Matter Notes Continued

Chemistry

• The study of ________________________.

Elements

A substance that _________________ into any other substance by chemical or physical means.

Building blocks of matter because all matter is composed of _____________.

Compounds and mixtures

• Compound – a substance made up of two or more elements combined in a ________________.– Example: _______________

– ____________ – combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound

• Mixture – consists of two or more substances that are in the same place together but are _________

_______________________________________.– Example: ____________________________________

Physical vs. Chemical changes

• Physical change – alters the form of a substance but _________ make the material into another substance.– Example: _________________________

•Chemical change – a change in matter that ______________________________.

–Example: _______________________

John Dalton

• Greek philosopher and school teacher around 440 BC

• Proposed the ________________ which states:– Atoms cannot be broken into __________________– In any element, all the atoms are _________________– Atoms of different elements are _____________– Atoms of two or more elements can combine to form

_____________– Atoms of each element have a ________________– The masses of the elements in an compound are always in

a ____________________

Chemical bonds and molecules

• Chemical bond – the force that holds _________________________________

• Molecule – A combination of ________

____________ that are bonded together.

Amorphous vs. Crystalline Solids

• Amorphous solid – do not have a distinct _______________ and are ____ arranged in a _________________________– Examples: ___________________

• Crystalline solid – form a regular _______________ and have a distinct ____________________

– Examples: ______________________

Pressure

• _____________________________

• Pressure is measured in __________ (kPa).

Boyle’s Law

• The relationship between the ________ and __________ of a gas at constant ________; when volume increases, pressure decreases.

Temperature Volume Pressure

Charles’s Law

• The relationship between the _________ and __________ of a gas at constant ___________; when temperature increases, volume increases.

Pressure Temperature Volume

Archimedes’ Principle

• The rule that the ___________ on an object is _______ to the ___________ of the fluid _____________ by the object.– Example: a boat pushes down with the same

force that that water pushes up.

Pascal’s Principle

• The rule that when _______ is applied to a ______________, the ______ in pressure is transmitted _______ to all parts in the fluid.– Example: squeezing a water bottle increases the

pressure of the entire bottle no matter where you squeeze it.

Graphing Gas Behavior

• ____________________ – when a graph is a straight line passing through the (0, 0) point. Example: Charles’s Law

• ___________________ – when a graph forms a curve.– Example: Boyle’s Law