Matter

Lesson 1 (Introduction of Matter)

• Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space (Your body is matter)

• Mass – describes the amount of matter in an object

• Weight – is a measure of the gravitational force on an object

• Volume - the amount of space that an object takes up, or occupies

• Density – is the measure of the amount of mass in a given volume

Lesson 2 (Properties of Matter)

Physical property – A characteristic of a substance that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance. - Use your senses to detect physical properties- Color, shape, size, and texture are a few examples of physical properties of gold.

• Chemical property – describes a substance’s ability to change into a new substance with different properties.

• - Common chemical properties include flammability and reactivity with substances such as oxygen, water, and acids.

• - When left outdoors in wet weather, iron rusts. The ability to rust is a chemical property of iron.

Lesson 3 (Physical and Chemical Changes)

• Physical change – is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.

Example - If you crumbled up paper it would change the papers shape, however the paper still has the same chemical identity.

• Chemical change – occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.

Example – In a campfire, the wood will burn and change to ashes. The wood has undergone a chemical change. The ashes are a new substance with different properties.

• Laws of conservation of mass – states that in ordinary chemical and physical changes, mass in not created or destroyed but is only transformed into different substances.

Lesson 4 (Pure Substances and Mixtures)

• Atom – Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.

• Atoms are the basic building blocks for all three types of matter, (elements, compounds and, mixtures.)

• An element is made up of one or more of the same kind of atom chemically combined. (Oxygen)

• A compound is made up of different kinds of atoms chemically combined. (Water)

• A mixture contains a variety of elements and compounds that are not chemically combined with each other.(Nitrogen, Water , and Oxygen mixed together)

• Pure substances – is a substance that has definite physical and chemical properties such as appearance, melting point, and reactivity.

A heterogeneous mixture is one that does not have a uniform composition. ( soil has dirt, rocks, leaves and even insects mixed together.)

Homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition where substances are evenly spread throughout. (sugar-water, the sugar dissolves and the mixture has the same sweet taste.)