15
Marine Technology

Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

Marine Technology

Page 2: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

2 3

Founded in: 1898

Employees: > 550

Subsidiaries: Ortlinghaus (U.K.) Ltd. / England Ortlinghaus France / France Ortlinghaus AG / Switzerland Ortlinghaus Drive Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd / China Ortlinghaus Drive Technology India Pvt.Ltd. / India OOO „Ortlinghaus RUS“ / Russia Manufacturing: Wermelskirchen / Germany Gams / Switzerland Shanghai / China

Sales: Worldwide via agencies

Marine Technology from Ortlinghaus.

Otto Ortlinghaus established the Ortlinghaus Group in 1898. It

originally manufactured machine knives and tools. Since 1923

Ortlinghaus has been producing plates, which form the techno-

logical core of most of our products.

Today, we are a fourth-generation family-run company with more

than 550 employees and manufacturing sites in Germany, Swit-

zerland, and China. We are proud of our long history and have

structures and processes in place to ensure the long-term stability

of the Group. Our values and long-term targets, which comprise

stability, innovation, and growth, are aligned in this respect, too.

One of the most distinctive features of the Group is its collabo-

rative culture. Shareholders, management and employees alike

all have a firm commitment to this. In addition, we promise our

customers to always and unwaveringly protect the Ortlinghaus

brand, which is embodied in the quality of our products. Since

the foundation of our company, we have repeatedly left our mark

on technology history: As early as 1932, Ortlinghaus produced

multi-plate clutches as a complete machine element.

However, we achieved worldwide renown with the Sinus®

plate, which had a substantial impact on press technology. The

last decade has seen many breakthrough developments in the

field of mechatronic systems, especially in the press technology

and marine technology sectors. Recent examples of these are the

COMPact and Prop.act shifting clutch systems, which include so-

phisticated mechatronic controls.

Next to the marine technology sector, Ortlinghaus is active in the

following industries:

• Press technology

• Agriculture & Forestry technology

• Construction technology

• Oil & Gas technology

• Materials handling equipment

• Mining technology

Page 3: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

4 5

We have been operating in the field of marine technology for

more than 75 years. This means that we can now offer a full

range of products from plates, clutches, and clutch systems for

ship drive systems, to brakes for deck machinery.

We are the only company with extensive experience of manu-

facturing clutches which has also proved highly successful at

producing its own plate linings. Ortlinghaus has an outstanding

reputation for quality all around the world – and we are dedicated

to upholding this. We work with our clients to develop individual

solutions which are characterized by innovation and superior

engineering.

Our global network, consisting of more than 25 branch offices,

sales partners, and service points, ensures that we can respond

quickly and stay in touch with our clients’ needs.

Marine Technology from Ortlinghaus.

Propulsion technology

Marine clutches serve to transfer power, synchronize, and

separate the main and auxiliary drives.

The main clutch is responsible for synchronizing the drive unit and

the propeller when turning. With the right setup, our multi-plate

clutches can be used in trolling mode to enable a continuous

speed adjustment between drive and output.

Other applications include Power Take-off (PTO) and Power Take-

in (PTI) clutches which can be switched on or off to operate

additional pumps and generators.

>> Page 6

Deck machinery

Our hydraulically released brakes and hydraulically actuated

clutches are installed in anchor and mooring winches as well

as in towing winches for huge AHTS vessels.

On the same hand winches in davits are equipped with

hydraulically released brakes or plates used in customized

designs.

In all these applications we either offer a safe holding function

or overload protection of gear components for example.

>> Page 8

Port technology

Safety brakes and operating brakes are used for hoist winches or

cable reeling drums in port cranes. Additionally, Ortlinghaus offers

products for overload protection of the winch gearboxes. Plates

are used in customized solutions. Parking brakes are installed in

the drive of straddle carriers to keep the whole unit in a fixed

position.

>> Page 10

Page 4: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

Combined engagement clutch with flexible clutch

Torque: 5,000 - 17,000 Nm

6 7

Series 002/021 / 202

Torque: 22,000 - 1,600,000 Nm

Features: · Hydraulically actuated

multi-plate clutch

>> Page 16

Applications.

Series 022

Torque: 100 - 30,000 Nm

Features: · Plates with sintered,

or organic lining

· Hydraulically actuated

multi-plate brakes

>> Page 17

Series 002/021 / 202

Torque: 22,000 - 450,000 Nm

Features: · Hydraulically actuated

multi-plate clutch

>> Page 16

Prop.act

Torque: 13,500 - 24,670 Nm

Features: · Self-sufficient hydraulically

actuated clutch system

· Stand-alone solution

>> Page 20

COMPact

Torque: 13,500 - 24,670 Nm

Features: · Self-sufficient hydraulically

actuated clutch system

· Flange mounted

>> Page 18

Propulsion technology

Main drive

Plates

Torque: 150 - 1,600,000 Nm

Features: · Sinter or organic linings

· Steel plates

>> Page 14

Page 5: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

8 9

Applications.

Hydraulic multi-plate brakeSeries 022

Torque: 500 - 150,000 Nm

Features: · Plates with sintered

or organic lining

· Hydraulically released

multi-plate brakes

>> Page 17

Hydraulic multi-plate brakeSeries 022

Torque: 80 - 20,000 Nm

Features: · Plates with sintered

or organic lining

· Hydraulically released

multi-plate brakes

>> Page 17

Series 021

Series 002 / 021 /202

Torque: 10,000 - 90,000 Nm

Features: · Hydraulically actuated

multi-plate clutch

>> Page 16

Torque: 10,000 - 90,000 Nm

Features: · Hydraulically actuated

multi-plate clutch

>> Page 16

Series 022

Torque: 100 - 1,200 Nm

Features: · Plates with sintered

or organic lining

· Hydraulically released

multi-plate brakes

>> Page 17

Series 600

Torque: 30 - 10,000 Nm

Features: · Spring-applied multi-

plate slipping clutch

>> Page 15

Series 100

Torque: 20 - 1,400 Nm

Features: · Mechanically actuated

multi-plate clutch

Deck machinery

Slewing gear

Crane winch

Davit

Anchor winch

Mooring winch

Series 600

Torque: 30 - 30,000 Nm

Features: · Spring-applied multi-plate

slipping clutch

>> Page 15

Series 600

Torque: 30 - 30,000 Nm

Features: · Spring-applied multi-

plate slipping clutch

>> Page 15

Plates

Torque: 150 - 1,600,000 Nm

Features: · Sintered or organic linings

· Steel plates

>> Page 14

Page 6: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

10 11

Applications.

Port technology

Series 002/021/ 202

Torque: 22,000 - 450,000 Nm

Features: · Hydraulically actuated

multi-plate clutch

>> Page 16

Plates

Torque: 20,000 - 150,000 Nm

Features: · Sintered or organic linings

· Steel plates

>> Page 14

Plates

Torque: 300 - 5,000 Nm

Features: · Sintered or organic linings

· Steel plates

· Brake application

>> Page 14

Hydraulic multi-plate brakeSeries 022

Torque: 80 - 1,500 Nm

Features: · Plates with sintered

or organic lining

· Hydraulically released

multi-plate brakes

>> Page 17

Hydraulic multi-plate brakeSeries 022

Torque: 500 - 150,000 Nm

Features: · Plates with sintered

or organic lining

· Hydraulically released

multi-plate brakes

>> Page 17

Dredger pumps

Main drive

Cable reeling drums

Winches

Port technologyPropulsion technology

Page 7: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

12 13

Series 002 / 021 / 202

Prop.act

Series 992

Drive train concepts.

Conventional drive technology Hybrid drive technology

Prop.act

COMPact

Series 002 / 021 / 202

Page 8: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

14 15

Spring-applied slipping clutchesSeries 600 / 700

Ortlinghaus slipping clutches are always used when external

peak loads need to be absorbed and smoothed safely. They

provide protection from breakage, especially for anchor winches

in the marine sector. As the release torque can be set, torque is

also transferred during slipping so that no uncontrolled torque

transmission takes place. A reset is not required either. Our safety

clutches have proven their worth in decades of the most demanding

marine use and undergo constant further development.

Length: 90 - 560 mm

Bore diameter: 12 - 220 mm

Outside diameter: 70 - 700 mm

Torque: 20 - 200,000 NmT

For dry- and wet-running clutches and brakes, Ortlinghaus is able

to provide a very comprehensive range of plates. The plates and

the friction surface are important functional elements in every

clutch and brake, and have been developed in many different

ways since the early days of clutches and brakes. The choice

of friction system depends on the application: in general, one

plate with friction material works together with a counterplate of

steel or cast iron. The inner and outer plates are mounted with

Torque: 150 - 1,600,000 NmT

Plates

the other drive components by lugs and slots, and the spline

is in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other

standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

shapes in accordance with customer requirements are available.

Combined with a multi-plate clutch or brake, these plates come

in a multitude of different dimensions, friction combinations, and

surface patterns.

Fric

tion

dia

met

er [

mm

]

Torque [Nm]

100

10

10,000

1,000

Port technology

Propulsion technology

Deck machinery

1,000,000 10,000,000100,00010,0001,0001005,000500 500,000 5,000,000

50

500

5,000

Plates in marine technology

Torque [Nm]

Dim

ensi

ons

of t

he s

lippi

ng c

lutc

hes

in r

elat

ion

to c

lutc

h to

rque

100,00010,0001,00010010

10

3,000

1,000

100

300,00050,0005,00050050

50

500

Outside diameter, bore diameter, and length [mm]

Outside diameter [mm]

Bore diameter [mm]

Length [mm]

Page 9: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

16 17

Length: 64 - 755 mm

Bore diameter: 35 - 500 mm

Outside diameter: 90 - 1,200 mm

Based on our friction linings, which have been tried and trusted

for many years in the marine sector, clutches in this series reconcile

high torque and thermal absorption rates as well as a favorable

outer diameter. A high shaft diameter can also be used.

Due to their broad power spectrum, smaller sizes can be achieved

with corresponding weight and cost benefits, especially in higher

torque ranges. The optimized outer diameter makes shorter

distances between axles possible, and in this way offers clear

savings potential in the gearbox.

Torque: 150 - 1,600,000 NmTRotations per minute: 9,800 - 350 min-1n

Hydraulic multi-plate clutchesSeries 002 / 021 / 202

The hydraulic multi-plate clutch impresses with its comprehensive

service friendliness. The plate pack, which is wear-free under

the specified conditions, can be accessed from either side

depending on the model, and ensures an easy, safe, and swift

replacement of the plate pack. The special design also ensures

that other components cannot fall out during replacement.

The Ortlinghaus muti-plate clutches safely accelerate even large

propellers and generators. This optimal further development of

our tried-and-tested technology sets today’s industry standards.

Hydraulic multi-plate brakesSeries 022Length: 59 - 360 mm

Bore diameter: 18 - 350 mm

Outside diameter: 83 - 910 mm

Torque: 50 - 150,000 NmTRotations per minute: 6,570 - 450 min-1n

The 022 series is one of the most successful Ortlinghaus

products. Well over one million units are in service around the

world wherever safety brakes with an extremely long service

life and quality without compromise are required. In marine

engineering, these multi-plate brakes are used in the deck

machinery sector and as shaft brakes.

The advantage of these wet-running, hydraulically released

and spring-applied multi-plate brakes is the high torques they

achieve in compact dimensions.

Hydraulically actuated brakes are also available as a special version.

The spring-loaded brakes are safety brakes, which automatically

work in cases of pressure failure. The brakes can achieve full

torque even when there is no pressure.

Tdyn [Nm]

Dim

ensi

ons

of h

ydra

ulic

clu

tche

s in

rel

atio

n to

dyn

amic

tor

que

P/n [kW/min]0.01 0.1 1.05 10.5 105 314

1,000,000100,00010,0001,000100

100

10

1,000

3,000,000500,00050,0005,000500

50

500

3,000

Outside diameter, bore diameter, and length [mm]

Outside diameter [mm]

Bore diameter [mm]

Length [mm]

Dim

ensi

ons

of s

erie

s 02

2 in

rel

atio

n to

sta

tic

torq

ue

100,00010,0001,00010010

100

10

1,000

300,00050,0005,00050050

50

500

Outside diameter, bore diameter, and length [mm]

Outside diameter [mm]

Bore diameter [mm]

Length [mm]

Torque [Nm]

Page 10: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

18

Trolling operationCOMPactPTO-Power: 40 - 70 kW

Ratio: 1,4 - 2,6

Power: 2,500 - 3,100 kW

Torque: 13,500 - 24,670 NmT

PP/n

PTO

Speed: 1,200 - 1,800 rpmnDifferential speed: 650 - 0 rpmΔn

Output speed: 750 - 100 rpmnEngine / idle speed: 500 - 750 rpmn

Cooling Power: 24 - 100 kWPMax. water temperature: 38 °CtMin. water flow: 3,5 m3/hV

With COMPact – our shifting clutch system – we have taken

another step toward the future. The hydraulically actuated, wet-

running clutch unit with flange connection, integrated oil supply,

and hydraulic control can be installed on a ship as a ready-to-use

compact unit.

The COMPact functions as a connecting unit between the engine

and the rudder propeller in working ships, tugboats, supply ships,

yachts, passenger ships, and ferries.

The COMPact can be used for situations when permanent slipping

at idle speed is neccessary. Further the clutch system has a power

take off which can be used for a hydraulic pump for example.

COMPact impresses with a series of technical innovations and

advantages, which make it efficient and economical to use.

The trolling mode allows very fine adjustment of the propeller speed due to the slipping capabilities of the COMPact. The wet running

system ensures wear-free operation and trolling within defined technical limits. The minimum output speed while slipping is 100 rpm.

During trolling operation the output speed covers a range of 750 to100 rpm while the engine runs constantly at idle speed. From engine

idle speed to maximum speed the clutch is fully engaged.

Technical data COMPact

Series 66 72

Powermax. kw 2,500 3,100

Speedmax. 1/min 1,800 1,200

Torque enginemax. Nm 13,500 24,670

Operating pressure bar 25 27

P/n kW/min 1,4 2,6

PTO-Power kW 40 70

Out

put

torq

ue [N

m]

Trolling range

Idle

0

5000

10000

15000

Trolling range

1500

1500

1600

1600

1700

1700

1800

1800

600400 1000 >>

>>1000

500300 900

900

100Output speed [rpm]

Engine speed [rpm]

700

750

750

Engine constant idle speed 750 rpm

200 800

800750

Series 66

Clutch fully engaged

Propeller characteristic

Out

put

torq

ue [N

m]

Trolling range

Idle

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Trolling range

1500

1500

1600

1600

1700

1700

1800

1800

600

600

400 1000 >>

>>1000

500

500

300 900

900

100Output speed [rpm]

Engine speed [rpm]

700

700Engine constant idle speed 500 rpm

200 800

800500

Propeller characteristic

Series 72

Clutch fully engaged

Page 11: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

20

Prop.act – our shifting clutch system is a hydraulically actuated,

wet-running clutch unit. It is a stand-alone system, wich is bottom

mounting. Within the drive train it can be connected between

two shaft ends of the cardan shafts for example.

Prop.act impresses with a series of technical innovations and

advantages, which makes it efficient and economical to use.

The Prop.act clutch system can be applied in hybrid propulsions

between the E-engine and the diesel engine for example. In this

case the power take off can`t be used because a stand by pump

has to be installed

Trolling operationProp.act

The trolling mode allows very fine adjustment of the propeller speed due to the slipping capabilities of the Prop.act. The wet running

system ensures wear-free operation and trolling within defined technical limits. The minimum output speed while slipping is 100 rpm.

During trolling operation the output speed covers a range of 750 to100 rpm while the engine runs constantly at idle speed. From engine

idle speed to maximum speed the clutch is fully engaged.

Technical data Prop.act

Series 66 72

Powermax. kw 2,500 3,100

Speedmax. 1/min 1,800 1,200

Torque enginemax. Nm 13,500 24,670

Operating pressure bar 25 27

P/n kW/min 1,4 2,6

PTO-Power kW 40 70

PTO-Power: 40 - 70 kW

Ratio: 1,4 - 2,6

Power: 2,500 - 3,100 kW

Torque: 13,500 - 24,670 NmT

PP/n

PTO

Speed: 1,200 - 1,800 rpmnDifferential speed: 650 - 0 rpmΔn

Output speed: 750 - 100 rpmnEngine / idle speed: 500 - 750 rpmn

Cooling Power: 24 - 100 kWPMax. water temperature: 38 °CtMin. water flow: 3,5 m3/hV

Out

put

torq

ue [N

m]

Trolling range

Idle

0

5000

10000

15000

Trolling range

1500

1500

1600

1600

1700

1700

1800

1800

600400 1000 >>

>>1000

500300 900

900

100Output speed [rpm]

Engine speed [rpm]

700

750

750

Engine constant idle speed 750 rpm

200 800

800750

Series 66

Clutch fully engaged

Propeller characteristic

Out

put

torq

ue [N

m]

Trolling range

Idle

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Trolling range

1500

1500

1600

1600

1700

1700

1800

1800

600

600

400 1000 >>

>>1000

500

500

300 900

900

100Output speed [rpm]

Engine speed [rpm]

700

700Engine constant idle speed 500 rpm

200 800

800500

Propeller characteristic

Series 72

Clutch fully engaged

Page 12: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

22 23

We have been operating successfully for more than 100 years –

and we are proud of this achievement. Experience, structure, pro-

cesses, and systems are key words in explaining what makes us and

our products stand out. We like to call it the Ortlinghaus factor.

Experience

Practical experience and acquired knowledge form the basis of

our success – but we never rest on our laurels. We are extremely

well versed in marine technology applications and their

requirements. That is why we are able to develop completely

new, innovative solutions for our customers or make intelligent

modifications to existing products and systems with the same

degree of success.

Industry management

Sales and order processing at Ortlinghaus are structured in a

unique way, with a focus on industry management. Our staff are

highly specialized in particular sectors and concentrate exclusively

on trends and requirements within their designated industry.

The industry management system is supported by technology

experts who are each dedicated to a relevant field of technology

and its technical challenges.

Marine technology is one of our largest segments. We have out-

standing expertise in this field, comply with recognized industry

standards, and can boast worldwide references.

Processes

Systematic development processes are crucial for Ortlinghaus. We

constantly analyze our markets, the trends in key areas of tech-

nology, and our customers’ needs and requirements. The results

shape and optimize our new product developments and versions

of existing models.

Systems

Our systems for designing clutch and brake systems are one of a

kind within the industry. They enable us to calculate products pre-

cisely and align them with all the relevant application parameters.

Our new product developments are recorded, structured, and

documented in our own software systems. This speeds up the

design process for any additional versions which are developed

in the future.

The Ortlinghaus Factor.

Page 13: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

24 25

Technology ExpertsPlates & Hydraulics

Operation & series production

Industry Manager & Sales Partner Industry Manager & Sales Partner

Manufacturing

Specif cation

Technical & Commercial

Industrial Engineering

& Sourcing

Eng

inee

rin

g&

Sim

ula

tio

n

Prototyping & Testi

ng

Thermal limits

| Test

bench

| O

il te

stin

g |

Mec

hatr

onic

s |

M

echa

nica

l eng

inee

ring

Ortlinghaus M

anufacturing and Supply-Chain Management

Ortli

ngha

us R

esea

rch

and

Dev

elo

pmen

t

Client task &Market requirement

Sales Groups

Market launch with customer

Ortlinghaus Innovations Process.

Constant Customer Feedback

Page 14: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

26 27

An integrated management system (IMS) that takes into account

all processes is the basis for Ortlinghaus’ corporate policy. Quality,

occupational health and safety, and environmental protection

play crucial roles for our company.

We have analyzed and documented all relevant processes in the

value chain. Our IMS is based on the resulting summary of pro-

cess descriptions, plans, procedures and guidelines as well as the

Ortlinghaus Management Manual.

The management system is the basis for all business activities

in our company and for our relationship with our customers. It

ensures that all customer-oriented product and manufacturing

specifications are reflected in elaborate instructions regarding

quality assurance and quality control and that they comply with

the relevant operating instructions and quality standards of the

Ortlinghaus Management System.

Our quality management system is based on the ISO 9001 stand-

ard. In the area of environmental protection, we are certified at

the Wermelskirchen site according to ISO 14001. In energy man-

agement, we are certified according to ISO 50001.

Ortlinghaus assigns the highest priority to occupational health

and safety. We live up to our principles in this area in our daily

conduct. At Wermelskirchen, we are currently working toward

ISO 18001 certification.

Our goal is to minimize the impact of our activities on the envi-

ronment. For this reason, all employees of the Ortlinghaus Group

have committed themselves to complying with essential environ-

mental guidelines. In addition, all our processes in Wermelskirchen

are certified accordingly.

We are convinced that long-term success can be achieved only

through the right balance of economic, ecological and social

conduct.

We certify our products according to your specifications (e.g.

DNV·GL, Lloyds Register and CCS).

Quality, Health, Safety and Environment.

Lack of fulfilment of conditions as set out in the Certification Agreement may render this Certificate invalid. DNV ZERTIFIZIERUNG UND UMWELTGUTACHTER GMBH, Schnieringshof 14, 45329 Essen, Tel: +49 201 7296 222 Fax: +49 201 7296 333 - www.dnvba.de

DNV BUSINESS ASSURANCEMANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFICATE

Certificate No.: 120629-2012-AQ-GER-DAkkS

This is to certify that

Ortlinghaus-Werke GmbHKenkhauserstr. 125

42929 Wermelskirchen - Germany

has been found to conform to the Management System Standard

ISO 9001:2008 ISO 14001:2004 ISO 50001:2011

BS OHSAS 18001:2007

This certificate is valid for the following product or service ranges:

Development, manufacture, sales and service of plates, clutches, brakes and systems

This certificate is valid until:ISO 9001: 31.03.2017

ISO 14001: 25.04.2015 ISO 50001: 14.05.2015

BS OHSAS 18001: 31.03.2016

Place and date:

Essen, 01.04.2014

for the Accredited Unit:DNV ZERTIFIZIERUNG UND UMWELTGUTACHTER GMBH

The audit has been performed under the supervision of

Frank Nicolaus Nikolaus Kim Lead Auditor Management Representative

Page 15: Marine Technology - Ortlinghaus in accordance with DIN 867 and DIN 5480 as well as other standards. In addition, holes in the plate for studs and special

hese

lsvo

mbe

rg.d

eOrtlinghaus-Werke GmbH

Kenkhauser Str. 125

42929 Wermelskirchen

Germany

Phone: +49 (0)2196 85 - 0

Fax: +49 (0)2196 855 - 444

[email protected]

www.ortlinghaus.com goM

arin

e / E

N /

2.00

0 / 0

9-20

14