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Java Expert System Shell

Matthieu Moisse

AAU

5 November 2009

Matthieu Moisse (AAU) Jess 5 November 2009 1 / 29



1 History

2 IntroductionExpert System

Rule-Based System

3 SyntaxFunctionsTemplates

FactsRules

4 Example

5 Use

6 My Opinion

7 Questions

8 References




History

Dr. Ernest J. Friedman-Hill

Sandia National Laboratories (late 1995)

inspired by CLIPSC Language Integrated Production System1985 at NASA-Johnson Space Center

Syntax of LISP




Expert System

Domain in AI

Simulates human brain

Expert Systems

Neural NetworksBlackboard SystemsBelief NetworksCase-Based ReasoningRule-Based Systems




Why would we use it?

Procedural Programming

functions

logic control

sequentialdeterministic

Declarative Programming

rules & facts

no logic control




Rule-Based System

Working Memory (Facts)

Rule Base (If Then Else)Inference Engine (Reasoning)




Inference Engine

Pattern Matching (Rete)Activate RuleConflict ResolutionFire Rule




Basics

Commands

(reset)(run)




Basics

Symbols

letters

digits

$∗ = +/ <> ?#

Symbols

foofirst-value

contestant#1abc




Basics

Numbersint

long

double

Numbers

34.5.643

5654L6.0E41D




Basics

Strings

“ ”

no escape sequences

Strings

“foo”“Hello, World”“\“Nonsense,\” he said firmly.”

“Hello,There”




Basics

Lists

everything is a list

Lists(+ 3 2)(a b c)(“Hello, World”)()

(deftemplate foo (slot bar))




Function

Functions

(deffunction <function-name> [<doc-comment>] (<parameter>*)<exp>* [<return-specifier>])

Function(deffunction max “Calculates the max of 2 variables” (?a ?b)(if (> ?a ?b) then

(return ?a)else

(return ?b)))




Facts

Facts

Templates

Unordered Facts

Ordered Facts

Shadow Facts




Templates

Templates(deftemplate <template-name> [extends <extended-template-name>][<doc-comment>] (slot — multislot <slot-name> [some options])*)

Template

(deftemplate automobile“A specific car.”)(slot make)(slot model)

(slot year (type INTEGER))(slot color (default white))

)




Unordered Facts

Template

(deftemplate automobile“A specific car.”)(slot make)(slot model)(slot year (type INTEGER))(slot color (default white))

)

Unordered facts

(<template-name> (<slot-name> <value>)*)

Unordered fact

(automobile (make ford) (year 1999) (model Explorere))


O d d F



Ordered Facts

Ordered facts(<template-name> <value>*)

Ordered fact

Domain in AI Simulates human brain(shopping-list eggs milk bread)

Template

(deftemplate shopping-list

“A list of stuff we need to buy”(declare (ordered TRUE))

)


Sh d F



Shadow Fact

Link to Java-Objects

Shadow Fact

(bind ?a (new Account))(add ?a)(printout t (?a getBalance) crlf)(modify 0 (balance 1))


R l



Rules

Rules

(defrule <rule-name> [<doc-comment>] <LHS> => <RHS> )

LHSIFPattern Matching

RHS

THEN

. . .


R l



Rules

Rule

(defrule all-fords“find all ford models”?car < − (automobile {make == ford})=>(printout t “A ” ?car.model “ is a model of ford!” crlf)

)

Rule

(defrule match-list-with-bacon

“Find grocery-lists that contains bacon”(grocery-list $? bacon $?)=>(printout t “Yes, bacon is on the list” crlf)

)


E l



Example

Example

(deftemplate pants-color (slot of) (slot is))(deftemplate position (slot of) (slot is))


Example



Example

Example

(defrule generate-possibilities=>

(foreach ?name (create$ Fred Joe Bob Tom)(foreach ?color (create$ red blue plaid orange)

(assert (pants-color (of ?name) (is ?color))))(foreach ?position (create$ 1 2 3 4)

(assert (position (of ?name) (is ?position))))))


Example



Example

Example

(defrule find-solution;; There is a golfer named Fred, whose position is ?p1;; and pants color is ?c1

(position (of Fred) (is ?p1))

(pants-color (of Fred) (is ?c1));; The golfer to Fred’s immediate right;; is wearing blue pants.

(position (of ?n& Fred) (is ?p&:(eq ?p (+ ?p1 1))))(pants-color (of ?n& Fred) (is blue& ?c1))

;; Joe is in position #2(position (of Joe) (is ?p2&2& ?p1))(pants-color (of Joe) (is ?c2& ?c1))


Example



...Example...

...Example...;; Bob is wearing the plaid pants

(position (of Bob)(is ?p3& ?p1& ?p& ?p2))

(pants-color (of Bob& ?n)(is plaid&?c3& ?c1& ?c2))

;; Tom isn’t in position 1 or 4;; and isn’t wearing orange

(position (of Tom& ?n)

(is ?p4& 1& 4& ?p1& ?p2& ?p3))(pants-color (of Tom)(is ?c4& orange& blue& ?c1& ?c2& ?c3))


Example



...Example

...Example

=>

(printout t Fred ” ” ?p1 ” ” ?c1 crlf)(printout t Joe ” ” ?p2 ” ” ?c2 crlf)(printout t Bob ” ” ?p3 ” ” ?c3 crlf)(printout t Tom ” ” ?p4 ” ” ?c4 crlf crlf))


Use



Use

puzzles

business environments

J2EE enterprise applications

Windows CE handhelds

DDG 1000 destroyer ship


My Opinion



My Opinion

. . .


Questions



Questions

?


Use



Use

http://www.jessrules.com/

http://www.developer.com/java/other/article.php/3089641

http:

//www.sandia.gov/news/resources/releases/2008/jessengine.html

http://www.pjug.org/introtojess.ppt




http://www.sandia.gov/news/resources/releases/2008/jessengine.html








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