2
MAPS & FACTS www.oecd.org/swac | www.westafricagateway.org We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected] Phone +33 (0)1 45 24 89 87 Fax +33 (0)1 45 24 90 31 E-mail [email protected] Postal address SWAC/OECD 2, rue André Pascal F–75775 Paris, Cedex 16 This map is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Club SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Secretariat An Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel Geography, Economics and Security West African Studies Club SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Secretariat Extract Last update: 17 November 2014 A lthough the use of cocaine was not widespread in West Africa in the early 2000s, seizures of the product increased dramatically in the middle of the decade. The reason for this involves the Columbian cartels, who lost control of the routes into the North American markets (which were shrinking) to Mexican cartels. It was therefore in their interest to target another consumer market, namely Europe (where consumption was on the rise), by finding routes that were safer than direct ones. West Africa offers many advantages: weak legal institutions and capacities; very limited financial resources to fight drugs; officers with limited training; the ease of potential bribery including in the justice department and security services; and the government’s inability to protect its public servants. It is a convenient and low-risk location for moving and storing merchandise, West Africa provides a platform via which to reach Europe, where a kilogram of cocaine purchased for 2 000 to 3 000 EUR in Latin American production areas sells for as much as 60 000 EUR wholesale, and is often cut with other products. ALGERIA LIBYA NIGER MALI MAURITANIA BURKINA FASO WESTERN SAHARA SENEGAL GAMBIA NIGERIA CAMEROON TOGO BENIN GHANA CÔTE D’IVOIRE GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU LIBERIA SIERRA LEONE CAPE-VERDE MOROCCO TUNISIA EGYPT SUDAN CHAD C.A.R. SOUTH SUDAN Regional flows Transatlantic flows Transit areas Main coastal transit countries Highway Ten Name given by the cartels to the maritime route along the 10°N parallel COCAINE FLOWS N°7 NOV 2014 Sources: UNODC (2013); OECD (2014), “An Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel: Geography, Economics and Security”, West African Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris.

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Maps & facts

www.oecd.org/swac | www.westafricagateway.org

We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected]

Phone +33 (0)1 45 24 89 87 Fax +33 (0)1 45 24 90 31 E-mail [email protected]

Postal address SWAC/OECD 2, rue André Pascal F–75775 Paris, Cedex 16

This map is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA

Secretariat

An Atlas of the Sahara-SahelGeography, Economics and Security

West African Studies

ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA

Secretariat

Extr

act

Last update: 17 November 2014

Although the use of cocaine was not widespread in West Africa in the early 2000s, seizures of the product increased dramatically in the middle of the decade. The reason for this

involves the Columbian cartels, who lost control of the routes into the North American markets (which were shrinking) to Mexican cartels. It was therefore in their interest to target another consumer market, namely Europe (where consumption was on the rise), by finding routes that were safer than direct ones. West Africa offers many advantages: weak legal institutions and capacities; very limited financial resources to fight drugs; officers with limited training; the ease of potential bribery including in the justice department and security services; and the government’s inability to protect its public servants. It is a convenient and low-risk location for moving and storing merchandise, West Africa provides a platform via which to reach Europe, where a kilogram of cocaine purchased for 2 000 to 3 000 EUR in Latin American production areas sells for as much as 60 000 EUR wholesale, and is often cut with other products.

ALGERIA LIBYA

NIGER

MALI

MAURITANIA

BURKINAFASO

WESTERNSAHARA

SENEGAL

GAMBIANIGERIA

CAMEROON

TOGO

BENIN

GHANA

CÔTED’IVOIRE

GUINEAGUINEA-BISSAU

LIBERIA

SIERRA LEONE

CAPE-VERDE

MOROCCO

TUNISIA

EGYPT

SUDAN

CHAD

C.A.R.

SOUTHSUDAN

Regional flows

Transatlantic flows

Transit areas

Main coastal transit countries

Highway Ten

Name given by the cartels to the maritime route along the 10°N parallel

cocaine Flows

n°7Nov 2014

Sources: UNODC (2013); OECD (2014), “An Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel: Geography, Economics and Security”, West African Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris.

Page 2: MAPS & A CTS - OECD.org · MAPS & A CTS  |  We ecourage te use of our aps lease iclude te lus copyrigt ... & AITS 17 noere 2014 Un las u ahara-Sahel

Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST

Secrétariat du

www.oecd.org/csao | www.portailouestafrique.org

Nous encourageons l’utilisation de nos cartes ! Veuillez nous en informer et faire mention du

copyright du Club. Pour des demandes spécifiques, contacter : [email protected]

Tél +33 (0)1 45 24 89 87 Fax +33 (0)1 45 24 90 31 Courriel [email protected]

Adresse postale CSAO/OCDE 2, rue André Pascal F–75775 Paris, Cedex 16

Cette carte est sans préjudice du statut de tout territoire, de la souveraineté s’exerçant sur ce dernier, du tracé des frontières et limites internationales, et du nom de tout territoire, ville ou région.

Cartes& Faits

Mise à jour : 17 novembre 2014

Un atlas du Sahara-SahelGéographie, économie et insécurité

Cahiers de l’Afrique de l’Ouest

Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST

Secrétariat du

Extr

ait

n°7Nov 2014

le traFic de cocaïne

Ce produit, qui était présent de façon marginale en Afrique de l’ouest au début des années 2000, a vu ses saisies exploser au milieu de la décennie. L’explication en est que les cartels

colombiens ont perdu la maîtrise des routes vers le marché de consommation nord-américain (par ailleurs en contraction) au profit des cartels mexicains. Ils avaient donc tout intérêt à cibler un autre marché de consommation, l’Europe (où la consommation est en expansion), en trouvant des routes plus sûres que les routes directes. L’Afrique occidentale présente de nombreux avantages : des institutions et capacités de justice faibles ; des budgets très limités pour la lutte anti-drogue ; des agents peu formés ; une facilité particulière à corrompre les fonctionnaires, y compris dans les services de sécurité et la justice ; la faible capacité des États à protéger leurs propres fonctionnaires. Espace de transit et de stockage commode et peu risqué, l’Afrique de l’ouest permet de viser l’Europe où le kilogramme de cocaïne acheté entre 2 000 et 3 000 euros dans les zones de production latino-américaines se vend jusqu’à 60 000 euros au prix de gros (le plus souvent coupé avec d’autres produits).

Sources : UNODC (2013) ; OCDE (2014), “Un atlas du Sahara-Sahel : Géographie, économie et insécurité”, Cahiers de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, éditions OCDE, Paris.

ALGERIE LIBYE

NIGER

MALI

MAURITANIE

BURKINAFASO

SAHARAOCCIDENTAL

SENEGAL

GAMBIENIGERIA

CAMEROUN

TOGO

BENIN

GHANA

CÔTED’IVOIRE

GUINEEGUINEE-BISSAU

LIBERIA

SIERRA LEONE

CAP-VERT

MAROC

TUNISIE

EGYPTE

SOUDAN

TCHAD

R.C.A

SOUDANDU SUD

Flux régionaux

Flux transatlantiques

Zone de transit

Principaux pays de transit maritime

Highway Ten

Nom donné par les cartelsà la route maritime le long du 10° parallèle