Manual Arcgis 10 (en)

7/31/2019 Manual Arcgis 10 (en)

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University of Pennsylvania

From the SelectedWorks of Amy Hillier

January 2011

Manual for working with ArcGIS 10
http://repository.upenn.edu/http://works.bepress.com/amy_hillierhttp://works.bepress.com/amy_hillierhttp://repository.upenn.edu/


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WorkingWith

Amy Hillier


School of Design

ArcVieW 10


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This maua is iteded fo udegaduate ad gaduate studets

eaig to use AGIS 10 i a assoom settig. It is meat to be a

ompemet, athe tha substitute, fo AGIS softae mauas, Esi

taiig poduts, o the AGIS hep optios. It eets the ode ad

emphasis of topis that I hae foud most hepfu hie teahig i-

todutoy GIS asses i uba studies, soia ok, ad ity paig. I

expet that it i be patiuay hepfu to peope e to GIS ho may

be itimidated by oetioa softae mauas. It may aso be hepfu

as a esoue to those ho hae ompeted a ouse i AGIS but dot

aays emembe ho to pefom patiua tasks. This maua does ot

ty to be ompehesie, fousig istead o the basi toos ad futios

that uses e to GIS shoud ko ho to use. Those ho maste these

basi futios shoud hae the skis to ea about additioa toos, usig

the AGIS hep meus, o just expoig additioa meu optios, too-

bads, ad buttos.

Eah setio i the maua itodues a geea goup of futios i

AGIS, poidig step by step istutios fo usig a set of toos ith

see aptues ad a ideo shoig those steps though see aptues.

Oe of the most difut pats of eaig ho to use GIS is mathighat you ko you at to do i aymas o oeptua tems to the

spei too ad tehia aguage of AGIS. The tabe of otets

poides a oeie of the toos ad futios oeed, but you may

d it just as hepfu to use Adobe Aobats d futio.

The othe haege is toube-shootig. AGIS poduts iude a

eomous age of futioaity hih aos it to meet the eeds of a

ide age of uses. But this ide age aso esuts i hat a be a

oehemig ad sometimes tempeameta podut. Figuig out

hy thigs dot ok is key to gettig AGIS to do hat you at it

to do ad miimizig you fustatio. The setio o toube-shootig

at the ed of this maua is iteded to hep idetify ommo pobems

ad soutios.

This maua is iteded to be shaed. You do ot eed my pemissio

to shae this ith a fied o ee post it o a ouse ebsite. Beause

I am otiuay updatig it, I aays appeiate feedbak, hethe

you foud a typo o speig mistake o at to suggest a bette ay of

expaiig patiua oepts ad tehiques. The best ay to sueed

ith GIS is to make eaig ho to use it a oetie poess, so pease

joi me i makig GIS ok fo us.

Amy Hillier


[email protected]

IntroductIontothIs Manual

H I l l I E r | U S I n G A r c v I E w 1 0

Graphi Design by caitlin Bowler, McP 08


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tableof contents

1| IntroductIon

Itodutio to AGIS

Extesios fo AGIS

Itodutio to AMap

Maagig & Saig Fies

Data Fomats

2| spatIal data

Geoetifyig Images

wokig ith Pojetios

3| MakIng Maps

Symboizig Poits

Symboizig Poygos

labeig Featues

Desigig Map layouts

Mutipe-Map layouts

Expotig Maps

4| ModIfyIng attrIbutes

wokig ith Tabes

cauatig vaues

cauatig Aea, Peimete & legth

ceatig XY coodiates

Joiig Tabes

5| creatIng & aggregatIngpoInt

Geoodig

Spatia Jois

6| QueryIng & MeasurIng

Queyig by Attibute

Queyig by loatio

Measuig Distaes

Buffes

cauatig Distae /Spatia Jois

cauatig netok Distaes

Distae betee Mathed Pais

7| creatIng new geographIc fIles

Editig Shapees

Geopoessig

8| dIgItIzIng

ceatig ne Shapees

Digitizig /Mege Too

ceatig a Mask

9| densIty Maps

2

3

4

12

15

18

21

24

27

32

36

40

42

43

45

47

47

48

49

53

56

57

58

59

60

61

64

65

66

69

70

70

71

10|workIng wIth 3d

3D Aayst

11| anIMatIng tIMe serIes data

Aimatio Tooba

Takig Aayst

12| cartograMs

13| trouble-shootIng

73

76

78

79

80


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2

AGIS is a oetio of softae poduts eated by Eiometa Systems

reseah Istitute (Esi)--the Miosoft of GIS softae--that iudes desktop,

see, mobie, hosted, ad oie GIS poduts. This itodutio poides a

oeie of a of the poduts, but this maua fouses o the desktop appia-

tios, oy.

1| IntroductIonto ArcGIS

Avie

Avie is the desktop esio of AGIS meat fo a geea (o-pofessioa)

audiee. It is the most popua desktop GIS softae pogam, but it is ot the

oy oe. Ee though it is the baby desktop GIS podut ithi the Esi famiy

of poduts, it is sti oe-ki fo most basi GIS pojets. Some peope i a

this AGIS athe tha Avie. They ae oe i the same; Avie is pat of

the AGIS oetio, so it is a moe spei ay to desibe the softae.

AEdito

AEdito iudes a the futioaity of AGIS, addig the abiity to edit

featues i a mutiuse geodatabase so that mutiuse editig ad esioig aepossibe. AEdito aso adds the abiity to edit topoogiay itegated featues

i a geodatabase. The studet esio of AGIS that Esi poides is usuay

AEdito athe tha Avie.

AIfo

AIfo is Esis pofessioa GIS softae. It iudes a of the futioaity i

AGIS ad AEdito, addig some adaed geopoessig ad data oe-

sio apabiities. If you make a iig as a GIS speiaist, you at aess to

AIfo.

Areade

Areade is a fee podut fo ieig maps. You a expoe ad quey map

ayes, but you aot hage symboogy o eate e data ike you a i

AGIS. Areade is a good ay to shae the maps you eated i AGIS ith

peope ho dot hae aess to the softae.

desktop gIs products

The desktop GIS poduts ao uses to itegate ad edit data, eate e

map ayes, ad autho maps. AGIS desktop iudes a seies of saeabe

poduts. They ae a based o the same ahitetue, but the moe expesie

poduts hae moe futioaity. A matix desibig hat futioaity is

aaiabe fo eah podut a be foud at http://.esi.om/ibay/bo-

hues/pdfs/agis10-futioaity-matix.pdf.

with the jump fom AGIS 3.2 to AGIS 8, Esi bought AGIS ito its AGISsystem so that it uses the same stutue as its moe sophistiated GIS poduts.

AGIS 3.x has simia futioaity to AGIS 8, 9 ad 10, but the poduts ok

i ey diffeet ays. That meas that if you eaed GIS usig AGIS 3.x, you

i pobaby eed to do some ok to be abe to use AGIS 10. AGIS 10 adds

some futioaity to AGIS 9, but those to esios ok i a ey simia

ay, so if you eaed ho to use AGIS 8 o AGIS 9, you shoud hae o

toube sithig to AGIS 10.

Map made by Shimrit Keddem



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3 I n T r O D U c T I O n

extensIonsfor arcgIs desktopwhie the basi AGIS desktop poduts iude a eomous amout of

futioaity, extesios a aso be puhased (some ae fee) that exted thisfutioaity. May of these ae spei to patiua idusties o data fomats.

The fooig ae some of the moe fequety used extesios.

Spatia Aayst

Aos fo modeig ad aaysis ith aste (e-based) data. This iudes

eatig desity sufaes ad odutig map ageba.

3D Aayst

Iudes AGobe. Aos uses to ie isuaize ad aayze spatia data i 3D.

This iudes extudig poygos (suh as paes ad buidig footpits) ad

dapig sufaes (suh as othophotos) o eeatio modes. You a aso eate

ideo aimatios that simuate yig though you study aea.

Geostatistia Aayst

This sophistiated too aos uses to aayze aste (e-based) ad poit

data usig adaed statistia methods. Methods iude Kigig ad iese

distae-eightig.

netok Aayst

Aos fo etok-based aaysis suh as outig, detemiig osest faiity,

ad seie aeas. Uike simpe epesetatios of steet etoks that a be

maipuated ithout this extesio, etoks a stoe ifomatio about taf

o, oe-ay steets, ad tae time.

Takig Aayst

Makes it possibe to aimate poit data epesetig eets at disete times

ad paes. You a ie eets happeig aoss time ad spae usig the

paybak featue.

Busiess Aayst

Desiged to suppot busiess deisios though a seies of adaed toos ad

extesie oetio of idusty data.

commuityviz

Desiged fo isuaizig ad aayzig ad-use deisios. This podut is distib-

uted by Paeays athe tha Esi.

Sipts fo AGIS DesktopExtesios ae simpy budes of sipts that ae added togethe to AGIS.

Idiidua sipts a aso be added ithout puhasig hoe extesios. These

ae geeay itte i visua Basi, Pytho, o Aeue (the od pogammig

aguage fo ESrI) by uses o ESrI staff membes. A age oetio ae aai-

abe fo fee at http://asipts.esi.om/.

Model made by Shimrit Keddem


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4

IntroductIonto arcMap

AMap is hee you eate maps ad aess most of the AGIS futioaity.You a add ad edit data, quey ad symboize map ayes, ad eate map

ayouts fo pitig.

Statig AMapYou a auh AMap i moe tha oe ay. The most ommo ay is to

ik o the stat meu ad go to A Pogams, the the AGIS fode, the

AMap 10. If you dot see AGIS i the ist of pogams, dot oy, it might

sti be itstaed o you ompute. look i :\\Pogam Fies fo a AGIS fode.

Ope the AGIS fode, the the Desktop 10.0 fode, the the Bi fode iside

that. Doube-ik o the AMap.exe e to stat AMap. If its ot thee the

AGIS is not istaed o you ompute.

If you at to eate a desktop io fo AMap (so you dot hae to go

though a of that agai), ight ik o the AMap.exe e ad hoose eate

shotut. The opy ad paste the shotut to you desktop.

whe AMap opes, it i ask if you at to ope a bak map, use a

tempate, o bose fo a existig map doumet. whe you ae st eatig

a map, you i pobaby stat ith a bak map so ik OK. If the defaut is

to add a existig pojet, ik o My Tempates ad the Bak Map.

Addig DataUess you ope a Avie .mxd e that someoe ese eated, you i eed

to add data to get stated. Fom the e meu, go to Add data o ik o

the Add data butto (yeo squae ith age bak + sig) o the Stadad

tooba. naigate to the fode hee you hae you map ayes. with AGIS

10, you a use the Add Data butto to aess to othe optios: Add Basemap

ad Add Data Fom AGIS Oie. Fom the Add Basemep optio, you

a impot Big ad Googe aeia images, steet ad topo maps, ad othes.

Though AGIS Oie, you a impot data may additioa ayes thatiude data (suh as zip odes ith 2010 popuatio estimates). The Add Data

optio aos you to aigate to a fode ad add you o map ayes.



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catalog wIndow

Acataog is a system fo maagig ad ogaizig map es. Oe big diffe-ee ith AGIS 10 is that a esio of it (aed cataog wido) is itegat-

ed ito AMap. You a sti ope Acataog ithout opeig AMap but it

is muh easie to use fom iside AMap. To auh Acataog ithi AMap,

ik o the cataog wido. Acataog i ope o the fa ight.

You a add map ayes fom Acataog, but you a aso ie ad add

tooboxes, eate geoodig seies, edit ad ie metadata amog othe im-

potat housekeepig tasks. The tee ithi the cataog wido i iude

a umbe of fodes that ae ommoy used ith AGIS. I ode to add you

o map ayes, you i eed to coet to Fode to sho AMap hee

those othe impotat fodes eside. To eate a oetio to a e fode,

ik o the coet To Fode io at the top of the cataog wido o ight

whe you ie map ayes ithi Acataog, you see them the ay AGIS

sees them. Some of the types of es used i AGIS, iudig shapees,

oeages, ad gids, ae made up of mutipe es that oy togethe eate

a map aye. If you ieed them outside of Acataog (i My compute, fo

exampe), you oud see a of the es isted ith extesios suh as .dbf, .shp,

ik o the fode amed Fode coetio ad hoose coet Fode.

naigate uti you d the fode ith you data ad ik OK. You fode

shoud o be isted ude cataog ext to a io. Oe ote of autio: You

do ot eed to do this epeatedy. Oe you hae estabished a oetio to

you fode, you i ot eed to do it agai uess you hage omputes. If

you eate a e oetio to the fode eah time you use AGIS, you path

optios i beome umaageabe. If you hae oe dietoy hee you stoe

a you GIS es, oside oetig to that athe tha eah idiidua fode

iside.


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6

.shx. withi Acataog, you i see oy a sige e. This is espeiay hepfu

he you ae moig o opyig data.

View from Catalog Window View from My Computer

You a add data to AMap by daggig ad doppig es fom Awido.

The ios used to epeset the data idiate the type of data. A ight gee io

ith ies (boad_steet_ie.shp) idiates a ie shapee; a ight gee io

ith thee dots (highspeed_statios.shp) idiates a poit shapee; a ight gee

io ith a squae ut ito thee piees is a poygo shapee. A io ith a

hite squae ad to oums of ies (BusStop_Totalies.dbf) is a tabe.

You a ie ad edit the metadata fo ay of you es. right ik o a e

ad go to item desiptio. I most ases, the metadata i pobaby be

empty. If you get ito the habit of ig i at east a basi desiptio about

hat the data ae, ho eated them ad he, you i make it muh easie

to keep tak of ad shae you es. cik o the Edit butto to add o hage

the metadata.

Othe Acataog FutiosAcataog aso has extesie seah apabiities, makig it possibe to oate

es based o ame, oatio o you ompute, geogaphi oatio, ad date.

You a eate e shapees i Acataog. This i be desibed i the setio

ceatig ne Shapees.



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You a moe a tooba by doube-ikig o it to the eft of the buttos

(hee thee is a sot of hade at the edge). You a dok it by moig it

oe ay of the gay aeas o the see. To add o emoe a tooba, go to the

customize meu, the Toobas o doube-ik o a empty gay pat of the

see. Aythig ith a hek mak ext to it i be dispayed.

You a add e buttos to existig toobas fom the ustomize optio. cik

o the ommads butto to see you optios. Oe espeiay hepfu butto

aos you to zoom otiuousy. So do to the ategoy o the eft aed

pa/zoom, the eft ik o the cotiuous Pa ad Zoom butto o the

ight ad dag it to you toos tooba (the tooba ith the outie of a had

ad a image of a gobe i the midde) ad eease (see image o peiouspage). You a aso add e buttos ad toos by impotig sipts. That poess

is expaied i a ate setio aed wokig ith sipts.

customizig the ItefaeAMap is made up of may diffeet idos ad (dok-abe) toobas that

you a esize ad moe aoud, so dot be supised if AMap ooks sighty

diffeet eah time you ope it.

The ido o the eft that ists you map ayes is the Tabe of cotets; the

ido o the ight that shos you map is the map dispay. You a ose the

tabe of otets by ikig o the X. To big you tabe of otets bak,

go to the wido meu, the Tabe of cotets. By ikig o the tak symbo

ext to the X you a hide the Tabe of cotets; to big it bak, ik o the

od tabe of otets hih i be uig etiay o the fa eft. resize

it by hodig you uso oe the ight edge uti it hages to a to-headedao, the eft-ik ad dag the edge to esize this ido.

The map ayes you add i da i the ode i hih they appea i the

Tabe of cotets--so the aye at the top i da o top ad the aye at the

bottom i da o the bottom. You a hage the ode by eft ikig o

the aye you ish to moe ad daggig it to a e positio. The ios at the

top of the Tabe of cotets ao fo diffeet ies o you data--by soue

(so you a see hee eah e exists o you ompute), by isibiity (ayes

tued o i be isted st), ad by seetio (idiatig hethe ay featues

ae seeted). You a oy hage the ode of you ayes fom the st optio,

list by Daig Ode hih is the defaut he you ope AMap.


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8H I l l I E r | U S I n G A r c v I E w 1 0

naigatig a MapThee ae seea toos aaiabe fo zoomig i ad out of you map.

The xed zoom in/xed zoom out toos

gie you the east oto but aso may

keep you fom zoomig i o out too muh

ad osig you map. Eah time you ik,

you i zoom i o out a xed amout.

The pan tool oks ike the otiu-

ous zoom too he you ight ik o it.

Thik of the pa too as a stiky had you

set do o a piee of pape. You use it

to moe you map up, do, eft o ight

ithout hagig the extet (the degee to

hih you ae zoomed i o out).

You a aso pa by usig the so bas

o the ight ad bottom of you map.Hoee, these ae ot the best ay to

aigate sie they ae eay desiged fo

soig i od doumet o image.

The continuous zoom tool gies you the

geatest amout of oto, but you hae

to add this by ustomizig you tooba (see

customizig the Itefae aboe). cik

o the otiuous zoom too, the eft ik

o you map, hod do the mouse butto,

ad moe you mouse aay fom you to

zoom i ad toad you to zoom out. If

you ight ik ad hod do, this beomes

a too fo paig (moig map aoud

ithout hagig the extet).

Usig the non-continuous zoom tools,

you a ik o you map to zoom i o out

at a xed amout o to da a box aoud

the aea that you at to see i moe o essdetai. The e map i be da so that

the aea you de the box aoud is i the

midde of the map dispay.

The full extent button i zoom i o out

so that a of you atie (heked) map

ayes a be ieed. This is ey hepfu

he you zoom i o out too muh ad

at see you map ayes. You a aso

zoom i to a sige aye by ight ikig

o the aye i the tabe of otets ad

hoosig zoom to aye.

The previous extent button ao you

to etu to the extet you had befoe

zoomig i o out. The ext extet butto

aos you to jump foad a extet (afte

you hae used the peious extet butto).

This is a sot of udo butto i egad toaigatio.


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Idetifyig Attibutes of FeatuesThe poits, ies, ad poygos that make up eto map ayes ae a map

featues that hae attibutes stoed i a tabe. This is pat of hat makes

GIS uique, that it a oet attibutes of a oatio to that oatio.

You a aess this ifomatio i seea diffeet ays. Usig the idetify

(i) too, ik o a map featue i the map dispay. A idetify esuts

box i dispay a of the ifomatio ko about that featue. notie

the ayes dopdo meu. The defaut i AMap is to dispay ifomatio

oy about the top-most aye. You a hage this usig the dopdo

meu at the top of the idetify pop-up box.

Shoig Map Tips

Map tips ae sma text boxes that appea he you hod the uso oe a

map featue. You a oy see oe attibute at a time (uike the idetify

too, hih aos you to see a the attibutes ko fo that map featue),

but usig map tips is muh simpe ad aos you to get a quik idea of the

attibutes. To tu o map tips, doube ik o you shapee ame i the

tabe of otets ad, fom the laye Popeties, make the Dispay tab atie.

Put a hek mak i the Sho Map Tips usig the dispay expessio box. To

hage the dispay expessio, use the dopdo meu just aboe.


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10

Seetig FeatuesYou a aso use the seet featues too to idetify attibutes, eithe by ikig

o a patiua map featue o by daig a etage, poygo, ie, ie o

usig the asso seetio too. The seeted featues shoud beome highighted

ith a bue outie. right ik o the map aye that otais the featue(s)

that you ish to iestigate ad go to ope attibute tabe. This tabe iudes

a the attibutes of a the featues i that aye. I ode to ie just the

seeted featue(s), ik o the Sho Seeted Featues butto at the bottom

of the tabe. notie that thee i be a idiatio of ho may eods out of

the tota hae bee seeted.

You a aso highight a featue o the map by ikig o a o i the tabe

(you eed to ik i the gay aea o the fa eft). This ay, you a d a

spei pae (suh as cypus) o you map. You a hage the seetio oo

fom optios i the Seetio meu. It is aso possibe to use diffeet seetio

oos fo eah aye. Doube ik o a map aye, o ight ik ad go to pop-

eties. choose the seetio tab ad the seet the ast adio butto, Sho

seeted featues ith this oo. This i oy hage the seetio oo fo this

map aye.

To useet eods (ad get id of the bue highight), you a do oe of seea

thigs:

1. Ope the attibute tabe (ight ik o the ame i the Tabe of cotets ad

go to Ope Attibute Tabe) ad the ik o the cea Seeted Featuesbutto at the top;

2. with the attibute tabe ope, ik o the Tabe Optios butto o the top

eft ad go to cea Seetio ;

3. Fom the Seetio meu i AMap, hoose cea Seeted Featues;

4. Fom the Tabe of cotets, ik o the list by Seetio butto to see

hih map aye has seeted featues, the ight ik o the oe ith seeted

featues ad go to cea Seeted Featues.



14/83


chagig Map Symbos

AMap has may optios fo hagig the ay you data ae dispayed. Some

of the simpest optios ioe the hoie of oo, patte, ad shape (fo

poit data). To make hages, ik o the map symbo i the tabe of otets.

The symbo seeto ido that opes i ook diffeet depedig upo

the type of aye: poit, ie, o poygo. Fo poits, you a hoose a diffe-

et make fom the defaut (hih is a ie ith a bak outie). whe you

hoose a e make, the defaut size jumps fom 4 poit (quite sma) to 18

poit (quite age). You a d may moe symbos by ikig o Stye refe-

ees... butto (fo exampe, thee is a taspotatio, ime aaysis ad ii

symbo paette). You a hage the oo, size, ad age usig the optios

o the ight of the ido. The eset butto i udo ay hages you hae

made to the symbo sie opeig the symbo seeto ido.

Fo ies, you a hoose fom a aiety of pattes, thikesses, ad oos. Thee

ae idusty stadads fo thigs ike highays, expessays, ad aioads.

Fo poygos, you hae hoies about the patte, oo, ad outie oo.

The popeties butto i gie you additioa optios (ad ofte too may

optios) but may be hepfu i e-tuig the osshath ad odeed stippe

pattes.

You a aso symboize you ayes based o diffeet aues fo eah map

featue. Fo exampe, you might use diffeet size poits to epeset diffeet

ities aoud the od aodig to thei popuatio o use diffe oo makes

to epeset diffeet types of hospitas. These ae osideed themati maps

ad they i be disussed i the setios o dispayig poits, ies, ad poygos.


15/83

12

ManagIng & savIng data

May of the fustatios of e GIS uses eate to saig es. AGIS oksdiffeety fom most softae, so if you do ot take ae i amig ad saig

you es, you i ot be abe to d o ope you ok.

Saig AMap Doumets (.mxd)A AMap doumet is made up of a the map ayes you hae added ad

a of the futios you hae appied to them. It is best to oy sae a AMap

doumet he you hae spet a sigiat amout of time.

whe you ope AMap, you ae pompted to speify hethe you ish to

ope a existig map doumet o eate a e oe. Most of the time heyou ae eaig to use Avie, you a eate a e AMap doumet. If

you i eed to etu to you ok oe you stat symboizig you map ayes

ad desigig a ayout fo pitig, you i pobaby at to sae a AMap

doumet. You do this by goig to the Fie meu ad hoosig sae. This e i

sae a of the ok you hae doe, iudig the ist of data you hae added

ad the hages you hae made to aye popeties, symboogy, ad the ayout.

The .mxd e does nOT sae a of the data you iuded i you map. Istead,

it iudes ifomatio about the oatio of those es o you ompute (o

etok, o Iteet) ad the fomattig hages you made. This meas that

you aot moe the data es youe iuded i a map doumet o just

put you .mxd e o a thumb die to ope o a diffeet ompute ithout

uig ito pobems. It aso meas that map doumets a be difut to

tasfe fom oe ompute to aothe. If you do moe oe of the es used i

you map doumet, that aye i be sho ith a ! ext to it ad i ot

da he you ope you map doumet. If you ik o the gayed out hek

mak beside the aye ame, AMap i big up a diaog askig hee you

moed the e. naigatig to the e i its e oatio ad ikig add i

soe the pobem.

Saig reatie Pathsreatie paths a hep you aoid the ed examatio poits some of the time.

If you hae a of the es beogig to a map doumet i a sige fode, you

a moe it to a e oatio ad sti ope it ith eatie paths. Fom the Fie

meu, go to Map Doumet. ad hek the box ext to Pathames that

says Sae eatie pathames to data soues.



16/83


Saig Map layesI additio to saig the etie okspae ith a map doumet, you a sae

a idiidua map aye (.y). This e i stoe a the fomattig hages you

hae made to the aye. This is patiuay hepfu if you at to use the same

aye, ith the same symboogy, i aothe map doumet. As ith the .mxd

e, the .y e oy iudes ifomatio about the fomattig ad the path to

the oigia data (geeay a shapee). Moig you oigia data, o moig

the .y e to aothe ompute, i eate pobems.

namig Fiesnamig you es i a ea ad osistet mae i make okig ith

AMap muh easie. You eed to deeop you o amig oetio that

makes sese to you. You may eate mutipe esios of the same shapee that

ae oy sighty diffeet, so you amig oetio shoud eet those diffe-

ees (i yea, pojetio, attibutes, geogaphi ee, et.). Fo exampe:

AGIS a ok ith e ames that ae moe tha 8 haates, but eay og

ames a be difut to ok ith. AGIS a aso ok ith es that hae

spaes i thei ame (suh as Phia tats.shp), but this a eate pobems (es-

peiay ith attibute ames) so it is best to aoid by usig udesoes ( _ ).

Phia_tats_2000_UTM.shp

Phia_tats_1990_UTM.shp

Phia_bgoups_2000_statepae.shp

nYc_tats_1990_UTM.shp

nYc_tats_1990_StatePae.shp

PA_tats_2000_StatePae.shp

ceatig Map PakagesAGIS 10 iudes a optio to pakage up you .mxd e ith a the data used

to eate the map doumet o the mode of Adobe poduts. This is espeiay

usefu fo moig you es fo a spei pojet fom oe ompute (o oatio

o a ompute) to aothe o shaig the es ith someoe ese. Fom the

Fie meu, go to ceate a Map Pakage. You must sae the map doumet

(.mdx) e st, the the map pakage.You i aso eed to gie the map

doumet a desiptio (tite, summay ad othe ifomatio ae optioa) ad

idiate hee you at to sae the map pakage. Oe you hae idetied

the oatio hee the pakage shoud be saed, ik the vaidate butto to

make sue a of the assoiated es a be foud. The ik Shae to eate

the map pakage. Map pakages hae the extesio .mpk.


17/83

14

Saig ad Stoig FiesThe most impotat thig i stoig es fo AMap is to thik though a system

BEFOrE you stat, so you a aoid moig es ad disabig you map dou-

mets ad ayes. coside eatig a e dietoy fo eah e mappig

pojet. Keep a map doumets, map ayes, ad tabes i that dietoy. Ee

though it i equie moe stoage spae, you may at to keep sepaate

opies of the same map aye, suh as a steets aye, i eah pojet fode

hee you i be usig it. As you ok ith AGIS, you i aso be eatig

e tabes ad shapees. wheee AGIS is eatig a e e, you i be

gie a oppotuity to gie it a ame ad speify a oatio ith a diaogue

box ike this:

cik o the fode io to sho Avie exaty hee you at the e e

ad the gie the e a e ame. Otheise you i ed up ith es aed

Expot_Output.shp ad othe uhepfu thigs ike that. no oe a hep you

if you dot ko hee you es ae o hat you aed them (tust me, this is

about the ost pobem you a hae ith AGIS).

As you eate e esios of od ayes, deete the od ayes to keep you es

eat. Ad emembe, its best to deete es fom the cataog wido.



18/83


dataforMatsAGIS a ok ith may diffeet types of data, oy some of hih ae de-

sibed i this setio. AGIS 10 a ok ith moe diffeet data fomats tha

peious esios of AGIS.

Tabua dataTabua data iudes thigs ike omma deimited o xed idth text es,

Exe oksheets, AccESS es, ad dbase es. This is hee you stoe attibute

data, hih iudes ay ifomatio you hae about a oatio. Fo exampe,

you might ko the types of pogams offeed at a eeatio ete o the

tota popuatio of a zip ode. I ode to be mapped, tabua data geeay

eeds to be iked to spatia/geogaphi data. Uike

some eaie esios (8 ad

eaie), AGIS 10 a ok

ith Exe es. whe you add

a Exe e to AMap, you

must speify hih ok-

sheet you ish to add, so ty

to emembe to ame you

oksheets i Exe (o spaes

i the ame). whe you add

data, doube-ik o the

ame of the .xs e to see

the ames of the osheets.

Highight a oksheet ad

ik add.

Addig XY DataSome tabua data iude XY oodiates. Fo exampe, data might be o-

eted usig a GPS deie o a data edo might se the ames ad addesses

of supemakets ad iude XY oodiates fo mappig. coetig ists of

addesses to poits o a map usuay ioes a poess aed geoodig ad

is expaied ate i this maua. You do ot eed to geoode if you tabe

aeady iudes XY oodiates. Fom the Fie meu, go to Add Data ad

Add XY Data. Fom the Dispay

XY Data ido, hoose the ed

that otais the X (ogitude)

ad Y (atitude) oodiates. If you

ko the pojetio used to oet

o eate the data, ik o the

Edit butto ad set the pojetio

(pojetios i be desibed ate

so dot oy if this doest make

sese at this poit).


19/83

16

.dbf - the dBASE e that stoes the attibute ifomatio of featues.

whe ashapee is added as a theme to a ie, this e is dispayed as a

featue tabe.

.sbn ad .sbx - the es that stoe the spatia idex of the featues.

These to es may ot exist uti you pefom theme o theme see

tio, spatia joi, o eate a idex o a themes shape ed.

.pjr the e that stoes ifomatio about the pojetio. This i oy

exist fo shapees ith deed pojetios.

The shapee stoes ifomatio about the shape of the map featues, desib-

ig them i the shape ed of the attibute tabe as poit, ie, o poygo. It

aso stoes ifomatio about the ea od oatio of eah etex that makes

up the map featues. Usig this ifomatio, Avie a auate aea ad

peimete fo poygo featues.

TopoogyO of the biggest ompaits about the shapee fomat is that it does ot

otai ifomatio about topoogy. Topoogi fomats (ike oeages used i

AIfo) otai detaied ifomatio about the eatioships amog featues

i the same map aye. This aos fo a aiety of opeatios to esue the

itegity of ies ad poygos ad to aefuy edit ad eate e geogaphi

featues. I eatig the shapee fomat, ESrI itetioay eated somethig

that is simpe tha existig topoogi fomats fo desktop (athe tha pofes-

sioa) GIS uses.

Geogaphi dataThe tabua data you use i AGIS a be used i othe pogams ike Exe,

SPSS, SAS, ad STATA, but the geogaphi data you use a oy be used i GIS

pogams. Geogaphi data stoe ifomatio about oatio so that they a

be epeseted as map ayes. Geogaphi data a be ategoized as eto o

aste. This maua deas pimaiy ith eto data.

ShapeesShapees ae the most ommo fomat fo eto data i AGIS. veto data

use poits, ies, ad poygos to epeset map featues. veto GIS is exe-

et fo epesetig disete objets, suh as paes, steets, ad admiistatie

boudaies. veto GIS is ot as good fo epesetig thigs that ay otiu-

ousy oe spae, suh as tempeatue ad eeatio.

Esi eated the shapee fomat i ode to epeset eto GIS data i a

simpe fomat tha thei oeage fomat used i AIfo. As ith othe fomats

of geogaphi data, shapees ik ifomatio about the oatio ad shape

of the map featues to thei attibutes. Othe GIS pogams i ao you to

use shapees, but geogaphi es fom othe GIS pogams must be oeted

to shapees befoe AGIS a ead them. Shapees ae made up of thee o

moe es that eed to be stoed i the same dietoy i ode fo AGIS toeogize them as shapees. whe you ook at you shapees though AMap

o Acataog, you i oy see oe e, but if you ook at them diety o you

had die o thumb die, you i see mutipe es ith the fooig exte-

sios:

.shp - the e that stoes the featue geomety (poit, ie, o poygo)

.shx - the e that stoes the idex of the featue geomety

ImagesAGIS aos you to impot ad expot may diffeet types of images. The

images you impot may be saed pape maps, aeia photos, o othe pitues

o photos that you hot ik to you map featues. AMap a impot a ide



20/83


You i aso eeie a

message that AMap

is uabe to da the

image as a map aye

beause it is missig

ifomatio about

oatio. So hy oud

you add a image

to AMap i the st

pae? Beause images

ike aeia photogaphs

ad saed histoia

maps a be tas-

fomed ito map ayes

though a poess aed

geoetifyig.

age of e types. You a aso expot ished maps i AMap i a umbe

of fomats: EMP, BMP, EPS, TIFF, PDF, JPEG, cGM, JPEG, PcX, ad PnG.

Images ae ike tabes i that they may otai ifomatio about a patiua

oatio, but they do ot stoe oatio ifomatio so they aot be mapped.

whe you add a age image to AMap, you i ofte be pompted to deide

hethe you ish to buid pyamids. Geeay you at to say yes beause

this i make it easie to ok ith the image i AMap.

raste map ayesraste data use gids made up of egua es, o pixes, to epeset spatiay

otiuous data. They ook ike egua images, but eah pixe is assiged ea

od oodiates ad a attibute aue (suh as peipitatio ee o eea-

You a ie aste ayes i

AMap ithout ay ad-

ditioa extesios, but you

eed the Spatia Aayst

extesio to aayze o

eate e aste ayes.

whe aste ayes hae the

same size es, thei aues

a be added, subtated,mutipied, diided ad

queied usig map ageba (a system deeoped by Daa Tomi). You a add

aste data to AMap just as you do eto data, usig the add data. Be sue

to highight the aye you at, the ik add (if you doube ik, you i

see the idiidua bads that make up you aste ay). AMap saes aste

ayes i its GrID fomat. Acataog eogizes GrIDs ad othe image fomats

(iudig BMP, JPEG, TIFF) as aste ayes.

GeodatabasesESrI has moed toad a e geogaphi data mode aed a geodatabase

that used Miosoft AccESS es to stoe mutipe tabes, shapees, ad aste

images. Geodatabases ae moe ompiated tha shapees ad a iese fo

AEdito (ot just Avie) is equied to edit geodatabases. Shapees ae

geeay sufiet fo idiidua pojets, but geodatabases ae moe appopi-

ate fo ok eiomets hee mutipe peope ae aessig ifomatio o

he adaed editig is equied.

tio), so the data a be mapped. The use dees the e size, aoig fo ey

e o ouse aste sufaes. Ee he the e size is ey sma, you a see

the idiidua squae es he you zoom i.


21/83

18

georectIfyIng IMages

Geoefetifyig aos you to oet a pape map ito a GIS map aye. Es-

setiay, the poess assigs X ad Y oodiates to poits o you digita map

image, shiftig, otatig, ad saig you map so that you a ie it as a map

aye aog ith you shapees. The simpest fom of this, usig osee toos, is

expaied beo. This is espeiay aue fo iopoatig histoia maps to GIS.

ceate a aste image

Sa you pape map. The highe esoutio, the bette. AMap a hade

petty big es, ad it a ok ith ots of e types (.jpg, .tif, .bmp). If you hae

a hoie, go ith .tif ad 300 dpi o bette.

Add efeee ayes (shapees)

Befoe you add you saed image, add a shapee that oes the same geo-

gaphi aea. This might be a steet eteie e, ity boudaies, o somethig

simia. Be sue that you a idetify a fe paes o you saed maps o this

shapee (suh as a admak o steet itesetio). Otheise, you i ot be

abe to use o-see geoetifyig. I ode to stat geoetify-

ig, you eed to sith

bak so that you a seeyou shapee, athe tha

you image. right ik o

the shapee ad hoose

zoom to aye. Fom the

ie meu, hoose toobas,

the Geoefeeig.

Add map imageAdd you image to AMap just as you oud a shapee o tabe, usig the

butto o fom the e meu, hoose add aye. Depedig upo the size of

you image, a diaogue box i ask you if youd ike to add pyamids. cik

OK. Dot oy if you get a aig message that you image aks poje-

tio ifomatio. At this poit, you saed map is just a image, so it shoudt

otai ay spatia ifomatio. The ame of you image shoud o appea i

the tabe of otets, but you i ot see you image da ith you shapee

2 | spatIal data

beause it is i pixe spae sie thee is o oodiate ifomatio. To see you

image, ight ik o the ame ad hoose zoom to aye.



22/83

19

Fom the geoefeeig meu, hoose t to dispay. no you efeee

aye(s) shoud da o top of you map image i the ie map ido. If you

saed map is upside do, use the Fip o rotate toos.

Add oto poitscik the add oto poits butto. ceate you st oto poit o you

image by ikig oe o you saed map, the ik o the shapee i the

oespodig spot. You image shoud shift ose to you shapee. If it gets

futhe aay, you pobaby eesed the ode. Be sue to ik o you saed

map st, the the shapee. You may d it hepfu to use the magie

ido (fom the ido meu, hoose magie) so that you a see you

map detais ithout zoomig i. cotiue to add oto poits. Afte doig

this a fe times, you image shoud be moe o ess ied up ith you shapee.

cotiue to add oto poits as og as doig so impoes the aigmet.

2 | S P A T I A l D A T A


23/83

20

I most situatios, you map image i ot ie up pefety ith the shape-

e ad you shoud ot expet it to. The oigia map you saed may hae

bee eated usig a diffeet pojetio system o iuded distotios ad the

map may hae bee futhe distoted o damaged oe time. If the image gets

futhe ad futhe aay fom the shapee, hoee, ty statig oe. Fom

the geoefeeig meu o the geoefeeig tooba, go to deete oto

poits ad eset tasfomatio, the hoose t to dispay agai. You a

aso deete a sige oto poit usig the ie iks butto. The oto poits

ae isted i the ode that you eated them, so the most eet oto poit

i be isted ast. To deete oe, hightight it ad ik the deete (X) butto.

You may d it easie to ie up the saed map ad efeee shapee usig

the magie too. Fom the widos meu, hoose Magie. Moe the Mag-

ie ido oe you maps i aeas hee you ae haig toube iig them

up. You a add oto poits fom iside the Magife ido.

TasfomatiosIf you hae six o moe oto poits, you a pefom a seod ode; if you

hae tee o moe oto poits, you a pefom a thid ode tasfoma-

tio. But be sue to ook at ho these tasfomatios distot you map. You

may be bette off ith the st-ode tasfomatio.

Saig the Geoefeeed Image

I ode to pemaety sae the tasfomatio, hoose Update Geoefe-

eig. This i add the spatia ifomatio diety to you saed map

(meaig you i oose the oigia esio). If you hoose etify fom the

geoefeeig meu, AMap i eate a e image ith the spatia data.

note that the e etied map may be ey age ad may ook sighty diffe-

et (dake, pooe esoutio).



24/83

21 2 | S P A T I A l D A T A

workIngwIth projectIons

Pojetios ae pobaby the tikiest pat of okig ith spatia data. The

stakes ae high beause if data ae ot pojeted popey, you might ot ee

get you map ayes to da togethe. Dot be afaid to ask someoe fo hep

o to stat oe (dooad the oigia data agai). Hopefuy thee is some

osuatio i koig that most peope hae a had time ith this stuff.

Pojetios maage the distotio that is ieitabe he a spheia (okay,

eipsoid) eath is ieed as a at map. A pojetio systems distot geogaphy

i some ayeithe by distotig aea, shape, distae, dietio, o sae. Thee

ae dozes of diffeet pojetio systems i use beause diffeet systems okbest i diffeet pats of the od ad, ee ithi the same pats of the od,

GIS uses hae diffeet pioities ad eeds. whe you ae ookig at a eatie-

y sma aea, suh as a sige ity, thee is eatiey itte distotio beause the

ue of the eath is sight. But koig ad settig pojetios popey is aso

impotat fo gettig you may ayes to da togethe, distae uits to make

sese, ad some of Avies toos to ok. So i the ed, its patia to take

ae i pojetig you data.

reogizig the coodiate SystemMap ayes a be da aodig to a geogaphi oodiate system (upo-

jeted) o pojeted oodiate system. Geogaphi oodiate systems idiate

oatio usig ogitude ad atitude based o a sphee (o spheoid) hie

pojeted oodiate systems use X ad Y based o a pae. As og as ompute

sees ad pited maps ae at, pojeted oodiate systems i be moe

appopiate fo okig ith GIS data. You may ot aays ko the oodi-

ate system beig used, patiuay if you iheit data o dooad it fom the

Iteet. If you ae uky, the map aye i iude a .poj e hih otais

ifomatio about the oodiate system, o the metadata i poide some

expaatio. You a ook at the ifomatio i the .pj ethe detaied spatia

efeee ifomatioby ikig o the geea tab of the aye popeties

fom AMap. Ateatiey, you

a ik o the eds tab of the

aye popeties fom Acataog,

ik iside the shape ed ad

ik o the butto to the ight

of Spatia refeee. You a


25/83

22

wokig ith Upojeted layes

I most ases, you i at to oet upojeted map ayesthose ith a

geogaphi oodiate systemto pojeted map ayes. Ay of the es you

dooad fom the US cesus ebsite o Esi TIGEr es site i be i this u-

pojeted fomat. Thee ae to steps ioed i this poess. Fist, you must

eate a .poj e by deig the map aye as upojeted; the you a

pojet the map aye usig the pojetio of you hoie. You a aess the

toos fo doig this by ikig o the AToobox io iside AMap. cik o

data maagemet toos ad the pojetios ad tasfomatios.

Deig pojetiosDeig a pojetio egistes the uet oodiate system of you map aye.

It ioes epotig to Avie the atue of the data that you hae, ot

hagig that data. To dee the oodiate system fo you upojeted map

aye, ik o the Dee Pojetio izad. Fist you i be asked to hoose

a data aye. If you added the eeat map aye to AMap, you i be abe

to d it i the dopdo meu. Otheise you i eed to ik o the fode

io to oate you map aye. The you a hoose the oodiate system usig

the butto. cik the seet butto o the Spatia refeee Popeties. I most

ases, you a hoose Geogaphi coodiate Systems, noth Ameia, ad

nAD 1983 Datum, the ik okay. You shoud ot otie a diffeee i ho

the map aye is da as a esut of deig the oodiate system. But as a

esut of deig it, thee is o a .poj e assoiated ith you map aye ad

you a ook at the detaied spatia efeee ifomatio. Befoe you dee a

aye as upojeted, Avie i efe to it as assumed geogaphi.



26/83

23

wokig ith Pojeted Map layesSometimes the map ayes you aquie i aeady be pojeted but ot ay

a .poj e so you ot ko the pojetio. The best thig to do i this situa-

tio is to ook at the oigia soue fo ifomatio about the pojetio system,

eithe o a ebsite, i metadata that ame ith the e, o by aig the peso

ho eated the data. If these appoahes a fai to eea the pojetio, map

the data i ode to guess the pojetio. You may eogize the pojetio by

the uits shoig i the gay ba beo the map. If they ae ot i ogitude

ad atitude, they ae pobaby pojeted. As you ok ith a patiua poje-

tio system, you i ome to eogize the map uits ad age of oodiate

aues. Fo exampe, State Pae oodiates fo Phiadephia ae geeay i

feet ad ook ike 2691607.78, 246268.98. UTM oodiates i be i metes ad

ook ike 486850.72, 4430095.19.

Pojetig shapeesPojetig a shapee hages the pojetio system. You a oy do this if you

hae deed (egisteed) the existig pojetio. You a pojet map ayes

that ae upojeted (geogaphi oodiate system) o hage the pojetio

o ayes that aeady hae a pojeted oodiate system. I ode to pojet

the map aye, ik o the Pojet izad. If you ae pojetig a shapee, use

the Pojet izad isted ude Featues. If you ae pojetig a aste image,

use the pojet izad isted ude aste.

As ith the dee izad, you i be asked to speify the map aye. next,

beause you i be hagig

the oigia aye, you ae asked

to ame the e aye that

i be eated. By defaut,

Avie i add _Pojet to

the oigia ame. You may

ish to gie you aye a diffe-

et ame. cik o the butto

to the ight of Output coodiate System to hoose you pojetio. cik o

the seet butto o the Spatia refeee Popeties, the hoose Pojeted

coodiate Systems. no you eed to hoose you pojetio. Fo eatiey

sma aeas ike Phiadephia, the diffeees i pojetio systems (the disto-

tio i shape, aea, distae, dietio, ad sae) ae miima. You ae best off

hoosig hatee pojetio system is most ommoy used. I Phiadephia,

that is State Pae 1983 (feet) Pesyaia South. Fo the Phiadephia MSA,

oside UTM zoe 18n. Afte makig you seetio, ik okay. Avie i

idiate that thee is a Datum oit betee map ad output. I ode to

map you ey pojeted aye, eate a e AMap doumet ad add the

e (pojeted) aye. You shoud otie a hage i the oodiates that sho

i the bottom ight of the map.



27/83

24

3 | MakIng Maps

syMbolIzIng poInts

The ea stegth of a GIS is i aoig you to use diffeet symbos to epeset

diffeet aues, ikig you attibute data to you spatia data. AMap offes

a ide age of oos ad symbos fo epesetig you poit data. Keep i

mid that just beause thee ae ea iite ombiatios that the simpest

symbos (suh as bok dots) may be the most effetie.

Sige SymboThe defaut i AMap is to epeset a poits ith the same size, shape, ad

oo symbo. This is ho AMap i dispay you poit shapees he they ae

st added to a map doumet o he you eate them though geoodig oaddig XY data. Ope the aye popeties (doube ik o the shapee ame

o ight ik ad go to Popeties,) ad ik o the Symboogy tab. I the

box o the eft side, sige symbo i be highighted. You a hage the size,

shape, o oo of the symbo by ikig o it, but as og as Sige symbo is

seeted, a of you poits i appea the same.

chagig the symboAvie has umeous paettes of symbos used i aious idusties, suh as

oseatio ad poiig. These speiaized symbos ae effetie he usedaefuy ith a audiee that i eogize them as idusty stadads. The

symbos iuded i the defaut paette may ot be idea fo you map. Fo

exampe, the symbo fo a shoo beas itte esembae to a age uba

shoo. To ie additioa paete, ik o the stye efeees butto. The

ii paette otais a umbe of hoies fo shoos. I most ases, hoee,

you ae bette off stikig ith the defaut symbos. You dot eed the symbo

of a eede to epeset dug imes. resist the temptatio to make you dots

ook ike the ea thig (suh as a dead body fo a homiide) These ae, afte a,

symbos ad you i be abe to desibe the symbo i the eged.



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categoiescategoia aiabes assify data ito uique ategoies so that eah obse-

atio (eet, peso, buidig, et.) ts i oy oe ategoy. Fo exampe, a

hospita might be maaged by a o-pot, huh, fedea goemet, state

goemet, o fo-pot etitity. The uique aues optio isted ude ate-

goies i the symboogy tab aos you to use a diffeet symbo fo eah of the

poits i a shapee based o a ategoia aiabe. This a ok e fo sma

es (10 o fee poits) but a quiky be oehemig fo age es. choose

the ed ith the aues you ish to use to epeset you poits, the ik the

Add A vaues butto i ode to big up a the ategoies. If you at to

sho oy a fe ategoies (fo exampe, bus stops fo a subset of outes), ik

the Add vaues butto, highight the aues you at, ad ik OK.

AMap i ist a symbo fo that you a emoe by takig

aay the hek mak. You a hage the idiidua symbos by ikig o

them. You a make hages to a of the symbos, o seeted symbos (hod

do the shift key to seet to o moe) by ight ikig. To emoe a aue,

ight ik o it ad hoose remoe vaue(s). Use the bak aos o the fa

ight to moe aues up ad do (the ode hee i be the ode you auesappea i the eged o you map).

choose oos that ommuiate that these ae sepaate ategoies. Dot use a

gaduated oo amp ith ight to dak shades of the same oo. This impies

that oe ategoy is moe o ess tha aothe he, i eaity, they ae just

diffeet. I additio to diffeet oos, you a use diffeet sizes ad symbos...

but dot go too azy.



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26

Quatitiescategoia aiabes oespod to ategoies ad ae geeay epeseted

usig text aiabes (o umbes used as odes fo idiidua ategoies). Quati-

ties, suh as the popuatio of a ity o ai emissios, ae otiuous ad must

be peseted ith umbes. Gaduated symbos ad popotioa symbos ae

the best hoies to sho diffeet quatitatie aues fo poits. Gaduated

symbos ao you to hae diffeet size symbos to epeset diffeet attibute

aues. with the symboogy tab atie, ik o Quatities ad the Gadu-

ated symbos. Fom the vaues: dopdo meu, seet the ed ith the

aues you ish to use. Use the asses dopdo meu to hage the umbe

of ategoies. Thee ae may ays to beak up aue ages ito ategoies.

To hage the assiatio system, ik o the cassify butto ad use the

Method dopdo meu to hoose a diffeet assiatio system. Thee is o

oe ight assiatio system. You hoie shoud be based o the distibutio

of you aues ad the goas of you map. I the ed, you at to make sue

that you hae a map that shos aiabiity, so you dot at a assiatio

system that goups eeythig togethe.

Natural Breaks (Jenks): This is the defaut i AGIS. It uses a foma

(Jeks Optimizatio) to miimize the aiae ithi asses ad maximize

the aiae betee asses. It usuay oks e, but be sue to oud off

the aues mauay.

Equal Interval: This souds ike a good idea beause it beaks you

data ito asses of equa size. The pobem is, most data ae ot distibuted

eey so this usuay makes maps ith ots of obseatios (map featues)

i oy oe o to asses. Quantile: This diides the obseatios (map featues) ito ee goups of

4 (quatie) o 5 (quitie). By deitio, it does a good job of shoig ai-

abiity.

Standard Deviation: This shos ho fa aues ae fom the mea. It

oks e he you at to sho ho exteme high ad o aues ae,

but you pobaby at to modify the eged to sho atua aues ad

ot stadad deiatios hih dot make sese to most audiees.

You a aso adjust the utoff poits by moig the bue etia ies i the his-

togam beo that sho the fequey of aues. Ateatiey, you a hage

aues mauay o the peious see by ikig o them (you i oy be

abe to hage the edig aue).

Popotioa symbos ae simia to gaduated symbos, but the size of the

symbo eets the eatie size of the quatity. Fo exampe, a hospita that has

100 beds oud be epeseted ith a symbo that is tie as age as a hospita

ith 50 beds. Popotioa symbos ae pefeabe exept i situatios hee the

symbos beome too age ad obsue othe poits.



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27 3 | M A K I n G M A P S

syMbolIzIng polygons (area data)

The optios fo symboizig poygos (suh as esus tats) ae basiay the

same as the optios fo symboizig poits, but the attibute data that you hae

fo poygos i ofte be diffeet so you i utiize the same optios i diffe-

et ays.

Gaduated cooYou a use diffeet ooso diffeet shades of the same ooto epe-

set diffeet otiuous aiabes (suh as househod iome o media age)

to eate hoopeth maps. Fom laye Popeties, ik o the symboogy

tab. O the eft side of the see, ik o Quatities ad Gaduated coo.

choose the ed ith the aues you ish to use. Use the casses dopdo

meu ad the optios i cassify to hage the umbe of ategoies o

method fo beakig aues ito ategoies.

choopeth maps ae geeay bette at epesetig ates (suh as peet

egisteed otes) athe tha outs (suh as tota otes). You a tasfom

out data ito ate data usig the nomaizatio dopdo meu i the

gaduate oo optio. I ode to use this appopiatey, you i eed to

seet the aiabe fom you attibute tabe that sees as a appopiate

deomiato. Fo exampe, i ode to sho the peet of househods eei-

ig pubi assistae, omaize the tota umbe of househods eeiig pubi

assistae by the tota umbe of househods. Do ot use the optio to eate a ate (this i use a deomiato based o the tota

umbe of map featues, ot a tue deomiato fo you aiabe).

Gaduated oo oks best he you use the same shade of a sige oo, ith

ighte shades epesetig oe aues ad dake shades epesetig highe

aues, o ituitie oo shemes suh as yeo to oage to ed o yeo to

gee to bue. But keep i mid that it may be impossibe to distiguish betee

moe tha fou o e shades of the same oo, depedig upo the quaity of

you pite.

coo amps ike these sho a

ituitie amp fom o (ight) to

high (dak). Use these to epeset

otiuous aues.

Diegig oo amps ike these

ok e he you eed to sho

aboe ad beo a mea (std).

coo amps ike these dot hae

a ituitie high o o.


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You a e tue you oos by goig to moe oos he hoosig a oo

fom the symbo seeto. Hee you a pay ith the hue(H), satuatio(S), ad

aue(v).

customizig a oo ampYou a eate you o oo amp if you ae ot happy ith ay of the

defaut hoies. To do so, go to the customize meu ad hoose Stye

Maage. Expad the fode o the top eft ad ik o the coo ramps

fode right ik i the empty spae o the ight, hoose e, ad seet Ago-

ithmi coo ramp. Seet a oo fo coo 1 (the begiig of the oo amp),

the a seod oo fo coo 2. Gie you e oo amp a ame ad ose the

Type the ame of the e oo i the cotets ido. You e oo amps

shoud appea at the top of the dopdo ist of oo amps i the Symboogy

tab.

3



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The e oo amp I eated

(aboe) i sho at the top

of my ist of oo amps i

the Symboogy tab (beo).

You a d a moe detaied

expaatio of agoithmi,

adom, muti-pat, ad

peset oo amps that a

be eated i AGIS i the

hep setio.

Fi PattesYou a use diffeet pattes i additio to, o istead of, usig diffeet oos

to epeset diffeet aues. Pattes ae patiuay hepfu he you ae

estited to pitig maps i bak ad hite. choose Gaduated coos fom

the Symboogy tab ad seet the ed ith the aues you at to dispay. Set

the umbe of asses ad the method of assiatio, so that you ae happy

ith the aue ages. The ik o the symbos ad hage the usig the

symbo seeto. cik o the Popeties butto to e-tue the patte. This

may ioe hagig the bakgoud fom hite to no oo so you a

da a aye symboized ith a patte o top of a aye ith soid oos i

ode to see the eatioship betee to diffeet attibutes.

3 | M A K I n G M A P S


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Dot DesityDot desity maps use adomy paed dots ithi poygos to epeset dif-

feet aues fo aggegate data. They poide a ateatie to hoopeth

maps fo out data. If you use this optio, be sue to emembead aefuy

ommuiate o you mapthat the poits do ot epeset peise oatios,

as they do i a poit aye. Faiig to do so may geeate ofusio ad oe

about data odetiaity. Oe majo imitatio of this type of map is that the

dots may be distibuted aoss pats of the poygo that dot make sese. Fo

exampe, if you use dot desity to sho the umbe of foeig-bo i a map

of outies, the dots might appea i o-esidetia aeas. You a aoid this

pobem by seetig a mask (suh as paks ad idustia aeas) hee dots

shoud ot be paed.

To eate a dot desity map, ope the laye Popeties ad make the Symbo-

ogy tab atie. cik o Quatities ad dot desity. Fom Fied Seetio,

hoose the ed you ish to use as the basis fo the map. couts (suh as the

tota umbe of househods o pubi assistae) ae appopiate fo dot desity

maps, but aeages, medias, ad ates ae ot. choose you dot size, o keep

the defaut (hih is adisabe, at east to stat). The Mi, Mea, ad Max

boxes i gie you a peie of ho you map i ook. The Dot vaue

idiates ho may uits eah dot epesets. chage this as eeded to eatedot desities that hae eough dots to sho aiatio but ot so may that they

ae a o top of eah othe. You a hage the oo of the dot by ikig o it

ude Symbo i the top ight pat of the see. chekig maitai desity

i esue that the dot desity ooks the same as you zoom i ad out (by

makig the dots bigge ad smae).



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Pie chatschats ae good fo shoig mutipe aues ad the eatioship betee

aues o diffeet aiabes. Pie hats ae espeiay good fo shoig popo-

tios. Fo exampe, idiidua pie piees a be used to sho the beakdo i

ae fo the popuatio i a esus tat. Fo the pies to ok, you must be abe

to put eey peso ito a aia goup, o you must use a othe ategoy.

Pies otai a ot of ifomatio, so it a be difut to dispay them eay. To

eate pie hats, ik o chats ad Pie fom the Symboogy tab. Hodig

do the shift key, seet the eds that you at to iude. Make sue that

togethe, they add up to 100 peet (you may eed to eate ad auate

a e othe ed i you attibute tabe befoe usig hats). cik o the

Bakgoud butto to hage the oo o (Hoo o hite bakgouds

might be best, so that you dot hae too may oos i you map). If you hek

Peet chat Oeap, Avie i use eade ies to idiate hee the

pie hats beog if thee is o oom to dispay them ithi the map featue.

cik o the Popeties butto to make adjustmets to the ook of the pie (3D,

otatio, height).

cik o the Size butto if you at to hae diffeet size pie hats deped-

ig upo the tota (suh as tota popuatio). If you hoose to vay size usig

a ed, you may eed to exude eods ith a zeo aue. To do this, ik othe Exusio butto ad, usig the appopiate ed ame, eate a expessio

suh as [TotaPop] = 0. You may eed to pay ith the miimum size o the

peious see to make the maximum size pie hat a easoabe size.



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Ba/coum chatsBa hats a be used to ompae aues o to o moe aiabes that do ot

epeset popotios (they dot hae to be subsets that add to 100 peet).

Fo exampe, the map o the ight ompaes the tota popuatio by bok

goup to the tota umbe of househods. To sith fom oum (etia) to ba

(hoizota) hats, go to Popeties o the Symboogy tab of laye Popeties

ad sith the adio butto ude Oietatio.

Staked chatsStaked hats a be used to ompae aues o to o moe aiabes (suh as

ae) that ae subsets of a age aiabe (suh as tota popuatio) he you

dot ko, o dot at to dispay, a of the subsets. You hae may of the

same optios fo fomattig (size, oo) that you hae ith the othe types of

hats.

labelIng features

labeig featues a be fustatig ad tedious, but abeig featues e is

impotat to makig you maps eadabe ad ommuiatig thei meaig,

so its oth the effot to ea.

Usig Text Boxes to labe FeatuesYou a pae text o a map i ode to abe map featues. The text toos

equie that you type the featue ame yousef hie the abe toos take ad-

atage of featue ames stoed i the attibute tabe. The text too a ok

e if you oy hae a fe map featues to abe.

cik o the age ette A o the daig

tooba. This i big up see diffeet

text ad abe optios. cik o the A. cik

o you map hee you at you text to

appea ad type you abe i the text box.

Hit the ete key, o ik you uso outside

the text box to ompete. You a moe

the text aoud usig the Seet Eemets

too. Doube ikig o the text i big up

the Popeties, hee you a hage the

size ad fot (usig the chage Symbo

butto).

The callout text tool oks simiay, exept that it aos you to pae you

text aay fom the map featue hie sti idiatig hat is beig abeed. cik

o the too ad the ik o you map featue. Befoe ettig go, you a moe



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33

the uso to hee you oud ike the abe to be. Type you abe. Usig the

Seet Items too, you a moe the text box so that it is ose o futhe fomthe map featue. The yeo bakgoud ith bak text may ot be hat you

at (atuay, it pobaby ot be hat you at).

Fom the text popeties diaogue box, hoose hage symbo, the

popeties, the the adaed text tab, the the popeties butto beo

text bakgoud. Fom hee, you a hoose betee to diffeet stye

aouts. cik o the symbo butto to hage the bakgoud oo.

A thid optio is the spline text tool. This aos you to ite text aog a

ued ie. This oks e fo abeig ies ad uy oads. cik o the spie

too, the ik o the statig poit fo you abe. cotiue to ik aog the

ue (you dot eed to make may iks) ad doube ik to ish. The

type you abe i the text box. You i pobaby eed to ty this seea times

to get a abe ith hih you ae happy (just ik o the abe ith the Seet

Eemets too ad hit the deete key to deete a abe).

H i3 | M A K I n G M A P S


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Mauay Paig labesUsig the abe toos i AMap, athe tha the text toos, aos you to use the

aues i a ayes attibute tabe fo you abes (i othe ods, you dot hae

to type the abe out as you do ith the text toos). By mauay paig abes,

you aso aoid haig you abes at as a goup (hih happes ith auto

abeig), so its easie to moe o edit a sige abe.

Befoe you a use the abe toos i AMap, you eed to idiate hih ed

i the attibute tabe of you map aye you at to use as the basis fo abes.

Fom laye Popeties, ik o the labes tab. leae the abe featues i

this aye box empty (ikig this eates auto abes). choose the appopiate

ed fom the labe Fied dopdo meu. cik o symbo to hage the size,

stye, o fot fo you abes. (Guessig hat size to make you abes is dif-

ut ad you i pobaby eed to make sma adjustmets afte seeig hat

oks). Usig the Paemet Popeties butto, you a istut Avie hat

to do about dupiate abes. The Sae rage aos you to istut Avie

he to da o ot da abes, depedig o the extet. I ode to do this,

you eed to ko the exat saes you be usig (so you pobaby just at toeae this aoe). The labe Styes butto gies you aess to some faie abe

optios. The highay abes ae patiuay hepfu. no you a use the abe

too to mauay abe you map featues.

cose the laye Popeties diaog box.

cik o the butto maked A o the

daig tooba ad hoose the labe

too. The labeig Optios ido

i ope. Deide if you at Avie

to deide the best abe positio o if you

at to detemie that yousef. The

choose a stye adio butto gies you

aess to those faie abes agai. You

a moe these abes (usig the Seet

Eemets too hih is the bak ao)

ad hage thei size ad stye (doube

ik to big up Popeties). You a

deete a abe by ikig o it ad pessigthe Deete key o the keyboad. To

deete a abes, fom the Edit meu

hoose Seet a eemets ad ik the

Deete key.



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Auto labeigYou may d it easie to automatiay abe a of you featues. This saes time

if you ae happy ith the ay the abes ook, but it offes you muh ess oto

oe the abe paemet. whe you automatiay abe featues, the abes

ae dyami so hages you make to oe (moig it, hagig the stye) ae

made to a. To abe you map featues automatiay, go to laye Pope-

ties, ik o the labe tab, ad put a hek mak i the labe Featues i this

aye box. You a aso abe automatiay by ight ikig a map aye ad

goig to labe Featues. To deete you abes, you eed to etu to the

labe Popeties box ad emoe the hek mak fom labe Featues i this

aye box o ight ik ad go to labe Featues. You a seet I the map

as a pae to stoe the aotatio.

coetig labes to AotatioOe soutio to the pobem that auto abeig pesets ith goups of abes is

to oet them to aota-

tio. This aos them to

futio as idiidua text

boxes so you a hage the

stye fo a sige abe. To do

this, ight ik o you map

aye afte abeig it ad go

to coet labes to A-

otatio.

Usig a Hao ith labesSometimes abes ae difut to see o top of a map that iudes may diffe-

et shades ad oos. By eatig a hao aoud the abe, it i stad out. To

eate a hao, doube-ik o the abe text to big up the Popeties diaog

box, the ik hage symbo, popeties, ad seet the mask tab. choose

the hao adio butto. You a seet a hao oo othe tha hite ad adjust

the thikess (1.5 poit may be eough).



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desIgnIng Map layouts

Dispayig data so that you a aayze spatia pattes o a ompute see

is oe thig; pitig out a map fo othe peope to ook at is quite aothe.

AMap thiks of these as distit futios ad makes aaiabe a seies of toos

fo desigig map ayouts that you dot eed uti you ae eady to pit.

layout viewhe you ope AMap, you ae i Data vie ad use the Toos tooba to

aigate you map. whe you sith to the layout vie, you hae aess to

a diffeet age of toos ad use the layout tooba to aigate. To sith to

layout vie, ik o the io at the bottom of you map dispay that ooksike a piee of pape (ext to the gobe io) o, fom the vie meu, go to

layout vie.

To make you map age o smae

o the page, you a use the zoom

toos o the Toos tooba o o the

layout tooba. The layout toobaaso iudes a pa too that you

a use to moe you hoe ayout.

To moe just you map (ad ot

the hoe page), use the pa too

i the Toos tooba. The xed zoom

toos i the layout tooba ok

ike the oes o the Toos tooba.

The Zoom to hoe page butto is

espeiay usefu.

Oe of the biggest diffeees i layout vie is that may moe optios i the

Iset meu beome atie. These optios ao you to add eemetsiud-

ig a tite, eged, oth ao, sae ba, ad imageto you ayout. Eah of

these i be sepaate objets i you ayout that a be moed ad esized

though thei Popeties. You ot see ay of them if you sith bak to Data

vie sie they ae meat to aify pited maps, ot hep you itepet you

map o see (i fat, the ayout ie is pobaby moe ofusig to ook at

fom the see beause it adds so may eemets ad usuay shiks you

map). You a add text i the layout vie, but you ae bette off tyig to

abe featues fom the Data vie, usig the abe o text toos.

I layout vie, you get a muh bette idea of ho you map i ook heits pited. AMap i automatiay pae a bode (eat ie) aoud you

map. You a emoe this by ight ikig o the bode (so the ie is tuquoise

ad pefoated) ad goig to Popeties. cik o the Fame tab. Fom hee

you a hoose a diffeet stye o oo fame (to get id of it atogethe, hoose

o oo fom the oo seeto). You a aso hage the bakgoud oo

ad add a shado (to add a shado, you eed to hage the X ad Y offset

to somethig othe tha 0).



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wokig ith Gids ad ruesYou a big up a umbe of optios aimed

at hepig you to pae the objets ithi you

ayout by ight ikig i you ayout outside

of the eat ies. Fom Optios, you a

speify ue uits ad tu o ad off ues

ad gids he the layout Optios tab is

highighted. choosig to sap to the gid o

ues i hep you to ie up objets, but it

i aso imit you abiity to make e-ee

adjustmets.

Addig a TiteTo add a tite, fom the Iset meu go to

Tite. Type you tite i the text box ad hit

the ete key o ik the uso outside the

text box. Doube ik o the tite to big up

the Popeties hee you a make hages to the text ad fomattig.

Addig a leged

Uess you abes ae abe to fuy expai you map featues, you i at aeged o you ayout. AMap gies you geat exibiity i fomattig you

eged, ad a the hoies a be oehemig. To add a eged, fom the

Iset meu go to leged. You st hoie is hat map ayes you at

iuded. Avie i guess that you at to iude a atie ayes. This may

ot be the ase if you hae ayes suh as a outy bouday, ies, o othe

obious featues that dot eed to be iuded i the eged. To emoe a aye

fom the eged, ik o its ame o the ight side of this st see ad ik

o the


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38

wizad, you a gie you eged a tite o eae the od leged as the

tite (o just eae it bak). The thid see aos you to eate a fame ad

shado aoud you eged (ot eessay, but depedig upo you ayout it

may be hepfu, patiuay if you gae you ayout a bakgoud oo). Othe fouth see, you a hage the symbos ad symbo size used to epeset

ies ad poygos i you ayout. O the a see, you a make adjustmets

to the spaig betee items i you eged. cik Fiish. To make hages

afte you hae eated you eged, doube ik o it to big up Popeties.

ceaig up you map egedchaes ae that you eed to ea up you eged at this poit. Some of you

map aye ames may hae udesoes o othe ypti otatios. The eged

i use the same ames that appea i the tabe of otets. You a hage

the abe ames i the tabe of otets ithout hagig the ame of the

shapees o you ompute. Fom the tabe of otets, ik oe o the map

aye ame, the ik agai (but ot quiky). The abe ame shoud beome

highighted, aoig you to make hages. You a aso hage the map abe

ames fom the laye Popeties diaog box, fom the Geea tab.

You may aso eed to tasate some of the aues that appea i you eged.

Fo exampe, you may hoose to symboize a pae shapee ith to diffeet

oos fo the odes 1000 ad 9999 hih epeset steets ad sideaks,

espetiey. Fom the Symboogy tab, type i steet ad sideak ude

the labes. Be aefu ot to hage the umbes isted ude vaue beause

this i hage you map.

Fo maps symboized usig gaduate

oos, you may aso at to make ad-

justmets usig the labe setio. Fo

iome, be sue to add $ ad ommas.

Fo peetages, ik o the odlabe i the Symboogy tab, hoose

fomat abes ad seet peetage.

If you umbe ooks ike a deima (0.15

fo 15%), hoose the seod adio butto

ad ik o numei optio. Hee you

a hage the umbe of deimas (i

most ases, hoose 0 o 1).



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40

MultIple-Map layouts

You may eed to eate a pited map that iudes moe tha oe map, eithe

beause you at t eeythig (suh as Aaska ad Haaii) o you mai

map, you at to sho a seies of sma mutipes (same map ith diffeet

aiabes), o beause you at to zoom ito a sma aea fo you mai map

ad idiate o a smae oeie map hat aea the age map oes.

Addig Goup layesMost of the time you i oy eed oe data

fame i a map doumet. wokig ith

data fames a make you map doumet

ompiated ad poe to ash. But if you

eed to iude moe tha oe map i you

ayout (iudig the same map at a diffeet

extet), you eed to o moe data fames.

whe you ope AMap, you just hae

oe data fame (aed laye) ad eey

map aye you add to you map doumet

beomes pat of this fame. To eate a seod

data fame, fom the Iset Meu go to AddGoup laye.

To add e data to a patiua data fame,

ight ik o its ame ad go to Add Data

o highight its ame ad use the Add Data

butto (o, fom the Iset meu, go to Add Data). If you at to moe a

aye to a diffeet data fame oe it is i AMap, ight ik o it ad go

rotatig a MapYou a otate you map to bette t the page o to make it easie to ead (just

beause you a do this doest mea its a good idea). If you do this, make sue

that you hae a oth ao o you map. As you otate you map, you oth

ao i adjust to idiate hih dietio is oth. Fom the vie meu, go

to Toobas (o just ight ik o a gay pat of the GUI) ad Data Fame Toos.

cik o the rotate Data Fame butto, the ik ad hod do o you

map, moig you map to hage the otatio. To estoe the oigia oieta-

tio, ik o the cea rotatio butto.



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41

ceatig Iset MapsIf you at to hae a oeie map that shos o a age map the outie of

the aea you detaied map iudes, you eed to eate a extet etage.

To do this, foo the istutios aboe to eate to map ayes: a detai aye

ad a oeie aye.

Zoom i o you detai aye i the map ie ad esize it i the ayout ie so

that it ooks the ay you at. The ight ik o the oeie aye i you

tabe of otets. Fom Popeties ik o the Extet retage tab. Moe

you detai aye fom the eft to the ight side. cik o the Fame butto to

make hages to the outie of you box.

to copy. The ight ik o the ame of the data fame hee you at

to moe it ad go to Paste laye. The ayes i oy oe data fame a be

dispayed i the map ie at a gie time. It does ot matte hih oe is isted

st i the tabe of otets; it mattes hih oe is atie. To dispay the ayesi a data fame, ight ik o its ame ad go to Atiate. whe you sith

to the ayout ie, you i see that thee ae to map images, oe fo eah

data fame. You i ikey eed to esize ad moe these to t togethe.



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42

exportIng Maps

If you just eed pape opies of you maps, you i pobaby hae the best

esuts pitig them fom Avie. But if you eed to iset maps ito Poe

Poit o od poessig es, i eed to expot you maps.

Expotig PoessYou a expot a map fom AMap he you ae i Data vie o layout

vie. Hoee, if you at you expoted map to iude tites, egeds, sae

bas, oth aos, ad aythig ese you added to the ayout, you at to

expot fom layout vie. Fom the Fie meu, go to Expot Map. Thee ae

may optios fo expot fomats i the Sae as type dop domeu.

.PDF: The .pdf fomat aos you to ope the map diety (ithout isetig

it ito PoePoit o MS wod) as og as you hae Aobat reade. This is

pobaby the best optio if you eed to sed someoe a map o post a map o

the Iteet.

.JPG: The .jpg fomat i ompomise the quaity of you image, so be sue to

ik o the optios butto he you expot ad iease the esoutio to at

east 200 dpi (300 dpi i be as good as you eed fo most thigs). The .jpgfomat is good beause it stoes you map i a faiy sma e.

.TIF and .EPS: The .tif ad .eps fomats ok e if you ae goig to ope you

maps i a gaphis softae pakage, but they esut i age es.

Screen Capture: If a ese fais, you a take a see aptue (push the pit

see butto o at + pit see buttos, the hoose paste) ad op the

image, but this i ot esut i a pesetatio-quaity map.

Isetig Maps ito Poe PoitSae you map as a .jpg. with Poe Poit ope, go to the Iset meu,

Pitue, ad fom e, the naigate to you map image ad ik Iset.

You may otie that thee is a ot of hite spae aoud you map. Eimiate

this usig the op too. You must hae the map image atie (ik o it so that

you see sma squaes at the oes). cik o the op too ad op the image

by ikig o oe of the sma boxes ad daggig the uso (if you do this

ithout haig the op too atie, you i shik the hoe image).

You ae pobaby bette off eatig map tites i Poe Poit athe tha

Avie. Aso, if you ae makig a map speiay fo Poe Poit, oside

makig the eged age tha usua (14 poits o moe) so that you audiee

a ead it.

Isetig Maps ito Miosoft wodFoo the same poedues fo isetig a map ito Miosoft wod. You may

hae ess exibiity i moig the map aoud tha i PoePoit, but you

shoud be abe to op ad esize it.



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43 4 | M O D i F Y i n g A T T r i B U T e s

workIngwIth tables

Attibute Tabes fo ShapeesEey shapee has a attibute tabe assoiated ith it. You a ope the tabe

by ight ikig o the shapee ame ad goig to ope attibute tabe.

The tabe i hae as may os, o eods, as it does map featues. The tota

umbe of eods i be sho at the bottom of you tabe. Thee a be ay

umbe of oums (eds). To oums ae stadad: FID, the featue ID, ad

Shape, hih a be poit, poyie, o poygo. The est of the eds i ay. I

most ases, thee i aso be a oum that ideties eah map featue ith a

uique ame, suh as a esus tat umbe o eighbohood ame. Thee may

be additioa eds idetifyig attibutes of the map featue (type of ime at a

patiua addess, umbe of peope iig i a esus tat).

Othe Attibute TabesOfte you i hae attibute data i a tabe sepaate fom you shapee. Fo

exampe, you may hae a esus tat shapee ith o attibute ifomatio

ad a tabe ith a of the 2000 esus tat data. AMap a ead Exe (.xs),

dBase (.dbf), omma-deimited (.txt o .s) ad tab-deimited (.tab) text tabes

but i oy ao editig fo .dbf tabes (you a oet .txt tabes to .dbf i

EXcEl, SPSS, AccESS, o i AMap). You a add attibute tabes to AMap

just as you do shapees, usig the add data butto, fom the e meu, Add

Data. o fom cataog wido. You must hae the Tabe of cotets set fo

list by Soues i ode to see tabes isted. Ope these attibute tabes the

same ay: ight ik o the ame ad go to Ope.

You a ok ith tabessot aues, feeze oums, geeate summay statis-

tis, seet eods, ad expot tabesithout oyig about messig up you

oigia data the ay you a i Exe if you ae ot aefu. You aot hage

ay of the data i you tabe uess you go to stat editig fom the edito

tooba exept to add o deete eds.

4 | ModIfyIng attrIbutes


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Sotig reodsYou a sot aues i a attibute tabe by ight ikig o the ed ame ad

goig to sot asedig o sot desedig.

Feezig coumsFeeze a oum (meaig that it i emai i ie ee as you so) by ight

ikig o the ed ame ad goig to Feeze/Ufeeze coum.

Summay StatistisYou a big up summay statistis fo ay umei ed (umei eds i be

justied ight) by ight ikig o the ed ame ad hoosig Statistis. You

a obtai summay statistis o additioa eds fom the dop do meu.

Seetig reodsYou a seet a subset of you eods to ook at moe osey i a umbe of

diffeet ays. You a highight a idiidua eod (o) by ikig i the

gay aea at the fa eft side of the tabe. To highight mutipe eods, hod the

oto key do. At the bottom of the tabe, AMap i idiate ho may

of the tota eods ae highighted. cik o the Seeted butto to ie oy

the seeted eods. You a sith the seetio, so that a of the highighted

eods beome u-highighted ad a u-highighted eods beome high-

ighted. Fom the optios meu, hoose Sith Seetio. You a aso seet a

eods o ea seetio fom the optios meu.



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Expotig TabesYou may eed to expot you tabe fom AMap, beause you hae made

hages, eed to oet a .txt tabe to .dbf, o fo ay othe easo. with you

tabe ope, go to the optios meu ad Expot. If you hae some eods high-

ighted, you a hoose to expot just the seeted eods o a of the eods.

Deete FiedYou a deete a ed by ight ikig o its ame ad goig to Deete Fied.

AMap i gie you a aig that the deetio is pemaet ad ot ees-

ibe. Do this ith autio. chages i be pemaet ot just ithi you mapdoumet, but i you oigia e o you had die, as e.

calculatIng valuesIn tables

You may d it easie to edit you attibute tabes outside of Avie, but

Avie has faiy sophistiated toos fo auatig aues. I Avie, you a

edit aues i a existig ed o eate a e ed ad auate e aues.

Keep i mid that you aot hage the fomat (text, itege, og itege) of

a existig oum, so if you eed to tasfom the fomat of a oum, you i

eed to eate a e ed.

ceatig a ne FiedTo eate a e ed, ope you tabe i AMap (you a aso add eds fom

Acataog). This a be a fee-stadig tabe o oe that is assoiated ith a

map aye, but oy .dbf tabes a be edited. cik o the Tabe Optios meu

(top eft oe of the attibute tabe) ad go to Add Fied. If this optio is

gayed out, you do ot hae pemissio to edit the tabe. Most ikey, this is

beause you tabe is i .xs fomat. If this is the ase, expot the tabe (a optio

ithi that same meu) ad sae it as a .dbf. Add the .dbf esio bak i ad

ty agai.

Fom Add Fied, gie you ed a ame. Do ot use ?,&,$,#,@,*,!,~ o spaes

ad keep you ed ame to 10 o fee haates. Fom the dopdo meu,hoose the type of ed. Diffeet ed types ao diffeet types of aues:

Short integer: umei, o deima pae, up to 19 haates

Long integer: umei, o deima pae, up to 19 haates

Float: umei, ith deima paes, (defaut 1 befoe deima ad 11 afte)

Double: umei, ith deima pae (defaut 7 befoe deima ad 11 afte)

4 | M O D i F Y i n g A T T r i B U T e s


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46

cauatig vaues Outside a Edit SessioTo auate the aue of you e ed (o a od ed), ight ik o its ame

ad go to cauate vaues. AMap i ask you if you ae sue that you at

to auate aues outside a edit sessio, aig that you i ot be abe to

udo you esuts. Say yes.

AMap i big up the Fied cauato. If you aue is a ostat, you a

simpy type the aue i the box at the bottom. Moe ikey, you e aue i

be based o aues i othe eds, so you i eed to use the auato. You

a eate a expessio by doube ikig o the ed ames. Fo exampe, to

auate the peet of the popuatio 65 ad up, ik o the ed ame ith

the tota 65 ad up, ik o the / butto, ad ik o the ed ame ith

the tota popuatio. If ay of the eods i you tabe ae highighted, AMap

i oy pefom auatios o the highighted eods. You a aso auate

aues fom AToobox (ude Data Maagemet Toos, the cauate

Fied).

cauatig vaues o Seeted reodsYou a get a eo hie auatig aues fo may diffeet easos.

AMap i ot ao you to diide by zeo, so if the deomiato (tota

popuatio i exampe aboe) is zeo fo ay of you eods, AMap i ot

auate ay of the aues.

To get aoud this pobem, you eed to seet oy the eods hee the

deomiato is somethig othe tha zeo. Stat by seetig the eods itha zeo i the deomiato (beause thee ae fee of these). Do this by ight

ikig the ed ith you deomiato ad sotig asedig. Hod do the

oto key ad highight a the eods ith a zeo. Fom the optios meu,

hoose Sith Seetio so that a of the eods ith o-zeo aues ae

highighted. no you shoud be abe to poeed ith auatig aues.

cauatig vaues Iside a Edit Sessiowhe you eed to auate a e aiabe, the best appoah is to auate

a aue outside a edit sessio, just desibed. But he you eed to hagethe aue o just oe o to aues, you may at to ty editig iside a edit

sessio. Go the Edit tooba ad, fom the edit meu, hoose stat editig. You

a oy edit the otets of oe dietoy at a time i a edit sessio, so you

eed to idetify the dietoy that otais the tabe you ish to edit.

Ope you tabe ad doube-ik o the aue i you tabe you ish to edit.

whe you ae ished, go to stop editig i the edit tooba ad say yes to

saig edits.



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calculatIng area, perIMeter & length

cauatig AeaUsuay thee i be a ed aed aea i a shapee he you eeie it that

idiates the aea of eah poygo map featue. If you shapee is missig this

ed o if you hae edited the shape ad size of the map featues, you i eed

to auate aea, yousef. Aea a be espeiay hepfu he you ae tyig

to omaize aues ad eate desities (auatig pesos pe squae mie, fo

exampe).

ceate a e ed aed aea ad fomat it as a doube. right ik o you

e ed ad go to cauate Geomety. Fom the Popety meu, hoose

Aea. note the pojetio ad map uits. You a hage the uits as og as

the pojetio is deed (ko).

You a aso auate aea usig AToobox. cauate Aea a be foud i

the Spatia Statistis Toos setio, ude Utiities. choose the poygo aye fo

hih you at to auate aea, the detemie a ame ad oatio fo the

e shapee you i eate. The e aye i be added automatiay to thetabe of otets he Avie is doe auatig the aea. The uits i be

hat is used by the pojetio system fo that map aye.

creatIng xy coordInates

Addig XY coodiates to a Poit laye

Just as you may eed to oet a tabe ith XY data ito a map aye, you

may eed to add XY oodiates to a existig aye otaiig poits. The

easiest ay to do this is by usig Add XY coodiates i AToobox (ude

Data Maagemet Toos go to Featues to e Add XY coodiates).

Simpy hoose the poit aye you at to assig XY oodiates ad ik OK.

The oodiates i be i hatee uits ae deed by you pojetio (ofte

feet o metes). You a aso do this usig the auate geomety optio.

4 | M O D i F Y i n g A T T r i B U T e s


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joInIng tables

You a ik map featues to thei attibutes i GIS but oy he you atti-

butes ae i the same e as you geogaphi data. Ofte you i hae atti-butes stoed i a sepaate tabe that you i eed to joi to a shapee i ode

to symboize you map ith the data. You might thik of a shapee as a seies

of otaies that a hod attibute data. Ofte you i obtai shapees that

hae o attibute datai effet, empty otaies.

Idetifyig a keyI ode to joi a attibute tabe to a shapee, you i eed to idetify a

ed that is ommo to you attibute tabe ad the attibute tabe assoiated

ith you shapee. This ed is ko as a key, o uique idetie, beause ituiquey ideties eah eod i you tabe ad shapee o hih Avie a

joi, o math, you data. The aues must be fomatted i a idetia ay. If

they ae ot, you must edit oe of the eds o eate a e ed ad eau-

ate the aues so that they math pefety.

Tabes ith esus data may otai mutipe eds that uiquey idetify eah

eod that may hae ames suh as TrT2000, STFID, ad TrAcTID. The

ed ame doest hae to be the same i the attibute tabe ad the shapee

i ode to joi them; they just hae to be fomatted i the same ay. whieyou may pefom jois o esus data most fequety, you a joi attibutes

to shapees fo othe data: zipodes, ouimai distits, outies. You a

joi o a ame (suh as eighbohood ame, o the ame of a istitutio),

athough keep i mid that diffeees i speig ad spaig i keep eods

fom joiig. To make sue that both oums ae fomatted the same ay, ook

ad see ho they ae justied. left justied oums ae fomatted as text; ight

justied

Documents

Manual Arcgis 10 (en)