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What is Matter?
Properties of Matter
Matter is…
everything that has mass and volume made up of atoms (tiny particles)
Mass and Volume
Mass and Volume
Mass is the amount of matter (or material) something contains.
Mass can be measured using a balance scale. The unit for mass is the gram (g). Try a short investigation with mass.
Mass and Volume cont’d
Volume is (1) the amount of space matter takes up and (2) the amount of matter something can contain.
Volume can be measured (1) using a graduated cylinder or (2) by calculating the length x width x height.
The unit for volume is the liter (L), milliliter (mL), or the cubic centimeter (cm3).
Try a short investigation with volume.
Particles
Particles – The 1st Theory
Atomic Theory of Matter (John Dalton)1. elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms2. atoms of the same element are identical; atoms of
different elements are different3. atoms are not created or destroyed4. atoms can combine to form compounds
Particles – cont’d
atoms made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons
protons and neutrons make up the nucleus
the number of protons determines the element
electrons orbit the nucleus
Particles – cont’d
Physical Properties
Physical Propertiescharacteristics that are observed with the senses:
physical state (solid, liquid or gas) color odor density melting point boiling point freezing point hardness
Physical Changeschanges in physical properties like…
cutting a piece of paper ice melting boiling water coloring a piece of paper placing food coloring in water
Physical Changes
Changes in State
Kinetic Particle Theory of Matter
matter made up of particles particles are in motion there is space between the particles changes in heat result in changes in particle
motion changes in heat result in changes in space
between particles
3 Common States of Matter
also 3 common states of water solid, liquid, & gas also BE-condensate & plasma
Solid
packed together but vibrate
definite shape definite volume usually dense
Liquid
fairly close together able to move in all
directions no definite shape fill the bottom of a
container definite volume
Gas
fairly close together able to move in all
directions and collide no definite shape expand to fill any
container no definite volume usually low density
How does energy affect changes in state?
HEAT IS ENERGY!
Kinetic Particle Lab
To observe the affects of heat on the particles of matter.
Materials: 3 containers water (cold, room temperature, & hot) food coloring timer
Lab Questions
When you placed dye into the container filled with _?_ water, what did you observe?
How long did it take for the dye to completely mix into the _?_ water?
In which container did the water mix the fastest?
Using the kinetic particle theory, explain what you observed.
Chemical Properties
Chemical Propertiescharacteristics that describe how matter changes or interacts with other kinds of matter:
paper burns iron rusts gold does not rust wood rots sodium reacts with water
Chemical Changeschanges in chemical properties like…
always changes in the form of matter matter is transformed completely into different
materials
Chemical Changes cont’d
iron turning into rust in moist air digesting food burning metals in fireworks