Matter and Change

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• MATTER is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space (has a volume).

• Is AIR considered matter? Does it take up space?

• Tennis ball vs. golf ball (a golf ball is solid while a tennis ball is hallow…therefore, a golf ball has more matter)

MASS vs. WEIGHT

• MASS is the amount of matter an object contains.

• WEIGHT is the amount of mass an object has on Earth. If you go to the moon you would be weightless due to the change in gravity.

• ON the EARTH and MOON you will have the same MASS not the same weight.

PHASES of Matter

SOLIDDefinite shape and volume

LIQUIDTakes the shape of

its container, has a fixed volume

GASshape and volume of its container

PHASES OF MATTER

Can also be called a SUBSTANCE if it is uniform and definite composition

Can also be called an ELEMENT or a

COMPOUND….depends on what it is made of.

An ELEMENT is matter that can not be broken down into

any other substance.

An ELEMENT is matter that can not be broken down into any other substance. ELEMENTS are made of

ATOMS that can be broken into subatomic particles…protons,

neutorns and electrons.

States of Matter

ELEMENTSHomogeneous

COMPOUNDSHomogeneous

MIXTUREScan be homogeneous or heterogeneous

MATTER

Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous

• Homogeneous mixture is one that has a uniform composition throughout the entire sample.

• Example: Saltwater

• Heterogeneous mixture is one that is not uniform throughout the entire sample.

• Example: oil and vinegar

ELEMENTS

• Found on the Periodic Table of Elements

• 91 have been found in nature. All others have been made in the laboratory by chemists.

• Some are radioactive.

COMPOUNDS

Matter that is made of two or more elements.

WATER IS A COMPOUND!!

COMPOUNDS

Can be broken down into something simpler substances.

Compounds can be broken down into elements

BUT elements cannot be broken down into compounds.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIESand

CHEMICAL PROPERTIESPhysical property = like density = can be determined without changing the

substance.Chemical property= what happens to

the substance when it reacts with other materials

PHYSICAL CHANGES

Does not change the IDENTITY of the substance

PHYSICAL CHANGES

A change that occurs that does not change the composition of the

material.

Physical changes

• Cutting, grinding, bending are physical changes

• Temperature changes are physical changes: freezing, boiling, melting, condensating, sublimating.

• Dissolve, split, break, crack, cut, crush,

Chemical changes

Any change that results in the production of one or more substances that differ in chemical properties and

composition of the ORIGINAL substance.

Chemical changes

Rusting of ironSouring of milk

Burning of paperFrying an eggBurning wood

Chemical changes

BURN, ROT, RUST, DECOMPOSE, FERMENT,

EXPLODE, CORRODE

All signify a chemical change!

Classify each as physical or chemical changes

• Melting ice

• Burning wood

• Freezing water

• Hammering aluminum into sheets

• Rusting of a hammer

• Decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass can be neither created nor destroyed. It is conserved.

Mass of the products = mass of the reactants

In a chemical equation

What is made of CARBON?

What else is made of pure carbon?

• DIAMOND• GRAPHITE

Physical and chemical differences• All depends on pressure and temperature

Buckyball, DIAMOND, Graphite

http://www.chem.wisc.edu/~newtrad/CurrRef/BDGTopic/BDGtext/BDGIntro.html

Buckyball

Diamond

GRAPHITE

Buckyball propertiessince 1985

• Made of carbon

• Black in color if solid

• Real name is buckminsterfullerene in honor of the architect of the geodesic dome, Buckminster Fuller, was added to the group of fascinating materials that included diamond and carbon fiber

DIAMOND properties

• Hardest know substance

• Made from coal (some)

• Cuts most other materials (oil drill bits)

• Solid stone, cuts into planar facets

• Most are colorless

• Very stable

• Very expensive and valuable

Graphite properties

• Lightweight

• Incredibly strong

• Black

• Flaky

• Pencil leads

• Bicycle frames/ tennis racquets/ golf clubs

• Can be expensive

• The cutting edge of new materials technology is represented by surprisingly mundane and old forms of matter. Consider diamond (the gem) and graphite (the main component of pencil leads). Although both have been known for many years, recent newspaper and magazine headlines demonstrate tremendous current interest in these materials. For example, diamond was named "molecule of the year" by Science magazine in 1990. Also, a material closely related to graphite, carbon fiber, recently has entered our everyday lives in the form of reinforcing material in bicycle frames, tennis racquets, and even the B-2 Stealth bomber.

PPT is over start your homework

• TURN IN YOUR LAB

• Page 9 #1-12• Page 19 #1-11• Page 28 #1-8, 12• Page 33 #34-37• Use page 17 to get final answer for

#37