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College of -------------------------------------------------------------

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of ----- in ------

Ferdinand E. Marcos: A Man of Ambition and Wisdom

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II. Abstract

This paper attempts to know the people’s views and opinions towards Marcos

and looks closer upon the facts and reasons why people feel the way they do regarding

Marcos’s regime. Marcos is undeniably one of the most controversial presidents of all

time. Definitely, he is a man worth knowing about and this is the reason why this topic

was chosen. By reading this, it will benefit one’s idea about a brief discussion of history.

Table of Contents

I. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..3

II. Literature Review……………………………………………………………………4

III. Methodology…………………………………………………………………………6

IV. Results and Findings………………………………………………………………..7

1. Life and Education…..…………………………………………………………..7

2. Political Career…………………………………………………………………..7

3. Achievements……………………………………………………………………8

4. Problems………………………………………………………………………..10

5. Martial Law……………………………………………………………………..11

6. End of Power…...………………………………………………………………13

7. Feedback about Marcos’ Administration…………………………………….14

V. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….17

VI. Appendices…………………………………………………………………………17

VII. References…………………………………………………………………………20

VIII. Bibliography…………………………………………….......................................20

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Introduction

Poor political or management skills are some of the reasons why the Philippines’

economic and financial stability are at stake. We have had outstanding ups and

depressing downs but we have never been able to lift ourselves to a spectacular

progress. We have also been managed by several presidents, some strived hard to

uplift the country, some did everything to improve anything about our country while

some organized plans to bring this nation to a higher level. But all of the presidents are

different from each other. Some were like martyrs, heroes and peacemakers while

others were corrupt, unjust and abusive of their power.

Ferdinand Edralin Marcos, the 10th President of the Republic of the Philippines, is

one of the most controversial presidents of all time. His achievements regarding our

country has been marked as the most progressive accomplishment a man has done for

his country for twenty-one years. His ideas about innovation, risk-taking and economic

growth and development made him a great and amazing ruler. But after stealing billions

of money from our country and his wife having enormous number of shoes, he is indeed

someone to talk about. This is what makes him so different from the eyes of the people.

His secrets have been kept hidden but over the years, most of it are being exposed.

The laws that he had imposed made an unforgettable experience in every Filipino

citizen. His organization and implementation of rules and plans disagree with what the

people believed in during his administration. Despite his accomplishments and projects

for our country, many people hate him because of the cruelty he had done to the

treasury of our country. He is definitely a president worth knowing about.

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Marcos’s life has always been controversial. Knowing what truly happened during

his reign would be an outstanding topic to explore. In this research paper, Marcos’s life,

presidency, and Martial Law and its effects to our country will be tackled. Reasons why

many people have different opinions about him will also be discussed. His

achievements, problems and downfall as the tenth president are about to be exposed.

At the end of your reading, you will be able to understand the things that are unclear

and very unusual to bring out up to this day. Why he is different, we will find out.

IV. Literature Review

One of the things most talked about when politics comes to mind is power.

Ferdinand E. Marcos was the tenth president of the Philippines and therefore, he had

the power to rule. But during his administration, his power was inviolable. Everything

that comes to his way, he has a solution for it and everyone who engages upon him, he

deals with. Power can be seen as evil or unjust, but the exercise of power is accepted

as endemic to humans as social beings. In the corporate environment, power is often

expressed as upward or downward. With downward power, a company's superior

influences subordinate. When a company exerts upward power, it is the subordinates

who influence the decisions of the leader.

When a politician is in his place, there is a considerable amount of time he

serves in his office. This is called a term. In Marcos’ situation, he served our country for

three consecutive terms making him the first one to win thrice on Philippine Elections.

His twenty-one years of service is undeniably a long amount of time to gain fame,

riches, and controversies. For three long terms, he was able to establish achievements

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and improvements but he had also planted problems and difficulties that until now are

being discussed and known about by our citizens.

Almost all of the presidents would dream of having lots of achievements in order

to be known. According to the Webster’s Dictionary, an achievement is something that

has been accomplished by hard work, ability, or heroism. Marcos’s accomplishments

are very helpful up to this day. His agricultural and economic growth and developments

made an outstanding remark during his time. His goals for our country were

accomplished and his achievements make a helpful and useful tool up to this day.

An unforgettable law during Marcos’s administration is the Martial Law. The

Martial law was declared to suppress increasing civil strife and the threat of communist

takeover following a series of bombings and a government-staged assassination

attempt on the Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile in Manila. The declaration of martial

law was initially well-received by some sectors, but it eventually proved unpopular as

excesses and human rights abuses by the military emerged, such as the use of torture

as a method of extracting information. 

Another unforgettable concept during his administration is strikes. Strikes are

defined as an unlawful act, especially one that results in a conviction. Many people

were outraged by Marcos’s government and therefore bringing strikes everywhere.

Rallies and other forms of resistance sprang up in cities and towns all over the

Philippines. During the next two and a half years, all segments of the population,

including the upper and middle classes joined the struggle to get rid of Marcos. 

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A dictatorship is defined as an autocratic form of government in which

the government is ruled by an individual, the dictator. For some scholars, a dictatorship

is a form of government that has the power to govern without the consent of those being

governed. Marcos was known as a dictator during his administration because he took

extraordinary powers to himself. He consolidated power by manipulating public opinion,

stealing elections, perfecting the arts of political patronage and bribery. Arrests and

assassinations kept the public living in fear.

A sudden loss of wealth, rank, reputation, happiness or ruin is considered a

downfall (The American Heritage Dictionary, 2000). Ferdinand E. Marcos’ end of

administration occurred after the election between Corazon Aquino. After the

assassination of Benigno Aquino, Corazon Aquino ran as a president through a snap

election. Marcos was declared as the official winner but strong public outcry over

the election results made Corazon Aquino the president. Huge accusations were made

against Marcos and most of the people hated him for his wrongdoings.

V. Methodology

In accordance with our chosen topic, Marcos’ Administration: His Achievements,

Problems and Downfall, we have made and conducted surveys in order to know what

the people’s opinions and views are regarding Marcos’ reign. The surveys were

conducted on the twentieth of February 2012 involving students taking up Bachelor of

Science in Legal Management at De La Salle Lipa. Interviews about the topic were also

held at the school’s premises. Some were students while others were professors. They

were given letters of invitations and we gave them enough time to comply with the

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event. The interviews lasted for almost thirty minutes and the interviewees were given

letters of appreciation.

VI. Results and Findings

1. Life and Education

On September 11, 1917, JosefaEdralin gave birth to a son in the village of

Sarrat, on the island of Luzon, the Philippines. The boy was named Ferdinand Edralin

Marcos. Persistent rumors say that Ferdinand's biological father was a man named

Ferdinand Chua, who served as his godfather. However, Josefa's husband, Mariano

Marcos, was the child's father. Young Ferdinand Marcos grew up in a privileged milieu.

He excelled at school, and took an eager interest in martial skills such as boxing and

shooting.

Marcos attended school at Manila. His godfather, Ferdinand Chua, may have

helped to pay for his educational expenses. During the 1930s, the young man studied

law at the University of the Philippines. This legal training would come in handy when

Marcos was arrested and tried for a 1935 political murder. In fact, he continued his

studies while in prison, and even passed the bar exam with flying colors from his cell.

Meanwhile, Mariano Marcos ran for a seat on the National Assembly in 1935, but was

defeated for a second time by Julio Nalundasan.

2. Political Career

In 1965, Marcos hoped to secure the Liberal Party nomination for the presidency.

The sitting president, DiosdadoMacapagal, had promised to step aside, but reneged

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and ran again. Marcos resigned from the Liberal Party and joined the Nationalists. He

won the election, and was sworn in on December 30, 1965.President Marcos promised

to develop the economy, improve infrastructure, and create good government to the

people of the Philippines. He also pledged help to South Vietnam and the US in the

Vietnam War, sending more than 10,000 Filipino soldiers to fight.

Ferdinand Marcos was the first president to be reelected to a second term in the

Philippines. Whether his reelection was rigged is a subject of debate. In any case, he

consolidated his hold on power by developing a cult of personality, like those of Stalin,

Mao, or Niyazov of Turkmenistan. Marcos required every business and classroom in the

country to display his official presidential portrait. He also posted giant billboards

bearing propagandistic messages across the country. A handsome man, Marcos had

married the former beauty queen Imelda Romualdez in 1954. Her glamour added to his

popularity.

3. Achievements

Looking back at history, during the Marcos administration, social justice finds

concrete translation in development of plans and programs. These interventions were

focused on eliminating illiteracy, expanding employment opportunities, sharing the fruits

of development equitably and introducing requisite of institutional change. The

measures of development—the Gross National Product (GNP), literacy rate, and life

expectancy had been secured during his lead.

Food Sufficiencywas conducted and improved. The Green Revolution and the

Blue Revolution are just some of the methods used for this sufficiency of food. Other

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accomplishment like Education Reform was also accomplished in which access to free

education widened during the Marcos Administration. The Agrarian Reform was also

formulated. Tenant’s Emancipation Act of 1972 or PD 27 was done without bloodshed.

This was the first Land Reform Code of our country. Since it was implemented until

December 1985, 1.2 million farmers benefited, either they had become the owner or

leaseholder in more than 1.3 million hectares of rice and corn lands. Primary Health

Care made medical care accessible to millions of Filipinos in the remotest barrios of the

country. This program was even awarded by United Nations as the most effective and

most responsive health program among the third world countries. Housing for

Masseslike the BagongLipunan Improvement of Sites and Services (BLISS) had

expanded the government’s housing program for the low-income group. Energy Self

Reliance was practiced. Indigenous energy sources were developed like hydro,

geothermal, dendrothermal, coal, biogas and biomass. Export Development was

achieved as well. During 1985, textile products like garments and embroideries,

furniture and rattan items, marine products like prawns and milkfish, raw silk, shoes,

dehydrated and fresh fruits were exported aside from the traditional export products like

coconut, sugar, logs, lumber and veneer. The maritime industry was also dominated by

Filipinos wherein 50,000 seamen were employed by various world shipping

companies.The Labor code that was promulgated expanded the concerns of the Magna

Carta of Labor to extend greater protection to labor, promote employment, and human

resource development. Unprecedented Infrastructure Growth was observed as well.The

country’s road network had improved from 55,778 kilometers in 1965 to 77,950 in five

years (1970), and eventually reached 161,000 kilometers in 1985. Construction of

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irrigation facilities was also done that made 1.5 million hectares of land irrigated and

increased the farmer’s harvest and income. In addition, nationwide telecommunication

systems and interprovincial toll stations were also built. Political Reform is also one of

the achievements of Marcos’ Administration. The structure of government established

by President Marcos remains substantially the same except the change of name,

inclusive of superficial features in laws, to give a semblance of change from that of

President Marcos regime. Fiscal Reform took place wherein government finances were

stabilized by higher revenue collections and loans from treasury bonds, foreign lending

institutions and foreign governments. Last but not the least, the Peace and Order

occurred.In 1966, more than 100 important smugglers were arrested; in three

years,from 1966 to 1968, they arrested a total of 5,000. Military men involved in

smuggling were forced to retire. Peace and order significantly improved in most

provinces however situations in Manila and some provinces continued to deteriorate

until the imposition of Martial Law in 1972.

4. Problems

Although there were many achievements made during Marcos’ administration,

still, he also had many difficulties and problems while running the country. Not

everybody was in favor of the accomplishments he had made. Peace and order got

worse during Marcos reign. Prices of commodities increased and many people became

unemployed. Due to these problems, the number of squatters widened and housing

problems took over. The perennial school crisis also occurred during Marcos’

administration. Chinese population in the Philippines increased because of their

overstaying. Cultural minorities integrated as well. In 1970, students in Manila mobilized

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enormous numbers of people to attend protests against U.S. imperialism and the “rise

of fascism” under Marcos. The protests later became known as the First Quarter Storm.

Obviously, he had done many great things for the country but amidst those

achievements, problems cannot be avoided. All these problems taken together and the

danger of an outbreak of rebellion, prompted President Marcos to declare martial law in

the Philippines.

5. Martial Law

On September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos placed the Philippines

under Martial Law. The declaration issued under Proclamation 1081 suspended the civil

rights and imposed military authority in the country. Marcos defended the declaration

stressing the need for extra powers to quell the rising wave of violence allegedly caused

by communists. The emergency rule was also intended to eradicate the roots of

rebellion and promote a rapid trend for national development. The autocrat assured the

country of the legality of Martial Law emphasizing the need for control over civil

disobedience that displays lawlessness. Marcos explained citing the provisions from the

Philippine Constitution that Martial Law is a strategic approach to legally defend the

Constitution and protect the welfare of the Filipino people from the dangerous threats

posed by Muslim rebel groups and Christian vigilantes that places national security at

risk during the time. Marcos explained that martial law was not a military takeover but

was then the only option to resolve the country’s dilemma on rebellion that stages

national chaos threatening the peace and order of the country. The emergency rule,

according to Marcos’s plan, was lead to the country into what he calls as the “New

Society”.Marcos used several events to justify martial law. Threat to the country’s

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security was intensifying following the re-establishment of the Communist Party of the

Philippines (CPP) in 1968. Supporters of CPP’s military arm, the New People’s Army,

also grew in numbers in Tarlac and other parts of the country. The alleged attempt to

the life of then Minister of Defense Juan Ponce Enrile gave Marcos a window to declare

Martial Law. Marcos announced the emergency rule the day after the shooting incident.

Marcos also declared insurgency in the south caused by the clash between Muslims

and Christians, which Marcos considered as a threat to national security. The Muslims

were defending their ancestral land against the control of Christians who migrated in the

area. The minority group organized the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) in

Malaysia and pushed for the autonomy of Mindanao from the national government.The

move was initially supported by most Filipinos and was viewed by some critics as a

change that solved the massive corruption in the country. Martial law ceased the clash

between the executive and legislative branches of the government and a bureaucracy

characterized by special interest. Marcos started to implement reforms on social and

political values that hindered effective modernization. To match the accomplishments of

its Asian neighbors, Marcos imposed the need for self-sacrifice for the attainment of

national welfare. His reforms targeted his rivals within the elite depriving them of their

power and patronage but did not affect their supporters.Thirty-thousand opposition

figures including Senator Benigno Aquino, journalists, students and labor activists were

detained at military compounds under the President’s command (Proclamation 1081

and Martial Law). The army and the Philippine Constabulary seized weapons and

disbanded private armies controlled by prominent politicians and other influential figures

(Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). Marcos took control of the legislature and closed

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the Philippine Congress (Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). Numerous media outfits

were either closed down or operated under tight control (Proclamation 1081 and Martial

Law). Marcos also allegedly funnelled millions of the country’s money by placing some

of his trusted supporters in strategic economic positions to channel resources to him.

Experts call this the “crony capitalism.”The deterioration of the political and economic

condition in the Philippines triggered the decline of support on Marcos’ plans. More and

more Filipinos took arms to dislodge the regime. Urban poor communities in the

country’s capital were organized by the Philippine Ecumenical Council for Community

and were soon conducting protest masses and prayer rallies. These efforts including the

exposure of numerous human rights violations pushed Marcos to hold an election in

1978 and 1981 in an aim to stabilize the country’s chaotic condition. Marcos, in both

events, won the election; however, his extended term as President of the Republic of

the Philippines elicited an extensive opposition against his regime. Social unrest

reached its height after former Senator Benigno Aquino was murdered. The incident

sent thousands of Filipinos to the streets calling for Marcos’ removal from post. Turning

again to his electoral strategy, Marcos held a snap election in 1986 but what he hoped

will satisfy the masses only increased their determination to end his rule that seated

Corazon Aquino, widow of Benigno Aquino, as President of the Philippines ousting

Marcos from Malacañang Palace and ending the twenty-one years of tyrant rule.

6. End of Power

During those years, Marcos's regime was marred by rampant corruption and

political mismanagement by his relatives and cronies, which culminated with the

assassination of Benigno Aquino. Critics considered Marcos the

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quintessential kleptocrat, having looted billions of dollars from the Filipino treasury. The

large personality cult in the Philippines surrounding Marcos also led to disdain.During

his third term, Marcos's health deteriorated rapidly due to kidney ailments. He was

absent for weeks at a time for treatment, with no one to assume command.

The assassination of Benigno Aquino as he returned to Manila in August 1983

was generally thought to have been the work of the military. It became the focal point of

a renewed and more heavily supported opposition to Marcos' rule. By late 1985 Marcos,

under mounting pressure both inside and outside the Philippines, called a snap

presidential election for February 1986. Corazon C. Aquino, Benigno's widow, became

the candidate of a coalition of opposition parties. Marcos was declared the official

winner, but strong public outcry over the election results precipitated a revolt that by the

end of the month had driven Marcos from power. Aquino then assumed the presidency.

The People Power movement drove Marcos into exile and installed Corazon Aquino as

the new president.

The Philippine government today is still paying interest in public debts incurred

during Marcos' administration. It was reported that, when Marcos fled, U.S. Customs

agents discovered 24 suitcases of gold bricks and diamond jewelry hidden in diaper

bags and in addition, certificates for gold bullion valued in the billions of dollars were

allegedly among the personal properties he, his family, his cronies and business

partners surreptitiously took with them when the Reagan administration provided them

safe passage to Hawaii. When the presidential mansion was seized, it was discovered

that Imelda Marcos had over 2700 pairs of shoes in her closet.

7. Feedback about Marcos’ Administration

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Figure 1. Comparison of Pro’s and Anti’s of Marcos Administration.

Pro's50%

Anti's50%

Pro's and Anti's of Marcos Administration

Figure 2. Chart illustrating the number of Marcos’ achievements and problems.

Achievements Problems0

5

10

15

20

Achievements and Problems of Marcos Administra-tion

Figure 3.Pie graph result of the respondents’ answer towards Aquino’s assassination.

Do you think that Marcos was the one behind Aquino's assassination?

YesNo

The results of the survey that was conducted to Lasallian students resulted to a

success. Almost everyone knows that Marcos is the tenth president of the Philippines.

Some are aware about the happenings during his presidency. Some could recall

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Marcos’ achievements, however, there were also students that couldn’t. Not everybody

is aware that Marcos ruled for three consecutive terms. When talking about the Martial

Law, some believed that Marcos wasn’t the only one who imposed it which is true. But

most of the students believed the opposite.

As the results of the survey states, many students have the knowledge of what

the effects of Martial Law are. They have also known that peace and order collapsed

after Marcos imposed the said law. However, almost everyone knows the developments

made during Marcos’ administration. In the last question, “Do you think that Marcos was

the one behind Aquino’s assassination?” thenumber of votes is equal. This result is

really surprising because all along we thought that the Anti’s would remain dominant

over the Pro’s but as it shows, we have had the wrong vision. The survey and interview

represent a big role in this research paper. Our views about Marcos’ administration are

very different from what we think of now. Some of the respondents stated that many

developments happened and a very progressive country was established. His

achievements had really helped our country and economically speaking, Philippine’s

golden age of prosperity occurred during his rule. However, many negative comments

were made against him. Other’s opinions stated that he is a corrupt, unjust, and selfish.

According to the respondents, basically, he made many achievements but in the end,

he stole billions of money from our country and imposed the Martial Law that never did

a good thing for our country.

As we look upon the results clearly, there is obviously a clash between ideas.

Each one’s opinion has something to say. But finding out whose opinions are stronger

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requires deep exploration. Each side has its own stand and every time we look closer to

the thoughts behind it, we think that we have seen enough.

VII. Conclusion

After making surveys, conducting interviews and exploring useful ideas to put up

in this research paper, a lot of work has already been done. But looking upon the results

and findings, we have noticed that every opinion about Marcos’ administration is very

different from others’.

Each side has its own stand, therefore, each has something to say. But it

appears that the Anti’s are greater than the Pro’s. Basing upon the comments and

opinions towards Marcos’ administration, there are more negative thoughts about him

than positive ones. Although there are positive comments as well, from the results of the

surveys, interviews and researches, many people are against Marcos. The main and

only reason that everyone has been blaming is because of his imposed law, the Martial

Law. The Martial Law has contributed a lot in Marcos’ status. If not because of it,

Marcos achievements would be more dominant. But eventually, it brought him down.

VIII. Appendices

1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines

The 1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, ratified by the Citizens

Assemblies on January 17, 1973, provides for a shift from a presidential form of

government to a parliamentary system. The President serves as a symbolic head of

State, executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister with the assistance of the

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Cabinet, and legislative power is vested in a unicameral National Assembly. In 1976,

the National Assembly was replaced by the BatasangPambansa, by virtue of PD 1033

issued by President Ferdinand Marcos.

History

On March 16, 1967, the Philippine Congress passed Resolution No. 2 calling for

a Constitutional Convention to change the Constitution. Election of the delegates to the

Convention was held on November 20, 1970 pursuant to Republic Act No. 6132,

otherwise known as the “1970 Constitutional Convention Act.”The Constitutional

Convention formally began on June 1, 1971. Former President Carlos P. Garcia, a

delegate from Bohol, was elected President. Unfortunately, he died on June 14, 1971

and was succeeded by another former President, DiosdadoMacapagal of Pampanga.

Before the Convention could finish its work, martial law was proclaimed. Several

delegates were placed under detention and others went into hiding or voluntary exile.

The martial law declaration affected the final outcome of the convention. In fact, it was

said, that the President dictated some provisions of the Constitution. On November 29,

1972, the Convention approved its Proposed Constitution of the Philippines. On

November 30, 1972, President Marcos issued Presidential Decree No.73 setting the

date of the plebiscite to be held on January 15, 1973 for the ratification or rejection of

the proposed Constitution. However, on January 7, 1973, the President issued General

Order No. 20 postponing indefinitely the scheduled plebiscite. From January 10 to 15,

1973, the Citizen Assemblies voted for a ratification of the 1973 Constitution; the

suspension of the convening of the Interim National Assembly; the continuation of

martial law; and moratorium on elections for a period of at least seven years. On

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January 17, 1973 the President issued Proclamation No. 1102 announcing that the

proposed Constitution has been ratified by an overwhelming vote of the members of the

Citizen Assemblies through Presidential Decree No. 86. The 1973 Constitution would

have established a parliamentary government in the Philippines, with the President as a

symbolic head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. This was not

implemented as a result of the referendum-plebiscite held on January 10-15, 1972

through the Citizen Assemblies whereby an overwhelming majority rejected the

convening of a National Assembly. From 1972 until the convening of the Interim

BatasangPambansa in 1978, the President exercised absolute legislative power.

1976 Amendments to the Constitution

On 22 September 1976, President Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 1033

proposing amendments to the Constitution, which was later on ratified and included in

the 1973 Constitution. On October 16-17, 1976 majority of barangay voters approved

that martial law should be continued and ratified the amendments to the Constitution

proposed by President Marcos. The 1976 Amendments were: an Interim

BatasangPambansa (IBP) substituting for the Interim National Assembly, the President

would also become the Prime Minister and he would continue to exercise legislative

powers until martial law should have been lifted. 

1981 and 1984 Amendments

The 1981 amendments basically restored the Presidential system of government. With

its adoption on April 7, 1981, the President was restored from a mere symbolic head of

state to its original status--as the head of state and chief executive of the country. The

19

amended Constitution granted the incumbent President several powers and functions

which were originally vested in him by the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines,

whichwere transferred to the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. The Prime Minister

became the Head of Cabinet.

IX. References

  http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/

Philippines-OVERVIEW-OF-ECONOMY.html#ixzz1mvSsvgwQ

http://asianhistory.about.com/od/profilesofasianleaders/p/fmarcosbio.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictatorship

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos

http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?

title=1973_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines

http://rommelsibay.wordpress.com/iv-marcos-deserted-achievements/

http://www.philippine-history.org/martial-law-philippines.htm

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/achievement

http://www.uv.es/EBRIT/macro/macro_5004_97_33.html

Philippines Overview of economy, Information about Overview of

economy in Philippines

X. Bibliography

In order to fulfill this research, we have made and conducted surveys and

interviews among students and professors at De La Salle Lipa. The tools that we have

used to make the surveys and interviews possible are attached here.

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Name:

Year and Section:

A pleasant day to you! First of all, thank you for having the chance to answer this survey. We are BS Legal Management students of ----- and we would just like to ask you a few questions regarding our topic, Marcos’s Administration: His Achievements, Problems and Downfall. It would be of great help if you accomplish it completely and honestly.

Question Yes No1. Do you know that Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was the 10th president of

the Philippines? 2. Are you aware about the happenings during Marcos’ presidency?3. Tracing back the Philippine History, can you recall his achievements

and problems regarding our country?4. Do you know that Marcos was the first president to win a thrice in the

Philippine Elections?5. Marcos spent twenty-one years as the President of the Philippines, is

that true?6. Do you believe that Marcos was the only one who imposed the Martial

Law?7. Do you have knowledge about the effects that the Martial Law brought

to the country?8. Are you aware about the worsening of peace and order during his

administration?9. Are you aware about the developments on agriculture, roads, bridges,

school houses and arts during his administration?10. Do you think that Marcos was the one behind Aquino’s assassination?

What are your opinions/commentaries regarding Marcos’ administration? Are you against him? Why or why not?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Are his achievements worth his presidency? Why or why not?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Evaluation(Please shade the circle of your chosen answer.)

Which do you think is dominant, his Achievements? Or Problems?

O Achievements O Problems

Marcos’s Administration, are you with him or not?

O YES O NO

Thank you for answering!

-------

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Researchers

------

Interview Questionnaire

1. Are you aware of how Marcos achieved his presidency?

2. How do you think was he able to maintain his presidency amidst the people’s

complaints against him?

3. Do you have an idea about how he made it to his third term of presidency?

4. What are your opinions towards his law, The Martial Law?

5. Do you think that the Martial Law was an effective solution to respond to the country’s

problems?

6. Did Martial Law achieve its goal on bringing discipline and order to our country?

7. Are you against Marcos’ administration? Why or why not?

8. Do you think his achievements were worth his presidency?

9. What do you feel about the advantages of Marcos’ administration?

10. What do you feel about the disadvantages of Marcos’ administration?

Whether you are writing for a school assignment or professionally, it is imperative that you have a vocabulary that will provide for clear communication of your ideas and thoughts. You need to know the type and level of your audience and adjust your vocabulary accordingly. It is worthwhile to constantly work at improving your

22

knowledge of words. To help with this task, please consider using our Vocabulary Builder to improve your comprehension and usage of words.

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Auto Grader

Grade: 91* -> A *based on college grading scale

NOTE: The grade above is NOT complete! We do not actually use a crystal ball to generate your grade. Instead, this grade takes into account spelling, grammar, word choice, style, vocabulary, and more; but it does NOT examine the meaning of your words, how your ideas are structured, or how well your arguments are supported. We should also mention that our automated grader doesn't always get things right (then again, neither does your teacher). So, please consider this grade to be one facet of your paper's overall grade.

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