Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Alexander Soldatov

Materials Physics at LTU:new prospectives for collaboraion

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Ceramics(MAX phases)

Materials synthesis lab

Materials Physics and Engineering at TFM/LTU

Materials properties:Theoretical Modeling

BiomaterialsSPM lab

Carbon NanomaterialsTribomaterialsHigh-pressure

Spectroscopy lab

High-performance SteelSimulations

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Materials Physics group

High-pressure spectroscopylab

led by A.V. Soldatov

Scanning probe microscopylab

led by N. Almqvist

State of the art equipmentAdvanced materials characterization, methods developmentResearch on nanostructured, bio-materials, tribo-systems

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Static pressure up to 2-4MbarTemperature up till 600 C

High-p spectroscopy lab: Diamond Anvil Cell (DAC)

diamo nds

lasersa mp le

ruy

gasket

Diamond culet: ~ 100-500 micronSample chamber: ~ 50 - 200 micron

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Raman Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM)

Dual excitation (532 nm and 633 nm lasers)Spectroscopic imagingMapping of stress in materialsSpectroscopy of single molecules, clusters, inclusions

Imaging of Ruby crystals in a DACspectral optical

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

The new SPM laboratory – some features:

Equipment

Ntegra Prima/Aura

Solver Pro-M

Environmental/Dry vacuum

Hermetic cell:Air-gas -30C to 170CLiquid -10C to 120C

Scanning tip/scanning sampleScanners:

1x1x1 micrometer scanner(CLE)10x10x3 my (CLE)100x100x12 my– Closed loop. 100x100x10 my tip scanning head

vacuum compatible (may be used as stand alone)

100x100x10 my tip scanning head - CL

Nanoscan hardness/indentation

Electrochemical AFM

SAM – Custom experiments

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

SPM modes and measurements:

STM constant height and constant currentSTM I(V) and I(Z), dI/dVcontact AFMLFMSemicontact Measure up to 9th harmonicsPhase ImagingForce Modulation (viscoelastisity)MFMElectrostatic FMElectrodynamic FMAdhesion Force ImagingSpreading Resistance Imaging (SRI)Scanning Capacitance Imaging (SCI)Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy(SKM)Torsional resonance modeNanolithography and NanomanipulationForce Distance curvesPiezoresponce Force MicroscopyNanolithography and NanomanipulationForce Distance curvesNanoindentation and hardness measurements of superhard materialselastic modulus measurements of superhard materials and thin measurements are made in the air with no special sample preparationForce-volume AFM, F-D spectroscopy

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Fullerenes(fullerene polymers, phase transitions at high p, T)

Carbon nanotubes(spectroscopy of individual, functionalized SWCNTs, DWNT)

Composite materials based on CNTs

Molecular electronic devices based of carbon nanostructures

Tribological (tribo-) chemistry

Single-molecule spectroscopy, methods development

Materials Physics: current research projects

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

PROJECT EXAMPLESFullerene-based nanostructured materials

Fullerene polymershigh pressure 13 GPa (130 000 atm)high T (900 C)

Material is HARDER than diamond!

Carbon nanostructuresfor MOLECULAR electronics!

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Carbon nanotube

-

a

star performer:Tensile strength 15-100 GPa

(steel 2 GPa)

Young’s modulus 1-1.5 TPa

Can be bent and buckled without breaking !

Density

1.4 gcm-3

Estimated current carrying capacity 109

A/cm2

Temperature stability 3000 K

Thermal conductivity 6000 W/mK

Excellent field emitter

(And the electronic and quantum properties are also extremely interesting!)

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Individual single- wall carbon nanotube

0,8192nm

Direct evidence for individual carbon nanotubes

PROJECT EXAMPLESCNT dispersion, AFM characterization of individual CNTs

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Motivation

- Strong and light material- El. conducting- Lower cost

Problems- Bundles, i.e. a weak coupling to the matrix- Low dispersion in the matrix – poor stress transfer

A consequence: to date the attempts to synthesizea high-performance CNT-based composite failed…

Possible solutions?- Dispersion via functionalization- Better coupling to the matrix through cross-linking

to the matrix (polymer) molecules

CNTs Matrix

500 nm

PROJECT EXAMPLESCNT-based composite materials

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Distribution of CNTs in the polymer matrixstudy of the distribution of nanotubes in the matrix via mapping out the

intensity of the CNT G-band using Raman spectral imaging

Sample surface

Raman spectrumIs taken at every scanning point

Raman map

laser

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Characterization of carbon nanotube composites with SPM methods

Plain imaging

Surface modification

Details about the CNT composites projectwill be presented by Ilya Dobryden (session 2)

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Micro- nanomechanical properties:

Cantilever based forcemapping techniquesNanoindentation, nanoscratching and elasticity

Electrical properties including picoampere measurements and probing of buried nanotubes

Characterization of carbon nanotube composites with SPM methods

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

PROJECT EXAMPLESTribochemistry of lubricant additives

In-situ monitoring the behaviour of additives at high pressure/high T in a DAC –

more details

in the forthcoming talk by Joel Andersson!

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Surface interactions, surface characterization, thin films, surface moldifications, self-assembly, high quality steel – steel inclusions, biomimetics

Polymerized Carbon-60

AFM image showing fully grown hexagonal BaFe12 O19 crystallites.

“Blistering” on graphite

PROJECT EXAMPLES:Applied Materials science

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Three-dimensional surface plot of chains of aluminium oxide clusters, which “binds” to the ferrite matrix. [Strandh, Solhed, Almqvist, LTU]

Large scale AFM image of pearlite structure and multiple layered grain boudaries. [Strandh, Solhed, Almqvist, LTU]

Steel

AFM image of small aluminium oxide inclusion [Strandh, Solhed, Almqvist, LTU]

Project examples: Steel inclusions

Nils Almqvist, Division of Physics

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Internal LTU collaborationMaskin element (Tribo-chemistry)Inorganic ChemistryMathematics

National

collaboration

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Primary International collaboration

HARVARD

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

Lawrence Livermore National Lab.

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

COLLABORATORS:

C. Meingast, P. Nagel Institute for Solid State Physics, FZK Karlsruhe, GermanyS. Lebedkinthermal properties of fullerene polymers

E. McRae, B Vigolo, Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry, Nancy University,F. Valsaque FranceCNT composite materials, functionalization of carbon nanotubes, gas adsorption

B. Sundqvist, Dept of Physics, Dept. of Chem., Umeå University, SwedenD. JohnelsFullerene polymers synthesis at moderate pressures, NMR

P. McEuen Dept. of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USAtransport measurements on single fullerene molecules

S. IIjima Institute for Advanced Materials Research (AIST), Tsukuba,K. Hata Japan photolithography-assisted CVD synthesis ofaligned carbon nanotube arrays

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Funding

Vetenskapsrådet

(VR)

Kempe

Stiftelsterna

SKF AB

TFN, Luleå

Tekniska Universitet

Norrbottens

Forskningsråd

Swedish Royal

Academy

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

High-pressure

spectroscopy group, October

2008

Group Members (standing, left to right): Mattias Mases, Benjamin Bax, Andreas Mueller, Guillaume Chevennement, Shuai Wei, (Sitting): Joel Andersson, Alex Soldatov, Brigitte Vigolo (visiting scientist), Cedric Chauvet..Ilya Dobryden (not featured on the photo)

Materials Physics groupDivision of Physics,TFMLuleå University of Technology

Thank you for your attention!