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1MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
MasterGardenerVolunteer
CoreCompetenciesforClassworkandSelfStudybyLynneHolland,HorticultureCommunityEducationAssistant,and
CathrynKloetzli,AgricultureandFoodSystemsProfessionalThesecompetenciesarepresentedbythesubjectareastypicallycoveredinthebasicMasterGardenerVolunteer(MGV)trainingand/orinreadingswithinthemanual.ThecompetenciescanbeusedbycoordinatorsastheydesigntheirrespectivetrainingforMGVcandidates,byinstructorstomakesuretheirlessoncoversthetopicslistedandbytheMGVcandidatetoview,ataglance,allthattheywillorhavelearned.Eachsubjectareaincludesalistofitemsaboutwhichthestudenthasgainedknowledge.Thesubjectareasalsohighlightpracticalskillsthatwillhelpstudentsbecomemoreconfidentinassumingtheirrolestoassistclients.Theseskillsofferasetoftangible,specificservicesthatMGVscanuseimmediatelyinservicetotheircommunity.BEINGANEFFECTIVEMASTERGARDENERVOLUNTEERAttheendofthissessionyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Themission,programbreadthandfundingsourcesoftheUniversityofMaine
CooperativeExtension● HowandwheretheMasterGardenerVolunteersprogramoriginated● MaineMasterGardenerVolunteersProgrampolicies● The“hows”and“whys”ofreportingvolunteerhoursandactivities● Theprocessandrequirementsofannualre-enrollment● Tipsforeffectivecommunicationwithfellowvolunteers,clients,andExtensionoffice
staff● Howtominimizeriskwhenworkingwithyouth,elderlyandothervulnerable
populations(VOLTtrainingprinciples)● PotentialMasterGardenerVolunteerprojectsinyourarea
Practicalskillsgainedandstrengthened:● Beabletoidentifyrelevanttechnicalandadministrativeresourcesthatsupportyouin
servicetoyourcommunity.Theseresourcesincludefaculty,officestaff,labs,UMaineandnationwideExtensionwebsitesaka.edusites,etc.
● Beabletobetternetworkandreachouttoallcommunitymembers
SOILSANDFERTILIZERSAttheendofthissessionyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Thecompositionofsoil
2MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
● Thedifferencebetweensoiltextureandsoilstructure(effectsofexcessivetillage),theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachsoiltexture(clay,silt,sand),theimportanceoforganicmatterinthesoil.
● SoilfertilityandpH● TheroleandimportanceofsoilpH
o ThepHscale(acidictobasic,logarithmic)o HowpHadjustmentsaremadeinthesoilo CationExchangeCapacity(CEC)anditsrelationtofertility
● Essentialmacronutrientsandmicronutrientsneededforplantgrowth● Soiltestingandinterpretation
o Don’tGuess,SoilTest!-Theimportanceofsoiltesting.o Howtosamplesoilandcompletethesoiltestingformproperlyo Howtointerpretasoiltestanditsrecommendations
● Howtocomparefertilizerso Typesoffertilizersandtheirrelativeattributes(synthetic&organic)o Howtointerpretafertilizerlabelo Howtoselecttheappropriatefertilizerforaspecificuseo Howtoselectasubstitutefertilizer,whenthefertilizerrecommendedinyour
soiltestresultsisnotavailableatthestoreo Howandwhentoapplyfertilizerstominimizeenvironmentalimpact
● Homecompostingo Keyfactorsineffectivecomposting(microorganisms,organicmaterials(C:N
ratio,particlesize,air,moisture,andpilevolume)o Howtotroubleshootandcorrecthomecompostingproblemso Thecharacteristicsofandusesoffinishedcompost
● Covercroppingandorganicsoilamendmentso Reasonstousecovercropso Appropriatecovercropforeachreasono CovercropsandwhentheyareplantedinMaineo Organicamendmentsandhowtheyaffectsoil
Practicalskillsgainedandstrengthened:• Howtosamplesoilandcompletethesoiltestingformproperly• Howtointerpretasoiltestanditsrecommendations• Howtointerpretafertilizerlabel• Howtoselecttheappropriatefertilizerforaspecificuse• Howtoselectasubstitutefertilizer• Howandwhentoapplyfertilizerstominimizeenvironmentalimpact• Howtotroubleshootandcorrecthomecompostingproblems
BOTANYAttheendofthissessionyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Thebinomialsystem(Genusspecificepithet)ofplantnomenclature● Meaningofthetermshybrid,open-pollinated,varietyandcultivar
3MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
● Plantparts(roots,stems,buds,leaves,flowersandfruits)andtheirfunctions● Beawareofhowaplantisidentified-ie.usingadichotomouskey● Plantgrowth,developmentanddifferentiation● Theprocessesofphotosynthesis,respirationandtranspirationinplants● Majorenvironmentalfactorsthatinfluenceplantgrowth,developmentandphenology
(spacing,nutrients,light,daylength,water,temperature)
Practicalskillsgainedandstrengthened:• Howtoidentifyaplantusingvarioustools-dichotomouskey,on-linesearch,
referencebooks• Howtoprovidetheproperenvironmentalconditionsforoptimalplantgrowth
andproduction.PLANTPROPAGATIONAttheendofthissessionyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Thebasictechniquesandreasonsforvegetative(asexual)propagationofplants
includingdivision,layering,cuttingsandgrafting● Thebasictechniquesandreasonsforseedage(sexual)propagationofplants● Thepartsofaseedandtheenvironmentalfactorsnecessaryforgerminationand
growingon ● Potentialseedlingdiseases● Anunderstandingoftherolethatcontainers,growingmediumandfertilizationplayin
plantpropagation● Theprocessesofhardeningoffandtransplantingseedlings● Thebasicsofseedsavingandstorage
Practicalskillsgainedandstrengthened:• Howtosuccessfullyperform(andgrowon)atleastonevegetativepropagation
technique. • Howtosuccessfullyperformproperseedingtechnique• Howtohardenofftransplantseedlings
PLANTPATHOLOGYAttheendofthissessionyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Thedifferencebetweenbioticandabioticdiseases● Thethreemaintypesofbioticdiseases(fungal,bacterial,viral)● Thefactorsnecessaryforplantdiseasetooccur(the“diseasetriangle”and/or“disease
pyramid”)● Howtousethe‘IPMTriangle’toidentifypreventativemeasuresandcontrolsforplant
diseases● Theimportanceofproperlyidentifyingthedisease,assessingseverityofdamageand
notingtimeofyearbeforeconsideringcontrol
4MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
● Thesignsandsymptomsofatleastonecommondiseaseofornamentals,vegetablesandfruits;(powderymildew,downymildew,Pythiumrootrot,rust,applescabandothers)
● HowtopackagesamplesforshipmenttothePestManagementLabfordiagnosis;andarticulateandexplainwhatinformationisneededforplantdiseasediagnostics
● WhyMasterGardenerVolunteersdonotofferadviceontheuseofpesticides
Practicalskillsgainedandstrengthened:• Howtopreventandcontrolplantdiseases(IPMTriangle)• Beabletolocatediseaseresistantvarietiesinaseedcatalog• IdentifycommonplantdiseasesfoundinMainegardensandlandscapes• HowtocollectandpackagesamplesforshipmenttothePestManagementLabfor
diagnosis• HowtogatherthenecessaryinformationforplantdiseasediagnosticsENTOMOLOGYAttheendofthissessionyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Keymorphologicalcharacteristicsofinsects;
o Threemajorbodyparts:head,thorax,abdomeno Sixlegso Exoskeletono Antennae
● Thetwocommonlifecycletypesofinsects-gradualandcompletemetamorphosis● Thecharacteristicsoffiveordersofcommongardeninsects:
o Coleoptera(beetles)o Diptera(trueflies)o Lepidoptera(butterfliesandmoths)o Hymenoptera(bees,waspsandants)o Hemiptera(truebugs,hoppers,aphids)
● ThefundamentalcomponentsofIntegratedPestManagement(IPM);o Knowledgeofcrop,Knowledgeofpest,Monitoring,Thresholds,Actionsteps
(actualmanagementmethods)andEvaluation● Howtousethe‘IPMTriangle’toidentifypreventativemeasuresandcontrolsforplant
pests● Commonarthropodpestsoffruitandvegetablecropsandornamentals/turf;
o Fruitcrops:e.g.tarnishedplantbug,strawberryweevil,blueberrymaggot,raspberrycaneborer,applemaggot
o Vegetablecrops:e.g.stripedcucumberbeetle,asparagusbeetle,squashbug,cutworms,hornworm,
o Coloradopotatobeetle,importedcabbagewormo Ornamentals/turf:e.g.Japanesebeetle,lilyleafbeetle,viburnumleafbeetle,
mites,easterntentcaterpillar● Beneficialorganisms(predatoryorparasitic)andhowtoattractthemtothegarden;
o Examples:braconidwasps,ichneumonidwasps,nematodes,ladybeetles,spiders,greenlacewings
5MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
● ThethreatthatinvasiveinsectspeciesposeinMaine● WhyMasterGardenerVolunteersdonotgiveadviceontheuseofpesticides
Practicalskillsgainedandstrengthened:• Howtopreventandcontrolpests(IPMTriangle)• Becomefamiliarwiththelatestsourcesforcultural/mechanicalpestcontrol
techniquesgearedtoaspecificpest• IdentifycommonpestspeciesfoundinMainegardensandlandscapes• IdentifycommonbeneficialorganismsfoundinMainelandscapes
PESTSandPESTICIDESAFETYAttheendofthissessionyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Thedifferenttypesofpesticidesandhowtheywork;
o Insecticides,fungicides,herbicides,rodenticides,etc.● Theterms“natural”,“organic”,“biological”,“synthetic”donotimplyhowsafeortoxica
productis.● Thedifferentpesticideformulations,andwhichformulationsposetheleastriskof
exposuretotheuser;o Readytouse(RTU)solutions,granules,baits,o Emulsifiableconcentrates,o Wettablepowders,aerosols,dusts,etc.
● Howtoread,understandandfollowapesticidelabel;o Activeingredient,o Leveloftoxicity(LD50,signalword),o TypeofPPEtouseo Howtomixandapplyo Siteandpestonwhichitcanbeused,o Reentryinterval/daystoharvest,o Environmentalhazards,emergencyprocedures,etc.o LABELISTHELAWo Applicationisrestrictedtoonlycropslistedonlabel
● Howtoassesstherisksvs.thebenefitsofpesticideuse;o Potentialrisks:non-targetspeciesaffected,off-siteexposure,accumulationin
theenvironment,reductioninnaturalpredators,etc.o Potentialbenefits:betteryield,reducednaturaltoxinsincrops,lesscrop
damage,aesthetic,publichealthimprovements,etc.● PrinciplesofIntegratedPestManagement(IPM);
o Identifytheproblem-Istheproblemcausedbyapest?o Assessthelevelofdamageo Determineifacontrolisneeded(threshold)o Applyacontrol:useleasttoxicoptionfirst,correcttiming/susceptiblestageof
pest,applyonlywhereneeded,etc.o Monitorandassesstheresult:keeprecordsofpestdamage,controlsusedand
results
6MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
● Howtoreducepesticideexposuretotheenvironment;o Alternativepestmanagementstrategies:culturalcontrols,mechanicalcontrols,
biologicalcontrols,tolerancefordamage,etc.o Spottreatmentsinsteadofbroadcasttreatmentso Principlesofresistanceandresistancemanagemento Reducepesticidedrift:timing,weathero Protectwaterbodies(25footbufferzonerequiredforallbroadcast
applications)o Keepproductsoffimpervioussurfaces,don’tapplyjustbeforerain.
● Howtominimizepesticideexposuretohumans;o Identifyindividualsensitivitieso Selectionanduseofproperpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)o Keepinoriginalcontainerso Followpropermixingandapplicationprocedureso Understanddose:exposure&toxicity
● Howtoproperlystore,secureanddisposeofpesticides.o Keepinalocationawayfromchildreno Purchasethesmallestquantityforyourneedso Understandthestorageneedsofdifferentformulationsofpesticide:(powder,
liquid,EC,etc.)● BecomefamiliarwithMaineBoardofPesticidesControl(BPC)
o Questionso Complaintso PesticidePick-Upsforold,outofdate,expired
● WhyMasterGardenerVolunteersdonotgiveadviceontheuseofpesticides
Practicalskillsgainedandstrengthened:• Howtoread,understandandfollowapesticidelabel;• AcquireandkeepdedicatedPPEonhandtousewhenneeded.Knowhowto
launderandre-use,ifapplicable.• Howtoaccesscredibleinformationonpesticides.
FOODSECURITYAttheendofthissessionyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● ThelateststatisticsandimpactsoffoodinsecurityinMaine● Thechallengesofprovidingfreshproducetohungryresidentsviafoodpantries-
o Clientsmaynotwantito Littleornorefrigerationo Infrequentlyopen-somepantriesonlyopenonceamontho Limitedspaceorfacilitieso Expandingneedfornutritioneducationandcookingdemosthatoutstrips
currentstaffing● HowtobecomemoreinvolvedintheMaineHarvestforHungerProgramoranother
localfoodsecurityprogram
7MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
Practicalskillsgainedandstrengthened:
• HowtobecomemoreinvolvedintheMaineHarvestforHungerProgramoranotherlocalfoodsecurityprogram
FOODSYSTEMSAttheendofthesesessionsyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Thecomponentsofafoodsystemandeachperson’sroleinitasaconsumerand
perhapsalsoasproducer,processorand/ordistributor● HowtheUniversityofMaineCooperativeExtensionsupportsandispartoftheMaine
FoodSystem● Thecurrentstatisticsregardingfoodwasteandstepsthatcanbetakenindividuallyand
state-widetominimizethefoodwastestreamPracticalskillsgainedandstrengthened:
• Activelyinvolveyourselfinthefoodsystem-ie.supportinglocalfarms,minimizingwaste,becominganinformedconsumer
GROWINGVEGETABLESANDHERBSAttheendofthesesessionsyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Factorstoconsiderwhenselectingagardensite● Factorstoconsiderwhenplanningavegetablegarden
o Varietyselectiontomatchconditionso Comparisonofraisedbeds,ingroundbedsandconventionalrowso Reasonsforcroprotationandhowtodevelopasimplerotationplano Conceptsandpracticesforintensivevegetableproductiono Basicgardenrecordkeeping
● Keyaspectsofvegetablegardenmaintenanceo Wateringo Weedmanagemento Fertilization
● Techniquesforextendingthegardenseason● Howandwhentoharvestandproperlystorecommonvegetablecrops● FoodsafetyandGoodAgriculturalPractices(GAP)forasafeharvestPracticalskillsgainedandstrengthened:
• Identify,prevent,andmanagecommonweeds• Howtoplan,plant,andmaintainavegetableand/orherbgarden• Howtoimplementsuccessionplanting• Howandwhentoharvestandproperlystorecommonvegetablecrops
8MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
• Foodsafetypracticesusedinpreparingfreshfoodsforconsumption
GROWINGSMALLFRUITSAttheendofthesesessionsyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Thecriticalcomponentsofasuitablesiteforgrowingsmallfruits● Fundamentalsofgrowingstrawberries;properplanting,earlycare,winterproduction
andrenovationstrawberrybeds;characteristicsofrecommendedvarieties● Fundamentalsofgrowingraspberriesandblackberries;properplanting,earlycare,
trellisingandpruningofbrambles;characteristicsofrecommendedvarieties● Fundamentalsofgrowinghighbushblueberries;specialsoilneeds,properplanting,
earlycareandpruning;characteristicsofrecommendedvarieties● Typesofpruningcuts(headingandthinning)andhowplantsrespond● Whycurrantsandgooseberries(Ribesfamily)areillegaltoimportandgrowinpartsof
MainePracticalskillsgainedandstrengthened:
• Howtoselectandprepareapropersiteforspecificsmallfruitspecies • Howandwhentorenovateastrawberrybed • Howtotrellisandprunebrambles • Howandwhentoprunehighbushblueberries• Selecting,usingandcaringforappropriatetoolsforpruningsmallfruit
WILDLIFEAttheendofthissessionyouwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Commonproblemscausedbywildlifeinthegardenandlandscapeandfirstlineof
defensemeasures.o http://www.maine.gov/ifw/wildlife/human/living.htmlo http://npic.orst.edu/pest/wildyard.html
● TheUniversityofMaineCooperativeExtensionnolongerrespondstowildlifedamagecontrolcalls.TheUSDAWildlifeServiceshouldaddressallwildlifecallsandsituations.
o http://www.maine.gov/ifw/wildlife/pdfs/adc09112016.pdfPracticalskillsgainedandstrengthened:
• Identifyinglocalresourcestoassistclientswithwildlifeissuesinthehomegardenandlandscape
GROWINGFRUITTREESAttheendofthistraining,youwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Thecriticalcomponentsofasuitablesiteforgrowingfruittreesinthehomelandscape
9MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
● ThedifferentspeciesoffruittreescommonlygrowninMaineandamajorweaknessforeach
● Theselectionprocessforappropriatevarietiesoffruittrees● Whyandwhenfruittreesarecommonlygrafted● Thedifferencebetweendwarf,semi-dwarfandstandardsizedfruittrees● Reasonswhyrootstocksareusedintreefruitproduction● Basicprinciplesandpurposesforpruningdifferentkindsoffruittrees
o Typesofpruningcuts(headingandthinning)andhowplantsrespond● Disease,insectandwildlifepreventionandcontrolmethods
● http://extension.psu.edu/plants/gardening/fphg/wildlife-damagePracticalskillsgainedandstrengthened:
• Howtoselectappropriaterootstocksandvarietiesoffruittreesforspecificlocationsandgrowingconditions
• Howtoplant,prune,andcareforfruittrees• Selecting,using,andcaringforappropriatetoolsforpruningfruittrees• Identifyresourcestohelpwithwildlifecontrolinorchards
SELECTIONANDCAREOFHERBACEOUSLANDSCAPEPLANTSIfthissectionisaddressedintraining,youwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Thelifecyclesoffloweringannuals,biennialsandperennials● Thecriteriaforappropriateherbaceousplantselectionforaestheticorutilitarian
purposes:o Fordifferentsiteconditions(sun,shade,wet,dry,etc)o Toaddresslandscapeconditionsorproblems(screening,wetswale,heavy
trafficetc.)● Explainthemostcommonwaysinwhichherbaceousplantsarepropagated● Groupplantswithsimilarneeds(water,fertilizer,sun)foreasiermaintenance● Generalflowergardencareduringtheseason.
o Siteselectiono Soilpreparationo Transplantingo Managingweedso Fertilizing o Effectiveirrigation
● GiveexamplesofplantsandplantcombinationsthataresuitableforMainegardensandrelativelynewinthetrade.
Practicalskillsgainedandstrengthened:
• RIGHTPLANT,RIGHTPLACE:GiveexamplesofplantsandplantcombinationsthataresuitableforMainegardens
• Howtoselecthealthyplantsfromaretailer
10MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
SELECTIONANDCAREOFWOODYLANDSCAPEPLANTSIfthissectionisaddressedintraining,youwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Thethreeformsinwhichtreesandshrubscanbepurchasedandtheadvantage
disadvantagesofeachformo Balledandburlapped(B&B)o Containerizedo Bare-root
● Thebasicstepsandconsiderationsforplantingatreeorshrubo Selectingthepropertreeforthesiteo Timingo Holesize(depthandwidth)o Prosandconsofamendingbackfillo Wateringo Stakingo Mulching
● Howandwhentoproperlytransplantdifferentlandscapetreeso Timingo Rootpruning
● Thebasicsoflandscapetreeorshrubcareo Establishmentperiodandwaterneedso Fertilizationo Pruning
● Thebasicsofpruninglandscapetreesandshrubso Reasonsforpruning(safety,planthealth,controlsize,directgrowth,promote
floweringorfruiting)o Necessarytools,toolcareandsafety(polepruners,loppers,pruningsawsand
handshears)o Appropriatetiming(timeofyear,ageofplant)o Typesofpruningcuts(headingandthinning)andhowplantsrespond
● Non-native,invasivewoodyplantsinMaineandwhytheyareaprobleminmanagedlandscapes.(NorwayMaple,wingedeuonymus,orientalbittersweet,Japanesebarberry,shrubbyhoneysuckle,etc.)
● Familiaritywithsomeofthetypicalnativetreesandshrubsappropriatefordifferentlandscapeconditions.Groupplantswithsimilarneeds(water,fertilizer,sun)foreasiermaintenance.
o Sunny,welldrainedlandscapeo Shady,woodlandlandscapeo Seasonallyfloodedlandscapeo Coastal,lakesideoralpinelandscape(Choosewhatismostappropriateforyour
regionofthestatePracticalskillsgainedandstrengthened:
11MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
• Howtoplantandcareforwoodylandscapeplants • Properuseofdifferentpruningcuts(headingandthinning),takingintoaccount
howtheplantswillrespond • Beabletorecommendtypicalnativetreesandshrubsappropriateforthese
differentlandscapeconditions- o Sunny,welldrainedlandscapeo Shady,woodlandlandscapeo Seasonallyfloodedlandscapeo Coastal,lakesideoralpinelandscape
SUSTAINABLELAWNSANDGROUNDCOVERSIfthissectionisaddressedintraining,youwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:● Sustainablelawnestablishmentpractices
o Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingseedorsodo Propersitepreparationo Selectionofappropriategrassvarietieso Howandwhentoseedalawn
● Low-inputlawnmaintenanceo De-thatchingo Aerationprocedureandtimingo Propermowingtechniqueso Waterandfertilizingo Over-seedingo Managingweed,insectsanddiseaseso CommonseasonalpracticesinMaine
● AlternativestoTurfo Advantagesanddisadvantagesofreducingturf-grasso Methodsforremovingturfo Alternativestoturfwithafocusongroundcoversandnativespecies
Practicalskillsgainedandstrengthened:
• HowtoselectappropriategrassvarietiesforaMainelawn• Howtoeffectivelymaintainahealthylawnthroughpropermowing,fertilization
andwatering
SUSTAINABLELANDSCAPEDESIGNIfthissectionisaddressedintraining,youwillbeabletoarticulateandexplain:• Theelementsoftheartoflandscapedesign
o Color,texture,form,line,space,pattern,andlight• Basicstepsoflandscapedesignbasedonbiology,siteanalysis,engineeringandproject
management
12MasterGardenerVolunteersCoreCompetencies
RevisedDecember6,2016
o Assessthesiteinrelationtothegoalsoftheproject▪ Definetheenvironmentbothaboveandbelowtheground▪ Considerthefunctionofthespace-functionbeforeform▪ Makealistofthethingsyouwouldliketoincludeinthefinalplan
o Developatheme/themesforthelandscapeforfilteringdecisions▪ Designforbeautyusingtheelementsofartinthelandscape▪ Determinewhichfunctionswouldbebestservedbyhardscapeand
whichbyplants▪ Designthestructureandlayoutofthelandscape
o Assessthefactorsinfluencingthedesign▪ Assesswhatisgoodintheexistinglandscapeandwhatneedstobe
eliminated▪ Developabudget(laborandmaterials)fortheentireprojectandsub-
projects▪ Considerlaborandfinancialcostsoflong-termmaintenance▪ Createaninstallationtimelinewherehardscapeprecedesplanting
o Installation:Selectplantsanduseproperplantingpractices• Filterplantchoicesbytheme• Chooseplantsbyfunctionandsuitabilitytosite• Considerhardiness,size,color,texture,andseasonality• Developeffective,scaled,sustainableplantcombinations• Followgoodplantingandestablishmentpractices• Applyinglandscapedesignprinciplestoprojects
o Balance/Style o Dominance,focalpoint,
focalizationo Scaleandproportion
Rhythmandrepetition
o Transition/Tension o Contrasto Unity o Simplicity
• Evolutionoflandscapedesigninreactiontoenvironmentalstewardshipo Sustainabilityo Appropriateuseofnativeandnon-invasiveexoticplantso Waterqualityandconservationo Energyconservationo Developingsustainablelandscapesthathavelongterm,lowcarbonfootprint.o Awarenessofwhatpracticeswillhelpmeetthegoalsofthespaceand
sustainability Practicalskillsgainedandstrengthened:• Beabletoassessalandscapedesign-highlightingstrengthsandofferingareasfor
improvement• Beabletodrawabubblediagramofahomelandscapedesign.