Marxists Internet Archive · The strugg~e coot5cues: \'!hat · kind _ci- ravolut:on. is needed in the batt~e. against . L;e Khemeini .. )~p toont~r ravd~on? hr Bar.a DUDayenJca,.a

$Page 1: Marxists Internet Archive · The strugg~e coot5cues: \'!hat · kind _ci- ravolut:on. is needed in the batt~e. against . L;e Khemeini .. )~p toont~r ravd~on? hr Bar.a DUDayenJca,.a$
' PHJ:LOSOPHY? WHAT :IS REVOLU-

TTClN? 1789-17931 1648-1850:, 1914-1979 -- Dec. 11, 1979

~;-_,- 'IPJrn ;t- ' uNFoLDMENT OF, !>.NO CONTRADJ:CREVOLUTJ:Otl -- Mar. 2_5, J:979

1'1:,,{:~~:~~:~,;:~~T~~~~~;~~~~~~ _J:RANJ:AN .. j:' 'S :!-844 rnJMllll'J:ST --: NOV., 1980

·-·· .. ::rRAN's pJ::VoLtrio:rollAHY i?AsT ,..- AND

PRESENT ·. -- Nov:.' ·13 , 197 8

~ - .. . ,-_ ,·_ .

- J

by RAYA DUNAYEV

$1.50

NEWS &. LETTERS ~0 E. VAN BUREN ST.

~~t;~~·:: 701 -.· C/llct;.GD.:·. •">0605

The strugg~e coot5cues: \'!hat · kind _ci- ravolut:on. is needed in the batt~e. against

. L;e Khemeini .. )~p toont~r ravd~on? hr Bar.a DUDayenJca,.a

·Aa:.thor- of PBn.OSOPHY A...'iD ~OLUTION a.n;f :l'larsism. a.ad Freedom

. Edltor's 'Not~: The' foU.ntring was urritt~ IU a. $pe·

C:..al introductimi· to the Fani ·.editioB_ol ~v-~ Political-Philompnie Letun on the Iranian. J:ft'Oluti.on.. 1979-l9BZ. ~ Ratta Dw14yl!tl'.vcm;a. T1ut: r.to:t·:"":!!"~. published Jtm• 25. 1981. ;s entitLed •:wnct B'a.-.··- "-•· _--:,", -. -_, -:~, ·- :-~ --~· ~.

_::.~tho_ i_l_l:lsosian Communists evci- ninco the Hitlel:~ta.1iri Pact; whiCh··ga.ve-·the·green ·.· ,'.;t .-:;;: .·-·::.-"- .... -- :· :- ._ :· ,:-~ -,_-.,; .• ,._._ ·------~---- _ _-,.,· .. .-·. --- '". • .. '~

light ~o Uorld Har II, that nOne in tho ·HeSt Were slirPriSed ·by tr.P.· SOcrc·ta.rY. ceiner-' · al or"th~' ~~~ -;;~unist -~~-, ~Nuf.rnMin Kiantiri~s -'d~(;JA..~+:;~~<tta·t:' the; -~e---··-; ·.· ''f~-~~~~~--~~t:>"~j,~-:~~~~~i-~~---~~~~~ 11 : ~,~·_:\. -;:·. ' - -~::~.·.,.:-_:;. • -~' • .. ·:~::,:.

. rcc . ~

-wh~ti intel:Vi8wed lr]- •·an ed.itOr~Of'.'Lo -Monda; ,Eric Roule!au~,-.on .. the .question

o£ stiP~:iDg .terrori~m;.- KiMuri·:;repiied:"of- 'cOurS~ we--condcm..-.,.. toi'rori~ui,.· hut-· :itO:~_ princi:Pio .; Can -b6:- etama.l'; ·_ ·:FrOm-: the· --very ~innlug" we.- supported -the ;arrest: o:f the·: ' ·J-:.

:.-l,_o·-MriEi<r' di.J)loMts· beCa:J.se; th6y .Waro ··eD@ged,not-·only.:in:'Capionage·-· •• ···rr..tt in·~~-'-"' t~ ~ -Cb;ifi-f.~~~civoiUt.i~Da.r.f~-arid·· SUbVc:rs'iVe aCtivity;"-- AS -f'Ol: coiltinuiilg':i.ricarceraticiri :of··. the Ain~rca.n h.Osta,gos ;--WhiCh f'lo1.f in- th~: face -Of': intarnaiioria.l law,. :D.nd: which -·ausSia:

·also had __ t6"c00d0Iran~-·Ki3tiUri:_1Ct tho- c3.t;oUt. of the' ~·--by·-approvingi'the. atatUS:'quo -,

of continuing tho retention of tho hostages when he said that it "~ a gooci-wa.~~ of ~oyont~g the normauzati.on of'.Iran's.r~la:tionG Hith the~:·l)~S.··· !'·· ._. c.'

,, ' ·- -,• .. --· -- . . ';-~_ ·--.-.. -<'·:;: ._., '·'"::' . .1.';

··': .. ,.It isn't true,,ho"!ov~~· that oithcr th~ clorics w:hO wi:iro Wi-fh-HC:)~Sridegh :k.t.·"·::

the '.5~,or·!:fc;ss~degh 1_e eccuJ.ar.:follo~niDS _ar'e that_· ~lCl.'\-mt· __ of· th~; ~dOh -~rty·; .· ·_;,;_ Tudoh~}~: m~SC:tablo __ z:olo i~ ~t~~-~ pa~;~d- ~~S. ~ot·_ bOo~. ~~~6bttcn. rind ·.th~: ~~sio~- ~'i Af"ghB.n,~~ has_._ma_do- 1'\C?ttU?_ ~'?~, c::v~ tlio new "poPUiist11 .phaSo ,·~r:·:th~-"¢Qmlnu0iStS. WhO· did roc~~vc'rlOO,OOO votos in Tohcra.n ·~lo~~ h;. tho-: £1rst round ·cr-,t-ho ~~OCtiOris.··· ,,

*The Guard!.nn, 1\prll 27, ~980 (Lo Mondo EhgUsb Section) 7236 .-. i

-~i~~~C';e~l}~.,~"~·'·~elb, ~.:-~!1~:.' e:thm:, ~-'ld,_-beth .. ir.. its .. p-tlblica.tion~-;.·1·~-ndo~,- ... ~nd ___ ~"l--t~~- -~p-ee~~es'::-e., __ , ,, cc.,·;·cco= Kianuri makes, :feels :pcrt'ectly :free to criticize Bani"S<idr ':'.nd'Ghotzbadeh' · ·

w~~le :leaving Khomeini £rtie f'rom critiCi.S·m, as if KbOmoiiU. wasn '-t···ant.i-COmmtrirl.st.

~d.-.y_at,·_,~tl,·( to .. teu;· Kia.rluri 'doos.ha.va B. point. Kholneini~s- a.~i.i-Co~~sni._ iS'-

so_ a.bstiaetly -_-roli.g:'~ous, thEi.t-- i.s · trJ a!i.y out of tho context ~f'.- _existing -~mm~-:·· ·::- .,,: ... -.,-- ·:· ---- -_·- .. -.. - - --- .. ---_ :-_ '. . ' . ___ . ·--·. ,"- ,', . ~_is_m_as.ti.-worl~ nuclear pouer, so eing:~e-mindcd in his qpposition to Carter a.l.one ---~-r~~ing n,i.he Great &i.tan" -tha.t he wa.sii•t diverf~d BorioUs1y- ··tJY-·RUs~i.a:-ls_.--inWsion ·O:fi¥~hanisia.n1·:· &ili~a.dr aiid:Ghotzl:adeh ~e mort'l aWe· o{·rea.lliies~- and-J.m.ci~>: "ttrit-~,tho;e- are- tWo nu01ear -_world- poW.Crs, each· af't~r-:- siD-gie .. World --Ccnt.~l. _.>--. . • . . ' ' . . ·. . ·.. ··, . . . (whi~h .is onl.y anti-America.)

A greater :mea.eure of the- na.:rrowriess of Khomeini •o ._'"a."l.ti-ini.JlCZ'ialiam"' /_and.

tOlera.ti~n of ~he Tudeh tk-ty,w~~il.c baing totalJ.y opPosed to gen~e_ l-ta.r-:4-sta, _is

- ~een in tha _comma.ri.d.er of' the Revolutionary _Guard.S :Which have the 'full support _of

KhOmoini~ · Their Commander, Abu Sharif'~ sPoll~d _out the· o.anger .:for Iran: "The' dail

gm: comes from U .. S. l.ef"tlst orsaniznti6nS." He: oxpmded :it thl..W~_-_ .. There are·ti~S ... }:~t~~,?~ga?-i~tions wh~C:h ~e __ arming-themselves such a.s tho-.Feda.yi. Khalg. There , are- o:; .. t-;!lr ~lOftiSt -·~.rgi!liW.tionS -l.ike tho TUd.Jh i?n.rty-,- which says. it recognizes _the

I~ia.trd.~_--Rcvolution•s constitution and Imam ~melni's line •. In this ~se, ·it is

_a.,-lcgil:- lcrtist-or~iz~tiOn tha..t acts o.nd "WOrks·on:this bnsis. But the_~!f.gC:r __ __

ccrites:: fi.'Cm tho u.s~- leftist crg<ll}iza.tionn, which- reCeive fundS o.rid ·wea.Pons :f'rom

th_a Uost and falsely spoo.k·a;bout a.-Russian threat to Iran to justi:f'.Y military re-_ lations with the United States." (IIERIP REPORTS, March/April.' 1980}c

..

* ... As-against Kianuri's goal-~ "the "l:r;'eaking o:ff cf all remaining. ties with

tho-u.s.••- and as ago.inst Sharif saying. that "the da.rlgcr comes from u.s. ~cft_ist

organizations", wha.t becomes imperative is the f'orging of' relations, revolutionary

rela.tions,_betl.feen the ma.oses in the u .. s. a.nd il1 Ira.'"l. To prevent the rca.l. da.r,S~ of a world holocaust, it is necessary to sao that tho enemy is not so much nbroad

a.S:O.t homo. It is hera where philosophy of' ro ... "'lution becomes· as_ crucial. as

social revolution itsol£. Ideas of' froadont recognize no P.Ation:ll. boundaries.. It

is a. fact that- oUr rulers aro Our enomios and -that tho Ira.niC.n masses are our

friends. The world revolution ltl!l.y not bo en tho ·aSolida. ~.at this vary moment, ·bUT.

it·a· that vi!iion of a. new world thnt is "tho ground f'or;th~ B:ctual. st:t't.1gglD that will pi-avant nuclear holocaust by cro:~.ting a _now_ wo:c:ld,_m totally humn.n foundations .. ,

RAYA llJNAYEvSKAYA Dotroit, !Uchigan

723'i'

Raya Dunayevskaya December 17, 1979

_-, _,

Not So Random Thoughts On1 "- ~. ww..T :j:g: PHILOSOPHY-? -~ WHl\T 'IS ·REV6LUT'ION?:.i.:·: -'~

1789~.179J;C:184B-1850; .. 1914:-1919;· 1979 · .. __ , '. :,-

· :_. -·· .: :_ :~;_-·{C': 1_:.---.- ---~··:· •• -:-:_ .-~~ , .. _,·._ •!···~.--, •. ··• -.-. :·~~r::· ·'" •--,..·

It sounds so abstrac·t, so ·easy "to' Say~ ··with Hegel, 'that '· .--

-· phil~~~p~~:; 1E(\h~-: ,/i~'i,;icih~·-e;tudy~ Of.-- ti=ti:~~s" f~~-- ~&~iy·.:~~otind:;.:ov~ .. i--.-:·:.-., __ ·, ~,,. ... :-·- :<·· .. : .• --

0·• ",·, _ _," .. - __ , :._., ;• ,.._ ~-_;· • - _ r• ·- · _'l, _, ~~ (' ·,

s.l:l!l_Pl_i~~ed, to. say, at o_~e. ~d-· t_~e. sa~e ·time ·~--that "Nature has_ g~ven:-_ ·,;:;.e;~y~ne 'a.' £ac,;ity o'i' thoil\i!it.' l:lut'tfiori;,ht' ';:',;,';..ii'tii;,.t:·I>!liios'c:P'hy'::.c~ · ~la;t~~5-'~s::·th~--- i~~rit~~!p~:~-p~~:-t~o--:h~~~_::~r·o'cr~ss: . ,_~-->·· _tPa~a--:-·-_ ~_sy-·- ·When-~~-~~~:.) ev·et{·~"y,,-u···r-ealizk:- thS:t-··thi'S 'iS 'ttu{ rnt!-OdUctt.-on to-' sncyc-loj?S:edra:·~-' ;_,_of' Phi'l010J>hi:~at"·scre·nce!:ir t-hat_ ~t w~s- ·wri tte·n:· 3:iter-·--·di~-:Fre-nch~-~--~:,c··

·- .,, ··r··:--,,·_- .... -, - ·. · -·. - ~-. --.- r-, . .., , ... _,- __ ..• · . .-·~--:~·· Revorution·t·_Whi'ch inade' po:Pular·.an actua:l "perman~nt_ revoltit~on"···--·- ·· no revolution is ever its -:ri'rst act aJ:one ··_..,:: y·o·~ ~a.-n-''b0€;in·~-- ju-st·· ·heg).n~ to:~ g·:r:a'sp- t·he·! nle~riih~r· ·O:f Heg~i·•·s -·e_xPr~sSi:~n; ;,:Secohd:·ne-ga:-ti.:.'- .;.

- :;.v"ft:fi~:·:; FW.::t~e-rritor·e·, -~i-Iege·l had; 'nOt ':fo~d-. · ·a~ti6·uratio·n··that- e·asy_:-~. ·

~ntil a:ft~r PhenOmenology of Mind, unii·l: ~:f-tei::.tno:--sd'i~n~e- oi.--r;birrc,

until af·ter- he tried "to surr.marize all of h~s ~or~s, includ~:ng the '2,soo:...ykai- 'hi~ta:ry:~:c·phifOso"Ph:Y~.:" ~The~, of' course-~' you ·realize whY, 'when-· iie·gei._. ·is 'spe-ak'iri~;- -6f··phi·iq~oph~/~ --5:t-. -is· ~ot·- a~,- ~tistr~ctioi1~ t'hftt.·eVk'r:,:: thCiUghz'hO. -iimitS----J:1:'·t'O:._thoUf:ht' aiJd:-_riCit'aC/ti"'tity·~ -he _,c·~n ·--

·--;,_.- --r.- •- .,,_. __ , __ :,. :---,·-. ____ _,,.. •.- .;-.• _ ;-~ ... conclude· in that ·very:...same .. --Introduc:tion's -:. ·

- ."'i'hiS' dl~OrCe :'hetweEtfr' iC!e~- ·and realitY' iS; a~·:favbri te ._::_ · · -•; deyice·;of' the-. analy,:tic unde~sta~ding<i!J._:_parti~_ular· •. - --.Yet_-

. !' .•. ~_.str~ngt?lY" ~n:_ ,c_ontre-s_t-- ~~ th_ -~hi_s sep¥'a.t,;i_st. t~p.p._ency f·- ~ tl?· ··.own·-dreams;~ half'-_truths ·though·- they ·ore; appear to the-· ,':lnderstanding:_: some_thing, tr.ue a:nd" r_ea_lr· .-it. prides i tsf?_lf;·, __ on.·the,.imperative. ,'ought~ w~ich_ it- takes _especial pleasure rn·preSCi-ibhl@- ·on·tne- fi'eld 1 6:f- pOli"tiCs.~ ·As,i:f·.--the world-had·· wai.:te.~-.on .. i:t:\t9 J-earn-. how_- -i_t· _o\Jght-_, to be,_. ~_nd wa.s

6,)- not!""-:

(para ...... . . . '"~;- ,~.-·.:... ; . :. --~--- --- ..

.And that same paragraph further stresses that "the Id~a~

is not so feeble as merely to have a _right or an obligatio'f. to exi'~t- WithOut· a·c tUB.lly·--exi_s'ting:. ... ·.,

· '·· ... · wi><m ;.. ;.;~~~ obje.eti~: ~ ~tali:•' i,;~se" r,; 1S44~·1a48c',;;t.'icl.· was · -'< '.,_ ' '. : -- -- ···;-:, '--· • ' ' ' '; : • -. -_ - ' :· ·: -~ • ' ' l_ • -,' ·_- .: - -, • -- '.'.' ;i p:ro~e~p.r~?:~,and no_t·_ just .. __ semi-proletaria~_ as -~:ith the ____ enrages __ of

. --·--...... · -'!;r,J Fr~nCh ·_ RC\r~,l~tio~ •.. th~_( y~~ng: · n_e~. __ r8~o-lu1J.o~ar~- PhilOSopher ·a.fld ·. a~~~~~i--~i~ ·Ma.i-~.·-~~~-~ticed·_.- Hege~·, -~- ;tde~ ._~f. f're~_d~~- _.by. reali:~j_~· _- _., it in' an- ·outr·{glit ~evOtut-io~-~ HP. _h~-d"" tOfd·'his"YO~ng. Hegelian; f~l~ilds

. • ., . • r ·~ .. ' ·. - . . .- .. • . • - ' ' -· . .

who were _l?e_~9m~~g·:,·mat_e~~a~ists 1 You cannot -~e<?omS a tru~ ne·w Hum2.nT

}_1_;·-(~ ~:· ·· ..... ~ . ·.· .. 7238

: . ..__0' ~ .• :-,~1,),~-;::

~ · :·. :~ ~: v <? '~ ;: :··. '.'• I .• -: ·; ·"·,,-, '?""."'~·r ,·:::..:: .c,.-:-:: !-: .. ···

-· ist by :turning: yp'}-Xr_; :ba_~~ .. on -H~?eel·~~~a~s~;~h~~-i·;~? )Joth ~ ourgeois and _ide-a1~St and __ .;tiercauser--h~r J:iini ted····tn~~- ·r·e-v61.uti'Oti: .tt,,:_: :'a:-~. TevOiuti'o~- i·n . th~Ught._" T~~ -trut_h is. that --He-ge?-!~s di"aie~tic was _n~t :just -~~riy>~id9~_> bUt the :rdea:·of freedom, and reuSt, -therefore," first be- realiied·---in. · .

. .!j;;,:_:r ·,.:..·:·'"~·:.....:~. ~;:!":;•,.· ,·,:_'"'-'..!. ··.-.:· -; .. _~;:.:-.., .~.,~- ·• ~-~--::::··:-:·"~-=~ ,-:;_:; ::-~~·-:<.:·""L ._;·: - · ··.-- ·· ~3:n, aqt_ua:J.. _fnaterial.·.way--~ :; , we. f!lUst--be_ specif'il-: S.nd_· shout·. ptit:.loud .. ·.~

·~~•"''"•'_-' .•-,1:~; •. : .. ,·, .. c-.-_~-'-·•-• :.-':- ·-.--;:·:-_._.-~_.: .. -,_.T, :-;- ·:-·;_- __ ,-:- _);.:!::·',\' ~;:.:·_ ::,:';::!" >_:::.·:··,"~;----;;·:;:;.:., •:! -who _.;th~_ :f_or_9e~~ ·pf~; r_evolut1on-~·are ;"~-~-What :the~~R'eason .of revolU.tign ._,_

:·--'•'-'-:-; :_:_,_.! .:_":'-~-'~·.,,.·.· .:.-;.-::; ~:.:<:·-:~~-~-·-; :';~·_.;;, -~,:;-;;-- j-_.--; _;\·:-:-t>- r.;1· --_:_,<·.(·'- :.'(~:": ... -_:.. .. - ll~::~d:. how w~. ~an·achieve_.i'reedom. _I, said· Marx, say-: it- is. the pro..;·.' . -- ;.-,·.:• .. - .-.~-'-~. ·-'·"~' .. ~ .\·'. ~ -:··-\· .. ,:,;_·---.,_, t~··.-~("'·,·'• v·· .:--'••r·"'•'_-~.--.· .. "'-~-.--.-.-.,,·•;_, __

· l.~e\.~~r~~-· .. }Jeca~_se"_~i)-~;v: :?r~ _at ·the 'point 'ai proaUCtfoi-i' _-w,~_~re.-:·.al_~:-~- _ ·. -_-"tni~~i.?f~~~-~?~~,~~~t~~~~:-.- }_:- ._,::za~·_:-~~H~t; -~~-,-~~~$j~·~:; ~-~e·_· fr~~~iJ~n-~·i.: ·-;;~~ .. \: -w~:~,~-- -~_;. cause .. the~ wl:lole. capitalist. Wo.rld .to -.tremble, we-_ rieed_ to ,J.U.).i'.urJ_· _a

• --·· -···-- '"" --~-- •.. ·--- ._ ·.-.: -.1-' ... ·1-•' ;-.;-:"' ,._,,:_,_:, -~---··.···.'"···;_·-:- ••·•

to~t-~1l:Y: !l..e~yt_:· rbanner..,cf'.~_phi:Losophy_.~S:. y;ell- as·_-pf'_··revO::iU:t'~orl". ': A~~~--t)le ph~~~~~~,ph;f· of: r~v~.l~t'i?11 _·-"now_-_;·-~:~. -tp~i-. ·i~ ~-;: 'aft~r-· -~~~ ~-~?:~~ge?~_S}e_~·i,1~s._. :: .. betrayed, us in,,this l848-,9,,Revolution, and it, is necessary to depend only-o;; ~;; ~wn forc~s, Tmu~t ,be, :'REvOLuTION· Itl l?ERi.iAriENCE. :. , · (J\ddress

~-·- -- '"• .... ··-----~-·· ~- --·•' ,, .- •• ,·, '< • ,.- -.

to: the Communist- League, 185,0) .. _ .. , __ ~-· .. ·_, •.-.-T<~·-C.::..,..-.• -~'""-'-~ .~. _,_,, _._,_,_.' .-.. -:...'!.:, ---··----·-· '•o''

·:.1;~ . ;-f •. ~~~; :'';~·'.)~-. ... i'.·· - ·.t::.~·-•_t·: .-. '.. ·-··· '. . ;.. .-, , ... ·--This.- revo1\ltion __ in. permanence ,,.,he· .continued-, _is n9t. the_. -~ . --·· ·-· ·- .. ' --· .... -· ,_, ·-- ... -.- ,' ,_, .- ;.---······· :. ___ , .. _

generali:tY_~ it ;was_ in-.1?89-9:3• __ ,.This.revolution_. in .permanenc;e._,_is op .. ·_ th;·b~~is ~f~ ~heB~ .. ~~~~- .f.or_~~~·.'~f. ~e~O.luti~l~-~- ~d ... t~is.- -~,~w." ~hiios~Ph_y o:f -~~va·l~ti~n- .I. ~~fu~l~d i-n- the': c·~·m~u~i·s't M~if~·st'~ -d~alt ~i-th ,a_-,_·,~ . . '. • .. - - .,._. •' ,) ... ,_ ' _- ' ·--·

total--~~pp~o:ting:: qfr th¢_. 9ld, a· _to.tal, cr.fJation of .. _.the::_ 1"!-e\v, .... shO\ving not only~ What_~ ·we· .. jark~ ·a~ain~t~:::~~t. \~hat: ~e·---~-;~--·:-f~:r"-; . In'_it ~-w~rd; .. <even -though_. We h~~~ ,n~:y;~ ~h~'iie·n~d: 1o·t .. Oni~~-th_~_~, ~·~d·~.- ~f: pr:odU~_.ii:~_ri~.b~t:.~-lso the form of' the f~il~: a~d: dug- fnto the~ fll~dame;,tai r~i~tl~n~hh of marl/ wo'~i~-,' 'we: m~uSt~ g6'. fur·t·he~-: int·~::_th~-- ~liai~:~ti·c··; ~-f~ 'r~~iJ.-tio:li?, i: e. ii1t6:_ ~~~-he:: d.tai'~c·t.ic -. rif:: -~e.gati vi ty ~s·- i;h~ --~6~ii1~: ~~d:· Cre·~ti~B: :prir .....

• ' :·. • - -_ ~.:.-:- : j •

ciple" of- Hegelian philosophy. (Cri tigue of' the Hegelian Dialectic, 1844 )' : .. c.<.;, C'","" cc>C • · .

. Internationalism is not telling. ~_the7,--· nations. y.oha:t;:-,to: d.9.~

-'rt' iS soli4<u'izing,and f+aternizinp.-_ with. tho_se -.sent to shpo_t -you-and ·h~Vi~~g_:_ ihe;;;· tui-~ ~h-e1r: g·l.lfls -~~::their -~·~n-- -~t-iic~r-~ __ ;:T _· 'f'ina1ly •. in vcr~~ :::e:irl~::·.-t~o--. i~st·- --~'~i~- of: M~~-::.~ ··th~.:· i8ai ··p;ef~~o- ··tO' ·th·~-. Rus~i_cln edition of' the Gommu~i~t i1iani.1e st~ ::. th~t perm,;.~erii: ~~vcilutio,:, 'get~ spelled o;.,t on a ~till higher level ~:.: that' i~/internatlo~ally 'as'

. Vieii~-- as h~t-idf1~11Y·~: -:it 'is;·. ther~--- that· it --i~. cC:mCrciti.'z"ed a·a~ the reiat:i~·hship between technol8;rically ad;,nnccd e:nd' tecimologically back

-:-----:w~:d countries -- i.e. that backward Russia could hayc its revolu-

-)-

•. ;-·~-'--- : ·:;·;,·.' \/' , ... ~ •. , - -~ -~· "-' - ••• - -. -t ' _ ~J.on -~e-ad ;O"!_ ."Wes~ Europe .. -- -proVided ,_c 1) the revolution. is acCOr,l-

.pliSh'e:d.· ~ithin \h·e! :cO·rit~eXt' --o~£,·E·m::o~pean· i-CV~lutl.O·n .. ~·J-: ·a:rtd -.~·t)·~·th·e-, rie~--~-,; . ,;!':·;-~:< -'~,r~::-·':-'-}:: ..,-.,~; ,;·::-·~~->~,.,,._, .. - "~----~- .... ,·-~---·-·-·· (-·'· ,.;~r· .. -".~ >~"' _ .. ,-··- . . ·.,:- -~- , ..•

f'orces,- in this case· the "'pe·asant ·commune·s, are· never· OUt o:f·-Co:lltext' :..·-. -·';,:. ,-;;-:~-_;;:J,_,:~~·;·_.:·~-'1·· i'--i · -~>-i·' +., ·1• .• .-.;., -,"-·<·.- ·-~--··-·.,,·;.r; .. ." .. '. .. _ ..... ·,_" .-· of'- both internatJ.ori.alism and ··dialeCticer ·of· J.iberation~-'-l. ·The· Idea···is· -.

·-.. th~:\~'6~-e~:~-:ii~ci-~J·s~·:·it ~i~~--'68~C:fe't·e~ •. --. i:.t- iS) tOt8.I'; :j.t:·:·i·s· ffiUl't'i_~-dinren-··~..,_,'? _. · siOriai; --and- ·at· no tim~'-.l"fs' ;th:e··-·rr?diVIdtiEi.i- .. ·~m~d~-_'.)tir:;f··':to?tari·~·~rid- t~e ~} ,·-

·:--,-,_~~~:].:;.>-_i:r.;;:~-?~on;~~-~~-]-~_. ". _._ ·--. -~a~.h~r ~- __ l~t ti~. n:::.r :~~~e~-~-~-~-~·~,~rinciple: :.~-~~.e -~ndi:'{i~ual~· is"the 'social 'e'ntity"· and society'·mueit"'never. agai:fl b-e_·'co·unter-poseci :--:to ·the <r~~iVidtiai~- .- ;; :· _: -~-' ~ ·- '~-i.-J ,:

·- -.:.·: -\~:'.'---!·)·.:.: '.---~~.. ·. .... t>' : ... · :·:..::_:;:·

II' r_,

·,,.:MarX had Spent .something. like 4-5 volumes_.·in -expressing

his 'thO"ile'..htG~-: iri- Participating ill:~'revolutions,- in .leayiz:lg a: i~-gEl:CY:·-~-· that···was -·th·e ver:j'opposi te _. 6t ·an heirlc":''m• -~In'Stea~, . the __ . ri~V( _ c~nt~~·:-. ·n~nt··-.Of',.thoU'gh1;1;becarile :the groUnd_.:.i'or.·ull future!. reyol~tio~S: that wollld~:be·-·:f'i1.led, out anew with· ~ver::-riqher cqQcr.e:te- .. and _w~ th ~.ev'~;r-~

greater f'orCes -- men, wOmen, ~hildren .of·~ all·: c'Olors-, races, nations. . ·-· ' , - . ' L- •

-~--'~ un~il.-. w.e'_ finally,,have~ ach_ieved ~hc;t. type :·of_ to~al: __ rzvo_lution and . : :th~~:- typ_~_-; ~f·~ t,o.~~-~"'~p~~·o_tine·~·:·· -~~~-~-~,iY ~~- :.~n~e_'_~~~~ ~o~-~···Pf~p~~~~,. __ . "fa~--~ .

more_: serious, ... ~as mo~~~ experi~nCe'd .. _to, he_.lp' ·cre?-te'-;:luc.h'' a· tOtk.l'r~vo.:..

-- r <-, - .•,·.·~ ""-.

_,. ·· ·_-· ··--~• ,1 ·-·~··' ·;_;- .. ::.-.;..' i:-.o.··.· -fl··+·--~- ;·. '": .. : .. \ _,· ·~.-.:;.;~.'- ~--,~;(

lutiOn than ·those who -had "made" the· 1905 Revolution -- Len~nj .. LuXen:1-·

blJ:rg; ~d .. ~~o-~_.sky.; ,~~~;·_Y_r:.t. }~-~~_,._yet,_.and-:y_e_~:;;~~-~ l;;".•,-)-; ,-.,,~-.; ,_,_ ···.-; .,._. -··

Celnes -World· War~: I, --a.~d- ,the: __ S'hOcJ<-· _oY'-.'· t-he:· _sim'Ul tanei ~· of'

·i~P~~;ia:li.:~·t-~ ~~i-.. _ hnd·7~-'t¥o-hi'~iik:t ·.'-b~i£rkY~i .-is· sO ·eve·t~whel:i:ihg·. that one - -.--·< -' > •· -••• • ~ ·~•• • , ·.•· .·.~;~.: :::.· ... ~._ ... _ ·-,_ ·_ ··:··,'--f_ ;.:·~r.~ :', ·:·;·-· ·

and· ·Only: one.·-·;.....; ~~nin·· .;.._~---.says, if ·I·_I._c_o.uld·; ha:ve,1 b~_~n _sq. m,isl_ed and cbh~idere'd that-' b9t~~~er·,? Kaut.Slcy:.' m'"f/ ·t·eache'!:-·;·• Some·thingY is :al t6-

, : ·--i• ,_- ·- ~ "''-~ . ' . :. ·;.-:.,~~_;::-,·~.,.-- '•. ·, •. :· ____ , . ' -' -geT.her wrong with !!!:'f. way. pf think~ng·. --And; wl)ile ·I ,will• np.t. stop

shouting_:/'down. with the war, -- :t_urn _the im~_eriali_st _war into civil war, .. ;:[ ~-i\:l":-~e~~~~-~-~a-in_.be s8.tiSfiC~\vith the~;:;,~Orr~ci' a~a:iy~isn

'' '' .,, ~ .... -, .._,·. ~ - ~-: ··, :::·. ·::.:-.;, :';;-_.;·:-~;'.·:;·-··_:·.:" --: --.,,.- '," -, .. ,_-, of n political situation without first_ digging into Hegelian.dia-

·. lS:c1-iiC~~-::: .. It;:cOtilrt h·~t~--haV~7· PO~SSib~Iy·;.-be{en ·an·-·accidoht -that' Mn:r:x, _·; ~ -M·O:~~· ~::~t~xiorri/--WB:s ~rc;~te~{-iri --He.{iol· --~:..·- ·arid~~·:eter .. helVing' .. brokGil. ·with:~ t-ha1.-, hk. re·tuJ::.n·Sd\ to= ·deVSlOP ,_ Hegel::i.arl .di8.l.ec·t1Cs ·into· the Milrxi'rin:-: dia.le-cti.~-. · ·An'd··-sa- tt{i·o·,.gr'Sa!t/ r'eVbltitionO:·r:Y, ·Lenin,' sPent his· dny-o·.:

iri .. ·the. libre.rY~ .. ~tud~/iriri' .. HCgCl·,;::; ScicYtCC -~of·-LOriiC, ·and· -his even'ingsp~~PB.tini f~r;~roVolUtiOtl·. ~--- .,, --. .-); ·

72•10

~~-r -~4-

·->•,;··.'.)i,i ,- •• ~ What. ;did .. Luxemburg and -Tro:tslcy do? TheY Surely. were. as . ••.. -_, ••• __ , v,•._ .·.-; '·"" _. ~-.. o.:.::.:~-. .;.:; ........ ' _,_- ,·.:.•.;· -._-,., __ , .•. _J.' .;,_··· •. :-. _,·;r __ .,L-'

r~~,oJ.ut_i~nary ~-!3-S, Lenin_ •... _ ,They Surely_ opposed th~ irnJ:1_eri~_list __ war,.-- ._-~ -· - Tl)ey su~~l;· "!;~~ .tr;·i~ ;t~ pr,ep~i!f~r. i~:_,;1'~tic7;, : But.'wiii;o.it''fhai·:

. r'!<!d~~·-;_,q_~_ ::~~il~?.C~-~~~,~~-:-~~~t >~~~-~-... '~~~·-_,<?i~_'i'~§·: ~h~~d -:i~:-,·-~~i~~~.S-~~e -~~~ ::~~~:~--~ :: caus~_-_,_Lu?=_em~urg. }).as ·.-no _.par.t_Y- on _._th~~ _-Sc~nfi .. ':.fO_da:y~·.)JUt ___ Tl:-Ot_G_icy~- dOe'S ~- _'_ · · it_is g·~ T;qt~~i~m:.t·h~t-.i .~iil ~~w .con~"'e·~t~~te._·_.:: ----~- ·.:·.'··.· . -:c!:-- __ ,,:_;

~ • ••; I ·- ' - < 0 J.. ! '• ' ,_:·.< ;; ·.:·~

: ~~ -~--' :: ~ ~-:~~ro~~~~:·~·;~terposed his .siog" B.n -._"-peace·-~ w~ ~hq\i:( ann~-~~ti6'~~ 11 , ···- ' ' ' .. . ., _ :.' _-_,,,_ i·t"'".r :: :· ~ ;·_-t., ;,··· '--· :- •::·--t ".

and "mobilizing the· proletariat for_ a .. s:tL:uggle I~or ·peac~" ·tO ·_Lenin'.,~ ,. slog~· "turn. the inlperlali-st war i~t~' .. :~l.Vi:( w~"-.w~ich -~r~_t-~k;,··~~- '- ~jected. What was-~even ~orse ·was Trotsl\.y~ s "l .. ejection of· Lenin's st~tement. th8.-:.: the defeat of your own country is the lesser evil.·

·, :::~-~!J.--·coiifess :-.th~t:· ·;laving .had-'a · .. very -warm_: spot for ~ro:t;sky

and: he . did meB.ri ·a.: ._;reat -·de8.l :riat~-onlY for 'my: recrg~i~a1=i911-:: ~u~ rot-:"> the gehera:tio_h_-·that .·had·.·to-·:confrorit '.Stal.in.:·~'"7·.:..the.re were:- certf:!,~n expressions' in thos"e· years 1914-1917,:that I :ju<;t oo~ldn' t. ge,t_ mys_e:L_f to qUOte. J~Thi·S::oppOsi tion tO<witnti.ng:.the · d~feat of .. oile~ .. s_:. 9W~·f; caul).:-.: 'try .. •Wa.S sUch-,cin·eXpi-ession..!..f··· --:..~- ,:E,·:,· ~-:.:· -:·/; ··:-:·~ · .. ::--~

l, •• , __ - ., : i.iSt.r-m."~ to -~r~tsk:Y,:bn- th~ R·u·ssidn: rnte!-n8.ti6naii·Sts:- ti-Ying··

t~·,:~chieve··_a-uni iy'~ f{~st'" ~ .. i~r--hrs·_; PeaCE{ ~iogat{ whiCh~ L~"ili'rt"~ rejCC·ted, ~~-1~-~-r,h-~~~ ~~ _Le~-\i~' s. ~iC;gan'- ~hich· T~bi~'kY"!'re.jec·ted·~~ ;··Here ~-i-s:- Wh:~t ,.,, l~e··s'B.id;-~- · -__ :_ ······- --:.: ~~~;· ".>:-.·;· :-:;~,l ., .. __ ,

"Under no COndl'tion ··Can-=-t=-' a~r-ee' Wi'th ·yOur' opi'i-liC)n,"-' WhiCh -; is el}lpha!3ized by A. resolution, that. Russia'-S defeat would be-' ri'.·'·l·esser:. evil' • · ·:.Th5.s·· opinion:~ represents a -_-fundamantal conniyn~c-~,. .. wi:~h the politica.J.:; m~tho_do).p_c;y __ p;f so,cia~. p_a:t:ri<?_:t:isrn·; a connivance ior_.which· there--is no reason· or· JUGtff'ica-

~- tion'''a'iid WhiCh sUbsti·tuteS B.h orienta-tion •.·( ex-trelf\ely, ar_bi:-;._. _ ~:;_ :: tr~ry.: ut:tdc_r.,.pr~sent .. c9n~~ t_ipns), _alonf! .. -tJfA __ l_in~_ §~ ,a-~~ le~s-~;-:_

. , ev~l' . for .the. revolutloriary ·struggle against war end the . · · condi tioris· which' genera.:tedi. thi·s war •. ~'-- - · · :--

' /.:r" am qu;ting 'thi~ t'r~~ The "ilolshcvil-:s and' the Vlorld War·. by ai>.ri!tinand F:!.shar'. (st~,.;:r"aid 'irh.ivi.rriity ?ressl' 1940, p'.l?o ). r·

., ·· · · - ·'· __ ~_._-:··.r;: :_,;·,_: t __ , ;,,f __ ·:-.-- ·:_r1 i: _·_::·. _.,.-_ :·.~-: , __ -.--.:-·~~ _ ,_-_, fir:s;t· r~ad .. it. _in Russian in .~:C'o:ts.ky.'_s. own .. wo:rk• \'lar and 'Revolution, The--Fall· or. the Gecon.d---i~t~~~."-ti~·~~l ~-~d ·t·h~ Pr~PR.t:-ntiOrl.--or ~tlle .. Th'ird:,· first PUbl.\~hed in Moscow -in· 192}1;.-._.We_ muGt _rem~~bcr,·.:h~~ci~·er·~·-:thrit:.. the period ~>~?Vered is i914~1917J. that, Trots~y';, speci:!i~ arti_cle:. '. • from which l:.\11uoto .above was dutod P,."r.l~, Oct. 14, 1915. Tl\!lt nr-

' "ticle was part , of v;hat tho-se "Marxists who hnd_:·n.ot .botray"d. and ~h .. ci, ~ _, . 7241:

~-;

--5-

tried ·_tq_·r,~cpnstitu~.e~ ~hel)lSe.lves. in:t~rn_a1;~qn8.lly/., not. pn~ tpe :)_asi~---~~ -·•··· •-··-· •• • ,_;;, •.• c ":;, .. ;,.- ~...._. •. '.-r.·.-,;__-,"..:.· ",;', ·'\..:...•.~ •.• '·•;;(' ,.:-,~-~;;.<.:'· . .!

of -:~\nif!_!_~- ;r-eypJ.,1,.r:t~9n?-cy .s_~ruggl_e_. <?.t: . .''tur.n_ tb,~ ~~npe_rJ~l-~-~:t., !;~_E .. ~!!~.0.; ·:-

~c_ ~ yi -~ · ~¥' ':,!.: : P,~~--:?~~ ~~~;~-s~-~--~ ---~-:~--~.f3~E·~~f~-~ {?~~J ~~~-~-~ e.'.':.-;~~~.J!t?~~/.:}-J}i~{:-~:~;;-_;~- ·. Tr.o,tsky; was; speaking ,i.n. su~h. gene_ral_ terms_ t:ha.t_· he_ opposed -the naming --- _._. ··- •· :,. --~'--~-· .• ·.:·' '" ,.,-_;.--<" ........ v~:;.C::t.·.:~,. ;,--:~_ .. : ... -.. !'~ _._.-.,_ ,_._ ..... , 'i~- . .. ,, --•

-of .. -.Liebkn_e_~h~- specificB.lly, saying:· ."Such a personif'i·c-ation·_: o:f-~ tac·-:-. -' · - · -'-· .. : •.-•'--' ~·c.·c·.: .• , -·,-·.·. ··--" 1 ,.: •'·-' .-'."'" _ •. :; ,,.:·i_;\: ,-·_; __ ;~·,;: ;·._.~_,;\-.;o)i •· •. ::.r

ti_9~}-... __ ~v~-?-~~1'~~11-__.s" .ca:~f'o~ming_, to G.e;"_!ll~rr _c_on.fiJ;~i.?ps....,._?-1£>,1"!~ •--· ~a~. -.~n~P.-:-.. -. _ ._-,· .. __ ....... _. -'····· .• ~.( ... ···- ___ . ._, _ ... · ...• "'.r ..... --~ -'-··.·•·'- .• _ .-_-.< __ " .• ,._,_

· propr.iatC_.,in· ,.the given. do-cument.· __ Upon .:the.- insis_tence: of'_. the·-·w;:n~e ---.. _. · .. --- .-, .. ···.:.' -... , _____ .,_ ··-_. ... _-.- .. <·,-.. ;< .• --·.·- -·.--- -._.: --.. ::, :,:~ -~; •• --,~-;~,::)..--.:c:;~\, .. <::.:.·,- _ _ c.orn~_iss-ion, it was. withdrawri.t .. This, is-.. why _such -p_seudo-up.iy_e;--E?c:.~i-!=im

·-····:·,·;·• • .. ,- .... : •• -·'· <..; ..... _; __ , •••• ·~·-;,_,_~,~- ,,;,·,;:.J~ •. ;.c;r;,,•·..._

!~~ tpe.~ ... ~~;y~-~~-o-,:sk~P .. -9v~~ __ co_ncr;_e~~ r.~~l~-z~~ipps .~"!.c. 'fP:..~~~?f-1:.-;.- -~::-~-i-~:!-.!1.-J~ · -~i~s. 1~19._;;Intr~.ductio_.n, · .. Tr{_'ltsky_ .. streSse.d __ :_the .i~~ern?-:Ci_op_~.i~~- ~~~- :r:~~ pea tea that' .. ::The !o~cll r~v~lutio~ liquid~t~d· :thas;, ,difforeri~.e~~ "] •'' ,, , ..... --·-· ..... · .. •."·--~--- :. ' - . --- ' '·- -- · .. : -- ." .:.·. _'_ . .-.: t:·._;<·~·.:

.. · - ·' ·; ·~-· :·,,··;- .-• .. ~ ., -'.<tL'~.;

BUT. THAT: IS NOT TRUE. THEORETICAl. DIFFERENCES ARE NOT --· _, ,-" - ·;: "-~- .. -- _,. "LIQUIDATED" JUST BECAUSE, IN FACT, YOU ARE A REVOLU'IIONARY.. Qu'i to

"'· ' ,, , ,.> ; .' ',C_.c < ', ,.,,, , •,•','! •;,~:.--:,;;:• ,·; c'<:--< 0 ,',•

the -_q~n.~rary_. ;On~e tpe hea_t 6£:. the, bat-tl_e di~s, :the d~Y~_!ltion~~-f_;--_pm Marxism; first c~~e;..tq: pl~g~i _;rou._,,. ~. :··-··-- , -~ :::. ·- .. ' --· ~·-~-

The· truth is that the theoretical· dif':fcil-ence reappears '· in a. most horrible form exactlv wh'en the next new, 'objective si tua·.:.

tion ·~fses~;. ·y·~ii"~m.lst·.t"tl~n·-dig= :tO'_Z.·: he·w PhLL'OSOPh~ic __ aep_th __ -- 9n ~~~ baSiS '~i- th·~··higl~le·st; th··earo:efri·: ~-a·:well. -as·· ~:r~ctiiil'l Poiri1.iJ<·,laSt. ·reaCh-

.. . -- ; t ' .• _.- ; • .- ' : .. ,-, ' .. - '~ :: ' ,_ -' .,.; , -_ "•, . ' ' . ' . . ' . c. . ' ' " ~ ' ed~ r:r,· ip.Stead, ydu' renlain without· a philosophi.::· ru"dder, ·the--sup.:.·: ·, ~- _· __ ;--- :--, ---·~__._ -~·c_. - -, ·.'-_ . _.; _,. .. .- ....... ,; . ..; .-_:. .• _ .•• --··."·:·"··; - ,. ---·.;;~ ....... -. -.-pOSedly "correct" _po1.itical ·anal~ sis ·be·comeEf, :i.f'-·not Outright 'counter-re_Y:O'luti'on, 'de:rillit_~:iy ·no :mo~·e' th:nn taii.;.eridiSm.·' . ,- Tliat'':wa:s .. true··"'":": ~f -T~otskY in l905·. . It wa~n''t t,;\le' in: '1917 oi:.iy~ .b'ec.ause 'the' orie''he' tl'i~~-- tai'lehde·d -~~s 't~nin.· Bitt it; became~ d~ne·erd\l~-ly- 'tfrue- i-n ''Our'_:e·ra as _air'·,tli~ oppo.i1 tion ami-great fights again'st Stalinism 'led· ·on1.y <·' to .. t~ilending Stalin once World Wnr ·r! bi'~.k~ 'Out'• · ,:,

.'· __ ·. .,~. ~:; ';'·v::

III

Perhaps, I shouldn'.t have naked .oJ.1ly .what is. philosophy?, whnt is revolution?,, but also: wh~_t,is nnti~~m:rcdalis;n? p.o~s' th~·c takin;: . . "i low-level pers?nnol ,from the .. u; s .. Embassy h1 :reheran and desi~nating th~m as CIA agento • shake. \lP. tha.'An;erican einpire"? ·'The truth is that neither Khomelni nor those 'otuden:ts, 'co;,ii!' 'hnve helped

.Certor mot·o in achiev'ing higher. popular'ity tha,n that allegedly nntiimporinlist net, - thereby d,;ni.ni> th;' mnsa st~u~;&:l~ ,:·~ai.~st' .!Ci;".'

-·· _;;, . ..,t)4') ... '·'.. ,.._.

. - .~. .

.-6-

ca~ll·rig -,cihes-~'i:f'~_ -;{~_ ·~-fdiii;w·el·o·f· .th£/- :rmam;, --·do-e·~--- nc;t;_-'COil~t-ftUte~ ---~ _>,.-'- ~~ r_. ~-;;;:' ··-~··:o. :·-,cr .. ,-,~;.-,--: .,.r- .. ·" . ~; ---- .J:,-.,_.-;.;.·, ...... _. ~;,.·.~ •••..• · .. -;"'-'' --.

re .. volut~onary a·ct,_'. nO matter· how· many" time·s ·one_: repeat·s_' that_ -thiS i~ '~ntf:imP~~fairso{', ·_.NOr ·d~~s;_ ~~"e:Lf:·fl~geii'itt1o~-: _constlhtte-· __ i{··re\rblh~ t·.·:-.:-: ·.':·::: _.,_,.·,:,t-c·t---:;,...-.,-::-: ''"":t_.·- -• .. ,;:.,-· .r,_ .•.• : --~·-'·'• ·-~-· -- ,., •. --•• ...;·~-·--tl._?,~~r_y act.-_' nO,· .b1~tter' h"oW_ many ·tiine~--tho_.se_·. who .-comm~_t···i_~-:_ca;t-l;. Up~ri-the re\rol~tidna;-y yi>utii' of ·h.; u.s .• ; who. had prk~ioubly P'arti'clp;.ted. a~t~y~~lY 'in' til~- 'aritl~Sh~h! inbvement~ .::· Thiit·jcirid; _.of''PSStido ---Bnti-·im.:.t~--

.. _--P~}/i-&:ii_~~~--~ ~Ubh·' '"a~"<thri '-··t~~~~ 'df_::ho stage'S I~- -:o·p~rns ___ ~n~_~ _:new _.-e-tage __ -0":{_;·,·_-~:s

. Ife..)f,ititioh.· Reith~~";• .it .Goiti~tes'a retreat :from.tMor"i~ina'l: revo;; ~ution'ci-y pe"io'spective. It may give Khoirieini a·"red\' coloration, ah'd

_\t ;'hi:,el;\i;helps him divert from the grave new '.!i>ntradictions in I!'an -'itself, :bi.{t ·i·t-,-do·e~:;r;o·ti-i:fng''tb -s~lVe th~- irlCr~a.Sini· ·cfise·s_-'S'inCe· he: cam~--- t~ _power. ____ The hardShips on_ the masses intensif'y._, The unem-ploymen·t i's ~ie~t~.;.·, · A~d· ii~ ''is ir.i'latioh, · ·As. the She rig wu-lien i~ti_rid_-· __ o_u_t'~·., '~uf~iriltM·~~-\· a··. _c-tiftJ.r8.i RO'v~l~t-io~-i- ·Whic-h- theY- ·at · fi·r:st;: · h~h~tii;r;E{~dc;tlsed-· ·beCcl_u.se they :thoU~ht i't, irie~nt· the· :dis:P~ilceinen: · · -<?f- the· bureaucracy, ''The more thing'S _'charige·; the,_mo"re th9y remain·

·· .. -the -sam_~_·-!~·:,. [ ,_.-.·

. : -~- ·._:_ ~--·, ·q·;-~~-~~~~:-~.-~)~ ---~-~~-~ ~rr~i~{-i-~n sense~--~i' the:. ~Y~~h-e_s~~- of di;-.

. vers_!l. element~s ,into a concrete totalii.:{, w~uld ~h~w _thflt·_. __ P~ no nleans co ~n~ i.dent~liy, ·_. t~e- .o,~cupa ti~~: Of_ the: E~b~~_!SY ~c p~-~~i~e_i~.4-. ~pe .. __ ~;offiPJ:9-,---·-· - ..... -._ --- , __ . ___ ,_._ .. , .. ·.-."-•' ,,_-;

···:::tio_~ ~?f: -;t~e: counter-, rcv~lutionar~r _Cons1;i tt~:titJri. __ . Y€!s ~~ ~~>1.~::-fi!?:S.~~s, _ ---------------· - •' ' -... ' .. ,,.c -·- ·- -~:· ., ------ ·';' •' '•:· _ _t_,_.,: ,.--.,_.','-·-

are _E;_11::t_i_~~~P~.z:~a_li3t. , :bUt pta~x didn•_t.s8.y -tq~t",--j_~-~;t .. ~,..~c_a~s~~-(~,h.e: __ :·-. -~---m~!3S~fi, we:;-e _ant~..:.f'eu_dal and _the bo~geo_i~_i? .. w~S,·le_lidipg a -~~:~-~-~·~ti1o_n against .feudalism, .th~t therefore the rnas.sos should follow .the· baur-' g.;:!o_i-oi~.·· _Quite th~- c~-n-h-~ry.- _H~ so.i_d·,- ·we' w"e~e~ With th~-: bO_imge~iS.ie in that fi-rst .act· of __ over,:thi-owi.ng_ fell-dEil:ism ,_ but n'on· -~0-~~t·.- 'us· -o-~~·-·. "_Not only that, It .is high time to dcep~n and.devolo.p th<; strictl;i.

proletarian tasks •

. ;r.uxernbure und~rstood thnt very woll_) nnd applied it not ~otily_: in RUssi~ 1'0· ~n a:6t:Uai --~evoiutio'·~~ • .-,rb~t tried_-·to, ·briilg that 'al)nc~Pt_ Of' pure cla'ss strug:gie<tO Gcr~aby,' And y'et', --wh·e·n ·a· n9Vt ·obj·oc.:.; tive stage arose -~ imperlaiism -- arid dospite all iier' pruociiance oi: thnt ~x"ploitati've sta~o, aho did not work out a now unity of forC'o ·nnd rOS:son_ with riciW.:revolutionnry· f'orcea,.- tho.t is, the -t~e'\rOlu~ tionary nnti.o'naliots fighti"!i' :for sclf··de.tcrminnti~n. Lenin had to

.-

:~- ·~_l5'Ei_ern=-se:Parati~:--hirils~·if't' not -.jus:t:~f'rom :betray_ers ·:o:f ::.the. 'Yo~_k~~~; ;{1 . bUt''- :r~Om .-~r~v6l'liti'driari:-es ~~who;: would ·:·not·:~see: ·the •_ne_w ::cQncr.e.:t'e ~-.iWl}~~qe:C thci t ·.~wa a· Fa :;·new: r eVO"lU-fi'orlary)~forC~.~·i'n. ·a: no ther _, co ur..try-.~at)·r_hi ?. i:OW.~-_. ·~(.: What 'l1e :·~naar ~fea:rned•·:rr.om. th~r..~Hegelian ... dialee:tic;~tha:t,; m8.de-::him.-.sO-_..: ;. . ·.•r ·-·.-· '• .· .·_, •- -_·· -.-- __ ..,~·-·-·•"'-·" Sharp::.agaidS't liis ~oWn EolSheVik~:co:llea.gues.~was·.~:t{lat. ·Q.y.e_~~prgw.,_r::f~:r§t n~giitfV~ t_Y

1 V.W:is-i·no.t enOughj· ~ thB.:t .. ·.you:-_muS.t·'i1now-.-~~e ,"i:tha"t;~-Count~F;r~Yr:>

·1Uti:6n~:~ca.niarise. :riofu<-Wit-hin.: the'.·:-rev61ution-~ i tSe3:.f-•-~~ :J"r:::;;. ~,t;,- ~·-·. :·1'~:h-~, ,·,o,·.;· ·'.'f :_;.? r!: .. - L:,\·• ··" · •• •. ,·_.·,· , ,,-,,~"·•'· _·_, •. _,. 1 • -· ... : • · .-- - - -: . - " . ' . ~ -- ·: {." .~,! : ' . -r: .:-,~--

' ;:- ~;£·j· ,:-;- .: :-",:Tfii·S·> arid this·· alone: mB.de· it ~-poSsib~~'-'rl~t~·:tO·~_Sto.y) a:t~ ov~J:::-:. th£-0~-~ 0:(' Tsar·r~ffi-~-ciiid- bourg;60iS·.·democracy.:.caJ.li'nf! i-t~el.f'-,_-~···soc-ial:-is;t.~ ,·

~;::;:th'6Uffh ·-1;:·he·a:d·ea ··.'b:r·a..- -so:..Called··. Sab:ialiSt, -~Ker.erisky; .: and~.-.eVen_. SuPp~/rted by:' g'Si1.Uin·e~: reVOlU.ti·on:arieS-• .. · =;-;rust .. as·:-naWi·:-the ·-Trotsk-yists- thin~:.: tha·to~th'ey ·are _.,.the: true···revol.Utibharia·s -i~;J:ran because·. they:-hy-phen

_ate the"!· name Khomeini • Wi :t.n· · BaZB.rgan·. and: thuS talk· a'r;ainstr- ca~_i ~al.ist ·goVernment, .as well. as outshout anyOne el.se in an-ti-imperialist ~J..oganS, ·--~o-- di.·d ~the': Bol-shevi·ks·· bef'ore--'·l.lenih .. re.turried :.._to,~ Russia think t_h·a~ th'~·y: ¥if:~re-· Pushing·· 'the: r-evo-lutiOii.'> ~orwa~d·. by -their :t::r_i tl;cal su~ pOrt: ~f-:·KE:rE:-enSkY~ ... It-· b'e~cOmes· -iinp8rative·, ··th9re'fo_re ,: -to~· .take· a>·.-:::

-s-e~·~n~f'~lOCik,, a-t~, these·-.·stiirle·s-i-: FEibr'tiary to.~ __ :Apri-1~;"_-_·-~_:Ap~:i:l;·:_ ~o;:.l,\¥.l_~J-:.:~:·~~

J.uly::Aug\i'st 'full.·coUhter"-revolu.tion;:U October·. ;·'As: Rcon· aa,,the c;·. ,. \ .. : .-~ -1 - ..... . _, ---. --- -· • -_ ' - -· ··over-thrOw ·of the''Tsar·-·ocCUrs,-· arid·· while---this: great:,: .. histo;-ic.,--_. ,spo_n- · :tarieOUs"'--o-ti.ttU:b-;s·t-.. ·a'hie;i'e~F what··no- ·FS.rt~i ·;....·-~-BQlshevik~:·oro .otherWi.ae-~·--

."'.' .-- ,J _, -, : ; -. - t - . • ' . • -- - - ' c:ould achieve,' tlnd ··thoUgh it. waa· unanticipa·ted. ·by _L.~!),tn,::he~ by. no~· ·m-ean·s·:·ye·t-"'eUph·arrn· ·av-fjrr'un!·hi:m'. -·Qu'ite· :-clie contrary.::_;-: He-:had ~3:1~ ..-.~

,j ·reiidy 'grappled' wi tli' 'th<{ 'lle;relian dialectl'c 1 "he had· already anal.yzed t'he·~ .. ne·w· s·t~ge o:f 'i'rr;lperiali·sm·;·-not-, ju-st:·oct~riomiCally_ .but~ sEH~lnS-· .. new• fo~rc·e·s··:c:r-·revolutiOh'(· and· he~ alr.E!e.cly- ·be'g'an·.-t·o work .out·,who.t __ bocm~e

S'ttit9 atid :RAVoltiiio~'t :t.lult is -tC1 :say,-, h·avO ·,the· pa·rspectiv.e ·af_ :riO't·-:_ Ori.lY~-:o:rcrthrow.:bUt'· the' tote.l-·uprootin'g·,; ·so thS:t only~.:when production

and 'tho' state w·oul·d be in ''the hands of' the whole· .popula-,;ion "to a man;· ·vtvmnn', .-,anct- .. cih'ild !~ :'Would. it ba o. noo:t'-~ soci'e:ty.. -'~ -..

. . '"

Cl~a.rly, whon ho nrrivad in RU~Si8: iri April',· 1917, '{twas not J.90S ~l~gans -- eithor his or Trot's]cy' a:·-__:that .·lie w.iri repea'tl.ng •

.. ·-- ~ ··-.·-. •- ,·.·:·, .--.-.···- ·~v· - .. -, -..... "., , .. , . ., , _-:;. _,,-. r Rather,_ it was reorganizing hie whole- Pnrty on'the cohcoption of''· state .;.;.,d. Revcil~ti~;,·, · Once t!ia:·t'becnmo ··tho basis io~ 1.\ll the ac'ti.~ vitioc of the Party ... _'-th:ore ~'n'a' ~o·;~~~vnr·ni/ing. -thll<~o;~·i,\t~fari" .. -rrd~~-thO'

... : ;_; ~~ .- 7244

-8-

philUS~pli~l u:r.~~revolutto·n:-·:.::'!Bu,t~~the ;.....;_sses "Yanted;to ~gQ:- s.~i:~~.::'f!l!:"tl.!~r.

·:di~~C{tl.y_ -'to--=th'e·_::conqueSt of--·:: power;- C.., they,\iuridErt•e.s~ima~ed -.. th.e i.-i_:o~r_cf:t_ ~-~; atiJ._:~,::in. i-J)oWer -,.:·.:and ~:i_t--=wa:s,·.the :·:Oeginni:~g -~~-:r ::~1~ :the c,cqYnt~r:-::r:e.-,;t'~ ~7-_tioiia.ryJ.ffiov8s:~:that -:~still~~paSScd,_-cttiemselVe·s. o.ff:,aS---_:·r~VO~uij.,_qri.l;,;at;~;:r,:-.

~· CUS~ng'~L~riiri·:-·c;:r Dei!flg:c-a .. ·Geriii~ · .. spy :~arid ,-s~y ing . :that::. i ~ -~vhy.:. {J:_e :.:0~~1~4-·-ror ~:theJ end:-'oi;;~the :':war·e·:"'j_The_.t,r~lev:antr:poi~:t;;;:fOr us:-~tp 4aY t ~~~-_iih.~~-~.__~/::.-

when .outright cGiu1ter.:.revO:t.Ut:i.on";Wa_s~·.irii:tiated --.by_. 1\orhi_lov.-.sO,-'"tha.;t 1

orle_ stj_li ·had._ to. d·ef~-~d -K~·r-;~~k;~h~~--;~~~i- -i~---~hi~h ·_ i t~-~~:s _-d~~~ ~- ~ haS_',cali.::- the·r answe~s:--tae;S.inSt~·-:-t;;ailendism ~-r~ .:·.!:It:-: ~!3-~S . ;i{--. t_~~~-;-point ·:th8. 1:

-~Whether·--- it" was~!_'th~ ,·ere a ti~n\:,o:f·ra·:: revolutionary- IJ:l~~-it~Y'::. C~mr:;t~ t~f?~.~-.t~·VthiCh ,;-pe_rmi tted·- no·.::~rarisf'er-, :o:f :- g_uns;-:to;; :th~- front-~ utt_+e_.ss:_·, t[l_,~Y. ·~pp;-_o_yed . i t;:• ~z.-_;·Vthethe!-: it ~Was·~-SUCh7>.Slogans -asf "Al1--pow.er· -to.:-: the~, Soviets-, 10

,_.,,

·· o_r.-~whether.~- it· _was_ •. -. ·· .-;·~ ~~Land·,.·. Bread: and- Peac~ '.':,·.the~~- ~~s- -~~~~~~;..<::.~~ 7 wrui.:teVer· to-· cbnfuse.:·_,th~t.-~Par,ty.,w~i·~-~ ;_aD-~-: o·t~_e~·: .; : .. -. :.· ;t .; ., ·· .. : E

· . ... !·:: i-:r·,::7 .. i:.·.--~.::~.--- .. . ,.· ... l ·"'~-:': ., __ ._,_,_., :,!•)" .. ·! ,;··· •. ·,.·· --,-~\:•:1;,3

::,_: · ·-· · ·- '.:Contrast \-thi-s ,t_o __ what_,- eve,ty_()ne :from., Tr.o_tskyist :(;o Qadda:fi • • ···-·-' '4" •• ·-· ~ ·--·-· ··-~-·

··· i·s·. sayi'ng: tof blur ·tho;se ··new, gr~y~e .. c.ontrad~~t.ions. ;withi.r:t.- Iran, ;t~e-~ . - - - ' ------ ..... - , -. ' ·.- ...... '""''. divarsion'" frbm, what __ threa~ens; .: civilizaii9_n; as we have kriq~n- .. i ti-:::·:> . - . - ' - -- -· ·. ,. --. ._. ' -,. --- .. • ·-:1

nreparatiori'" .tor .atomic; war, 9add?-fi·;_and:-~o~e-~n_i:\ ~~~-,-G~!ler~:l-)~~-~- · may ·th'ink; thee- Mid(Ue East, as) they, define·.i t. will, be.- ;the gravey2-rd,,

. of'YU~ s.~ 'imp6rialisn;-.T-· Nothing .. c~uldo:P~ .4f-~th~·~- :r~~~·: -the -_-t;~th~"'~~""J.~~t - - - - ' - - . ' -· ---- . - -·· -- -· .. ' -·-.~ .. - -· . read·,; ·-please t"- •Ori.B.nna· .. Falacci_,' s. interview- with. Kliomeini in;: a .. recent . . . - . .. . --' .. .. . •, . .. ' _- . ·' ·--- ··-· ,; ,_ . -~-·.

issue_ Of the~ New'- York· Times,;:·_and __ -. t"h~.~ o.fl:~ ~Yi~.:th< __ Q~~~~-:f,?._:,-.iT::.,~h.~ 1?,~,7-, rerit ·issue : (12/~6/79) ·, · Just listen to;. that,.demagoe:)J.e, "·Qaddafi,. :t;r_y ·.

-":-to·.: .. ta.ke advantage .of' .. the; fact .that .supposedly..-~ther_e i-S·.- no:_ l?;o._ve:rru!1~nt because·.:there' ·is_ 'no ,Parlianlent,: ·and-.-SupP~.s-~dly.:i.t'- s -~ -~~-~e~_ti'y~~-~~ soc~~ty· ·beco.u.se it calls- .i ~selJ': Jamahiriya i_, \'lh;i_c~.--~~-ans. _;·a_:· -~c~~:~-~ ofipeOpla .'.11 .: • ··Is.· i. t· they who\ de.~ ide everyth~ng? > _N_o ,_;- .e.v~n ~the w.Ot:.4_•

· ·co·rnmi tt-~e, · unless -it'.".· rev:n J.,utio.nnry~ :-~ ~nd .:"h~ · ~-~r~- .~6-VOJ::ti'tfO~~¥,~: means 1total·. uprootip._g, .is not :tha-.eq~iva~en~_ ~f: __ ~.4~.st~ny__--~beipg :-.~!:, the hands of the pegplr: 1. that is _t~ say,_with -control- .of productio'n.

~ - - .. -- •''- < ~- - "

in'.tha hands of' the workers. And so must the state be in their

_. hartd~.. .To claim. that_ .there _is no 11 g_overnment 11 because there is no . Parliame~t·i; 'tO _:cl-~dni-- th~t·_ i<ho~~i~i ~~d: Qn.ddrif.i. ire_ ·., j~·et one~~-~ is_ :rantistio ., -~ ___ w~e~. You P~~~ -~~-· ~h~~ ·-;et=r~gr'cS~~i:~e. ·a_ ~io.gG ,-': everi i:f ·

.Y,o_u .~r~:_a ~~-l~~ who ~26 -~nc.e ~ r·e~_ol_\!_tio.fi~Z:y :~-~·ct. did. io0:d a·-· .. 1 :t

national reva:lutiory.. you have don'e.~ nO thin€!: but· Sllell out thh riElw" ·-

7245

-9-

--stag~ of state-capitalism.

What·-· n9~ r~t%-Ogressive stag_e are we in now; :when religion .. usurps ,also poJ.i tical ·power? First it was the Little Red-, BOok of'

Mao, .And now it'.s the. Little Gr~en Book o:f Qadda:rL · And what .. p-:rt of_ the Koran wi~l Khomeini ~_.mbody- in s~Me brief sayings that all mus-t

It is not a q~1estion that a. leader must writ~ fif_ty books, :,; --like Mar_x or Lenin·--:- and·· I'~- Sure that -Trotslcy and· Luxe'm]?urg wrote·.-_-_

-as many. It ·is a questiOn Of ·being· ·se-riOu-s< abOUt J:.cvO~Ut.i.On .and·· _ ··there :fore the ·philo sopby of-- reVolution, and ·bei..ng Z.esponsi ble, tO. his'...;

tory, :·which means men and women shaping hif:jtory. No, you ca~ot throw aut philosophy, _and indulge in slOganeering. Even- a goad··

bOW:geoiS :Philosophet', .. at least in the stage when the bOurgeoisie achieved_ its revolution, a good ·Lutheran like Hegel, who insisted

~1-1 -his. life that _he believed, had-- to stibmi t _:to tpe ·diale::c-tic di.".i.ve· -_-of'-· philosoPhy_ and "Subordina>te· religion to it.· Ali his. pr~testati'on-s _notw~thsta~_diilg-;.-;:.. und "revealed religion"· is pretty high in the sphere-of the Absolute r nothing can change the ~act that it isn't

.. :~he_--h~ghesti that ·PhiloSO-phY is. Needless to say, th~t rc~o~uti?n _ in th6-ught~-initiated by ·Hoge1ian dialectics ... was truns~f'oimed -by

Mar~~~ new COntinent- of' thought into reality. Ever-since "then no revolUtion was- succe'ss:ful· __ that wasn't grounded in a philosoPhy of'

revolution.

Every generation of Marxists Jiust work this out concretely

total crisis :r6r its own age. The makes it all the. more

fact that oUr age is in Such a

imperati've that we tailend no .state power,

Royn Dunaycvska~ra Decemter 17, 1979

.,--_

7246

-- ;_·-.

----· .. GRAVE .CONTRADiCTIONS IN THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION

.::·!'::~:'-2.-:::.._:::l :ti: ;•:•:1.::: .:-;"~ ~;:--:~· .... -,_ ,.,_·:~:-~- ··'-'~~--"':.:·::-.--·· <v~~·_,No_vemb~r~_27:t:;:t979 .:.::·_::;::;;::;::;:: •• '. _·_, .!":. l. ,_-,. .'•_(_

I .:.,, Dear. :e'rienda 1 - . ---· - ~ --· ~-... -- ~-" .:-. ~ ~ · -.~ :i.i· '""!:·.> i.:.J .cr:;

_" · Hri~Et it:, ~&t~--r-~fr th~-~-~~n ·-a~v:oiui10n: thB.t-. waJj:.~-:·and;.~:-~tU1~-:reeuma; and: deePen;._as --it is. w no. n~ ~ve~, d~spite. the co~r-;evol.utioruu;..stage no~· · _,._,_.·-:.:: --~:-;;•.-.?-'--~--~::-:_~.:-__.._,,.,'7- - ... ~-·.,.;.>_;-~~:·~r--=···-· ·· :. · ... , -. -· -. _,.· .- · - -1· ·· -- · being~-C8.l.'ried oUt _by-~e Iinam- demagOgUe ,--''Kh.omeini;, ::WhOSO~ iriaa.D.i-t.fea::. ·are ·_behlg match-. ' '•""'--:~.· '·-·':,:;·.-~~-rr,-·;1· •p-;.f.~-:,J -_-_-·:· :-~--~- .. :- ·· ·-: _ ·..••. . ·-·- .· · .-. ··": · ed by_ carter's 63.bEiz:..:..rittlL;}g' ~..:· this1 l-ioula·· b'e -tile tilna::ror ·sa.yiil{f One"'thing:-a.ndrq ·

·:·-·.- ~--- '/• - -:.:-~,--,";_-:- ,,, -:: ~ ::.'-_(·t_'. '': ---~·-: ;-·_.-,:---·. :·- ;._._; -one thmg onl.y; "A ];ll.ague on· both your houses."·· - _,. _.,,, .-.·•. " .,,_, _

_ ,, ~- ' .. ! •. ", - ,, .-::.•.l. :-~o.:~-, ,.,_ ·--·--- r·-' _,_,-, .. :.-:.·'.· ·,;,;· :-:·:.--, _ _;_!~''~-.. •;.-<~~ ;--•; ~-·c -•· ' , ,. ___ ,. ., -'-:• ,._ _ • 0:, .-. . •, . ·, -. •' , _·

-Because', · h0i--r9Vc»:; ·of' the--remembrance of'the ·:rran'ian' Revol.Ution -·as it~_~, ~--1._:·:::..-._:·:...~::l-~--· ~~· ~..,• •• ,,, i) . '· • ' " 'I''' overt_hrew the Shah's' ba.r~uS regim\3- tacked'.by u.s.-imperialism;-.·bocause o:t·the

rcm€linbranc~ o:f' 'Uo~e~~~ Liber3.ti0n'•B r~ftcia.l. tO~wear the chs:dor, cma.uenging Kho-·

m~~i ·~~-~a.-tft·cmpi; 't~ · t~-<thG ·7ti'OCk···ba:Ckwa.i:d'arLd iCd.Uce wc;rooit' ·to· a·,t•euciali~tic'·staic; ··~d.--_ li~:c~~s'o ~-ci'f'· th~ ·' c;;;r;tfuUi.$ ·&bell-iOn . of' )th~: · Kurru; -as;· Hell. as -th~- --Arab-'~ll· :workan. · . .--...-:.:--::_. --:···--, ·.····"·---·~_. .... _:-;-- .. -.... :-- ' ~-. ,. - -' : .. _, -~- -~oz:_~~l aga.iri&t IOlonie_ini~-· a1oris ·wit~ the other· !!lirioritica•:.:Sti.-uggl'Cs -·for ·sell"-d6t~rii~~i_on ( l) ·,:.;,:_-'-it' ·is \.;oCc~SaJ:.:]_-~ to' tikG'' a: 'S'oCcnd -look- cit~ tbCi neii 'iom ·.of'.-tho· r. -'•-',"''"~--:'·;: \'<.,'• r;-;• .~-.-'-. -~ •. :' -•._.. • .. ; •. _.,. ,_· ,. -,. • • - , • occ~t _wh~ch is Comiitg··out of.KhomCini's :Il:an·a.nd ·calling all otherei,·:and..-not only-·U-~S;' ·inip~~hii.~D\"-,< · '-ID'~Sod for' O:i.;.AXd" ("ttici-~ CorrllPt 'Of ;·the ca.ith~ J.--~--It 'is-.-d.rnpera-:

ti~~- t6-'ih:ri:cii~O- d~i~ctici·s.· ·ra_tti·or···t~ ·to aCii'-'On firOt~·rcactiolli :·a.a ._ifd~a.ilend.iDS KhOi~~:(t~· oPPc;~it;i:orl _to··thc ~u~s~·--·is -~onuinc- oppooitiori :to--~-nerlcrul·im~·rmi:is~;;'.~~ .

Of cou...-so thc·lotrCd of the Iranian peoplo for that butchor, -tho Shah, -~-and th·.;l}! ciPl>oeitici~'-to ·ti;s.· iopcriaiism;'irhich'lir.d p\lt•him i:1t"o poi<cr'and kopt . h-iii'\iu!~O-, ·1a --n'ot -~fil.Y -rCa~ arid-- jus.tt£ia.blc ·for -!Xarlirins, bUt'·was -~oo.l.·.a.nd:-·jUSti-. :!'iiibiO. fol: ~tho-~- Am~icAnS-<who -oou.--axpOBUd·-:the --truth 'of th~:sha.b's::-tOrturos "of

t-h~ ~izin · pco:u·e ~d_-· ~r.reased.: ih'Oir solicia.ri tj ~..nth- !rimia1i reVOlutiona.ri~a. ; ;_ Of' c~~~-'th~ cnrl.O~ Adrnin-i.Btmf.iOil -was wOu··awai-0 or· thO ·--Opposition: not· only···iD.:c

=~ but in tliis coiuii;,y to/i:rantti,g"iiny .isyluio tc'tho Shah, "and for a-llhi~o···- ·. a vory short 1-rhilo -- carter was forced to.'rosiSt·· thO ia;oasur:'Js of -NiXon; Kissin-

'--gor and David Roekof'ollcr• s Olaao !-lan.'"l.:l.tto.n Bal"'.k to bring tho S.hn.h to- tho U.s •

. -~"'~:· ''I"'' ·-'~ • :· . BUt' fOlJ.ow-ir.g tlio t\Ulo · o£' tha.t now Piod' PipOrf'Khomcin'i; a@ii:n:St "iiifidol.S" nnd

"sn.ta..~iC.'clomina.tiori" 15· Anyth~8:- but·· struggling Ott.liot:· a.Ba1nst u.-s~ :-mperie.lisin

or ~howioi sbi~~ity with tho" IrM:Inn Revolution."

---~~--- ;,· \' -- -·.· All ono hns to" do to iioo tho dogonomtion oi' tho ao-cillod Rovolutionary

Council in 1reUl io- to a·oo ·thO now "lo£t.;.Cov0rin8" givori 'by. tho oU-'"TOJlt :acting_,,~<

:foreign oocri:>tnry, Bl>ni-Sti:dr; whci"ia try;.nu; tc instituta ail" rmnian'vo::eion of" Pol 1---·

7247:-

-2-

POtism. , tieton 'tO~ the ··interview Bani-s~~ ~~t~i-~;~--~-~i'!-R~~~~ -~--r:itfo~d~·-·-~--(ll/~0/79)• "Toho:ro.n is a. monstrous !"=Sit~c city, which absorbs by itself· one~

_hB.~f <:'i' ~he ~tionai consum;ytiOn , •• wo wil1 empty it- oi eomo of' .. -it's. pcO~S~by: ··. cr_ea.tlng::·l.i:t;~e .. co~trysido-.industrla.l;and n.grlcultuxa.l. ~uction. unit.t?. 11

• . .. •:.~:-.;:._~--- - .• -~· . .::. :•-- ••. · _, __ ,._ ~-- -, __ -· .... -.. -••.• _ .:.-; .F~: -_r·:.·;·_ ~_.: •"r:·-\.'

'.•;;• :~::_~"':.:.;--;:_ \:;;;::.::L~c-t,_'V.J:-::--~~-:;---~-~c._~,_;·:~ -··~- .•. --. _ ,, 1

_ s;,:t;·: .. _ ,-·: •.. ··; ·' .. ~"-''- ;_,,, -.... -- · ... ;~ort.~e.tol.y',_:. evon-.tho more·_reoogl\izabl.e_Lcft -- .Trctekyism,-- far-from. ~oti~~: ~.-rO~~i~ti~~--~~;ti~~::),~.·~;·""~ri~~~-kb~O~~i•~---,~: (?_!~~----

, _ · •· ·-·:-··· --.-- ....... ,.,_- .. _. ', __ .. _,, :-... ,,::,-.- -~l:.J.· ..... _.,-~,._~,,~,:::·~.'~:--.~-r: . .- , ... : _,.,_, The Intorcontinontsl Pross (IP) of ll/:l9/79.a,ni+ ll/f.f>/.79 k~O!<! ~lking of.a. ''!'fel<. Upsurgo in tho ~nia.n Revolution,.". I~--c~~,~~O~~\~nii-U~~t m.PCriaift~h ~.:Kho~··_-.

mej. ·tii •S~ :Pbm.sc /'sita.ni_o..:.49~~a:t?~on'.!_. ·f.? ~ho, _a.:rr9_gant, m,~Ssago .. ~~mcini_-_~ent- t? tho equa.lly-.axroga.nt Pow, ,tolling-tho latt;,; :that :th~ wa~ 'fj;~ ;,ci.ristiD.n w'orld (ca.n) - _- .. - ~-- -· ""' ·--·~ ... '_,_,_._, -.. -, .- _ . .,.·:·.-;·,··._: • .. -•.. .-.-.-_: .:~\· .... ···:.~.:._·\< redccm·.i-tsal:f:'.~·._ia by-:fol~owing.Isl.and.c Iran's ·fight:~inst ':infidels." It ia

~ . • - -··' ... ·--· -'·.·-····'··' -·~'-•:·· ··-:·• ·,c"_, .. ·_,.' ·.-.•.·-_._. __ ..... -

-iinposSib1C not.- _t.9·.a.sk whothor .. th;~o -iafi~"!O--fl: .. Coinoidonc~ _bot.;cen ·this·_~<\ t~e. On~~ . demOcra.tic·,gcsturo. by }{homoir-~.i -·which allowod. .s~e of-. t~c, ~cd ~Pe'i:s -to roo_pP~~~-, i.-.cluding ~.(lforkor), ~he ;.~of tho .r~~-So~k':fis;t"~c;,;ke.n;··p,,;; (iir<s).

. _,,- ~-- - - . ., ~- .,_,,,.•f..•./! ;,'>_,,_,- .. ,,. ,, --_,,,'>.-.~.- !"-· Injany:.~scr_ the_ Ver:/::fix;lt. :is~u~,.-11/~7/'!9,_. ,of._~.;t.,o rroP~-.C;~_ed .~.0~~~1_'-~

·statement ·:to .1tha, PO:pe :as , ~of',. of' .11how anti~im~~~is,t·~~ .. :Kp~~in:1-, "-~S;~-~ ~- itrlh~ _

. ' '- ..... - --- "··'. ·- •J..·- '···-·, .. ·-- ·~·· (,, •• -------

more,-, cont.inued ,IP ,:~the to:DHFG -o£ .Ameri~l _hostages_. 'by; the_ :~r~uli.~.n ___ .stU~e?:~a (w:ho_,-

Go.t' _sci.; inoiden~l.1y,- cni1 .~cmsc;tv~s, "Foilo;~cr~-;·o~ -~h~--- ~~.~i. ;_,r~-~,~~~~~z~. ;~~~- ··: pooi?J.e!a. historic ,_demnd -:for politi~ .and u~o~~~~ _u;<;Ic)Xmd~Dd~--:.~~ ~-~-~1;~~---~~~.:~~~ porialism • .,-

... ~ . -:-~-~ _ .. .--:·--·In:.wha.t prolG:t:J,rian rov:olution,. exactly,_ wo.a.~l,l.e_.tnk.fn5 of .ht?a~ca : _ ~

and·~·uot~tho.·rulcrs,- but somo .:fa.ir~-.l~w ,~~~sY:~-~.0~~~1_.~ ~-~].~--~~'--~~ a.··-'£e~i~:..· - ... '- .·-- -- __ ., . · .. ",_,_. l , __ , ,·'.': .. :,__, f.•~

· ... tionary ~t.eotic?. -·Sine a . when, has _wac and. revolution .. boon made Synono::noUs? ._ Isn •.t .

it .about ~'i#imo ·tt.a-t. Hai"xiet-ro~oiution::.ric~ ~b~u.~ ~~~cini •_a -c~cil~~~ .~opcXi.£~~~ .. - . . - -- .. . - . . - - '' ' of:"wo a.ro :men .of. w.r~'-~'looldr,g forw:n"d-to IllD.rly.Nor1' for wiJD.t it it3 1· by citing_ ·

• "i ' ' ' ·-~-· •. • .,, ' • • ,_ .. '"_, ' .. • ... ••

t<hrx who wroi:.a that Na.poloon, ·tho ultima.to cOunt·a~l:oovolutionc.ry- 1 •;au~titut~ ,, - .. ' - ' ' ~ _,.. ' .. ' '.-':':

pormanoni.·- war: :for po:ana.non~ rovolutiOJ111 ? ' ... .. : ...

·:In lre.ri:~o~y·wo ha.vc.i a. dcmagoguo, Oponly ly.i.rig' thit~"u.:._!.-:p9_:::~ 4 "'.~. I ' ' •- - · -· , ' .. c.. ;,, . . • . _ , ... ~ . ;_ ·~'

and- .its. co:r;rupt. colony • Isrq.o;t~'- we::~- in~~l:yod -~ tli~.'"!:Cl:l~tion .. C?f .~h;o_ C.~~. MosquO in Ho-:oa, where no i.!'lfidt?1. -- nnd ~11 o~copt_ Musl~~- ~o_._~idQl~ .-- is ovon ':permitted to enter. Ho leapt ro:pcatinG this ·brnzon -lio ovo~- nf'tor tiia follow _

·~!ualillla, .tho Saudi ArobiWl nuthoritios, not on~v denied any u.s. Md/or Isrnoli ,' • ,. ,. ' ' -i

involvement, but showed tho.t tho-aa.crllcg~ous-act una .porpotr:::.tcd. by a. :far.atical. . -, ·- . - .. ,- ;· ..

• a oct.-. of:.tho I1uslims _whoso loo.do1.• c~a.imt?d, hJ.I:tsoJ.t!r ~o ~ tho .HoatJiah, Ev~n th\)n Khomaini nrocoodad to atroris the Big Lio 1o impa.ot vxproooing "8z-,.."'-t joy" at tl~O

''7-~"1.-4: 8 . ' ""'"'X .

:fact truit'tho'U.S."E\iiba:seyo:ili Pakistan bad been: put.· to the. torch·and:,:tw.o_:!'Jniu:i~ . killed.·--:,.··::-:. :!::~.:. :•::.:.:;.---:1 .,.:;,,r, __ ';, .•. :-; ··- ~! ·.-.- •• ••• _:, ', ~ ·.--·-~._ '• .•. . ;-::.-:: ·.: ,._.·:L "J::-::~rt·

B"'llt the Trotskyists continue with their fairy ta.J..a L~ft.ism, since they

do -&Uppo·rt£~-_thO· Kiif<ia•~::!Jtl:tlggier•i"ox:~sill-det~tiOn•_";\Ho"ey~~-'-!f~~;~;they pl.ay up - ' ,: ! ·__,___ ., ~ ' ' -- --· ' :. . - ·- - - :-,

is· that some~KU:rds- supPoSedl.Y-'suJ?pc?=ted- Khomeini, ;and::wha~::l-~_ey~-~-~Y6E:·P~- ~. ,1?~~~;

non~~ i~'~i1a;n·.lthe::.t1fo: Ili~_t' mPo~n-~;Aya.tolla.hs _aft~;;'~o~o-~~~.-7r '~~~~~£ ~~-~.~ ... :·.~ -- -. .,- r.:. .·. . - - - - .

Behesti L __ called -tli.9'·K~1 :LeaderS' "a.gbnts.·o£·._savak;·::Ziqnis~~J~~~~-~~~:.,S_«?_~~p~,· rt

~'SiriCtt· ;it' imS :jUe'f.~·a;t"_··the--:~eJ::.iOd. ·-.:he..~' Kliomeini. .wa.a-.:try~ .. :to __ ~~ ~tlw.t: ·the: lfi_lolo:~. ·

\:;:.~t>fr:arihWS·'·fOrJ,-~int;~:na·~tobk: to· ,the·-air arid· .. s~l:d. ·tha.t·:.this statom~;t.:·~>~Y .-th~ -~z-·,_ -:tbilih:fi·::Wa.ii'·'a. '"perSo-~r-·v-rt:nt. n:_.:·:sut ;these :.'~pcraons", a:r.~: no:t··-~t-.~~~~~~~~-~ ~: :---_:_:

_ _Thc;Y·-hO:id::_thci·::Poefit.iohS·· o:f.".<Prosidont. and· .. Vico:Pr~idcnt:-.o£- tho :~semb.1_;y~~o£_.th~:~--·~: .. ::..fExplrt'G''that·ha.S'·· jtist' Ccimpl.oted:tho-~- Consti,tuti~~ to. -·bo .·a~~~~d.~:J~~--th~·~t~t-s

~~~~-~~li~_'~·IJ:aniin -:~opJ.o:·on ·Doc;·_. 2:and .. 3~: :~Ind.Ccdt! ~Mny. -~~}~~;;_~~~--~~~~bt~; .. ~·~;~~ '· thOttWo who .ins.tig'titad tho· occuPa-tion o:f tho,·E)D.ba.sey_ 'f?Y·~tho stu~ts. ( ? :; :'.· .·-: ,

II

•. ,: : ---::~: .. -,_t:;:_··!-Iha.t the .mod.i.a.. has -not shown is that duz.·ing the dcmonstra.tioJ!G ·in :front ·. oi'.·the u.s; Elnba.ssy,. thoro.""" also a st~Dil,;,g oi' .tho l·li.i:listry oi' i:.ab()Z,(5), i."l

:Jl~lich,:.tho_· mas a. ·or. unom.pl.oyod_- -~.arid th~ _ ~C ~;;· ::.C~S tta -,tin)'- ttilliOn; ·unhmPiOYed in·;Ira.i_'lrnOw,:~-·-Hez'O~dOmnd.ini,.,jobs. . Nor a.ra. they_ rcpOrtinS:_'thO COntilitH;.g- 6-trUg

.glcs:·o£ .. tho. x:tll.'dS, much 'lese tho :fact that somo'}la.T.dato ha.VC B_?no Uhd.Org;.?uhd~>;--~ -· tO- continue a trul.y r~voiutiorm;y ~t;#iaic- -8.ea.i~St'.Kho~~irii 's US~f.Bt:i·~!l_. oi"·tll~-.

fruita of thoir rovolutiona.r.{ overthrow of' tho Chah, .:.) ·-= .- ·~:--:··

Anothor o:f tho many cvOnts unreported in tho maas modia at· the time it ha£i,~Jiod (and '~tili koi;Jt fro~ th;:, rogioiliil TV)'a.ro· tho: bloody. riots' Khomoini iii~t.-~-tod.' ,.g;,in~t tho i»;c6'6z:it ruib..;, of tho 'isiana oi' Bahrain in A!lgttst, demanding :J: .. ··L·'<- ~--- ~-·.- .. -.;·-.-•' •· • ---· . '· .. ., ... •• .. -- - . , · .

tho csiablishm6nt"' C:rf'' a. "pure" Islamic govornmont;:· -tho ·abolition Of' all·uwc,storn-·-·

~Ya'~~;,; c~·PoCiail.y TV: a:nd. th~-- ~oL·CskbiiShM~ilt of' thO . sor.o.rntiOn. of'· men' and' -·woman >;tg J. i.' :·.--.. .-. ~~ ~ :· ·. • . ' ·i '. : . . : . ' . in all public placoc=-· Tho riots .uoro yut down_by :tho curront rulers, but so w~~i~:.=~~-_. thO:r ~bout :KhornC:d:lti '8 irlri.uOn~a,· ·his' o.bhity. ·to ··:forriCni ··rabOliiOfiS::a.~ . . ~ . - .

· gr.L'"lst other- MuSlimS whQ dO ~Ot· wish to Uriiio "a.s-_Oiio" a.ga.iils-t "thO_\lost""'-- and

. th~' FA~i '...;.~ ~rid \-hOm Khot:ioini t..llon · a-~cuScB of "crimOo (.l,Pinst GOd·;u· 'that th'cy- liavo

. hushod. up tho ;,ugust riots~

Thi::l 1a only pa_-t of !t'tom~i.'"'!i'e o~ tyPo of i=pc:d.a.li!m. Bc:.ddos tho

c:la.ini to Bnh=i:>• ho hns'rcteincd_ ~~ dospito " chnllcnso by :rra;t · tho Sbnh's

. 7249

i~JoccU:Pa;t:ion~raf':~tttcithroa ··islands o:r Abu 1-lusa.~ruld G:r:~t~r.~~n.d)~~B9.l;i~R! ;- ·.~;~ Those- islands aro sit;mtOd iico.r thO stmits of Homuz; through ~hich·: pa.ssesv~~J.¥. ha~ Of' the _nest•~ oU imports.

"'·'"-'~i? ~~a:: __ ". ,r-,,:.lYJ:->7. -~·. :_-.• ....... ,._·'.c __ c_., ·• ,, • • · • · .. ·. ·-- -~- · ••··-~··-· ·•' ""' :.:.>t1~·::-- ,'.'';.:.-~·;:,:;.;,:.-;.:;:;-:;' ;_;;· ·c~"

•.::-' _ '!>.~litirmorc~''KhOmt:>ini.tha.S::l.aShoo ... out:.;~inst:::...c;nY.: ~~:.-w~-~;; ~~.;~? ~Y thii.t' 1!.d'~s'-t"or'I:i:io.ri'£frst'Ond'for, IsJ..ru:t second• He oo.Us,t~t-:'blnsJl!lemy:.~ , At;1:he. ·_ aa.\no' t'iliio ;' wlien the' ·PLo c suggoeted .that.d;he .Pars~ GuU.• ~e ~~: a,s.,;~_it,i;~~ t~<::~ii•

~' ISia.m:t.::~o~:.:'.·th~---A.mo3An"-Gul.r;1Khomam'i~;,rajoct'cid1 tho .. sriggosi!ion .. ~t once. __ ffW.·_~iS;trin~~~;~hi:i.-f::-- :rSla.in :::~--- hiff<'intoi-pr'crt~tia~·: o:r .·Islam-:-~ .~:t .fi~~?-;~: ~~~-~~:.'f~.t .,~·;d~";;~{;~t in-:;m:,. ';;;ty 'mitiga.'tb' his diSdain' £o:J'·Arabs. ::Not only,·""" _ho o.~t,J.~.t tq~., f'~ian Gulf :r0ti:d.n·::1trf-n.a.Dio~;-. l:T.it- hiS' OpPositi9h to :·tho.·Arah ,oi:t~wci_rkc~ -~d .:at?-r:·.P~;,£,9.-r . soJ.i.;:d.Ct"crmlM.tiOii·, ~i'e- ioro~·~·.--:.-'Arafu'tqiias -'quickly .brought ~ :~~:.-~izo __ t-l~i:m_.:_h~ -.::,-i7

~:.;:iriili -t~ iiitci:Coo.o·-'f·or':thO Anu:lrica.n: .·hosta.g~s-.' . That ·dooan!t moan th'a.t. oit..'ler~~:fa.t : or all ~th? ¥ao S.tai!o 'rli:lcr:i mcet;ing l..--, Tunisj_a lmd o.nything. ;0 s:>y. :t:~r IQ,o;,;;;{ ·" ...

with tho ~xCO:Pti~n-'O:f" Lfbyn,c~· ana~·evcm·.tncb: -pr~'-Khom.oin.C etanc9_;_di~_.no~_ -tak~_.pr~f?rity_ ov~r sC.l1ing Oil tO tho H'r>st •

.. .- , ~ -~d ~-':'~~: itSOlf,·"·tllo ·~J~;cia.frcd:RdVoiUt10lia.':rY:COuncii iS·· itsol:f' faction.;' •·· .. ·~··.~, . 'fr·.~r:t:• .. .-\.._ .,_ .. . ,1_ .. _. __ ,_ "r--~··- ., "• _ ,_ ,_. . .. ,.

r,~OI! .>rith, pro-,Libyal); pro'-Syrl.an,''i"'-n Islruriio· f<ictions; .. and thimgh .thoy,-_ooch -:t>ow ~--:o:v----:··---.:L ~:.·•.:.-.o.:;l .. -:.:1 ---\-1;' !'.-':~--·_-,;;:_,;,;._ ,,"-: ''$•_r, "·,;-~ '•:_,-._,. _ -. '"' •--·- - .' ----- ~ ._ •- ---., ·-to XhomoJ.ni·: now;·- it ·doosn•t· mean-- that--would- hold: _i:f' .other· Musli.IP·;countrloa"a.o-t ... out

--~-r:·.:·_.;--,:;,~:;.,.._(.'(.:.."":r;;:.-, '-v:.:! -~.--::-.... ;~- •• __ .-1-- .--·~ .. __ ,. ___ .- ___ •. _ -_ :_,_ • --"·-·:: -_·-

their diSsent; At thO~ BamO _,tiMe·;· HuBSoiD.: ·of. Ira.(r· 1mB._ riO.: iniehtiOn··whil.t"evcr: Of-;; .t_ .-. :.·":!•_:::.·~-:":"''~·~!r·~-' ·. ,. ...... .' ... -,· ... , .. · ... ;, __ -4 ,.,.-... ~- '-"··~ _,,,. ... ,. _ • _ ·- • .. .- __ · . ·.---_._ • • • _ _. ••

·--oo~i.iig:!-o--KtiomOini~,;- ·_- ID.d~aa.·,.-:no·ho.s·~aJ.roo.dY onco t&rOO.tonoo:-:m .iriVr:.riion:~and_:Jaf:5~t th·ii·\~o~dnt'; .. ~~~· sO~~ ·x~--~t·b -~tarl- l{.reVOft. \iitli~·:~·.: ·. ~-::-_~- ~-~·.-.; .

. J ..... •·•••· : ..... •. :.~·- •,;

III '~:) '• I'

And what, oxo.otly,;l.a bo~-:pro~ for tho_Il:ani,.;,:p~olio once this .. - . --~- ..... -. ~ -- ,,,_ , .. ;· ., • >"- '·-·· • ;;~,-;,· • ..--.~;

:month of'.nourning, tho_li\lharra.l!lr ia-.ovor'l lioll .. , thoy a.ro to ongago in a. rof'oren-- -.. . .-•- ... .• .• . ,,.,. ·~ .. _ .... " .r . - ., . .-• ,. __ , ·• . .- ,.-_,. ,.

dumctoc,approvo tpc.!lmft Constitution Nhieh tho Ayo.tollllha 1-!~n~zor:t'.ir:i!::!lelioati~ -- .. ,.... ,·-•. - ,' ._-.:,_; _._, :;.:;;,;·,·: _:.··;·~~---:~.·t~'

ha.v:o:drawn _up._~.;.fu?.Yo~o who J~s a.ny illusions ._t.lmt _ _:t.his. QJnstitution.boo.rs ~y :ro-aomb~co.-who.~_~o:Qv~. to tho ~~o ·.that _wo,s~,~~rrl,r~d.' _b;.'::tilo-:Fiz.st. R'~~~- 'R~vol.uti~~

• < ·_ - • - ' ' • • '· "' • -- .. '·.··'_'1:, :--:_":, . .i· ~ .• :~ :-•·

of,cl905-199'7 ""~()I1 .. tho firnt Shah '"''' ovol,"thrown, or oyro o.o tho Mullnh3 runonded. -- - -- -.·-··--- - .... -··-. c-~·""- ... --.'> .. ··-··.:. -:.'~·-:~.- , -.~.:- .' <.-·..~-c'' tha.t .C»nstit):lt19,n• trhon·. thoy. brought .tho, Shcll ,b:l.cl:,, cho_uld ta.~a _a ·lQok--n.t-:_tho n~:;"_ inst~tution .of<}.ho Ofi'ieo of. RolJ.()io~ G~iru{ uhich ~.tho ';;~ht' t~ ~~to c~o:J ovorithinp; mid O.nything ·roasod by tho stD. to rulora Md i~' o.loO 'tho aUpromO 'Cor.UrJi.ndor

ovor tho nxood forces.

_." j_~ ( • '

Tho point -l.a \'I' at tho. cone"itution dooa. nothinl; ~t- tr)" t~ legitimize

, • \{homoini •s usurpo.ti~n of: fth~ · ~i~tory ~£'thO t~orko:Co ~ho ~~i~V~d tilo ·nctt:Ci ;avo~~-

: '' •' . ' ' _ • ·• -::: ~·· '. 1 '.·" ·.·,·.'" , ,::-:-·, .... .::,, ·;',<~•::1 ,_,l'f,'

• ..: J:·.c . r . , ., ,.., - -· .,,_, Tha·:~o.tost·:dn.Jlgo~:n6w lies>~"l tho_mQ~9.D;'t~~~~~--~-~_,K,:~~~~}'f\:~t~~~r

, ·-·;;;ogucry, which might trigger -Apocalypse Nolr! That is the brink at which the worl.d

- nolf stands. Kh~me~- ~d Carler ma.y ·not f'linch as they prep:tre :for such a con

frontation. But the world- must "d~ e\·crything to sW.y the ho.nds of both rulers.-

--~~-: . ..:..;-~ __ ;_; :··ln ·-thO 'iinp(im.t:ive 'atiuggl.C [email protected] -.the sa.vngo_.- ·-.m.9is:n .~,;t~i;J. S.~P..'}t;r.i -. -· - • - • -- ·- ._- ._ -··· c:- .. __ !

against Iranian studerits;-.:wa uiuat-nevcr:-rorgot-tha.t·:thC undcrlying,mcism·_that hli.a . - ., - ~ . '""' ""'· ".' ._ •. ;_., •. <..·_~·-.-..... ~ .. ·-·.aJ.Wa~S boen sho\m,n.ga.inst_- thorB~cks.h:l.s _a.otua~~ been: dir_ectod:·a.lso tlg.linst :t"evo--t 1utio~i~ .D.rid ininO:r-~tici~; "<t.h~uSh--~ . de:¢h' it·--~~- b~~ 'difi~~ritiY :'~~be~9ci,. Z r ~,__,.;,..,..- .o-.· .... ~-~- .. '.'·- -_:: ·-::.·_,.·"-.7-..!,;i: _ _.---.: >·· ·-,-- -. ,:, - :, . -. ",• .·. -·-,--' ..... ·.-.·: - ·;._,., ... .>;·racially.::· tfun.t :r-am sa.y~·l.S. that_. not only_. rau.st ·1-re reinembor the:·horror _of'. U_.s.

. · concontmtion camps ~k~t~ ~a~~.llOs~~~orl~~-:~~~. \~~~id tl~r .. rl,1

: O.t. )ht·Y~ij_'-~ . --- ____ , .. . - ----. ·- . ,_ ,,, -·'~.:.

'.-time: 11hSn no· ·such· atrocities .. uere committed against Ha.zis in thin ·country. TbA_ .•. ~·"·•·--~··--<"1· ... _ ,-: · ···_ ·· ·- ... l' · '" ~ ··-·l , •.':".c<:- _ ·." -_._. ·< .; • - · --·'·•-,·· ,_. ---:--_•1

--r-}=P:_~--~~-~~~O::t .. _:~~~-- 'White --.f~~cie:t·- ~--treated; as, an. indi~~u..~_: cii~~--~ 1 ,l-1~~ !!':~~,~--~:.-,·. tle~ber/tho'_ £U:C~:-_1:.hat:Amdric~= ~O'vOiutiOn~i~a- htwe_·loDg_:fo}Jght--thi~,-, h:\V~~-iO~:~,_?' fd~t -~:s_. _eapit,]_~~~~?o,;u.iis~ · ~--it~ ~:. ~oaa· ne.~ mOO:i: t_tint ·,q.;;·~c,C.~i?~'.::~s

... a. ·r_evoluti_onD.rJ' gestura,_ :.~he -2ppoSition_·,to'_ Amor;cnil -~pito.J.isrl· by another ca. pi tal... ,., is~"i;~ r.lii;;ious fime.tic,•a.ny more ti,;;., ~o a~;;'oPt.od•Nizli~ o~ Ja:p(i;,as,o ~il\t;,.ey: . _:,~i~aitifr{ ·t:o·l;mo~~~ ,-oapl.l>:.l'l s~ i~~ Qnithirig' -~t:;[mW:~-~~~~':~~~~:~ight,::~~:

-;, ,-,,. ,. , .... ' , ' . . . - _'·; -_ • ' :"o-.::::.:· ... ;:. ~;:~ __ ";;-~ ·:.:.·.--~--,_;.-~ ·_:: ~-, Of' coU&.-so thO tr.ailOd',.fiSt'.'Of"(Xl-clCr·musi bo-BtOppCd;'-.-nnU--his~is a.lso,tho

~mind_., th.lt· ~· cri.n Z.:olcdsO --a -~nu61Cci.r 'holoca.ust ;' which -WOuld·. jr..it<·~ · b:~d -.to'-CiviiiZliiiOri ~--a.s wO havo kn.o\m · .it. ·' · R0V~1Uti0n&cy·-: Opp¢Si tiOn;,-~_innt" ·AmoricNV ~pol:-1D.lis..11: -can._-:· be,. ~icd_ through only if' we ro.iso o. bn.nncr of ubti.t' -~;o .arc .f~r·:··

1

.. \~d -~~t,: ~o. n;_:a

f~;--i~--not.-- t~in~· tho CJ.oclt· 'b-:l.ck ··to Soino··:r~rtt Of .bCctUtiBn.:-.:_~ .. · •;: ,: ·. ··' ~-: ·,·, -- -.. . ·;---_.·.· r,!

.tmyono rrho trioo to gild a noo-:fD.sciSt · occu1.£i:Bci• forgottint?;_~_"!~t.: the ;

· ':~nB:SsOSI!~:t~t "Hitler nlObUizod 1roro mobilizod.·. for· cour~t-~;::;;.,ovolutiono.ry. _purposot:s"J ,·. __ , ._. __ ·::~·:.-_ .. ,:·:~-- .·: - '--·,.. .... ,, .- __ , • ---- - --~·:· ,._, ._ •• _,, __ .• - __ -•.11

e.nyono, who· _trlos ':to ·_sri.y ·tha.t_.i{homciini'o _ con~t6.nt . rofcrCriciOa -to_·_:tJ10:ndisinh~~ted .. · 'rna~ao~"::.~s~ ttk~ ~o- _Mn?'~- •:?JJ.t~l :R~vol~~io~'~ .ahouJ.d~~~~·~~d~_·t~:-.~~~~0~- ;~t: ~-

though J.Io.o \·ltia-·onco ··a.~::~ volu'tioriri.cy, nnd ·thoush .-&6' did ·<Lu.Uo:r· u.."idor >th·o--i.U\l:lich th:l.t maki."lg Ruasio. nEnomy No. Ono11 (lilto Khomoini•n ma.ldng tho ti~s."\'iS.~~iy·:-.:.~ was tho way to f~ht for world socio.lism -- !1<10 ondcld by rolling out tho Rod Cnrpot :Cor Nixon. 6 ) An wo oo.id thon, tho 11rovolutiona.ry11 loio.oist a.pologiots 1fho

7251

·.o

~~: -~Uii~'-'tO--f6rSiVO~ t-Ici.o·- -every Criito:on crirth. O.i''ld loovo:.n: £mr blAnks ,for .. tho8e . .-.

he ~t ~OO,t,Q:5AtDr,·:war·c··:ri!·.rOOiiilg·tho.t 'onc---and~cinJ.y·:onc,o~~---.t~t.·;d-~.~~:: • ---· • -· ' ' " --·- ,._ ... v ~-- • ' •

teri.zCs _thCIJ. a.ll: ta.ilcndisn to o. st.a.to DOWer. This is:_thQ::~~~·qpJ:>os~t~~~o ':"',:w~_t !4a:l:x's ~m is_-- the otruggJ.c !'or a. toto.lly ·ncr;;· ;;-ia.s~J.oss, socS.O:l- ord~;;, biied.L'ori.' t~ta.n-:f·_in'trir h.u..~··rclD.tiOhB.-:r:.'·AnYthiilg short_ of:·tha.t-s~s out bet.:ray31·~-L'L'-.·_;··.:.· __ .;. :~-:-,:.--_ .;.~. _-'.-'·--:·' : .. :.;· .·.: ;'::.:··- !· -.. ·:~_-.·:.(·.~·c:-.:..~y~~:;~~-- ·., __ ~~~(- .. :· .-·_:,,,

.:;· -;-:~.·:..::.: _,_.-,-;- :~--:__:.~·-:·,~. ·:~·u• -~ .. . -~:.·. . .·. "'· ; i;;.:R>.Y.J(: .;<- ::•· . ;:_,-,.-~; '· "!·'~ -~:-,_;_:-~,- • . '• .:-::; '.·., •. -: .'.':;.>· ~

·-c-ry-:~i3'6o ·~y:'-~P61iti."caJ...:.pfdl.os"Ophic- Letter,- u:r:ro.n;: _Unfoldmc.."l~. of,·_ ~d Cof?.tr.ldictions i''~;;j-~-~-:-·--:'·;.--·.-.. · . .,· .. •. - .... ' . -J.n, Revolution";.· Ma:reh"25, -~9?9f.:publ.ishod•_.by News•& Letters.-- -- .. ;_;: .:I:!•

-:y..;:~·: ···c1l;:':·-·'-~c:.:: ~-'-·_,·-.-~;-, ~--·- .· --··· .· ·. ._ .. ·... . ... --. --~.. ~ { 2) ~~~- if~,t?- ~'?~s~st ~ShoUld.' clai;o ·:to· 6a:t- · ir.tLt -:rOi~cii-~...r.i Y.h~mcinf: j,a liko !~follow..: _

. ing"' Fathcr"Ga.pon 'in 1905,-thoy ,shoul.d at -~cast:lw.Y_C_' loomed fl;_OI:l Trotaky ___ t1~t, . -fur.: f'rorn: o.ny Bol.shovilt.. or -.Nrmshcvik or. Socia.l __ BovolutlOne:t""i. 07 cVoiJ." _Liberal. _·:fol:f:oHing~.J~·-t.hor ~pon, _:the :t:rut~ HaS, '~:.hat· Fr". G.l:pon~himSOJ.f' ~urnee. aS;a.ifist th~:Tza.r.~and £or +.ho- noVor:i.ont o.ftor tno 'army:fi-'"'"Od.-on- thoir_-dcr.lonatration. · - '

(J}'~=~~~co; hfsto~i;; ;:P,.o',;,~C:o; hi.s a: ·;:;,.y 'of· io!>~~fr.g · i-t;scJ.f as .if· i: ~::,o an ·onSOL--ig clot1ci-it··in'· oVCry orls¥>··.-··Nothing socma· m9_rc:rolo~~;.~-~w ~-~,.'r~~:;:.~'s a.na1ysis-·o£: thc".rBig·:Lio_;Stalin .~ot;n.:f:..od b;,- ·a¥t~_in5 _:thC: ·~,f'D,~~~ noscow _F'rtime--:-up

~.Tr~liS 1 •• 19~-JS,. agc.ins~ tho 11GcnomJ. St.."'..ff' of tho· Rovolution'1i;: .. moluding 'rul-tha~'

·. ·ch·evsky·; nhOri .-St.illin·:ac'cusod·,of nothing .-short_~Qf:.4~---~·d,t.h N~~i _ G~l-m:lJlY• ... ~.e ... , - he~ad. ravolutiono.xy ,n~~5:-tudo ,~h~ .sue~ p. _;t._~~ .. _i~ __ l?c_rpc:t.~tod',_' Trotsky •told~ mC-;''" ~

is_. that it. is .n~qt enough _just not to· bol.iovo tho Big ·Lio• -•·-Tho f!l.ct•is,-ho ;con,-' tin"tiCd;·-'toot· _thc··:fooS'on·· thci-:Big Lio!.iS so--IlUch-morocnonstrous ,than .. ;th?_ .ord4mrY. o

1io .ia',J}oca.usa: its -.prc;lcditntion.hideB tho idni~tor OotiVa:tiOil 'thri.t 'w6U1d ho.Vu "P'.lt cvoryono on tho 0:1~rt • : ho.d ·thCy-Kriolm· ·the .. truth~:;· -Uh'ri. t' Stn.liri- wn.s· accusing-~chovsky of, ho oxplo.inod., night very woll. be what St.nlill hiosol.f" wn.s doing or plan- -ing_·;t·o dO. ·.Tho.-.trin.l.--.bol.loon to·un .... ""<ls .tho.t.~end. which directs ho.t:rod toua:rds tho~ a.~cuSod; .. ~l:tS--i'or ·o. eioo.t·~dCal ·nero tlit\n .ju'at.il.:d6fcris0 of';tho·-wrongl.Y o.ccuacd.

--'Ho-must ·bC-;prdp3.rcid: to.?fighi·:sODO-:_ri?H: __ .'!P~PP~' ?:ish'~.lt.ha.t. Sto.li:Jl ia ~~Y~ .--.'7 .. pcrtu\ps"o. doa.l with Hitler. , ·Tha-t \-r.lB procinol.Y nb:l.t· h~ppcnod the f~llOWl.l".S·Yoo.r,

.. :\'ho l!itl.=.-5tAl.in ?.let of l.9J9. · - · " ' · .. ·. · - · ' · --~· '-' -•. -!·-- ,.,.,_ ':::.;_~ :·: ,--,_ •

( 4) I:~)~~~~~!ffi~:,¥r;J!E.:$. J.:J)l6/79• "Con~ti tution · Gi vc~ 'ci.c~gy Control:· in .. -

(.5).· Christinn ,soionco Honitor,_. l.l./21/7.9. . - . ' - - - .

'(6)' Sea both'tha'·ch<iptor" on "Tho ThoU(lh-t; of !-!no. Tso~tung''.,in 11:( rhilosonhy !!!l!!. · Rovol ution·. (nul1,· .197:3) o.n~. "Ho.~ 1 s IAat Hurrcl}" _', J?olit~on;l-Pbil?OO!hl.c l.:bttor, Fob •. _??', 19?6, pub1iohcd by Ncwa & Lottc:rn.-· Sinco 'tho dCr;~tion· oi' Russia;.-1\.fl' ":;:n0mY:)niillbor'·brio"--·is tho ·ono--Uno logn.cy_ tho· post-Mno -loo.d0rahi:p-.is oorupulnusly following,out, soo o.lao -"Poot-Mo.o Chimu .. ilhnt. Nou?-" in HOir -~Bn.Yj (Nowa It"'~' Loi;t.ors, l.'7?T). · · · · · · ·. · : · · · · · · · · ' ··

~ --_ -- . ,. ';: . ,, ~·.

7252·

0 • _ _UN~OIJ)M~~~- ()F~ .. AND CONJIADI(liONS·IN, . ·" REVOUJTI_.ON.- - -

A POLITICAL-PHILOSOPHIC LETTER

by Raya. Dunay'evskaya I •. £ WhOle &lt of Spetters HaUnting Khomeini's

"Islamic leyofvtion,. Dear Friends., . ..

A "'hole host or specters are hauntinR Khomeini's .. ldamic Republic" before ever It Is officially established. There Js the speder of a full social rcvobJtion in tht' very unfoldment o~ the Iranian Revolution whil.·b, after all, ,VItnessrd a series o( the greatest, most powerful and sustained mass mobilizations for months 0:1 t•nd . bdr.:~ the thrCe days or insurre.:tion. Clcnly, _Februar-y 9-12 had not only driven- .the Shah and h1s. '!tooge, Bakhtiar from the throne,- but the manner in which lhe work'ers endt:-d thoir general strike hJ return to wurk without nturning their t:uns. as the Ayatollah had comm:u;ded.- ~bowed that. Only Chapter 1 or the Revolu~ion had ended. It put a !opeciill emphasis to the compl:amts o( his appointed· Pd;ne Minister, Baurgan, about lack of production. As _the Deputy ·.Prime Minister, Entez·,n, . put it: ''Despite the A)'OtoloUah's commands, none of the ·major industrlc!'~. in the country are functioning because the workf'r'S spend All their· time holding po~IUcal meetings." :: . .

·As If Workers' Clluncils, Nelghbo!'hnod CommJltcC!s, anjumeni. many new forms of spontan~ous orguniution. omd )'Oulh dominnnt In all, did not take on tht! .. app3rltion ·

-or a dual govornment, there came, with the celebration or International Women's Day, a mass outpouring of wpmen. bearing the banner, "We raade. the rN-olution for freedom: r.nd got unfreedom." which may ven• well have o~ned ChMPler 2 of the li'auian R~\·ulutlon, n is true there had been uther outbur..1s of cnticlsm -of Khomt:"ini from the ft'dayeen, But whl"rt'&s Khomoini's friend, Arafat, oi the PLO, persuaded them tc. c::tll orr the mat<'h to Khomc.>lnl's h('.:l.dGuartt>rsl and, Instead, hold a nlly at TC"htnn Univers!t)', the Women's l.ibc.•t· atlonlsts took to the streets.

No doubt Khmnelni was hmorant of the fat·t that Marrh 8 wa:'l lnternaUonat Women's l>;~y and lht!- lnanlan women Intended to n)ake lheir cellobratlon of the put a

· claim -on. thto pl"f'§f'nt, 111nd, fulltf'!> "Wtu•n h .. l"'"'nro-1 1h~ March 7 order for thl! ·"«Umcn to wcor the chador. nut

, hili n1ild rctrut-thc Odrn that It was A "dUI)', not an urdcr"-hardly ""'"~ceded In ~xorci!dnJ; the new ~pcdM. Qul!o the contr01.ry. ThooRh the Ayatoililh t-riUc:bed ttu.• J:Doms whtto auackcd the m:an:h, tried to stone the women, and 5hot th~. the "omt!n felt thlit thn5c ~wons Wt-M' in fact .Jlo'acUdn;t what, the A)·atollah )lrt'Dcht.-d as ''Is• l;~n1ic h1w."

1-'or .fh'C' ~~otraiaht d.11y5 the womt•n continUt"ll their marches, and nut onl)' aJ:ainst Khumelnl~ but aJtalnst Prime Minister Datar)[atl, ;r,nd on Man:h 10 held a 3-tumr

Aulbot:. of PIIILOSOl"AY AND REVOLUTION and. Jlllanlsa and Frtt.d.cm · ·

Pit-in :at thl! '.Ministry of' Ju£tlte. Nor did they lolerate tho: m::~ss medla"s :.utot"r,dic choice ol what they would . · photograph. who. they y·ould give voice to,, whom they · would focus on, Instead of letting their protests go unrccord('d, the women rnarche-d upon the mass media, thus exposing the fact that the censorship. there h; now almoost · .. s total as it was during the Shah's 'dictatorship, Think how quickly those bour~eois a'ntl pCttr-boun:eois opportunists changed sides. They v.aitt·d two da)'s a!tt>_l" lh:! insurre;.:1.ion ~tartcd before they. came to· the radio to announce that they will no.Jt oppo~e the peopl~ but bC" "the voice or the revolution." That was-Fcbruar)• 11. The very nc'!:t day they snuck in an adjecth·e: they now called themselves •the "voice· u{ the lsl.unlc 'nvolution."

Nor was tht:' A)·atollah calmed by the fact that the Women's Liberationists produced a ·schism · in the Fe.:iay('en I and ·to a lesser t.'Xtent also -in the l'otouja. hidt'en).- For, wh:le a good part condemned the actions of the wuml'n2, others fonn'!d a hum:m chain on both sides of the n1arch to protect' t~em from rurther hl-aSsment. That certainly ,~-::..s a .s:ireat advanc:e over the bcginnim:s of the Portuguese Revolution In : 19753 where the Left ml'les attacked womeri.'s demonstrations with impunity. 1979 In hun showed, ·at· one and the same time; that male re\-olutionaries would rtut pemiit attacks un women te\·olutlun:rlcs. and won1cn were striking out on thear own as a way of· d.eopenin;: the, ... ""Ontent of re\·olution. -

Finully, lht• Woml'n'~ LlbetaUonlsts focused on..thdr intcrnatl!)naiism, not limlled tu th~· in\·itations to Kate Millett from the U.S. and Claudine )touU.;.rd · trom i:-~rancc iwhu had cume to ll!ltPrcss theh' solidarity with the Iranian women revolutionaries;) The mote cruciAl p;,int is that the lr01nlan women felt th:.t literally millions throuJ:hout the world .... ·erl' with them.

It Is this that :!Ill frichtcnt"d the Ayat(lllah that he 1l:an•d rail the Women's l.ibl'raUonb"ts "agents of lm· lltrialhnn" (to .which we'll return llltcr;. 'fhl.' expulsion ur Kate MU!tott 1!1. but :l)'rnbul of how he !nten-Js. to roll the dock backwant In. his attempt to exordto~' all these ~P!!t!~r: ::.:;. !:~ mu;~ rlr .. t lli ~ .. ah.PJ' lhu~'~< .• ·lighlin~ot·iur' SC'lf-d~termlnation with J:U!U in t!.:.nd -~ i.'ne KunJish rebt•ls. · ,

un.1t•r lh1•:;+.; eirt'umstan~s of ever new lortt'.i ·ur re\'ulntll"'n, rur n;alc r~volutlon:aric:. to distt.•J:ard hllw total the rc\·o\ution ml.lst be ir n b to uproot the rlt· p\nlt:t.tive, ra.cl5t, scxl~t so.~cle1y, and ilntc a~aln try to subordinate v.·omt•n's struggle~ as :1 "mere l""'lr\ oC the

7253

whole" (as if the whole can be without its pan.:;), is f:) play into the hands o[ the readlonui:!s, bc-.that the •·secular" Baiargan government,' or the Ayatollah Kho· mel.ni who. is trying to "institutionalize" his- Islamic "revolution," that is to say, confine it to where he can steal the fruit of the rcvolution-frecdom-.an<l leave the masses who made it al the bottom as in any and all elass-socleties. · _· .-.. ' , · ;.

The schisms· within the ruling class are nOt as irre; concilable as betw(ocn labor and capital. Nor are they only a qut!:.tlon or -secular_ vS. theocratac rule. The fact that Khomeini nevertheless tried: to· keep· Some_ dbtance· away rrom the planned March 5 celebration of the 12th anni\'ei-sary o(· Mossadet:h, who was the {i.n;t to nation·

· · alize· the oil industry and shake up the Shah's thoone, throws a glaring Jight ori what he intends ·to do-with his so-cal!ed Islamic RevolutiOn. Bar.arga.n, who dld'-!.1! on the platrorm. was not recognized· a:; any· \'oice_ of the. 1951-53 revolt and thus was in no po~ition to serve as any bridge between the dh.sidenl OOun:cois llbernl fac.tions. Instead,- the persOn who spoke rim was MosS:~· degh's grandson, Hcdayct _ Matine-Da!tari, who critici:ood Bazargan's attack on the extension of dcmocrat!c rights.

More signlfican' was the ,·olce of the Ay:~tollah ·reJeghanl who had broken with the Islamic Revolu· tionary Committee in late February, appro\·ed, instead, eltcted, not &Jlpolnted, workern' cornmit~s. thus making sure ·that tb'!' revolution does not slop at lts·,·ery first A:o~ tlto _-oyertlu'cnt of thr Shah.

Tbeie is no- point in undercslimalinl: thl' power of the Ay.atoll:lh Khomeini, who many are nnw treating as an Imam-even i!"he has not exorcised those specters ha•mting his re"Volutian. Th:lt counter-revolution Is rl~thl within the Re:olution, He knew bow to hit at the women. mobilidn~ a few thou:;and to marc-h '-'itll their chadors cgainst th(l w:'lmen who were protestine a ectal deal more than dress.• What the Womf'.n's Librratlonlsts learned here w.as that not all_ wom<!n zr.., sisters.. It Is; afh!r all, _a slander to make it appear as it it were a mere question or women against nic-n. "Sexual politics'' is anything but that; the male chauvinism e:::poscd, and that induded of the Ayatollah Khornt!lnl, was the limi· ta\.lons o( thC freedom or humanity, the-abrogation nr the civil rights-political; social, ccunomie, Intellectual, class.

ln. the latter cas('-the: must worrisome tor the -Ayatoiiah-it WB$ the way the workers, in this case the_ printers, united with the Youth on what seemed most abstr:.ct-workS on philosophy or revolution. on politics, stntcgy, on Internationalism, to satls!y their thirst for knowlt>dgc of all tn do with re\'ulutli>n. Thus, in the very midst or rt!volullun when the ~C'n(•ral !;\rikl• was at its height, the printers dl'dd~d to work douhiL· shifts so th~t they could satisfy that thirst. As unL• eyewitness repcrt describes it: "Books arc flowlnp at the people as· fast as soldiers bullets , , . they read evcn.·thing · about re\·ulutlon. All Marxian books that have been translat('d into Persian arc being rcprint£'d and spre1td hand to hand and hoUse to houlie: Capital, rar;s Communf', Communist Mantrf'sto, What b To Be Oonr?. Stall! and G.f'\'oiutlon, lmJ)'!I'iallsm, Wn-t<.Red ol thr t:arth, Black Skin, Wbltf' lllasks, Dylnp; ('olonlallrmr,"!> A !:.:rU:c:- :.ccuun: :'0:-jll\i't<.;d • r;~w; lt.:.ihli>tl.:.r .... rMiu~·,. ·

1844 Essay on Alif'nated J.abor and ir111Umerable leaflets: ·'' no,..- idotic indeed h. the bourgeois,prcss· thut kt:eps

repeating old oHidal (SAVAK'! l figures -that Marxl:.-ts numbt:r but 2 percent o( the' popul£ll~on16 .

11. The Main Enfm:y li Always At- Kome-The workers In revolution need no "_vanguard_ p:lr·

tics" to tell them that thr main enemy b. at,· home, that th; conflict between labor and capital. is irre~onc!labl':', and.' that native capital_ has :;ucl\ ov.erwlu~lmlng· U<!·lns with imperiaiism tha:,. if its life as thre.:ate~..-_d, the capitalists will certainly ad fur imperildism to coniC to their aid in bringing on the full crmnter·rcvolutlorJ. ~ut under. no drcumstances dncs that mean anY. slackenmgor the workers'_. own- St'lf-aeti\·ity, s~H-org~nh:ation,self· deVelopment, thus deepening the re.,ul~tion. Thus. n~_ $Uoner had Bazargan tried to rca!oscrt has Cull :mthont) bv- a t.akeovcr of- the oil industn.· than some_ of tlw \\:orkCrs' lcad.;rs at ont-c _ rc~.lg~wrl · !rom· th'! ·workers' committees in ·prot;.>st.-. Listen to;, !\lohammad Javad. Khatemi's appcaF "To All Oil Workers and-Those Who f'"ight (or Freedom": _ . . -Alter 90 -days of our heroic st_ri1!e. c!.urinJt whu:h we

·ha\'e cut orr all supplie:-. ur oil - the livelihood or the reactionary._ regime and of Its imperialist backer.:-and b)'- the bloody strug~le of the people we hav~ sueeccded in-overthrowing the Shah .·, . . As a rt>prt-scnta.tive or the oil W(frkcrS··-the heart o[ our _jl~dustry--anll ·as one' oC .the initla~ors oi \_he strikes in the oil (Jelds , .. I am re~Icnang because 1 can see that reaetlor.ary clements working under_ the banner of islam arc conSt"iously suppressinG, the peo-

2

ple's (rcedcm and rights _ • • ·, It was you workers-who fought and ;;.afCcred from sackings, imprisonment and- the_ burnings or our homes

_and· still '""'f.' did not gi\'C Ull b<!causc we all fell a responsibility to the who}(' or the pcnpl!' o( Iran. MY· self and other I'CIIl"CSentaU\'CS who were responsible fo" leading your stru!:ltl~ know bt'tter than anybody that it w:.s you youn;cl\'e!l th01l made the vlctooy-not anyhody elsu - . • . _ · We do not-acct.•pt an\' dict11torshlp ar..d will alwa)o'S support those who rtiht for freedom •.• We must remcmht•r and undersland the nalure of imperialism which ~till l:.11s ~verything in its h:mds. ·We must remember what happC'ncd In Portugal, Argentimr. g,nd cspet:ia11)' Chile. Until Imperialism is ~completely. sm:r.shed sueh lhlngs can happen again. • .-

ThiS type of ·,.,·orkcr opposition, 1r it_ wi)\ once agtl_n'.._\ dl'\'elot' a mass base, ts thi'! W.li.)' to stop tne attempted coun\t.•r·rcvolution. provld~ that we, as I'C\'OluUonarics, In turn, do not ror)!:t•t that to ~pt>ak o_nly uf ~nti·im(•crla1· Ism as if i.mrwrlalism alunc was rns;mn~ible for the countcr-rt.·volution In Chilt•, In Aracr.tlna, or 3nywhcrc else Cut that mallcr. Is u dcviatinn. It Is a dc\'iation very wrlrome to and lndt-rd t:al('ulatrd by lhe Indigenous ('apllall~lll. That l!i to s~y, nattn• ru!en; '1\'Ul uy o.nythino:. an) thin( at all, ~o toni( as thf'noby :h~ c!uro lilnsggle at home-_ can b" suhllrdlnatt'd to na:lltlna: enrytMn.: "lor· ri~n" .IIlii Enrmy No. 1. What Worht Wur 11 s11owcd us wU.,- i.h .. t, -uu;..,:,:., .. r 1Htkr him!:~!!, !:'~!\'! w~re rnuro• .. uclept at phy.\liJ: th~ nationalist ~;amc than Pt":rnn, and,

7254

... .. ....

contraf')' to Hillers, h~ succe<"ded in so fooling the Lett ·with_ his "anti-Imperialism" that many haHed hhn .as a "revolutionary.'' To this day, Peronlsm has so brain· washed the trade union movement that it followed him to. the end. . . . --· . -- .. '"

··-· .. '"'Or look'- at "th'c'. TrotskyistS'- this ·very . rilOment --in Iran ·who, while correclly fighting U.S: imperialism, are so blinded by their position that Russia is still a ''workers' state" rather- th:m the other nuclearty:armed. power r_each!ng tor single world domination, that the} only _hiy the· ground tor. "The VanJ~:uard Party"~Tudch -who are even louder In their declamation against u.s. imperiBiism. as it It weren't Str.lln's Russ!a that had occupied Iran at the end of World Wr.r II as U.S. imperial· ,ism 2nd Gre:.t Britain helped keep Iran in tow· during World War II · · · , · -

Or- lOok ~f- how Khomcini Is- us.inli the slognn --~f anti-imperialism to usher in· his bourgeois Islamic rc· public:. to keep Ku~istan within Iran rather than s::rant· in.lt the Kurds, and the many other minorities hon&;ering for self-determination. their freedom,

The first thing -Khomcinl declared on February 19, when the Kurds took up anns to tillbt fer the' autonomy they had been promised whe-n .they participated in the revolution against the Shah, was: "I will not tolerate this uncultured heha\-·ior. I shall regard this as aD uprisinc a~;:ainst the· Islamic re·.-olutlnn." Now that he has anointed himself as the "revolutionary" ;:nd all those who died_ Ior freedom and now live for it as "eO!lnter-revolutionarics," he had . his words -given an old military voice. The Shah's General Gharchnay, now speaking as the Ayatollah's Ger.er:~l, tried yelhng above the din of the Kurdish arms: ''The military will never allow any 1-oart of the country to secede." But the Kurds CQntlnucd the- stru~gle, daiming, however, that it was not s~ssion but only autenomy they were deuumding. For th~ time ~ing there is a truCe,

As for the Iranian masses. they surely have· na need ot stalistlcs9 to· :~ttcst to their'· miserable conditions or

·labor and life. ILl!! the urban poor, 70 percent ol whose miserable Wal{es- where tllry have them..:...· j;(o for rent, who we1·~ alter all the ones tn· explode In mass protellt In Tabrlz. What I nm pointing· to is that the Iranian Revolution started before. the days of insurrection.- Tl1c pour -~tid the wo1kcrs were <1lso the very· ones who were plvotat·when the Arm)', too, folded and many rank :md tile soldiers joined lhe· masses· and J:;avc them· arms.·

·while Bazargan and Khomeinl bad the assurance o( some Generals that they indeed would change s.ldes if they h11d assurance they would once agai:t command! The Revolution started long bclore the Ayatollah Kho· rneinl emcrj;(ed to lead and mislead,

Uni'ortun:;tc!y, all those pow~:;lul mass moblllza· lions, and deaths of thousands, which culminated Jn ending the Shah's ar.d SAVAK's CCIA·tr:1incd in torture)

. despotism and terrorism and exploitatinn. arc the- merest , beginnings·. of anythlnR: new,- \hat is to sal'. worker- • controlled.- Unfortunately, Khomclnl !!tlll remains very nearly unchallcn6fcd, that is !i<'rlously _ unchuli~J:ged, as If his Intransigeance In dcm!\ndlng "lleath to the Shah!," which had acted· rc.- a unifying force wht'n the wuu~ National Front was still burjjalnlng with tt.e Shah was In tact, whnt had b(',C:Un ar.d _deep~' ned the revo!Utlun: And, unfortunately, the Left, loti, had unfurled nu new

~ · lKNM" -;., !he ,..,.,,; · world "'"'" \Q dt'\l>t'IMO cb""t •~e• t~dol•"(l !foe..,wl~e\ ol We\l<!ft1 ;rn~uoh..., lh<>l u,._~ cuuhln't ,,. .. ~, •• ,.,. Hotl~r·~ hlond .. nme.,l\. ~., U.S, and lhoule bol•• lhll Mlddl••l•U ~=~~~~· .~.r .. ~?ci ~,o;:;.~r.~~:~~'!~? ,~S!::· t:., L~~!:::.·~.o~~~i~; lr~t.~~~ t!Qktly (all• ollenlt..,., lo the lo<l that 1tw111" o ''c."""'~•·•••o·

V ~utoor-J;y h onl•·•'·'l'-~'"o\•V'I,"" s., D 1 H~~ •. !J.'-2s~ny·· ... ~·'~ :U~~';' ..... ~.--;:,"'~'·;;:;:~r~ ,;~ J':!::.n ... :~··c~

AantJOil oh•>ul •how con<hl""" ol l<obor und pro:JI•rn• ot "'"'•~'""• 01 ..... u •a l<"•l•h•no tn ,.,.., tact '""' ,.,uot•un ""' <U a !10 ""'"""' cl•t>, ""'k !he ""f'"''''"Y<'<l ""ml-•<'<1 J.!l mulonn,

banner ot freedom, u.nc\ some'31'C willing to se\tle for much, mut'h less, bei_ng part al StatiC' _ _Adminhtr:ltion, th~'-· Is, part Cll the ne'N rutin~: bu,.,;.ut"r~c:iy whiie t.huut·ing .. anll-im}X"riallsm." · · "_ ,·_··- . .. :, -

... ;~ Ol co_urse u.s: inlJ}Cf"iatlsm _ h;_ th~- 'most.-~ gigantic, iilllitaristic,' nuclenrly·armcd Titan . in "_the ·:world._: Of course we, as Amerkan· re\;o1ution3.ries, must Work·. to St'e that H -ne\-'er re-establishes itf.elf in lrari ur any· where· else. _And, of ctJuN;c; we must· ;:oint to- th~ fact_ that the rush to th~ _present- MiddlC.'East treaty:wus, induced precisely by the rear of the t"nnseq,ucnc~· of the Iranian Re\·olution.ll Nt'verthelc~;we must not per·--· mit the· indij;(enous Iranian counter-revolution_ to hide under the slogan or anti·imperiri_ism. as_ some:· iii· _the

-l,.(ooft are tryin~ to: do by brandmg nut·nn)).· U.S .. im· peri&lis<it but Kate Millet :mil, indl'!ed, -the whole:wom·

3

en's revolutionary mo\-·emcnt as il · th<')' arc "agents or hnperialism."ll Nothing could ilssure the_-viCtory of-the countcr·tevolution m<lre than that kind or·.' •·anti· im"pcrialism."

Let ~s. insle:.d, tum to the genuine indigenous runts of a m11st unique- rc\-·olution. the very ont' that Is now being so bandied about as if the unly point lnvoh·ed

-in it, great though thai was for that year, was the Constitution o( 1906. The 'Revolution lasted -from, 1906 to 1911. We turn to this period not only for nationalism but internationalism. :.nd not only for_ the past but the fJresent.

Ill. Two lrcnfgrt Revt~luticns, 1906-H~ and Today's One lnok at lh~ 1P06 Revolutionl1 will reveal its

two greatest ft.•atur-es that today's Islamic- celebrants keep quiet about. OiiC is Its inspiration i:J the. Russian Jtcvolutlon of 1005, Indeed, it was al the height. No\-·ember·Dct"ember 1905, ·that thr first" general strike broke out in Teheran. While tuday Iran means oll, In 1005 it was llaku. Russia, that mc:~.nt oil. ar.d-beeause thousands nf lrani:m oil workCrs Wf'rt• in Russia :~.itd were innplrcd by the RuSsian workt'ts righ:ing Tsarlsm, theY learned abo about a vt.•ry new form of orgar,bation ....:.. Soviets. This, th~n. was what became th~ Corm nt' spontaneous or,::aniza\lnns In· lr:m as wdl.

Till' uniqu('ncss in Iran was that what harl started · ot:t, lndit::enously enough: a'i a !:CCrt.>t orj:!:lnization, be·

came -Anjumcnl, a v.;ry ut-udy duul J.!nVeanrnent - local units nr,::anized lnth•pcndenth-· f'•f ·the Shah· and- -thro Majlis by popular l.'it'c-tlons, defcndinl! their inde-!Jend· ~nt'e un tin· .l!r<IUnd that thert• was luo much bureau· . cralk curruption in the 5'!uvcrnmcnt. Uy -1007. tht:sc

10 See '"" fo.hlo•!<ll •-[Q~P!·h<ot"l: V.!o.. 1mpt"uolo\m'i M•ddle-(ot• Outpo~t·• 1Ht•• & l.etttl•• Ap<ol 19191, ·

: 1 oe .. rte '""' Le M=nole a•ttct.- {l!t<1 ot:"~"· "''"'n <f'VOrltd the ~!a•>den a! ""' hM\et"" oq~•<111 kate M•llc:t. II•• W<>mf1'> • l•h· e•ot•<:-n•l" demon•t<ch"ll '"' P,.tr;"»l "' '"""a"ll' ••th lhfo he"· ,.,,, ,....., .. ., <oed th~or o .. n t-•"""""'" <,of he•no hecUM bY ho"•a--'1 •tt.~der.u ,,aiiiY Mo~>•~a ... .,,rn-"""'0 \he" ~•:.oant ooa•"U U.S. '"'f..,.«oi."...-o ,..,lh "l<>''O l••• Kh""~"""• Til• !<>loO,..•"<! wff•, mey t'leld <f f>l't'U ''"''g'""'e '" "'h•th, ere• fiQ<:UO'I, IN'Y o:on• dNr'd O(QT<! M•ll<"l .Jn<l hold ThP ·:!Gil 1<.1 (l<t•m lhu!, lh<>UQk ll'>it '"'""'" ... om•<~ h<•<1 .,,..,,"d hC"<, V'!o d•-:1 r101 ,,..,, .. ,..,,, ,,.., ,, • ..,. oan """"''""· f>ro..>l1 No """ -•n-•;wrl ""' e4j ... ho<>n. O.d ThtV c•c< •·~ lo:> ""':> "' ~,.,,._. r--:>"'"' "":! '" 0"~"'1 S..o tnot O.ti"Dit frc• ,.,.,,. 1l·'ll·791. --

l'l lt,o """tt tt"le..-a"l b<>C~ "Tlo9 lint Rwniono ll••el111ie111 Itt'"'" p••t "" Ao.•l• b~ l•o• ~P•<lrn- t"'l, t'rc-nhl<!·t1""· 106::!). f<>< loom he•no, a~ trno orrotr h=>"l..• '"''"''· ..._., ct (etolto•l ol !tie Ru1:.oan RP~<>Iuho:>n. !I " d••f'(!IV >otl\ll .... t t<> •T. O<".d I......_.Qi'l lt>o Oulho>t ,, u bou•o"'"'' Dt>Jd<"m•c, "• .~ <>I''"'''"~ n>f' ''"'~ •hoi ,. ...-. "' "~'"'" Clttour:: •~ Tile Sttan:.U"• et ,..,.;. 1A- ,.,....,., We•· ••11••1 t>y W. M"<-;:an ~, ... ,rH il-l.,., r..,,.~,.o'>d l't•n. 19ft!

it:::,~~7! .. '~~2 '1.1'i~~;o~·" •. :";~~~::. ·~~ J~~~~ ~·~..:.~ .. ~"t~~~ ~~·:;r.:·., U~!~~~~;~\~r~::~R:~~~~~~:~t•!h:J!~t''A. '::o~~~~"~~,,',~,• ,...,,...,,,,. D•l>lu!!!hHo "'""'''"· 1111<11 l!><> ''"'~•• n~r1•nt !•<>·••• '"'" '"• \.ell on fr11h•h t•lnnnl (<>On• f'<'tf' ,.,,1'1 r-otllet Undo' 1<'1><~1\ \u' O•I'-'OI , .. ,oluh;fl, Shll ,.,,.~ '"""t't lt• trm~ullltd f,., l!<l.;~u'"''"" ~"* tt•of '"u"'~""} •n•h t~,!:··~.ci.~~~r~ ~-~: .. 'D.:!I!~:::,:"~~~!~.~o~~:"!~;·~i til •; o·><l

7255

anjumeni were by no - means l!mited to Teheran but functioned alSo in Tabriz, En2.elu, ·and not only in the townS.·_ but spread to rural areas. ·_What is irenic is that one~huster...:_who was very ·rar removed from ·any- anjumeni, much less· that or women, revealed the historic role of the women })y the mere·- d~scription or what happened: "The Persian women since 1907 h:ad be~ome :llmost .at a bound the- most- progressiv£>, not to sa~· radical, in· the wo.rld. That this statement upsets 'the ideas of centuries mak£>s no differences.- lt is the fact."' (p,l91)

Shuster describes how "out from their walled courtyards and. harems marched 300 of that -weak sex: with the- flush of -undying determination. in their cheeKs, they wei-e ·clad· in their plain black robe.;; with the white n"ets of their veils t!ropped over their faces. Many heM pistols under their skirts· or ih the folds of their·>

·sleeves," (p:198) Situster conc:ludes': "During the five years follow

ing the successful but bloodless rcvoh1tion in 1906 against the oppressions and eruelt;~: of the Shah, a fe-verish antl at times fierce light shone in the· ve-iled e-yes of Persia's women. and in their slru£gles for liberty and its modein expressions, they broke through some of the most sncrcd customs which for ..-~nturies )J;.o:sl had bound their sex in the land of Iran.'.' (p.192l

It is true-anci this uniquenesS exists unto today - al"ld must, under no cirt'umstances be <:lisrcgarded in

coPing with the ulemas, mullahs and ayatollahs--that the religious lraders sided with the revoiutlcm, or at least ib fitst -s.tage,;. As ;o_gaii1st Ru:;~ia where, though Father Gapon had trig~ered the opening o{ the Revolution when his mnrch to the 'I'sar's Palace war.- trans-fo_rmed Into BlOody Sunday in January, 1905, by the Cossa-::ks firing into the. march; the Greek-- Orthodox Church sided wl:h the TsPr, the religious leaders in Iran WP.nt with thC Iranian masses both in opposing Russian domination and demanding the Shah grant a Constitution and allow-them to establish a Majll (ParliamrntJ. " But even here we must sec the negative- features,

For the first chapter, the nnC so celebrated now, th(" December 1906 Constitution, -limited the Shah's power and produced a MajU. '!'here then followed many sponlane• ous orAanltations thai worked independent!)-' of it. Once the Majli convened; the rr:ligiouS leaders beJ:Itn movin;: :.way (rom any class stru.l(~lc. By October 1907, the "Amendments the Majli passed n:stored many pow("rs to the Shah, especililly the supreme command or the an-.1ed force~f so that one could hvrdly call him 'just a ll~ure· hud. In any case, Tsarlsm. which had been too busy puttinR down th~ Russian Revolution to be overly in· volved In Iran, decided to move a&;ainsl Jt, :~nd b)-' 1008 the Cossack Rcll:iment bombarded the Majll and put down the revolution. But here still 1\nother unique feature emerttc!\, Whereas the Russian Revolution was total· ly crushed ln 1908, in Iran It re-emerged, and the Shah was driven frum his throne, It took more Cossack bri· !lades .:md British Imperialism as well as the Sh!th, alter three m~rc ~·cars, finally to desti-ny entirely thDt Rev.1· lution, -

Now, It is the dlrrcrcncc- between rhc Dcccmlwr 1900 ConsU!ution :.nd tnc October 1907 Amendmrnts which point not just to the dunUt}• In the Sh'it<' leader· ship l_n var1uus periods within :~n un~oinJt revolution, Jt ltnints'cs well lu lc1duy: the March :10 plebiscite 5\arln.: us In lhr !1\('o. Khomt'lni·Bazargon must nnt suc<"ced .lust bl'cau~e they will hP\'c wnn so bkl.' an "rll'ellnn.'" Yet we cannot cntcrt~ln any Jlluslons. It will h<' much, much harder for rc\'ulutlunnrics In fun.:tit•n. 1'1w lm· rnlncnt couutt•r-.·rvulutlon Is bt•lu.: in:;tltutlnunlb.ed.

1-~or that \'try rca~•JD we. must sto11 antllhcr mn· ment at the IDO.'l-00 ltus:dltn He\·uluHun. thi .. -'tln\~ _nut t•lthrr ., it arltt:allr ocrurn•d or huw H m•:illrt•d tlnl

Iranian Revolution, but as it .w~s dlscuss2d at the 100'1 London Conr.ress of the Russian Marxb~Bolshe;.oiks... Mensheviks. Trotsky who \;.·as In neither tendency· then,

.. and .. nos; L:..:..:c:r.buro;-!.e::- Jci:iche~ •.. th~! .. !!:, .the. !'ol!~h Marxists \\•ho had in that Revolution joined the Russian nartv. This cannot be di~.:ussCd here in any detatl: that J will do ele!'whcre,l3 Here it h>sufficicnt.to single out. from Rosa. Luxemburg's sPeech what· {s relevant for today, I am not. rc!~nin~ ta: her_ .. fa:mms theory _or· th~ · Gt>ner.1l Strike, which Is certainly_ apr,ticnble, and JndCcd.·. we just ·saw it in Iran developing· into ·the _outright in-surrt'etion. . .. . . · : ·_-_ _ ": .. _. .. · . No, what we ha\o·e to hold in:mlnd (or !urth'd [kvelopment is her attack on the MensheVi.ks who,-_on thi-: s:rou!ld · that Russia was a techno!ogl_caUy __ backward land, -wanted to confine the Rc'lolution in .tho! context

· uf the·very ~tart of the. IU"JS Germany~ Revoluticn, ulher _than at th(' erid of that revolution when Marx,·.in•his JBSG Address t11 th.i Communist League, called for the· rcrmanr.nt revolution. Hosa insiStf.'d, instead, that not only was it ri.t:ht for the ground o>£ the Russian-Revolution to be the end. nj)t the bc~innJnn of 1848, a;;_ Marx analy:ed. but, above ali. we- had' to start with \\hill was nf.'Yll in the 1905 Rti\•olution: . · · Tile ii.u:.sian Rc~!·•hJtifJtl we~s · JhH ;,.:1 nlUch the idst

act in the series of l .~o.~rgcois rc.volutions of the Nilieh•cnth Cl.'nlury as the forerunner nf;a new series· of future .proletarian rcvolutiftns, in whiCh thl' conscious ;>rol~turi:~t and its vanguard, Socifll l>cmocrac-y, arc dcstind historically to play thl! leading role.'-'

tv. Where- T~;.~ N~·w?. Each revolution di'ldoscS samethin.~ new and unique

and challenging, Tt;e· new In the Iranian Rc\•olution· re· ~ \-'Cals both new stren.t:lh and new Wl'akness.- Surely·thco sustained mass mobilizations in so de!;potle"land, :umed to the tt>eth :u:d primed by _Nixon since --UYl:O:: lo .take over tlu.• U.S. -pallccwan's beilt, for the whole Middle East, was nothing short of a miracle, especially when you considrr that the Sh:~b extended that Great IllusiOn tc1 bci;evc he would be pivotal to the ftnal confrontation bctwc(!n thc two nuclear Titans: the U.S. and Russia. Mon~ovc·r. tht'Y Wt'TC :;o SPl•ntanrous :hat c\'CD the I.<"Ct that always likes tu take j:l"edil for vanguardlsm had to admit tlu~t m~t-f!!lh·' were they not organized by, any Jltlrly, but the)' seen.'!d to be ori;:anbed by "nobody". -

Yet it would be wr'Oilg to think ~ithcr th01t,it was only !'ipontaneity that was at ... ..-ork, ur· lh:~t ."nobody" org:mlud It, Were it so. KhrJmclni,- lor whom one mil.liun poured out tu welcoml.' baek,-eould_nui. pE-oc(ed :.u_'-_ brntt•nly and so rapidly to try to saddle the ltevululion with what !le call!l "lslumk Jlepubllc" and '.'btamlr moral cm.le," "hich _we aJrcRdy saw llt work nut' only against tht.• woml'n but a.:ainl't tht.• lif~ style or a wholl.' hf:W J:!.!nerath•n til rcvoluUunary )'oulh who ·al'f' the Vcr,hc;art of this rl'Volullun, --

_Nor shuuld we entrrtJI!n <~ny Illusion about the ''supcriurity'' or lhc F-~CUlllr. middlc·C'l~!Ui lnll')h'"CIU&ab whn think thu.t hl't'ausl,l !hf'f srt• Khumrlnl nt ''symbnl nut philosopher uf rt.•llulution·•, tha~ saml' ''t.:rr:&ll'r Intel:_ IN·ttml" thAn lit.' will win In tht.• t.•ml. There is b•ll one .:rain uf, lrulh in thu.t prt•trntlnn, otnd It cnn\'('rn:;. rmt intrllt.•ct.,~tls. but Hwur)', Tht-rt> l:o no dt•ilbt that the 1:1"-'lll _we:~;knel'S ur lht• mu\·~·nwttl ntl\\', and not ·cml)' i'l lr~m. u tht.• lln·k of llwury, a lhrury ~~otl'nlmh~JC rram a 11hlluw11hy 11f luU•I Hb.-rlltlun turh illl "·a1 and b Marx'a llumanbm, hla ~hulr IIC'W C'ORt!rnt or t~oul(ht from thf-'

7C')- ., .-..oo

momen-t· lio<:- broke, from bourgeois society In 1843 until his d@ath, 1883. that Is to say, from hili Humanist Essays through Capttal a'nd the P::;ris Commune to his Ethno-logical Notebooks. .

It took ~othing shon of the First World War aiid th;i coU.;;p:o C! -t.'le ·~::t:.hH::h~d !!:::::i!:t {S~c:u!)'·-!r.te~· national bc!ore Lenin l'ecognized that,· without philos·

· ophy, without· the dialectics of liberation in_ thought as welt as in fact, a Marxism red.oced to economics was inadequate. I!' any case. what is most relevant for toda)·, and not only for Iran. is to do away with-- elitism and such. (Iuick stoca~s as the need ror:.an· "April-Thesis" to ·:rearm the party;' as if th3.t meant Trotsky's theory

-or· permanent l'evolution with its built-In undcrestlm:l· tlon of_the_-revolutionary role of the: pea5:mtry.1s

- - Trotsky's illusion that the April Thesis -me~ont Lenin's "acceptance"' of Trotsky's theory of perm:~.nent•l'evolution· no~withstanding, ~he real relevance of an "April Thesis" for the transition period:now in Iran is not the forcN id~ntity- with that theory that Trotsky built up. Rather. the plain facts of how it came to be is what we hope-will-help the Iranian··c:omrades work out on the basis of ~~e indigenous and the new. the revolutionary national and intern:o.tional forces of revolution, their'

. path to social revolution. their move from "February'' not only to April but to "October." ·

lt was the o;hock of the simuUaueity of the outbreak _or .World War I aud tt.e collapse of the Second International that compelled Lenin to return to Marx's origins in the Heselian-dialeetic and ·see that, without it. Marxism was reduced to vulgar ri1ateriaolis1n. He refused to :Jtop with mere exposure of the betrayal. Rather, with Capital in hand -as well ~.s the - political thesis of the

<-need to '"Tu-m the Imperialist War into Civil Wai.~ Lenin delved into Hegel's S.denf!e of J..oglc. Of all ~he revolutionary Marxi~:"':-Luxemburg, Trotsky, and many, many others--:...Lenin ~:lone deelded that .first of all he must reorga:lize his own method of thinking and doing.

In a word. before _the April Thesis was and could have been written, thel'e came. first, Lenin's PhUosophlc Notebooks (preds2ly, his Abstract ·or H~:gel's 'Science of Logld. Then he wol'ked out his theory o[ Imperial· Ism 16-hls controntation with the n.ew stale of econ·

omy-monopoly capitalism on the way to .state·monop· ol)·~apitalism, not outside of its relatloOship _-to _the proletariat but as related to the transrormation into opposite of a section of. the proletariat that dld. gain from capitalism's extension into imperialism. -Thirdly.· and- ;otowi! .::.U:. :::.:r.e +:!.- re:l.l .. lh•e .. ~'J<:!!_l!tion~th"! .Jrbh~. · Easter Rebellion, 1916-which ;;=:ave a ne..v dimension to the "National Question" as ... sclf·deterinioation, as •·the bacillus" of proletarian· revoluti<:>n. _

Finally the determinant em€!rges for· that protetal'i-: an revolution-State and Re,·olutlon (originally caUed· ·· ":O.Iarxism and the State")-a~d. onlY after' that ·coultl Lenin "rearm·~ the Part:,·. Far from that producing any sort o[ debate .about dictatcnhip o[ the ·proletari:a; Ordictatorship of the proletariat· and the peasantrj.•, what·. resulted-and where we should beldn-ls ·"AU' Power to the Soviets,'' that is to' say. all power_ in the hands- of the masses. their for:ns of. orcani:tation, tbelr cOn tiel of production and the state.: Lhelr smashirl;t or the bourgeois state. and by workin~ out a new rela-tionship 'Of the~ ory to practice, anJ the movement from practice· to the~ ory, the e!ltablishment o[ new human rel:ations. We have. t~itl"r a11. 62 additional Years of experienco;!, have seen Russia and China also become '<.ransformed into their opposit~. with br:th vying for- U.S. imperialism's al!iance! Surely we canr.Dt behave- as i.f nothing had happened in all those decades of maturation. abOrted revolutions as well as revolutions transformed into opposite. . >-'

There is no way to extend ar.d deepen the. revolu·- ··, ' lion if Ba7.::ar~tan ·Is ·allowed to reduce -to a consultativl!i~., role the function of the corpmittee:; ol'ganized by the workers to run the pl:lnts and o!!i::es .. The bet-that the Prime Minister feels impelled to tak:e to the air waves to declaim agalt~st wh:.t he c.:r.Us ·~the dangerou3 logic oC soviets" furthel:' expO:k:5 his e;;;piti!li.stic te:~.r ot the et-:mental paH~on for freedom rebesed by the._ ongoing revolution. Ayatollah·. Khomelni's stOpping' the· revotu. u.o~ary tribunals ago.inst the Shah's most powerful and vtctous henchmen in the SAVAK and in the iDvf'mment has focused on just how npidly he Ls ·turnir.~~: the clock back, and by ·no means only at the. expense of the women's freedom, Those acts of retM&l'ession are not •mly-danj;terous logic. They are _ar!:-or outright· counter. revolution. Let us·extend our solidarity to th~ embaltled revolutionar-ies-the new Kcneratlon of re_volutionary students a:;; well as worken: Women's Lt!Jerationisu_ as well a£ national minorities fighting for setr-determina· tion. Let us extend the activities here to stop the inter· !!!ring bend of U.S. Imperialism hungering for ~il and the !tratet;lc location for its nuclear gtob:ll aim.

The stl'ugglc- conthtlles. Raya Dvr.ayeVllk::.yia Deb·olt. Michigan March ~5. 19':9

7257

..

SlECIAL INTFLDUCTION FOR IRANIHI EDIUON OF J(A!lX' S HID-!ANIST ESSAYS

:; '' by Raya Dun~evskaya .

;:,•,. :,;;;~;:c.. .. ,._, ., •. , -- .:...-:·• ·--- _r.:,-· ·-·--:: .. -- " ·:,-,;-:~-- ,.,;-·;!.;::•-'.":'.'· .. • ..... ,- ·, ~--···1<----.-·: .• , .. , ___ -.; -.:· ~~-··-' .- ....... ·:· :,_·.-<-•:·•-'- •• ... _,. .

_ . . ··· Becaus·e· ~there i'e: nothing iitor~' eXc1. ting··fharl add.ressi.ng revolutionari.es in· ·M .. ~fif,sci;~ · ~:V~l\ttion ~-~ ·:r ):eei -_v.~r.r: 'hb4~~a_ j.o-·fia~e-· .tlti!ti: OPPo~t~,iili; ~;ii :.-~-: -19?0, tO.;"intZ:odU_C·Ef~.,r:a.Z.X~ G .1l34!f:_EC9~cim£C-1-hll.osoPhl'C_ 1-~iis¢.r.1.'.Pt:S ;: jihfch ,,"op~ed an~ Eintiiel)r;. neW:~ :;On:U:ri~t"~ o_f' ',thought_ and- revo~u ti(?n. -~hat -~~:nama e .. :·a ·.:.~•; ·,. ·: . H.?Jil~~· ':~.'Il~ei .Y.efi:i::.tha:t · I.-J1aS ;:r1:rat · abie:::to:~pilb~sli ·'tlieSe~·-HWnariiSt --?~~s -~~-: aS ~a.i;i':ApPcjidlx :w_.:mY<wcil:k,~ ~r~Sm ·and: Fiiiedom·;·-:a,-·q~r ''o·t:: a ~.century' ·agO~--::·-_ coiilCidCd ·td th- "the·-·Huri8Ui'~ · R6Vol.utioii- :aga.in.st·~_aus·s:ta.h' ·.:t-Ota.'ii iarictnlenl' _. · '-~~~ng _itself Communism. 'Ihus,- beth :from beiOw;>tZom-·ar('aCtwii ·P:roletarihn···: revol.ution; ,a.n,d ._from. tl1&ory, .. a ;-today~ness ~was ~sh.Ejd . up_on._ thes!3. , Essays tha. t had '!ain on_.,-ijie ~dWJ':ty·~shel:ve·a '_o£ archiveS _.drid had _.ii.fiV_~r·: been 'pfa.Cti'ced;_. Ee~u~e .· ~:t .. tne' ;coriteilipO~- HoZ.Id'.needs Diost'_:t.Oda~~ia_ -'a \tidty_of:J-~-'s:Ph~l.osO.PhY·-- · -o:f lltei-a:tfon· .. with- mf'outrlgnt·'reVOl.utio~nj '_We 'riluSt-_XS~e-Xamirle·,wna.·L).t' il3that t·!a.I:x .. _!md ~·meant,;.me·n_;:_.iii'_ t11s gr6a-ooSt:,th00riti·cSJ..)iom;· ea:pu:a.1}~11e· h.~ __ ; ~~:.~ -~ deCl~q :: ~'hUman ·-J?O~r-··is ·:1 ts. _. oWri'' Cn'd ·~I' -ana wna. t:. lif hf;;.: Ver"J :-.firSt hiE:tcrlciJ. ma.terlal.lGt · aii'a:.lyS9's . __ in- .f844,' lie hB.d.' !iteciiit: ___ oy __ saying·_ "co.inmunism, as :.a~ch, .-~s; not the goal. o-r h1.1IllM -deY'el.Opnuint,. the ±'ol:in of''hurr.an so'ciety"-.::.w-hat tho ·goa1· is, -_l;s.::'t:he Crea.~on :()f' ::to~ nell, p1at;3.S':":le~s, ... h~an relatio~~~ -

.. ·.;-~ .: ... '· .. '•. ··~ .~ .... ~ . , . ifuen~ycu. tum to the Ee:says on "Irlvate . .~:roperty: and, ColrJ!lUllism ana.

.tha·:.','Crlti«i:ue o£: .~he Hegelian D.iaJ..ectlc,_ ... ;tou·~.U nOte ).hXe:e ~ngs_at_C?~c;:e:": First .·and~ foremoSt __ ;ifi t.~t the Ma.lysid of .labcir=-..:and',-_ths.t .is·_wa.t _d.istin~.· :. -guish96.]-i8.:rx ·:rrom .all ~the%-._ SOciallsts':~d 'Ccimmuil1B~~---o_£._1i1e _day J!!isl .. ci.~~~-:--·., goeS ~inU® .:flii-%Eir --~an. the, ·_etJO'nomlC·~ StriictU±e ·of' .;so_c~et~~ ~-Hi~ :~ysi_s . goeS to tho S.Ctual hUman relati:ons; Secoiidly, · 1 t n"as riot· only .l{~gq_l )rh~~-)~ · stood on hi.a fet.t by uniting, instead of sepa.:rat1ng, thinkihg;:fi-Om --bOing. It waG a.l.so the .. "quite -vulgar and _Wlth;inki.ng cOmmunism .. that compl£tte.ly _negates the· peraonall-t,y;~£ man~~· 'Ihird.J.Y, 3.lld.above _all~ ·is f:iarx~s.concept··-~.£'la:bor-tha.t 1t is the crccitiVl:ty-o£' tlie l1iboz:!!.!: e:..S'the gia.ved1gge:r_.r--~ capit_a.l:1.QI!l

.which uproots all of' the old. Whether capitalism achieves· the:dominatlon of labor -·tl;lro\IBh' ·owne.reh1p _of' o2:' -:-~rqugh . control _.over thE~:_ means . of: _ P";Qduction, what'J~rx. f"ocuSea:o·n·,ia thisL·any,_•_•dom!ruiUOn' Ove-_r ·the labor·_or:~o_thers"- prqy,ea riot- only CB.Pi_ta:U.Bm 's _elcpl~1 ia.~ve ·,but pC_rve:rse nature. To .:rurther stress . theperversE:{ ·.11:8-ture ~ ~~-·Bay-s ·~1:h_a t· the_- lihol6 · of'_. ·ca:Pi ~-em _ c_ould . ~.·_summed up_ '_in a _sin8:le. sentence=·- "Derid: la.bOi-·_~orilinatCB _llv+ng ~labor;", 1h1~: ellis's i'c;J.at1o_ri:.h1p tntnsroims_ -.t.he"llVing-_labOTer i.O.to.·uan ~:PpcridagEt to. the'.'mSchlne." F.~re is''':'· how Et:.i-x exp1:'e.Bse·s 1 t in ·the Hwnalilst E5aays i" ' · ·.. ·

:'Irivatc. property ha.s mad a us. so stupid lllld:_one-sido_d that •• ~_in · · plar.e of._a.l.l._t."ie .Physical _and spiritual--seilses tliere.1B the .'sense.

of~P.<?Bses_aion. _whiCh ·is· the- simple "aliclna t.ion- of'·-~1 'these: ·aensec •• _ .' . . 'Ih'8'~.Ci=w!6ce_nd.~O .o_:r_ priva.1:.e propei-ty is, __ thoi·~fore; "the ~tota:.:. f)::Etei'ng of' all hUnian.-aenSos find a.t.trib.ites, •,· .:~·· · ---- . - _ ·

.. '~·. '

'It-is "~ere,· t.O--~ake sUre that OnO'thCroby doeS·not ·jumP~tO.the conclusion .that.;the a.bol1t1on_of _ _privato property_ creates __ a new_soc::iety, tha.t J·la.rX :i-aj_eated._:t.l-16·, 6ubst1 t\itiOn of one. :f'o:z:m ~.of' proPcrty•-st.ate--:for .private as My o_clU-t;.ion .tO tho.:prdbl'ar..a Of Cxploit=.tion ... ,l;-t-~s_,vhy'h~ ~jf'it~~e·d '_' ~'vulSa.r arid un·thf:nklrig ·.c6rimiW11SI!l~" focuairig·inotoad. on two _other_ pro.i:ll.~zn.a·i -1) truly nen human reltit'ions, 'th.B "netl Humn.nicm!' :!.n place of' CommunianJ~~and .. 2) tho totali tv of' the uprooting of all old rnln.tiono so that the dunl · rhythm of' eoc1al..~rovolut1on--the o.l..Jllt1on ot· .the _q:J,d o..'"ld tho creation o£ the new--woul~.run cthei%--fu~l Course. -.- , .. , .. , ·:·; .',:· .. , _

£or i-:hich In ord~r -.to~.fu_i~: ~a~p)!O.rx'_s Hiatorlcu.l. n\terla.ll~. thtt ·roundation wa.a-1nid ·by '+.heee Hum:ini!t Eooayo, lnt un· tul:-n tO t.h~ h!c;:tOey' of'_

\;,; ·-,,"' ''· .. -

r.!a.rX's day_ as well as of today~··: 'uimt··~e·'~ee·~·:.'firBt and foremost, is that f.hrx, in l.aying the foundation of Historical Vater1alisr.t, w&.s· also Creating·.the

.·.ithep~-:..~_r .. p~1t'!ta;r.·~~ ,l;eVOll,ltion,:,',~e, ~p.;tectic;,qf' l:ibq:::?-~.cn-:.· ~""~' e: great-est di~?pve~-,:~s_ .c~~-C'!::~:t, ·~o~ _ Mpq~- ¥¥~~-~Y.~~~4--~ !-CC'~la~pi:E:r; rt:P:,~ ~-~_Q_t.".t~,s~;.a · , f-orce }Jf ... ~?Ol1;1tfo~._.Jni't-. j_~s'-._l<~~on...;t~.~~-11;~~-~t :,-:!he:o :Pxo,l,e_tar~'~t ~-s ";~~ -:·.v-· :..:-Su~j~ct;" ~~ Universal' :subjeo_t :_that was· not:.just -~-- produc_t 'of· history, -'_b•1t

its :~P.ezo(.~~-~.~t_··.~:~_-e ~/)~l?o.~Bh~ng;_::_:th~_:-~_iP1~i-~-t:iV~:~~~\~Y ;:· .. ~e t~: -~. ~::_: _ .. ;:-~·: exl?l.o1.~.4c.~~e~~:t.·_i._~ the -tranafomer of "realit,v; .-,!t~~s .. here ::i;hi!-1:: .~~-~-·-,BEl:l! the co~~ :~:~-r~~·-,H~~e.l:1~-~~~ec~.c;::~g-:-.'i1;h~i,~di~~;c_~,;~c:·o:(~ega~y1,'o/. ,~a ... ·: .. :' the movi11gand c=ating'prln iple "·.. · ··•· · • ··· ···'·~·" ... ···' · · • · ·--·~·· ·

.:::.. ... :.:·":·_-~.-:·.;.~ .. l2 , .... _,,.,_ ,, _.~ , ~,~-.t '~ 1 .---··~-·->- .-. . ;;~ '"'·;:: n:.:_,,;_· -~··'' !.:~~.;:::-_;;:_·:':' -~-~~ ;·,._.-.:..__ .'.::· ,·: :·e;;

:: _ _-.:,_~ ... J_.:~: :·c __ ·'"cjn·~~tuaii't !::-\;O'ntiiiUed.···i_~;;:·th~:-:tiea ·_hidd;;n·:·ii(Heigel • a:":· .. '· ::::---.· :··-: lhenOiheri.OJ.o"eit'~bi ·riilld~"'tile_-nlOVeiuen.t'.o:r-·hi'GtOr:(.: __ ' ' The ·zn.ystiCal ·veil ~Hegel·_ .·. :-.. :_·

· -~ugn_ ·ovcr:·.i_t·:mu~t. be'-_remiro·Sd·,~- _bUtHfa:X -'fi.Om·· tti'Znirii hiS ·hick· Ori 'l)hilOSo.PriYi:· . Ea.rJc trazlsfo_rmed. ){e~,ei"'B .. iWf01lit1on ili'~fOSpby ':fn-£o ;:a.·- pH11cisoJ:hy Of .. ~:<· · · ~V?lut10n'. ·.Yh!Ch:"-.~s-~ Wcy !•3-.C.: "held ·tttat· ~·uumam.sin _ distirigu.iS.."les--;1 is_e~ -~ Ui.:rro·m _I~eallam. "and ·r-ra:_terlilfsm; '_Ei.rid is';~ S.t·;the: ssme~.t:tme. ··the_ truth·~_ uniting:;· bOth';. (and) .capable of giisp1.Dg ·;the 'act> of world llisti>zy;'"' : ... ' ... · .. '' .. ' _, ;;

- .,_, •. '' ',., .• •• • .. _,,-,,, -" ~ '~ c ,., : ._._.,. -·.- ,.. '.'; •• -< '- .• ; ._ •• _,:_. ' .. - -.'' '

"Grcisp.i~g- .fue aCt .. ;C):r·~OZ.id··hi~torY'Ine~t ·-th~t-he-hB..d 'to pro;6izilm ,. "z:evol:utioil .. in permanence•• uhen he ·caw that_ no sooner had the r.1asses helped tlj6_ "ooUrgeo1s1e gidn-:vi.cfury· oVE{z.:-J."euda:l.fSr:i·_in. the 184B~revPiUt1otis_ than. the 00tL~~-~1s~.o·,~urnea --~st .. ~el?:··~·:~. w~en_· h-e __ w1 t~~sse~_.:th:e ·g,:ea.~~S_t 1:-c,Vol:u:~:ion in his_.tii.le:•· the 1871 ·rro:is_Commune, ,and saw·the.mac_see take'destln.J __ into:' · the'f~ :ol{n :haitdS; _ J.ia.rx 'deC~d- that ri.On-Sta te- ·tO b8 ·the "Frill tlCal f"o~·- at ::: laa t ·.·d1sc·C".r$rSd. ~to : l_ror'".C _cUt ··t."l-9 eCo-nomiC~ ·om.:t..~'C!~ . .:.. tiO~:f' ·: t....;e -·~leta.rl.at. ·~- ... As Naci~eXI>t~fGscid·iil · ·· - -~ "";_:~·- ,. · ·

'. ·" -- ' . '· '- . :' .. · . '~,,__ -. -'-: . -- '., ',· .. ' -;" -·:'' .. ' - . . : . ' ' -' ., ' . " - ' - ~ .·--- -... - ~ -''

, . -~ 11e ~should_· eSpecially avoid re-:-establl_ching_ society _as en· · ·_~bstl:&CtiO:l;· ·opposed tO. the''in·d-i·.rid1Ja.1. •. 'lh~ 1ndivid~ i.'s the "50Cia.1-'erit1ty," · · .... : .... · · ·.::· -·:_

.:~·! _:,:>·--· ;··

• :·:-.--,~\; _ ..... ,. • • •• • ., .. ,,. --· -- ''0 ,. ··- ---, ..... _, '· .... ~--·~.. • , .. _----_ · .. ,. _- l-aix 'raised·_ the- question ,o-£· "re•r01ut1on ·in pe:rma.r~e·nce' -"not-only· -£or 'hls ·day J~ut :as ~the· w8.y out -£or· all--Unfinished_ :zoevolutioris~' :NO' age·cc3.ii'l.UldeZ...: ., ~ S'ta.nd~that_._be'tter :tbB.n ·_oUr own,·· plAgued';oOth' by_ :traltsf'or<!13.tiOriri ill·t-o' OPpCifSlte ~.tkr .e~Ch X:ev:.olu~O~~.;.;s'uC!1 ~.as· ~e~t -Wt:l~CJJ;: ~w- ih~_ f'irs~i{_#)rk'ora' ·.G:tate~·;tija.t _·,' arOse !'ronl the_ Rus:ai~ BeVl'lUtion "tum into ''the 7stt:.t.te-cap1 Ui11:at morisfroS1. ty that RuS!li'a 15 rloWI ·Afld bY ·the ·abor_t1.ng· -of ·:to'eQ.i'a icVolu.t10i1s ''bE!rore evar they_·i:Ome to complet10li.- · - · , , · · ~"

..... -ThO qtiCStiOn 1St llhA.t -h~PponS efte±: __ tha _:first ·aqt Or-Z.OVol\it1on? Does conqueSt ·or_ powo:t<asauro a ·claes-less :society or onlY a."new ·class buraaucra.ov?, Our age, which hS:a :,!1 tnesaed 8:- 'lihOl·e Dew· ?biid Wo:t·ld ~_maerge £rom the atruggie 'aea.iiuit 'liestern impe:clauem·'(u. s. imP<>ri-,J.!em most. of a.ll) 'in latin America as in Africa., in the ltl.ddlo East aS in ··Aa10:, 'neod9 tO ·demtind t!1at "g.rn.aping _the _act of' wo:.:l.d histor;y:' means spellintt out: total freedom.

. - -" . ' ' .. --- ' .- ' : . '·' ~ " - . ; . - - . . : HOre _·agai.n·;· r-:a.rX':ca.."l· ·iilUmirui. te' C?_Ur .. taSk 'in: th~- ma':irle:!" in' ,;,;;ich ':he .

spelled--out: how tow··rnuet~bo the·:upxootir~ of the old o.nd the· creation -of': tile neW. ·He tUrned io.'tho itlOs_t- fundSJtiental of allhu:nan' rolationa--thS.t ,·of. mali 'tO WO'n:an. !n 1 t we see· why· J·iarx· oppcaed both private p~perty and "vulBlJ.l7 commun1sm 11 1 ,. .. · - · · · - - ·- -- · · '

:-~--

· .. n~o :lri~;fn1to dogN(lntio~ in which -mllll ~:<1L:t.o ·:ro;;hirnce:Ii' 1o ox}lreeoed in thia relation to tho w-cmn.n as· tho ·cpo11e end ha.ndmaJd of luat. For tho aooret of tho rola.tirmuhlp of' rnun ~tO _m~~-)'f1.nd::; 1 ts unamb1PYouo, defln1 tivo, nNil, obVlou~,- c:xPres_sion

7259

in the- ~iat1.onshl.P o:r man to woina.n, and in thiS wB.y, the direct, natuzaJ. :relationship between the sexes. 'Ihe direCt, natural-,: necessa.:cy: · ;celatiollship of man to. man is the -relatiorislrl.p o~. man· to-'\f'OmS.!l ..

clearly, "eaCh of' the human ·relations o:r_ :the :Wprld~seefng, hearhlg,sm_en·, _tas_te, f'e_eling,_ thought,_ perception, exPerlence, ~wiehi_ng · c.ctJ.v! ty, lov1ilg11 :muat,_txanscend lnere equality, a needed f'ii-st aCJ,..ievemen":t--but·not_y~t-:

, the need_e_d · total: ~o%-ganiza. t.ton of· h~an ,~la. tiona .. · __ A boll tion. of' _the·. old j.s ·-: only ·:the 1'1rst ·.mediation._.- ."Only· by the transCendence of' _this mod1a:Uori~.; does 'tll'ere_~se positive Humanism,- beginning f'rom itse~.,!~_. ·._ :, ·-. --

As· o~le foll.ows: IJarx'.~ vi.ew of-_to_t.U_ freedOm,. one- can 'See how. :ra.r·. beyOnd teChri.ology Harx'a plii~os_oph,y 'of: :revclution ·extended. _i.ong _be:f'ore· __ the atom "Was ·spllt and _out of it came, not the greatest Product:1:Y.e :force;. but the moat destructive A-bomb, H:.bomb and _N-bomb, 'lhrx _wrote __ in. these E_s3ays~ -~''fo- .

_have one basis _.foi-·lifo arid another f'o:r Science. ia !! ~-.a· lie;" tii th Hiroshima., we saw what-a-holocaust the ·lie of sepal.atil_J.g- the reason ·-ror _being -f'J:,:,m the reason 'for scientific development can beCome.: Now, rlth the eruption :.of' ~e world.:~tdde ant1-nuclea.r·_~ovemente··we can· Se'e all over~~ how~urgent it iS to stUdy and :practice t·arx's new .cont1nent_of·thou@lt; As the· great EnSlieh po'et, Wil1ia.m··BJ.ake·,- cxPre_ssed it, .nothing.is-~o_re .bindi?S t.'la.n· · "mind-forged manacles. " tat us finish w1 th those ms..nacles once and -£or- all. a

It !.s with- the striving f'or euch a manifesto of_-total_ :freedom th~t I, as ·r-1a.rxist-Huma.nlct,- express my solidarl:ty with the Ixan:!.:m revolutionaries as we·. al1 aspire to a ne·.r 1nte~t1on8.llfll!l. , The- otruggle ·continues •.

HOvember, 1980 . Detro1 t, !-J.ch!g'a.n

..

·-~~-::..·.;,::._;_ "1.:;·,· ::"J!' ,;_,.~ :',~'.- ·,::'."

:-';:J-.f~v >;;~;?-,.:_._-·.;.:'":• ~!!"..-; ~:·.~ :;_~.""~r.:::;;<.'C·. ·_.c-~:c.:.::; .. ;:-c ":<:l~ .. t ,;_s~;,_~ <>.";f"":"'; .. - ?;·r,_ ::.,,.

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··:_•:) c::·l·~i(lt~::r::)-.;t"" ~ _.l·-·.·.••J;-<-c.r:~:-~:-,. ;;·;··· ·•',r__...._ ,,.:. ;~;; ,,~~,::_ .::;_; -_,:rn ;·:~:-'1:~

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Dear fC:harle·S .:Denby_:-~_,;:.:; 1 ~ :·,- .•.• _.. i .1. :-. _;; •• _. ...:._.;~~1 ~;·:'"!:.<).:-c.-~_;,!::----~:~.~- • :~·-· . :·' _,. ':·-.::;;..:· :-.. ~.-.-. ,.-.:. :· :~.-.,,_..j ~-.• _,.t,.,_·,::·.r.. ,;:_> ----- .. ·.~ '.>' ~.j:J: .~tn::·sure.:; there.:wil \ ,;·b~·-.<;:ov_~r~ge r:.gf:: t~e.--:~i-~-:!:1 ; 1~~;.-,~n .. ;:~~~ .. ~i~ .--,_;

;!r:.tlte-:n~xt·:is~ue:::of;News.·~-&~-Letters., .i~lJ.t::)'I :-.~h~~ght,-,:t_~~ 1,~~~ ~~- ,~ct.:!:s-:; ... ~·~; · cuss with ~:you· 'S()me::of~_~the past_,_revol~t;i~nary: deyelopn1:ents __ ,thel::e ,.so,

1-'tllat:~tO_d_ay~.s,·:context~- dans-·be.--Se,en:,-'i,n .)t-~ 5~9t~l:~ty;~,,~~ha·~ _i_~ ·)tO'· SaY!;:~ not!:Cnly t-as ~-ahti-Sheh snd ~.-anti-:'itriperialis.m .. but<. ful. iy .. reV~l\J._tiOiia"rV. For:;;i:bat, :::we need::to..:return, to ·.November, .;·_1917 ~ .. ~~e~S_\lse:_~:l~- t~~S .1 ~~~,~: ramificat:ionS·tof::.the.--Russian·tRevolUtion- whiC"l. -spread throughout. the

"worfdland."included~.Iran.-.· , .. , · · · .. :,, .. _·: .. J, ··· ·· , · · ;:7··, ~~~ ~i;~~::~~i~g· ~he early w~~ker;,' .. ~~te' ~id '.;~s~.l:~:~b;;;g;.i~-

, thef'Tsar:!at!..imperia1 treaties; ,,-;,hich ·for. ·Ir~:lri-_mSimt ~-the ... :~nd:: ~£-'-fihEi . - - . .-' . . .. . ... ' ..... ~' .. -- . - .. '. .. ·~. old Anglo-Russian division ,.,here :cran in t·rte north wae Russia's !'Spliere~Of iil£-tuenceto·! .. ·.and • in.-:.- the south~rn. oil,-~fietds i~, ~as:.-.

,·]~n~le:t:~~~~n;. _: xt~.iS\'nO?-':.<rJ:an: tbat.:-stan~~- f~r C!i) . .-. -b':l~ _.'t.~,i~ar: .. b~~~ ~.~ 1 the'.-'tUrn:.:ot: 'the:.c_entury:-_-no ·:less th~~--2QO,~C'O:-~rani~~~.' <m.c'r'Y ~:rpm,_~i--~ ._the,J?ioVince.'i·of_'.Gilan-,.-.-_,.Rere:·worki~9~::in Rus~;a.'_ s,.C~~c::as~~n- oi,l;,. ~-; .. fieldS. -'rhS: 1905:·-Rusao-Japanea~_~war;: s?;lC?Ok Ul;)_. th~ . ...,.l. .. ·ho~e ~~a~t ~nCL_,,_, ;_ Middle~Ea:'lt",: :'since .:it:-: was~. tbe firSt,--tima, -an-}\_sia~. ~pow~~- ~~: .ov~;r , __

~:--:- Tiulr~~-;And·~-just:·.as·i within Russia .. -."it; produced a~ revol:ut~on., ~o~ lt_._ led ·::t·orthe establiehme:nt-::-0£ -the first MarXist groUp ellSo·.-in.·.:rari~ J:n any case .. by 1917, the re.;,olutiOnary impac·t On t-he_ l:'ra-~:ton·.~.--·;~-.·_- 1 ') masses, agein in the province of Gilan, led to a revol•Jtionary up.;.. surge 1wnich,·-by 1920, actually ,.etabliohed a. Socialist Republic in Gilan.·,,--, .... _,, · .. ,,_,, .. · .•. · · · .. · ·· ·· -,,., ..

:, ~ .,""'\ ' "'

. Since. it!was a coalition of~ Marxists· and nationali"sta .Whichestablished the Republlc. they no soOne~.~-e~l.ared f~r,_;a!i~- ':Ce~o.r.nt~ and the liberzttion of women from the vei.l than there waD a breatl:uP 'of 't'>at coalition.< nv· the til'le the: Republic, also trie<;3 .. to. H.berate Iran,·.· it- was' bloodily· put: down.·. And who; rio -you ~UT?P~~~ -~;~ ~.!:l_a~,. ~n

·;1921-?-'·I"t was· .. the fsther of t'ha·-present- Shnh·, .. an.army-.of_fic_er n~nne1"; Riza··l<han_wc;- who soon: ther"!after~ crowned hiTnSelf the· s~a"1)."" · .. , ,~:-;;

•• ~ > .. ·"' ,~ .. ,,

Britia'>c im"'erialiem ·pern.itted his rule to continuo up to_l~orld

- 7261

-2-

l"lar. :rr. By then, ~·lith u.s. imperic:ilisiT'r s connivance,. he was forced into exile becauSe "the Ti'est" -was suspicious of his de81inge·-·with the Nazis and wanted to_ keep t'tle sl.1.ipping lanes open for military aid. to their ·net.'f ally, Ru'ssia. That doesn't mE!:an t11.a_t they put dot.-m the eo-call~d PahlaVi 11 dyna_sty". No, they enthroried Ri~a I<han's--s-on, t}?.en pn_;tY 21. on~e again, there \>TaB the Anglo.-.RussiSn ocCupation of l:rct~---~nd __ t;~e young--Shah learned ·he was but a vassal of U.s.~ imperial·iSIO.. ·stBll-ri'•·s~'RU'ssia, hoWever, was not t'he Russia of Lenin· and ~rot~kyjl and had· its own illusionS about ... remaining i.n :Iran,_ dernandingt in ·fact, some oil conCess-ions .. At the Cnd of ~.oJWI:I,.- u .. s. _imperialism auic.!.<JY.''I>\lt:~a'n ·;'-ena -to.'thai:'"i·ltusi'oii''ai1d -'stalin also learned that u.s_. imperi~li:sm was ~ g1oba1· Power.. -

~'le knOt.,i' that u.s.' imperialism was likeWise :n-Ot 7Without .. ~'i.•l1u-·:j · sio~s. -7t_ dreamed that its military might was sufficient'to·keep·a neW ~-r{!VOiuti.qna~ \ipSUrcje': £%-Om :;rea:ppt::ia·ririg ~- .I'i!he r-exa'ct ~- oopo&i te wa_s the·.· ~ase~: Th'ili tin!e~-- 'tlle··-·Nat'iOna·l. ~Frorit~"·i}st,;_en_q1;)lE!ned:-;by.:prolet~rian ana ~pe,a~~arit'"ie·v:oits'/ succeedea; ~~1>y7·1951:;o :tn:::·PUttinq~Hossadegh in .. !~poWer .. :-.,;ritli it '~Came·~'-the ~:ncitiOrlali~ation·.:Of:· the ::·oil-·-industry;:-::By .:.the ti~~-:·t:he·s~.-~·events~-1-i_ad: 'd~evei.Opea::sufficient:J.y to- -~ut ::£ear_,;in _the~! ("jr, hei!irt:_:,c)f_ the• mlan~ a'nd., .. t~cike ~'11in1-- fleer u.s: -·imperialism had_ -pr~duCed ··a ·:giOlia'l'- 'cOtrl War';'·~-~~hicb':hrou9nt rgiSenhoWer=·to-;;the~:~ftlite r-Housei·-.;;--~ Dulles· to the State Department and J.f~.arthvi:am: to :the·,\U~S' •. ~W'it!)in---a.week of the _.Shah's fleein9"r tlte CIA ~ng'ineered a militart coup andbrOU911t~:tne-~~_han b:~Ck:·-to . .:j:;oWer::· -:'rhe reJ)ression::-started·rat. once~ it WC:_ii" nOt~'tOnr:J -thereaf.ter·-~-tha£·: tli·e: SAVAR>6Utdid tne·.-:c:tA'.in-·.brutSlity-.

. "''1 :.~--. -~~· ··_;-, ~ .. _:_r.- .. :.'.--;, .. r• -.~;_'· ..... -.. --· ••. ·'··'· r ""1"-. . ,. . - . _· ' ' :. t~-': -:,_ ,_) .. ·:::;; :.:re ···knO~!, tlla€ · t~e-;;l9c:}0a-··were a=-::revolUtiona%-y. tlecade thro_ugh~ut

the! ~6l:-id-~- -:·But-:':the' -'boUrgeOiS _ presB~'l iri ·:·this.-: country:-:_ So.' l?layed_!up_·;,!:~e sn'ab. tg. SQ:;Catled i.u~rtJ-i~te -·RevOiuticin"~~a: milf:l-.~lana-,...reform-~that;wha~ itic1-_·n0t'~ st8tl_d~"0Ut:\_glarin.g1Y. ~Jas·.~tha t,.,_this· .Caroe ,after; ,tben:Sbah.-:maaeacred:'a genUiU~lil.-.T?oPU:t·ar Uprising··' iri=-Teln:·an~ i tSel·f:'· in: 1963 ~·~_·Along-~ with ~:the·ae _deVetoPTit~ntB: Carne'· tnec:billiOiis"·· from: oil·• l the~• c:orruption il1: t~e p!ii~Ce-·-·ana-- in the' nlil:ita%-y,-· the,-:qopb_li~q up"'".of.;t~ose ·:_bi-llion:. iil"·ilrmBr ana:--tne~--Shah•S-·neW Gran"d :rllusion..,t'hat'he:..was truly:-a .h_~_.;· global powr. "· "'··· - .,,., . ..,... ., • · "·- .,c. ,.,,

. ' -' '• - • .£ ~ -· -- ! -- ~ '"! ~ "

. •-!'1at ·'th~yall' try to forget' is that • the 1970s are. not. the .1950s, either in J:ran or in tbc u.s. T11e CIA does not have- any srich pOwer as it 1.zielded in 1953 in the :tran Coup--wb.ic"l)r unfortunatell .. does no'~~ niean '· tnat· th8y· dO ·not- have~ intentions· of~ ·rel;)eatingc- a-nother cOUnh:tr-i:-eVOliition-·-in- :.:r~an-::· -:.-~· · - - -·- ----·: ' ·: · · -

----· - ' -.,·;

:··The .very:-- fact·' th.;,t· rn8rtia1· -law had -to· be declared not only in Teh·rar.·r b~t_- _in."ll' Other ~ci tie a,· :including Itifa_l-tan;- a tso -biings; up: the i.rUeStio11 ·of -the_· ·rel.:i\r:J,ous movement. _The-_-Shah:tries.-_to __ cover __ the unyielding ~eVOlt ·of>tne ·masses---as ·if it. were nothing· reore--~the.n· a -1'tr:Oh 11 urged on b~{ those •11ho •'lish to turn the clodk ·bs.ck. ~~ile . tbe-re· is no--dOubt' th3t some o~· the' Moslem clergy; ere rea'c::tionarie'-Sr it is not true that they are setting the directionr that tbey _comprlse what the Shah, with -'his penchant for contradictions, calls

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"Islamic Marxists. 11 ~'lhcat -is true is that when a revolution is genuinelY_ popula-r. it involve-;-the_ nation -as a wltole. And ·iri that confrontat"ion some unsaVory charaCters may be preSent.

'": _,, ••• • •• _' ----f ---.--_·· .......... -.~-·< ' j .·_.·

·~·'_:: :J;.~::)-i~~i~h~.j~~~ -:I!loye~n~·~·bo~~~f!r-.: t~~t:_, deCi~~s"~~~ .~ire~t!On·~~;- ~~'- -rais_es .. the, __ flag of ;-liberation,._ and-1shouts.,, .. ,~_Dpwn With:. the;,..,S"nzth~-- as ()~~-- 9~, ~~!~ma~y ~~~~a.s;~~9_~:-;~~~- en~::~~~-~~~~~~!tYi;a-n~Y. :~~~~p~d:~b.Y~:~~: ~e:r~~~n .}~IEP,e~!!!'l~~':'l?· :~ r::F9~ -:,~h~t; ~~~t;~i:--1-;,-::~~l)'!e ~~::-tlt~ ~~~~:;~~~~a;_ .. ;;~ · women s~udents:-~have~started to. wear ~--the_ .yeil ·• ~ _not_ .. bei:ause _"'theY -~are

~~!!~~~~t~!~~~~;~~~)~ .. ~~: •• Jltl~ 'b~~,;~~~·.t~~~~·~ii~~ :;~~ ~. ~~:- ·~~ ,~:;~· .•. :.;f~r[·.:- •.::··~f.-. ,-,_~, ':·~~.;··_~-,~~ ··:·;:: .·-.{~£:.:-~_~~::___"-,-.,.:- .~-··.· .. _ •. _.,'.:'. :.-sc\--;\-,:·. ,::.·::·:: ·,-:·_, .. ,.f;; Fr~m~::tl).~!- ~mper_ia lis~~~ .. , rilC)>!=It. -.~e~q:tionary:ol?oi~~·-~P~ _: ~;e~~-~1)-d.,_ t~at

is headeC! by u.s. iroperi.alism--let us not. forget that it i.s not just the S~a'h that,_it:J,.being protected against the _mB!Js revolt •. but the global interests-of the imperialists. And it is not at all exc1uded that. if the.-Sha1-t and ·his mi1itary regime cannot totally destroy this movement, tb.e Shal-t would be removed .. Evervtbing from a "cons-_ t~.tutiona1 monarchy" to a full mi~itarv_ regime is possible~-

.t:-Jhat makes it not just pOssible, but .. probable,. is the fact that the other global -pat'ler~ Russia, is not :rei:!By to 'initiate t-T"ttri m.•er :!ran. And.t,e supposedly more revol.ut~onary regime, China. _though_ it considers Russia as Enemy Number one, finas 'liore in cOmmon ·-with

-Russia in t'he sense -that, as state caPitaiists., the:O, are just like the 11private 11 capitalists in tlu;ir total. oPPositi.on to ·one· thing arid

· one thing only--and that is an outright ?roletarian revolutionary regime.

Tb.is is t~e international tragedy--that the Left., even that part of it \-1hic'll does see that Russia and China 'lave separate national interests that out Weigh everything else, floes not see-that it is not only as nations t~at t~ey do not come to the aid of the revolutionary movement: in xran. Rat11.er •. it is that they aro opposed to revolution--genuine mass revolutions in t~eir own countries and

--else-where. it ·is tbis whi~h unite~ them a9ainst spontaneous- r~volt: th~ugh each., as nation., considers tbe ot~er, as nation, "'Enemv Number One, .. both are errually opnr-:ded to ra'\roJution, nationally and internationally ..

, ~ _, .At __ thi~ point, -.h~weve~'. bo_th- of these nat~_ons are simply standing' aside·. ·American imperial.ism wil.L' do--nO· sUch t.hing.· 't-vl•CL'ot:cu:; it cannot achieve '•rhat it ac'hieved in the Cold 'o7ar. it hno no intenti.on whatever _of letting t'he revo1".ltionaries ·win. l:t cannot be underestimated that it put t~e present Shah on· t~e thronet it killed the nati.onal Uvolution in 1953: it nre:fers 'the Shah:-wltom it has arm~d- to the, teet1t, . above_ even saUdi Arabia as_ ,••t'le- gueranto.r · of the Gulf and the :tndian oceans."

:tt is not only tbat Iran's oil (and that is' second on1y to

. . . ·---~"'-'"" ·-~·-'•'-- ~--·-- ---------·- -----

.~IJ_{f.'~~-.' ;; ...

s~-udi_- A-r~bia Is)·.·, is c'ruCia"t to ~lest~rn. impe-rialism. b~-t th8't Xran 'is'~ tlie ii:iai!SBgeWay_-::.fof.::a il~:of/ tlie '-~Ml'ad·lei·-E_S:St:_~·s·- o·i t~'·to:·~tbe? u~·s·.

_·EurO~dand~\Tapan·~'- _j'lJ:-nd~ed'ZJ-iitS~ge·ograPniC··-lOC:~-tiOti ·make·s~it ev~i:y~£ ·o bitY~socruCf!8·t~·to~tlie:,.wnOie 9tobii'L_c0rl£1iCt'~a·a·!£t~ 'Off:O:.; .... for i.E fB'?.l

thf3rip8g_sageway t:b:fthEi :tii"dla~ :r(;cean_ asr·'Weil:·~ as ';t1i~-:_·R~0_0ScEi~ ,-:~tli~'f 0;h! ;cro_ssr&adif.~co~_;€H_e=Middi~~:Ea_st--~~_and-:;a'i~o ·t:o_jA-%ii:c_:a~·~<-·;·Not·:;orJry_·; _ '';;-."':G~: __ there£0re7:]zml~e 't"'e' ~sOli&ctri~et . ._,it:h . th~ · :rran~an:-:MaSses~~~u:J8iniit.!.ir! S"~ · bnperi'alism;-···-hUt·wa trtUet focus on the ·:eact_.that· u.'s:. imperialiBin-rr:· heads 'the qlobal· counter-revolution'·... The-. best \BY to end -that

:.'_. rc> i.e o ~iS~ tCF ~:i.n:terts if:} -~the·c revOiUEiOnci cy 1:acti Vi ties·:.~ i=iglit ·:·here·: · •'•<,,c-_:~.-:: .:'- •r .•. ,., .:..,,;,_;·.'..-··;_ --, ~'.i .. r ';_; ~._;-_,_--1:- ·~ -.,• '!i:/ <1 ,,.:; r- •

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