MatterMatter-takes up space & massChemistry-study of matter: structure chemical properties Matter

physical propertiesStates of Matter-s, l, g, p (See Chart Slide #2)-physical property related to physical state of substance-changes in state-physical change-sl 0C melting/freezing pt H2O unique for all substances

lg 100°C boiling/condensing-volatile-vaporize easily at room temp. .:usually odor ex/napthalene

-s,l,g triangle: (Slide #3) sublimates?

States of MatterStates of Matter Solid Liquid Gas

Molecule Arrangement

Molecular Structure

Tightly packed Less tightly Loose

Volume Definite Definite Not definite

Shape Definite Not Definite Not definite

Kinetic Energy Low Higher than solid highest

Change of States(a physical change)

Matter

Impure Pure

HomogeneousMixture

(Solution)

HeterogeneousMixture

CompoundElement

Suspension Colloid

-evenly mixed-not scatter light(clear)-alloys: -Brass Cu+Zn -Steel Fe+C

-settles out gravity -particles so small never or extremely long time before settles

-periodic table-Al, Cu, Au

-2 or more elements in a set ratio: -NaCl -H2O -H2SO4

-not evenly mixed-scatters light(cloudy)

Compound-2 or more elements chemically combined in set ratio/not a mixture-written as a formula-shorthand notation for a compound

ex/NaCl MgCl2 MgSO4 C12H22O11

sodium chloride 1 sodium 1 chlorine

Pure vs. Impure-pure-made up of only one kind of matter-impure-made up of more than one kind of matter-mixture

ex/sugar, not sugar water citric acid, not orange juice

Solution-homogenous-2 parts: solute-substance being dissolved solvent-substance doing the dissolving-solutions with water as the solvent-aqueous

Separation Techniques Matter

-Techniques that separate mixtures by physical properties only-mpt, bpt, magnetism, size, charge, density, etc.

Phase Change-purifies solvent, leaving solute behind

-Evaporation- the process in which a liquid is converted to the gaseous state

-Decanting-allowing a mixture of solid and liquid or two immiscible liquids to settle and separate by gravity

-Distillation-separation of two or more liquids having different boiling points, as in the separation of gasoline, kerosene, and lubricating oil from crude oil

Separation Techniques Matter

Chromatography-separate substances by size

-Paper Chromatography-technique for separating dissolved chemical substances by taking advantage of their different rates of migration across sheets of paper

-Gas Chromatography-used to separate volatile components of a mixture

-Gel Electrophoresis-laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size

physical change-descriptions of matter as it changes in appearance, not changing into a new substance

-look for: change of state

ex/boils, melts, breaks, mixes with water

chemical change-descriptions of matter as it changes into a new substance, typically irreversible

-look for: bubbles, heat change, color, precipitate

ex/rusting, corroding, deteriorating, burning, combusting

-chemical change=chemical rx’n-in a chemical change all matter conserved-conservation of mass-balance chemical reaction

ex/ H2O H2 + O2 Energy is neither created nor destroyed,

it merely changes form.

Physical vs. Chemical

Chemical Reactions & Energy-all chemical reactions involve energy changes KJ-energy absorbed or released as chemical bonds break and form-chemical reaction absorbs heat-endothermic-chemical reaction releases heat-exothermic

-Shows Conservation of Mass

Steps:1)Make sure the same types of elements appear on both sides of the equation.2)Check for the same # of atoms for each element that appears on both sides of the equation. (Conservation of Matter!!)3)Use coefficients in front of each substance to balance the equation. Each side should contain the same # of each type of element!!4)If O is in two products or 2 reactants, balance them last.

ex/ Na + MgCl2 NaCl + Mg

ex/ NH4OH + HCl NH4Cl + H2O

Balancing

ex/ Na2O2 Na + O2

ex/ Ag + Cu(NO3)2 Cu + AgNO3

ex/ O2 O3

Lightening