius as a margin. The Margins option is available only when the cutting area type is set to Full, start and end at exact surface edges. After setting this cutting area type, choose the Margins button in the Area Type section of the tab. Enter the tool radius for both the start and end margins, and other settings as necessary. The start margin is applied to the first check surface and the end margin is applied to the second check surface.


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Parallel to surface—This option creates cuts on the drive surface that are parallel to a check surface. This option is useful for creating tool motion that is patterned after an irregular or wavy check surface.

Choose the Single edge button to select the check surface you want to make the parallel cuts from. Be sure to activate gouge-checking to make certain that the tool will not cut into the check surface. The selected Single edge surface becomes the check surface used in gouge-checking.

To add surface margins, be sure that a ball (sphere) endmill is selected as the tool, and select Calc based on tool center in the Utility tab (page 688).

Cutting area—The Area section of the Surface paths tab controls the following options:

Type – Controls how Mastercam handles surface edges.

Round corners – Finds and removes small radius areas and inside corners in a surface model. Inside corners can cause “fish tails” in a toolpath. Round corners can also be considered as a fillet generator. The surface model is rounded (filleted) in the direction of toolpath slices with a radius to avoid small radii and inner sharp corners. The applied radius is the main tool radius plus the current stock to leave value. The fillet generation is independent of tool type and shape. In most cases, this option is used with a ball cutter, lollipop cutter, or a conical cutter with ball tip. If you are swarf machining (side cutting), you can also use cylinder or torus cutters with this option.

Extend/trim – Extends or trims the drive surface. A positive value extends the surface tangentially to the geometry. A negative value trims the surface.

Angle range – Defines the shallow and steep areas of the surface to be machined above the surface normal angles. In mold-making and 3-axis toolpaths, the definition of shallow and steep areas is fairly straight-forward. With 5-axis machining, parts with undercuts and complex topology make the definition of shallow and steep areas more abstract.


Note: A distinction is drawn by the steep areas and shallow areas. The shallow and steep areas are defined by a view direction and two angles describing an angle interval. This allows you to machine everything inside or outside of this angle interval.

2D containment – Uses the projection axis direction to project the selected 2D or 3D containment curves (multiple closed curves, nested allowed) onto the part. Then the part is “virtually” trimmed by the given curves. In 3-axis machining, containment boundaries typically define the area where the tool should be cutting the material. This application uses a slightly different definition of containment boundaries for 3 to 5-axis machining. Since the calculation is based on surface contact points, it is not guaranteed that the tool is “contained” within the given boundary.

Sorting—This section of the Surface Paths tab controls the order in which cuts are made in the toolpath.

Flip stepover – Toggles between the cutting directions.

Cutting method – Machining can be One way, Zigzag (bidirectional), or Spiral.

One way cutting has additional options, including selecting the direction for one way cutting (clockwise, counterclockwise, climb, and conventional).

Zigzag (bidirectional) requires you to select the cut order. Mastercam calculates the cut order when you select Standard.

Spiral machining can be used with all patterns and the spiral shape is projected back to the original surfaces. This helps to assure the


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requested surface tolerances. The first and last cut is parallel to the surface edge shape.

Note: Due to the projection, the calculation time for spiral machining is higher as compared to the other cutting methods.

Enforce cutting direction (assume closed contours)—This option is available when the Direction for one way machining is set to Cwise or Ccwise. When machining open geometry, or surfaces that contain gaps or holes, select the option Enforce cutting direction (assume closed contours). When you enforce the cutting direction, Mastercam generates motion so that the geometry seems closed and makes for more efficient machining.

Cut order—In the cut order menu, you can choose between three options:

Standard sets a default cut order.

From center away starts machining in the center of the surface and progresses outwards.

From outside to center starts machining at the outside of the surface and progress inwards.

Start point—Lets you select an approximate start point for the toolpath.

Machine by—Determines whether Mastercam follows the machining by lanes or by regions. Advanced 5 axis toolpaths usually have a topology of multiple contours (lanes) on the drive surfaces. When the toolpath is generated on many zones, it might be preferable to machine all the regions independently.

Surface quality—Use the Surface quality section of the Surface paths tab to enter parameters that affect the surface finish.

From center away From outside to inside


Cut tolerance – Controls the accuracy of the toolpath. This value is the chordal deviation of the toolpath against the surfaces to be machined. A small cut tolerance gives you more tool positions on the drive surface, is more precise to the surface, and results in better surface quality. However, the toolpath will take longer to calculate.

Distance – Sets the spacing between tool positions. This option is useful for flat surfaces. Although the cut tolerance also generates the spacing between tool positions, using Distance generates more tool positions on flat surfaces. Setting a small value results in more tool positions.

Surface Edge handling—Opens the Parameters for Surface Edge Handling dialog box where you define the merge distance, either as a set value or as percentage tool diameter. Surface paths are created on individual surfaces. Afterwards, they are merged together to create longer surface paths based on the specified merge distance. If all surface paths on a toolpath slice are merged, Mastercam checks to see if a closed surface path can be built by connecting the start to the end. The same merge distance value is used for deciding this. All surface paths that are within the merge distance you define are merged together.

Advanced—Opens the Advanced options for Surface Quality dialog box where you can set the Chaining tolerance for the toolpath. The chaining tolerance is an internal value for the toolpath generation and should be 1 to 10 times the value of the cut tolerance. If you have untrimmed simple surfaces, then this value can be set to 100 times the cut tolerance which would increase the calculation speed drastically.

You can also choose the option Slow and safe path creation. The creation of surface contact paths is done by analyzing the surface patches and slicing it. If the toolpath topology becomes very complex due to slicing (for example, a parallel to curve toolpath pattern and surface patches that are very large), there are cases where the surface contact paths cannot be constructed safely. If you select Slow and safe path creation, then a finer grid (based on the ax. stepover value) is applied for the initial analyzing of surface patches, which delivers slower but safer results for surface contact points.

Stepover—Use this section of the Surface paths tab to define the toolpath’s Maximum stepover distance. Stepover is the distance between two neighboring cuts. It is measured differently depending on the toolpath pattern used.

Parallel cuts – Sets the distance between the parallel planes.

Cuts along curve – Sets the distance along the curve perpendicular to the cutting planes.

Morph between 2 curves and Morph between 2 surfaces – The lanes are distributed so that at the maximum distance (along the drive surface) between the curves or surfaces, the distance between two consecutive lanes is the maximum stepover you define here.


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Parallel to curve and Parallel to surface – Sets the 3D distance between two consecutive lanes.

Project curve – Only one cut is done, so this parameter is not available.

Note: The stepover steps can be smaller or larger than your set value depending on the pattern you are using. The stepover varies especially when Morph between 2 curves and Morph between 2 surfaces are used

Cusp height—This field does not have a parameter directly associated with it, but it is a tool you can use to easily calculate the Maximum stepover, which is the distance between adjacent cuts. When you enter a Cusp height, Mastercam updates the Maximum stepover based on the current tool geometry (assuming parallel passes of a vertical tool over a horizontal plane). If the cusp height cannot be achieved by the selected cutter, the maximum stepover is set to zero.

Note: The Cusp height field is for information only. It is the Maximum stepover value, not the cusp height, that is used in toolpath creation.


Tool axis control tabThis tab defines the tool orientation relative to the surface normal and sets machining limit angles. Additional options will display depending on the tool axis strategy you select.

Output format—The output format can be set to 3-, 4-, or 5-axis.

For 3-axis output, click the [...] button to define the tool axis direction.

For 4-axis output, select the Rotary Axis button and choose a rotary axis to be about the X, Y or Z axis.


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Maximum angle step—The Maximum angle step is the maximum angle value between two toolpath points. Depending on the surface curvature and this angle, Mastercam may generate more or fewer tool positions. A smaller angle generates more tool positions while a larger angle generates fewer.

Tilting strategies—Advanced multiaxis provides numerous strategies for tilting the tool axis. Some strategies require additional geometry, such as lines, points, or curves. You can keep the tool normal to the surface or tilt it relative to the cutting direction.

Select the tool tilting strategy from the Tool axis will... list:

Not be tilted and stays normal to surface – This option aligns the tool axis to the surface normal.

Be tilted relative to cutting direction – This strategy lets you set a Lead angle which tilts the tool into the cutting direction.


The Tilt angle tilts the tool toward the side of the cutting direction.

Side tilt definition defines the direction when tilting the tool axis relative to the cutting direction. Side tilt definition is used for side milling to ensure contact between the tool and the surface.

Tilted with the angle – The tool axis is tilted away from the surface normal direction toward the tilt axis. The tilt axis can be the X,Y, and Z axis, or any


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line created in the geometry. Imagine that the tilt axis and surface normal define a vector plane. The tool can tilt only on this plane.

Tilted with fixed angle to axis – The tool axis is tilted from the tilt axis toward the surface normal. The tilt axis can be the X,Y, and Z axis, or any line created in the geometry. Imagine that tilt axis and surface normal define a cone. The tool can tilt only on the cone.

Tilted around axis – The tool axis has the same direction as the surface normal, but is tilted around an axis. This axis can be the X, Y, Z or any line created in your geometry. In the following picture, the tool axis direction is


the same as the surface normal but tilted with a 45-degree angle around the Z axis.

Tilted through point – The tool axis is always pointing to a geometry point.


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Tilted through curve – The tool axis is aligned to a curve that you create, or that Mastercam creates for you (the Automatic curve option under Curve Tilt Type). Click on Tilt curve and select the curve in the graphics window.

Tilted through lines – The tool axis is approximated to the lines you create in your geometry. In the following picture are four lines and the generated toolpath. When the tool axis passes near the lines, the tilt matches the direction of the line and gradually changes until the tool axis aligns with the next line it encounters in the toolpath.


Tilted from point away – The tool axis is always pointing away from a point in the geometry. This strategy is the opposite of tilting through a point.

Tilted from curve away – During machining on your drive surface, the tool points away from the tilt curve. Depending on your curve tilt type, the tool orientation and alignment to the curve changes.


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Run toolThis parameter defines the contact point of tool to the drive surfaces. Mastercam

keeps the tool tangent to the drive surfaces.

Auto – The automatic setting causes the tool touch point to move from the tip to the radius when orientation changes from the tool axis tilt setting. Auto maintains tangency between the tool and the surface.

At center – When Run tool is set to At Center, the tip of tool is touching the surface contact point.

If the tool axis orientation is changed due to tilting options, the tool will be tilted around the tool tip center point. In this case, the tool and surface are no longer tangential and the tool will gouge the surface. To avoid this


condition, activate a gouge-checking strategy on the Gouge check tab to retract the tool from the drive surfaces.

At radius – When Run tool is set to At Radius, the tangency is maintained at the radius of the tool. For a bull nose tool, the radius always touches the surface. The tool tip is not used as a touch point on the drive surfaces.

At front – The option At front, similar to At Center, forces the tool touch point to be a fixed point on the tool. This point is the beginning of the bull nose tool radius in the direction of the tool motion. All changes to tool orientation are made around this pivot point, and this can gouge the drive


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surfaces. Activating a gouge-checking strategy is critical for this Run tool option. In the following picture, the front of the tool touches the surface.

At user given point – Use this setting to select the contact point on the tool. You enter this point as an offset from the front and side of the tool. The following picture shows a front offset of the touch point.

Limits—Use the Limits option to set a range of tool motion for a rotary axis that limits the amount of head tilt relative to the tool position.


Tool angle allowed on XZ plane between – Select XZ to limit the tool on the XZ plane between angle b1 and b2.

Tool angle allowed on YZ plane between – Select YZ to limit the tool on the YZ plane between angle a1 and a2.

Tool angle allowed on XY plane between – Select XY to limit the tool on the XY plane between angle c1 and c2.

Contain tool within conical angles – Use this option to limit the tool between two angles starting from the toolpath slice normal vector. Imagine two cones with different opening angles w1 and w2. The tool axis direction is


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forced between these two cones. The orientation of the cones depends on the cone axis settings. You can set the orientation to X, Y or Z, or to a user-defined direction.

Note: If you selected Cuts along curve as the Cut pattern in the Surface Paths tab, you can set the cone axis to Dynamically using leading curve and limit the tool axis along the curve and its toolpath.

Gouge check tabThe Gouge check tab lets you select up to four gouge-checking strategies. Gouge-checking is supported for all tool types (flat, ball, conical and bull nose).


Mastercam gouge-checks each calculated tool position. Mastercam looks at the toolpath and the surfaces to determine whether any of the tool components are gouging the surfaces. You can also select additional sets of check surfaces.

Status—Use the Status check box to turn on each gouge-checking strategy. When all strategies are deselected, gouge-checking is disabled.


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Check—Each gouge-checking strategy can check against any or all of four tool components. The following picture identifies the tool components used in gouge-checking.

Strategy—The Strategy option tells Mastercam what action to take when a gouge is encountered in the toolpath.

Retracting tool along tool axis – The gouge is avoided by retracting the tool. In some cases, this strategy may cause material being left that should be machined. You can have Mastercam report these areas by selecting Report remaining collisions on the Advanced dialog box. Mastercam will show the


tool positions before retractions and surface points used to calculate the next position as points. A line is drawn between the two points.

Moving tool away – Assigns the direction in which the tool has to move away from the check surface. While retracting the tool, Mastercam uses the smallest distance to avoid the check surface, but only moves in the selected direction.


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Tilting tool away with max angle – Avoids a gouge by tilting the tool. In the picture below, the tool tilts horizontally with a 65-degree angle (side angle) orthogonal to the surface normal.

Note: This gouge-checking strategy may take time to calculate. We recommend using limit angles, tilt angles, and other options for tool axis control to create a gouge free toolpath. Then use Report remaining collisions on the Advanced dialog box to ensure the toolpath is gouge free.

Leaving out gouge points – Trims the toolpath when a gouge is detected.


Stop toolpath calculation – Mastercam creates the toolpath only to the point that the first gouge is detected.

Drive surfaces, check surfaces—Select Drive surfaces to gouge-check the drive surfaces you selected for the toolpath. You can also select Check surfaces to include with the drive surfaces. Mastercam supports up to four different sets of check surfaces. You can use the same surfaces in more than one set.

Advanced Parameters For Gouge Checking

Check gouge between positions – Select Advanced, and then select this option to check for gouges between tool positions. The 5-axis sweep move from one position to the next position is used to check for gouges with drive and check surfaces. Keeping this option selected is recommended.

Extends tool to infinity – Select Advanced, and then select this option to extend part of the tool to infinity in order to assure complete collision checking without manually extending the tool.

Check link motions for collisions – Select Advanced, and then select this option to include link moves in gouge checking.

Check tip radius – Select Advanced, and then select this option to include the tip radius (tool nose) in gouge checking.

Report remaining collisions – Select Advanced, and then select this option to display a report of detected surface collisions following toolpath generation. Report collisions is not a method of collision control, but gives detailed information about any collisions that remain after other gouge


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check strategies have been applied. The following picture is an example of a collision report.

IMPORTANT: If you select more than one gouge check strategy, you must choose Report remaining collisions in the last active gouge check set.

Link tabUse this tab to set gap motion and to set entry and exit moves for the toolpath. Frequently, surfaces that define the part can have gaps and holes. The options on this tab define the tool motion when these gaps are encountered. For example, small gaps


can be ignored and milled without retracting the tool, while larger gaps cause the tool to retract to the rapid plane to avoid the gap.

First entry—Controls the initial approach of the tool toward the part. You can specify the distance from which the tool will enter the part and whether or not there will be a simple move or a lead in / lead out move. Lead in/ Lead out moves refer to a complex motion that you can configure in detail; see “Lead in / Lead Out” on page 680 to learn more.

Approach from clearance area is the default setting. The tool moves from the clearance area, to the rapid distance, then to the feed distance before entering the part.

Choosing Approach from rapid distance or Approach from feed distance moves the start point closer to the part.

Last Exit —Defines how the tool will exit the part when the toolpath is finished, and where the part should move to. You also define whether or not there will be a simple move or a lead in / lead out move. Lead in / Lead out moves refer to a complex motion that you can configure in detail; see “Lead in / Lead Out” on page 680 to learn more.


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Retract to clearance area is the default setting. The tool moves from the drive surface to the feed distance, then to the rapid distance and finally to the clearance area.

To end the machining Retract to Feed distance or Retract to Rapid distance, the machining ends with this distances.

Retract to clearance area button to define the area where the tool can travel in the air without hitting the workpiece.

Retract to clearance area through tube center provides collision-free retraction for ports.

Gaps along cut—If Mastercam detects gaps, you can select how the tool should pass the gap and continue machining.


Direct – The tool uses the shortest path, a straight line, to the other side of the gap without retracting and at the machining feed rate.

Retract to feed distance – The tool retracts along the tool axis to the feed distance. The tool leaves the surface at the rapid speed and moves to the next toolpath point at the machining feed rate.

Retract to rapid distance – The tool retracts along the tool axis to the rapid distance. The tool leaves the surface at the rapid speed and moves to the next toolpath point at the machining feed rate.


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Retract to clearance area – The tool moves to the clearance area at the rapid speed and returns to the drive surface at the machining feed rate.

Follow surfaces – The tool follows the geometry and generates motion that matches the surface as it crosses the gap. In the following picture, the green surfaces are the drive surfaces and the red surface is a check surface. The tool follows the check surface as it passes the gap.

Blend spline – The blend spline connects the drive surfaces with a toolpath which leaves and enters the drive surfaces tangentially. The result is a very smooth connecting motion even on edgy gaps.

Lead in / Lead out moves – Customize the gap motion by creating lead in or lead out moves. See “Lead in / Lead Out” on page 680 to learn more.

Links between slice—This option defines how Mastercam moves the tool between cuts. Like Gaps along cut, you can specify the size that defines a small movement as a


percent of tool motion, and have Mastercam make different movements between small and large links.

Mastercam calculates the size difference as a percentage of the maximum stepover set on the Surface paths tab.

For example, if this value is set to 150% and the maximum stepover value is 0.1mm the gap threshold is 0.15mm. Mastercam checks all stepover moves from one toolpath slice to the next slice 0.15 mm and determines whether the gap is smaller or larger than this value.

As an alternative, you can select As value to have Mastercam define a small move as the amount you enter, rather than as a percentage of the maximum stepover.

Links between passes—Select either the Multipasses or Depth Cuts option on the Roughing tab to enable the Link between passes options. Select the type of tool movement between passes, or use a lead in or lead out move.

Lead in / Lead Out—Use the Lead in / Lead out parameters to define the tool entry into or exit from the drive surface. These settings provide additional motion to the link strategies you have selected for the toolpath. When you select a lead in / our move, click the [...] button to access options shown in the following picture.


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Clearance area—Clearance area is the place where the tool can travel through air without hitting the workpiece. This can be a plane at a given height, a cylinder, or a sphere. The tool travels at the rapid speed from the clearance area to the rapid distance, and the head turns to its final orientation. Once the tool reaches the rapid distance, it is in the correct orientation for the first cut.

The options available for clearance area depend on the drive surface and machining strategy.

Distances—Defines parameters for the feed and rapid distances when approaching the part and retracting from it.

When the tool comes from the clearance area to the Rapid distance, the head turns to the orientation for the first cut. The tool maintains this orientation from the rapid to the Feed distance. The feed rate from rapid distance to feed distance is rapid speed.

The Feed distance is usually close to the drive surface. Once the tool reaches the Feed distance, the speed changes to the machining feed rate.


The Air move safety distance is a minimum distance between the tool clearance area and the drive and check surface.


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Roughing tabUse this tab to define stock and to set up multipasses and depth cuts.

Stock definition—All tool moves in the air that do not remove material will be trimmed using the stock definition. Click this button to choose whether to select surfaces from the part geometry to define the stock, or use the stock setup you have set up in the Machine Group Properties.


Choose the Stock def. parameters button to access parameters you use to enter a stock definition tolerance and further define stock settings.

Multipasses—Select Multipasses to set up roughing and finishing passes. The toolpath is machined from the top down. To remove a large amount of material, select Roughing passes and enter the number and spacing. If the toolpath will be finishing the part, select Finishing passes and enter the number and spacing of the passes. For both Roughing and Finishing passes, the spacing is the distance between each cut.

Next, sort the passes by slices (vertical layers) or passes (horizontal layers).

Plunge—Select the Plunge option to move the tool along the tool axis to the drive surface using a plunging motion. Step length sets the offset between the plunged


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holes. Side length sets the depth of the plunged holes. Plunge height is the depth of the plunge measured from the tool position on the surface.

Note: The Retract angle field is not yet supported.

Morph pocket—Use Morph pocket to generate toolpaths for simple pockets.

Move sets the machining direction: outside to inside or inside to outside.

Stepover value sets the maximum distance between two cuts.

Pocket area defines wether you want to machine the whole pocket, or if you want to stop machining after certain number of cuts.

Number of cuts sets the number of roughing cuts for a morph pocket. Use this parameter when you do not want to machine the entire pocket.

Spiral machining changes parallel cuts to a spiral machining toolpath.

Depth cuts—Depth cuts are similar to multipasses. With Multipasses selected, the toolpath is generated from the top down. With Depth cuts selected, the toolpath is generated from outside to inside. Use Roughing passes when you need to remove a large amount of material. If the toolpath will be closer to the final surface, use Finishing passes to make thinner cuts. Enter the number and spacing (depth) for both roughing and finishing passes.

Mastercam moves from one pass to the next in the direction of the tool side tilt angle.


Next, sort the cuts by slices or passes.

The Use Ramp option changes the slices into one spiral slice. The tool starts and stops on the same position with or without the ramp option selected.

Area roughing—This function is only for impeller floor machining. The result is similar to Morph between 2 Surfaces but in the area roughing dialog box, you can define a splitter blade, where the tool works around.

Transform / Rotate—This option lets you choose a direction vector for the axis around which to rotate the toolpath. Use additional parameters to:

Choose a base point of rotation and axis direction.

Set the number of rotations to be applied (steps).

Define the starting angle for the first rotated toolpath, relative to the non-rotated toolpath position.

Set the rotation angle for each rotation step.

Slices Passes


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Select a sorting type. You can choose to rotate the whole toolpath completely, by passes, or by slices. You can also choose to rotate only a portion of the toolpath, based on a percentage you specify.

Apply linking. The linking can be applied before or after rotation.

Apply stock. The stock can be applied before or after rotation.

Sorting—The Sorting option applies to Depth cuts and Multipasses.

Connect slices by shortest distance—When you select Connect slices by shortest distance, Mastercam will use the shortest distance to the next cut. The result is a zigzag machining within each slice.


Utility tabThis tab contains special functions for custom applications.

Feed rates—Select Feed rates to use the feed rate optimizer. This optimizer uses the machining feed rate that you supplied on the Toolpath parameters tab and modifies it based on the surface curvature. The surface curvature is calculated at each toolpath position where the surface contact point of the tool is known.


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Calculation based on tool center—With Calc based on tool center disabled, the tool touch points (yellow dots) and the drive surface are on the same level.

When you select Calc based on tool center, the tool centers (red dots) are on the same level.


Axial shift—Axial shift adds an offset to the tool along its axis. This offset can be positive or negative.

TIP: For engraving applications, use this parameter to set the depth of cut.

Machine definition tabThe machine information entered into this tab is used only if you have the machine simulation module (available separately). These values are not read from Mastercam’s Machine Definition Manager. See your Mastercam Reseller for more information about machine simulation.


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Misc tabUse this tab to enter the following types of information for the toolpath:

Simulation —Select Save toolpath as geometry (delete: undo) to save the toolpath as geometry in your part file. Click the […] button to open the Options to create geometry dialog box.

Tip comp—Controls whether the locations that are output to the NCI file will be the tool center or tool tip coordinates. This setting is different than the Calc based on tool center option on the Utility tab (page 688). The Tip comp setting does not change how the toolpath is calculated, only how the calculated positions are output. For example, if you select Calc based on tool center in the Utility tab, and Tip comp: Center in the Misc tab, the tool coordinates output to the NCI file will be the same as the calculated tool positions. If you select Tip comp: Tip in the Misc tab, Mastercam will output the coordinates of the tool tip at the calculated tool positions. The toolpath is the same in either case, it is just expressed in terms of the tool tip or tool center.

TOOLPATH TYPES / Lathe Toolpaths • 693

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Output surface change comments in NC file—Select this option to insert a line of text into the NC file that indicates when the machining surface changes and identifies the new surface. The surface title entered in the Levels Manager appears in parentheses at the end of the line.

Support file—Select the Save button to create a binary support file (*.BIN) or the Load button to load operations from a binary support file.

Lathe ToolpathsWith Mastercam Lathe, you can create many different toolpaths for turning machines, from roughing and finishing inside and outside diameters to C-axis (mill/turn) programming. Mastercam Lathe also includes grooving, threading, drilling, facing, and cutoff toolpaths for all your lathe machining needs.

When you choose a Lathe machine definition from the Machine Type menu, the Toolpaths menu displays the lathe toolpath types you can create. This includes a number of mill toolpaths you choose from the Toolpaths, Mill submenu.

Note: For more information on using Mill toolpath functions, see “Mill and Router Toolpaths” on page 475.

IMPORTANT: When creating a Mill toolpath with a Lathe machine definition, you must manually set the tool plane (Tplane) and construction plane (Cplane). You can use the Toolpaths, Mill, CView utility or the Planes function in the Status bar. For more information, see “Using the CView Utility” on page 713 and “Setting Views/Planes/WCS” on page 111.

In this section, you will learn about the different toolpath types you can create with Mastercam Lathe, including:

General Turning Toolpaths (page 694)

Mill/Turn Toolpaths (page 709)

Miscellaneous Operations (page 715)


General Turning ToolpathsUse the following lathe toolpath types in applications where the stock rotates on a spindle and the tooling is fixed. Typically, these are 2D toolpaths in which all tool motion takes place within a single plane. General turning toolpath types include:

Lathe Face ToolpathsUse this type of toolpath to prepare the face of the part for further machining. Once the face of the part is clean, you can use it to set tools or determine tool offsets. An example of a face toolpath is shown below.

You do not chain geometry to create the toolpath. Instead, choose Face from the Toolpaths menu and use the Face Parameters tab to specify how much stock to remove.

Note: If you use the stock model for the start and end positions of each pass and the stock changes, the positions of each pass are automatically updated when you regenerate the toolpath.

Lathe Face Toolpaths (page 694)

Manual Entry (page 701)

Lathe Rough Toolpaths (page 695)

Lathe Point Toolpaths (page 702)

Lathe Finish Toolpaths (page 696)

Lathe Thread Toolpaths (page 703)

Lathe Groove Toolpaths (page 697)

Cutoff Toolpaths (page 705)

Lathe Drill Toolpaths (page 699)

Quick and Canned Toolpaths (page 706)


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Lathe Rough Toolpaths

Rough toolpaths quickly remove large amounts of stock in preparation for a finish pass. Roughing passes are typically straight cuts parallel to the Z-axis; however, you can set options for plunging into undercut areas. Standard rough toolpaths also include a semi-finish option, in which the roughing tool makes a final pass which follows the part contour, like a finish pass.

To create this type of toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Rough. After chaining geometry or selecting points, select a tool. Then use the Rough parameters tab to select whether the cutting direction is One-way or Zig-zag, and define the toolpath orientation by choosing one from the Rough direction / Angle drop-down list.

Note: Compared to other types of lathe roughing toolpaths, this tab offers you the most complete set of roughing options.

Use the pictures as a guide for entering the different toolpath dimensions. Options on the right side of the tab allow you to select the type of cutter compensation and complete the toolpath by adding advanced features such as a semi-finish pass, lead in/out moves, and toolpath filtering.


Figure 7-63: Example: Lathe Rough toolpath, Rough parameters tab

Mastercam provides additional lathe rough toolpath types, including:

Quick rough toolpaths, which let you quickly create simple rough toolpaths with fewer options than standard rough toolpaths.

Canned rough toolpaths, which use your machine tool's canned cycles to create the most efficient code.

Canned pattern repeat toolpaths, which create roughing passes in the shape of the part contour, rather than cutting parallel to the Z-axis.

For more information, see “Quick and Canned Toolpaths” on page 706.

Lathe Finish ToolpathsFinish toolpaths follow the part geometry, making final cuts on the part and, if applicable, refining the roughing toolpath. Unlike the quick finish and canned finish toolpaths, when you create a “standard” lathe finish toolpath, a roughing toolpath is not required.


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To create this type of toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Finish. After chaining geometry or selecting points, select a tool. Then use the Finish parameters tab to define the toolpath.

Figure 7-64: Example: Lathe Finish toolpath, Finish parameters tab

Mastercam provides additional lathe finish toolpath types, including

Quick finish toolpaths, which follow the part geometry, making final cuts on the part and refining the roughed part. The Quick finish toolpath function lets you chain a contour or select an existing rough operation. Finish passes are created parallel to any OD, ID, or facing contours.

Canned finish toolpaths, which cut parallel to the part geometry, making one final cut on the part and refining the canned roughing or pattern repeat toolpath. For each canned finish toolpath you want to create, an existing canned rough or canned pattern repeat operation must exist in the part.

For more information, see “Quick and Canned Toolpaths” on page 706.

Lathe Groove ToolpathsGroove toolpaths are useful for machining indented or recessed areas that are not otherwise machinable by roughing toolpaths or tools. Mastercam can machine many


types of grooves based on the location of just a corner point or points; this lets you create groove toolpaths without having to create or chain geometry. You can also use chained geometry to specify complicated or intricate groove contours.

You can machine several grooves in a single operation, even if their geometry never connects. Mastercam also integrates roughing and finishing passes, each with separate parameters, in a single operation.

To create a groove toolpath:1 Choose Machine Type, Lathe and select a lathe machine definition from the

drop-down list.

2 Choose Toolpaths, Groove.

3 If Mastercam is not configured to ask for an NC filename when a new operation is created, skip to the next step. Otherwise, type the new file name in the Enter new NC name dialog box and click OK.

Note: For more information on configuring the toolpath manager, see “Toolpath Manager” on page 869.

4 In the Grooving Options dialog box choose a method for defining the grooves (1 or 2 points, 3 lines, chain, or Multiple chains) and another for selecting points (manual or window).

5 When prompted, select points in the graphics window using the specified point selection method.

6 Then, use the Lathe Groove Properties dialog box tabs to define the toolpath, as follows:

a Select and define a tool in the Toolpath parameters tab. (For more information, see “Selecting Tools” on page 403.)

b Choose the Groove shape parameters tab to define the shape, angle, and orientation (for example, ID, OD, face) of the grooves in the toolpath, including automatic chamfers/radii on corners. You also use the options in this tab to specify the groove boundaries. Groove shape parameters apply to all the grooves in the toolpath.


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c To create roughing cuts for the groove toolpath and set options for pecking and depth cuts, choose the Groove rough parameters tab and select Rough the groove to enable the options in this tab. To create only a finish operation, make sure this option is deselected.

Note: There is no cutter compensation option in the groove rough parameters tab; internally, the compensation is set to Computer and Mastercam determines the direction.

d To create finishing cuts for the groove toolpath, choose the Groove finish parameters tab and select Finish groove to enable the options in this tab. To omit the finishing pass and create only a roughing groove operation, deselect this option.

7 Click OK to accept the toolpath parameters and close the dialog box.

In addition to the standard groove toolpaths, which include all the grooving capabilities described above, Mastercam also includes quick groove and canned groove toolpath types for less-demanding applications. For more information, see “Quick and Canned Toolpaths” on page 706.

Lathe Drill ToolpathsMastercam Lathe offers several different types of drill cycles for drill toolpaths. Lathe drill toolpaths typically drill into the face of the part along the centerline.

TIP: To drill off-center or in a different plane, use one of Mastercam's C-axis toolpaths.

You do not select geometry or drill points in the graphics window to create a Lathe drill toolpath. Mastercam creates the toolpath entirely from parameters you set in the Lathe Drill dialog box tabs.

Mastercam offers the following standard drill cycles:

The exact list of cycles varies, depending on the active control definition. You can customize both the drill cycles and how they are displayed using the Control Definition Manager, Machine Cycles properties page. You can also use the Control

Drill/Counterbore (long) Bore #1 and #2

Peck Drill (long) Misc #1 and #2

Chip break (long) Custom cycle 9 - 20

Tap


Definition Manager to define and name custom drill cycles which are added to the list you can choose from when creating a drill toolpath. Any custom drill parameters you define for the control definition display in the Lathe Drill dialog box Custom parameters tab. The post processor used with the control must also be configured to support canned cycles.

Note: For more information on setting up drill cycles for the control, see “Machine Cycles” on page 798.

To create a drill toolpath, choose Drill from the Toolpaths menu to access the Lathe Drill Cycle parameters tab (the exact name of this tab changes depending on the selected drill cycle).

When you create a drill toolpath, there are three Z-axis dimensions you must enter in addition to the drill point (the location of the hole).

Depth: How deep to drill the hole.

Clearance: A safe point along the drilling axis to which the tool rapids before approaching the part.

Retract: The position the tool rapids to from the clearance point, then feeds into the part.

You can enter these distances as absolute or incremental values.

When using absolute, each distance is calculated from the construction origin.

When using incremental, each distance is calculated from the drill point, or, optionally, from the stock face.

Absolute

Depth

Retract

ClearanceDepth

Incremental

Retract

Clearance


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Manual EntryUse this toolpath function and dialog box to create an operation which does nothing except insert a block of text, comments, or Gcodes into an NC program when you post it. You can store text directly with the operation, or you can reference an external text file that Mastercam will read when posting. You can either insert the literal text as Gcode commands or have them formatted as comments.

Figure 7-65: Manual Entry dialog box

To create the operation, first tell Mastercam where to read the text from. Choose Enter text to type the text right into the dialog box, or choose Use text file to select an


external file which contains plain ASCII text. If you wish, you can choose one of the Edit buttons to open the original file or a copy to review it or make changes.

If you have selected a file, you next need to tell Mastercam how you want to include it. Choose Save in MCX file to save the text with your part file, or choose Read only when posting if you want to be able to edit the text without going into your Mastercam file, or if the same file will be used many times.

Finally, choose how you want the text formatted. You can choose to format it as comments in your program, or as code to be executed.

IMPORTANT: It is entirely your responsibility to ensure that the text or codes are appropriate for your control and post processor and are formatted correctly, and to ensure that your post processor is written to properly handle the comments.

Note: To manually insert text, codes, or commands at specific points within a toolpath or operation, use the Change at Point dialog box. You might also consider using canned text to create custom codes or program segments.

Lathe Point ToolpathsPositioning the tool at a specific point or making it follow a series of specific points is a helpful technique you can use to avoid a fixture or clamp, or to get the tool into or out of a tight area or an awkward shape. You might also use this type of toolpath to position the tool between cutting operations.

Lathe point toolpaths let you build a series of tool movements by selecting a series of individual locations in the graphics window, rather than have the tool follow geometry.

To begin creating a point toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Point and use the Point Toolpath ribbon bar to create the toolpath.

Figure 7-66: Point Toolpath ribbon bar

When you begin creating the toolpath, you are prompted to select the first point to which the tool will rapid from the home position. To add additional points, click the locations in the graphics window. Use the G0 (interpolated rapid / rapid with break),

Back

up

Add Remove

Rapid

Feed r

ate

Rapid

with br

eak

Chang

e mod

e

Move


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or G1 (feed rate) buttons to define the type of move before selecting points, or to edit them afterwards.

For each point in the toolpath, you can program the following types of tool movement:

Rapid: The tool rapids to the new point in a straight line (interpolated in multiple axes).

Rapid break: The tool rapids to the new point, but each axis is interpolated separately; in other words, first the Z-axis component of the move is performed, then the X-axis move (the actual order of the axes depends on the tool orientation and the direction of movement).

Feed rate: The tool moves to the new points at the programmed feed rate (G1).

Change mode: Changes the type of motion to a particular point when editing a point toolpath. First select the button for the desired type of motion (Rapid, Rapid break). Then choose Change mode and click on the point to change. You can select more than one point. Press [Enter] when you have finished selecting points.

Use the Back up button to delete points and back up to the previous point. Click OK when you finish selecting the points.

Use the Toolpath parameters tab to select a tool, coolant, and set other toolpath options. To achieve the desired tool motion, try disabling the reference points feature (deselect the Ref points check box).

Lathe Thread ToolpathsUse this toolpath type to create spiral shapes on a part to make a screw, bolt, or nut. You can program straight or tapered threads on the outside, inside, or face of a part.

A threading toolpath is typically the last toolpath performed on a lathe part because of the need for accuracy. A threaded part has to fit precisely into another part. You can program threads on the OD (outside diameter) or ID (inside diameter) to secure parts to each other.

Mastercam provides several thread tables with hundreds of pre-defined thread sizes. You can also calculate your own thread sizes for non-standard diameters using pre-defined thread formulas.

With Mastercam, you do not select geometry to create a thread toolpath. It is created entirely from the thread parameters you enter.

Choose Thread from the Toolpaths menu. Choose a tool, then use the Thread shape parameters and Thread cut parameters tabs to define the thread toolpath.


Figure 7-67: Lathe Thread Toolpath, Thread shape parameters tab

In the Thread shape parameters tab, there are three main parts to the parameters you define:

Thread form geometry: Select the dimensions from a thread form table; compute them from a formula, or just enter the values directly into the fields.

Thread orientation: Program threads on the ID, OD, or face/back. You can also enter a taper value, or cut threads from the other side of the X-axis by selecting the proper options. The guide pictures update as you make different selections.

Thread allowance values: Choose these from a table, or enter the values directly.

TIP: To preview the thread geometry in the graphics window, choose Draw geometry. You can also use the picture in the tab to verify your selections.

Use the Thread cut parameters tab to enter toolpath and cutting parameters for a thread toolpath.


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Figure 7-68: Lathe Thread Toolpath, Thread cut parameters tab

Cutoff ToolpathsCutoff toolpaths vertically cut off pieces of the part, such as sections of bar stock. When you choose Toolpaths, Cutoff, you do not chain any geometry for the cutoff toolpath. Instead, you select the point where the part is cut off. Then select a tool and use the Cutoff Parameters tab to define the toolpath.


Figure 7-69: Lathe Cutoff Toolpath, Cutoff parameters tab

In the following example of a cutoff toolpath, the dotted line shows the toolpath. The boundary is marked with a circle.

Quick and Canned ToolpathsMastercam provides special types of toolpaths for turning applications: quick toolpaths for simple parts and canned toolpaths, which take advantage of your machine tool's canned cycles.


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Notes:

• Canned toolpaths are machine- and control-dependent. To create canned toolpaths, the control definition used with the selected Lathe machine type must allow the corresponding canned cycles. You set these parameters in the Control Definition Manager, Machine Cycles properties page. For more information, see “Machine Cycles” on page 798.

• The post processor used with the control must also be configured to support canned cycles.

Quick toolpaths—The Toolpaths, Quick menu includes quick rough, finish, and groove toolpaths, which let you create simple toolpaths by entering only a few parameters.

Quick rough toolpaths: Coarsely cuts the part geometry in preparation of a finish toolpath. Choose this toolpath type to quickly create a simple roughing operation and do not need Mastercam's more advanced roughing features.

Quick finish toolpaths: Useful for placing finish passes on an uncomplicated part where you do not need all of Mastercam's more advanced finishing options. You can chain geometry for this toolpath or simply select an existing roughing operation. Quick finish toolpaths are also associative.

Quick groove toolpaths: Creates simple, symmetrical grooves. Quick groove toolpaths offer you a subset of Mastercam's grooving options.

Canned toolpaths—Use functions in the Toolpaths, Canned menu to create very efficient NC programs using your CNC machine controller’s canned cycle programs. Another benefit of creating canned toolpaths is that you can change the toolpath by editing canned cycle parameters at the control level using the Control Definition Manager, instead of recreating the NC program. Mastercam Lathe canned toolpath types include:

Canned rough toolpaths: Creates a roughing toolpath based on your machine tool control's canned cycles. For example, a Fanuc-compatible post would typically output a G71.

Canned finish toolpaths: Creates a finish pass for a canned rough or pattern repeat toolpath which is based on your machine tool control's canned cycles. For example, a Fanuc-compatible post would typically output a G70 for this toolpath.

Canned groove toolpaths: Use canned groove toolpaths to machine a groove using your machine tool control's canned cycles. For example, a Fanuc-compatible post would typically output a G75.

Canned pattern repeat: Creates a roughing toolpath in which the cutting passes follow the part contour. Each cutting pass offsets the contour by a


stepover percentage which you control. Use this toolpath type when the stock to be removed is similar to the shape of the part contour and a regular roughing pass would cut mostly air. The code produced by this toolpath is based on your machine tool control's canned cycles. For example, a Fanuc-compatible post would typically output a G73.

Notes:

• Using canned toolpath types results in a very compact NC program, but you do not have access to all of Mastercam's features for the selected toolpath type (roughing, finishing, grooving, and pattern repeat).

• The canned toolpath dialog boxes display only those parameters that are supported by your machine controller’s canned cycle programs.

• Use the Lathe canned cycles section in the control definition to configure which canned cycles will be available and which toolpath features will generate canned cycle output.

• If canned cycle output is not enabled, Mastercam will generate “long-hand” output; in other words, individual Gcodes for every positioning and cutting move.

Adding to a Chained Contour (Mastercam Lathe)To define a line that will be added to the start and/or end of the chained contour without creating extra geometry, you can use the New Contour Line or Adjust Contour dialog boxes. This may be necessary when the geometry that is chained for a toolpath lies totally within the stock boundary. Adding a line to the contour to extend the chain in a pre-defined direction can help ensure that the tool does not rapid into the stock at the start of a pass, or rapid along the stock at the end of a pass.

To access the New Contour dialog box:

Click the Lead In or Lead In/Out button on the parameters tab for any lathe toolpath except thread, drill, and C-axis toolpaths.

Then select the Add Line check box and button from the Lead In/Out dialog box.

To access the Adjust Contour dialog box, choose Adjust start of contour or Adjust end of contour from the Groove Shape Parameters tab.

Note: In the Groove Shape Parameters tab, the Adjust end / start of contour options are available only when the groove is defined from chained geometry.


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Mill/Turn ToolpathsMill/turn toolpaths use “live” tooling in which the tool rotates in its own spindle. The part can be stationary in the chuck or the part spindle can be programmed as a rotary axis (C-axis). You use tool planes (Tplanes) to specify how the tool is oriented with respect to the part.

Mill/turn machines come in two styles: C-axis and Y-axis.

The C-axis machine, which is more common, provides linear motion in the X and Z axes and rotary motion around the C axis.

Y-axis machines support the C-axis motion and have an additional linear axis that allows the milling tool to move above and below the spindle's center line.

In this section, you will learn how to create the following mill/turn toolpath types.

C-axis Contour Toolpath Types

C-axis Drill Toolpath Types

C-axis Contour Toolpaths (page 710):

Creates a rotary toolpath that wraps around the spindle axis.

C-axis Cross-contour Toolpaths (page 710):

Cuts parallel to the spindle axis, for example, to cut a slot lengthwise on the part.

C-axis Face Contour Toolpaths (page 711):

Machines chained geometry or a contour on the face of a part.

C-axis Drill Toolpaths (page 712):

Creates a rotary axis drill toolpath that wraps around the spindle axis (axis substitution).

C-axis Cross Drill Toolpaths (page 712):

Drills from the side towards the centerline or off-center.

C-axis Face Drill Toolpaths (page 713):

Drills on the face of the part parallel to the centerline, but not necessarily on the centerline.


C-axis Contour ToolpathsUse C-axis contour toolpaths to cut geometry which wraps around a cylinder. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpaths, C-axis, C-Axis Contour. A typical application would be to cut text on a round part. Mastercam sets the tool plane (Tplane) and construction plane (Cplane) to the top. This way, the tool is placed perpendicular to the spindle axis, which is the axis of rotation.

Choosing this toolpath sets the default cutter compensation to Off so that the center of the tool follows the chained geometry. (You can override this, as necessary.)

C-axis contour toolpaths automatically set the rotation type to Axis substitution around the Z axis. This gives you the choice of chaining either flat geometry which will be rolled around the cylinder, or geometry which is already properly positioned in 3D space.

Use the Rotary Axis Control property page of the C-Axis Contour dialog box to to configure rotary axis motion for mill/turn applications. Select one of three types of rotary motion:

Choose C-axis for linear motion in the X and Z axes and you need rotary motion around the C axis.

Choose Y-axis if you need the milling tool to move above or below the spindle's center line.

Use Axis substitution to wrap a toolpath around a cylinder. The geometry can be either flat or already properly oriented in 3D space.

If the geometry is already properly positioned, select the Unroll option. If the geometry is flat, deselect this option. Flat geometry should be in the Top Cplane at a Z-depth of 0 (zero).

C-axis Cross-contour ToolpathsUse cross-contour toolpaths to cut parallel to the axis of rotation. These toolpaths are most often used to cut slots. Mastercam sets the tool plane (Tplane) and construction plane (Cplane) so that the tool is placed perpendicular to the axis of rotation

Mastercam creating a C-axis contour toolpath


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(typically, the part spindle). To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpaths, C-axis, Cross Contour.

The following picture shows a cross contour toolpath which cuts slots along the outside of the cylinder. The tool cuts the slot by following the single straight line in the middle of each slot.

Note: Choosing this toolpath type also sets the default cutter compensation to Off so that the center of the tool follows the chained geometry.

C-axis Face Contour ToolpathsFace contour creates a toolpath on the face of the part with the tool parallel to the axis of rotation. Mastercam automatically sets the tool plane (Tplane) and construction plane (Cplane) to the side so that the tool is placed perpendicular to the face of the part. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpaths, C-axis, Face Contour.

The following picture shows a face contour toolpath. The dotted line represents tool movement.


Set the rotation type to C-axis in the the Rotary Axis Control property page of the C-Axis Contour dialog box to produce polar-conversion output for a C-axis lathe, or select Y-axis rotation to produce X-Y-Z coordinate output.

C-axis Drill ToolpathsUse C-axis drill toolpaths to drill holes perpendicular to the part's spindle axis, as when drilling holes in a cylinder. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpaths, C-axis, C-Axis Drill. You can choose points which are already in their correct 3D positions around the Z axis, or you can choose points which are in the top construction plane and let Mastercam roll them around the axis of rotation. The toolpath is then created by converting the X coordinate of each point in the top Cplane to an angle about the Z axis. The position is determined by the rotary axis diameter entered in the the Rotary Axis Control property page of the C-Axis Contour dialog box. The resulting toolpath is then displayed in its rolled state.

If the points are already in their correct 3D positions, you must check Unroll in the the Rotary Axis Control property page of the C-Axis Contour dialog box. Even if the points lie in different planes, you can select all the points that you want to drill at the same time without having to specify the tool plane for every hole.

Note: C-axis drill toolpaths are similar to C-axis cross drill toolpaths. The difference is how they produce the rotary motion. For more information, see “Comparing C-axis Drill and Cross-drill Toolpaths” on page 712.

C-axis Cross Drill ToolpathsUse these toolpaths to drill holes perpendicular to the part’s spindle axis, as when drilling holes in a cylinder. Mastercam uses the side tool plane (Tplane) and construction plane (Cplane) so that the tool axis will be perpendicular to the axis of rotation. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpaths, C-axis, Cross Drill.

Cross drill toolpaths also let you choose arcs instead of points to identify the drill points. When you select arcs, the drill point is the arc center point and the drilling direction is the arc normal. Select arcs instead of points when you are drilling off-center, because Mastercam will use the plane of the arc as the Tplane.

Comparing C-axis Drill and Cross-drill ToolpathsC-axis drill toolpaths and C-axis cross-drill toolpaths are both used to drill perpendicular to the axis of rotation, but they each use different rotary axis parameters.

When creating a C-axis cross-drill toolpath, use the side Tplane and select a rotary axis in the the Rotary Axis Control property page of the C-Axis Contour dialog box to create the rotary axis codes (Y-axis or C-axis).


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When creating a C-axis drill toolpath, create the toolpath in the top Tplane and use Axis substitution. This gives you the flexibility to select either points that are properly positioned in 3D space around the rotation axis, or point that lie in the top plane. Select the Unroll option if the drill points are already properly oriented, or deselect it if the points are in the top plane.

C-axis Face Drill ToolpathsFace drill toolpaths allow you to drill holes in the face of the part. Because this toolpath uses live tooling on a stationary part, you can drill holes that are not on the centerline.

Depending on how the post processor is configured, this toolpath typically outputs a mill drill cycle such as G81, whereas a regular lathe drill toolpath outputs a lathe drill cycle such as G99. To create this toolpath type, choose Toolpaths, C-axis, Face Drill.

When selected, Mastercam sets the Tplane and Cplane to the side so that the tool is placed perpendicular to the face of the part.

Using the CView Utility Many C-axis toolpaths automatically set the Tplane and Cplane for you. However, mill toolpaths do not. Use the CView Utility function and dialog box to set Tplanes and Cplanes for these toolpath types.

To run the Cview utility:1 Prior to creating a mill toolpath, from the Machine Type menu, select a lathe

machine definition that supports this type of toolpath.

2 From the Mastercam menu, choose Toolpaths, Mill, Cview utility.


3 In the Cview dialog box, use the following procedure to define the toolpath orientation:

a In the C-axis Milling Type section, set the general orientation of the toolpath. This selection determines the Tplane.

Choose Cross if the toolpath will move along the side or along the length of the part.

Choose Axis substitution to wrap the toolpath around the part.

b In the Construction Plane (Relative to Tplane) section, define how the Cplane will be oriented relative to the Tplane:

Choose Parallel to set the Cplane equal to the Tplane.

Choose Perpendicular or Swiss to set the Cplane to either of the two planes perpendicular to the Tplane. For example, for Cross milling—which sets the Tplane to Back—the Perpendicular option would set the Cplane to Top. Swiss would set it to Left, which is the other perpendicular plane.

c Choose an Initial Angle Adjustment to rotate the part so that a particular section or face is aligned to the Tplane/Cplane that you have selected. Choose the Select button to return to the graphics window and select an entity.


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Select a point to rotate the part so that the tool plane is normal to an imaginary line drawn from the point perpendicular to the X-axis.

Select a line to rotate the part so that the Tplane is normal to an imaginary line drawn from a point along the selected line to the X axis. The imaginary line is perpendicular to selected line and the X axis.

Select an arc to set the Initial Angle normal to the arc's plane.

TIP: Choose Display to temporarily close the dialog box and view a representation of these settings in the graphics window. The tool displays its orientation in the Tplane; the white rectangle represents the Cplane. Press Enter to exit the display and return to the Cview dialog box.

4 Click OK to accept the settings and exit the dialog box.

5 To begin creating the toolpath using the orientation you have defined, choose Toolpaths, Mill and select a Mill toolpath type.

IMPORTANT: The Tplane and Cplane orientation you set with the CView utility function remains in effect until you change it, either by using the Planes function in the Status bar, or by choosing a toolpath type from the Toolpaths, C-axis menu. These toolpath types have a pre-defined orientation that is automatically set.

Miscellaneous OperationsYou use miscellaneous operations to manipulate the stock and program the movements of peripherals like tailstocks, chucks, and steady rests. These toolpaths might output M-codes or G-codes. You can program miscellaneous operations only for peripherals that are supported by the active machine definition.

Lathe Stock Transfer operation:

Lets you program operations on the opposite side or back of a lathe part in the same Mastercam file.

Lathe Stock Advance operation:

Creates an operation that repositions the stock in the spindle or controls a bar feeder.

Lathe Stock Flip operation:

Outputs a comment and program stop in the NC code, which lets the operator manually remove the stock and reposition (flip) it in the chuck. You can program stock flip operations on the opposite side and back of a lathe part in the same Mastercam file.


Choose from the following operation types:

Stock Transfer OperationsThis toolpath type lets you program operations on the opposite side or back of a lathe part in the same Mastercam file.

Figure 7-70: Lathe Stock Transfer Properties dialog box

Lathe Chuck operation:

Creates an operation that will clamp, unclamp, and reposition the chuck.

Lathe Tailstock operation:

Creates an operation to reposition the tailstock.

Lathe Steady Rest operation:

Creates an operation that repositions the steady rest.

Stock Transfer Operations (page 716)

Chuck Operations (page 719)

Stock Advance Operations (page 717)

Tailstock Operations (page 720)

Stock Flip Operations (page 718)

Steady Rest Operations (page 721)


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IMPORTANT: Before programming a stock transfer operation, you must first use Stock Setup in the Toolpath Manager to define the stock and chuck boundaries. Define stock only for a single spindle; Mastercam cannot create the transfer operation if stock has been defined for both spindles. The sub-spindle does not have to be defined in Stock Setup, but if it is not, it cannot be simulated in the backplot function.

To create a stock transfer operation, choose Toolpaths, Misc Ops, Stock Transfer. In the Lathe stock transfer tab, use the following process to create an operation which transfers the stock to a chuck on the other spindle.

Transfer the geometry—Choose the Transfer geometry option. This creates a copy of your part geometry aligned with the repositioned stock. (The original geometry is left unchanged.) Choose the Select button to return to the graphics window and select the specific entities or chains that you want to copy. You can specify a different level for the new geometry, as necessary.

Locate the stock—Enter the original and new positions for the stock. You can select the locations, or choose From stock back face to automatically use the back face of the stock as currently calculated by Mastercam. The point you choose does not have to be on the face of the stock. You can choose any convenient reference point.

Control the chucks—Use the Main Spindle Position section to enter the location of a reference point on the chuck which is currently holding the stock. Enter the current location and the location to which the chuck will move after the stock has been picked-off or Select the locations.

Then, enter the coordinates of a reference point of a chuck on the sub-spindle which will be receiving the stock. Enter its current location, and the location where it will pick-off the part. The relationship between this Z-coordinate and the current stock location determines how much of the stock will be clamped. If you choose the Get dia. from stock option, Mastercam automatically calculates the current stock diameter at the Z coordinate you enter for the pick-off position.

The final location of the chuck after it picks off the part is determined by the Transferred Position you specify for the stock.

Move the coordinate system—Choose Construction Origin or Tool Origins to relocate the coordinate system to the new spindle. Select the desired “Move...” option and Z position of the source and destination locations.

Stock Advance OperationsTo create a stock advance toolpath, choose Misc Ops, Stock Advance from the Toolpaths menu. Use the options in the Lathe Stock Advance Properties tab to create a stock advance operation that repositions the stock in the spindle or controls a bar feeder.


Figure 7-71: Lathe Stock Advance Properties dialog box

TIP: If the current bar feeder is not capable of measuring how far it has advanced the stock, use the Toolpath parameters tab in this dialog box to select a tool used to stop the stock from advancing or to pull the stock to its new position.

Stock Flip OperationsStock flip operations output a comment and program stop in the NC code, which lets the operator manually remove the stock and reposition (flip) it in the chuck. To program operations on the opposite side or back of a lathe part in the same Mastercam file, choose Toolpaths, Misc Ops, Stock Flip. Use the Lathe stock flip tab to enter parameters for the new operation.


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Figure 7-72: Lathe Stock Flip Properties dialog box

Chuck OperationsUse this operation to clamp, unclamp, or reposition the chuck. This lets you take advantage of the automatic clamping and unclamping features on your machine. Mastercam’s collision avoidance features prevent the tool from making a move into the chuck.

IMPORTANT: To create a chuck operation, you must first define the chuck in the Toolpath Manager Stock Setup tab. Also, the machine and control definition must support the operation.

To create a chuck toolpath, choose Toolpaths, Misc Ops, Chuck. Use the Lathe chuck tab to enter parameters for the new operation.


Figure 7-73: Lathe Chuck Properties dialog box

If your machine has two spindles, select the active spindle for the operation.

Select the type of operation. You can create operations to clamp, unclamp, or move the chuck.

Enter the original and final positions of the chuck, or choose the Select button to select the locations from the graphics window.

To restrict the chuck's movement to X-axis moves only, choose the Diameter only option. This is especially useful for Swiss machines where the chuck moves in Z instead of the tool.

Tailstock OperationsUse this operation to reposition the tailstock.

IMPORTANT: To create a tailstock operation, the tailstock must already be defined in the Toolpath Manager Stock Setup tab and the machine and control definition must support the operation.

To access the Lathe Tailstock Properties tab and define the operation, choose Toolpaths, Misc Ops, Tailstock.


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Figure 7-74: Lathe Tailstock Properties dialog box

In the Operation section, select Advance or Retract to indicate whether the operation is moving the tailstock towards the part or pulling it away. Mastercam automatically advances or retracts the quill based on your selection.

Then, enter the original and destination positions of a reference point on the tailstock, or choose the Select button to select the locations from the graphics window. If you have created a stock model and drilled a 60-degree center hole in the face, choose the Auto option to automatically position the tailstock in the hole.

Steady Rest OperationsSteady rest operations allow you to use the automatic steady rest repositioning features on the machine. Mastercam’s collision avoidance features prevent the tool from making a move into the steady rest.


IMPORTANT: To create a steady rest operation, you must first define a steady rest in the Toolpath Manager Stock Setup tab. Also, the machine and control definition must support this type of operation.

To create an operation that repositions the steady rest, choose Toolpaths, Misc Ops, Steady Rest use the Lathe steady rest tab to define the operation.

Figure 7-75: Lathe Steady Rest Properties dialog box

Enter the original and destination positions for a reference point on the steady rest. You can choose Select to return to the graphics window and select the locations if you wish. The point you choose can be any convenient reference point on the steady rest.

Note: Mastercam Lathe is delivered with a C-Hook (Steadyrest.dll), which easily defines the boundaries for an existing steady rest machine component for lathe machine definitions. To access this C-Hook, choose Settings, Run User Application, and open the Steadyrest.dll file. Click the Help button on the dialog box for detailed information

Nesting and Engraving ToolpathsThis section provides an overview of Mastercam’s Nesting and Engraving toolpaths.

TOOLPATH TYPES / Nesting and Engraving Toolpaths • 723

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Nesting ToolpathsNesting is the process of fitting multiple copies of a part within a boundary (material sheet) for best yield. Parts can be nested next to each other or even within each other to provide the most efficient use of the material.

You can choose to nest geometry or toolpaths. You can bring in geometry from a file or chain it in the graphics window. To use toolpaths for nesting, they must already be defined in the current part file.

Nesting provides several methods for defining sheets of material. A sheet definition consists of the sheet geometry, length and width dimensions, quantity of that sheet to be used in the nesting session, position of the lower left corner (origin), and the grain direction. Each material sheet you define can be used in the current nesting session. You can also save the sheets to a nesting sheet library file (.NSL) for reuse.

Both geometry parts and toolpath parts can be added as clusters. A cluster is a collection of parts that are nested as a single unit and maintain their spatial relationship with each other.

The parts in a nesting session or operation can lie at different Z depths. Nesting generates the session at the current Z (construction) depth.

The Nesting add-on to Mastercam provides two modes of operation: Rectangular and TrueShape.

Rectangular nesting places a bounding box around the part and uses the box as the part boundary for nesting. Rectangular nesting supports a subset of the TrueShape nesting functionality.

TrueShape nesting extends nesting functionality beyond Rectangular nesting by creating interlocking copies of different parts to provide maximum material usage. The graphic below shows a part (geometry only) nested with TrueShape nesting. Copies of the part or toolpath are fitted together using the part shape, a rotation angle, reversing the copy (mirror), and other


parameters. With TrueShape Nesting, Mastercam nests the parts or toolpaths within the sheet boundary regardless of its shape, allowing you to use irregular shaped sheets.

Note: TrueShape nesting is a separately-purchased option for Mastercam Design, Router, Mill, and Wire. For more information, contact your local Mastercam Reseller.

Use the following guidelines to create nesting operations:1 In Mastercam, create or import the geometry or toolpaths that define the

parts you want to nest.

2 Create or open a nesting session by choosing Xform, Geometry Nesting (geometry-based nesting) or Toolpaths, Nesting (toolpath-based nesting).

3 In the Nesting dialog box, choose material sheets by selecting or defining them.

4 Select or create nesting parts based on chained geometry (imported from a file or selected in the current Mastercam file), or from predefined toolpaths selected in the Toolpath Manager.

5 Set nesting parameters.

6 View and refine nesting session results.

7 Save the nesting session, sheets and parts, as necessary.

Nesting Tips and Guidelines Save common sheet sizes to nested sheet libraries (.NSL files) or in individual

MCX files.


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To create as many sheets as needed to accommodate the number of parts, choose Create necessary quantity in the Sheets tab.

Select Trim in the Additions tab to create a saw toolpath operation that will cut the remnant from the sheet. If both a horizontal and vertical cut-off are necessary, you can define the sequence of the cuts or combine them.

Save common parts to nested part libraries (.NPL files) or in MCX files.

When you are satisfied with the nesting results, save the nesting session to create an .NST file you can reuse. The .NST file contains part information and nesting session parameters.

When you require a controlled number of each part in the nesting session, create a group.

To read a detailed report about the nesting results, choose Details in the Nesting Results dialog box.

When you nest a part that contains a block drilling operation and allow it to rotate to a new orientation on the sheet, Mastercam automatically creates a single block drilling operation for the entire sheet. This allows you to regenerate the block drilling operation, as necessary. If the nested part contains two sheets of material with block drilling operations on both sheets, two block drill operations are added. Each new block drilling operation is inserted in the Toolpath Manager directly above the nesting result.

Engraving ToolpathsWhen creating Engraving toolpaths, you can define roughing, finishing, and remachining operations. Engraving generates a contour-like finish pass as part of the roughing operation.

TIP: Although engraving toolpaths do not require roughing, you can use roughing to clean out cavities as an alternative to pocketing.

Use the following general steps to create an engraving toolpath:1 Choose a router machine definition from the Machine Type menu.

2 Select Toolpaths, Engraving.

3 Select an appropriate tool, such as an engraving bit or chamfer bit, and set tool parameters.

4 Choose the Engraving parameters tab to set the clearance, retract plane and feed plane heights, machining depth and direction, top of stock, and the amount of stock to leave for a finish pass. You can also set the toolpath to roll around sharp corners, wrap a toolpath on a curved surface, filter points from


the toolpath for smoother motion, specify the number and type of depth cuts, and remachine the toolpath.

Note: If you use a flat cutter to machine out a cavity and plan to remachine the corners, you can enter an Angle for flat cutter offset that offsets the tip of the straight (flat) bit to match the V-groove tip position. This ensures that the roughing operation does not gouge the engraved edge.

5 In the Roughing/Finishing parameters tab, define the roughing, finishing, or remachining operations for the toolpath. You can select from several roughing methods or patterns. The one you choose depends on the shape of the part. Use Parallel spiral and Clean corners on round parts; Zigzag and One way for rectangular parts. You should also use One way if the material has a grain that you want to cut only in one direction.

Note: The rough cutting methods are unavailable when you create an engraving remachining operation. Remachining toolpaths always use the zigzag cutting pattern.

6 Click OK to accept the toolpath parameters and close the dialog box.

Engraving Tips and Guidelines Engraving requires closed boundaries and a V-groove tool, such as an

engraving bit or chamfer bit.

Inner boundaries are islands you can emboss by selecting Rough in the Roughing/finishing tab.

To remove material from a cavity, use an engraving roughing toolpath and a straight (flat) bit. In the Engraving parameters tab, enter an Angle for flat cutter offset that matches the tool you selected. Set the XY stock to leave value to leave material for the finish pass. After creating the roughing operation, reselect the geometry and create an engraving toolpath to carve the geometry with the selected tool.

When creating a roughing operation for engraving, set the Tolerance in the Roughing/Finishing tab to a value smaller than the XY stock to leave value (specified in the Engraving parameters tab) but larger than the default. A looser tolerance will reduce the size of the NC program. After creating the roughing operation, reselect the geometry and create a remachining operation to clean up areas of material left by the roughing operation.

An engraving remachining toolpath uses a smaller tool to remove material that cannot be removed by the roughing tool, and then makes a finish pass.


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You can calculate the material to be removed either from the previous operation or from the dimensions of the roughing tool.

Note: If you use a previous operation to calculate the remaining stock for an engraving remachining operation, you cannot rearrange the operations later in the Toolpath Manager.


chapter 8

Machine and Control DefinitionsIn this chapter, you will learn about:

Introducing Machine and Control Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 729

Working with Machine Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 739

Working with Control Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 763

Introducing Machine and Control Definitions

Machine and control definitions are key building blocks in Mastercam X that let you organize your Mastercam installation to match your shop floor. Before Mastercam X, settings that were required by your machine tool or control unit were stored in the post processor, job setup, or the toolpath parameters themselves. This made it challenging to program for different machines, or move jobs from one machine to another. In Mastercam X, settings that are specific to your machine tool are stored in the machine definition, and settings that are specific to your control are stored in the control definitions, resulting in simpler and cleaner toolpath parameters and post processors. This also lets you set up jobs for specific machines in a much simpler and more straightforward way than ever before.

To create machining jobs in Mastercam X, you need the following components. Each is stored in a separate file.

Machine definition—File extension matches machine type:

Each file contains a single machine definition.

Control definition—Stored in a .CONTROL file. All products and machine types use the same file extension. Each .CONTROL file can store several control definitions,


.RMD (Router) .WMD (Wire EDM)


so that the .CONTROL file can be shared by multiple machines and can access multiple post processors. Think of a .CONTROL file as a library of control definitions. It works the same way as tool libraries, which store sets of tool definitions so that individual tools can be accessed by different machines. If you have multiple machines and post processors to support, you can use .CONTROL files to determine which posts can be used with which machines.

Post processor—Stored in a .PST file. (Encrypted posts are stored in a .PSB file.)

Each control definition is linked to a specific post processor.

In Mastercam X, the .PST file also stores the post text and miscellaneous values, so that the .TXT file used in earlier versions of Mastercam is no longer used.

The most common arrangement for most installations will be to link a single machine definition file, a single control definition in a .CONTROL file, and a single post processor together. In this model, selecting a machine definition is similar to selecting a post processor in earlier versions of Mastercam. For advanced users, the machine definition and control definition architecture lets you configure a single post to be used with multiple machine definitions, or single machine definitions that can use several different posts.

Machine Definitions and Machine GroupsBefore creating any toolpaths or machining operations, you need to select the machine that will run the toolpaths. All of your available machine definitions are listed on the Machine Type menu at the top of your Mastercam window.

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When you select a machine, Mastercam creates a machine group in the Toolpath Manager.

The machine group is where Mastercam stores all of your toolpaths for the selected machine. The machine group and its properties contain most of the Job Setup functions from earlier versions of Mastercam.

To create operations for another machine, select the new machine and Mastercam automatically creates a new machine group for it.

For example, if your part requires both milling and turning operations, you can create separate lathe and mill machine groups just by selecting the proper machines. You can save them all in the same part. Each machine group stores a complete job setup for the selected machine.


While you will work with machine definitions every time you create toolpaths, for most day-to-day tasks, you will not need to explicitly work with .CONTROL files. Just like in a real machine tool, the control is “bolted on” to a machine definition, so that when you select the machine definition, the control gets selected with it.

When you select a machine from the Machine Type menu, several other things happen:

A post processor is automatically selected. It is possible to configure a machine definition with several available post processors. In this case, a default post processor is automatically selected when you pick the machine, but you can select any allowed post from the machine group properties (see “Selecting a Different Post Processor” on page 756).

Mastercam loads a set of operation defaults (.DEFAULTS file).

Mastercam’s interface changes to match the selected machine. If you select a lathe, for example, the Toolpaths menu lists only Mastercam Lathe toolpaths. In addition, the set of toolbars that display change to match the selected machine. For example, when you select a lathe machine definition, toolbars for lathe toolpaths and functions are displayed instead of mill functions.

TIP: You can choose which set of toolbars to load with a specific machine. For example, you can choose to display the toolbars for multiaxis toolpaths when a 5-axis mill is selected. Select the toolbar state in the Machine Definition Manager:

Then select Toolbar States from the Settings menu to customize the selected set of toolbars. For more information, see “Creating and Saving Toolbar States” on page 828.


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Machine Definition ComponentsThe machine definition has several major parts. First, there is a set of general machine properties:

Second, there is a component model that tells Mastercam exactly what axes and peripheral equipment are attached to the machine:

For each component, you can set properties such as travel/rotary motion limits and the axis orientation with respect to the machine world coordinate system. Mastercam Router users will use this section to define aggregate machining heads and drill blocks. You can also define axis combinations for machines with multiple sets of axes, such as multi-spindle lathes.


Finally, there is the selection of a control definition file (.CONTROL) and a default post processor (.PST/.PSB):

When creating a machine definition, first select the .CONTROL file. Mastercam then displays the list of available post processors in the Post-processor list so you can select one. (For most users, each machine definition will only list a single post processor.)

For most users, who will only configure a single control definition and post for each machine definition, this list will only contain a single post. You can use the Control Definition Manager to add posts so that they are available in this list (see “Adding Posts” on page 775). Operators will then be able to select any post that appears in this list as part of the machine group properties, but the post that you select here will be the default.


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To create and edit machine definitions, select Machine Definition Manager from the Settings menu:

See “Using the Machine Definition Manager” on page 740 to learn more.

Control Definition FunctionsThe control definition serves a number of functions.

It stores settings about your control unit and its capabilities. For example, configuring feed rates, cutter compensation options, tolerances, arc and helix creation options, as well as canned cycles and subroutines are all control definition settings.

It contains a link to the post processor. Each control definition can point to only one post processor (.PST/.PSB file). This means that each .CONTROL file contains a complete set of control settings that can be customized for each post. It also means that each post contains a complete set of post text and miscellaneous values that can be customized for each control or machine.


Note: The same post can be used by more than one control definition, provided the control definitions are stored in different .CONTROL files or used by different types of machines.

It configures the posting environment. In addition to the name and path of the post processor, this includes the files to create (.NC, .NCI, .OPS), their paths, and the communication/DNC settings. For example, if you have a part with several machine groups, you can select all of the groups and post them at once, even if they use completely different machine types. Mastercam automatically selects the proper post and creates the proper set of files for the toolpaths in each group, based on the settings in the control definition used by each group.

It sets values for a number of pre-defined post variables. For example, many of the tolerances settings initialize predefined variables that in previous versions of Mastercam could only be set within the .PST file. Other settings include many NC output variables, such as sequence numbers and their format.

For users who develop post processors, control definition settings are transmitted to the post in several ways. As mentioned, some control definition settings initialize specific pre-defined post variables. Many of the other control definition settings are available to your post processor through operation parameters.

The Mastercam X4 NCI & Parameter Reference (available as a PDF file in your \Documentation folder) lists the post variables and parameter numbers corresponding to each control definition setting.

In addition, the control definition provides the mechanism for transmitting post text and miscellaneous values from the .PST file to the rest of Mastercam.

TIP: Users familiar with earlier versions of Mastercam will notice that all of the numbered post questions have been replaced by control definition settings.

Although each .CONTROL file can store several individual control definitions—each corresponding to a different post processor or machine type—most users will store a single control definition in each .CONTROL file, so that each .CONTROL file corresponds to a single post processor.


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Use the Control Definition Manager in the Settings menu to create and edit control definitions. Mastercam organizes all of the control settings in properties pages.

If the .CONTROL file contains more than one control definition, select the post processor which identifies the desired control definition:

(See “Adding Posts” on page 775 to add posts to this list.)

Edit the control definition settings for that post by selecting control topics from the list. See “Using the Control Definition Manager” on page 763 to learn more.

Post Processor SectionsMastercam users experienced with earlier versions of Mastercam will recall that post processors consisted of two separate files, a primary .PST file and a .TXT file that contained post text and miscellaneous values. In Mastercam X, these have been combined into a single file, the .PST file. (Mastercam X also supports binary and


encrypted posts, .PSB files. In general, references to .PST files in this document apply equally well to .PSB files.)

Your post processor has two main sections:

The first section has the post blocks, processing logic, variable declarations, and formatting statements similar to pervious versions of Mastercam.

The second section is the post text section, It contains separate copies of post text for every control definition that references the post processor. This lets you customize the post text for specific controls or machines. For example, you could have a generic mill post that serviced two machines in your shop. The .PST file would have two complete post text sections, one for each machine.

See “Editing Post Text” on page 768 and “Editing Miscellaneous Values” on page 775 to learn more.

Differences in Machine Group (local) and Disk (master) CopiesWhen you select a machine definition and create a machine group, Mastercam stores a local copy of the machine definition and its control definition in your part file, as part of the machine group. To users familiar with earlier versions of Mastercam, this is similar to the way that Mastercam loaded a copy of the tool definition in your part file when you selected a tool from a tool library. This lets you create job-specific edits to the tool definition, and it saved the tool information in the part file so you could use the part file on any Mastercam workstation.

Mastercam X does the same thing with the machine and control definitions—except that they are stored as part of the machine group, which lets you use multiple machines in the same part file. You can make job-specific edits to the local machine group copy, or you can edit the master copy stored on your workstation’s hard drive—just like how, in earlier versions of Mastercam, you could edit the local copy of the tool definition or save changes to a tool library.

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Access the Machine Definition Manager from the Machine Group Properties dialog box to make job-specific edits to the local copies of the machine and control definitions saved in the machine group.

To edit the master copies stored on your hard drive (or create new machine and control definitions), choose Machine Definition Manager and Control Definition Manager from the Settings menu.

Working with Machine DefinitionsIn this section, you will learn how to perform a number of important tasks related to machine definitions.

“Using the Machine Definition Manager” on page 740 provides an overview of editing machine definitions.

“Configuring Start-up/Default Machine Definitions” on page 747 describes how to choose default machine definitions and how to start Mastercam with specific machines already loaded.

“Replacing the Machine Definition” on page 751 tells you how to change the machine definition used by an existing machine group. This is useful if you want to run a machining job on another machine.

“Selecting a Different .CONTROL File” on page 754 tells you how to change the .CONTROL file associated with the machine definition. This determines which post processors are available for that machine.


“Selecting a Different Post Processor” on page 756 explains how to use a different post processor for toolpaths that have already been created.

“Locking Machine and Control Definitions” on page 761 describes how to password-protect the master copies of your machine and control definitions.

Using the Machine Definition ManagerUse the Machine Definition Manager to create, edit, and save machine definitions. For most tasks, you will start the Machine Definition Manager by selecting it from the Settings menu. If your current part file already has one or more machine groups, Mastercam warns you that it is loading the machine definition of the active machine group.

This message is for your information only; click OK to clear it and continue.

By default, Mastercam loads the machine from the active machine group, but you can work on any machine definition you choose. Once the Machine Definition Manager is loaded, select the Open button and select the desired machine.


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To create a completely new machine definition, click the New button.

The following diagram provides an overview of how to use the Machine Definition Manager to build a machine.

Figure 8-1: Working with the Machine Definition Manager

General Machine Parameters has settings that affect the entire machine.

Open the to edit the selected .control file.Control Definition Manager

Create for machines with multiple axes sets, like multiple spindle lathes.axis combinations

Lock your machine definition with passwords.

DA

B

C

Some buttons are only used for simulation and event-driven programming functions.


Use the following general guidelines to build a machine defintiion:1 Start by dragging empty subassemblies from window A to the Machine

Configuration window C.

2 Then drag individual components B (such as axes and turrets) onto each subassembly. Choose only those components that are actually present on your machine.

3 Click the Component File button to open other libraries of specific components.

4 When a component has been added to the “tree” display, double-click it to set its properties, such as travel/rotation limits and axis orientation.

5 Use section D to select the control unit and post processor.

a First, select the .CONTROL file.

b Then select the post processor. Mastercam automatically populates the list with just the post processors from the .CONTROL file.

Editing the Local or Master CopyHow you choose to edit the machine definition depends on whether you are making job-specific changes to the current part, or whether you are making permanent changes as part of a new installation or machine setup. To perform either task, you will need to use the Machine Definition Manager but you access it in different ways, each of which is described in the following procedures.

“Making job-specific (local) changes to the machine definition”.

“Making changes to the disk (master) copy of the machine definition” on page 743.

See “Differences in Machine Group (local) and Disk (master) Copies” on page 738 if you do not understand what these terms mean.

Making job-specific (local) changes to the machine definitionTo make job-specific changes to the current machine definition, you need to go through the machine group properties in the Toolpath Manager. Changes that you make apply only to the active machine group and are saved in your part file.


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1 In the Toolpath Manager, click the Files icon in the machine group.

2 Click the Edit button in the Machine section.

Mastercam opens the Machine Definition Manager.

3 Make the desired changes. Some of the options are unavailable. For example, you cannot select a new .CONTROL file when you are editing the local copy. However, you can select a different post if the .CONTROL file has more than one post available; see “Selecting a different post processor—machines with multiple post processors” on page 758.

4 Click the OK button to save the changes back to the machine group properties and close the Machine Definition Manager.

Making changes to the disk (master) copy of the machine definitionTo make changes to the master copy of the machine definition stored on your workstation’s hard drive, access the Machine Definition Manager from the Settings menu.

1 From the Settings menu, choose Machine Definition Manager.

If your part file already has at least one machine group in the Toolpath Manager, Mastercam alerts you that it is loading the machine definition; click OK to clear the message from the screen.

If your part file has no machine groups, you are prompted to open an existing machine definition or to select a machine type to create a new one.


2 If necessary, click the Open button to open a different machine definition.

3 Make changes as desired. See “Working with the Machine Definition Manager” on page 741 for an overview of the different options.

4 Save your work:

Click the Save button to save the changes in the current file, or

Click the Save As button to create a new machine definition.

5 Click OK to close the Machine Definition Manager. Since the changes that you have just made were saved to the disk (master) copy of the machine definition, not to the machine group (local) copy, Mastercam asks if you want to replace the machine group copy with the new version.

6 Click Yes or No when prompted. If you click No, your active machine groups will not include your changes.

Machine Definition RequirementsThe Machine Definition Manager offers a great many features and options that let you model a machine with high degree of sophistication. However, not all of these features are useful for all applications.

All Mastercam products—including all levels of Mill—require only a parameter-based machine definition. This means that you do not need to create solid models of your machine components. These machine definitions do not support machine simulation or event-driven programming. Machine definitions need to meet the following requirements:


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All linear and rotary axes must be represented in the component tree. The axis orientation and labels must be set properly.

In addition, each component group that includes a programmable axis must include either a tool-holding component (such as a tool spindle) or work-holding component (such as a table or chuck).

Aggregate tooling heads and blocks must also be defined in the component tree.

You must have at least one axis combination. Axis combinations tell Mastercam which axis components define the coordinate system for a given operation. For example, a twin-spindle lathe will have two possible Z axes, depending on which spindle is in use.

Most 3-5 axis mills and routers will only have a single default axis combination:

Multi-turret, multi-spindle lathes will typically have several axis combinations that need to be individually defined:


You must select a control definition and post processor. All of your control definition pages should be completed and reviewed, since many post variables are initialized directly from their values.

For each component, you only need to complete the Parameters tab for the component properties:

Most of the General Machine Parameters are optional. Some of the tabs let you set useful defaults, such as tool libraries and construction planes, while other settings such as travel and motion limits are available to your post processor as parameter values.

Mill users who want to use the highfeed machining features need to complete the Machine dynamics tab:


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Lathe users who want to use a VTL need to set this up on the Cplane, WCS, HTC/VTL tab:

Configuring Start-up/Default Machine DefinitionsMastercam’s machine definition architecture provides extensive flexibility in organizing your machine definitions and configuring your default machines. For this reason, it can be confusing to coordinate all the different options so that Mastercam works in the most efficient way for you. The topics in this section explain how to configure default machine definitions for different uses in Mastercam.

Loading Machine Definitions On StartupFollow these steps to select a machine that will load automatically whenever you start a new Mastercam session. To start up with a machine other than the one associated with the default product, see “Using Mastercam Command Line Switches” on page 749.

Specifying a start-up machine definition1 Choose Configuration from the Settings menu.

2 Select the Default Machines page.


3 Choose the default machine definitions you want to use for each machine type.

4 Select the Start/Exit page.

5 In the Startup product drop-down list, select the product to load at start-up. If, for example, you want Mastercam to start up with a machine group for your default mill machine, choose Mill as your start-up product.

6 Click OK to save the settings in your .CONFIG file.

Mastercam uses default machine definitions in the following instances:

When you select Default from the submenus in the Machine type menu.

When you select File, New. In this case, Mastercam reads the product type (for example, Mill or Lathe) from the active machine group, and then gets the default machine for that product from the .CONFIG file.

When you import a part file from an earlier version of Mastercam.

Overriding the Default Machine DefinitionYou might find it more convenient, when creating new part files, to keep using the current machine definition instead of the default machine as described in “Specifying


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a start-up machine definition” on page 747. To make this change, select the Apply last machine definition option in the Settings, Configuration, Files properties page.

Selecting this option accomplishes the following:

When you create a new part file by selecting File, New from the menu, Mastercam automatically creates a machine group with the same product type and machine name as the active machine group.

When you import parts from earlier versions, Mastercam creates a machine group based on the most recently used machine in the current Mastercam session.

Even if you select this option, you should still set up a default machine definition. Mastercam uses the default machine definition when you select Default from any of the Machine Type submenus. Mastercam also uses the default machine definition if it cannot determine the most recently used machine. For example, if you are importing Mastercam Version 9 lathe parts, and you have not used Mastercam Lathe in the current session, Mastercam creates machine groups using the default lathe machine definition you have configured.

Using Mastercam Command Line SwitchesBy adding a command line switch for a specific Mastercam product, you can force Mastercam to start with the default machine definition for that product, rather than with the start-up product specified on the Start/Exit page. This is most useful when you have several Mastercam products installed and want to start each one with a specific machine.


The command line switches are simply the first letter of each product name:

If you wish, you can attach the command line switch to your desktop shortcut. Simply right-click on your Mastercam icon and choose Properties. Add the command line switch to the Target field:

Using System-level Default Machine DefinitionsIn addition to the default machine definition that you choose as described above, Mastercam also includes special machine definitions for each machine type (Mill, Lathe, Wire, Router) that encapsulate Mastercam’s system default values.

Mill /m

Lathe /l

Router /r

Wire /w


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These default machine definitions, such as MILL DEFAULT.MMD, do not represent actual machines and have nothing to do with your default settings. They are provided for you to use as a starting point for creating new machine definitions—use Save as to save it with a new name before changing any values—or for troubleshooting other machine definition problems.

Replacing the Machine DefinitionTypically, you select a machine definition before creating toolpaths. Mastercam stores a copy of the machine definition in the machine group, along with a copy of the control definition and a pointer to the post processor. Mastercam displays this information in the Files tab of the Machine Group Properties dialog box:


If you need to, you can replace the current machine definition with a different one. You might need to do this for a couple of reasons:

You originally created the toolpaths for one machine, but need to run the job on a different machine.

You want to use a different post processor, and the new post processor is attached to a different machine definition.

When you replace the machine definition, Mastercam validates the existing operations and informs you of any incompatibilities—for example, if a toolpath uses a rotary axis that is not present on the new machine. Mastercam also adjusts feeds and speeds that exceed the limits of the new machine definition and informs you of any changes.

Note: Changing the machine definition does not affect the tooling that has been selected for operations that have already been created. It is your responsibility to ensure that the selected tools and holders are available on the new machine.

Replacing the machine definition1 In the Toolpath Manager, click the Files icon in the machine group

properties.

2 In the Machine Group Properties Files tab, click the Replace button in the Machine section.

3 Select the desired machine definition.


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Mastercam validates the existing operations against the new machine definition. If there are any incompatibilities, Mastercam displays the following message:

Click the Details button to learn more. In this case, the spindle speed of an existing operation was greater than the maximum spindle speed of the new machine, so Mastercam adjusted it downward.

If there is a major incompatibility—meaning that the new machine simply cannot perform an operation—Mastercam does not replace the machine, and displays the following message:


Click the Details button to learn more. In this case, an operation used a rotary axis that was not present on the new machine.

4 Click OK to close any messages, and then click OK to close the Machine Group Properties dialog box.

Selecting a Different .CONTROL FileSelecting a different .CONTROL file is not a task that operators would routinely perform or be required to perform. Typically, this is a one-time or infrequent setup task: for example, when the control unit on a machine tool is being replaced or upgraded, and a new .CONTROL file is needed to accommodate the changes.


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Selecting a different .CONTROL file1 Start the Machine Definition Manager from the Settings menu.

If your part file already has at least one machine group in the Toolpath Manager, Mastercam will alert you that it is loading that machine definition; click OK to clear the message from the screen.

Note: Because this procedure affects the disk copy of the machine definition, you cannot perform it from the Machine Group Properties.


2 Select the new control from the Control Definition drop-down. In this example, the current Fanuc control is being replaced by a Fadal control.

3 Select the default post processor from the Post Processor drop-down.

See “Adding Posts” on page 775 to learn how to add post processors to this list.

4 Save the machine definition.

Selecting a Different Post ProcessorSelecting a post processor in Mastercam X or newer versions is similar to earlier versions of Mastercam. The major difference is that instead of selecting the .PST file


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directly, you need to select the machine definition that has been configured for the post processor. You can do this before creating your toolpaths:

or after your toolpaths have been created, through the machine group properties in the Toolpath Manager:

The following procedure describes this in greater detail.

Note: Some shops might be configured so that each machine definition has multiple posts. In this case, the procedure is slightly different. See “Selecting a different post processor—machines with multiple post processors” on page 758 to learn more.

Selecting a different post processorThis procedure applies to typical users whose machine definitions are set up to allow only a single control definition and post processor. In this case, you will select the new post processor by loading a different machine definition.



2 Click the Replace button in the Machine section.

3 Select the machine definition that contains the desired post. Mastercam displays the name of the new machine definition with the post processor.

4 Click OK to close the Machine Group Properties dialog box.

Selecting a different post processor—machines with multiple post processorsIf your shop uses machine definitions that have been configured to support multiple posts, follow these steps to use a different post processor for the current job. The new post selection will be saved as part of the machine group properties so that when you post toolpaths from this machine group in the future, the new post will be used, but it does not affect other parts or Mastercam files.



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3 Select the new post processor from the list.

The list displays all of the post processors in the .CONTROL file that have been configured for this machine type. If the post that you want to use is not listed here, it needs to be added to the list. “Adding Posts” on page 775 tells you how to do this.

4 Click Yes when Mastercam asks you if you want to replace the existing control definition.

5 Click OK to close the Machine Definition Manager. Mastercam should then display the name of the new post:


6 Click OK to close the Machine Group Properties dialog box.

Selecting a different post processor—default for machineFollow these steps to select a different post processor as the default post for a machine definition.

1 Start Machine Definition Manager from the Settings menu.

If your part file already has at least one machine group in the Toolpath Manager, Mastercam will alert you that it is loading that machine definition; click OK to clear the message from the screen.

2 If necessary, open the desired machine definition.


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3 Select the new post processor from the list.

The list displays all of the post processors in the .CONTROL file that have been configured for this machine type. If the post that you want to use is not listed here, it needs to be added to the list. “Adding Posts” on page 775 tells you how to do this.

4 Save the machine definition and click OK to close the Machine Definition Manager.

Note: If the machine definition that you edited is currently being used in a machine group, Mastercam will ask you if you want to update the machine group with the new definition.

Locking Machine and Control DefinitionsMastercam lets you secure your machine and control definition files with password protection. You can lock each file separately. When a file is password-protected, users can open the file for viewing, but cannot make any changes.

When you lock a machine definition file, only the .mmd/.lmd/.rmd/.wmd file is protected.

When you lock a control definition file, only the .CONTROL file is locked.

The Set password protection button is available on the toolbar of both the Machine Definition Manager and the Control Definition Manager. When it displays an unlocked state,

the current file is not password-protected. Click the button and enter a password to protect it.


When the button displays a locked state,

the file is protected from changes. Click the button and enter the password to unlock it for editing.

The protection applies only to the master copy of the machine definition or .CONTROL file stored on your workstation’s hard drive. The machine group copy stored in your part file can still be edited and the changes will be saved with your part file.

When you try to open a protected file, Mastercam will prompt you for the password. If you do not know the password, click OK to open the file for viewing. You can look at all of the parameter pages, but cannot edit any values.

IMPORTANT: Locking the .CONTROL file does not affect the .PST files for any post processors referenced by its control definitions. Locking or encrypting post processors is a separate process.

Locking machine and control definition files1 From the Settings menu, select either Machine Definition Manager or

Control Definition.

Click OK if you see a message about editing the current machine definition.

Note: Because this procedure affects the disk copy of the machine definition or .CONTROL file, you cannot perform it from the Machine Group Properties.

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2 Click the Set password protection button on the toolbar.

3 Enter the desired password.

4 Re-enter the password to confirm it, and click OK to close the dialog box.

5 Save the machine definition or .CONTROL file.

6 Click OK to close the Machine Definition Manager or Control Definition Manager. The password protection will apply to the next time someone tries to open the file.

Working with Control DefinitionsThis section describes some key control definition functions. For the most part, these are advanced configuration functions that are performed only when a machine is being set up or significantly updated. Most Mastercam users do not perform these tasks to create machining jobs.

“Using the Control Definition Manager” below describes how to edit control definitions in general.

“Editing Post Text” on page 768 describes how to use the Control Definition Manager to edit post text, how post text is organized, and how to import text from another post.

“Editing Miscellaneous Values” on page 775 describes how to work with miscellaneous integer and real variables.

“Adding Posts” on page 775 describes how to add additional post processors to a .CONTROL file. When that .CONTROL file is used by a machine definition, any of those posts can be used with the machine without changing the machine definition.

Using the Control Definition ManagerUse the Control Definition Manager to create, edit, and save control definitions. Control definition settings are logically grouped into a number of different properties pages which are listed in the Control topics window.


Figure 8-2: Control Definition Manager Control topics list

Pages that have not been opened in the current session have a question mark next to them:

Pages that have been already viewed in the current editing session have a green check mark next to them:

Note: Switching to a new page does NOT save any changes that were made to the page you were on. The green check mark does NOT mean that the changes on that page have been saved.

The list of pages that are available, as well as the specific options on each, varies depending on the kind of machine you are creating a control for—for example, mills, lathes, routers, or wire EDM machines. Controls for mill/turn machines let you access


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both mill and lathe options. See “Control Definition Properties” on page 783 to learn more about each page, or click the Help button on each page.

TIP: See the Mastercam X4 NCI & Parameter Reference (installed as a PDF file in your \Documentation folder) to learn more about how each control definition field corresponds to a post variable or parameter.

Most of the data that you enter with the Control Definition Manager is saved with the control definition in the .CONTROL file, but there are two major exceptions:

Settings from the Operation Defaults page are stored in the .DEFAULTS file. See “Operation Defaults” on page 803 to learn more.

Settings from the Text pages and Misc Int/Real page are stored in the .PST file. For more information, see “Editing Post Text” on page 768.

Editing the Local or Master CopyHow you choose to edit the control definition depends on whether you are making job-specific changes to the current part, or whether you are making permanent changes as part of a new installation or machine setup. To perform either task, you will need to access the Control Definition Manager differently. These are described in the following procedures.

“Making job-specific (local) changes to the control definition.”

“Changing the disk (master) copy of the control definition” on page 766.

See “Differences in Machine Group (local) and Disk (master) Copies” on page 738 if you do not understand what these terms mean.

Making job-specific (local) changes to the control definitionTo make job-specific changes to the current control definition, you need to go through the machine group properties in the Toolpath Manager. Changes that you make apply only to the active machine group and are saved in your part file.





3 Click the Edit control definition button.

Mastercam opens the Control Definition Manager.

4 Open individual pages and make changes, as necessary.

Note: When you are working from the machine group, you cannot edit post text or miscellaneous values.

5 Click the Save button to save the changes back to the machine group properties.

Changing the disk (master) copy of the control definitionTo make changes to the master copy of the control definition stored on your workstation’s hard drive, access the Control Definition Manager from the Settings menu.


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1 From the Settings menu, select Control Definition Manager.

2 If necessary, click the Open button to select a .CONTROL file to work on.

3 If necessary, select the specific control definition to work on. Remember, each .CONTROL file can contain several control definitions for different post processors. Click Existing definitions to select a specific control definition.

4 Open individual pages and make changes, as necessary.

5 Use one of the following methods to save your work:

To save the new control definition in the current .CONTROL file, click the Save button.

To create a new .CONTROL file, click the Save As button.


Editing Post TextEven though you use the Control Definition Manager to work with post text, Mastercam stores post text in the .PST file, not in the .CONTROL file with the rest of the control definition data.

To support cases where you want to use the same post with multiple control definitions, each .PST file can store several sets of post text. Mastercam creates a new set of post text entries each time you add the post processor to a .CONTROL file and create a new control definition with it.

Each set of post text is identified by a header key which consists of the machine type and name of the .CONTROL file. For example, the following header:

[CTRL_MILL|GENERIC HAAS 4X MILL]

indicates that the post text which follows it is for a Mill control that is saved in the file Generic Haas 4X Mill.CONTROL. The section identified by the header includes post text, miscellaneous values, and canned text.


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Because each .PST file maintains separate copies of post text for different control definitions, when you decide to work on the post text for a particular post processor, the first thing you need to do is identify which control definition the desired post text applies to. Then you can load that control definition in the Control Definition Manager.
Control definition #1: Fanuc.control (Mill)

Control definition #2: Haas.control (Mill)

New control definition: 4ax-Haas.control (Mill)

Post processor: MyShop.pst

Default post text

Post text for CD #1

Post text for CD #2

Post text for new CD

Figure 8-3: How post text is organized inside the .PST file

Each time you create a new control definition that uses the .PST file, Mastercam creates a new post text section in the .PST file. The initial values come from the DEFAULT section in the .PST file. You can then customize them in the Text page of the Control Definition Manager.


IMPORTANT: Because of header structure in the .PST file, when you work on post text, your changes only affect a single control definition. To make changes that apply to several control definitions, use the Import function (see page 772) to copy your changes to the post text sections in the .PST file.

Post Text FormatThere are three possible text formats:

Empty field (no text)

“” (pair of double quotes)

Any other text string

Table 3, “Post text entries,” on page 770 describes how Mastercam and the Control Definition Manager process each type of entry. Text is read from the .PST file when a control definition with that post is loaded into Mastercam. Text is written to the .PST file when you save it from the Control Definition Manager.

Use the following procedures to edit and import post text. Because these procedure affects the .PST file, you cannot perform them from the Machine Group Properties Files tab.

Table 3: Post text entries

Type of text entry Writing to the PST file Reading from the PST file

Text field is empty Empty fields are not written to the post. If all fields under a header are empty, then the category header is not written.

Mastercam uses the default system text.

“” (two double quotes) “” is written to the post. A category header is generated.

String is empty, and the corresponding edit field is disabled.

Any text The text is written to the post, and a category header is generated.

The text is read and replaces any existing text.


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To edit post text1 From the Settings menu, select Control Definition Manager.

2 If necessary, click the Open button to select the desired .CONTROL file.

3 If necessary, select the specific control definition to work on. You only need to do this if your .CONTROL file has been set up to support multiple posts. If so, click Existing definitions to select the control definition linked to the post processor you want to edit.

4 Select Text in the Control topics list. The set of post text entries is organized into different subpages that are specific to each machine type. Open individual pages and make changes as desired.

Each page is organized like a spreadsheet into rows and columns. The columns indicate different categories.


Click a cell to select it. Double-click to edit it. Right–click for more editing options and to import text from other sources.

Press [Tab] or [Shift+Tab] to move between data cells in data entry mode.

Refer to the online help for detailed information about how Mastercam interprets different types of entries and where the entries are used within Mastercam.

5 Click the Save button to save the changes to the .PST file.

Importing post textFollow these steps to copy post text entries from one post text section to another. Remember that each .PST file can contain many sections of post text, one for every control definition (see Figure 8-3 on page 769). You can import text from another .PST file, or you can import text from another post text section in the same .PST file. For example, if you wanted to use the same .PST file with two similar controls, you can create a new control definition which references the original post, and then import the post text from one section of the .PST file to the post text section for the new control definition.

TIP: You can also use this feature to copy post text values from a pre-Mastercam X .TXT file to a Mastercam X .PST file.


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1 From the Settings menu, select Control Definition Manager.

2 If necessary, click the Open button to select the desired .CONTROL file.

3 If necessary, select the specific control definition to work on. Remember, each .CONTROL file can contain several control definitions for different post processors. Click Existing definitions to select the control definition linked to the post processor you want to edit.

4 Select Text in the Control topics list.

5 Find the desired sheet or cell and decide how much text you need to import. You can import post text for:

all the sheets listed in the Text section

an entire sheet

an entire column of entries in a single sheet


a single cell

6 Right-click in a data cell. Select Import from the menu and the desired amount of text to import.

To import text from a Mastercam X post file, complete Step 7.

To import text from a pre–Mastercam X .TXT file, skip to Step 8.

7 Select From post to import from a Mastercam X post file. Select this option even if the text you are importing is in a different section in the current .PST file.

a Select the post processor. Mastercam lists all of the post text headers that are in the .PST file.

b Select the header to import, and then click OK. Continue with Step 9.


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8 Select From text to import post text from a pre-Mastercam X .TXT file. Mastercam displays the following dialog box.

a Select the type of post you are importing from.

b Select the Mastercam version number of the .TXT file.

c Click Browse and select the .TXT file.

d Click OK.

9 Click the Save button to save the imported text to the .PST file.

Editing Miscellaneous ValuesMiscellaneous values (user-defined integer and real variables) are stored in the .PST file in the post text section. Working with miscellaneous values is a two-stage process.

First, use the Text page in the Control Definition Manager to create the text labels. Follow the procedures in “Editing Post Text” on page 768.

Then use the Misc Int/Real Values page to tell Mastercam how to initialize them. You can enter default values on this page or direct Mastercam to get the values from the .DEFAULTS file. By separating the defaults from the variable labels in this way, Mastercam lets you easily create and import generic sets of variables while maintaining separate default values.

Refer to the online help on the Misc Int/Real Values page for detailed information about how the defaults work.

Adding PostsFollow these steps to make additional post processors available to a machine definition. Completing these steps will let operators select a different post processor


without changing the machine definition. This lets them select and use different post processors just like in earlier versions of Mastercam, with the added security that they will only be allowed to select posts that are appropriate for their current machine.

When you select a post processor in the Machine Definition Manager, Mastercam actually reads the list of posts from the .CONTROL file:

Therefore, you will use the Control Definition Manager to build and configure this list.


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Adding additional posts to the machine definition1 Start the Machine Definition Manager from the Settings menu.

a If your current part file has one or more machine groups in the Toolpath Manager, Mastercam will alert you that it is loading the machine definition used by the active group. Click OK to clear the message.

Note: Because this procedure affects the disk copy of the machine definition, you cannot perform it from the Machine Group Properties:


2 If necessary, open the desired machine definition.

3 Click the Edit control definition button.

4 Mastercam opens the Control Definition Manager.

5 Click the Post processors button.

6 Click Add files and select the post processors that you wish to add. (You can select more than one file at a time.)

Note: Mastercam will warn you if the selected post processors have not been updated to Mastercam X.

7 Click OK to return to the Control Definition Manager.

The new posts will be listed in the Post processors list, but with “plus sign” icons next to their names instead of green check marks.


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8 Select one of the new posts.

9 Click the Save button to save it to the .CONTROL file.

The “plus sign” icon will be replaced by a green check mark. This indicates that the new post is OK and can be selected in the machine definition.

10 Repeat steps 8 and 9 for each post that you wish to add.

What Mastercam does behind the scenesWhen you clicked Save in step 9 above, Mastercam created a new copy of the control definition settings in the .CONTROL file. A .CONTROL file configured for use with several posts actually contains many individual control definitions—each control definition corresponds to a single post processor. This lets you customize each control definition for a single post processor.

When you add a control definition for a new post processor to the .CONTROL file—like you just did in the previous procedure—Mastercam populates the control definition pages with default values. Where do these values come from? These are the


values that you see when Default setting for control type is selected in the Post processor list.

Edit the values for the new control definition by typing new data directly in the pages, or you can import settings from another control definition used by a different post. To do this, right-click in any page:

You can choose to import data for a specific page, or all the pages.

TIP: Read the topic “Organizing control definition defaults” in the online help to learn more.

Post text and miscellaneous values—Because Mastercam X lets you customize post text and miscellaneous values for each machine or control, a post that has just been added to the .CONTROL file has default values for these as well. Since these are stored directly in the .PST file, not in the .CONTROL file, if you want to use text or miscellaneous values from another post, you need to import them separately.


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Go to the Text page and choose Import from the right-click menu:

You can choose how much text to import, from a single cell to all the sheets. Choose From post to import the text from another Mastercam X post, or From text to import from a pre-Mastercam X post text file (.TXT). See “Editing Post Text” on page 768 to learn more.

Post processor status indicatorsEach post processor that appears in the Post processors list includes a status icon:

These icons indicate whether it is OK to use the post processor for posting, or if Mastercam detects a problem. For example, problems can occur if the control definition has not been properly saved, or if the .PST file is missing or has been moved. A properly configured post processor file meets the following criteria:

A control definition that associates the post processor with a specific control type has been created and saved to a .CONTROL file.

Using the information in the control, Mastercam has verified the location of the .PST file that is stored on your system and has verified that it is actually there.


A header exists in the .PST file with the control type and name of the .CONTROL file followed by the post text for the control. This header is automatically created when you create and save the control definition. The format of the header is: [Product key | Control Key]where

The following table explains each possible post status icon:

Product key = CTRL_MILL, CTRL_MT_MILL, CTRL_LATHE, CTRL_MT_LATHE, or CTRL_ROUTER

Control Key = .CONTROL filename

The .PST file exists and the post processor has been properly configured in the control definition. Status is OK for posting. This is the only status that is approved for posting!

Mastercam cannot find the .PST file and the post processor has not been configured in the Control Definition Manager properties pages.

The .PST file exists and the post processor has been added. You see this icon when you first add a post processor to the list and have not yet saved the control definition. Save the control definition to the .CONTROL file to change its status to OK.

The post processor has been configured in a control definition, but Mastercam cannot find the .PST file. This status can appear if you move the part file to another workstation that does not have the necessary .PST file loaded on it, or the file is not in the specified location.

The .PST file exists but has not been configured for use with a control definition. Select the post processor and create a control definition with it. You can use it after you save the control definition to the .CONTROL file.

Unknown; Mastercam is unable to determine the post processor status. Try saving the control definition to see if this corrects the problem and restores the status.


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IMPORTANT: The post status icons do not indicate that a post has been properly customized for a particular machine or application. Creating a control definition and configuring the post as described here is not a substitute for writing, editing, and properly testing the .PST file to make sure that its output is compatible with a particular machine. That must be done in addition to any steps described here, and is outside the scope of this documentation. For more information, contact your Mastercam Reseller or see the Mastercam X4 NCI & Parameter Reference PDF in the \Documentation folder of your Mastercam install.

Control Definition PropertiesThe Control Definition Manager provides a number of different properties pages you use to define controls. In this section, you will learn about the settings in each page, including:

Tolerances (page 784)

Communications (page 784)

Files (page 785)

NC Dialog (page 786)

NC Output (page 787)

Miscellaneous Integer/Real Values (page 789)

Work System (page 790)

Tool (page 791)

Linear (page 793)

Arc (page 794)

Rotary (page 795)

Feed (page 796)

Cutter Compensation (page 797)

Machine Cycles (page 798)

Subprograms (page 802)

Operation Defaults (page 803)

Text (page 804)

Note: For Wire-specific Control Definition information, please see the Wire Getting Started Guide in the \Documentation folder of your Mastercam install.


TolerancesThe properties you define in this page are used to set pre-defined post processing variables. You can also record the control’s minimum tolerance requirements for creating surfaces, splines, and other geometry. The minimum and maximum arc radius values may be used by the toolpath filtering functions.

Figure 8-4: Tolerances properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Note: Only Mastercam CAM functions use the tolerances you define here. To set tolerances for CAD functions, use the Settings, System Configuration function and dialog box. For more information, see “Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences” on page 836.

CommunicationsUse the Communications page to configure the serial communications settings between the control and the computer running Mastercam.


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Figure 8-5: Communications properties page (Control Definition Manager)

FilesUse this page to specify the location of the files needed by the control definition and to establish default settings for saving different types of files. You can change the default operations file (.DEFAULTS) or the operations library (.OPERATIONS) for a particular machine group, assign a default setup sheet template, and set post and C-Hook/NET-Hook program .DLLs.

Use the other option groups in this page to configure the posting process, including how to log post processing errors and messages, setting up Post Processing dialog box defaults.


Figure 8-6: Files properties page (Control Definition Manager)

The File usage and Data paths fields list the different types of items for which defaults can be set. Select an item to see the current default displayed in the field next to it. Choose the Folder or File cabinet icons to select a new value.

Other options allow you to define how Mastercam logs errors and display messages when using the control.

Notes:

• When creating a new control definition, the default names and paths of the toolpath defaults (.DEFAULTS) files are read from the Settings, Configuration, Files properties page settings. For more information, see “Files” on page 853.

• Use the Control Definition Manager, Tool properties page to edit and create new toolpath defaults (.DEFAULTS) files. For more information, see page 791.

NC DialogUse this page to enable different options in the Toolpath parameters tab. Deselect any features that are not supported by the control.


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Figure 8-7: NC Dialog properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Notes:

• The Rotary axis button is enabled through the Machine Definition Manager.

• All control types use this page, but not all options appear for each type.

NC OutputYou can set a number of options that affect how the NC code is formatted and presented, including:

Absolute/incremental, Comments in NC (page 788)

Sequence numbers (page 788)

Spaces and end-of-block characters (page 788)


Figure 8-8: NC Output properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Absolute/incremental, Comments in NC—The selections you make in these sections are defaults you can override when using the control. For example, you can modify NC comments using the Files tab in the Machine Group Properties dialog box.

Sequence numbers—All of the information in this section is written directly to the control definition. Mastercam supports both integer and real values for sequence numbers. To activate this feature, choose Use decimal sequence numbers. When decimals are enabled, you can enter real numbers in sequence numbers fields, limited by the Number of places you specify. You can override the Initial sequence number and Increment sequence number fields using the Files tab in the Machine Group Properties dialog box.

Note: This section centralizes information that was set in several locations in previous Mastercam versions.

Spaces and end-of-block characters—The values you set in this section are read directly by the post processor.


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Miscellaneous Integer/Real ValuesMiscellaneous values are custom variables that you can define in your post processor. Operators can then enter specific values for each toolpath by clicking the Miscellaneous values button in the Toolpath parameters tab when creating a toolpath.

You can create a set of integer variables and a set of real (decimal) variables.

Each set can include up to 10 different variables.

Use this page to tell Mastercam how to initialize the sets of custom variables that you can create for the control definition. Each miscellaneous variable defined in the active post will appear here as an editable field. See “Editing Post Text” on page 768 and “Editing Miscellaneous Values” on page 775 to learn more.

Figure 8-9: Miscellaneous Integer/Real Values properties page (Control Definition Manager)

For each active field, you can enter a new or different default value. When you save the current control definition, the new values will be written to the text section of the active post.

The values that you enter here will normally be the defaults for all operations created with this control definition. You can choose to override this behavior with the Initialize toolpath operation options.


To create different default values for each operation type, select From default operation. Then use the Operations Defaults page to enter the desired values for each operation type and save them to a .DEFAULTS file.

For mill/turn controls, Mastercam will let you store two sets of miscellaneous variables, one for milling and one for lathe operations. To create the second page, choose the Use separate mill and lathe text and values option. In the Control topics list, you will then see separate topics created for each set of values which you can then edit independently.

For mill/turn controls, you can define two sets of miscellaneous variables, one for milling and one for lathe operations. To enable this feature, choose the Use separate mill and lathe text and values option. Separate mill and lathe Misc. Int/Real topics display under Text in the Control topics list.

Notes:

• Use the NC Dialog page to enable or disable the Misc values button that displays in the Toolpath parameters tab. You can use post text to change the label that appears on the button.

• You can also configure Mastercam to run a C-Hook when the Misc values button is pressed. Use the Settings, System Configuration function Files tab to specify the C-Hook. You can specify a different C-Hook for each Mastercam product (Mill, Lathe, Router and Wire). For more information, see “Files” on page 853.

Work SystemThe Work system page lets you select the work coordinate system used by the control:

Note: In previous versions of Mastercam, these parameters were typically set in the Miscellaneous values dialog box (by entering 0, 1, or 2).

Setting Typical post interpretation

Home position G90/91

Local work offsets G92

Work offsets G54, E1

Other Custom


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Figure 8-10: Work System properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Use the Tplane field to assign work offsets to all Tplanes or just those which are being transformed.

ToolUse the Tool subpages to set the defaults for tool offsets, numbering, and home positions that apply to mill, lathe, router, and mill/turn control types. (Some of the field labels are slightly different for lathe.) For mill/turn machines, you can access separate subpages for mill and lathe tools.


Figure 8-11: Tool properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Tool offsets—Choose one of the following methods used to transmit tool offset information to the post processor:

Read tool offsets directly from the tool definition

Create an offset number based on the tool number plus the number you enter here

Tool numbers—Select the options that describe how the post processor handles tool numbers and head/station numbers.

Home position—The home position is where the tool goes for tool changes. You can set the home position in several different places, including:

Machine Definition

Tool Definition (Lathe)

Toolpath Parameters for an individual operation

Use this section to set the default source of the home position. You can always override the home position default on an operation-specific basis.


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LinearUse these options to define how the control interpolates 3D linear motion. (Only Lathe and Wire machines have corner rounding options.)

Note: For Mill/Turn controls, separate linear subpages for Mill and Lathe are provided so you can configure these settings separately.

Figure 8-12: Linear properties page (Control Definition Manager)

For each plane, choose one of the following options:

Do not break linear motion. Allow 3D interpolation for both rapid and feed rate moves.

Break rapid moves in two components (for example, an X-Y move component followed by a Z move component), but allow 3D interpolation for feed rate moves.

Break all moves, including both rapid and feed rate (the post is responsible for breaking the feed motion).


TIP: To link duplicate fields in each plane control section and make them easier to maintain, select the option to Automatically set duplicate dialog items the same. This allows you to change only one field and update all duplicate fields in this page.

IMPORTANT: Plane definitions apply to the tool direction, not the linear axis direction.

After setting the linear motion for each plane, use the Corner rounding/Exact stop fields to define how the control handles corner rounding. Before selecting the exact stop mode for corner rounding, verify that this mode is supported by the post processor.

ArcThis page allows you to define how the control supports arcs and helixes.

Figure 8-13: Arc properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Lathe controls share the same page with Mill/Router controls, except that for Lathe, there is only one plane available and no options for helix support. For Mill/Turn


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controls, you will see separate subpages for Mill and Lathe settings. Mastercam uses this information when filtering toolpaths.

RotaryUse the settings in this page to further customize the rotary axis parameters from the machine definition. You can choose to break rapid rotary moves when they exceed the rotary axis limits set in the machine definition. You can also allow Mastercam to calculate bi-stable solutions for rotary axis positions. This allows the post processor to attempt the second solution in order to stay within limits or reduce machine motion. Depending on conditions and the post processor, this may cause a tool retract and reposition.

Figure 8-14: Rotary properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Select the planes in which the control can create arcs. Settings in this page are disabled for unselected planes. For mills, indicate whether helixes are supported and, if so, in what planes.

For each plane in which arcs are supported, choose how the control defines the centerpoint. Select a method from the drop-down list.

Indicate whether the control allows 360-degree arcs. If it does not, define whether to break the arcs at quadrants or 180-degree increments.


Select the error check routines to process when posting.

FeedThe options in this page allow you to define how Mastercam interprets the feed rate values that are entered for each toolpath operation created using the control.

Figure 8-15: Feed properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Set feed and rotary options for each axis group that applies to the control: 3-axis, 4-axis, and 5-axis.

Define how the units for the feed rate are dimensioned. Set the dimensions separately for linear and rotary feed rates.

You can also choose to output rapid moves as linear moves at the maximum feed rate and, if necessary, adjust feed rates for arc moves.

Notes:

• Make sure that the control has the internal logic to support the options you select.

• To set maximum and minimum feed rates, use the Machine Definition Manager.


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Cutter CompensationUse this page to tell Mastercam how your control implements cutter compensation and which compensation options will be available to the user.

Figure 8-16: Cutter Compensation properties page (Control Definition Manager)

The first check box determines if the control supports cutter compensation at all. If this option is not selected, users will not be able to select Control as the compensation type, but they will be able to select Computer to have Mastercam calculate compensated toolpaths. If this option is selected, the other options are enabled.

If your control allows you to activate cutter compensation on arc moves, select that option here.


Selecting the Control supports… options enables the wear compensation features. These will appear in the list of compensation types available to your users when they are creating toolpaths:

If appropriate, select the option to tell Mastercam that this control turns cutter comp on/off above the part. This setting does not change the toolpath or NCI file, but is available to the post and needs to be implemented there. Typically, this option is used together with the options to Plunge after first move and Retract before last move options in the Lead In/Out properties page or dialog box.

Select Optimize Toolpath to enable this option as the default for new toolpaths. It causes Mastercam to eliminate arcs from the toolpath if, in the compensated toolpath, they would be smaller than the radius of the selected tool.

Machine CyclesUse the subpages of machine cycle properties to define how the control implements different machining cycles.


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Figure 8-17: Machine Cycles properties page (Control Definition Manager)

For mill/turn machines, an additional option is added to this page: Use separate mill and lathe drill cycle enable options. When selected, this option creates separate subpages for mill and lathe drill cycles, allowing you to independently set and maintain their options.

All control types use the same version of this page. In the following section, you will learn to use additional detail pages to set more specific options for drill cycles and lathe canned cycles, including:

Drill Cycles (page 799)

Lathe Canned Cycles (page 801)

Drill CyclesSelect all drill cycles that produce canned cycle output. The drill cycles that you do not select in this page can still be used in the toolpaths you create with this control. However, using them results in long-hand NC code.


Figure 8-18: Mill Drill Cycles properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Note: Custom drill cycles do not result in long-hand code.


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Figure 8-19: Lathe Drill Cycles properties page (Control Definition Manager)

For mill/turn machines, you can maintain separate versions of this page for mill and lathe drilling operations. There is a separate page for activating and configuring lathe canned cycles.

The options you set in this page affect the following lathe toolpath tabs:

Lathe drill cycle parameters tab

Mill/Router Cut parameters page or drill cycle parameters tab

Note: To edit the name/label of each cycle, and to specify parameters for each cycle, use the Control Definition Manager, Text page. For more information, see page 804.

Lathe Canned CyclesYou can also define how the control supports other canned cycles besides drilling. To enable each toolpath type supported by the control, select the corresponding check box.


Figure 8-20: Lathe Canned Cycles properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Groove and thread toolpaths also have a number of secondary options for supporting specific features. These correspond directly to options and fields that appear in the parameters tabs when using the control with the selected machine type to create toolpaths. Options that are not enabled in this properties page are disabled or hidden.

The options you set in this page affect the following lathe toolpath tabs:

Canned groove shape parameters tab

Canned groove rough parameters tab

Thread cut parameters tab

SubprogramsMastercam uses subprograms in two ways:

Transform subprograms are created by toolpath transform operations.

Non-transform subprograms are created by depth cuts and drilling operations. Non-transform subprograms are available only with Mastercam Mill and Router.


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In the Subprograms properties page, you define how the control supports both types of subprograms.

Figure 8-21: Subprograms properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Options in the Mirror/rotate routines section apply only to transform subprograms. Select the transformation types for which the control can create subprograms. When transforming toolpaths, you can still use the options you did not select in this page. However, Mastercam will create long-hand output rather than subprograms for the unselected options.

Operation DefaultsUse this page to create and edit sets of toolpath operation defaults (.DEFAULTS files). This page does the same thing as the Edit Operation Defaults dialog box, which you typically access from the Machine Group Properties. It is provided in the Control Definition Manager as a convenience, so you can access toolpath and operation defaults while working with the control settings. Separate Inch and Metric pages let you work with the default files for inch and metric operations.


Note: Use the Settings, Configuration function to define whether inch or metric mode is the preferred Mastercam default. This preference is not defined in the control definition. See “Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences” on page 836 for details.

Figure 8-22: Operation Defaults properties page (Control Definition Manager)

IMPORTANT: Settings on this page are saved to the .DEFAULTS file, not the .CONTROL file. If you change operation defaults settings, you must click the Save default settings button to save your changes to the .DEFAULTS file. Mastercam prompts you to do this when you leave this page.

TextUse the individual subpages under the Text heading in the Control topics pane to create, view, and edit post processor text entries in a number of categories.

Prior to Mastercam X, posts were divided into two files:


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A .PST file, which contained post variables, questions, and other processing logic.

A .TXT file, which contained text data used by the post processor and which was frequently used to customize the Mastercam interface with machine- or control-specific parameters.

In Mastercam X, all of the post controlled text in the .TXT file has been brought into the control definition, and its text strings are now part of the .PST file. Instead of editing the .TXT file directly, you now use the Text page in the Control Definition Manager to access the text data in the .PST file. See “Editing Post Text” on page 768 and “Editing Miscellaneous Values” on page 775 to learn more.

Mastercam’s control definition architecture means that each .PST file can have several sections of post text. Every time you configure a post processor for use with a specific control definition, Mastercam writes a new post text record and appends it to the .PST file. The records are separated by headers which contain the name of the control and type of machine. For example, the header:

[CTRL_MILL|BPT-DX32]

refers to a Mill control definition which is stored in a control file named BPT-DX32.CONTROL. This means that in a single .PST file, you can store different sets of post text with unique values for different controls.

In addition, there is a section in the .PST file that contains default post text. Use the right–click menu in any of the Text subpages to import post text sections from other control definitions in the same .PST file or from completely different .PST files, or to restore values from the defaults.


Figure 8-23: Text properties page (Control Definition Manager)

Choose a topic from the list to view its text entries in a spreadsheet-like interface. To enter or edit a value, double–click in a field and type the new value.


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Figure 8-24: Example: Text properties subpage

Note: For misc. ints/reals, the default values are embedded in the text string. For more information, see “Miscellaneous Integer/Real Values” on page 789.

Right–click Menu Options—For more editing options and to import text from other sources, use the following options that display when you right–click in the Text properties page.

IMPORTANT: The right–click menu is available only when you right–click in a row that is in use and in a column other than Description.

Import: Import to an entire sheet, a category, a single cell, or all text pages from another post processor, or import an entire sheet from a .TXT file created with a prior version of Mastercam.

Default: Choose the source of the default values for the current sheet, category, cell, or all text pages, either system-wide default values, or the post processor default. The post processor default is the generic text originally found in the post text file.

Restore: Replace the contents of a sheet, category, cell, or all text pages with the system default values.


Export: Write the current sheet to a delimited text (.TXT) file.

Save as Default: Select this option to save the post text under the Post text header in the specific control file and under the default header for post text. The default text is used as the source of the default text values, as defined above for the right–click menu Default option. It is also used as the source of default text values when you select the post processor in the Control Definition Manager.

chapter 9

Customizing and Configuring Mastercam X

This chapter covers the following topics:

Customizing Your Workspace. . . . . . . . . . . . . page 809

Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 836

Customizing Your WorkspaceUse the Settings, Customize function to set up toolbars so that the functions that are most important to you are easily available, and those that you do not work with, or use infrequently, do not display. You can also create or modify the drop-down menus that appear in toolbars, create your own toolbars, and set up a customized right-mouse button menu for quick access to the functions you use most often.

Additional customization options allow you to remap default Mastercam keyboard shortcuts to your own custom key sequences. This essential customization tool lets you get started quickly and maintain high productivity because you use the keyboard shortcuts you already know and rely on.

IMPORTANT: If you are upgrading from a prior version of Mastercam, the same keyboard shortcuts have been retained, where possible, to help you transition to Mastercam X.

TIP: Use the Settings, Macro Manager function to reduce the number of keystrokes you type and ensure consistency when performing repeated tasks. A macro is a series of Mastercam functions, commands, keystrokes, and other actions that you can record, save, and play back at any time. Macros can make detail work flow more quickly and easily.


Customizing Toolbar Settings (page 810)


Opening, Saving, and Resetting Toolbar Files (page 814)

Customizing Toolbar Functions (page 814)

Customizing Drop-down Menus (page 818)

Customizing the Right-Mouse Button Menu (page 826)

Creating and Saving Toolbar States (page 828)

Hiding/Showing Toolbars (page 829)

Mapping Customized Keyboard Shortcuts (page 833)

Customizing Toolbar SettingsCustomized toolbar settings are stored as toolbar files (.MTB) in the \CONFIG directory of the Mastercam installation location. Toolbar files are completely portable and allow you to transform any Mastercam installation in your shop into your own personal workstation.

Each Mastercam toolbar file you create contains the following information:

A list functions, including drop-down menus and submenus.

Functions in the right-mouse button menu.

All toolbar states that were created and saved to the .MTB file. A toolbar state records the show/hide display status, physical orientation, size, location, and docked/undocked state of each toolbar at a specific point in time and is used to reload this configuration.

Mastercam uses only one toolbar file at a time. However, when running Mastercam, you can change the current toolbar file as often as necessary.

This also applies to toolbar states. Although you can create and save many named toolbar states in a single toolbar file, you load and work with only one toolbar state at any given time. Creating separate toolbar states for different job phases simplifies the interface and helps you quickly locate the functions you need. For example, in your toolbar file, you could create different toolbar states to facilitate working with Design, 2D Mill, 3D Mill, Lathe, or Solids functions.

When you load a toolbar state, the workspace immediately changes to the toolbar state configuration. You can also assign a toolbar state to a machine definition in order to change the toolbar configuration each time the associated machine definition is active in the Toolpath Manager.

The following examples illustrate two toolbar states, Design and 3D Router toolpaths.

CUSTOMIZING AND CONFIGURING MASTERCAM X / Customizing Your Workspace • 811

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Figure 9-1: Example: Design Toolbar State

Figure 9-2: Example: 3D Router Toolpaths Toolbar State

Vertically docked Sketcher toolbar

CAM-related toolbars hidden

Vertically docked Toolpaths toolbars


Mastercam provides a number of standard toolbar files. They are located in the Mastercam \CONFIG directory.

TIP: To open and load a toolbar file, choose Settings, Customize, and then click Open.

Note: When you start Mastercam, it opens the default toolbar file specified in the configuration file. You set the toolbar and other startup parameters in the Settings, Configuration, Start/Exit properties page. You will learn more about configuring Mastercam defaults in “Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences” on page 836.

To access the Customize dialog box, choose Settings, Customize from the Mastercam menu. Fields and options in the Customize dialog box are organized and displayed in two tabs: Toolbars (default) and Drop-downs/Right-mouse button menu.

Figure 9-3: Toolbars tab (Customize dialog box)

In the Customize dialog box Toolbars tab, you can:

Remove or add functions in toolbars

Create new toolbars

Rename toolbars


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Delete toolbars

Note: Use the Toolbar States button to access the Toolbar States dialog box. You can also access this dialog box directly from the Mastercam Settings menu. For more information on working with toolbar states, see “Creating and Saving Toolbar States” on page 828.

To create or modify drop-down menus, including the right-mouse button menu, click the Drop-downs/Right-mouse button menu tab.

Figure 9-4: Drop-downs/Right-mouse button menu tab (Customize dialog box)

In the Drop-downs/Right-mouse button menu tab, you can:

Create new drop-down menus

Remove or add functions in drop-down menus

Rename drop-down menus

Delete drop-down menus


TIP: As you work with options in the Settings, Customize dialog box, toolbars in the Mastercam window are updated so you immediately see the results of changing the current toolbar file. All Customize dialog box options interact with the Mastercam window in this manner.

Opening, Saving, and Resetting Toolbar FilesOptions in the lower left corner of the Customize dialog box allow you to:

Open an existing Mastercam toolbar file. Use the Open file dialog box options to locate and open the .MTB file you want to load.

Use options in the Save as dialog box to save the current toolbar settings to a specified location and .MTB file name.

Reset toolbars to the standard Mastercam defaults. These settings are the “factory defaults” and are stored in proprietary Mastercam files. After loading the defaults, you can customize them and use the Save as option to save them to an external toolbar file.

Figure 9-5: Customize Toolbars: Open, Save, Reset

Customizing Toolbar FunctionsIn the Settings, Customize dialog box Toolbars tab, all functions are grouped by category. To view functions, select a category from the drop-down list:

Open Save as Reset Current Toolbar file


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Figure 9-6: Customize dialog box: Category list

IMPORTANT: Categories do not represent standard toolbars. Standard toolbars typically correspond to fixed Mastercam menus and submenus. Toolbar categories are more general groupings of related functions.

When you choose a category from the list, a group of function icons for the selected category displays in the Commands section of the tab:

Figure 9-7: Example: Edit category functions (Customize dialog box)

Selected category

Selected function


TIP: When you hover the mouse over the function icon, a brief description (tool tip) of the function displays below the function list. You can also display tool tips in the Mastercam window by moving the cursor over toolbar icons, or buttons and fields in ribbon bars or dialog boxes.

Use “drag and drop” methods to quickly add, delete, or rearrange the functions in a toolbar.

Drag and Drop Visual CuesWhen you drag a function from an existing toolbar or from the Customize dialog box, Mastercam adds a visual cue to the cursor pointer. Visual cues indicate what will happen if you drop the function in the current position. They include:

Adding Functions and ToolbarsYou can drag function icons from the Customize dialog box Toolbars tab and drop them in an existing toolbar. You can also create a new toolbar by dropping the function anywhere in the Mastercam window except on an existing toolbar.

For each new toolbar you create, Mastercam assigns a default toolbar name using a unique numeric identifier, as necessary (for example, New Toolbar, New Toolbar [1], New Toolbar [2]).

To add functions from the Toolbars tab to a new or existing toolbar:1 Choose one of the following methods to access the Customize dialog box:

Choose Settings, Customize from the Mastercam menu.

No drop zone: The dragged icon is in a location where it cannot be dropped. If you drop it there, no change occurs. The icon remains in the toolbar from which it was dragged or, if dragged from the Customize dialog box, it is not added to a new or existing toolbar.

Add function: If you drop the dragged icon to this location, the function is added either to a selected toolbar or to a new toolbar. If you do not drop the icon on an existing toolbar, Mastercam automatically creates the new toolbar.

Remove function: If you drop the dragged icon to this location, it is removed from the selected toolbar. This does not delete the function from Mastercam; it is removed only from its position in the toolbar.


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Right–click in the toolbar area or when the cursor is in a toolbar and select Customize from the Toolbar Display menu.

2 In the Customize dialog box Toolbars tab, click the Category drop-down arrow, and choose a category to display its functions.

3 Choose a function by selecting it with the left-mouse button. Then hold down the button as you drag the function from the Toolbars tab to a new location.

4 If you are adding the function to a new toolbar, skip to Step 5. Otherwise, to place the function in a toolbar, drag and drop it in a toolbar position.

TIP: If you drop a function in the wrong position, select it again, and then drag and drop it in a new position.

5 To create a new toolbar for the function, drag and drop the function anywhere in the Mastercam window that is not occupied by a toolbar. Mastercam automatically creates a toolbar named New Toolbar and adds the function to it.

6 To add additional functions to the new toolbar, repeat Step 2-Step 4, as necessary. To rename the new toolbar, continue with “Renaming and Deleting Toolbars” on page 817.

Moving Toolbar FunctionsTo rearrange toolbar functions in a toolbar, choose Settings, Customize and just drag and drop the functions in the Mastercam window from one position to another. Use the same technique to move functions between toolbars.

Deleting Toolbar FunctionsTo delete a function from an existing toolbar, choose Settings, Customize. Then drag the function from the toolbar and drop it in anywhere in the Mastercam window that is not occupied by a toolbar.

Renaming and Deleting Toolbars

To rename a toolbar:1 In the Settings, Customize dialog box Toolbars tab, from the Toolbars list,

select the toolbar to rename.


TIP: Toolbars are listed in ascending alphabetical sequence.

2 Right–click and choose Rename Toolbar from the menu.

3 In the toolbar name text field, type the new name, and then press Enter to accept it and exit the name field.

To delete a toolbar:1 In the Settings, Customize dialog box Toolbars tab, select the toolbar to

delete from the Toolbars list.

2 Press Delete or right–click and choose Delete Toolbar from the menu. The toolbar is deleted from the current toolbar file and no longer appears in the toolbar list or the Mastercam window. If you delete a standard toolbar, Mastercam displays a warning message on startup informing you that it cannot find the toolbar.

TIPS:

• To add the deleted toolbar back to the toolbar file, you must recreate it using the procedure for “Adding Functions and Toolbars” on page 816.

• To remove the toolbar from the Mastercam window without deleting it from the toolbar file, deselect the check box that appears next to the toolbar name in the Toolbars list.

Customizing Drop-down MenusIn the Settings, Customize dialog box and Drop-downs/Right-mouse button menu tab, the Menus list displays all standard and custom drop-down menus that are configured for your Mastercam installation.


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Figure 9-8: Customize dialog box: Menus list

Drop-down menus are collections of functions you add as a group to toolbars and other drop-down menus. When added, they appear in the toolbar or menu as a single function icon with an arrow indicating that it can be expanded.

Figure 9-9: Example: Expanded drop-down menus

Toolbar drop-down arrow and expanded menu

Drop-down submenu arrow and expanded submenu


TIP: You can configure Mastercam to always show the icon of the most recently used function as the drop-down menu icon in the toolbar. Or you can fix the positions of drop-down and submenu functions. For more information on setting this and other screen parameters in the Settings, Configuration function, see “Screen” on page 858.

Each function position in a Mastercam toolbar can support up to 10 levels of nested drop-down menus, with up to 50 items per drop-down menu. With this flexibility, a single toolbar could hold every available Mastercam function!

By incorporating drop-down menus into your toolbar design, you can present many functions in a very compact format. Creating your own drop-down menus lets you organize functions based on your preferences and job requirements.

After creating drop-down menus, you use “drag and drop” methods to add them to one or more toolbars in the Mastercam window or to other drop-down menus in the Menus list.

You can also build your own right-mouse button menu, a special type of drop-down menu that you access in the graphics window using the right-mouse button.

In this section, you will learn to create a drop-down menu, rename it, and add, remove, and rearrange its functions. You will also learn to add a drop-down menu to a toolbar, add a submenu to a drop-down menu, and delete drop-down menus.

For each new drop-down menu you create, Mastercam adds a sequential counter to the default name, for example, New drop-down menu, New drop-down menu(1), New drop-down menu(2) and so on. This ensures that a unique name is assigned to each new drop-down menu you create.


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TIPS: Drop-down menus that contain other drop-down menus (submenus) are indicated by a right arrow icon.

• To display a popup list of functions in the submenu, hold the cursor over the submenu title.

• When adding a function or a drop-down menu by dragging it to another menu, if the target menu is contracted, you can expand it by holding the cursor over it. This allows you to drop the new items in a selected position. If you drop a function or submenu in a contracted menu, it is added to the end of the menu.

Creating Drop-down Menus

To create a drop-down menu:1 Choose one of the following methods to access the Customize dialog box:

Choose Settings, Customize from the Mastercam menu.

Right–click in the toolbar area or when the cursor is in a toolbar and select Customize from the Toolbar Display menu.

2 In the Settings, Customize dialog box, open the Drop-downs/Right-mouse button menu tab.

3 Press the keyboard [Insert] button, or right–click in the Menus list and choose the Add drop-down menu option. Mastercam automatically assigns a unique new menu name, such as “New drop down menu”, “New drop down menu (1)” and so on. The new menu item displays at the end of the Menus list.

4 To rename the new menu, continue with “Renaming Drop-down Menus” on page 822.

5 To add functions to the new menu, continue with “Adding Drop-down Menu Functions” on page 823.


Renaming Drop-down Menus

To rename a drop-down menu:1 In the Settings, Customize dialog box Drop-downs/Right-mouse button

menu tab, from the Menus list, select the menu to rename. (With the exception of the Right-mouse button menu, you can rename any drop-down menu.)

TIP: Drop-down menus are listed in ascending alphabetical sequence. However, the right-mouse button menu displays at the top of the list.

2 Right–click and choose the Rename drop-down menu option.

3 In the menu name text field, type the new name and then press Enter to accept it and exit the name field.

Note: Renaming the drop-down menu is associative. When viewing the Menus list, all references to the renamed menu are also updated, (for example, the renamed drop-down menu is used as a submenu in other drop-down menus). However, this is not reflected in the current Mastercam session and occurs only after you exit and restart Mastercam.

Deleting Drop-down MenusYou can delete drop-down menus only if they are not currently used in toolbars or as submenus in other drop-down menus. Prior to performing this procedure, you must first remove the drop-down menu you want to delete from toolbars and other drop-down menus.

To delete a drop-down menu:1 In the Settings, Customize dialog box Drop-downs/Right-mouse button

menu tab, from the Menus list, select the menu to delete.

2 Press Delete or right–click and choose the Delete drop-down menu option. If the drop-down menu is used in a toolbar or in another drop-down menu, a message informs you and it is not deleted. Otherwise, Mastercam deletes the selected drop-down menu, removing it from the Menus list.


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Adding Drop-down Menu Functions

To add functions to a drop-down menu:1 In the Settings, Customize dialog box Drop-downs/Right-mouse button

menu tab, click the Category drop-down arrow and choose a category from the list to display its functions.

2 Choose a function by selecting it with the left-mouse button. Then hold down the button as you drag the function to a drop-down menu in the Menus list.

3 To add the function to a drop-down menu, drop it in the menu. If the drop-down menu is not expanded, the new function is added as the last function. Otherwise, it is inserted below the function on which it is dropped.

TIP: If you drop a function in the wrong position, select it again, then drag and drop it in a new position.

4 To add additional functions to the drop-down menu, repeat Step 1–Step 3, as necessary.

Notes:

• Adding or removing drop-down menu functions is associative. When you add, remove, or rearrange functions in the “parent” drop-down menu, all of its submenus immediately change.

• When you modify drop-down menus, you immediately see the results in the current Mastercam session.

Moving Menu FunctionsTo rearrange functions in a drop-down menu, expand the menu in the Menus list. Then drag and drop functions from one position to another. The function you move is inserted below the function on which it is dropped. Use the same technique to move functions between drop-down menus.

Deleting Menu FunctionsTo delete a function from an existing drop-down menu, expand the menu, select the function, then press the keyboard Delete key.


IMPORTANT: When deleting drop-down menu functions, carefully choose one of the following options:• To delete a single function from the menu, select it and press Delete. • To delete the entire menu, select it and press Delete or use the right–click

menu option Delete drop-down menu.

Adding Drop-down Menus to ToolbarsTo add drop-down menus to toolbars, or create a new toolbar, drag a drop-down menu from the Menus list and drop it in a toolbar or anywhere in the Mastercam window that is not occupied by a toolbar.

To add a drop-down menu to a toolbar:1 From the Menus list in the Customize dialog box Drop-downs/Right-mouse

button menu tab, with the left-mouse button, select the drop-down menu to add to the toolbar.

2 Hold down the mouse button and drag the drop-down menu to an existing toolbar position. Then drop the menu in the position.

TIP: To create a new toolbar for the drop-down menu, drop the menu anywhere in the Mastercam window that is not occupied by a toolbar. Mastercam automatically creates a toolbar (New Toolbar) and adds the drop-down menu to it. For more information on configuring toolbars, see “Customizing Toolbar Settings” on page 810.

Adding Submenus to Drop-down MenusMastercam supports up to 10 levels of nesting for drop-down lists and submenus. First, define all submenus as drop-down menus (see “Creating Drop-down Menus” on page 821). Then, in the Customize dialog box Menus list, select and drag a drop-down menu to a submenu position in another menu. When you drop it, Mastercam creates a submenu item in the drop-down list.


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Figure 9-10: Example: Nested drop-down menus

Figure 9-11: Example: Multi-level drop-down toolbar

Here are a few things to keep in mind when working with submenus:

Creating a submenu item does not move or otherwise change the drop-down menu on which it is based; it creates only an associative link, using the name of the submenu.

When you add, remove, or rearrange functions in the “parent” drop-down menu, all of its submenus immediately change.

To create multiple levels of submenus, begin with the last drop-down menu in the series and work your way to the highest menu level. For example, to create a three-level drop-down menu, first create all three drop-down menus. Then, drag and drop the third level menu to the second level menu. Next, drag the second level menu (which now includes a submenu link to the third level menu) to the first menu.


Customizing the Right-Mouse Button MenuMastercam includes a special type of drop-down menu that you access with the right-mouse button any time the cursor is in the graphics window. To create a convenient list of shortcuts, you can add, remove, or rearrange functions and submenus in the right-mouse button menu using the same procedures as with other drop-down menus. For an alternate method of access, you can even add the right-mouse button drop-down menu to a toolbar, or as a submenu to another drop-down menu.

Figure 9-12: Example: Right-click mouse button menu

Note: You cannot delete or rename the right-mouse button menu from Mastercam. To disable it, remove all of its functions.


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Adding Separators to Toolbars/MenusYou can add vertical and horizontal separators to toolbars and drop-down menus to create a visual break, for example, to isolate a single function, or group similar functions.

In the Customize dialog box, the Separator button displays in the upper right section of each tab.

To add vertical separators to toolbars:1 In the Settings, Customize dialog box Toolbars tab, choose

the Separator button with the left-mouse button.

2 Hold down the mouse button, and drag the separator to a toolbar position in the Mastercam window.

3 Release the mouse button to drop the vertical separator in the selected position.

To add horizontal separators to drop-down menus:1 In the Settings, Customize dialog box Drop-down/Right-mouse button

menu tab, expand the drop-down menu in the Menus list.

2 Choose the Separator button with the left-mouse button, and then drag it to a position in the expanded drop-down menu. Mastercam adds the separator below the menu function on which it is dropped, so position the separator accordingly.

Horizontal and vertical separators


3 Release the mouse button to drop a SEPARATOR label in the selected position. When viewing the drop-down menu in the Mastercam window, a horizontal separator displays in the SEPARATOR label position.

TIP: To reposition a separator, drag and drop it to a new position in the toolbar or drop-down menu.

To remove separators from toolbars:1 In the Mastercam window, select the toolbar separator to remove.

2 Drag and drop it anywhere in the Mastercam window that is not occupied by a toolbar.

To remove separators from drop-down menus:1 In the Settings, Customize dialog box Drop-down/Right-mouse button

tab, expand the drop-down menu in the Menus list.

2 Select the SEPARATOR label to remove, and press the keyboard [Delete] key.

Creating and Saving Toolbar StatesA toolbar state is a “snapshot” of the display status (show/hide), physical orientation, size, location, and the docked/undocked state of all toolbars in the Mastercam window at a specific point in time.

When you load a toolbar state, you restore a customized toolbar layout to the Mastercam window in order to work with toolbars in a certain configuration. For example, you might create and save different toolbar states for working with 2D toolpaths and 3D toolpaths, or with Lathe, Mill, Router, and Wire machine definitions.

TIP: In the Settings, Machine Definition Manager dialog box, you can assign a toolbar state to a machine definition. When you open the machine in a machine group (for example, to create toolpaths for it), the assigned toolbar state automatically loads in the Mastercam window.

Use the Settings, Toolbar States function to access the Toolbar States dialog box where you can view, create, save, load, or delete toolbar states that are stored in the current toolbar file.

Note: You can also access this dialog box by choosing Settings, Customize and clicking the Toolbar States button in the Toolbar tab.


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Figure 9-13: Toolbar States dialog box

TIP: To set a default toolbar state that loads whenever you open the toolbar file or start up Mastercam, select a toolbar state from the list. Then select the Default check box. An asterisk displays next to the toolbar state name, indicating that it is the default.

Although you use a separate function to work with them, toolbar states are stored in binary format within a section of the current toolbar file (.MTB). To open and load a toolbar file, use the Settings, Customize function, and then click the Open file button, located in the lower left corner.

Hiding/Showing ToolbarsMastercam provides standard toolbars you can modify, rename, or delete. You can also create an unlimited number of your own toolbars.

Use the Show these toolbars portion of the Toolbar States dialog box to view all standard and custom toolbars that have been configured for your Mastercam installation, and to modify display status settings. Only toolbars with a display status of “show” appear in the Mastercam interface.


Figure 9-14: Toolbar States dialog box: Show these toolbars list

When creating or modifying a toolbar state, use the following methods to set each toolbar’s display status (show/hide):

To show a toolbar in the Mastercam window, select the check box next to the toolbar name (selected toolbars are indicated with a check mark).

To hide a toolbar from display, clear the check mark next to the toolbar name by deselecting it.

As you select/deselect toolbars, they display in, or are removed from, the Mastercam window.

To create a toolbar state:1 Use one of the following methods to access the Toolbar States dialog box:

From the Mastercam menu, choose Settings, Toolbar States.

In the Settings, Customize function and dialog box, click the Toolbar States button.

2 Set the toolbar display status for all toolbars you want to hide or show in the toolbar state.

3 In the Mastercam window, drag and drop toolbars to reposition, resize, and dock or undock them.

4 To save the layout as a toolbar state, in the Toolbar States dialog box, type the name of the new toolbar state in the name field and choose Save. The new toolbar state is added to the toolbar file and displays in the Toolbar States list.

Show

Hide


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To load a toolbar state:1 To view all toolbar states in the current toolbar file, use one of the following

methods to access the Toolbar States dialog box:

From the Mastercam menu, choose Settings, Toolbar States.

In the Settings, Customize function and dialog box, click the Toolbar States button.

2 In the Toolbar States list, select the name of the toolbar state to load and click the Load button. The Mastercam window is updated with the selected toolbar state.

3 To close the dialog box, click OK.

To delete a toolbar state:1 In the Toolbar States dialog box, choose one of the following options:

To delete a single toolbar state, select the name of the toolbar state to delete and click the Delete button. The selected toolbar state is removed from the list.

To delete all toolbar states, click the Delete All button.

TIP: To restore deleted toolbar states, click Reset before exiting this dialog box.

2 To close the dialog box, click OK.


Using the Toolbar Right–Click MenuFrom any position in the Mastercam window toolbar area, or when the cursor is positioned in a toolbar, you can right–click to access the Toolbar Display menu and view a list of all toolbars and their display status.

To change the current display status of a single toolbar and close the menu, select it from the list. The selected toolbar changes to show or hide in the Mastercam window, based on its initial setting.

Use other menu options to access the Customize and Toolbar States dialog boxes or to quickly select and load a toolbar state from the current .MTB file.


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Mapping Customized Keyboard ShortcutsUse the Settings, Key mapping function and dialog box to map Mastercam commands to your own keyboard shortcuts.

Figure 9-15: Key mapping dialog box

You can map any Mastercam function to a key sequence you define. Rather than selecting a function from a menu or toolbar with the mouse, use your custom keyboard shortcut to open the function.

Key map files have a .KMP file extension and reside in the \CONFIG directory of the Mastercam installation location. You can load a new key mapping file at any time during the Mastercam session. Key mapping files are also portable. You can copy and use them on other Mastercam workstations, provided you save them in the correct directory (\CONFIG).

The combinations of key sequences you can use to create keyboard shortcuts are listed below (where Key is the alphanumeric character or keyboard function keys F1-F12, and # is an entry from the numeric keypad).

[Alt]+[Key or #] [Ctrl]+[Key or #]

[Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Key or #] [Shift]+[Alt]+[Key or #]

[Shift]+[Ctrl]+[Key or #] [Shift]+[Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Key or #]

[F1]-[F12]


Note: When mapping shortcut keys, you cannot use a single alphanumeric key or one in combination with a [Shift] key. These shortcuts are reserved and used by Mastercam for data entry shortcuts, AutoCursor power keys, and ribbon bar and dialog box options.


Opening, Saving, and Resetting Key Mapping Files (page 834)

Adding or Modifying Shortcut Assignments (page 834)

Removing Shortcut Assignments (page 835)

Opening, Saving, and Resetting Key Mapping FilesOptions in the lower left corner of the Key mapping dialog box allow you to:

Open and load an existing Mastercam key mapping file. Use the Open file dialog box options to locate and choose the .KMP file you want to load.

Use options in the Save as dialog box to save the current key map settings to a specified location and .KMP file.

Reset All key mappings to the standard Mastercam “factory defaults”. After loading the defaults, you can customize them and use the Save as option to save them to a new key mapping file.

Figure 9-16: Key mapping: Open, Save, Reset

Adding or Modifying Shortcut Assignments

To add or modify a shortcut assignment:1 Choose Settings, Key mapping from the Mastercam menu.

Open Save as

ResetCurrent Key map filename


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2 In the Key mapping dialog box, click the Category drop-down arrow, and choose a category from the list to display its functions.

3 In the Commands section, select the icon of the function to map. If a keyboard shortcut is already assigned, it displays in the Current keys text field.

4 To assign a new shortcut, position the cursor in the Press new shortcut key field and type the key sequence. If Mastercam can assign the shortcut, the entered sequence displays in the Press new shortcut key field (for example, [Alt+Shift+D]).

5 To accept the new shortcut, choose Assign.

6 If the shortcut you entered is already assigned to another function, a message displays, similar to the example below:

To reassign the key sequence to the selected function, choose Yes.

To keep its original assignment and re-enter a different key sequence for the selected command, choose No, and go back to Step 4.

Note: If a shortcut is already assigned to the function, Mastercam does not replace it. The new shortcut is added, allowing you to use multiple shortcuts to access the function. All active shortcuts display in the Current keys text field.

Removing Shortcut Assignments

To remove a shortcut assignment:1 Choose Settings, Key mapping from the Mastercam menu.

2 In the Key mapping dialog box, click the Category drop-down arrow, and choose a category from the list to display its functions.

3 Select the Command associated with the shortcut to delete.

4 In the Current keys text field, select the shortcut and click Remove. The shortcut is removed from its assignment to the selected command and can now be assigned to another command.


Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences

This section describes how to use the Configuration function in the Settings menu to configure your Mastercam defaults and preferences, and how to save this information to a specified configuration file (.CONFIG).

In this function, you configure Mastercam’s base unit of measurement (metric or inch), choose a graphics support platform such as OpenGL, set default chaining options, activate Learning Mode for additional ribbon bar support, define the number of functions you want to view in most-recently used (MRU) toolbars and lists, and much more.

This section includes information on:

Configuring Mastercam X (page 836)

Managing Configuration Files (page 837)

Merging Configuration Files (page 876)

Note: For more information on working with toolpath defaults (.DEFAULTS files), see “Editing Toolpath Defaults” on page 409.

Configuring Mastercam XMastercam default settings are stored as files with a .CONFIG extension in the Mastercam \CONFIG directory. Mastercam uses settings from the configuration file as default values when you restart or initialize operations, for example, when creating a new part, or opening and importing existing parts.

Mastercam provides standard configuration files with your initial installation, in both inch and metric units. You can customize them, create your own, and even merge configuration files. If multiple users share a single Mastercam installation, each unique user can automatically load a customized default configuration file when logging in to the workstation and running Mastercam.

Mastercam uses only one configuration file at a time. However, when running Mastercam, you can change the configuration file as often as necessary.

Use the Settings, Configuration function and System Configuration dialog box to review and set Mastercam default values, and to manage the configuration files that store these values.

CUSTOMIZING AND CONFIGURING MASTERCAM X / Setting Configuration Defaults and Preferences • 837

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Managing Configuration FilesThe changes you make to configuration settings can be temporary, affecting only the current session, or you can save them to a configuration file for reuse. In the System Configuration dialog box, you can modify and save changes to the current configuration file, create a new configuration file, or open another configuration file and merge selected settings into the current file.

Figure 9-17: System Configuration Save options

Open: Opens the Open dialog box so that you can access .CONFIG files from anywhere on your system.

Save As: Opens the Save As dialog box, which lets you save the current configuration file using the same or a different file name. You can also use the File Name drop-down list to select an existing configuration file to overwrite.

Note: CONFIG files may be stored and accessed from any directory you choose, even on a network. However, multiple Mastercam installations can share a configuration file only if the paths stored in the .CONFIG file are valid for each installation.

Merge: Opens the Configuration File Merge dialog box that lets you merge configuration files and select which defaults you want to retain in the resulting file.

Current: Displays the name of the configuration file currently in effect and to which the defaults defined on all System Configuration pages will be saved. To select a different configuration file as the current file, click the arrow and choose a file from the list.

Setting Default ValuesThe System Configuration dialog box consists of various properties pages that group related default values and settings. To access a properties page, click its name in the list of configuration topics in the left pane.

Current configuration fileSave MergeOpen


Figure 9-18: System Configuration dialog box

When you change a setting on a page, a check mark displays in front of it so that you can track where you have made changes during an editing session. To save these changes, you must save the configuration file. Otherwise, the changes are applied to the current session and persist only until you close and restart Mastercam.

In this section, you will review some of the configuration settings in the following properties pages:

Analyze (page 839) Printing (page 857)

Backplot (page 840) Screen (page 858) and Grid Settings (page 860)

CAD Settings (page 841) Shading (page 862)

Chaining (page 842) Solids (page 863)

Colors (page 843) Start/Exit (page 864)

Communications (page 844) Tolerances (page 866)

Converters (page 845) Toolpaths (page 868)

Default Machines (page 846) Toolpath Manager (page 869)


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For detailed information on specific parameters, access the online Help by clicking the Help icon on any properties page. Then click the Field Definitions tab and choose a parameter to display more information.

AnalyzeUse this page to set the default precision (the number of places after the decimal point) with which the Analyze function displays values. You can also set the default precision and measurement unit specifically for the Analyze distance dialog box. The precision setting for the Analyze distance dialog box depends on whether the selected measurement unit is decimal or fractional, as follows:

Decimal values can be displayed with 0 to 8 decimal placesfor example, 1.345.

Fractional values can be displayed with a fractional precision setting of 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, or 1/64for example, 2 3/4”. (Fractional values apply only to the Feet Inches Fractional unit of measurement.)

Dimensions and Notes (page 848)

Verify Interface (page 872)

Files (page 853) and AutoSave/Backup (page 855)

Wire Backplot (page 875)

Post Dialog Defaults (page 856)


Figure 9-19: Analyze properties page (System Configuration)

BackplotUse this property page to set parameters that affect how a tool moves and appears on the screen during a backplot operation. These parameters include:

General Settings (Tool Motion)

Step speed and increments

Screen cleanup on operation and/or tool change

Milling tool display options

Tool Appearance

Tool color and material

Holder color and material

Motion colors


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Figure 9-20: Backplot properties page (System Configuration)

The parameters you choose are for display purposes only and do not affect the part when it is machined.

Although the General Settings display parameters are available for each Mastercam toolpath type, the following options affect only the display of milling tools during backplot:

Simulate Axis Substitution

Simulate Mill Cutter Compensation

Show move to/from Mill Home Position

Simulate Rotary Axis

Similarly, the following Tool Appearance options also apply only to the display of milling tools during backplot.

Plain, Fluted, and Shaded tool options

Tool color and material

Show holder, holder color, and holder material

CAD SettingsThe CAD Settings properties page is where you set design and drafting preferences, including defaults for:


Automating and formatting arc center lines

Center line attributes (line style, line width, point style)

Spline and surface creation type

Surface drawing density and back highlighting

Whether to update Cplane and Tplane when changing Gviews

Xform preview settings

Managing duplicate entities created by Xform functions

Arc center point display

Entity Attribute Manager settings

Figure 9-21: CAD Settings properties page (System Configuration)

Note: You can override many of these defaults using Status bar options and when using functions to create, edit, and analyze geometric and drafting entities.

ChainingUse this page to define the way Mastercam chains entities, including:

Chaining mask options

Methods for sorting multiple, nested chains


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Default chaining mode and direction

The values you set in this page are used as defaults in the Chaining dialog box. This dialog box displays whenever you are required to chain geometry.

You chain entities in preparation for a function such as toolpath or surface creation by selecting them in a specific order. Chaining sequences the entities in the toolpath operation and determines the direction of tool travel during machining. When creating surfaces and solids, chained geometry makes up the surface sections or boundaries. You can use chaining as an efficient method for entity selection in Analyze and Create functions.

Figure 9-22: Chaining properties page (System Configuration)

TIP: You can override the defaults you set in the Settings, Configuration, Chaining properties page by selecting the Chaining options button in the Chaining dialog box.

ColorsYou can set default colors for many different aspects of the Mastercam interface, such as the graphics background (including gradients), geometry, construction origin, grid, groups, and various Mill, Lathe, Solids, and Surfaces components.


Figure 9-23: Colors properties page (System Configuration)

Notes:

• To preserve changes to default color settings for subsequent Mastercam sessions, you must save the configuration file.

• To temporarily change default colors for selected entities or new entities you create during the current Mastercam session, use the Color function from the Status Bar.

CommunicationsUse the fields on this page to configure the default serial communications settings between the control and the computer running Mastercam. The settings you enter here are default values that Mastercam loads when it starts. They can be changed when you post the operations from the Post processing dialog box.


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Figure 9-24: Communications properties page (System Configuration)

ConvertersWhen you open part files that are not in the current .MCX Mastercam format or when you save them to an external file format, Mastercam automatically runs a conversion program, based on the selected file type (for example, IGES, VDA, STEP, SAT, Parasolid, DWG, or DXF.)

In the Converters properties page, you set defaults for file conversions, including:

How solids are imported and exported

How STL files are exported

The level used for untrimmable surfaces

How units are converted

The method used to convert solids:

Convert the solid to a Mastercam solid (without operation history). If you do not have Mastercam Solids installed, you can still machine the imported solid. However, Mastercam Solids must be installed to modify a solid, or create additional solids.

Convert each face to a trimmed surface. With either of these options, you can elect to convert edges to curve geometry (line, arc, or spline).


With the Solids option, you can also attempt to repair broken solids during import.

Figure 9-25: Converters properties page (System Configuration)

TIP: When converting files, use the File, Open function and choose Options to override or set additional conversion parameters.

Default MachinesUse this property page to set default machine definitions for Mastercam Mill, Mastercam Lathe, Mastercam Router, and Mastercam Wire. Once you make these selections, you can create a machine group from the default machine by choosing the Default command in the Machine Type submenus.


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Figure 9-26: Default Machines properties page (System Configuration)

For example, suppose you want to make the GENERIC HAAS 4X MILL machine definition the default for the mill machine type. In the Default Machines property page, select the GENERIC HAAS 4X MILL machine definition:

Now, to setup a machine group with the default mill, choose Machine Type, Mill, Default:


In the Operations Manager, Mastercam creates a machine group using the GENERIC HAAS 4X MILL machine definition:

Notes:

• To change default settings for other types of files, use the Files property page.

• To select a machine definition for Mastercam to load at startup, use the Default machine option in the Start/Exit property page.

Dimensions and NotesUse the following properties pages to set parameters and defaults for different types of drafting dimension entities:

Dimension Attributes (page 848)

Dimension Text (page 849)

Dimension Settings (page 850)

Note Text (page 851)

Leaders/Witness (page 852)

TIPS:

• As you modify options in the drafting dimension properties pages, you immediately see their effect in the preview diagram area of each page. Use the preview to verify your selections.

• To temporarily change drafting default parameters for the current Mastercam session, choose Drafting Options from the Create, Drafting submenu.

Dimension AttributesYou define the following defaults in the Dimension Attributes properties page:

Display format and scale

Text centering


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Symbols or units used to display radius, diameter, and angular dimensions

Tolerance settings for linear and angular dimensions

Figure 9-27: Dimension Attributes properties page (System Configu-ration)

Dimension TextThe default text properties you can set for drafting dimensions in this page include:

Text height, width, and spacing

Text path or direction

Point dimension text display

Ordinate dimension: display negative sign

Line and borders

Font

Text alignment/orientation

Slant and rotation


Figure 9-28: Dimension Text properties page (System Configuration)

If you select the Factors option, dimension text height also determines tolerance text height, dimension arrowhead height and width, and witness line gap and extension, based on factors you enter in the Factors of Dimension Text Height dialog box.

If you do not select the Factors option, you can set these parameters directly on the Dimension Text properties page (tolerance text height) or the Leaders/Witness properties page (witness line and arrow head parameters).

Dimension SettingsThe Dimension Settings properties page lets you associate dimensions, labels, leaders, and witness lines with entities as the entities are created. You can set the method Mastercam uses to regenerate associated drafting entities. You can limit the views in which entities can be displayed, and define increments used for baseline dimensions.


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Figure 9-29: Dimension Settings properties page (System Configuration)

Use the Save/Get functions on this tab to save drafting parameters to a .CAD file, get drafting parameters from a selected entity, load parameters previously saved in a .CAD file, or get original, system-defined default parameters.

Note TextDrafting notes and labels are blocks of text (one or more lines) that you insert into a drawing.

Notes are standalone blocks of text, whereas labels have one or more leader lines used as pointers.

When you create note and label drafting entities, Mastercam uses the following settings in the Note Text properties page to format the text.

Text height, width, and spacing Lines and borders

Text path or direction Font

Horizontal and vertical alignment

Mirroring

Angle, slant, and rotation


Figure 9-30: Note Text properties page (System Configuration)

If you select the Factors option, note text height also determines note/label arrowhead height and width, based on factors you can enter in the Factors of Note Text Height dialog box. If you do not select the Factors option, you can set the note/label arrowhead height and width parameters directly in the Leaders/Witness properties page.

Leaders/WitnessIn Mastercam, leader lines (drafting lines with single arrowheads that function as pointers) most often point from a dimension’s text to its witness lines.

Witness lines are lines that project from a dimensioned object to indicate the extent of the leader lines.

Use this page to set the default properties for:

Leader lines: Style, visibility, and arrow direction

Witness lines: Visibility, gap, and extension

Arrows: style, Height, and width


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Figure 9-31: Leaders/Witness properties page (System Configuration)

FilesUse the Files properties page to select the files you want Mastercam to use as defaults, define the default data paths for saving different file types, configure Most Recently Used (MRU) drop-down menu settings, and define options for opening and saving files.


Figure 9-32: Files properties page (System Configuration)

The Data Paths column lists files formats you can save out from Mastercam and allows you to set a default data path for saving each type, for example, C:\Metric\MCX\.

The Files Usage column lists all the file types for which you can open a default file during Mastercam processing, for example, libraries, control and machine definitions, and post processors. Mastercam opens the default files you set in this list, when necessary.

In the Data Paths and File Usage lists, first select an item in the list. Then use the Selected item field, located below the list, to specify the default value.

In the Files Usage section, you specify a default machine definition for each Mastercam product (Mill, Lathe, Router, or Wire). When you convert a part file created prior to Mastercam X, or you choose to create a new Mastercam X file, the default machine definition for the product type is assigned. If the default machine definition is incompatible with the part, a special Mastercam read-only default machine definition is used instead.

The Apply last machine definition check box in the Files properties page allows you to change this behavior. When you select this option, Mastercam applies the most recently used machine definition in the current Mastercam session, for each product type. If one has not been used, or if it is incompatible with the part, the default machine definition you specified in the Files Usage list is used. If this default is incompatible, the read-only default machine definition is applied.


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AutoSave/BackupUse this page to activate Mastercam’s AutoSave and Incremental backup functions. AutoSave lets you save the current geometry and operations automatically at specific time intervals (for example, every 10 minutes). Use these options to define the AutoSave and backup behaviors that can reduce data loss in the event of a hardware or power failure.

Figure 9-33: AutoSave/Backup properties page (System Configuration)

Incremental BackupWhen you activate the MCX Backup Files option (located in the Files page of the Configuration dialog box), Mastercam stores not only the current version of your MCX


file, but also previous versions. You can then easily return your project to a previously saved state.

Specifically, when you save an MCX file with MCX Backup Files active, Mastercam creates a backup using the values specified in the MCX Backup Files options. For example, suppose you have a file named Test.MCX. Suppose also that you have Delimiter set to a hyphen, Start set to 100, Increment set to 1, and Max Limit set to 3. Here is what Mastercam does with your MCX saves:

The first time you save Test.MCX, Mastercam creates the backup file Test-100.MCX. You now have two copies of the file, Test.MCX and the first backup, Test-100.MCX.

The second time you save Test.MCX, Mastercam renames Test-100.MCX to Test-101.MCX and creates a new Test-100.MCX from Test.MCX. Now you have three files, which are the original and two backups.

The third time you save, Mastercam renames Test-101.MCX to Test-102.MCX, renames Test-100.MCX to Test-101.MCX, and creates a new Test-100.MCX from Test.MCX. Now you have four files: the original and three backups. Note that, in this example, three backups is the currently set Max Limit.

The fourth time you save, Mastercam deletes Test-102.MCX (because Mastercam has reached the Max Limit number of backups), renames Test-101.MCX to Test-102.MCX, Test-100.MCX to Test-101.MCX, and creates a new Test-100.MCX from Test.MCX. Now you still have four files: the original and the most current three backups.

Note that the most current backup version has the Start number. That is, the higher the version number appended to the file, the older the file.

Post Dialog DefaultsThe properties you define in this page set the default post processing parameters for new control definitions. When creating a new control definition, you can choose to keep the defaults or specify new settings in the Post processing dialog box.


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These settings include, for example, whether to save the NCI and/or NC file or to edit the existing file. For each file save, you can choose to overwrite the existing file automatically, or have Mastercam ask you whether to overwrite it. You can set up Mastercam to create an ASCII NCI file (called an Operation file), and specify the NC file extension. You can also send the NC program to the machine automatically.

Figure 9-34: Post Dialog Defaults properties page (System Configu-ration)

PrintingUse this page to set initial, default parameters for printing part drawings, including line width, color printing, header name, and date.


Figure 9-35: Printing properties page (System Configuration)

When you choose File, Print to print entities in the graphics window, you can use options in the Print dialog box to temporarily override the settings you define here.

Notes:

• When printing, use the Print dialog box to preview, modify default settings, and to set other options, such as orientation, page margins, image scaling, and line widths.

• To change printer driver properties, choose Property from the Print dialog box, and then choose Properties from the Page Setup dialog box.

ScreenUse the Screen properties page to set the graphics parameters that control how Mastercam looks and operates, and to define your personal display and selection preferences. Here, you can also specify how Mastercam handles error messages generated during toolpath operations.


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Figure 9-36: Screen properties page (System Configuration)

Screen Appearance Options

Select a graphics support platform (GDI or OpenGL) based on your installed graphics card and acceleration. You can optionally choose to disable hardware acceleration or disable the front buffer.

Enable part information display, including world coordinate axes and part scale.

Use large or small toolbar buttons.

Enable the most recently used (MRU) toolbar in the Mastercam window and define how many buttons it can display.

Enable drop-down toolbar menus to move the MRU function to the top of the list so that it displays directly in the toolbar for easy selection.

Configure Auto-highlight to select complete solids or just faces.

Display Learning Mode prompts when you move your mouse pointer over certain interface elements to display extra screen help.

Show or hide viewport and working coordinate system (WCS) axis markers.

Select unrestricted part rotation with dynamic spin.

Show tooltips when the mouse hovers over icons, fields, buttons, and other interface elements. Set the tooltip delay.


Auto-hide the Operations Manager in Backplot and Verify.

Middle Mouse Button/Wheel OptionsYou can configure the action that occurs in the Mastercam window when you hold down the middle mouse button/wheel and move the mouse:

Pan: Maintains the current Gview, but drags the entities in the graphics window in the direction of the mouse (the entities are not physically moved in space, only the display changes).

Spin: Dynamically rotates the entities in the graphics window in 3D space and changes the Gview settings.

Reverse: Reverses the zoom direction associated with the mouse wheel.

Entity Selection and Display Options

Allow pre-selection of screen entities.

Set Level Manager dialog display defaults.

Make the main level always visible.

Specify number of entities for dynamic rotation.

Error Message OptionUse the Report toolpaths error messages option to specify whether Mastercam saves toolpath error messages to a log file and displays them on the screen, or just saves errors to a log file.

Notes:

• To set default colors for Mastercam screen and entity display, use the Colors properties page.

• To turn off the ability to pre-select entities before choosing a function, deselect the Allow Pre-selection check box.

• To set default shading parameters for Mastercam geometry, use the Shading properties page.

Grid SettingsUse this page to configure the default settings for Mastercam’s grid function. By setting up a grid in the graphics window, you can force entities to “snap” to specific positions. For example, to draw entities whose locations and dimensions are always multiples of a half inch, set your grid X and Y values to 0.5.


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Figure 9-37: Grid Settings properties page (System Configuration)

Specifically, the selection grid is a matrix of reference points that the cursor snaps to when you sketch a point. Snapping to the selection grid provides a finer level of precision than sketching points freehand.

The following picture shows a set of rectangles drawn on a 1/2-inch grid. The dashed lines represent the X and Y axes. The dots mark each 1/2-inch location in the grid.


Note: To modify the grid settings for the current drawing, choose Screen, Screen Grid Settings from the Mastercam menu. The changes you make from the menu override the initial configuration parameters for the remainder of the current session.

ShadingShading values determine how surfaces and solids appear when shaded. Use this page to set default shading parameters such as color, ambient lighting, spot lighting, hidden edges, and other properties.

Figure 9-38: Shading properties page (System Configuration)

Notes:

• To temporarily override default shading parameters during the current Mastercam session, choose Shade Settings from the Screen menu or Shading toolbar. This opens the Shading Settings dialog box.

• To make permanent changes to shading parameter defaults, use the Settings, Configuration function and Shading properties page. Then save the changes to your .CONFIG file.


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SolidsOptions in this page allow you to pre-define how Mastercam creates and displays solids, including:

Where to add new solids operations in the Solids Manager: ahead of toolpath operations or in the order in which they are performed.

Enable/disable the Auto-Highlight for Solids Manager.

Specify a radial display curve angle for circular faces.

Set defaults for stitching surfaces into solids.

Figure 9-39: Solids properties page (System Configuration)


Notes:

• You can also enable or disable Auto-Highlight from the Solids Manager right-click menu.

• To change default shading parameters for solids display during the current Mastercam session, choose Shade Settings from the Screen menu or Shading toolbar to open the Shading Settings dialog box.

• To specify whether Auto-Highlight selects complete solids or just faces, use the Configuration, Screen page.

• To set default shading parameters for Mastercam geometry, including solids, use the Configuration, Shading page.

Start/ExitThis page is where you set the default values to use during Mastercam startup and to automate certain functions when you exit Mastercam. You can select the default editor that launches when you edit NC files after post processing and specify the add-on programs that run when you start or exit Mastercam.

Figure 9-40: Start/Exit properties page (System Configuration)

Start/Exit properties you can customize include:


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Startup configuration file: Select one of the startup configuration files included with Mastercam. The startup configuration file contains all the settings in effect when you start Mastercam. The file name may indicate the Mastercam product (for example, MILL) and the units (for example, Metric).

Note: Mastercam provides two default configuration files that display in the drop-list as mcamx.config <English> and mcamx.config <Metric>. The configuration files cannot be deleted.

Default toolbar and key map files: Set a default Mastercam toolbar (.MTB) file to load stored toolbar settings and a default key mapping (.KMP) file containing stored key mappings. Custom key mapping files are created using the Settings, Key mapping function. You can select any key map file that is saved to the Mastercam \CONFIG subdirectory.

Default startup product: From the drop-down list, select the product to load at startup, such as Design, Mill, Lathe, Router, or Wire.

Default construction plane (2D or 3D mode): Select the default construction plane (Cplane) where geometry is created. The list options include: Top, Front, Right, Bottom, Back, and Left. The +XZ, -XZ, +DZ and -DZ planes are used only in Mastercam Lathe. You can also select a 2D (XY) or 3D (XYZ) default Cplane.

Default file editor: Indicates the default editor that Mastercam uses when you open external application files. To change this setting, select another editor from the drop-down list. File editors included with your Mastercam installation are:

Mastercam Editor (default) - A full-featured, proprietary text editor that offers menu, toolbar, and key mapping customization tools, intelligent full-text editing—including support for specialized NC functions, flexible serial communications built on portable XML machine configuration files, and faster performance when working with large NC files.

Cimco - A special version of Cimco Edit, licensed for use with Mastercam.

PFE32 - Programmer’s File Editor (32-bit Edition).

MCEDIT - An editor that provides utilities for editing NC and NCI files along with optional transmission capabilities.

Notepad - The default editor for Mastercam’s Draft and Demo products.

To use any other editing application that may be available to you, choose Other, and use the Select an editor dialog box to navigate to and select the executable file of the editor you want to use. The selected editor is added to the Editor drop-down list and becomes your startup default editor.


Default MCX part file name: Specify a default Mastercam part filename prefix, such as MyPart. This filename appears as a default in Mastercam Save and Save as dialog boxes. The default file extension is .MCX (MyPart.MCX).

Current configuration’s units: Indicates or lets you select default configuration units, as follows:

Inch: When selected, indicates that the current configuration file units are English (inches).

Metric: When selected, indicates that the current configuration file units are metric (millimeters).

Note: These options are available only when a user-defined (not a DEFAULT) configuration file is loaded.

Startup, exit, or default add-in programs: Set up a third-party C-Hook program (.DLL) that you want Mastercam to run on startup or shutdown, and also define a default add-in program (.DLL or .VBS) to associate with the [Alt+C] keyboard shortcut.

Undo operations: To optimize your PC’s performance, we recommend that you limit the number of Undo events that Mastercam saves in RAM for your session. When checked, the Undo operations field enables fields that let you limit Undo events by number as well as by the memory required to store the states associated with these events.

TolerancesThe options you define in the Tolerances properties page control the precision with which Mastercam performs certain operations, for example, how close entities must be to be considered coincident or chained, and how smooth curves and surfaces will be. Smaller tolerances produce more precise parts, but also generally create larger files.


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Figure 9-41: Tolerances properties page (System Configuration)

Tolerance fields include:

System Tolerance: Define the maximum distance by which two positions can be separated and still be considered coincident. This value also defines the minimum line length because two endpoints that are closer than the system tolerance will be considered coincident.

TIP: To edit this field, select the check box.

Chaining Tolerance: Set the maximum distance that two endpoints can be apart and still be chained. Mastercam stops chaining and prompts for the next entity if the distance between two adjacent entities exceeds the chaining tolerance.

Planar Chaining Tolerance: Specify the maximum distance an entity can be separated from a plane and be considered to lie in that plane. Cplane chaining uses this tolerance to determine which chained entities are planar. Mastercam uses chained geometry to calculate toolpaths (contours or pockets).

Minimum arc length: Define the smallest arc Mastercam can create. An appropriate minimum arc length prevents creation of very small arcs, for example, when pocketing or creating fillets.


Curve minimum/maximum step size: Set the shortest and longest distance Mastercam can step along a curve when creating toolpaths or breaking a spline into arcs, and so on.

Curve chordal deviation: Define the maximum distance allowed between a line segment or edge and a curve. It controls how precisely curves, surfaces, and toolpaths fit underlying geometry. You can redefine this tolerance when you create flowline curves, and also net and swept surfaces.

Maximum surface deviation: Specify the maximum distance by which a surface can be separated from its generating curves.

Toolpath tolerance: Set the tolerance used to calculate toolpaths.

ToolpathsUse this page to configure how toolpaths are created, maintained, and displayed, and to define the setup sheet program to use.

Figure 9-42: Toolpaths properties page (System Configuration)

Default toolpath parameters you can set include:

Toolpath display during creation.

How drive and check surfaces and tool containment boundaries are selected (for surface toolpaths).

Criteria for keeping or deleting recut files.


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Buffering size (the approximate maximum amount of memory that Mastercam will use, on average, while making lengthy toolpath calculations).

Prompting for a CAD file during toolpath creation.

Options for associativity warnings, tools use when importing operations, display of surface/plane intersections, wirepath previews.

Activating multi-threaded toolpath processing for surface high speed toolpaths and multiaxis toolpaths (excluding advanced multiaxis). For more information, see “Multi-Threaded Toolpath Processing” on page 433.

IMPORTANT: Tool display parameters affect how Mastercam displays toolpaths as it generates them. It does not affect Backplot.

Notes:

• To change tool display parameters for a selected operation, click Parameters in the Toolpath Manager, and choose Tool Display in the Tool Parameters tab.

• Although tool display defaults are in effect when Mastercam starts, if you change them, subsequent toolpaths of the same type that you create or import (for example, contour) use the modified parameters for the duration of the Mastercam session.

Toolpath ManagerUse this page to specify names for machine groups, toolpath groups, and NC files. These names appear in the Toolpath Manager, using the options you select. For machine and toolpath groups, you can enter a user-defined name, or choose to use the MCX file name or the machine name (from the machine definition). You can name NC files after the MCX file name, the machine name, the toolpath group name, the last operation’s name, or a user-defined name. You can also have Mastercam prompt for an NC file name only for the first operation you define or for every operation you define.


Figure 9-43: Toolpath Manager properties page (System Configuration)

TIP: To avoid duplicate entries in Toolpath Manager, use the Append Values option to automatically add sequential numbers to the specified names. Mastercam increments the numbers based on the values you choose. For example, suppose you set the Machine Group Name to the user-defined value “Machine Group.” Mastercam names the first machine group you create “Machine Group-1,” the second “Machine Group-2,” and so on. (The actual numbers depend on your Append Values settings.)

Notes:

• If you choose to use the MCX file name as the basis for names in Toolpath Manager, save your MCX file before creating your machine groups, toolpaths, and NC files. Otherwise, Mastercam uses the default MCX file name from the Start/Exit page of the System Configuration dialog box.

• You cannot turn off the Append Values options for machine group or toolpath names, but you can turn it off for NC file names.

The following figure shows machine group, toolpath, and NC file names as they appear in Toolpath Manager.


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Figure 9-44: Example: Toolpath Manager

Parameters you can set for machine and toolpath groups include:

Prompt: Ask for a group name when you create a group.

MCX file name: Use your current MCX file name as the group name.

Machine name: Use the machine name as the group name.

User defined name: Enter a group name in the provided text box.

Delimiter: Specify the character that separates the appended number from the group name.

Increment start: Specify the number to append to the first group created.

Increment value: Specify the increment between appended numbers. That is, each appended number is the previous number plus the increment value.

Parameters you can set for NC files include:

Prompt: Ask for a file name when you create a toolpath operation. You can choose to be prompted for every operation or for only the first operation.

MCX file name: Use your current MCX file name as the NC file name.

Machine name: Use the machine name as the NC file name.

Toolpath group name: Use the toolpath group name as the NC file name.

Last operation’s NC file: Use the last operation's name as the NC file name.

User defined name: Enter an NC file name in the provided text box.


Append: Activate the Append Values function.

Delimiter: Specify the character that separates the appended number from the file name.

Increment start: Specify the number to append to the first file created.

Increment value: Specify the increment between appended numbers. That is, each appended number is the previous number plus the increment value.

Verify InterfaceUse this property page to customize the default settings Mastercam uses with the Verify function. Mastercam loads these settings at startup. Then, when you use the Verify function, Mastercam sets the Verify dialog box options to these defaults.

Note: Changes you make to settings in the Verify dialog box remain in effect for the remainder of the session, unless you reset the configuration options in the Verify Interface property page.

Figure 9-45: Verify Interface properties page (System Configuration)

Options you can set on this page include the following:

Turbo: Display no tool. This is generally the fastest option.


99

Simulate tool: Display a solid tool without a holder.

Simulate tool and holder: Display the tool holder and a solid tool. In Lathe, holders display only in TrueSolid mode.

Moves/step: Set the number of tool moves performed each time you choose the Step button in the Verify controls dialog box.

Moves/refresh: Set the number of tool moves performed before the screen refreshes.

Speed Quality: Set the relationship between verification speed and image quality. Faster processing may reduce image quality. Displaying a better quality image can take more processing time.

Update after each toolpath: Show the stock after each toolpath. This option is best used in Standard or TrueSolid Turbo mode.

Stop on collision: Pause the verification process when a collision occurs in the toolpath. Press the Machine, Step, or Fast forward button to continue the verification.

Stop on tool change: Pause the verification process when an actual (not a null) tool change occurs in the toolpath. When the verification pauses, the tool moves to the defined home position. If you select this option, and you do not set the home position, the system uses the default home position and may cause gouging. Press the Machine, Step, or Fast forward button to continue the verification.

Stop after each operation: Pause the verification process after completion of each toolpath operation and display the updated part. Press the Machine, Step, or Fast forward button to continue the verification.

Verbose: Open the Verify ribbon bar, which displays additional details about the current machine state as you step through each move or any time the verification pauses or stops. Information displayed varies with toolpath content and machine type.

Simulation speed: Set the speed of the simulation. Use the buttons to set the slowest or fastest speed. Use the slider to choose a speed between the slowest and fastest.

To change Verify configuration parameters during the current Mastercam session, initiate a Verify operation, and then in the Verify controls dialog box, choose the Options button to open the Verify options dialog box.


Figure 9-46: Verify Options button

Note: For more information, see “Verifying Operations” on page 453.

Verify SettingsUse this property page in the System Configuration dialog box to define initial, default configuration parameters for toolpath verification operations initiated from the Toolpath Manager.

Figure 9-47: Verify Settings properties page (System Configuration)

Parameters you can set include:

Stock settings: shape, initial size source, cylinder axis and diameter, stock file, translucent stock

Management of STL model problems

Tool profile


99

Tool and STL tolerances

Colors for stock, tool, collision, and cut stock for the first 10 tools

Miscellaneous options, including: use TrueSolid, display XYZ axes, compare to STL file, remove chips, etc.

Wire BackplotIf your Mastercam installation includes Mastercam Wire, the settings in this property page allow you to define how the wire moves and appears on the screen during a backplot operation. You can define general settings such as the step speed/increments, the screen cleanup, and the simulated wirepath display. You can also set up the motion colors and color loop options.

Figure 9-48: Wire Backplot properties page (System Configuration)


Notes:

• The parameters you choose are for display purposes only and do not affect the part when it is machined.

• Selections on this property page are established as system defaults. To change Wire backplot settings during the current Mastercam session, backplot an operation. Then, in the Backplot Options dialog box, choose the Options button to open the Backplot options dialog box where you can make the necessary changes.

Merging Configuration FilesThe Merge button in the System Configuration dialog box lets you combine system configuration settings from other files with the current configuration file.

You can merge:

An entire startup or other configuration file

Standard inch or metric defaults

Specified sections of system configuration settings

Figure 9-49: Merge files dialog box (System Configuration)


99

In this dialog box, select the configuration settings you want to merge with the current configuration file and specify which sections to merge.

TIP: To quickly select/deselect all options, select the All on/All off buttons, located in the bottom leftmost section of the dialog box.


879

Index

Numerics2D / 3D

working in ....................................... 1052D high speed toolpaths ..................... 485

area mill .......................................... 490blend mill ........................................ 490core mill .......................................... 487dynamic mill ................................... 485peel mill .......................................... 488rest mill ........................................... 491

2D profile.....................................193, 1953D Advanced Toolpath Refinement .. 534, 568, 587, 614, 615

line ar/ filtering ............................... 617smoothing ....................................... 618

4-axistoolpaths ......................................... 628

5-axisselecting geometry for toolpaths .... 629toolpaths ......................................... 628

Aabout ..................................................... 65advanced multiaxis toolpaths

axial shift ......................................... 690cut pattern ...................................... 644depth cuts ....................................... 685entry and exit macros ..................... 680feed rate optimization .................... 688feed rate optimizer ......................... 688gap handling ................................... 677gouge-check.................................... 669limits ............................................... 667linking moves.................................. 675Machine Definition tab .................. 690Misc tab........................................... 692multipasses ..................................... 684plunge roughing ............................. 684

pocketing.........................................685roughing ..........................................683stock definition ...............................683surface selection .................... 647–648tilting strategies...................... 659–664tool axis control...............................658tool contact point............................665Utility tab ........................................688

aggregate heads ...................................532analyze

defaults............................................839entities.............................................263

arc entitiescreating ...........................................177creating points in center .................171creating polar ..................................178

arcscontrol definition defaults ..............794

area clearance toolpaths .....................550Art

Art Manager ............................. 14, 423menu .......................................... 39, 50toolpaths .........................................475

associativitySolids ...............................................315toolpath .............................................36

attributesabout .................................................99assigning to transformed entities ...239changing..........................................103setting..................................... 100, 101

AutoCursorabout .................................................78Along mode .....................................168customizing.......................................82power keys.........................................85relative position ..............................167using FastPoint mode .......................81using Overrides .................................84using visual cues ...............................33

880 • MASTERCAM X4 / Reference Guide

AutoSave / Backup.............................. 855Autosync Rails..................................... 224axis combinations .......................135, 733

high speed surface toolpaths.......... 626axis substitution

high speed surface toolpaths.......... 627

Bbackplot

defaults ........................................... 840operations....................................... 449

backupconfiguring ..................................... 855

block drilling ....................................... 526breaking entities ................................. 227

CCAD

defaults ........................................... 841editing ............................................. 137in Mastercam .................................... 78

calculator .............................................. 29constants .......................................... 31math functions ................................. 32operators........................................... 31unit symbols ..................................... 30

canned cyclescontrol definition defaults.............. 801

canned text.......................................... 804C-axis

contour toolpaths (mill / turn) ....... 709drilling toolpaths (mill / turn) ........ 709

Chain Manager ................................... 395chaining

Chain Manager ............................... 395contour toolpaths ........................... 493defaults ........................................... 842direction ......................................... 393dynamic .......................................... 399open and closed.............................. 392overview............................................ 34solids .......................................386, 391synchronizing ................................. 393techniques ...................................... 386wireframe geometry ....................... 386wireframe tips................................. 390

chamferscreating ........................................... 206

Change Recognition ...........41, 68, 69, 71Check surfaces

high speed surface toolpaths .......... 548C-Hooks

running user applications................. 51Zip2Go............................................... 59

circle entitiescreating ........................................... 177creating from center point.............. 178creating from edge points............... 179

circle toolpathsMill / Router .................................... 500

colordefaults............................................ 843setting attributes ............................. 100setting, changing............................. 104

communicationconfiguration settings ..................... 844control definition defaults .............. 784

comparing files................................41, 71components

axis combinations ...................135, 733machine definitions ........... 36, 53, 135post processors ............................... 460

configurationabout ............................................... 836analyze defaults .............................. 839AutoSave / Backup defaults ............ 855backplot defaults............................. 840CAD defaults ................................... 841chaining defaults ............................ 842color defaults .................................. 843communications defaults ............... 844converter defaults ........................... 845default machines ............................ 846dimension attribute defaults .......... 848dimension settings defaults............ 850dimension text defaults .................. 849file type defaults.............................. 853grid settings defaults ....................... 860leaders / witness defaults ............... 852note text defaults ............................ 851post processing defaults ................. 856print defaults................................... 857screen defaults ................................ 858shading defaults .............................. 862Solids defaults ................................. 863

881

start and exit defaults ..................... 864tolerance defaults ........................... 866toolpath defaults............................. 868Toolpath Manager defaults ............ 869verify interface defaults .................. 872verify settings defaults .................... 874

configuration files (.CONFIG)about ............................................... 836managing ........................................ 837merging ........................................... 876

construction planesabout ............................................... 111

contour toolpathsabout ............................................... 492chaining .......................................... 493chamfer ........................................... 494creating tabs ................................... 497onion skin ....................................... 496oscillating........................................ 496ramp................................................ 494remachining.................................... 495

Control Definition Managerabout ................................................. 36arc defaults...................................... 794canned cycle defaults ..................... 801communication defaults ................ 784cutter comp defaults....................... 797drill cycle defaults ........................... 799feed defaults.................................... 796file type defaults.............................. 785helix defaults................................... 794linear motion defaults .................... 793machine cycle defaults ................... 798misc integer / reals defaults ........... 789NC dialog box defaults.................... 786NC output defaults ......................... 788operation defaults (.DEFAULTS).... 803rotary defaults................................. 795subprogram defaults ...................... 802text defaults .................................... 804tolerance defaults ........................... 784tool defaults .................................... 791using................................................ 763work system defaults ...................... 790

control definitionsabout .........................................53, 729and post processors ........................ 735choosing.......................................... 360editing ............................................. 763

local copy ............................... 738, 765locking .............................................761master copy ............................ 738, 765password protecting .......................761properties of ....................................783toolpath defaults ...................... 55, 413

control files (.CONTROL)selecting ..........................................754

convertersconverting files..................................40defaults............................................845

coordinate systemsabout (Lathe)...................................135about (Mill / Router) .......................112and machine definitions .................120views and planes .............................112

coordinatesdisplaying ............................... 121–122entering in FastPoint mode ..............81

Cplanesabout ...............................................111setting..............................................113setting in Lathe................................136

curvesgenerating on surfaces and solids...212

customizingAutoCursor ........................................82drop-down menus ..........................818Mastercam workspace ............. 53, 809right-mouse button menu ..............826shortcut keys ...................................833toolbars ...........................................814

cutter compensationcontrol definition defaults ..............797in control .........................................797

Cviewutility ...............................................713

Ddefaults

configuration settings ............ 836, 837high speed surface toolpaths . 416, 418machine group properties ....... 55, 409toolpath .................................... 55, 409

delete / undelete .................................139deleting ................................................140depth cuts

advanced multiaxis toolpaths.........685


Designabout................................................. 78editing ............................................. 137

dialog boxesworking with ..................................... 21

dimension attributesdefaults ........................................... 848

dimension textdefaults ........................................... 849

documentationpost processor reference ................ 137resources............................................. 7

doorcreating geometry........................... 202

draftingdefault properties ........................... 848dimension attribute defaults.......... 848dimension defaults ......................... 850dimension text defaults .................. 849leaders / witness defaults ............... 852note text defaults ............................ 851

drill cycleschoosing ......................................... 506control definition defaults.............. 799

drill pointsediting ............................................. 510selecting .......................................... 508sorting ............................................. 509

drill toolpathsautomatic drilling ........................... 479block drilling blind holes ................ 529creating ........................................... 505FBM Drill ........................................ 479feature-based drilling ..................... 512

drop-down menusadding functions............................. 823adding submenus ........................... 824adding to toolbars........................... 824creating ........................................... 821customizing .................................... 818deleting ........................................... 822deleting functions........................... 823moving functions............................ 823renaming ........................................ 822

dynamic chaining ............................... 399dynamic mill ....................................... 485

Eeditors

selecting a file editor ......................... 61engraving

toolpaths ......................................... 725entities ................................................. 140

“live” editing ................................... 166analyzing ......................................... 263changing attributes ......................... 103creating ........................................... 164creating views from......................... 129deleting ........................................... 139deleting duplicates.......................... 139editing ............................................. 227live, fixed, phantom ........................ 166selecting ............................................ 90setting color .................................... 104shading............................................ 862transforming (Xform)........................47undeleting ....................................... 141

entry and exit macrosadvanced multiaxis toolpaths......... 680

entry/exit movesadvanced multiaxis toolpaths......... 675

eventsundo and redo................................. 138

extending entities ................................ 227

FFastPoint mode

using.................................................. 81FBM ..................................................... 477

drilling ............................................. 479milling ............................................. 482requirements................................... 478

FBM Drillfeatures page tips ............................ 481hole mapping ..........................477, 479hole mapping tips ........................... 480hole milling ..................................... 479

FBM Millgenerated toolpath types ................ 483Slug cutting ..................................... 483

Feature Based Machining (FBM) ........ 477FBM Drill......................................... 479FBM Mill.......................................... 482requirements................................... 478

883

feed rate valuescontrol definition defaults .............. 796

feeds / speedsrecalculating ................................... 449

feeds/speedsoptimizing for advanced multiaxis toolpaths ......................................... 688

fieldsentering values.................................. 25locking and unlocking ...................... 24

File Tracking....................................41, 67files

Change Recognition ...................41, 71configuration defaults .................... 853control definition defaults .............. 785conversion defaults ........................ 845merging ............................................. 41opening and translating ................... 56opening with other applications ...... 60Project Manager................................ 61saving ................................................ 58sharing .............................................. 59tracking .......................................41, 67

filleting toolpaths ................................ 620fillets

creating ........................................... 206formula files (.FORMULA)

HST defaults.................................... 418functions

adding to toolbars........................... 816interrupting ...................................... 32

Ggap handling

advanced multiaxis toolpaths ........ 677General Selection

about ................................................. 34using the ribbon bar ......................... 88

geometrycreating ........................................... 164modifying........................................ 227

gouge-checkadvanced multiaxis toolpaths ........ 669

graphics viewabout ............................................... 111

graphics windowabout ................................................. 13changing the appearance of ........... 106

grid settings .....................................860viewsheets .......................................109

groupsactivating.........................................424creating ...........................................369machine ..........................................369managing ..........................................13

Gviewabout ...............................................111

HHASP

about ...................................................3helixes (entry)

control definition defaults ..............794Help

about ...................................................4menu .................................................52using ....................................................4

high speed loops..................................591high speed machining .........................547high speed surface toolpaths

about ...............................................547adaptive stepdown..........................577area clearance .................................550axis combinations ...........................626core roughing ..................................549creating ...........................................568cutting techniques ................ 577, 581, 583, 591, 597–601, 615defaults................................... 416, 418entry moves.....................................599filleting ............................................620fitting and trimming........................611horizontal area ................................557linking techniques..605, 606, 611, 614pencil...................................... 554, 555radial ...............................................561raster ...............................................559rest roughing ...................................552retract moves...................................606rotary motion ..................................627scallop .............................................556spiral................................................565steep/shallow areas ........................601stock to leave ...................................590tool holders .....................................574tools .................................................571


transition moves .....................597–601trochoidal loops.............................. 591waterline ......................................... 560

holders ................................................ 574hole mapping

FBM Drill ........................477, 479, 480hole milling

FBM Drill ........................................ 479home position ..................................... 613horizontal area toolpaths.................... 557horizontal machining center

tombstoning ................................... 133

Iinch units .............................................. 57insert arrow (Toolpath Manager)

using ............................................... 424interactive prompts

using ................................................. 20interrupting functions .......................... 32

Jjoining entities .................................... 227

Kkey mapping (.KMP)

about............................................... 834keyboard shortcuts .....................809, 833

Llathe

construction planes (Cplanes) ....... 136coordinate system .......................... 135tool and machine definitions ......... 135toolpath types ................................. 693

leaders / witness linesdefaults ........................................... 852

learning modeactivate / deactivate ......................... 27

Level Managersetting the main .............................. 142using the right–click menu ............. 144

levelsabout............................................... 142setting attributes............................. 100setting the main ......................105, 142

librariesmaterial ............................................. 39operations ......................................... 37tool .................................................... 37

line entitiescreating ........................................... 172creating by bisecting/midlines ....... 174creating by closest position ............ 174creating by endpoints .............172–174creating by tangency....................... 177creating parallel .............................. 176creating perpendicular ................... 175setting attributes ............................. 100

line/arc filteringtoolpath refinement........................ 617

linear motion (interpolating)control definition defaults .............. 793

linking movesadvanced multiaxis toolpaths......... 675

live entitiesabout ............................................... 166editing ............................................. 166

locking / unlocking fields......................24

Mmachine cycles

control definition defaults .............. 798machine definition

requirements................................... 744Machine Definition Manager

about ................................................. 36using................................................ 740

machine definitionsabout .........................................53, 729and coordinate systems .................. 120components ....................... 36, 53, 135default ............................................. 747editing ............................................. 739file extensions ...........................36, 729local copy ................................738, 742locking............................................. 761master copy.............................738, 742password protecting ....................... 761selecting ......................... 360, 361, 751

machine group propertiesabout ............................................... 371file options ...................................... 372stock ................................................ 380

885

tool settings..................................... 375machine groups

activating ........................................ 424creating ............................ 53, 361–369machine types................................... 47

machining (CAM)about ............................................... 357

main levelsetting .....................................105, 142

mapping keyboard shortcuts .............. 833masking

about ................................................. 92quick masks ...................................... 94

Mastercam documentation ............7, 137Mastercam Launcher .............................. 2material libraries

about ................................................. 39menus

adding functions to......................... 816merge

configuration files........................... 837pattern files ....................................... 41

metric units ........................................... 57Mill

feature based machining ................ 477specialized toolpaths ...................... 521toolpath types ................................. 475

mill / turn toolpaths............................ 709mirroring entities (Xform) .................. 237miscellaneous integer / real values .... 775

control definition defaults .............. 789editing ............................................. 804

miscellaneous shapescreating ........................................... 182

moving entities (Xform) ...................... 237MRU

choosing.......................................... 142configuring..............................836, 853

multiaxis toolpaths ............................. 628multipasses

advanced multiaxis toolpaths ........ 684multi-threaded toolpaths.................... 433

configuring..................... 434, 437, 869display options ............................... 435enabling/disabling..................434, 869thread processing options .............. 436

Multi-Threading Manager .................. 433displaying........................................ 435right-click menus............................ 436

toolpaths .........................................433working with ...................................435

NNC

changing the file name....................446creating programs from part files ...464dialog box defaults ..........................786output defaults................................788

NCI filesabout ...............................................462

nestingtips and guidelines ..........................724toolpaths .........................................722

NetHASPabout ...................................................3

node pointscreating ...........................................170

note textdefaults............................................851

Ooffsetting entities (Xform) ...................237operation defaults (.DEFAULTS)

editing ...................................... 55, 409setting............................... 55, 409, 803

operation libraries .................................37operations

adding a toolpath point ..................441deleting a toolpath section .............442editing a toolpath point ..................440editing functions .............................438folder icons......................................427libraries .............................................37moving a toolpath point .................442post processing ...............................464toolpath editing guidelines .............439using the insert arrow .....................424verifying...........................................453

Operations Manager .............................14customizing.......................................17docking/undocking...........................15hiding and displaying .......................15

originchanging..........................................117setting..................................... 111, 112


Ppassword protection

machine and control definitions.... 761pattern

files.................................................... 41PDF

Mastercam documentation................ 7viewing................................................ 8

pencil toolpaths .................................. 554machining area ............................... 555reference tool diameter .................. 555

planesStatus bar options........................... 114views and coordinate systems........ 112

planes / views / WCSsetting ............................................. 111Status bar options........................... 114

plottingabout................................................. 65

plunge roughingadvanced multiaxis toolpaths ........ 684

pockettoolpaths ......................................... 514

pocket, morphadvanced multiaxis toolpaths ........ 685

point entitiescreate by position ........................... 169create dynamically ......................... 169create in arc center ......................... 171create node points .......................... 170create point by endpoints .............. 171creating ........................................... 168creating in uniform segments ........ 170setting attributes............................. 100

point positioncreating ........................................... 169

position coordinatesentering............................................. 80entering relative................................ 86

post processingabout............................................... 460control/machine definitions ...56, 460, 735defaults ........................................... 856

post processorsabout.........................................56, 737adding to machine definition......... 775canned text ..................................... 768changing ......................................... 756

components .................................... 460documentation .......................137, 736editing text ...................................... 768miscellaneous values ...................... 768post text........................................... 768running the post ............................. 464selecting ............................................ 56status indicators.............................. 781text defaults in controls .................. 804

post textediting .....................................768, 804miscellaneous values ...................... 775

power keysAutoCursor........................................ 85

pre-selectionconfiguring...................................... 860

primitive entitiescreating surfaces and solids............ 218

printing.................................................. 65defaults............................................ 857

project folder management ..................61Project Manager ..............................59, 61

Qquick masks ........................................... 94

Rradial toolpaths ................................... 561raster toolpaths ................................... 559redo / undo....................................41, 138reference points .................................. 613reference tool diameter....................... 555relative position................................... 167rest roughing toolpaths ....................... 552

adjusting stock model..................... 578ribbon bars

docking and undocking ....................25navigating ......................................... 24working with ..................................... 23

right–click menususing.................................................. 27

right-mouse button menucustomizing .................................... 826

rotary motioncontrol definition defaults .............. 795high speed surface toolpaths .......... 627

roughing

887

advanced multiaxis toolpaths ........ 683Router

block drilling ................................... 526creating door geometry .................. 202creating stair geometry ................... 198feature based machining ................ 477specialized toolpaths ...................... 521toolpath types ................................. 722

running Mastercam ................................ 2

Ssafety zones

machine group properties .............. 384scallop toolpaths ................ 544, 556, 583screen display

changing ......................................... 110defaults ........................................... 858shading ........................................... 862

selectionexamples .....................................95–99masking methods ............................. 92settings .............................................. 92using General Selection .................... 34

separatorsadding to menus ............................. 827adding to toolbars........................... 827removing from menus .................... 828removing from toolbars.................. 828

sequence numbersdefaults ........................................... 788

shadingdefaults ........................................... 862using................................................ 280

shortcut keysabout ................................................. 29adding ............................................. 834customizing .................................... 833modifying........................................ 834removing assignments.................... 835

silhouette boundary............................ 195SIM licensing

about ................................................... 3Sketcher

about ................................................. 34smoothing ........................................... 544

toolpath refinement...............534, 568, 587, 614, 615, 618

Solidsabout .................................................45associativity.....................................315checking ..........................................346creating ...........................................314defaults............................................863displaying ........................................280editing .............................................350operations .......................................319primitives ........................................218rolling back......................................347suppressing .....................................346

Solids Managerabout ...............................................345

spiral toolpaths....................................565spline entities

creating ...........................................208creating automatically ....................210creating from blend ........................212creating from curves .......................211creating manually ...........................209end conditions ................................210

staircreating geometry ...........................198

start / exitdefaults............................................864

Status bar2D / 3D mode ..................................105about .................................................13planes / views / WCS.......................114

stock definitionadvanced multiaxis toolpaths.........683block drilling ...................................531rest roughing .......................... 552, 578

stock setupmachine group properties ..............380

subprogramscontrol definition defaults ..............802

support and services .............................10surface finish toolpaths

cutting methods ..............................583high speed ............................. 547, 554, 557, 559–561, 565high speed cutting methods ...........581horizontal area ................................557pencil...............................................554radial ...............................................561raster ...............................................559scallop ............................ 544, 556, 583


spiral ............................................... 565waterline ......................................... 560

surface rough toolpathsarea clearance................................. 550core roughing ................................. 549high speed.......................547, 549, 550rest roughing................................... 552

surfacescreating ........................................... 286displaying ....................................... 280representing.................................... 287toolpath types ................................. 533

Tterms and concepts............................... 12text (post processor)

control definition defaults.............. 804tolerances

control definition defaults.............. 784high speed surface toolpaths.......... 615setting system defaults ................... 866

tool axes (Lathe)rotating ........................................... 135

tool axis controladvanced multiaxis toolpaths ........ 658

tool burial............................................ 591tool holders ......................................... 574tool libraries .......................................... 37tool planes

about............................................... 111tool settings

machine group properties.............. 375tool tilting strategies ...................659–664tool tips

using ................................................. 27toolbar states (.MTB)

about............................................... 828creating ........................................... 830deleting ........................................... 831loading ............................................ 831

toolbarsabout................................................. 20adding ............................................. 816adding drop-down menus.............. 824adding functions............................. 816adding separators ........................... 827customizing .................................... 814customizing settings....................... 810

deleting functions ........................... 817hiding / showing ............................. 829moving functions ............................ 817opening, saving, and resetting........ 814renaming and deleting.................... 817states ............................................... 830using the right–click menu ............. 832

Toolpath Editoradding a point ................................. 441deleting a toolpath section ............. 442editing a point ................................. 440editing guidelines............................ 439moving a point ................................ 442

toolpath groupscreating ........................................... 369

Toolpath Managerbackplotting operations.................. 449defaults............................................ 869file options ...................................... 372icons ................................................ 427machine group icons ...................... 427machine group properties .............. 371safety zone options ......................... 384solid / surfaces icons....................... 428tool icons......................................... 428toolpath display .............................. 431using the insert arrow ..................... 424

toolpath operationsadding a point ................................. 441deleting a toolpath section ............. 442editing a point ................................. 440editing guidelines............................ 439guidelines ........................................ 432icons ................................................ 428managing ........................................ 422moving a point ................................ 442safety zones ..................................... 384using the insert arrow ..................... 424

toolpath processingmulti-threaded................................ 433

toolpath refinement ..534, 568, 587, 614, 615

line/arc filtering .............................. 617smoothing settings.......................... 618

toolpath types2D high speed (Mill / Router) ......... 485advanced multiaxis ......................... 639block drill ........................................ 526C-axis contour (mill / turn)............. 709

889

C-axis drill (mill / turn)................... 709chamfer contour (Mill / Router) ..... 494circle (Mill / Router) ....................... 500contour (Mill / Router) ................... 492drill .................................................. 505engraving ........................................ 725FBM (Mill / Router) ........................ 477FBM Drill......................................... 479FBM Mill ......................................... 482general turning (Lathe)................... 694Lathe ............................................... 693Mastercam X Art ............................. 475Mill .................................................. 475mill / turn........................................ 709miscellaneous operations (Lathe) .. 715multiaxis ......................................... 628nesting ............................................ 722onion skin (Router / Nesting) ......... 496oscillating contour (Mill / Router).. 496overview .......................................... 475pocket (Mill / Router) ..................... 514ramp contour (Mill / Router).......... 494remachining contour (Mill / Router) ...495Router .....................................475, 722specialized (Mill / Router) .............. 521surface............................................. 533wireframe........................................ 516

toolpathsabout ................................................. 35adding a point ................................. 441associativity ...................................... 36chaining .......................................... 386creating advanced multiaxis........... 644defaults ............55, 409, 416, 418, 868deleting a toolpath section ............. 442displaying........................................ 431editing a point................................. 440editing common parameters .......... 443editing functions............................. 438editing guidelines ........................... 439moving a point................................ 442multi-threaded processing ............. 433parameters ...................................... 407reversing ......................................... 449setting system defaults ................... 868synchronizing chains...................... 393WCS and tool planes....................... 132

tools

automatic inspection ......................573control definition defaults ..............791definitions .......................................574holders.............................................574numbering ......................................376renumbering ...................................447selecting ..........................................403

Tplanesabout ...............................................111and WCS ..........................................132

tracking files ................................... 41, 67transform

assigning entity attributes...............239using (Xform) ..................................237

translatorsconverter defaults ...........................845file types ............................................56

trim / break / extendusing ................................................227

trochoidal loops ..................................591turn profile...........................................193turning toolpaths

Lathe................................................694

Uundelete / delete .................................139undo / redo................................... 41, 138units of measure (metric / inch)

changing............................................57unzoom / zoom ...................................107user applications

running..............................................51

Vverify

defaults............................................872operations .......................................453running............................................454

vertical turret lathessetting views for ..............................137

View Manager ......................................117viewports

setting..............................................110views

changing in a viewport....................110changing origins..............................127creating by rotating .........................130


creating from entities ..................... 129creating from normals .................... 131managing ........................................ 123measuring origins ........................... 125named ............................................. 115planes and coordinate systems ...... 112setting for vertical turret lathes ...... 137standard.......................................... 112Status bar options........................... 114top................................................... 122Tplane / Cplane (example)............. 117

viewsheets ........................................... 109visual cues

dragging and dropping toolbars..... 816using AutoCursor.............................. 79

Wwaterline toolpaths ............................. 560WCS

example ..................................133, 134Status bar options........................... 114Tplanes ........................................... 132views, planes, coordinate systems . 112

wire backplot defaults......................... 875work offsets

renumbering................................... 448work system

control definition defaults.............. 790workspace orientation .......................... 11

XXform

assigning entity attributes .............. 239transforming entities ........................ 47using ............................................... 237

ZZ depth

setting ............................................. 105Zip2Go................................................... 52

sharing files....................................... 59zoom / unzoom .................................. 107

Documents

MCAMX4_RefGuide