Manual Bridge Master E, Furuno, Nucleus (1)

Radar Selection and Adjustment of Its Initial Parameters

Chapter 2. Transas Radar/ARPA Imitators 109

RADAR SELECTION AND ADJUSTMENT OF ITS INITIAL PARAMETERS

The radar required for operation is started from the selection menu. The radar selection menu is displayed on the screen if the simulator has “Selectable” option in the assigning of the radar type – see NAVI-TRAINER 5000 (V. 5.00). TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND INSTALLATION MANUAL.

Before starting the radar, you can set its initial parameters. Click the right mouse button on the name of the selected radar – the screen will display a dialogue window:

By using “X Band” and “S Band” tabs in the top part of the dialogue window, you can select the transmitter type. If you check “Use as default Band” checkbox with the left mouse button, the selected range will always be used by default.

Set the following parameters for the selected transmitter type:

• Rotation speed (RPM) – revolution rate of the radar antenna;

• Beam width (Horizontal/Vertical) – radar antenna azimuth and elevation pattern;

• Antenna tilt angle (from -45° to 45°).

Parameter values are entered either from the keyboard, or by using arrows in the relevant window. All the entered parameters should be confirmed by pressing “Ok” button. “Cancel” button closes the dialogue window without changes in the radar parameters.

After the setting of the radar’s initial parameters, the radar itself is selected by clicking the left mouse button on its name in the radar selection menu.

You can re-assign the radar during the exercise. Each radar screen has the following controls for turning the radar off and returning to the radar selection menu:

• BridgeMaster II – MAIN\MORE\MENU 2\EXIT menu item;

• BridgeMaster E – SYSTEM\EXIT menu item;

• BridgeMaster E Tactical – SYSTEM\EXIT menu item;

• Furuno – “POWER/OFF” button;

• Nucleus – “PWR OFF” button.

BridgeMaster E Radar Imitator

NAVI-TRAINER 5000 (v. 5.00). Navigational Bridge 126

BRIDGEMASTER E RADAR IMITATOR

To start radar imitator, press the “Bridge Master E” button from the radar selection menu.

Note: Radar selection and radar parameters adjusting see the first section of this chapter.

Getting Started

Standby Mode

The radar always appears in Standby mode.

Selection of “TX A (S)” or “TX A (X)” type of transiver:

In Standby mode, a number of functions are available which allow the display to be set up for operation.

The following functions can be accessed from Standby mode:

• Brilliance (DEFAULT BRILL, BRILLIANCE +, BRILLIANCE -, to select the display palette: DAY and 3 NIGHT);

• Cursor data;

• Range selection;

• User data;

• Heading;

• Speed;



• Presentation & Motion modes;

• ARPA Limits and Settings;

• Alarms;

• System (exit from BridgeMaster E radar).

Transmit Mode

After adjusting of the required functions in Standby mode, press “TRANSMIT” soft key.

Using the Radar Controls

Control Panels

There are two types of control panel in current use for controlling the radar: a Simple Control Panel and an optional Dedicated Control Panel.

Simple Control Panel

The simple control panel is made up of a number of modules which are usually mounted immediately under the display monitor. A simple pointing device (joystick or tracker ball), with two associated keys (left and right), is used to control the radar and its display. The joystick/tracker ball controls the position of the on-screen cursor which is displayed as a small white arrow when positioned outside the radar circle (see The On-screen Cursor later in this section).

Selections are made by positioning the on-screen cursor over an object or caption and clicking (press and release) with the “left” key. The left key is duplicated on the left-hand side of the control panel to enable two handed operation. The “right” key is used on some items to provide additional functionality when available.

Note: Throughout this manual, instructions to “left click” or “right click” relate to a press-and-release of either of the left key or the right key. Similarly, references to the “cursor control” relate to the joystick or tracker ball depending on which is fitted.

Optional Dedicated Control Panel

The Dedicated Control Panel, which contains a number of additional push buttons and rotary controls, can be fitted as an optional extra. The Simple Control Panel is always fitted.

The Dedicated Control Panel provides individual tactile controls for specific functions. These functions would normally be accessed and adjusted using the cursor control and associated left/right keys of the Simple Control Panel. The controls available are as follows:

Push Buttons: – “RANGE UP”, “RANGE DOWN”;

– “TM/RM”, “TRUE/REL VECTORS”;

– “CENTRE”, “ACK ALARM”.

Rotary Controls: – “GAIN”, “RAIN” (Clutter), “SEA” (Clutter);

– “EBL 1”, “VRM 1”, “PANEL” (Brightness).



The On-screen Cursor

When the on-screen cursor is outside the video circle, it is displayed as a small white arrow referred to as the screen cursor. As the cursor passes into the video circle, it’s changed and displayed as a small white cross, referred to as the video cursor.

Screen Cursor

As the screen cursor moves over a caption or item which can be accessed, its box is highlighted (drawn in white), and two small boxes (representing the left and right keys) appear next to the arrowhead cursor. One or both of these boxes is filled in white to indicate which key(s) are active and available for selection (see example left on fig.).

Note: For reasons of clarity and to avoid conflicting information, the screen cursor is shown without its associated left/right key boxes in the diagrams throughout the rest of the manual.

If a caption box is not highlighted as the cursor passes over it, it indicates that the caption or item inside the box cannot be accessed in the current mode.

Drop-down menu options are highlighted in yellow as the cursor passes over them. If a particular option is not available, it will not be highlighted. Options, which can never be selected because of the current radar configuration, are NOT shown.

If an adjustable parameter is selected, the cursor will disappear, and the parameter is displayed in yellow (as a number or control bar). If an adjustment is not made within 10 seconds, the parameter will be automatically deselected, and the cursor will reappear.

Video Cursor

Whenever the video cursor is displayed, a dialog box giving a readout of the cursor’s position within the video circle, replaces the usual function soft keys shown in the bottom right-hand corner of the display. By default, this box gives cursor range and bearing (from own ship), and cursor lat/long.

Note: Soft keys are small, boxed areas of the screen, usually containing a single caption, which respond in much the same way as the dedicated function keys of a computer keyboard.



In Transmit mode, the range and bearing of the cursor are relative to own ship’s position. In Standby mode, the range and bearing are relative to the centre of the video circle.

Note: If, when in Transmit mode, the own ship’s position is lost, or there is a compass error, the lat/long readings are replaced by dashes.

Soft Keys and Fixed Menus

A series of functional soft keys are displayed in the bottom right-hand corner of the display.

A left click on any one of these keys will reveal a fixed menu and a new set of soft keys associated with that menu. The menu appears in the area immediately above the soft keys.

A right click on some of the function soft keys will provide additional functionality.

Items from the menu are usually selected by a left click.

Restricted Access when in Edit Mode

Some of the soft key functions permit editing as part of their functionality. For example, Guard Zone Editing, Index Line Editing. When an edit mode is selected, a permanent prompt appears in the help area and access to some of the normal operating facilities is restricted.

As editing is usually performed within the video circle, the following picture related facilities are unavailable during editing:

• Off-centering own ship by dragging;

• Changing ERBL/VRM by dragging;

• Acquiring or Cancelling Targets;

• Selecting from the Target tote;

• Selecting a new Speed Mode;

• Aligning the Compass.



Drop-Down Menus

Where there are a number of fixed selections for a particular parameter, for example, “RANGE” in the top left-hand corner of the display, a left click will reveal a drop-down menu of the alternatives available.

A drop-down menu is usually displayed in the vicinity of the screen cursor when the selection is made. Once a menu is displayed, the cursor is restricted to the area within the menu and selections are made with a left click. A right click will close the menu without taking further action (i.e. “Cancel”).

Selecting a Mode of Operation

From the Standby display, there are two mode selections available.

Transmit

The normal operational mode. The antenna is rotating, and the transceiver transmits, and receives radar pulses enabling a radar picture to be displayed.

Initialisation

The system initialisation mode. This is used to set up the system parameters during installation.

The soft keys for selecting these modes of operation are located in the bottom left-hand corner of the display.

To Select a Mode

1. Use the cursor control to position the screen cursor over the soft key for the mode required (usually “TRANSMIT”).

2. Left click to select.



Basic Operation

Introduction

When “TRANSMIT” is selected from Standby, the system is switched to transmit. Slave radars can only be set to transmit if the associated Master is already transmitting.

Most of the captions and soft keys associated with the TRANSMIT display are available for selection, and are highlighted individually as the screen cursor moves over them.

Most of the basic radar functions are covered in this section.

User Specified Data

The user data area of the display is located at the bottom right-hand side, above the help area and function soft keys. The area is used to show information relating to own ship and is available in both Standby and Transmit modes.

The following types of data can be displayed:

• Own Ship’s Position.

The source can be any one of the following: DGPS, GPS. If there is a position alarm, the lat/lon is displayed in red.

• Wind (relative wind speed, wind bearing) and Depth.

When specific data is unavailable, the associated readout is replaced with dashes.



Selecting the Data Type

1. Position the screen cursor over the top line of text in the User Data box.

2. Left click to select the type of data required. Each click will cycle the display to the next type. Alternatively, a right click will reveal a drop-down menu containing a list of data types, left click on the type required, or right click to close the menu without further action.

Range Scales & Range Rings

The radar range scale can be selected from a list of preset values. A set of fixed range rings, displayed as a number of equally spaced concentric circles (normally six), can also be switched ON or OFF.

Range scale selection can be made in both Standby and Transmit modes.

Range rings cannot be selected or displayed in Standby mode.

The current range scale and range ring selections are given in the top left-hand corner of the display. The ranges are displayed in nautical miles.

To ensure the best detection of small targets amongst sea clutter, always select the shortest range scale consistent with operational requirements.

Selecting a Range Scale

Ranges can be selected by using either the “+” and “-” soft keys, or by using a drop-down menu:

1. Position the screen cursor over the “+” (or “-”) symbol.

2. Left click to select the next (or previous) range scale. Ranges from 0.125 to 96 n mile (0.25 to 192 km) are available. An appropriate prompt is displayed when the upper or lower limit is reached.

Alternatively, a left click on the “RANGE” field will reveal a drop-down menu listing the ranges available, with the current selection highlighted. Left click on the range required, or right click to close the menu without further action.



Turning Range Rings ON and OFF

The separation between the range rings (RR) is indicated under the Range field.

To turn the range rings ON or OFF:

1. Position the screen cursor over the Range Ring field.

2. Left click to toggle rings ON or OFF.

Heading Line (HL)

The ship’s heading line is shown as a single line centred on own ship and drawn to the edge of the video circle. In the Head-Up presentation mode, the line is always drawn at 000.0°.

When own ship is off-centred, an additional indication of own ship’s heading is shown by an asterisk and a short line drawn just inside the video circle.

Temporarily Hiding the Heading Line

The heading line can be removed temporarily, to view more clearly something which is on, or close to, the line:

1. Position the screen cursor over the “HL” soft key.

2. Press and hold down the left key. The line, together with all of the synthetics within the video circle, remains hidden as long as the key is held down.

3. Release the key to return the line and synthetics to the video circle.

Off-centring the Picture

The default picture is with own ship placed at the centre of the video circle. However, the picture can be off-centred by “dragging” own ship to a new position within the video circle as follows.

The video display can be off-centred by up to two thirds of the range scale radius:

1. Position the video cursor over own ship’s position.

2. Press and hold down the left key.



3. Drag own ship to the required off-centred position.

4. Release the key.

Centring the Video Display

The “CENTRE” soft key, located near the bottom right-hand corner, can be used to redraw the display with own ship at the centre of the video circle, or to reposition own ship for maximum view along own ship’s course.

To Centre the Display

1. Position the screen cursor over the “CENTRE” soft key.

2. Left click to place own ship at the centre of the video circle.

For Maximum View

1. Position the screen cursor over the “CENTRE” soft key.

2. Right click to reveal a pop-up menu containing the “MAX VIEW” option.

3. Left click to select “MAX VIEW”, or right click to close the menu without further action.

When “Max View” is selected, the video display is off-centred by two thirds of the range scale radius.



Transceiver Tuning

The transceiver tuning indicator is located in the bottom left-hand corner of the display. The current level of tuning is indicated by the shaded bar behind the “TUNE” caption. This bar indicates the level in percentage terms with 0% on the left, 100% on the right. The tuning indicator is only displayed when the radar is in Transmit mode.

Selecting Manual or Automatic Tuning

The system defaults to the mode of tuning last selected (MAN or AFC):

1. Position the screen cursor over the “AFC/MAN” selection field.

2. Left click to toggle the tuning control to MAN (Manual) or AFC (Automatic Frequency Control).

Manual Change of Tuning Control

1. Position the screen cursor over the “TUNE” caption.

2. Left click to make the bar active. The bar will appear yellow.

3. Move the cursor control left or right to tune the receiver for best results.

4. Left click to set the level and de-activate the bar. The bar will return to its dimmed shaded state.

Note: The yellow bar in this case is a tuning level indicator and is a “tell back” (an indication only) from the receiver. The cursor control is used to tune the receiver, not unlike tuning a radio for a particular station. However, there is no direct correlation between the tuning control and the tuning indicator; increasing the level of control does NOT necessarily result in a higher level of tuning.

Video Processing Controls

The video processing controls are located in the bottom left-hand corner of the display.

Video Gain and Anti-Clutter Controls

The video “GAIN” control and the anti-clutter (“RAIN” & “SEA”) controls when set to Manual (“MAN”), can be adjusted independently. Each control is adjusted using the shaded bar behind its associated caption which indicates the level in percentage terms with 0% on the left, 100% on the right.

Using the Video “GAIN” Control

Always adjust the “GAIN” setting while on the longer range scales of 12 or 24 n mile. (24 to 48 km). A light background speckle must be present to achieve the best target detection and long range performance. A temporary reduction in gain can be beneficial when searching for targets in rain or snow conditions. Video gain is independently adjustable for AUTO and MAN anti-clutter modes.



Using the Manual Anti-Clutter SEA Control

Use the Anti-Clutter SEA control to reduce sea clutter to an operational level where some residual clutter speckle is present. The setting must permit small targets, often of similar signal strength to the sea clutter returns, to be detected.

Always use the control with great care. Avoid setting the control to completely remove all sea clutter, as this will reduce the detection of small targets. The setting should be periodically checked as prevailing sea conditions change.

Using the Manual Anti-Clutter RAIN Control

Use the Anti-Clutter RAIN control to optimise suppression of rain clutter, i.e. balance the detection of targets within the clutter region (under the rain) with detection of those outside the clutter region. Always use the control with great care. Excessive suppression can cause loss of small targets. It is often advantageous to use this control to search for targets in the clutter region, returning the control to zero after the search.

Using the Automatic Anti-Clutter Control

In open sea conditions, use AUTO to suppress rain and sea clutter. This normally provides optimum detection by adapting the amount of clutter suppression applied to the varying characteristics of clutter returns.

Pulses received from radar transponders are subject to slight degradation. However, they are still easily recognisable by their signal strength.

Selecting Manual or Automatic Anti-Clutter Control

1. Position the screen cursor over the “MAN/AUTO” selection field.

2. Left click to toggle control to “MAN” (manual) or “AUTO” (automatic).

Manual Change of GAIN, RAIN & SEA Settings

1. Position the screen cursor over the control you wish to change.

2. Left click to make control bar active. The bar will appear yellow.

3. Move the cursor control left or right to move the bar to the level required.

4. Left click to set the level and de-activate the bar. The bar will return to its dimmed shaded state.

Note: Rain and Sea settings cannot be changed in AUTO mode.

Enhanced Video Mode

A substantial improvement in the presentation of small and/or short range targets, especially when operating at range scales of 3 n mile (6 km) and above, can normally be achieved by selecting the enhanced video mode. This facility is available on range scales 0.75 n mile and above. Targets are not enhanced close to own ship.



Using the Enhanced Video Mode

In estuary and open sea conditions, always use the enhanced video mode for best target detection. This will enhance small targets, significantly improving their perceptibility on the display at all ranges, especially on range scales of 3 n mile (6 km) and above.

Use the enhance control with caution. If used on short range scales, it will degrade target discrimination.

Turning Enhanced Video Control ON and OFF

1. Position the screen cursor over the Enhance (“ENH”) soft key.

2. Left click to toggle the Enhance control ON or OFF.

Radar Transmission Pulse Length

The current selection of pulse length is indicated in the “pulse length” soft key at the left-hand side of the display. The caption in the soft key box is an abbreviation of the current pulse length selection: “SP” (Short Pulse), “MP” (Medium Pulse), or “LP” (Long Pulse). The soft key is not displayed in Standby mode, and the pulse length can only be manually changed if the system is configured as a Master.

Selecting the Required Pulse Length

1. Position the screen cursor over the pulse length soft key.

2. Left click to cycle to the pulse length required.

The caption will cycle in a “SP”, “MP”, “LP”, “SP” sequence if all three are available. Only pulse lengths that are valid for the selected range can be selected.

Alternatively, a right click on the soft key will reveal a drop-down menu listing the pulse lengths available, with the current selection highlighted. Left click on the length required, or right click to close the menu without further action.

Brilliance Control

The “BRILL” soft key located in the bottom right-hand corner of the display, is used to select day or night brilliance and to set the level of display intensity for different components of the display.

Note: The display monitor has its own associated brilliance control which you may need to adjust.

WARNING!



A right click on the “BRILL” soft key will reveal a drop-down menu listing the “DAY/NIGHT” brilliance options available (1 day-time level and 3 night-time levels). Left click on the setting required. To set the display intensity for different components of the display, proceed as follows:

1. Position the screen cursor over the “BRILL” soft key.

2. Left click to reveal the “BRILLIANCE” menu.

The menu lists the various components of the display for which the brilliance can be set independently.

The first line of the menu, under the heading, indicates the “DAY/NIGHT” brilliance option to which the menu settings apply.

The settings are independently stored for each “DAY/NIGHT” brilliance option, and are retained on switch-off.

Day/Night Selection

One of four different preset levels of display intensity can be selected (one day-time level and three night-time levels):

1. Position the screen cursor over the first line in the menu (Night 1 in the example).

2. Left click to cycle through the settings available.

The display intensity will change with each click in a sequence of “NIGHT 1”, “NIGHT 2”, “NIGHT 3”, “NIGHT 1”. See note below.

Alternatively, a right click will reveal a drop-down menu listing the settings available. Left click on the setting required.

Note: This method of selection is normally used to switch between night-time settings; the day-time setting can only be selected from the drop-down menu.



Changing the Relative Brilliance Settings

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the item you wish to change.

2. Left click to make the control bar active. The bar will appear yellow:

3. Move the cursor control left or right to move the bar to the level required.

4. Left click to de-activate the bar. The bar will return to its dimmed shaded state.

Returning to the Default Brilliance Settings

1. Position the screen cursor on the “DEFAULT BRILL” soft key.

2. Left click to return to the default (i.e. factory set) relative brilliance levels.

Note: If the brilliance controls are not providing adequate control of the display, the monitor may need adjusting.

Panel Brilliance

The lighting brilliance of the Radar Control Panel is controlled by the BRILLIANCE (“+” and “-”) soft keys:

1. Left click on the “BRILLIANCE +” soft key to increase the brilliance.

2. Left click on the “BRILLIANCE -” soft key to decrease the brilliance.

Exiting the Brilliance Menu

1. Position the screen cursor over the “EXIT BRILLIANCE” soft key located directly under the menu.

2. Left click to exit.

Returning to Standby Mode

The Standby (“STBY”) soft key, located at the top left-hand side of the display, is used to return the display to Standby mode:

1. Position the screen cursor over the “STBY” soft key.

2. Left click to go the Standby mode.



Ship’s Heading and Speed

Introduction

Ship’s heading and speed are displayed in the top right corner of the display and are available in both Standby and Transmit modes.

Heading Display

The heading display is divided into three fields.

Heading Caption

The heading caption is always “HDG”.

Heading Readout

A readout of true heading is always displayed, unless compass alignment is being prompted, or a compass error has occurred.

Compass Errors

A compass error will cause the heading readout to change from green to red and a compass alarm will be raised. If a stabilized picture presentation is in use, and the error is still present, then after 1 minute, the picture will revert to Head-UP.

Compass Alignment

For certain types of compass input, it will be necessary to align the heading readout by manually entering the current heading after the radar display is switched-on. The need for alignment is indicated by the heading readout flashing green.

To Align the Compass

1. Position the screen cursor over the heading readout.

2. Left click to access. Heading is displayed in yellow.

3. Move the cursor control left or right to change the heading. The heading should be the ship’s head derived from another source.

4. Left click to accept the new heading.

Course Over Ground

If “SOG” (Speed Over the Ground) is selected in the speed display, this shows COG (Course Over the Ground). If the speed is less than 1 knot, the course is shown as dashes.

If “STW” (Speed Through the Water) is selected in the speed display, the field is empty.

Speed Display

This line shows own ship’s speed and is divided into three fields.



Speed Caption

The speed caption is:

• “STW” (Speed Through Water) when the selected speed is “water locked”, or

• “SOG” (Speed Over the Ground) if the speed is “ground locked”.

Note: The caption is also “SOG” if a water speed has been selected “BUT” drift is being applied (see Applying Drift below).

Speed Readout

This data can only be changed by the user when the Manual speed mode is selected (see Manual Speed Mode below).

Speed Mode

An abbreviation of the selected Speed Mode is displayed in this field. The Speed Caption field is only active when the “ECHO REF” speed mode is selected (see Echo Reference Speed Mode below).

Speed Mode Options

A left click on the speed mode will reveal a drop-down menu containing a list of speed modes. The external speed sources available to the user are determined during initialisation. Refer to table on next page.

Note: If no data exists, dashes are displayed. A menu option is displayed in red if an alarm exists for that particular speed source.

Selecting a Speed Mode

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the required mode.


“SET” and “DRIFT” can be applied in all speed modes except “ECHO REF”, “NAV” or “LOG-G” (see Applying Drift below).

The table below gives a brief description of the various speed modes.

Speed Mode Speed Caption

Brief Description

Manual STW Allows you to enter a speed, normally in circumstances where no speed data can be received from other external devices. The acceptable input range is from 0 to 75 knots (see Manual Speed Mode)

ECHO Ref SOG Any tracked target can be selected as an echo reference. Once selected, its velocity is assumed to be zero and own ship’s speed is calculated on this assumption. The selected target is marked with an “R” symbol in the video circle (see Echo Reference Speed Mode)

Navigation Sensor (NAV)

SOG Speed is derived from a Navigation Sensor. A Nav Speed alarm is raised if the input fails

Serial Log Ground Locked (LOG-G)

Serial Log Water Locked (LOG-W)

SOG STW

Speed is derived from a Serial Log. Where the log is dual axis, the fore/aft and port/starboard components of both ground and water data are displayed in the speed menu. The resultant velocity is displayed in the main speed readout for ground locked LOG, and the fore/aft component is only displayed for water locked LOG. Shown as a dashes (-) if off. A Log Error alarm is raised if the input fails



Manual Speed Mode

When MANUAL speed mode is selected, the speed can be set as follows:

1. Position the screen cursor over the speed readout.

2. Left click to access. Speed is displayed in yellow.

3. Move the cursor control left or right to change the speed.

4. Left click to accept the new speed.

Echo Reference Speed Mode

Select the ECHO REF mode from the Speed Caption menu.

Selecting a Target as the Echo Reference

1. Position the cursor over an established target.

2. Left click to select that target as the echo reference.

“R” is displayed adjacent to the reference target, and the target has its true vector removed.

A prompt is displayed if no target is found.

Selecting a New Target as the Echo Reference

1. Left click on “SPEED CAPTION” to select ECHO REF mode.

2. Select a new target using the procedure above.

Applying Drift

A Set angle and Drift rate can be applied manually in all but the Echo Ref, Dual-axis Serial Log (ground locked), and Nav Speed modes.

From within the drop-down menu:

1. Position the screen cursor over the “SET” or “DRIFT” caption.

2. A left click on either caption will reveal a drop-down numeric keypad. This keypad includes a “CANCEL” option to replace the “SET” and “DRIFT” values with dashes when not required, if you haven’t used the keypad before.

Drift Applied to Water Speeds

If a water speed has been selected, and a Set and Drift rate have been entered, drift is applied to generate a ground speed and the speed caption changes to SOG. The word “DRIFT” is also displayed in orange under the mode abbreviation in the Speed Mode field.

Any previous values of Set or Drift are automatically cleared on selecting a ground locked log speed, but it is possible to enter new values prior to selecting a water mode.

Note: If the selected speed input is a dual-axis log, the SOG is calculated using the SET & DRIFT and both fore/aft and port/starboard components of the log input.



Presentation, Motion, Vector & Trail Modes

Introduction

The Motion Mode and Presentation Mode selection fields are located in the top right corner of the display, immediately to the left of the Heading and Speed displays, and are available in both Standby and Transmit modes.

The Vector Mode and Trail Mode selection fields, located beneath the Heading and Speed displays, are only available in Transmit mode.

Presentation Modes

Data from the compass can be processed to produce a correct “stabilized” display. There are two types of stabilized display available, North-Up and Course-Up. Without a compass input, the display is “unstabilized” and is shown with the ship’s heading marker vertically upwards indicating straight ahead movement (Head-Up mode).

Head-Up Unstabilized display – the ship’s heading marker is always shown vertically upwards indicating straight ahead movement.

North-Up Stabilized display – the bearing scale shows 000° at the top of the video circle (assumed to be true north). The ship’s heading marker is shown at the appropriate bearing.

Course-Up Stabilized display – on selection of Course-Up mode, the ship’s bearing is shown at the top of the video circle with 000° elsewhere on the circle, still representing true north.

The currently selected Presentation Mode is displayed.

The modes available for selection are:

• H UP Head-UP;

• N UP North-UP;

• C UP Course-UP.



Selecting a Presentation Mode

Either:

1. Position the screen cursor over the Presentation Mode field.

2. Left click consecutively to toggle through the available options.

Note: If H UP is the currently selected mode, the first left click will select the N UP mode. Subsequent left clicks will then toggle between the C UP and N UP options only. This prevents the accidental selection of an unstabilized mode while in a stabilized mode. To select the H UP mode, use the method described below.

Or:

1. Position the screen cursor over the Presentation Mode field.

2. Right click to reveal a drop-down menu.

3. Position the screen cursor over the required mode.


Course-UP Reset

When the C UP mode is in operation, if the ship alters course, a Course-Up reset should be performed by reselecting the mode. This realigns the bearing scale to bring the new course to the top of the video circle, i.e. it doesn’t happen automatically as the ship changes course.

Motion Modes

The motion mode determines whether own ship moves across the radar picture or remains at a selected point, and how the trails of moving targets are displayed.

The currently selected Motion Mode is displayed.

The modes available for selection are:

• RM (R) Relative Motion – Relative Trails;

• RM (T) Relative Motion – True Trails;

• TM True Motion.

In Relative Motion – Relative Trails, own ship is displayed at a fixed point in the video circle (normally the centre) and all target trails are shown relative to own ship’s movement. This means that stationary targets will have trails if own ship is moving.

In Relative Motion – True Trails, own ship is displayed at a fixed point in the video circle (normally the centre). Stationary targets don’t produce any trails.

In True Motion, own ship moves across the video circle. Stationary targets, therefore, don’t produce any trails.



Selecting a Motion Mode

Note: If the radar is in unstabilized (Head-Up) mode, only relative motion will be available.

Either:

1. Position the screen cursor over the Motion Mode field.

2. Left click consecutively to toggle through the available options.

or

1. Position the screen cursor over the Motion Mode field.


3. Within the menu the current selection is highlighted, position the screen cursor over the required mode.


Vector Modes

Vectors are shown on the radar display to indicate the velocity (speed and direction) of own ship and moving targets. The length of the vector indicates speed and its bearing indicates direction.

This function is only available in Transmit mode and is not displayed in Standby.

The Vector selection box is divided into two fields as illustrated below. The currently selected mode is displayed.

The vector mode determines whether the vectors represent the true velocity of targets or their velocity relative to the own ship.

True Vectors All moving targets and the own ship have a vector representing their movement (speed and direction) over the water/ground.

Relative Vectors If the own ship is moving, all targets, moving and stationary, have a vector representing their movement (speed and direction) relative to own ship. Own ship will not have a vector in this mode.

Selecting a Vector Mode

A TRUE or REL (Relative) vector mode can be selected as follows:

1. Position the screen cursor over the vector mode selection field.

2. Consecutive left clicks will toggle the mode between TRUE (T) and RELATIVE (R) vectors.

Note: If the Vector Timeout has been selected (ARPA/LIMITS & SETTINGS menu), then the vector mode will revert to the same as the motion mode after 30 seconds.



Selecting a Vector Time

The “vector time” selected will determine the length of the vectors shown on the radar display. The length of a vector represents the distance the ship/target will travel in the “vector time”, for example:

• Vector Time =5 min;

• Speed (of ship/target) =12 kt;

• Length of Vector =1 n mile.

The optimum vector time will depend on the range scale in use.

The Vector Time can be adjusted as follows:

1. Position the screen cursor over the vector time field.

2. Left click to access.

3. Move the cursor control left or right to change the time.

4. Left click to accept.

Alternatively, a right click will reveal a drop-down numeric keypad from which the vector time can be entered.

Extending the vector time lets you check on CPA’s of targets by projecting their movements further into the future.

Trails Mode

Decaying video trails, showing the history of a target’s movements, can be displayed in addition to the target vectors. The manner in which the trails are displayed depends on the motion mode in use. In Relative Motion – Relative Trails (RM (R)), the trails indicate the movement of the targets relative to own ship. In True Motion and Relative Motion – True Trails (TM and RM (T)), the trails have own ship’s speed applied and show movement over the ground if selected speed is ground locked, or through the water if the speed is water locked.

The Trail function is only available in Transmit Mode and will not be displayed in Standby.

When True Motion or Relative Motion – True Trails (TM or RM (T)) is selected, the letter “T” (True Trails) is displayed at the LH side of the text in the Trails display field, otherwise “R” (Relative Trails) is displayed, see below.

Trail Time

This parameter shows the length of the trails.

Selecting a Trails Mode

A left click reveals a drop-down menu containing the trail modes available. The currently selected mode is highlighted. The options available for selection are as follows:

• “SHORT” – high rate of decay giving a short trail. Actual trail length will depend on the range in use (see table below);

• “LONG” – low rate of decay giving a long trail. Actual trail length will depend on the range in use (see table below);



• “PERM” – permanent trail which does not decay. When the trail length becomes greater than 99 minutes, it is indicated as “PERM”;

• “OFF” – trails removed from display;

• “RESET” – keeps the currently selected mode and clears the video.

Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the required mode; left click to select.

By pressing the right mouse button you can remove the target trails from the screen at any time and then restore the trails with another right mouse button click.

The selection of LONG or SHORT alters the speed of decay of the trails and is dependant on the range scale in use. In the table below, the times given indicate the length of the trail as displayed on the screen. Trails default to SHORT after power up.

Range Scale (n mile) Short Time Long Time

0.125 10 sec 30 sec

0.25 10 sec 30 sec

0.5 15 sec 45 sec

0.75 15 sec 45 sec

1.5 30 sec 90 sec

3.0 30 sec 90 sec

6.0 and above 1 min 3 min

Warning Prompts

Presentation Mode Warnings

If an attempt is made to enter a stabilized presentation mode when the compass is on alarm, the following prompt is displayed.

EBL’s, ERBL’s and VRM’s

Introduction



Two EBL’s (Electronic Bearing Lines) and two VRM’s (Variable Range Markers) are available and can be displayed simultaneously in the video circle. They are available in both Standby and Transmit modes.

“VRM 1” is always associated with “EBL 1” and “VRM 2” with “EBL 2”. Both VRM’s and EBL’s default to “OFF”.

In Standby mode, ranges and bearings are measured relative to the centre of the video circle rather than own ship. When switching between Standby and Transmit modes, all EBL’s and VRM’s are turned OFF.

The range and bearing values (displayed to the right of the VRM and EBL caption boxes) are only displayed when the associated VRM or EBL is ON.

If an EBL is turned ON while its associated VRM is turned OFF, then the EBL is displayed as an ERBL (Electronic Range and Bearing Line).

Electronic Bearing Line (EBL)

EBL’s can be turned ON or OFF independently. Any settings are remembered when they are switched OFF.

Turning EBL’s ON and OFF

1. Position the screen cursor over the EBL caption box.

2. Left click to toggle ON or OFF.

An EBL is displayed as a green line in the video circle.

If an EBL is turned ON while its associated VRM is turned OFF, then the EBL is displayed as an ERBL with a small circle positioned on the bearing line to indicate the range (providing it is within the range of the video circle).

Changing the Bearing of an EBL or ERBL

1. Position the screen cursor over the bearing.


3. Move the cursor control left or right to change the bearing.


Alternatively, a right click will reveal a drop-down numeric keypad from which the bearing can be entered.

The range of an ERBL can be changed in the same way.

Depending on the presentation mode selected, the letter “T” is displayed to indicate a true bearing or the letter “R” for relative.



Direct ERBL Control

To control the range and bearing of an ERBL from within the video circle:

1. Position the screen cursor (+) over the small VRM circle on the EBL.


3. Move the cursor control in any direction to change the ERBL settings.

4. Release the key to accept.

Note: If the small VRM circle is over a target, a single key click is associated with that target. It is therefore essential to keep the left key pressed when changing the ERBL settings.

Variable Range Marker (VRM)

The two VRM’s can be turned ON or OFF independently. Any settings are remembered when they are switched OFF.

Turning VRM’s ON and OFF

1. Position the screen cursor over the VRM caption box.

2. Left click to toggle ON or OFF.

A VRM 1 is displayed as a green ring, and a VRM 2 is displayed as a red ring in the video circle.

Changing the Range of a VRM

1. Position the screen cursor over the range.


3. Move the cursor control left or right to change the range.


Alternatively, a right click will reveal a drop-down numeric keypad from which the range can be entered.



Combined VRM and EBL Control

To control a VRM and it’s associated EBL from within the video circle:

1. Position the screen cursor (“+”) over the intersection of the VRM and EBL.


3. Move cursor control in any direction to change the range and bearing.

4. Release the key to accept.

Note: If the intersection of an EBL and its associated VRM is over a target, a single key click is associated with that target. It is therefore essential to keep the left key pressed when changing the VRM and EBL.

Options

EBL 2/VRM 2 can be either centered or off-centered (EBL 1/VRM 1 can only be centered). When centered, EBL 2/VRM 2 are displayed with their origin at the turning unit position. When off-centered there are two further options, dropped or carried. When carried in a stabilized mode, the off-centered position is at a constant true bearing and range from the turning unit. When carried in unstabilized mode, the off-center position will be at a constant relative bearing and range. When dropped they remain at a fixed position on the ground or on the water depending on whether the speed in use is “speed over ground” or “speed through water”. The default settings are Centered and Carried.

Note: The dropped option is not available in H-Up presentation mode.

A letter (D) is displayed in the EBL caption box if dropped is selected.

A letter (C) is displayed in the EBL caption box if carried is selected.

To select the required option (for EBL 2/VRM 2 ONLY) Either EBL 2 or VRM 2 must be ON:

1. Position the screen cursor over the EBL 2 or VRM 2 caption box.

2. Right click to reveal the drop-down menu.



3. Move the screen cursor to the required option. If OFFCENTRE is selected, the screen cursor is repositioned at the centre of the video circle leaving the drop-down menu in place:

– Move the cursor (+) to the required off-centre location;

– Left click to select; the screen cursor returns to the EBL 2/VRM’s caption box and the EBL/VRM is redrawn at the new position.

– Move the cursor to the required (Carry or Drop) option and left click to select.

Defaults

If the video circle is in a stabilized display mode, the bearing of EBL’s is true (i.e., with respect to true north); if unstabilized, the bearing is relative to own ship’s heading line. Switching between stabilized and unstabilized modes causes both EBL’s to revert to their default values. They are also turned OFF if previously set to ON.

The default bearing for EBL 1 is 5.0° and for EBL 2 is 355°. The default range for VRM 1 is 2.5 n mile and for VRM 2 is 4.5 n mile.

Target Functions

Introduction

In Transmit mode, any target that appears on the radar display within 40 n mile can be tracked. The method used is target acquisition and auto-tracking. Once a target has been acquired, information relating to the target’s proximity to own ship and its speed, and bearing is maintained until the target is “cancelled”.

Information on one or more tracked targets can be displayed in a target box (see Target Data later in this section).

Manual Acquisition of Targets

Manual acquisition is only available on range scales of 0.25 n mile and above. When a target is acquired, it is automatically assigned an identification number. Target numbering always starts at 1 and goes up to a maximum of 40. A target is assigned the next number in the sequence. Gaps which occur due to targets being cancelled or dropped, are not filled until the maximum number has been reached.



Acquiring a Target

1. Position the cursor over the target in the video circle.

2. Left click to acquire the target.

An initial tracking symbol [2] is displayed centred on the target’s estimated position. After 16 good plots, this initial tracking symbol is replaced by the target vector indicating the acquired target’s speed and direction [1] (see Vector Modes in the paragraph Presentation, Motion, Vector & Trail Modes).

Cancelling Target Acquisition

1. Position the cursor over an acquired target in the video circle.

2. Right click to cancel the target acquisition.

The target vector and associated target information are removed from the target.

Automatic Targeting ARPA Radars

Target Acquisition

Targets can be acquired manually by the operator or automatically using operator definable auto-acquisition zones. When a target enters an auto-acquisition zone, an alarm is raised and the target is automatically “acquired”. Autoacquisition zones are available in all presentation and motion modes. Targets cannot be acquired within 0.25 n mile of own ship.

Target Tracking Limitations

• When the maximum number of targets are being tracked, the “TRACKS FULL” alarm is raised and another target cannot be acquired until one or more targets are cancelled;

• If the radar is switched to Standby, all targets will be cancelled automatically;

• Already acquired targets are dead reckoned (DR) when within 0.25 n mile of own ship.

The integrity of ARPA tracking is a function of many variables which include clutter conditions, signal-to-noise ratio and sensor errors (log, compass, nav. input, etc.). The design of the tracker minimises the effects of these errors but the operator must be aware that such errors will produce discrepancies in derived tracked target information such as true speed, course, bearing, CPA, and TCPA.

The possibility of target swop is minimised by the use of damped plot predictions in the tracker. The ARPA tracker employs advanced rain and sea clutter rejection techniques independent of the display settings. A fully established tracked target will not be affected by large levels of sea or rain clutter, however attempting to acquire a target at close range in severe clutter conditions may cause the occasional appearance of the lost target symbol and its associated alarm.

When changing from one speed mode to another, and particularly between a water speed and a ground speed mode, the vectors take some time to resettle. Three minutes should be allowed to obtain full accuracy when switching between speed modes.



Compass Errors

If targets are being tracked, a compass error will cause affected target tote data to change from green to red. The affected data being TBRG, CPA, TCPA, COG (or CSE), SOG (or STW), BCR, and BCT. After 1 minute, all tracked targets will be cancelled; autoacquisition zones, mapping facilities, the constant radius turn, and plots will be switched off; and it will not be possible to use these facilities or select a stabilized mode, until a valid compass heading is available. The system will reset to the H-Up presentation mode.

Target Alarm Symbols

If an alarm is raised against a target currently in the video circle, an alarm symbol is displayed. This symbol flashes until the alarm is acknowledged. The alarm symbol then remains displayed as long as the alarm condition exists.

Even if the target is not currently displayed in the video circle, an alarm will still be raised. An unacknowledged alarm always has a higher priority than an acknowledged alarm. The following alarm symbols, listed in order of priority, are used:

• if the radar hasn’t been able to obtain successfully the position of a target, which is being used as an echo reference during the last three radar scans, “LOST REF” alarm is raised;

◊

• if an acquired target infringes the bow crossing limits, “BOW CROSSING” alarm is raised;

╬

• if an acquired target infringes the CPA and TCPA limits, “CPA/TCPA” alarm is raised;

△

• when a target enters an auto-acquisition zone, “AZ ENTRY” alarm is raised; ▽

• if the radar hasn’t been able to obtain successfully a target’s position during the last six radar scans, “LOST TARGET” alarm is raised.

◊

Guard Zones

Two annular guard zones are available which are always displayed relative to own ship’s head. Guard zones are active on all ranges in all motion and presentation modes. When a target enters a guard zone, an alarm is raised.

If 100 infringements have been detected, “ZONES FULL” alarm is raised.



Accessing the Guard Zones Menu

1. Position the screen cursor over the “AZ” soft key.

2. Left click to reveal the “GUARD ZONES” menu.

A left click on the “EXIT GUARD ZONES” soft key will close the “GUARD ZONES” menu.

Turning Guard Zones On/Off

Note: Guard zones retain their definitions when turned off.

1. Position the screen cursor over “ZONE” line in the menu.

2. Left click to toggle the selected zone “ON” and “OFF”.

Defining a Guard Zone

Note: A guard zone is not active while it is being defined.

1. Position the cursor over “EDIT” soft key.

2. Left click to select edit mode for the associated guard zone.

3. Move the cursor to the centre of the video circle from where the zone can be edited. The other zone will temporarily be displayed at its last setting for reference purposes (provided the range in use is suitable), but will not detect any infringements unless it is currently “ON”. The selected zone is displayed in a different colour, and the associated “ZONE ON/OFF” line in the menu shows “EDIT”.

4. Edit the zone as described in Annular Zone Editing below.

5. Select another soft key (“EDIT” or “EXIT GUARD ZONES”) to store the new zone and automatically switch it on.

Annular Zone Editing

Changing the Start/Stop Bearing

1. Position the cursor over the start or stop bearing as required.


3. Drag the start or stop bearing to its new position.

4. Release the key.

Changing the Range of a Zone

1. Place the cursor over the inner arc of the annulus.


3. Drag the entire zone to its new position.

4. Release the key.



Altering the Depth of the Zone

1. Place the cursor over the outer arc of the annulus.


3. Drag the outer arc to its new position.

4. Release the key.

Target Data

The target box defaults to showing data for a single target.

Acquired Target Data

The following data is shown:

• “TARGET” – target identification number/name;

• “RANGE” – range of target from own ship;

• “T BRG” – bearing of target from own ship;

• “CPA” – closest point of approach to own ship;

• “TCPA” – time to closest point of approach;

• “CSE/COG” – target’s course through the water (CSE) or course over the ground (COG);

• “STW/SOG” – target’s speed through the water (STW) or speed over the ground (SOG);

• “BCR” – bow crossing range;

• “BCT” – bow crossing time.

The target, for which data is shown, can be selected by left clicking on an acquired target in the video circle. The selected target [2] is identified in the video circle by a small “[ ]” symbol centred on the plot origin.



Trial Manoeuvres

A trial manoeuvre can be carried out to see the effect of a proposed manoeuvre of own ship:

1. Position the screen cursor over the “TRIAL” soft key.

2. Left click to reveal the “TRIAL MANOEUVRE” menu.

Note: Own ship’s course and speed are used as the default settings in the “TRIAL MANOEUVRE” menu.

Running a Trial Manoeuvre

Final Course of Own Ship

Enter the proposed course of own ship to be followed after the manoeuvre:

1. Left click on the course line (CSE in the example) to activate.

2. Move the cursor control left or right to set the course required.


Speed of Manoeuvre

If you intend to change speed, enter the proposed speed of own ship to be maintained during and after the manoeuvre:

1. Left click on the speed line (STW in the example) to activate.

2. Move the cursor control left or right to set the required speed.


Manoeuvre Delay

Enter the proposed time delay between switching the trial manoeuvre “ON” and actually starting the manoeuvre:

1. Left click on the “DELAY” line to activate.

2. Move the cursor control left or right to set the required delay.


Vector Type

Select “TRUE” or “REL” (Relative) vector type as follows:

1. Position the screen cursor over the vector type selection field in the “TRIAL MANOEUVRE” menu.

2. Consecutive left clicks will toggle the type between true “T VECTORS” and relative “R VECTORS”.



Vector Time

Enter the proposed vector time:

1. Position the screen cursor over the vector time field in the “TRIAL MANOEUVRE” menu.


3. Move the cursor control left or right to change the time.


Note: Entering a longer vector time will allow you to see further into the trial manoeuvre. The above procedures (for Vector Type and Vector Time) will overwrite any selections made earlier (see Vector Modes in the paragraph Presentation, Motion, Vector & Trail Modes), and will remain in force until changed. If required, reset the vector time after the trial manoeuvre is completed.

Manoeuvre Switch-ON

Left click on the “RUNNING OFF” line to switch the manoeuvre “ON”. The “manoeuvre delay” entered earlier will start to count down.

The manoeuvre vectors are displayed until the time for the manoeuvre expires, or the manoeuvre is switched-OFF. (When the manoeuvre is running, a left click on the “RUNNING ON” line will switch-OFF the manoeuvre.)

The trial manoeuvre vectors are displayed when the trial manoeuvre is running.

If true (“T”) vectors are selected, the trial vector is shown for own ship only, as shown in the example below. This shows own ship’s true course during the manoeuvre.

If relative (“R”) vectors are selected, the trial vectors are applied to every acquired target, with own ship’s vector suppressed, and show the course of the targets relative to own ship.

Note: “Vector type” (T or R VECTORS) and “vector time” may be changed at any time before or during the manoeuvre.

While the trial manoeuvre is running and the Trial Manoeuvre menu is displayed, the word “TRIAL” will appear at the bottom of the video circle. Once the delay has elapsed, the word “TRIAL” is removed from the display, and the manoeuvre is turned “OFF”.

Exit from TRIAL MANOEUVRE Menu

To exit from the “TRIAL MANOEUVRE” menu, click the right mouse button on “TRIAL” soft key.



Display of UAIS Information

Display of UAIS Targets

With the arrival of data from the UAIS transponder, information on targets appears on the radar display.

With the first appearance of information, a UAIS target is shown as an acute-angled triangle (sleeping UAIS).

To acquire a UAIS target for tracking, position the cursor on the target mark and click the left trackball/mouse button. The tracked UAIS target will be shown as an acute-angled triangle with the relative bearing line.

If a UAIS target is on the turning circle, the tip of the heading line will show the turn direction.



COG/SOG vector is shown as a dashed line originating from the centre of the triangle.

UAIS targets can be acquired automatically if they are within the guard zone or if they are dangerous targets (by CPA\TCPA criterion). In this case, UAIS targets are shown as red coloured marks flickering with a frequency of 1 Hz.

In the case of lost tracking (data stops arriving), after some time, the UAIS will be displayed in the form of a blue coloured crossed triangle.

Obtaining UAIS Data

To obtain data on a UAIS target, position the cursor on the target mark and click the left trackball/mouse button. The Targets panel will display information on the acquired target.

The triangle next to the target number will indicate availability of data from the UAIS transponder. The target’s course and speed will be shown from the UAIS data.

To display additional UAIS information, position the cursor on the panel and click the left trackball/mouse button. The screen will display additional UAIS information.



Additional UAIS information panel will contain the following lines:

MMSI Target’s MMSI.

HEADING Heading.

Navigational status.

TYPE Ship type (as per the standard classification).

IMO NUM IMO number.

CALL SIGN Target callsign.

Ship name.

Port of destination.

ARPA Functions

Introduction

As the radar is configured as an ARPA, a large range of additional target related functions can be provided. Access to these functions is via the programmable “ARPA” key.

Accessing ARPA Functions

1. Position the screen cursor over the “ARPA” soft key.

2. Right click to toggle ARPA data display “ON” or “OFF”.



Note: When the ARPA function is turned-ON, only the options currently ON in the “ARPA” menu will be visible. When turned-OFF, all ARPA related synthetics are removed from the radar picture.

A left click will reveal the “ARPA” menu.

A left click on the “EXIT ARPA” soft key will close the menu.

Turning the Display of ARPA Data On or Off

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “ARPA DATA” line.

2. Left click to toggle the display of ARPA Data “ON” or “OFF”.

Targets Currently Being Tracked

The “TRK TARGETS” line in the menu indicates the number of targets currently being tracked.

Past Position Dots

If past position dots are switched on, dots will be displayed indicating the past positions for all tracked targets. The interval between the dots is selected by the user.

As soon as a target is acquired, the past position data starts to build up. The number of dots displayed, up to a maximum of 4, is determined by the length of time the target has been tracked and the time interval selected.

Past position dots are available in all presentation and motion modes providing the system has a working compass.

To turn the past position dots ON or OFF:

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “PAST POSN” line.

2. Left click to toggle the display of past position dots “ON” or “OFF”. When the past position dots are switched “ON”, the time interval between dots will be displayed in the menu.



To select the past position time interval:

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “PAST POSN” line.

2. Right click to reveal a drop-down menu listing the time intervals available.

3. Left click on the time interval required.

Target ID’s

This facility enables the operator to select whether target ID’s are displayed in the video circle against the associated tracked targets.

To turn on the display of target identifiers:

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “TARGET ID” line.

2. Left click to toggle through the options available, i.e. “OFF” – “NUMBER”.

or:

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “TARGET ID” line.


3. Left click on the option to be displayed, or on “OFF” to turn the display off.

AIS Information Display

This function allows turning on/off the display of AIS information (by default, the display of AIS information is always ON).

To turn the AIS information display ON or OFF:

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “AIS DATA” line.

2. Left click to toggle the display of AIS information “ON” or “OFF”.



Automatic Dropping of Targets

If Autodrop mode is switched on, targets which are not a danger to own ship are automatically dropped without any alarm being raised.

Any target, whether it was acquired manually or automatically, will be dropped if it meets all of the following criteria:

• the target is not in an auto-acquisition zone;

• it is not the echo reference target;

• it doesn’t have “CPA/TCPA” or “Bow Crossing” alarm raised against it;

• the TCPA is more than 3 minutes ago;

• the target is astern of own ship;

• its range is more than 10 n mile from own ship.

Regardless of whether Autodrop mode is ON or OFF, all targets will be dropped when the radar is switched to Standby. Also, any target which meets any of the following criteria will be automatically dropped without an alarm being raised:

• its range is more than 40 n mile from own ship;

• valid plot data has not been obtained for the last 60 radar scans, i.e., the target has been lost.

Autodrop

1. Click the left mouse button on “LIMITS & SETTING” line in “ARPA” menu: the screen will display a menu with the same name.

2. The Autodrop facility is selected (“ON” or “OFF”) by a left click on the “AUTODROP” line in the menu.



Vector Timeout

If the selected vector mode does not match the current motion mode, the vector data is displayed in orange. If “VECTOR TIMEOUT” has been selected (ON) using the procedure below, then the vector mode will revert to the same as the motion mode after 30 seconds.

To turn vector timeout ON or OFF:

1. Within the “LIMITS & SETTING” menu, position the screen cursor over the “VECTOR TIMEOUT” line.

2. Left click to toggle for “ON” or “OFF”.

NMEA Targets

The facility is provided to output data on tracked targets. The output data conforms to the NMEA 0183 standard. Data is output on all tracked targets provided that Track Table O/P has been selected under initialization:

1. Position the screen cursor on “NMEA TARGETS” line in “LIMITS & SETTING” menu.

2. Left mouse clicks switch between the display of data on all targets (“ALL” or “MULTI TARGETS”).

or:

1. Position the screen cursor on “NMEA TARGETS” line in “LIMITS & SETTING” menu.

2. Click the right mouse button to display a drop-down menu on the screen.

3. Click the left mouse button either on “ALL” if you wish to obtain data on all the tracked targets, or on “MULTI TARGET”.

Limits of Targets Maximum Approach Point and Bow Crossing Parameters

Limits of CPA/TCPA and BCR/BCT can be change in the following way:

1. Position the screen cursor on “CPA LIMIT”, “TCPA LIMIT”, “BCR LIMIT” or “BCT LIMIT” line in “LIMITS & SETTING” menu.

2. Click the left mouse button to activate it.

3. Move the cursor to the left or to the right until the required CPA/TCPA and BCR/BCT limit value is obtained.

4. Click the left mouse button to record the selected value.



Parallel Index Lines

Introduction

The Parallel Index Line (PI) facility allows either up to four or up to five index lines to be displayed simultaneously. The lines span the entire video circle, irrespective of the range scale in use, and are retained in the non-volatile memory. They are available in all presentation and motion modes.

Note: The radar display has up to four index lines simultaneously if @PIE 0x0000000(0) parameter is set for “Radar” task in the Configuration Editor. If @PIE 0x0000000(1) parameter is set, up to five index lines can be shown on the radar display (see NAVI-TRAINER 5000 (V. 5.00). TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND INSTALLATION MANUAL).

Index lines are available both in Transmit and Standby modes and are available on range scales of 0.25 n mile (0.5 km) and above.

Each index line is defined by the range of its closest point to own ship, its bearing and its line type. Bearings are true when in a stabilized presentation mode, but relative to own ship’s head when in an unstabilized mode.

Accessing the Edit Index Lines Menu

1. Position the screen cursor over the “PI” soft key which is located in the bottom right corner of the display.

2. Left click to reveal the “EDIT INDEX LINES” menu.

When the “EDIT INDEX LINES” menu is displayed, it overwrites the target data and user data areas, and presents a new set of soft keys.

Note: A left click on the “EXIT EDIT LINES” soft key will close the menu.



Index Line Editing

Within the “EDIT INDEX LINES” menu, all lines are used for editing, but are not active until edit mode is selected.

A defined line will be shown at its last position. If not yet defined, it will default to the bearing of any other defined line. If it is the first line to be defined, it will be shown as a horizontal line through the centre of the video circle.

Selecting the EDIT Mode

1. Position the screen cursor over one of programmable “LINE 1…LINE 4” keys located under the “EDIT INDEX LINES” menu, thus selecting the line which should be edited.

2. Left click to access. The menu will show the name of the line which is being edited (e.g. “EDIT LINE 3”).



Changing the Bearing of Selected Line

The range and bearing of a selected line can be changed by dragging the line within the video circle, or from within the menu using the cursor control or a series of drop-down keypads:

1. Within the video circle, position the video cursor over any point on the line other than the pivot point.


3. Rotate the line about the pivot point by dragging to the required bearing. The bearing is automatically updated in the menu.

4. Release the left key.

Alternatively, a left click on the “BRG” line in the “EDIT INDEX LINES” menu will allow adjustment using movement of the cursor control. A right click will reveal a drop-down numeric keypad from where a new bearing can be entered.

Changing the Range of Selected Line



1. Within the video circle, place the video cursor over the pivot point of the selected line.


3. Drag the line to the required range from own ship. The range is automatically updated in the menu.

Note: Range is the shortest distance from Own Ship to index line.

4. Release the left key.

Alternatively, a left click on the “RANGE” line in the “EDIT INDEX LINES” menu will allow adjustment using movement of the cursor control. A right click will reveal a drop-down numeric keypad from where a new range can be entered.

Removing a Line

1. Position the screen cursor over the “DELETE” caption in the “EDIT INDEX LINES” menu.

2. Left click deletes the line specified in the menu.

Additional Functions in Five Index Lines Editing Menu

The editing menu for five index lines has the following additional functions:

• “LOAD” – to load a previously created and saved group of index lines;

• “SAVE” – to save a previously created group of index lines for the future loading;

• “REMOVE” – to delete a saved group of index lines.

The group of index lines for any of the aforementioned functions is selected from “SELECT GROUP” digital key panel. The panel is opened by clicking the left mouse button on the selected function key.

The line group number is entered by using digital keys or “increase/decrease” keys. The current number is displayed under the keys. After the input of the group number, press “ENTER” key to perform the selected function. The selected group number is displayed in “INDEX LINES GROUP” editing menu line. To cancel the selected function, press “CANCEL” key on the digital panel.



Exiting from Edit Mode

Edit mode can be exited either by a second left click on the “EDIT” soft key, or by a left click on the “EXIT EDIT LINES” soft key.

When an editing session is ended, all edited data is saved in the radar’s non-volatile memory.

Warning Prompt

If an attempt is made to edit or turn index lines “ON” when an invalid range is selected, the following prompt is displayed.

System Menu

Introduction

Then programmable “SYSTEM” key opens the system menu where from BridgeMaster E radar can be turned off, and another radar selection menu exited to (see the beginning of section Radar Selection and Adjustment of its Initial Parameters).

Access to the System Menu

1. Position the screen cursor on the programmable “SYSTEM” key.

2. Click the left mouse button to call the system menu.

In the current version, the system menu contains a single “EXIT” function. This function closes BridgeMaster E radar screen and returns you to the selection menu of another radar available in the simulator.

To exit from the system menu without turning the radar off, click the left mouse button on “EXIT SYSTEM” line.

Tools

Introduction

The “TOOLS” soft key provides access to a number of on-screen tools which allow the user to:

• Display a half or full circle “ROTATING CURSOR”;

• “Mark” up to 20 points of interest on screen.



Accessing the TOOLS

A left click will reveal the “TOOLS” menu and an “EXIT TOOLS” soft key.

Note: A left click on the “EXIT TOOLS” soft key will close the menu.

Rotating Cursor

A HALF circle or FULL circle rotating cursor can be displayed to provide a means of parallel indexing. The rotating cursor consists of a single white line diameter plus a number of equally spaced lines, which are perpendicular to the single line. The spacing of the perpendicular lines corresponds to the range ring spacing on all ranges. The rotating cursor is always centered on own ship.

The displayed cursor can be rotated by dragging (left click, hold and drag) the end points of the lines which pass through the video circle centre. The end points are marked with semi-circle.

To turn the rotating cursor ON or OFF:

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “DISPLAY” line under the “ROTATING CURSOR” heading.

2. Left click to toggle the cursor “ON” or “OFF”.

To select HALF or FULL circle cursor:

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “TYPE” line.

2. Left click to toggle the cursor to “HALF” or “FULL”.

Marks

Up to 20 position “marks” can be defined within the video circle. The marks are available in all motion modes, presentation modes (except H-Up mode) and range scales, and may be “dropped” or “carried”. When carried, the marks remain at a fixed range and bearing from own ship. When dropped, they remain at a fixed position on the ground or in the water (depending on the speed mode in use).



In the menu “MARKS: nn” line indicates the number of marks currently defined, and the “MODE” line indicates whether “CARRY” or “DROP” is selected.

To turn marks ON or OFF:

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “DISPLAY” line under the “MARKS: nn” heading.

2. Left click to toggle marks ON or OFF.

Marks are displayed as small white crosses (x) with rings within the video circle.

To add marks:

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “ADD” line.


3. Position the cursor over the position to be marked.

4. Left click to mark.



If an attempt is made to add a mark when 20 marks are already defined, the following prompt is displayed:

To delete individual marks:

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “DELETE” line.


3. Position the cursor over the mark to be deleted.

4. Left click to delete.

To delete all marks:

1. Within the menu, position the screen cursor over the “DELETE ALL” line.

2. Left click to “DELETE ALL” marks.

This operation cannot be undone.

Note: All “marks” are cleared automatically if the “Drop” or “Carry” mode is altered, or the presentation mode is changed between stabilized and unstabilized.

WARNING!



Navigation

Introduction

The display of waypoints, routes, and steering data is switched ON and OFF using the navigation (NAV) soft key. This key also provides access to the “NAVIGATION” menu and the editing facilities for:

• defining own ship’s position;

• switching route display “ON” and “OFF”.

Accessing the NAVIGATION Menu

1. Position the screen cursor over the “NAV” soft key.

2. Left click to reveal the “NAVIGATION” menu.

The Route Display can be switched-ON and OFF from within the menu.

A left click on the “EXIT NAVIGATION” soft key will close the menu.

Cursor Display

Within the “NAVIGATION” menu, the “CURSOR DISP” line relates to the cursor data displayed when the cursor is within the video circle. The information can be displayed in Lat/Lon or Range/Bearing format, or in both.

1. Position the screen cursor over the “CURSOR DISP” line in the “NAVIGATION” menu.

2. Left click to toggle for “BOTH”, “LAT/LON” or “RANGE/BRG”.

Alternatively, a right click on the “CURSOR DISP” line will reveal a drop-down menu listing the options available. Left click on the option required, or right click to close the menu without further action.

Turning the Route Display ON and OFF

1. Position the screen cursor over the “ROUTE DISPLAY” line in the “NAVIGATION” menu.

2. Left click to toggle the route display “ON” or “OFF”.

Note: If H-Up mode is selected when route display is “ON”, the route display is inhibited until a stabilized mode is selected.



Warning Prompts

If an attempt is made to turn the route display “ON” when the system is unstabilized, outside of the allowed range scale or outside allowed latitudes, an appropriate prompt is displayed.

Alarms

Introduction

Alarms are displayed at the right side of the video circle in the Alarms display box which is present in both Standby and Transmit modes.

A list of alarms, together with a brief description and suggested remedial actions for each alarm, is given at the end of the chapter.

Types of Alarm

There are three types of alarm:

• Those which will clear automatically when the condition that caused the alarm is no longer present. For example, Bow Crossing CPA/TCPA and Position alarms;

• Those which will clear as soon as they are acknowledged even if the condition that caused the alarm is still present. For example, AZ Entry alarms;

• Those which will clear only when the alarm has been acknowledged and the condition that caused the alarm is no longer present. For example, Compass and Position alarms.

Alarm Display

The Alarm display box provides an indication of the current alarm state and a means of acknowledging alarms, should any occur. There are three alarm states:

• No Alarms;

• Unacknowledged Alarms;

• Acknowledged Alarms.

No Alarms

If there are no alarms, the caption “NO ALARMS” is displayed in green.

Unacknowledged Alarms

When an alarm condition is detected, that alarm flashes in red in the Alarm display box. If more than one alarm condition exists, the alarm with the highest priority is displayed. The alarm remains displayed until it is either acknowledged, automatically cleared, or is replaced with an alarm of higher priority.

To Acknowledge an Alarm

1. Position the screen cursor over the Alarm display box.

2. Left click to acknowledge.

If there is more than one alarm, the acknowledged alarm is replaced by the next HIGHEST priority unacknowledged alarm.

3. Repeat the process until all alarms have been acknowledged. When there are no further unacknowledged alarms, the caption “ALARMS” is displayed in red and is steady (i.e., is not flashing).



Acknowledged Alarms

If there are acknowledged alarms but no unacknowledged (new) alarms, the caption “ALARMS” is displayed in red and is steady.

Alarm Facilities

A right click on the Alarm display box reveals a drop-down list of up to six acknowledged alarms, arranged in order of priority, and a drop-down alarm menu.

Note: When required, user a right click to exit and remove the list.

The menu offers independent option:

BUZZER – when this is switched-ON, a beep is sounded for each new alarm.

The Alarm BUZZER

To turn the alarm “BUZZER ON” or “BUZZER OFF”:

1. Within the drop-down menu, position the screen cursor over the “BUZZER” line.

2. Left click to toggle the buzzer “ON” or “OFF”.

3. Right click to close the menu.

List of Alarms

The alarms, which are raised by the system and appear in the ALARM box at the right-hand side of the display, are given in alphabetical order in the table below. If more than one alarm exists, the alarm with the highest priority (the most important) is displayed.

Alarm Message Brief Description/Remedial Actions

BOW CROSS Bow Cross limit reached. Check limit – left click BC line in TOTE

COMPASS Compass Alarm. Check wiring and SYSTEM menu – TEST DATA

CPA/TCPA Limit reached. Check limits – left click on CPA or TCPA line in TOTE

GZ ALARM EPA only. Target detected in guard zone

LOG ERROR NO pulses or NO serial input. Check TYPE selected and wiring

LOST REF ECHO REF target lost. Select new target or different speed source

LOST TARGET Tracked target no longer being seen

STBY/TX ERR Transceiver failed to transmit

TRACKS FULL Tracking maximum number of targets – cancel some



Search and Rescue Detection (SART)

A SART will only respond to an X-Band (3 cm) radar. It will NOT be seen on an S-BAND (10 cm) radar.

Introduction

A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar within a range of approximately 8 n mile. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 ms) through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 ms) through the band back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles. At some point in the sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver. If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0.64 n mile will be shown.

Radar Range Scale

When looking for a SART, it is preferable to use either the 6 or 12 n mile range scale, Range Scales and Range Rings.

SART Range Errors

When responses from only 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 n mile), the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as much as 0.64 n mile beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first of these dots will be no more than 150 metres beyond the true position.

WARNING!



Radar Bandwidth

This is normally matched to the radar pulse length and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulse length. Narrow bandwidths of 3–5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range scales and wide bandwidths of 10–25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges.

A radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART, Radar Transmission Pulse Length.

Radar Side Lobes

As the SART is approached, side lobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the anti-clutter sea control although it may be operationally useful to observe the side lobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions, and also they will confirm that the SART is near to own ship.

Detuning the Radar

To increase the visibility of the SART in clutter conditions, the radar may be detuned to reduce the clutter without reducing the SART response. The BridgeMaster E radar is equipped with automatic/manual frequency control and can be detune manually, Transceiver Tuning. Care should be taken in operating the radar in the detuned condition as other wanted navigational and anti-collision information may be removed. The tuning should be returned to normal operation as soon as possible.

Video Gain

For maximum range SART detection, the normal gain setting for long range detection should be used, i.e., with a light background noise speckle visible, Video Processing Controls.

Anti-clutter Sea Control

For optimum range SART detection, this control should be set to the minimum. Care should be exercised as wanted targets in sea clutter may be obscured. Note also that in clutter conditions, the first few dots of the SART response may not be detectable, irrespective of the setting of the anti-clutter sea control. In this case, the position of the SART may be estimated by measuring 9.5 n mile from the further dot back towards own ship.

The BridgeMaster E Radar has automatic/manual anti-clutter sea control facilities, Video Processing Controls. Because of the way in which the automatic sea control functions, the operator is advised to use manual control initially until the SART has been detected. The effect of the auto sea control on the SART response can then be compared with manual control.

Anti-clutter Rain Control

This should be used normally (i.e., to break up areas of rain) when trying to detect a SART response which, being a series of dots, is not affected by the action of the anti-clutter rain circuitry. Note that Racon responses, which are often in the form of a long flash, will be affected by the use of this control.

The BridgeMaster E radar has automatic/manual anti-clutter rain control facilities, Video Processing Controls. Because of the way in which the automatic control functions, the operator is advised to use manual control initially until the SART has been detected. The effect of the auto rain control on the SART response can then be compared with manual control.

Furuno Type Radar Imitator


Defaults and Other Operating Conditions

By default, intercepts are from own ship to a target. It is not possible to select a target which is not established.

The initial default for interceptor speed is 25 kt, but subsequently the last entered planning speed is used.

FURUNO TYPE RADAR IMITATOR

Running the Program For radar selection and radar parameters adjusting, see the first section of this chapter.

On the screen of the monitor, after the selection of imitator Furuno you will see the radar front control panel with Standby message on the plan-position indicator (PPI).

Controls The outward appearance and arrangement of the radar imitator controls are shown in fig. below.

They are grouped in three sections:

• Principal controls located in the bottom part of the panel;

• Instrumentation unit located on the right of the panel top part;

• Section of ARPA functions and control menus located in the right bottom part of the panel.

Controls Located in the Bottom Part of the Panel

“POWER/OFF” – to exit from the imitator program to radar selection menu.

“ST-BY/TX” – to switch between Standby and Transmit. When transmitting, radar waves are emitted by the antenna, and returning echoes appear on the display.



“BRILL” – to adjust display brilliance.

“ACQ” – press to acquire target.

“AUDIO OFF” – to silence watch alarm.

“VRM” – rotary encoder. Measure range to a target. Press “ON” to display a VRM, then operate rotary encoder to set VRM on the inside edge of the target. The range appears at the bottom of the display.

“RANGE” – to select radar range.

Ranges (n mile): 0.125; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1.5; 3; 6; 12; 16; 24; 32; 48; 72.

“A/C GAIN” – to adjust so noise just disappears from display.

“A/C SEA” – to reduce sea clutter near own ship.

“A/C RAIN” – to reduce reflections from rain, snow and hail.

“ACK ALARM” – to acknowledge the alarm.

“A/C AUTO” – to automatically reduce sea and rain clutter purpose (the imitation of this function in the simulator is not completed).

“EBL” – rotary encoder. To measure bearing to a target, press “ON” to display an EBL, then operate the rotary encoder to bisect the target with EBL. Bearing appears at the bottom of the display.

Instrumentation Unit of Display Controls

“HM OFF” – press and hold down to erase heading mark.

“ECHO TRAILS” – to show trails of targets in afterglow (30 s, 1, 3, 6, 15, 30 min, CONTINUE – see the right bottom corner of the PPI).

“MODE” – to select the display mode (North-Up, True Motion, Head-Up, Cursor Gyro Head-Up, Course-Up).

“GUARD ALARM” – to set, disable, cancel the guard alarm.

“EBL OFFSET” – to enable/disable offset EBL.

“OFF CENTER” – to off centre the display.



“x2 ZOOM” – to double the size of area between your ship and a location.

“BKGD COLOR” – to set background colour.

“INDEX LINES” – to show/hide the index lines.

“CU, TM RESET” – in course-up bow bearing is 0; in true motion own ship position is returned 50% of stern direction.

“INT REJECT” – to reduce interference from other shipborne radars. Set at “2” for normal use purpose (the imitation of this function in the simulator is not completed) (see the IR reading in the top left corner of the PPI).

“RINGS” – show/hide range rings and adjust their brightness (range ring interval: 0.025; 0.05; 0.1; 0.25; 0.5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 12; 20 n mile).

Section of ARPA Functions and Control Menus

“RADAR MENU” – to display radar menus.

“E, AUTO PLOT MENU” – to display the electronic plot menu (manual plotting) or auto plot menu (option).

“NAV MENU” – to display navigation menus (this function is available with connection of Furuno Video Plotter, is not implemented in the simulator).

Digit buttons – plot marks, to enter numeric data.

“CANCEL/-” – to erase plot marks in electronic or automatic plotting.

“ENTER” – to register option set on menu.

“ORIGIN MARK” – to hide/show origin mark (the imitation of this function in the simulator is not completed).

“VECTOR TRUE/REL” – to set vector bearing reference.

“VECTOR TIME” – to set vector length (from 1 min to 10 min).

“TARGET DATA” – to display data on acquired target.

“TARGET BASED SPEED” – to display ship’s speed (the imitation of this function in the simulator is not completed).

“AUTO PLOT” – to turn auto plotting on/off (the imitation of this function in the simulator is not completed).

“TRIAL” – to execute trial manoeuvre (to display the trial manoeuvre menu).



“LOST TARGET” – to erase lost target.

“HISTORY” – to show past positions of targets being tracked.

Display Markers and Indications The general view of the display is shown in fig. below.

The display is arranged around the PPI in the following order:

• top left corner – information on the PPI adjustment and radar cursor position;

• middle of the top part – information on the vessel’s course and speed;

• top right corner – ARPA information;

• middle of the right-hand part – menus (displayed at the operator’s request);

• bottom right corner – information on the guard zone (GUARD ALARM), afterglow trails (ECHO TRAILS), and variable range rings (VRM);

• middle of the bottom part – parameters adjusted from the menu (displayed at the operator’s request);

• bottom left corner – information on PPI off centering (OFF CENTER) and EBL’s.



Motion Displays and Display Orientations This radar has the following motion displays and orientation displays:

• Relative motion – Relative and True bearing – Head-Up;

• Relative motion – Relative and True bearing – Cursor gyro Head-Up;

• Relative motion – Relative and True bearing – Course-Up;

• True motion – Relative and True bearing – North-Up.

To switch over use “MODE” button.

Head-Up Orientation

Head-Up displays own ship’s heading at the top of the display at all times. It is useful for navigating in congested areas or narrow channels, since the display provides a more immediate indication as to whether the largest lies to port or starboard. A negative aspect of this orientation is the display is not stabilized against yaw of the vessel; there may be some smearing of echoes.

Cursor Gyro Head-Up

This orientation functions the same as the Head-Up with the addition that the bearing scale is engaged to the gyrocompass. This lets you know own ship’s bearing at a glance.

Course-Up

Course-Up shows ship’s course at the top of the display. To start Course-Up, steer vessel in direction desired and then select course-up. The heading mark is first fixed at zero degrees and then moves with ship’s movement. Because the direction desired is always at zero degrees, however, you can know if the vessel is off course. The display is stabilized against yawing of the vessel, so there is no smearing of echoes.

To change heading, steer vessel in direction desired and then press the “CU, TM RESET” key.

North-Up

North-Up displays North at the top of the display, and the heading marker moves with ship’s movement. Targets are painted at their measured distances in true directions from own ship, appearing as if you are viewing a nautical chart. Since targets do not move, the picture is stabilized against yawing of vessel. This orientation is useful for long-range navigation, finding ship’s position, monitoring ship’s movement, etc.

True Motion

True motion displays own ship and moving objects in their true motion. Since the own ship mark also moves, it freezes when its position is 75% of the range in use. If you want own ship to move continuously on the display, you can automatically return the own ship mark to 50% of the stern direction.

You may return it manually by pressing the “CU, TM RESET” key.



Menu Keys and Menu Description

Menu Keys

This radar has three menu keys: “RADAR MENU”, “E, AUTO PLOT MENU”, and “NAY MENU”. Table below describes the functions of the menu keys.

Menu Key Function

RADAR MENU To display radar function-related menus

E, AUTO PLOT MENU • To set mark size in the electronic target plotting (manual acquisition of target);• To set plotting conditions in the automatic plotting (optional Auto Plotter

required)

NAV MENU • To select/cancel the navigation data to display: data from the navigational aids, own ship position, cursor data, WP data, WP numbers, WP route;

• With Auto Plotter connection (option), it also displays the Video Plotter menu

How to Set Menu Options

The procedure which follows shows how to set menu options:

1. Press appropriate menu key.

2. Press numeral key to select item. Item number selected appears in reverse video.

3. Press the same numeral key pressed in step 2 to select option. Current selection appears in reverse video.

4. Press the <Enter> key to register option selected.

5. To change option of another item, repeat steps 2 to 4.

6. To finish, press menu key pressed at step 1.

RADAR Menu Description

Table below describes the Radar menu.

Item Description

PULSEWIDTH Pulsewidth may be selected for the ranges between 0.5 and 24 n mile. Two sets of pulsewidths (pulsewidth 1 and 2) are set during installation, and you may select one here



Note: This setting is independent of the pulsewidth set for the function keys.

Item Description

ECHO STRETCH This setting is independent of the echo stretch set for the function keys (OFF, 1, 2)

ECHO AVERAGE This setting is independent of the echo averaging set for the function keys (OFF, 1, 2, 3)

ECHO COLOR YEL: Echoes appear in 16 gradations of yellow according to strength. GRN: As above except in green. COLOR: Echoes appear in red, yellow, or green in descending order of strength

SHIP’S SPEED Set method of ship’s speed entry; speed log (LOG) or manual (MAN). When manual is selected, “MAN=**.**KTS” appears on display

INDEX LINES See below for further details (NO.2 VRM or MAN)

RADAR To call RADAR menu

RADAR menu

[FUNCTIONS] To return to the previous menu

NO.1 EBL To set bearing reference for each EBL: true or relative

NO.2 EBL

NO.1 VRM To select unit of range measurement for each VRM: kilometres, nautical miles, or statute miles

NO.2 VRM

TRAIL GRAD To display echo trail in single colour gradation (SGL), or display trails in multiple gradations (MULT) to show by lighter gradation when trailing time elapses

PULSEWIDTH 1 To set pulsewidth set No.1, set on “PULSEWIDTH 1” in the previous menu, for the ranges between 0.75 and 24 n mile

PULSEWIDTH 2 To set pulsewidth set No.2, set on “PULSEWIDTH 2” in the FUNCTIONS menu, for the ranges between 0.5 and 24 n mile

NEXT PAGE To display the next menu page

PREVIOUS PAGE To return to the previous menu page

CURSOR REF To display cursor bearing in relative or true bearing

GUARD ALARM To set alarm type. “IN” generates alarm when echoes enter the guard zone, and “OUT” when echoes exit the guard zone

BEARING SCALE To show (ON)/hide (OFF) the bearing scale

VRM’s

How to Display and Erase the VRM’s

To display and erase the VRM’s:

1. Press the “VRM ON” key. The VRM and delineated range reading will appear in the bottom right-hand corner.

2. Press the “VRM ON” key again. The second range reading delineated with a frame, will appear in the right bottom corner of the display.

3. Each press of the “VRM ON” key now selects the VRM to measure range, by operating the VRM rotary encoder. The rectangle cursor circumscribes the active marker.

4. To erase a VRM, press the “VRM OFF” key. The inactive marker and its readout are erased. Press the key again to erase remaining VRM.

Selecting Unit of Range Measurement

The unit of range measurement for each VRM can be selected to nautical miles (NM), kilometres (KM), or statute miles (SM) on the RADAR menu (NO.1/2 VRM).



EBL’s

How to Display and Erase the EBL’s

To display the EBL’s:

1. Press the “EBL ON” key. The EBL and delineated bearing reading will appear in the bottom left-hand corner.

2. Press the “EBL ON” key again. The second bearing reading delineated with a frame will appear in the left bottom corner of the display.

3. Each press of the “EBL ON” key now selects the EBL to measure bearing, by operating the EBL rotary encoder. The rectangle cursor circumscribes the active marker.

4. To erase an EBL, press the “EBL OFF” key. The inactive marker and its readout are erased. Press the key again to erase remaining EBL.

Selecting Bearing Reference

The bearing reference for each EBL can be selected to true (TRUE) or relative (REL) on the RADAR menu (NO.1/2 EBL).

Offset EBL

Predicting Other Target’s Course

Follow the procedure below to predict other target’s course:

1. Display the No 1 or No 2 EBL.

2. Operate the tracker ball to set the cursor on the target you want to predict its course.

3. Press the “EBL OFFSET” key. The EBL whose readout is circumscribed shifts to the cursor intersection.

4. Press the “EBL OFFSET” key again to anchor the EBL.

5. Wait several minutes. Operate the EBL rotary encoder to bisect the target with the EBL.

6. If the EBL passes through own ship’s position, the target may be on a collision course with own ship.

7. To cancel the offset EBL, press the “EBL OFFSET” key.

Measuring Range and Bearing between Two Targets

Follow the procedure below to measure the range and bearing – between two targets:

1. Display No 1 or No 2 EBL.

2. Press the “EBL OFFSET” key. The EBL origin shifts to the cursor intersection.

3. Operate the tracker ball to set the cursor on the target from which you want to measure range and bearing.

4. Press the “EBL OFFSET” key to anchor the EBL.

5. Operate the rotary knob control so it bisects the other target.



6. Operate the VRM rotary encoder to adjust the No 1 (or No 2) VRM to measure the range to the other target.

7. The bearing and range between the two targets appear at the bottom of the display.

Setting the Guard Alarm

Overview

The guard alarm sounds when a target violates the user-set guard zone. You may preset the alarm to sound on targets either entering or exiting the zone. The size of the guard zone may be set between 0 and maximum range for distance, and between 0 and 360 degrees in bearing.

Notes: The alarm is a useful anti-collision aid, but does not relieve the operator of the responsibility to also keep a visual look-out for possible collision situations. The alarm should not be relied upon as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations. The 1972 Convention on the International Regulations For Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972 COLREGS) provides statutory requirements for the operation of any vessel, including the posting of lookouts. The operator of the vessel is responsible for compliance with those requirements whether or not a radar is in use.

The alarm sounds to the targets having a certain level of echo strength. This level does not always imply a landmass, reef, ships or other surface target, but can mean returns from sea surface or precipitation. As the level is changeable with the environment, the operator should (proper) adjust the gain and A/C control. Note that excessively high position of A/C controls can fail in alerting small targets.

Alarm Types

In Alarm

This alarm sounds when radar targets enter the guard zone. The target which entered the zone blinks.

Out Alarm

This alarm sounds when radar targets exit the guard zone.

Selecting Alarm Type

You can select the alarm type to IN or OUT on “GUARD ALARM” in the “RADAR” menu.

Setting the Guard Zone

To set the guard zone:

1. Operate the trackball to set the cursor where you want the top left-hand edge (or bottom left-hand) of the guard zone. Press the “GUARD ALARM” key. “SET GUARD” appears at the bottom right-hand corner of the display.

2. Rotate the trackball in the clockwise direction to set the cursor where you want the bottom right-hand edge (or top right-hand) of the guard zone. Press the “GUARD ALARM” key. “GUARD ALM” replaces “SET GUARD”. The guard zone is now set.

Note: You may also set a ring-shaped 360 degree alarm zone. After pressing the “GUARD ALARM” key, to set the left-hand edge of the zone, move the cursor in the counterclockwise direction (rather than clockwise).



Cancelling the Guard Alarm

Press the “GUARD ALARM” to erase the guard zone and the indication “GUARD ALARM”.

Off Centering the Display

How to Off Center the Display

To off center the display in the forward direction:

1. Operate the tracker ball to set the cursor aftward of normal screen centre.

2. Press the “OFF CENTER” key. The own ship position shifts to the cursor location, and the view ahead of own ship is lengthened.

Cancelling the Off-center Display

Press the “OFF CENTER” key. Own ship’s position shifts to display centre.

Zoom

Turning On

To double the size of the area adjacent to a small island to the starboard side of own ship:

1. Operate the tracker ball to set the cursor on the location you want to double in size.

2. Press the “x2 ZOOM” key. The area between the cursor and own ship is doubled. “ZOOM” appears at the bottom left-hand corner of the display.

Cancelling

Press the “x2 ZOOM” key.

Note: The zoom function is inoperative when the off-center function is turned on.

Index Lines

Introduction

You can display index lines parallel with the No 2 EBL. (The No 2 EBL must be displayed beforehand.) They are useful for maintaining a constant distance between own ship and a coastline or partner ship. You control the index lines with the EBL rotary encoder. The distance between index lines can be adjusted by the No 2 VRM, or by manual input.

Displaying the Index Lines

To display the index lines:

1. Press the “INDEX LINES” key. The index lines appear on the display.

2. Operate the EBL rotary encoder to rotate the No 2 EBL and the index lines.



Setting Distance between Index Lines

To set the interval between index lines.

1. Press the “RADAR MENU” key.

2. Press the “6” key to select “INDEX LINES”.

3. Press the “6” key again to select method to enter distance:

– No 2 VRM: Adjust distance between index lines by the No 2 VRM. (No 2 VRM must be displayed);

– MAN: Manually input distance between index lines by numeral keys.

4. Press the <Enter> key.

Trailing Echoes

Introduction

You can display the trails of all echoes in afterglow to assess target movement. The trails can be shown in single or multiple gradation.

Trailing Gradation

Target trails may be shown in single or multiple gradations. The multiple gradation trail shows when trailing time has elapsed, by lighter gradation.

Procedure:

1. Press “RADAR MENU”, “7” and “7” to display the “FUNCTIONS” menu.

2. Press “6” to set “TRAIL GRAD” to “SGL” or “MULT”.

Starting Echo Trailing

Press the “ECHO TRAILS” key to start trailing echoes. Then:

• trailing time appears at the bottom right-hand corner of the display;

• the trail of targets starts extending;

• when the trailing time elapses, the timer freezes and the oldest trails are erased.

Selecting Trailing Time

The trailing time appears on the display for your confirmation. When the trailing time elapses, the oldest trails are erased. You can select trailing time by pressing the “ECHO TRAILS” key. Each press of the key within five seconds of previous press changes trailing time in the sequence of 30 s, 1 min, 3 min, 6 min, 15 min, 30 min and continuous.

Erasing Trails

Press and hold down the “ECHO TRAILS” key (more than three seconds) until all trails are erased. Trailing starts again.

Canceling Trailing

Press the “ECHO TRAILS” key.



Electronic Plotting

Introduction

You may manually acquire ten targets and show their data. For each target you acquire, this radar plots its latest five positions, displays navigation data, and shows speed and course by vector.

Navigation data are (from own ship):

• Range;

• Bearing;

• Course;

• Speed;

• CPA;

• TCPA.

The latest past four positions of acquired targets are shown on the display by dots. The dots are erased one by one to make room for latest past position.

Sequence in Plotting

To acquire a target:

1. Operate the tracker ball to set the cursor on the target you want to acquire.

2. Press a plot mark key.

3. Press the “ACQ” key. The plot mark, associated with the plot mark key pressed in step 2, appears at the cursor intersection.

4. More than 30 s after acquiring a target, its associated plot mark moves to new location, and the previous position is marked by a dot.

Note: More than 30 s must elapse before a next position can be plotted.

5. To acquire another target, repeat steps 1 to 3.

Vector Display

After a target’s position is plotted more than twice, this radar automatically calculates the target’s speed and course, displaying them by a vector at the latest position.

VECTOR TIME – the vector tip shows estimated position after the vector time elapses. You can select vector time (from 1 to 10 min) by pressing the “VECTOR TIME” key.

VECTOR BEARING REFERENCE – the bearing of vectors may be shown in true or relative bearing by pressing the “VECTOR TRUE/REL” key.

Erasing Acquired Targets

Individually by Tracker ball:

1. Operate the tracker ball to set the cursor on the plot mark you want to erase.

2. Press the “CANCEL/-” key.

All

Press and hold down the “CANCEL/-” key (more than five seconds) until all acquired targets disappear.



Acquired Target Data

Navigation data for acquired targets appear at the top right-hand corner of the display. To display data, press plot mark key associated with target:

• RNG – Range from own ship to latest plot mark position;

• BRG – Bearing from own ship to latest plot mark position, in relative (R) or true (T) bearing;

• CSE – Ship’s course, relative (R) or true (T);

• SPD – Ship’s true speed;

• CPA – Closest range the target will be from own ship;

• TCPA – Time to TCPA.

Origin Mark Key

Origin Mark

The origin mark (⊕) appears at the cursor position when the “ORIGIN MARK” key is pressed. It is fixed against land; namely, its position is absolute position.

Marking a Waypoint

If there is a danger point (such as a reef) along ship’s course, for example, you can use the origin mark to mark where you should change course to avoid the reef:

1. Using a nautical chart, measure the range, and bearing from the location where to change course to a landmass (for example, cape).

2. Display an EBL and a VRM and then press the “EBL OFFSET” key.

3. Operate the rotary encoders to match VRM mark range and EBL bearing with the range and bearing measured in step 1.

4. Operate the tracker ball to set the VRM mark on the cape.

5. Press the “ORIGIN MARK” key to inscribe the origin mark.

Measuring Range and Bearing between Two Targets

The range and bearing between two targets can be measured by using the origin mark as well as the offset EBL:

1. Press the “ORIGIN MARK” key.

2. Operate the trackball to set the cursor on other target.

Nucleus Radar Imitator


NUCLEUS RADAR IMITATOR

To start radar imitator, press the “Nucleus” button from the radar selection menu.

Note: Radar selection and radar parameters adjusting see the first section of this chapter.

Introduction The Nucleus Display facilities are all selected by three pushbuttons and a tracker ball, which controls the movement of a screen cursor.

Tracker ball, Cursor and Pushbuttons

The tracker ball is used to position the cursor near to, or on, the function to be activated and to change parameters once a function is activated.

The cursor is shown as a marker (+) inside the radar display area and an arrow (↑) outside the radar display area. When a function is activated, by pushbutton selection, the cursor is repositioned on the selected function.

Pushbuttons are used to activate/select a particular function. On-screen guidance, as to which button to press, is given in the Pushbutton Selection box located in the lower centre portion of the display.

When a function is activated (e.g., Range/Rings), the Pushbutton Selection box displays similar data to that in the pop-down (information) boxes which appear below the selected function box. Alternatively, a red box appears on the display containing the legend.

A facility, which has been previously activated, such as EBL, is reselected by positioning the cursor in close proximity to the required facility and pressing the centre pushbutton.



Power OFF and Screen Illumination

To exit from the imitator program to the radar selection menu, press “PWR OFF” pushbutton.

The adjustment of Day/Night brilliance, contrast, levels and Audio alarm levels are available upon selection of the “CRT” box displayed in the bottom right-hand of the screen. At any time, pressing all 3 pushbuttons simultaneously increases the CRT brilliance and contrast.

Day/Night Operation

The Background colour of the Display Screen and Radar Circle change to Black when Night operation is selected. All other colours are darkened.

Functions

Zone 1 – Radar System

• Standby, Run;

• Selection of the Radar System;

• Short, Medium, Long Pulse;

• Tuning of the selected Radar & Performance Monitor;

• Correlation & Interference Rejection;

• Enhancement of Radar Signals & Sector Scan.

Zone 2 – Screen Mode of Operation

• Range and Rings;

• Relative Motion;

• True Motion (Optional);

• Centre Mode Display (Optional);

• North-Up;



• Course-Up;

• Head-Up;

• Heading Line.

Note: An Offcentre Facility is also selectable.

Zone 3 – Ownship and Plotting Parameters

• Ownship Parameters;

• Plotting Parameters;

• Trail Parameters.

Zone 4 – VRM, EBL and Signal Controls

• Variable Range Marker;

• Electronic Bearing Line;

• Gain Setting;

• Sea Setting;

• Rain Setting.

Zone 5 – Data and Menus

• Target Data Information;

• Menus for CRT Facilities, MAPS, TRAIL and PLOT.

Zone 6 – Cursor Control and Mode

• Pushbutton Selection;

• Cursor Readout Mode.

ZONE 1 – Radar System

Standby/Run

Function

Run

TX A X

Run TX X TX S

The screen contains a set of instruction boxes as follows:

Go to Run Select TX X

Select TX S

The selected radar information is displayed on the screen, and all functions are available for selection.

Standby

To change the operational state of the system from Run to Standby, highlight the TX box and press the left pushbutton.

The screen contains a set of instruction boxes as follows:

TX A X

StndBy TX X TX S



The display reverts to the Standby condition, no radar is displayed.

Go to StndBy

Select TX X

Select TX S

Cursor Positioning and Initial Pushbutton Facilities after Selecting RUN

The cursor defaults to a particular position, and the initial Pushbutton Selection is different depending upon whether “GO TO RUN” is selected after switching the system ON or selecting “RUN”, for the second time, via the Standby screen.

If the cursor is outside the radar circle, after 30 seconds of tracker ball/pushbutton inactivity, the cursor defaults to the park position (set on installation), and the pushbutton selection boxes show:

Vector Mode

Reset Alarms

H/H OFF

After selecting “GO TO RUN” from the standby screen, the cursor is positioned in the centre of the radar circle and the pushbutton selection boxes show:

Enter Plot

Select

Short Pulse/Medium Pulse/Long Pulse (Master Only)

Function

The following pulse lengths are automatically activated, for the master radar only, when the following range scales are selected:

• Short Pulse (SP) – 0.25 to 1.5 n mile ranges;

• Medium Pulse (MP) – 3 to 24 n mile ranges;

• Long Pulse (LP) – 48 and 96 n mile ranges.

Note: An underride & override facility exists to manually change the pulse length from the standard setting set in the DefauIt menu (refer to the front of the section).

Selection

To select a pulse length setting:

1. Highlight the SP/MP/LP box; a pop-down box displays the options that may be selected for that specific range (i.e. for the 3 n mile range, the box displays SP/MP/LP, and the pushbutton selection box duplicates the pop-down box):

2. The pushbutton selection box for the 3 n mile range allows the standard selection of medium pulse to be changed to either short or long pulse, and displays:

3. Press the appropriate pushbutton.



Note: If SLAVE Radars are selected, the SP/MP/LP box reads SLAVE (no change of Pulse Length is possible).

If the Pulse Length is not normal for the range selected, the SP/LP/MP box is outlined in red, indicating that underride or override is in use.

If the Pulse Length is changed downwards, i.e. long to medium, the Trails are automatically cleared.

Video Correlation & Interference Rejection

Function

Signal correlation is used to reduce radar interference (CORR 1) and to reduce clutter (CORR 2). Three levels of correlation are available:

• CORR 0 – correlation is switched off, returns are displayed as raw radar;

• CORR 1 – the Interference Rejection facility only is switched ON. Consecutive transmissions are compared, and only signals present on both transmissions are painted. Interference from other radars is suppressed, and Receiver noise reduced;

• CORR 2 – signal correlation reduces random clutter returns and preserves radar signals that correlate (are present) for two successive scans of the antenna. Targets that do not paint consistently, are displayed at the medium echo colour if one scan is missed, at the weak echo colour if two paints are missed, and not at all if more than two scans are missed. The Interference Rejection is also switched ON. Receiver noise is further reduced.

Note: If CORR 2 is selected on short pulse and/or a low range scale, the CORR 2 box outline flashes. This is to warn the user that small targets with a fast relative speed may not correlate and therefore may be suppressed to a lower level paint.

Selection

To select Video Correlation and/or Interference Rejection, carry out the following:

1. Highlight the CORR box; 0, 1, 2 pop-down boxes are displayed beneath.

2. Press the appropriate pushbutton for the correlation and/or the interference rejection required.

a. CORR 0=Scan to Scan Correlation and Interference Rejection OFF.

b. CORR 1=Interference Rejection ON only.

c. CORR 2=Scan to Scan Correlation and Interference Rejection ON.

Note: Fast ships generate high relative target speeds that reduces target correlation. A faster scanner should be fitted to improve the target update rate.

A target that stays in the same position, or overlaps on two, consecutive scans correlates (Target A). A target with high relative speed on a low range scale that does not overlap on two consecutive scans, paints at a lower intensity level (Target B). A longer pulse length improves correlation, but close targets moving at a high tangential speed may still not correlate.

Tuning

Function

Allows manual tuning of the Radar Receiver (MASTER Radars Only). The Tune function is not available and is not shown on Slave displays and has only limited effect on systems with Automatic Frequency Control.



Selection

To manually tune the RADAR, carry out the following:

1. Highlight the tune box.

2. To tune the RADAR, hold down any pushbutton, a red control bar appears beneath the green tune bar showing the position of the control:

3. Move the tracker ball in the East/West axis to optimise the tuning, the red control bar moves from side to side as the tuning is changed. The green tune bar shows maximum when the radar is on tune. Release the pushbutton.

Note: To ensure that the AFC function in the Receiver operates correctly, the red tune control bar indication is to be set to mid position. If the AFC has failed to operate on manual tuning, selection is achieved by adjusting the tracker ball east/west movement for optimum tune bar indication.

Boost

Function

Boost enhances radar signals by stretching the size of strong video signal returns (in range). The facility may only be selected on the 6 n mile or greater range scales. To reduce clutter enhancement, targets within 1.5 n mile of ownship are not boosted.

Selection

To select the Boost function, carry out the following:

1. Highlight the “VIDEO NORM (BOOST)” box; the pop-down box reads “BOOST”.

2. Select by pressing any pushbutton.

Note: In excessive sea clutter or precipitation, Boost may reduce target visibility. A combination of longer pulse length, adjusting SEA/RAIN and CORR 2 produces better target visibility.

ZONE 2 – Screen Mode of Operation

Range & Rings

Function

• Range.

The displayed range may be changed from 0.25 to 96 n mile in fixed range steps: 0.25 n mile, 0.5 n mile, 0.75 n mile, and then doubling up to 96 n mile.

• Rings.

Range rings may be displayed for each range selected, scaled according to the range in use. Three rings are displayed on the 0.75 n mile range, five on the 0.25 n mile and 0.5 n mile ranges, and six on the 1.5 to 96 n mile ranges.

Range Selection

To change the displayed range, listed below, carry out the following:

1. Highlight the “RANGE/RINGS” box; pop-down boxes are displayed beneath the “RANGE/RINGS” box.

2. Press the pushbuttons, left for down and right for up, until the required range is displayed in the “RANG/RINGS” box.



Note: The range is incremented in steps: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 (normal default value), 12.0, 24, 48, and 96 n mile.

Range Scale Range Ring Separation

No of Rings

0.25 0.05 5

0.5 0.1 5

0.75 0.25 3

1.5 0.25 6

3.0 0.5 6

6.0 1.0 6

12.0 2.0 6

24.0 4.0 6

48.0 8.0 6

96.0 16.0 6

Rings Selection

To turn Rings ON/OFF (number displayed is dependent on range selected), carry out the following:

Select “RANGE/RINGS” as above and then press the centre pushbutton (the pushbutton acts as a switch, i.e. ON or OFF).

PPI Modes & Presentation

Function

The following PPI Mode selections are available for display types:

Modes

• Relative Motion;

• True Motion.

Presentation

• Head-Up;

• North-Up;

• Course-Up.

Note: In all modes and presentations, the Heading Line (HL) indicates the heading of ownship.

Relative Motion

The display is in a Relative Motion mode with the PPI positioned in the centre of the radar screen area, or to any offset position. All targets move relative to ownships course and speed. Targets have relative past trails, but ownship has no trail.

If ownship changes course or yaws, target direction changes by the same angle. Any target on a collision course is on a constant bearing with a decreasing range. Targets appearing stationary are on a parallel course in the same direction and travelling at the same speed as ownship.



True Motion

The display is in a True Motion mode with ownship positioned offcentre and moves in a direction of the Heading Line (HL) at a true speed, nominally through the centre of the display. All targets move on screen with true courses, speed and target trails.

Ownship course changes do not affect target directions, but the HL reflects the change in course. Any targets on a collision course are on a constant bearing with a decreasing range. As in Relative Motion, ownship may be moved by tracker ball when Offset by using the tracker ball, selecting ownship, moving the cursor and pressing button “OFFSET”.

Head-Up

This display always presents a Relative Motion PPI picture aligned so that the Ship’s Head, as indicated by the HL, is 0 degrees on the bearing scale. When ownship changes course, the PPI rotates by an equal, and opposite amount, to that of the Ship’s Head.

While on a steady course, stationary targets move towards the lower part of the screen at an equivalent rate to ownships speed. Targets that have the same course and speed as HL ownship appear stationary. All other targets move with a speed and direction determined by a resultant of own and ownships movement.

Note: Head-Up is not available in True Motion.

North-Up

North-Up is a compass stabilized presentation that may be selected in Relative Motion, True Motion modes. The PPI picture is aligned so that north is always at the top of the screen (000 degrees bearing scale). The HL indicates ownships’ heading.

In Relative Motion, a ownship is at a fixed position on the screen, centred or offcentred, and target movements are relative to ownship’s course and speed. Targets on a parallel course and at the same speed appear as stationary, while fixed targets produce trails, which represent the reciprocal of own ships ground track.

Course-Up

Course-Up is a compass stabilized presentation, available in all modes, with the ship’s heading aligned to 000 degrees on the bearing scale at the time that the mode is selected. Subsequent alterations in course result in the HL deviating from 000 degrees, but the picture does not rotate. The ship’s HL is course stabilized such that if ownship yaws, targets maintain direction. The ship’s HL may be updated at any time by further selecting Course-Up, whereby the picture realigns on the new heading.

Relative Motion/True Motion/Centred Display Mode Selection

To select Relative Motion, True Motion carry out the following:

1. Highlight the “RM”/“TM” box; “RM”/“TM” pop-down boxes are displayed beneath.


North-Up/Course-Up/Head-Up Selection

To select North-Up, Course-Up or Head-Up, carry out the following:

1. Highlight the “NUP”/“CUP”/“HUP” box; N UP/C UP/H UP pop-down boxes are displayed beneath.




Offcentre

Function

The Offcentre facility enables the operator to offset the Radar picture in any direction up to 70% (except on the 96 n mile range). The offcentre may be used in any PPI mode: Relative or True Motion, or Centred Display.

Selection

To select the offcentre facility, first ensure that no other function is selected, then carry out the following:

1. Position the cursor at the Radar origin.

2. Press the centre pushbutton, a highlighted box appears just above the pushbutton selection box, indicating:

CENTRE SELECTED

3. The pushbutton selection box displays the following:

RESET CANCEL OFFSET

4. To CANCEL the function, press the centre pushbutton.

5. To Offset the Radar origin position the cursor, using the tracker ball, at the required location and press the right-hand pushbutton.

6. Pressing the left-hand pushbutton “RESET” moves the Radar origin to the centre of the screen in Relative Motion or Centred Display modes, and to the maximum “Look Ahead” position in True Motion mode.

ZONE 3 – Ownship and Plotting Parameters

Gyro

Function

The Gyro heading is normally manually set to the reading taken from the ship’s Gyro Repeater.

Selection

To change the Gyro Compass reading:

1. Highlight the “GYRO” box.

2. Press and hold down simultaneously the left and right pushbuttons, adjust the reading by moving the tracker ball in the North/South axis. At the correct setting, release the two pushbuttons.

Speed

Function

The normal displayed speed is ship’s speed taken from one of two sources; ownship’s LOG or manually (MAN) input speeds. A single axis log or manual speed input will give speed relative to sea. A doppler log (X-Y axis) will give speed over the sea bed.



Selection

To change the Speed (Manual):

1. Highlight the “SPD” box; the pop-down box reads “LOG”, “MAN”, “DOP” (if Doppler connected), Blank (if Doppler not connected).

Note: If speed is ownship LOG, press centre pushbutton to select Manual.

2. Press and hold down the centre pushbutton, adjust the speed by moving the tracker ball in the North/South axis.

To change the Speed input (Doppler):

1. Press the right-hand pushbutton to select Doppler.

2. If speed input is always Doppler Log, save this setting in the “DEFAULT SETTINGS”.

Note: “SPD” box has annotation W or G to indicate Water or Ground speed.

Stabilization

Function

Sea Stabilization

Sea stabilization gives the correct heading and speed through the water. No set and drift information is used (no drift or set/rate). It provides an excellent display for Coastal Navigation, Pilotage and Anti Collision. The true trails of targets give an indication of their apparent true motion.

A single axis log (or manual speed input) and gyro provide sensor data for the stabilisation.

Ground Stabilization

The correct heading and log speed of ownship are fed in, together with an input from tide, rate, and direction.

A known stationary target (i.e. land fixed target) appears to move in an opposite direction to that of the set current. The tide set (drift direction) can be adjusted to ground stabilize the targets.

Note: A known stationary target should not show any movement providing there is no error in the ground stabilization.

The tide or drift set and rate provide an additional vector which, when added to ship’s movement in water, generates a vector representing Course Made Good (CMG) and Speed Made Good (SMG).

The display can be ground stabilized by interfacing to a position fixing equipment or by a dual axis Doppler Log, or by manual drift input, or on ARPA displays, using a fixed target.

The ground stabilized True Motion display can be very useful for pilotage, when it is important to know ownship’s and other ships’ courses made good over ground in relation to land buoys and beacons.

Note: “COURSE MADE GOOD” and “SPEED MADE GOOD” boxes are for information only.

If the external position fixing system no longer sends information, then display automatically reverts to SEA Stabilization.



Selection

The Stabilization Input may be selected as follows:

1. Position the cursor, using the tracker ball, inside the “STAB” box: the box is now highlighted and the pop-down box reads “SEA”, “MAN”, “EXTRN”2.

2. Select the required input by pressing the appropriate pushbutton.

Note: If Sea is selected, then “CMG” and “SMG” boxes have (in the information boxes), as NO drift is set.

If Doppler Log and Sea Stabilization are selected, CMG, SMG, Set and Drift numbers are shown in the information boxes.

Trail, Vector, CPA Limit, TCPA Limit

Function

Trails

The previous track of targets (either True or Relative) are displayed as trails. The length of the trails may be changed (i.e., three minutes is the normal default value), or may be switched OFF.

Vector

The vector indicates the predicted direction and speed of the tracked targets (either True or Relative). The vector is shown as a solid line, proportional to the speed of the target (i.e., with a 15 minute vector selected, a target speed of 12 kt produces a vector line length of three miles). The vector may be also be shown in reverse mode, i.e., True vector in Relative Motion or Relative vector in True Motion.

Closest Point of Approach Limit

This function warns the operator that a target is approaching within the designated area and that evasive action is to be taken. The CPA limit is selected and then adjusted to suit the maneuverability of the Ship and the prevailing conditions.

Note: The alarm only activates if both the CPA and TCPA limits are equaled or broken.

Time to Closest Point of Approach Limit

This function provides a warning to the operator that a target may, within a certain time, cause possible danger if avoiding action is not taken. The TCPA may be selected and then adjusted as for the CPA.

Note: The alarm only activates if both the CPA and TCPA limits are equaled or broken.

Selection

The following parameters are adjusted in a similar manner by selecting the appropriate box and then holding down the left-hand pushbutton and moving the tracker ball North/South until the new parameter is reached.

Vectors (VECT min (R or T)) 1 min to 30 min, in steps of 1 minute

Trails (TRAILS min (R or T)) 0.75, 1.5, 3 to 99 min in 3 min steps

Closest Point of Approach (CPA LIM nautical mile) 0.1 n mile to 6 n mile, in 0.1 n mile steps

Time for Closest Point of Approach (TCPA LIM min) 1 min to 60 min, in 1 min steps

2 – reads Extrn, GPS, LORAN dependent on NAV System source.



With VECTOR selected, pressing the centre pushbutton changes the mode, i.e. R to T or T to R. The right pushbutton returns the vector time to its previous setting. If the centre pushbutton is held down for more than 2 seconds, the R or T mode is permanently selected, and the “VECTOR” box is outlined in red. The warning box immediately appears on release of the pushbutton to inform the operator that the vector mode is reversed, i.e. True vector is displayed in Relative Motion, and vice versa. To revert to normal vectors, press the centre pushbutton (note that the red outline is removed).

Note: If the Motion mode is changed, the Vector mode automatically revert to normal operation.

With TRAILS selected, pressing the centre pushbutton switches the trails ON/OFF. The right pushbutton clears all trails.

With either CPA or TCPA selected, the centre pushbutton sets the minimum limit and the right pushbutton the maximum limit.

Notes:

1. If no change is made within 30 seconds, the system is deactivated and the cursor is placed in the default position.

2. “LAT” and “LONG” boxes are for information only.

Cursor Readout about Mode

Function

To select the information mode when the cursor is inside the Radar circle.

Selection

To change the type of cursor information:

1. Highlight the “CURSOR READOUT MODE” box; the pop-down boxes read R/B, TCPA.

2. The Pushbutton Selection box displays:

Range/ Bearing

Time To CPA

3. Select the required information.

Note: TCPA is the time taken for the ship to reach the closest point of approach, assuming that the ship’s speed is maintained and that it maintains its present course.

8.70 n mile 212.9° (TM)

The “CURSOR READOUT MODE” box displays the following if no Navigation System is present:

8.70 n mile 212.9° (TM)054°37.65 N 010°14.67 W



Measure

To measure the distance and bearing between two points inside the radar circle (the first point must NOT be a selected function):

1. Position the cursor at the first point.

2. Press and hold down the centre pushbutton and move the cursor to the second point. The “CURSOR READOUT” box displays the distance and bearing relative to the first point.

3. The “CURSOR READOUT” box returns to normal when the centre pushbutton is released.

ZONE 4 – VRM, EBL, and Signal Controls

Variable Range Marker

Function

The Variable Range Markers (VRM 1 and VRM 2) are used to measure the ranges of targets from ownship. When selected, the VRM’s are displayed as circles – green for VRM 1 and red for VRM 2, the diameters of which are altered by use of the tracker ball. The range of the last selected VRM is displayed in a box, outlined in green for VRM 1 or red for VRM 2, located in the lower left-hand corner of the screen.

Selection

To initially select a Variable Range Marker (VRM) facility, carry out the following:

1. Highlight the “VRM” box.

2. Press any pushbutton.

3. The VRM function (VRM 1 or VRM 2) is now selected, and the tracker ball is repositioned as a box on the VRM at centre range of the selected range.

4. To set the VRM, initially set the 50% of the range in use, to the desired range use the tracker ball in the required axis. The range read-out is displayed within the “VRM” box and is in nautical miles for all ranges.

5. To deselect the VRM facility, once the required setting is achieved, press the centre pushbutton.

6. If both VRM 1 and VRM 2 are switched ON, pressing the centre pushbutton displays the range of the other VRM, i.e. if outline of “VRM” box is green (VRM 1), the range for VRM 2 is displayed:

VRM 1 ON/OFF

Display VRM

VRM 2 ON/OFF

7. To switch OFF the VRM facility, position the cursor inside the “VRM” box (the “VRM” box is highlighted) and press any pushbutton.

Note: To reselect the VRM facility, once activated, position the cursor near to the VRM and press the centre pushbutton.



Electronic Bearing Line

Function

The Electronic Bearing Lines (EBL 1 or EBL 2) are used to measure the bearings of targets from ownship, either in True or Relative mode. When selected, the EBL’s are displayed as lines, green for EBL 1 and red for EBL 2, originating from the ownship to the outer edge of the Radar display. The lines are rotated by use of the tracker ball, and the bearing is displayed in “EBL” box, outlined in green for EBL 1 and red for EBL 2 (refer to NAV Menu below in the paragraph ZONE 5 – Data and Menus for details regarding the Curved EBL).

Mobile EBL (offset EBL)

The EBL’s may be offset and used to measure the bearings of targets from a point on the screen other than ownship.

Dual Movement of the VRM/EBL

The VRM and EBL may be selected to move simultaneously to enable the combined measurement of range and bearing of an echo from ownship. If the EBL is offset, the facility is used to measure the distance and bearing of one target with respect to another.

EBL Selection

The Electronic Bearing Line (EBL) facility, only requires to be selected once. To select an EBL carry out the following:

Highlight the “EBL” box, press any pushbutton.

The pushbutton selection box displays the following:

Enter Plot

Deselect

Mobile EBL

1. The EBL function is now selected.

2. To align an EBL on the required bearing, initially set on the heading line, use the tracker ball. The bearing of the last selected EBL is displayed within the “EBL” box.

Note: A plot may still be entered (with EBL centred) by pressing the left-hand pushbutton, positioning the cursor over the plot and pressing the left-hand pushbutton again.

3. If both EBL 1 and EBL 2 are switched ON, pressing the centre pushbutton displays the bearing of the other EBL, i.e. if outline of “EBL” box is green (EBL 1), the bearing for EBL 2 is displayed.

4. To deselect the EBL facility, once the required bearing is achieved, press the centre pushbutton.

5. To switch OFF the EBL facility, position the cursor inside the “EBL” box (the “EBL” box is highlighted) and then press any pushbutton.

Note: For reselect the EBL facility, once activated, position the cursor near to the EBL and press the centre pushbutton.



Mobile EBL Selection

To use the Mobile EBL, place the tracker ball near to the EBL, press the centre pushbutton and then press the right-hand pushbutton selecting Mobile EBL; the following may then be carried out:

1. The origin of the EBL is automatically positioned on the cursor symbol within the display, and the tracker ball may then be used to offset the EBL.

2. Pressing the right-hand pushbutton fixes the EBL in the tracker ball position (the EBL legend changes to EBLO) and allows free movement of the cursor, with the EBL still selected.

3. Pressing the right-hand pushbutton again reselects Mobile EBL.

4. To return to normal EBL, press the left-hand pushbutton which puts the EBL origin at the centre of the display and deselects the EBL.

5. To deselect the Mobile EBL, press the centre pushbutton.

Dual Movement of the VRM/EBL (Centred on Ownship)

The dual movement of the VRM and EBL is possible as follows:

1. Position the cursor over the intersection of the VRM/EBL (strobe marker, only displayed when both VRM/EBL activated) and press the centre pushbutton.

2. The VRM/EBL may now be moved by using the tracker ball.

3. To deselect the dual movement, once the required range and bearing is achieved, press the centre pushbutton.

Dual Movement of the VRM/EBL (OFFSET)

This facility is used to measure the distance between two targets/points.

If the EBL is offset, a strobe marks the relative position of the VRM, the following facility is then available:

• position the cursor over the strobe marker;

• use the tracker ball to move the EBL; note that the VRM moves in relation to the strobe marker;

• to deselect the facility, press the centre pushbutton.

Gain, Sea, Rain

Function

When Gain, Sea or Rain adjustments are made, care is to be taken as maladjustment of the settings may result in the loss of weak or close range targets.

Gain

The Gain adjustment sets the signal threshold of Radar signals displayed on the screen. The GAIN is to be advanced until an even “speckled” background is just visible on the screen, with the “Correlator” switched OFF (CORR 0).

If the setting is too high, a poor quality picture masked by excessive noise results; if set too low, it results in a loss of weak targets and a reduction in the detection range.

In conditions of high precipitation (rain, hail or snow) a reduction of the GAIN level reduces clutter and produces a clearer picture.

The GAIN level may be set from 0 (low) to 9 (high), with a typical operational level of between 6 and 8.



Do not set too high a level as excess noise on the screen degrades the picture quality.

Sea (STC)

The SEA (STC) is a manual adjustment that reduces sea clutter returns. Maximum attenuation takes place at zero range, decreasing until no reduction of signals or clutter occurs at a maximum range of about 6 miles.

Advancing the SEA setting progressively reduces the near range clutter. The SEA level may be set from 0 (min) to 9 (max) with a typical operational level of 3 to 5 (medium pulse). Less SEA is to be applied on short pulse, more on long pulse. Always set the SEA (STC) level with correlation OFF or on CORR 1 (CORR 2 causes a delay before the adjustment becomes visible).

The correct setting for SEA under any given weather condition is only obtained by experience. If a setting is too high, it may result in the loss of close range targets. NEVER set the SEA control to clear ALL clutter, but leave a light speckle of sea returns to indicate optimum sensitivity within the clutter field. Reduction of the remaining clutter may be reduced by using the correlator in the CORR 2 mode (scan to scan correlation).

When not in use, the SEA clutter control is always to be set to 0.

Note: Pulse length affects the setting, i.e., a shorter pulse length requires a lower setting.

Set to provide a compromise between reducing sea clutter and retaining targets.

Sea (Auto)

The AUTO facility provides the automatic suppression of clutter. Radar signals are smoothed to generate a dynamic threshold to ride over the clutter returns, yet preserve valid target signals. The AUTO level may be finely adjusted with the GAIN level.

The AUTO mode operates efficiently in open sea and in estuaries, though some land detail may be suppressed (leading edges are preserved). RACON responses may be reduced, but at least part of the response is normally visible.

The AUTO facility may be used with CORR 2 to further reduce clutter.

Rain (FTC)

The RAIN adjustment reduces clutter from rain, snow, and hail. The function uses the received radar signals to produce a threshold reference level. The RAIN control moves the threshold reference level so as to apply more or less attenuation to the radar signal.

The RAIN facility also provides attenuation of sea clutter, though RACON responses are likely to be suppressed. The RAIN level may be set from 0 (min to 9 max) with typical operating level of 3 to 5.

ATTENTION!

ATTENTION!



When not in use, the RAIN control is always to be set to 0.

The RAIN setting is to be adjusted to preserve small targets. It is often beneficial to reduce the GAIN setting slightly to optimise target detection in high precipitation.

The use of S-Band radar is advantageous in very high precipitation conditions.

Note: The RAIN facility also improves short range resolution.

Selection

To set or change the Gain, Rain or Sea settings, carry out the following:

1. Highlight either of the G/R/S boxes:

2. Press and hold down the appropriate pushbutton, left for GAIN, centre for RAIN or right for SEA.

3. Move the tracker ball, in the North/South axis, until the required setting is achieved, and then release the pushbutton. Rapid movement of the tracker ball, when reducing the Gain or increasing the Sea/Rain settings, clears the Trails.

Note: The selected box (G/R/S) changes from dark blue to light blue for identification.

4. To deselect the G/R/S facility, move the cursor away from the G/R/S box.

Auto Sea Clutter

To set the SEA function to Auto (A):

1. Select the SEA facility as above and then rapidly rotate the tracker ball in the South axis until “A” appears in the box. Note that target trails are cleared as AUTO is selected; this is to remove clutter build up in the trails.

2. To deselect Auto, rapidly rotate the tracker ball in the North axis.

Heading Line

Function

This function allows temporary removal of the Heading Line (HL) and all graphics from the Radar display. The operator is then presented with a clear picture to enable targets to be more visible, particularly those on the HL or other screen graphics.

Selection

To suppress the Heading Line, carry out the following:

1. Highlight the “HL” box.

2. Press and hold down any pushbutton to remove all graphics from the display, i.e. Heading Line, maps, rings, etc.

Note: All radar signals remain displayed.

3. Release the pushbutton to return the display to normal.

ATTENTION!



Target Plotting Controls

To plot a single target and obtain target data, proceed as follows:

1. Position the cursor over the target, press the “ENTER PLOT” pushbutton (left-hand), a plot symbol [•] appears over the target position.

Target data, other than Range and Bearing, are not available until the initial plot has been updated.

Note: Vectors are relative if in the Relative Motion mode and true if in the True Motion mode.

2. To display target data, position the cursor on or near to the vector origin and press the “SELECT” pushbutton. Target data is displayed in the “TARGET” box on the right-hand side of the screen.

3. The vector presentation mode may be reversed by pressing the “VECTOR MODE” pushbutton, to display true vectors, when the equipment is in the Relative Motion or Centred Display mode, and relative vectors when the equipment is in the True Motion mode.

Note: Any change between Relative or True Motion and Head-Up or North-Up does not result in any loss of plots. Vectors and History correspond to the motion selected.

Plotting Additional Targets

Up to 20 targets may be plotted on the display at the same time. When selected and plotted, targets are numerically labelled (on demand only) for ease of recognition. To plot additional targets first ensure that no other target, map line, or symbol are selected, then proceed as follows:

1. Position the cursor over the initial target and press the “ENTER PLOT” pushbutton, a plot symbol [•] appears over the target position.

2. Position the cursor over the 2nd target, press the “ENTER PLOT”; a plot symbol [•] appears over the 2nd target position. Move the cursor to the next target.

Deleting Plots

The vector and past positions of any one target may be deleted by positioning the cursor on the vector origin, pressing the “DELETE” pushbutton.

Vector Time

The default or initial value of vectors is 15 minutes (divided into three minute intervals). The length of the vector is proportional to the speed of the target, e.g. target speed of 12 knots=vector length of three nautical miles.

The vector time may be changed between 1 and 30 minutes by selecting the VECTOR function and then operating the tracker ball in the vertical plane to increase or decrease the time shown next to VECTOR in the pop-down box. Press the centre pushbutton to confirm the change.



ZONE 5 – Data and Menus

Target Data

Function

Data concerning a selected target may be displayed in the “TARGET” box. The data for plotted targets using E-PLOT 3 is as follows:

• Target Number (automatically allocated);

• Bearing (True or Relative);

• Range;

• Course & Speed (True);

• Closest Point of Approach (CPA) & Time to Closest Point of Approach (TCPA) or Bow Crossing Range (BCR) & Bow Crossing Time (BCT).

E-PLOT 3 tracking is available out to the maximum range of 96 n mile.

Selection

To display data in the “TARGET” box, position the cursor over the selected target to be tracked and press the centre pushbutton (Select).

The elapsed time is calculated between successive target returns and a vector generated on the display to represent the projected course and speed of the target.

Target information appears in the “TARGET” box as follows:

TARGET 1 Target Number

BEARING 200.6 (T) Bearing ((T) or (R))

RANGE 0.7 n mile Range in nautical miles

COURSE 258.5 (T) Course in degrees

SPEED 0.1 kts Speed in knots

CPA or BCR 0.3 n mile Closest Point of Approach (nautical miles) or Bow Crossing Range

TCPA or BCT -5.1 min Time of Closest Point of Approach (minutes) or Bow Crossing Time

To cancel a target, position the cursor close to the selected target and press the centre pushbutton, then press the right-hand pushbutton.

CRT Menu To select the CRT Facility menu, proceed as follows:

1. Highlight the “CRT” box. Press any pushbutton.

2. The menu boxes are replaced with function selection boxes. CRT Facilities menu shown bellow.

BRILL

DAY/NGT LEVEL AUDIO

Contrast and Brilliance Adjustment

To adjust either the contrast or brilliance:

1. Position the cursor in the appropriate box; the box is now highlighted.

2. Press and hold down any pushbutton while moving the tracker ball in the East/West axis.



Levels

To alter the levels:

1. Highlight the “LEVEL” box.

2. Press any pushbutton; the CRT Facilities menu is replaced with function selection boxes as shown:

DA T A

GRAPH

P L OT S

RADAR

TRAIL

END

3. Highlight the appropriate box.

4. Press and hold down any pushbutton and then move the tracker ball in the North/South axis to set the level as required.

5. To exit the Levels menu and return to the CRT Facilities menu, highlight the “END” box and press any pushbutton.

6. To exit the “CRT” menu, move the cursor inside the radar circle.

Day/Night Selection

To select day or night illumination:

1. Highlight the “DAY/NGT” box.

2. Press any pushbutton to select either DAY/NIGHT.

Audio

To select the Audio facility (for Alarms):

1. Highlight the “AUDIO” box.

2. Press any pushbutton to change the Audio ON/OFF.

Menu Deselection

To deselect the “CRT” menu, position the cursor in the radar circle.

Plot Menu

Provides a selection of functions:

• History “ON/OFF”, i.e. when “ON” shows previous four plot positions;

• Guard ring functions, i.e. switching “ON/OFF” and setting Variable ring range and bearing;

• Zones intended for acquiring automatically marks of previously unacquired targets or cancelling automatic acquisition of marks of previously unacquired targets;

• Deleting all plots;

• Selecting Bow Crossing Range (BCR) or Closest Point of Approach (CPA);

• Labels allowing up to twenty targets to be labelled numerically;

• Box “END” to exit the “PLOT” menu.



To select the “PLOT” menu, highlight the “PLOT” box and press any pushbutton. The Plot menu boxes appear in the lower right-hand corner of the screen as shown bellow:

Hist ON/OFF Menu

To change the “ON/OFF” state of the History facility, highlight the “Hist OFF/ Hist 2 min (R)” box and press any pushbutton.

REF TGT Menu

To operate the Reference Target function, select a target on the Radar screen, highlight the “REF TGT” box, the Pushbutton Selection box displays: “FIX”, “UNFIX”. Press the appropriate pushbutton to fix (unfix) the selected target. An “F” appears on the selected target, and the Drift Input changes to “Fixed Target”.

AIS Menu

To turn on/off the display of AIS information, select the “AIS” window and press the necessary button: “AIS ON” or “AIS OFF”. To exit from the menu, press the “END” button.

Note: By default, the display of AIS information is always ON.

DEL ALL Menu

To delete all plots, highlight the “DEL ALL” box. Press any pushbutton to delete all plots. Warning box is displayed: “PRESS ANY KEY TO CONFIRM”.

BCR/CPA Menu

To change Target Data information as follows:

1. Highlight the “BCR/CPA” box.

2. Press any pushbutton to change the state of selection.

CPA/TCPA is replaced with BCR/BCT readings in the ranges of -99.9 to +99.9 n mile and -99.9 to +99.9 min.

LABELS Menu

The “LABELs” menu is not implemented.

Plot Menu Exit

To leave the “PLOT” menu, highlight the “END” box and press any pushbutton.

Guard Menu

Two Guard Zone are available, one a Fixed and the other a Variable. The guard zones operate by directly “Searching” the screen for targets inside the zones. When in use, the following points are to be remembered:

• radar Controls GAIN/SEA/RAIN, Correlation, Pulse Lengths and Video Enhance affect the amount of video on the screen and may be used to enhance the “Searching” of the zones;

• if the range in use is less than the guard zones range, then the zones do not operate until the range is increased.



Fixed Guard Zone

The Fixed guard zone is preset between 4.0 n mile and 4.5 n mile.

To activate the Fixed and Variable guard zones, select the function in the “PLOT” menu.

Note: Subsequent operation of the pushbutton turns the Fixed guard zone off, and the guard zone disappears from the screen.

Targets are acquired and tracked with a symbol when the Guard Zone is activated, further tracking is to be carried out manually by means of “SELECT” and “ENTER PLOT” for each acquired symbol.

Variable Guard Zone

Activation of the Variable guard zone is automatic when the Fixed guard zone is turned on. The Variable guard zone appears on the screen at the default initialisation range of 6 n mile to 6.5 n mile, scaled to the range in use.

The Variable guard zone may be positioned to any range from 5 n mile out to 96 n mile.

To change the Variable guard range, move the tracker ball to anywhere on the ring (not at the ends) and press the “SELECT” pushbutton. Movement of the tracker ball then changes the range. Pressing “SELECT” again fixes the new range.

Ring Limits

The port and starboard bearing limits of both the Fixed and Variable guard zones default to 45 deg. relative to ownships heading line.

To change the bearing limits, carry out the following:

1. Select the “PLOT” menu and “GUARD” function.

2. Move the tracker ball to the either end of the Variable guard zone (i.e., port or starboard) and press the “SELECT” pushbutton.

3. Move the tracker ball to increase or decrease the angle. Minimum port limit 5 deg from ship’s head. Maximum starboard limit 180 deg from ship’s head.

4. Press “SELECT” pushbutton to enter the new value.

5. To de-activate the Variable guard zone, press “SELECT”, position the tracker ball anywhere on the ring and then press the right-hand pushbutton.

Zones Menu

The entered zones are sectors intended for:

• acquiring automatically marks of previously unacquired targets included in the sector if it has “INCLUSIVE” status;

• cancelling automatic acquisition of marks of previously unacquired targets included in the sector if it has “EXCLUSIVE” status and overlaps the zone fragment with “INCLUSIVE” status.

Note: Previously acquired targets do no respond to the entry in these sectors.

Sectors do not have range limitations. The maximum number of sectors is 14.



To select the necessary sector, use the cursor; in this case, the selected sector is highlighted. For easier selection of the necessary sector from the list containing more than 4 sectors, use arrow buttons to the right of the list.

To load the necessary sector, select it from the list of sectors with the mouse cursor and press “LOAD Zone” pushbutton.

To delete a sector from memory, select it from the list of sectors with the mouse cursor and press “DEL Zone” pushbutton.

Note: LOAD Zone and DEL Zone operations are performed without additional confirmation.

To create a zone, perform the following procedure:

1. Select the zone type (“SHIP/NORTH” menu):

– “SHIP” – the zone has boundaries saved as relative bearings;

– “NORTH” – the zone has boundaries saved as true bearings.

2. Select the zone status (“INCLUSIVE/EXCLUSIVE” menu):

– “INCLUSIVE” – automatic acquisition and tracking of a target (sector boundaries are shown in the cyan colour);

– “EXCLUSIVE” – cancelling automatic target acquisition and tracking (sector boundaries are shown in the red colour).

3. Use “CREATE” command.

To edit a zone, perform the following procedure:

1. Position the cursor on the left or right boundary of the sector to be edited, and press “SELECT” pushbutton. As this is done, the sector to be edited will be highlighted on the screen with dashed line.

2. Use the cursor to set the desired sector direction on the screen and press “Deselect” pushbutton.

3. Use a similar procedure to set the desired sector direction from the other side.

To turn on the zone, press “ZONE ON” pushbutton.

To turn off the zone, press “ZONE OFF” pushbutton: the zone disappears from the screen, and does not perform its functions any more.

Where necessary to turn off all the zones simultaneously, use “CLR” command.

“END” command is used for exiting from this menu to “PLOT” menu.



Trial Menu

The “TRIAL” menu provides a graphic display of the consequences of an intended change of course or speed of ownship to be assessed in advance, or avoiding action be planned, when a potential collision exists.

Before selecting the trial manoeuvre function, target vectors should be set to relative so that the results of an intended course/speed change may be assessed more accurately.

To select the Trial Manoeuvre menu, carry out the following:

1. Highlight the “TRIAL” box and press any pushbutton.

2. The “CPA/TCPA” boxes are replaced as shown below.

TRIAL MANOEUVRE

COURSE deg

SPEED kts

DELAY min

For

Information

Only

• the cursor is automatically placed in the “TRIAL MAN” box, and the pop-up boxes and the Pushbutton Selection box [3] contain the following:

Adjust Course

Adjust Speed

Adjust Delay

ARPA Only

• after selecting “GO TO RUN” from the standby screen, the cursor is positioned;

• if the course/speed/delay requires adjustment, the implications of the changes can be viewed quickly on the display as other target vectors show their new directions relative to the ownship.

Note: The delay (ARPA) provides a means of delaying the result of the Trial/Manoeuvre for the stipulated period.

ATTENTION!



• to adjust the course, speed, or delay, press the appropriate pushbutton and move the tracker ball until the required figure is obtained;

• to exit the Trial Manoeuvre facility, highlight the “TRIAL” box and press any pushbutton. For True Motion, the Trial Manoeuvre facility may be exited by moving the cursor, using the tracker ball, to the radar circle.

Note: The Trial Manoeuvre facility times out as set by the delay.

NAV Menu

The “NAV” (Navigation) menu provides access to the following facilities:

• Curved EBL on/off (not available in this simulator version);

• Wheel over Points – WOP (not available in this simulator version);

• Parallel Index – PI;

• Plot;

• CRT – to adjust daytime/nocturnal brilliance, contrast, light, and acoustic alarm levels.

To select the navigation menu, position the cursor over the “NAV” box and operate any of the pushbuttons. The following option boxes are displayed:

CURVED EBL OFF

WOP PI END

PLOT

Curved EBL

Function

An Electronic Bearing Line that graphically displays the rate of turn/radius of turn that the vessel will take to effect a new course. The turn shown will include the ship’s forwarding distance.

Selection

To enable the Curved EBL, position the cursor over the “CURVED EBL” box and press any of the three control buttons.

To set the Radius of Turn or Rate of Turn, position the cursor over the required box, press any of the buttons and, while maintaining pressure on the button, rotate the tracker ball.

Wheel Over Point

Function

To mark the point at which the wheel is turned, in order to monitor the vessel’s progress around a controlled turn.

Selection

As soon as the autopilot has been commanded to turn onto the new course, position the cursor over the WOP box and press any of the control buttons. As the button is pressed, the EBL becomes sea stabilized, and progress of the vessel around the turn can be monitored by comparing the preset position with the curved EBL lines. The WOP function is automatically cancelled when the gyro heading is within 3 degrees of the curved EBL bearing. It can also be cancelled any time by pressing the WOP function again. The WOP box is highlighted in red when active.



Parallel Index

Function

To enable the operator to use Parallel Lines (Pl) as an aid to entering hazardous areas (e.g., estuary), the system provides four independent lines.

Selection

To select a Pl:

1. Highlight the “Pl” box.

2. Press the left-hand pushbutton; a single dotted line appears on the display with the cursor in mid position on the line. The Cursor Readout box reads the range of the line to the ownship and the relative direction of the line.

3. Movement of the tracker ball adjusts the range only, pressing the centre pushbutton deselects the cursor from the line.

4. Pressing and holding down the left-hand pushbutton allows adjustment of the bearing only. Releasing the pushbutton deselects the cursor from the line.

5. To select a second line, highlight the “Pl” box; the following appears in the Pushbutton Selection box.

6. Press the left-hand pushbutton; a second single dotted line, parallel to the first line, appears on the display with the cursor in mid position on the second line. Movement of the second line is independent of the first line, but is controlled in the same manner as the first line.

7. Four lines are selectable; each line selected appears on the display parallel to the last produced line. Each line is independent.

8. Selecting a line and pressing the right-hand pushbutton deletes that line.

Plot

The Plot facility is exactly the same as that described earlier in this section, it is duplicated in the “NAV” menu for operator convenience.

CRT Menu

The “CRT” Menu is exactly the same as that described earlier in this section, it is duplicated in the “NAV” menu for operator convenience.

Maps Menu

Map and Waypoint Positioning – the facility is provided to display both maps and waypoints in one of two projections: True or Relative. The operator is to ensure that the projection mode for both maps and waypoints is set as required prior to using this facility.

Maps are either created by drawing, using the Scratch Pad Facility, or optionally (if fitted) loaded via the Map Directory from the Nav Card. Relative maps are used as Navigation lines. True maps are effectively used for highlighting features taken from the navigation charts, i.e. navigation buoys, lighthouses, and depth contours.

Note: When creating a new map, ensure that the correct type of map, True or Relative, is selected for the application required. Map types cannot be changed once saved.



Three possible feature types are available for each map:

• Lines lines and circles may be drawn in one of four colors and

• Circles one of four styles;

• Symbols – a selection of 16 symbols may be placed in one of four colours.

To select the Maps function, proceed as follows:

1. Highlight the “MAPS” box; press any pushbutton.

Note: If a Navigation Card is not installed, the Maps Directory box shows:

NO NAV CARD

2. The Menu boxes are replaced with a Map Directory box, refer to fig. below.

3. To draw a new map, follow the instructions under Creating a New Map below.

4. To display a previously saved map, follow the instructions under Loading a Map below.

Note: Function MOVE is availed only for True Maps. If the map is moved, the box is outlined in red.

5. The Pushbutton Selection box displays:

Creating a New Map

To create a map, carry out the following:

1. Position the cursor, using the tracker ball, in the “NEW” box. The Pushbutton Selection box allows selection of a True or Relative map, irrespective of the motion mode selected.

2. The map edit mode shown below, now appears; this is the only mode that allows selection and alteration to map features:



Line Drawing

1. If the Current Feature selected is not the Type, Style, or Colour required, position the cursor in the Lines box. The Pushbutton Selection box allows selection of Line Style (centre pushbutton) and colour (right pushbutton). The left-hand pushbutton is used to select the type of Line.

2. Selection of the Line style produces the following menu; position the cursor on the required selection and press any pushbutton.

3. Select the Colour by pressing the right-hand pushbutton; the following menu appears; position the cursor on the required colour and press any pushbutton.

Note: If a feature is to be placed at a designated Lat/Long coordinate, select the “CURSOR” function box and change to LAT/LONG. Place the feature at the required Radar display position using the Lat/Long readout.

4. Move the cursor into the Radar display drawing area and press the left-hand pushbutton to start the line.

5. Using the tracker ball, draw the line in the direction required until the required distance is reached, press the right-hand pushbutton to complete the line.

Note: If a series of connected lines is to be drawn, press the left-hand pushbutton to end the previous line and to start the new line.

6. To change the line types and colours repeat steps 1 to 5.

Symbol Placement

To place a Symbol:

1. If the Current Feature selected is not the Type, Style, or Colour required, position the cursor in the Symbol box. The Pushbutton Selection box allows selection of Symbol Style (centre pushbutton) and colour (right pushbutton). The left pushbutton is used to restore the previously selected Symbol Type.

2. Selection of the Symbol style produces the following menu; position the cursor on the required selection and press any pushbutton.

3. Symbol colours are selected in the same way as for Lines.


4. Using the tracker ball, position the Symbol in the required position and press the left-hand pushbutton.

5. If the symbol is incorrectly positioned, reselect the symbol by positioning the cursor over the symbol and pressing the centre pushbutton. To delete the selected symbol, press the right-hand pushbutton.



Drawing a Circle

To draw a circle:

1. If the Current Feature selected is not the Type, Style, or Colour required, position the cursor in the Circle box. The Pushbutton Selection box allows selection of Circle Style (centre pushbutton) and colour (right pushbutton). The left pushbutton is used to restore the previously selected Circle Type.

2. Selection of the Circle style produces the following menu; position the cursor on the required selection and press any pushbutton.

3. Circle colours are selected in the same way as for Lines.


4. Move the cursor into the Radar display drawing area and press the left-hand pushbutton to start the Circle.

5. Using the tracker ball, draw the circle to the required size, press the left-hand pushbutton to complete the circle.

6. To delete the circle, select by positioning the cursor on the outside of the circle and press the centre pushbutton and then the right-hand pushbutton.

Loading a Map

To load a map, proceed as follows:

1. Scroll the map selection by positioning the cursor on the Up or Down arrow (located on the right-hand side of the Map Directory box) and then press and hold down any pushbutton and rotate in North/South axis until the required map appears.

2. Position the cursor inside the Map Directory box on the map required, the map is now highlighted, and then press the left-hand pushbutton.

3. The map is automatically loaded and displayed on screen and may be edited. The highlighted map colour now changes to indicate the selected map.

4. To return to normal operation, position the cursor using the tracker ball, in the “END” box or simply move the cursor into the radar circle.

Editing a Map

To edit a map, proceed as follows:

1. Position the cursor in the “EDIT” box and press any pushbutton.

2. The Directory box changes to the following:



3. Position the cursor in the function required; the function is highlighted and displayed in the Selected Function box.

4. The Pushbutton Selection box now displays:

Note: The left-hand pushbutton selection box reflects the function selected, i.e. Line, Symbol (e.g. Waypoint), Circle.

5. Select the required feature by pressing the appropriate pushbutton:

– SELECT LINE – to draw lines on the map;

– SELECT SYMBOL – to place a symbol, e.g. waypoint on the Map;

– SELECT CIRCLE – to draw circles on the Map;

– CHANGE STYLE – allows different symbols (16) to be drawn on the Map, or changes type of line or circle, i.e. solid, dashed, or dotted;

– SELECT COLOUR – when selected, the Directory shows the different colours available for each function selected. The colour selected is also shown in the Selected Function box.

6. The following facilities are also available:

– move – allows the map to be moved around the screen, e.g. to correct for GPS positioning errors. Position the cursor in the “MOVE” box; the box is highlighted. Press and hold down any pushbutton and move the map to the new location by using the tracker ball;

– clear – clears the screen of the selected map (reload if required again). Position the cursor in the “CLEAR” box, the box is highlighted; press any pushbutton.

7. When all editing is completed, position the cursor in the “END” box and press any pushbutton. The Directory reappears.

Saving a Map

Position the cursor, using the tracker ball, on the Map number under which the map is to be saved. Press the centre pushbutton to save the map; the following warning box is displayed: “SAVING MAP”.

Note: If the Map is already in the Directory, the warning box displays the message “CLICK AGAIN NOW TO CONFIRM ACTION”.

Deleting a Map

Position the cursor, using the tracker ball, on the Map number to be deleted. Press the right-hand pushbutton; the map is now deleted.

Documents

Manual Bridge Master E, Furuno, Nucleus (1)