MCA Test Preparation

Part 1

#1: (2 pts.)

Converts energy into usable forms (ATP)

Serves as a transport system

Holds genetic material

Packages and secretes materials

Acts as a selectively permeable barrier.

5/5 = +24/5 = +13/5 = +1<3 = +0

Others…Makes proteins

Ribosomes

Converts light energy into chemical energy

Chloroplast

Aides in decomposition

Lysosome

30 pts. total

Converts energy into usable forms (ATP)

Holds genetic material

Converts energy into usable forms (ATP)

Holds genetic material

#2. (1 pt.) Which statement describes the relationship between genes and chromosomes?

a) Genes and chromosomes are similar sized strands of DNA.b) Genes and chromosomes are organelles in the cell’s cytoplasm.c) Chromosomes are segments of genes and code for a specific

protein.d) Genes are segments of chromosomes and code for a specific

protein

#3: (1 pt.)

C

G

T

A

#4. (1 pt.) What carries information about an organism’s characteristics to the ribosomes?

a) Amino Acidsb) Enzymesc) Nucleic Acids (Specifically RNA)d) Proteins

#5: (1 pt.)

Where does DNA replication occur in the cell?

+

#6. (1 pt.) The following diagram represents 2 processes that occur during protein synthesis. Identify the processes by putting the correct labels from the Process List into the empty boxes.

a) Mitosisb) Meiosisc) Mutationd) Replicatione) Transcriptionf) Translation

Transcription

Translation

#7. ( 2 pts.) Protein Synthesis occurs in several steps. Put the 4 steps from the list into the correct order in the diagram.

a) Protein is completedb) DNA is transcribed to mRNAc) mRNA exits the nucleusd) Amino acids form a long chain

b) DNA is transcribed to mRNA

c) mRNA exits the nucleus

d) Amino acids form a long chain

a) Protein is completed

4/4 = +23/4 = +12/4 = +1<2 = +0

#8. (3 pts.) Many proteins produced during protein synthesis serve as enzymes in the body.

a) Identify 1 characteristic shared by all enzymes.•All proteins are made up of amino acids.•Products of protein synthesis•Assembled during translation•Unique sequence of amino acids•Instructions for assembly are coded on a gene.

b) Describe 1 enzyme and its role in the body.•Amylase – Breaks down starches in the digestive system•Catalase – Breaks down hydrogen peroxide•Lactase - Breaks down lactose•Pepsin – Breaks down food proteins in the stomach•Trypsin – Breaks down Proteins in the Digestive system•Polymerase – Aids in the production of nucleic acids•Helicase – Separates DNA for replication•Restriction Enzymes – Cut DNA

3/3: A & B

2/3: A & Partial B2/3: No A & Full B

1/3: Only A1/3: Partial B

#9. (2 pts.) Scientists understanding of DNA and related cell processes has increased dramatically in recent decades. (2 pts.)

a) Name 1 advance in scientific technology and explain how it has contributed to scientists’ understanding of DNA and related cell processes.

a) Name another advance in scientific technology and explain how it has contributed to scientists’ understanding of DNA and related cell processes.

2/2: Student correctly names two advances in scientific technology that have led to an increased understanding of DNA and related processes. Student clearly and accurately explains how both advances have contributed to this increased understanding

1/2: Student correctly names and explains one advance in scientific technology

1/2: Student correctly names two advances but does not clearly explain their contribution.

“The electron microscope because it allows scientists to be able to see and study the DNA.”

“Computers because the scientist can graph the data and make models for better understanding.” Gel Electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reactions, Micropipettes, Di-deoxy-nucleotides, Stem Cells, etc.

#10. (1 pt.) Sperm are produced during meiosis. Which statement describes the products of meiosis?

a) Two genetically identical cellsb) Two genetically unique cellsc) Four genetically identical cellsd) Four genetically unique cells.

#11. (1 pt.) Somatic cells in dogs contain 78 chromosomes. How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?

a) 23b) 39c) 46d) 78

#12. (1 pt.) Which processes are responsible for transmitting genetic information from parents to offspring in sexually reproducing organisms?

a) Mitosis & cytokinesisb) Meiosis & fertilizationc) Transcription and translationd) Cell division and embryo development

#13. (1 pt.) Which phase describes the genetic information contained in a dog’s zygote?

a) A half set of chromosomes that are genetically identical to those of its parents

b) A half set of chromosomes that are genetically different from those of its parents

c) A full set of chromosomes that are genetically identical to those of its parents

d) A full set of chromosomes that are genetically different from those of its parents

#14. (1 pt.) From the genetic information given in this egg cell diagram and the table of traits, which phenotype does the mother certainly show?

a) Long Hairb) Short Hairc) Curled taild) Straight tail

#15. (1 pt.) What is the chance that an offspring of this cross will have a straight tail?

a) 0%b) 25%c) 50%d) 100%

#16. (1 pt.) The offspring of these parents was crossed with another dog that is homozygous recessive for tail shape. Show this cross by putting the correct genotype into the 2 black spaces.

Tt tt

#17. (1 pt.) The offspring of these dogs is heterozygous for hair length and homozygous recessive for tail shape. Identify the dog’s genotype by moving 2 gene labels into the box below the dog.

Hh tt

#18. ( 2 pts.) Genetic technology is advancing very rapidly.

a) Give 1 example of a problem that may be understood better as genetic technology continues to advance.

Genetic diseases

b) Explain how this problem may be solved with advancing technology.

We can use genetic technology to identify what genes are affected in various genetic diseases and perhaps someday we will be able to fix the genes in vitro.

2/2: Student gives an example of a problem that may be understood better as genetic technology advances and student explains how this problem may be solved with advancing technology.

1/2: Student gives an example of a problem that may be understood better as genetic technology advances.

1/2: Student explains how a problem may be solved with advancing technology.

#19. (3 pts.) Gregor Mendel was the first person to scientifically study heredity. He discovered the laws of segregation and independent assortment.

a) Describe how Mendel studied heredity.

“By working with pea plants, he was able to keep accounts of traits passed down through generations and cross plants with different traits to see how it affected the offspring.”

b) Write 1 question about inheritance that was answered by Mendel’s work.

“Why do some traits skip generations?”

c) Write 1 more question about inheritance that was answered by Mendel’s work.

“Why do offspring have only certain traits from one parent and other traits from another parent?”

3/3: Student clearly describes how Mendel studied inheritance and gives two questions about inheritance that were answered by Mendel’s work.

2/3: Student clearly describes how Mendel studied inheritance and gives one question about the inheritance that was answered by Mendel’s work.

2/3: Student gives two questions about inheritance that was answered by Mendel’s work but does not clearly describe how Mendel studied inheritance.

1/3:Student gives one question about inheritance that was answered by Mendel’s work but fails to clearly describe how Mendel studied inheritance.

1/3: Student clearly describes how Mendel studied inheritance, but does not give a question about inheritance that was answered by Mendel’s work.

#20. (3 pts.) Gregor Mendel was the first person to scientifically study inheritance. His hypotheses about segregation and independent assortment are now considered to be laws of genetics.

a) Define the terms law and hypothesis.•“A law is a general description of how something happens.”

•“A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested.”

b) Explain how a scientific law differs from a hypothesis.•“Many scientists have tested a law, while a hypothesis may just be one individual’s idea.”

3/3: Student correctly defines scientific law and hypothesis and correctly explains how a law differs from a hypothesis.

2/3: Student correctly completes two of the three assigned tasks.

1/3: Student completes one of the three assigned tasks.

30 Points Total