MANNHEIMER ZENTRUM FœR EUROP„ISCHE SOZIALFORSCHUNG

2001ANNUAL REPORT

MANNHEIMER ZENTRUM FÜREUROPÄISCHE SOZIALFORSCHUNG

Annual Report 2001

Mannheim 2002

Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung (MZES)Universität MannheimL 7, 1D-68161 MannheimPhone ++49 (0)621-181 2868Fax ++49 (0)621-181 2866E-mail [email protected] http://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de

This report was produced under the auspices ofJan van Deth / Director of the MZESWalter Müller / Head of Department ABeate Kohler-Koch / Head of Department B

Editing: Reinhart Schneidersupported bythe Directorate, the Computer Department and the Secretary's Offices

Cover layout: Günter Braun

Contents

1 Director's Annual Report 2001.................................................................................................................5

1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Scientific Development ............................................................................................................................... 6

1.2.1 Products and Rewards....................................................................................................................... 6

1.2.2 Fourth Research Programme........................................................................................................... 7

1.2.3 Project Development and Financial Support .............................................................................. 8

1.2.4 Challenges and Strategies..............................................................................................................10

1.2.5 Young Scholars Initiative ...............................................................................................................11

1.2.6 Fellowships .........................................................................................................................................12

1.2.7 Communication and Training........................................................................................................12

1.3 Organisational Developments..................................................................................................................13

1.3.1 Scientific Advisory Board ...............................................................................................................13

1.3.2 Supervisory Board.............................................................................................................................14

1.3.3 Infrastructure Plan 2001-2002 ....................................................................................................14

1.4 Perspectives ..................................................................................................................................................14

2 Research Department A: European Societies and Their Integration ................................ 17

Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................17

2.1 Research Area 1: Development of Social Structures in European Societies ..............................22

Educational Expansion and Social Reproduction in Europe ...........................................................22

A Comparative Analysis of Transitions from Education to Work in Europe (CATEWE) ...........25

Socio-economic Development of Self-Employment in Europe......................................................26

The Pluralization of Living Arrangements and Family Forms .........................................................28

Social Structure, Social Security, and the Social Position of the Public Service Sector:European Models and National Case Studies .....................................................................................28

Labour Market Processes and Structural Change: Allocation Dynamics andUnemployment in the US, Swedish and West German Labour Markets .....................................29

Theoretical Construction and Empirical Examination of a Lifestyle Typology ..........................30

Evaluation and Analyses of the LFS 2000 ad hoc Module Data on School-to-WorkTransitions in Europe..................................................................................................................................31

2.2 Research Area 2: Migration, Integration, and Ethnic Conflict.......................................................33

Participation of Immigrants.....................................................................................................................33

Educational Decisions in Immigrant Families .....................................................................................34

Ethnic Cleavages and Social Contexts ..................................................................................................37

Conditions and Processes of Migrants' Structural Assimilation in the GermanSoccer League System ...............................................................................................................................38

2.3 Research Area 3: Family and the Welfare State in Europe .............................................................40

Family Change and Family Policy in Comparative Perspective......................................................40

2.4 Research Area 4: Intermediary Structures and the Welfare State in Europe ............................40

Intermediary Structures and the Welfare State: The Role of the Churches in WesternEurope.............................................................................................................................................................41

The Structure of Social Services: An International Comparison: Local Case Studies inDenmark, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Spain..........................................................42

Social Services in the Welfare State: A Comparison of Great Britain, France, andGermany.........................................................................................................................................................42

Intermediary Structures and the Welfare State: The Consociational Societies inHistorical and Comparative Perspective...............................................................................................43

Historical Data Handbook 'Trade Unions in Western Europe up to 1945'..................................44

The 'Societies of Europe' Series...............................................................................................................44

2.5 Research Area 5: Cultural Foundations of the Market Economy and theWelfare State ...............................................................................................................................................45

The Social Acceptance of the Welfare State.......................................................................................45

Public View on Benefits for the Unemployed .....................................................................................46

2.6 Additional European Level Activity ........................................................................................................47

EURO Summer School "Integration of Sociological Theory and Research" (ISTAR).................47

3 Research Department B: European Political Systems and Their Integration ............... 49

Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................49

3.1 Research Area 1: Participation and Electoral Decisions ..................................................................53

Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy (CID).........................................................................................53

Welfare through Organisations: A Comparative Analysis of British and GermanAssociational Life ........................................................................................................................................54

Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy....................................................................................................56

Targeted Political Socialization...............................................................................................................57

Electoral Competition and Decision Making in Multiparty Systems............................................58

Implications of Institutional Parameters for Electoral Decision-Making inMultiparty Systems.....................................................................................................................................59

European Party Federations: Driving Force of European Integration or Laggard? ...................59

Political Representation and Electoral Behaviour in the European Union (TMR).....................60

Comparative Analysis of Party Platforms for the European Election...........................................61

Political Leaders and Democratic Elections.........................................................................................62

Political Support and Legitimacy in the New Europe.......................................................................63

Mobilisation, Participation and Organisation via new Information andCommunication Technologies (ICTs)......................................................................................................64

3.2 Research Area 2: Governance in Europe ..............................................................................................65

Governance in the European Union.......................................................................................................65

Governance in an Expanded Multi-level System ...............................................................................66

The Europeanization of Interest Intermediation: French Trade Associations inComparative Perspective...........................................................................................................................68

3.3 Research Area 3: Development of a European Regional System ..................................................69

Brussels or Moscow: The Foreign Policy Orientation of Belarus, Poland,the Slovak Republic, and Ukraine in the Post-Communist Processes ofIntegration and Transformation..............................................................................................................70

The Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation vis-à-vis Bulgaria and the Federal Repub-lic of Yugoslavia: Potential for Conflict or Cooperation on the European Periphery?............71

The Management of Integration Processes in the CIS and the Whole of Europe asIntended by Russian Political Actors .....................................................................................................72

How Polish and Czech Political Actors Link Western Integration to Eastern Policies ............73

Strategy Options of International Governance (SiR) ........................................................................74

Strategy Options of International Governance (SiR): NGOs and Good Governance................75

3.4 Research Area 4: Institutionalization of International Negotiation Systems............................76

National Interministerial Co-ordination and International Negotiations: A Modeland Explanation of the Amsterdam Treaty..........................................................................................77

Production and Diffusion of Ideas and International Negotiations (PRODI) .............................78

European Health Policy and national regulation of pharmaceutical markets ..........................79

Organisational structure and the facilitation of argumentative action ininternational negotiation systems .........................................................................................................80

3.5 Research Area 5: Nation-Building in Europe ......................................................................................81

International Management of Conflicts of Ethnic Nationalism in Eastern Europe .................81

The Nationality Policy of Ukraine since 1989 and its Contribution to EthnicConflict Regulation.....................................................................................................................................82

The Relationship between the Czech and Slovak Republics after the Dissolution oftheir Common State...................................................................................................................................83

3.6 Individual Projects in Department B......................................................................................................83

Yearbook of Research on the History of Communism......................................................................83

The Impact of the Comintern on the Western European Party System ......................................84

Cooperation with the Institute for European Studies of the Chinese Academy ofSocial Sciences.............................................................................................................................................86

Parliaments, Representative Government and New Electronic Media Environments:An International Comparison...................................................................................................................87

4 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................................... 89

Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................89

4.1 Research Archive EURODATA....................................................................................................................89

Archive Maintenance, Internal Services and External Collaborations .........................................89

Service Projects (not included in the Fourth Research Programme 1999-2001) .....................93

Official Microdata in Europe: Stocks and Access ..............................................................................93

The Cost of Social Security.......................................................................................................................93

Comparing Regions.....................................................................................................................................94

4.2 Library..............................................................................................................................................................95

Introduction..................................................................................................................................................95

Europe-Library..............................................................................................................................................96

Information Archive on Textual Sources (QUIA) ................................................................................98

4.3 Computer Department............................................................................................................................ 100

Appendix

( Some parts are left out here )

1. MZES staff................................................................................................................................................. A 1

3. Publications 2001 ................................................................................................................................... A 6

4. National and international collaborations ...................................................................................... A 14

5. Visiting professors / scholars ............................................................................................................... A 21

6. Lectures, conferences and workshops............................................................................................... A 22

a) Lectures given by guests and MZES researchers ................................................................... A 22

b) Conferences and workshops........................................................................................................ A 26

7. Mannheim Post-Graduate Programme............................................................................................. A 27

8. Library......................................................................................................................................................... A 28

Tables documenting stock and increase of literature............................................................ A 29-32

5

1 Director's Annual Report 2001

1.1 Introduction

Within twelve years after its founding in1989 the Mannheimer Zentrum für Euro-päische Sozialforschung (MZES) succeeded toobtain a first-rated position in Europeansocial and political research. With some 50ongoing research projects in 2001 and theacquisition of external financial support ofmore than 20 million DM in the last nineyears, the MZES is by far the largest researchinstitute at the University of Mannheim.MZES-researchers initiate and co-ordinatelarge international projects financed by theGerman Science Foundation, the EuropeanUnion, the European Science Foundation,the Volkswagen Foundation, and severalother institutions. The unique collections ofthe MZES research archive EURODATAattract visitors from all over the world.Apparently, the relatively loose and openorganisational framework of the instituteenables the rapid development of high-qual-ity research and the encouragement of inter-national co-operation and exchange in manyareas.

The year 2001 marks the end of the fourthresearch-planning period of three years(1999-2001). After the reorganisation of theinstitute at the start of this planning period,the MZES seems to have entered a newphase recently. The broad acceptance of thereform enabled us to concentrate our activi-ties once again on the further developmentof a wide variety of research projects, publi-cations, meetings, conferences, exchanges,and contacts, which mark the outgrowth ofEuropean research at the MZES in the lastdecade. The further development of project

activities along these lines in the last fewyears resulted in an extraordinary high levelof acquired new external funding. With atotal amount of almost 3.5 million DM in2001, the amount of acquired new fundingin this single year is higher than the acquirednew funding in 1999 and 2000 combined!Besides, a large grant was made available bythe state government of Baden-Württembergin the summer of 2001 to renew the MZEScomputer facilities completely.

Gratefulness and appreciation for the posi-tive expansion of the institute should notlead to self-gratification and contentment.On the contrary: exactly because the insti-tute developed rapidly and applications forexternal support have been extremely suc-cessful, measures are required to guaranteethe continuation and further expansion offirst-rated innovative social and politicalresearch in Mannheim. Because the short-term challenges of the MZES do not seem topresent serious problems at this moment,several opportunities have been used in 2001to discuss the mid- and long-term positionof the institute. At the meetings of both theScientific Advisory Board and of the Super-visory Board structural problems facing theMZES in the next 5-10 years and alternativestrategies to cope with these difficultiesestablished the most important point on therespective agendas (see 1.2.4 and 1.2.5below). These extensive deliberations resultedin several new initiatives in 2001 and formthe basis for the debates, which started inautumn 2001 about the fifths planningphase (2002-2004) and the new researchprogramme for that period.


1.2 Scientific Development

A wide variety of projects form the core ofEuropean research at the MZES. All researchactivities are organised in two departmentsmainly focussing on societal developments(Department A: European Societies and TheirIntegration), and on political developments(Department B: European Political Systemsand Their Integration) respectively. Eachdepartment includes five research areas witha number of different projects varying inscope, size, and duration. These projects areplanned for several years and the instituteusually provides resources for preparing newresearch proposals. Besides, additional sup-port is available for projects, which arealready funded by external sources. The veryhigh amount of successful attempts to raiseexternal funds from various sources can beseen as clear signs of the widespread recog-nition for European research at the MZES.

In 1998 and 1999 several large projectsentered their concluding phase and absorbedlarge parts of the available time and energyof a number of researchers and project lead-ers. As a consequence, preparation and sub-mission of new projects were at moderatelevels in these years. Already in 2000 itbecame clear that the number of new projectsubmissions was increasing, which in turnresulted in a very high level of acquired newexternal support in 2001. Among these newresearch activities are projects on:

– Ethnic borderlines and social contexts;

– The content of party manifestos forEuropean elections;

– Governance in enlarged multi-level sys-tems;

– Strategic options for international gov-ernance;

– Intermediate structures and welfarestates: the role of churches in compara-tive perspective.

Although this massive increase is very sat-isfying, the main focus of mid-term planningactivities should be on the further preventionof the cyclical character of projectdevelopment and especially on the sub-sequent complications with the internal dis-tribution of resources at the institute.

1.2.1 Products and Rewards

Acquiring substantial financial support is notan end but a means to realise high-qualityresearch on the societal, social, and politicaldevelopments in Europe from several per-spectives. In 2001 these activities at theMZES resulted in an impressive list of publi-cations (books, articles, contributions tovolumes, conference papers, and researchpapers). Besides, many MZES researcherswere involved in the organisation and par-ticipation of scientific conferences, work-shops, and other meetings. These productsof European research in Mannheim aresummarised in the introductory sections forthe two research departments (see 2.1 and3.1 below) and – in much more detail – inthe various overviews presented in theappendix of this annual report.

The high quality of the products of Europeanresearch at the MZES is indicated by the factthat many articles appear in first-ratedinternational scientific journals and that agrowing number of books and editedvolumes is published by renowned inter-national academic publishing companies.Extensive review procedures are self-evidentfor these journals and publishers. Profes-

Scientific Development 7

sional awards and acknowledgementsestablish another indicator of the recognitionof the quality of European research at theMZES. These awards included in 2001:

– On May 23 Claudia Diehl obtained theannual Research Award “Migration andIntegration 2001" of the EuropäischenForum für Migrationsstudien at the Uni-versity of Bamberg for her PhD-Disser-tation "Rückzug oder Mobilisierung? ZurLogik und Empirie der Partizipation vonMigranten".

– On February 16 two young scholarsshared the annual Lorenz-von-Stein-Award. Susanne Steinmann received theAward for her PhD-Dissertation "Bildung,Ausbildung und Arbeitsmarktchancen inDeutschland. Eine empirische Unter-suchung zum Wandel der Übergänge vonder Schule in das Erwerbsleben inDeutschland". Peter Kotzian received theAward for his MA-Dissertation "Ideologieals Stabilitätsfaktor und Abstim-mungsdeterminante im amerikanischenKongress".

– The MA-Dissertation "Bildung undsoziale Mobilität in Deutschland. Indu-strielle und historische Ursachen für dieEntwicklung sozialer Mobilität über fünfGeburtskohorten 1920 – 1969" of Rein-hard Pollak was honoured with the"Südwestmetallpreis" of the Metall- undElektroindustrie Baden-Württemberg.

– Hartmut Esser was elected as a memberof the German Academy of ScientistsLeopoldina in Halle and of the EuropeanAcademy of Sociology in Paris.

1.2.2 Fourth Research Programme

The present "Research Programme 1999-2001" is the fourth document of this kindsince the foundation of the MZES. Its com-position reflects the organisational structureof the institute and the information for thecurrent annual report is arranged in accor-dance with the structure of this fourthresearch programme. In this way, compari-sons and cross-references can be made easilyfor each project and the progress and modi-fications realised in 2001 can be noticed in astraightforward way.

The opportunity to modify our mid-termresearch planning on a regular basis provedto be an excellent way to regulate actualdevelopments and to modify ongoingresearch continuously in a systematic way.The Executive Board used this option for thefirst time in early 2000 and continued thispractice in a somewhat more restricted wayin 2001. Modifications of ongoing researchactivities – even minor or trivial modifica-tions – are only accepted on the basis of theprocedure laid out in the MZES-Constitution.In this way, the realisation of mid-termresearch planning goals is emphasised with-out losing the opportunities to modify spe-cific projects on the basis of their actualdevelopment.

The Executive Board discussed the conse-quences and the integration of a number ofmodifications of ongoing research activitiesand most proposals were presented at themeeting of the Scientific Advisory Board inFebruary 2001. On the basis of those discus-sions, the Executive Board decided torecommend several modifications of thefourth research programme to the Super-visory Board. This last Board accepted the


proposed modifications unrestrictedly at itsmeeting in March 2001.

1.2.3 Project Development andFinancial Support

Attempts to acquire external funds for newprojects appeared to be very successful. In2001 the total amount of external supportfor new projects is about 3.5 million DM. Inthe last nine years a total amount of 20.2million DM has been acquired, resulting inan annual average of 2.2 million DM. Com-pared with the average figure for the lastnine years the actual acquired new fundingin 2001 lies about 52 percent above thataverage! As usual, financial support for thevarious ongoing projects is summarised inthe appendix of this annual report.

As can be seen in the graphical presentationof the total amount of newly acquired exter-nal funding between 1993 and 2001 the

volume of support fluctuates considerably.The peak levels of 1995 and 1998 – 3,487and 2,399 TDM respectively – are followedby declining amounts of external funding insubsequent years. The results for 2001 con-firm this pattern in an impressive way: thetotal amount of newly acquired externalfunding in this year is higher than the com-bined new funding for 1999 and 2000! Thisrise-and-decline pattern suggests that rela-tively low levels of external support in someyears are a direct consequence of our suc-cesses in the past. It is impossible – andundesirable – to replicate the acquisition ofextraordinary large projects annually. On theother hand, it is clear that relatively highlevels of external support are obtained in athree years cycle. After two years of moremodest levels of external funding the num-ber of new project submissions accumulateand the amount of acquired new fundingrises sharply.


A total of thirteen project proposals havebeen successfully submitted in 2001 (com-pared to eight in 2000). Of the new projectstwo are funded by the Volkswagen Foun-dation, one by the Thyssen Foundation, andone by Eurostat. The German ResearchFoundation (DFG) usually is the main sourcefor external funding of our research activitiesand in 2001 nine projects are supported inthis way. In terms of the volume of thefinancial support acquired the prominent

position of the DFG can be traced easily inthe second graphical presentation. In 2001about three-quarters of our newly acquiredexternal funding comes from the DFG,whereas the corresponding figure for 2000was much lower (51%). The volume of sup-port by the Volkswagen Foundation showsan even sharper relative reduction (from 34%to 16%). The share of the Thyssen Foun-dation remains more or less stable (7% and6%).

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

Acquired New External Funding 1993-2001(in DM)

total 1913100 1325400 3486900 2387400 1879605 2398601 1681752 1676162 3413155

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

whole period : DM 20,162,075 annual average: DM 2,240,230


1.2.4 Challenges and Strategies

Although the number of successful appli-cations for external funding increased con-tinuously, several long-term problemsbecame evident during the discussions aboutthe future challenges for the institute. In the

next 6-7 years most of the senior projectleaders will retire and measures are requiredto guarantee a smooth transition. This gen-erational shift is added to the commonproblems of keeping the level of newlyacquired funding at a high level. Theseproblems cannot be solved by simple redi-

Sources of Acquired New External Funding 2000(in percentages of funding)

VW Foundation34%

Thyssen Foundation7%

Fed. Ministry of theInterior (BMI)

8%

German ResearchFoundation (DFG)

51%

Sources of Acquired New External Funding 2001(in percentages of funding)

VW Foundation16%

Thyssen Foundation6%

Eurostat3%

German ResearchFoundation (DFG)

75%


rections of resources and by improvementsof decision-making procedures. Therefore,the Executive Board initiated a broad dis-cussion at the institute about the long-termperspectives and available options. It shouldbe noted, however, that none of theseproblems are caused by a decline or anexpected decline in the quality of Europeanresearch at the MZES.

The general development and future chal-lenges of the MZES established the maintopic at the meeting of the Scientific Advi-sory Board in early 2001. At this meeting thepresent position of the institute was evalu-ated on the basis of a discussion paperprepared by the Executive Board (“Mid-termProblems, Long-term Strategies, Short-termDecisions” ). Evidently, the institute facesserious challenges in the next two planningperiods (2002-2004 and 2005-2007) andmeasures are required to continue first-rankEuropean research in Mannheim. The discus-sions focussed on the following questions:

a) How to obtain long-term planning secu-rity for the continuation of (basicallyexternally funded) European research atthe MZES?

b) How to organise the succession of seniorproject leaders who retire in the next 5-6years?

c) How to adjust the fixed resources of theinstitute – especially support provided bythe infrastructure – to the pluralisticorientation of research, stimulated, lastbut not least, by the rule of acquiringexternal funding?

d) How to obtain a more evenly distributedworkload for Research Department lead-ers and other faculty members?

e) How to improve the cohesion of researchactivities and to cover ‘white spots’?

f) How to improve the position of theinstitute?

The Advisory Board summarised its opinionon these questions in an extensive document(“Opinion of the MZES Scientific AdvisoryBoard following from its meeting with theMZES Executive Board and research staff,February 23-24, 2001” ). Its main conclusionis that the MZES should not – as theExecutive Board proposed – try to develop aSpecial Research Area (“DFG-Sonderfor-schungsbereich” ) to cope with the upcomingproblems without broadening the initiativeand transform it into a project of the Uni-versity of Mannheim. Instead, the introduc-tion of several specific measures are recom-mended in order to strengthen the positionof the institute and to prepare the institutefor the generational change among the proj-ect leaders in the near future. After dis-cussing these suggestions the ExecutiveBoard accepted a number of the proposalsand redirected its long-term policies. Forinstance the start of a MZES-FellowshipProgramme in 2001 was directly based onthese deliberations.

1.2.5 Young Scholars Initiative

In 2000 the MZES started a young scholarsinitiative in order to deal with the discrep-ancies between the skills and knowledgerequired to develop new research projects onthe one hand and the experience offered byyoung people starting to work on their doc-toral dissertation on the other. A grant andsupport programme for young scholars whowant to write their dissertation in close


connection to one of the existing MZES-research projects has been made availablesince summer 2000.

In an attempt to open this programme foryoung scholars and to improve the “visibil-ity” of social and political research in Mann-heim, an ad has been published in Die Zeit inApril 2001. About 25 applicants indicatedtheir interest for this support and submittedresearch proposals. Regrettably, most ofthese proposals dealt with topics that hadvirtually no connections with the ongoingprojects at the institute or showed seriousmethodological deficiencies. In spite of theseproblems, two excellent young scholarsreceived a grant and started their work at theMZES in 2001. These young scholars are:

– Anna Jezela, project ”Gender differencesin social and political participation”

– Dirk Leuffen, project “Does Cohabitationmatter? French European policy-makingin the context of divided government”

In the last months of 2001 the ExecutiveBoard discussed several new proposals forthe support of young scholars. On January 1,2002 two additional projects start:

– Silke Hamann, project “Attitudes toredistributions and the social acceptanceof benefits for the unemployed”

– Stefan Seidendorf, project “Europeani-sation of national identities?”

Less than two years after its launch theyoung scholars appeared to be an attractiveinstrument to support new research initia-tives and to broaden the scope of ourresearch. The efforts will be continued in thenext few years in order to assure a continu-ous integration of young scholars in ouractivities.

1.2.6 Fellowships

In order to stimulate further exchange andcollaboration, and to open the MZES forcolleagues from other institutes the Execu-tive Board followed the recommendations ofthe Scientific Advisory Board to introduceMZES-Fellowships. Two basic variants aredeveloped. In the first one an establishedscholar is invited to work at the institute for1-1.5 years to stimulate innovative researchin specific areas that are not well covered bythe present staff. A second variant offersestablished scholars the opportunity to par-ticipate in the long-term research activitiesof the MZES by visiting the institute twice ayear for a short period (about three weeks).

The Executive Board discussed these plans atseveral meetings during the summer of 2001and invited all project leaders to submitproposals for MZES-Fellowships. On thebasis of these suggestions Thomas Poguntke(University of Keele, UK) was offered a fel-lowship of the second variant. ProfessorPoguntke – a well-known expert on politicalparties in Europe – has been working at theMZES in the past and contributed alreadyconsiderably to the development of theproject “European party federations: Drivingforce of European integration or laggard?” .In December 2001 professor Poguntke stayedat the institute for three weeks and he willreturn to Mannheim regularly in the nextthree years.

1.2.7 Communication and Training

Communication and the exchange of ideastake place in workshops, informal meetings,presentations, and conferences. Besides,guest scholars are invited to work for some-

Organisational Developments 13

time at the institute or to deliver a lecture.These activities stimulate contacts bothamong people at the institute and amongresearchers working at the MZES and col-leagues from other institutes. As usual, alarge number of these kinds of meetings andlectures took place in 2001. One of the larg-est and most important meetings certainlywas the international conference of theResearch Committee on Social Stratificationof the International Sociological Associationthat took place from April 26 to 28 at theMZES, organised by Walter Müller and hiscollaborators. Concise overviews of meetingsand lectures at the institute are presented inthe introductory sections of Chapter 2 and 3.An extensive overview of these contacts isincluded in the appendix of this annualreport.

Internal communication and training wasespecially stimulated by two workshopsorganised for MZES employees in order todiscuss the opportunities to use newapproaches and techniques for analysingdata. From November 12-14 Ulrich Kohlercarried out such a workshop on “DataAnalysis with STATA” and Fabrice Laratorganised a workshop on “Content Analysis”on December 13-14. At this last workshop J.Kleinnijenhuis (Amsterdam), O. Angelluci(Frankfurt), and C. Zuell (ZUMA, Mannheim)informed the participants about thedevelopments in this area.

As a means to improve external communi-cation and to increase the “visibility” of theinstitute the General Manager produced acolourful brochure with easy accessibleinformation about European social andpolitical research at the MZES. A large num-ber of journalists, press agencies, members ofGerman state parliaments, and other officials

and representatives received copies of thisbrochure in summer 2001.

1.3 Organisational Developments

After the implementation of the new Con-stitution and its consequences had beenrealised in 1999 and 2000 the organisationaldevelopments in 2001 mainly consisted of acontinuation along those lines. Among thenew initiatives the introduction of MZES-Fellowships can be mentioned.

1.3.1 Scientific Advisory Board

The Scientific Advisory Board of the MZESmet to discuss the modifications of thefourth research programme and long-termplanning strategies on February 23-24, 2001.As indicated above, the Board summarised itsopinion and recommendations in anextensive document, which has been used asthe bases to redirect the long-term policiesof the institute.

At the meeting of the Scientific AdvisoryBoard in February 2001 Egbert Jahn and hiscollaborators presented results from theirresearch on social and political change inEast and Central Europe. The Advisory Boarddiscussed these research activities and theintegration of these projects into the mid-term MZES research planning extensively.The Board acknowledged that the “EasternEnlargement” is a great challenge for Euro-pean integration, and that the question of"alternative" modes of Eastern compared toWestern integration – if centrally and ambi-tiously posed – could provide an interestingintellectual focus. The presented projectsseem to contribute to this goal only partly


and the Board formulated several sugges-tions to improve this situation.

The terms of Helen Wallace and RobertErikson as members of the Board ended inDecember 2001. A proposal to reappointRobert Erikson for a new three-year term(2002-04) was accepted by the ExecutiveBoard and ratified by the Senate of the Uni-versity in autumn 2001. Professor Wallacehas been on the board for three successiveterms and the MZES-Constitution does notallow reappointment in this situation. Afterdiscussing several successors for the vacantposition of Helen Wallace the Executiveboard approached Johan Olsen (Oslo) in thesummer of 2001. Professor Olsen acceptedour invitation to become a member of theMZES Scientific Advisory Board and wasappointed for a three-year term (2002-04) bythe Senate of the University in autumn 2001.

1.3.2 Supervisory Board

The Supervisory Board of the MZES met onMarch 19, 2001. This meeting was addressedto discussions about the modifications of the"Fourth Research Programme 1999-2001"and to the various aspects of the annualbudget. The Board accepted the realisationof the budget 2000 and reached agreementabout the proposed budget 2001. Inaddition, the Supervisory Board discussed themid-term strategic options for the instituteand the recommendations of the ScientificAdvisory Board on this matter. The Boardunderlined the conclusions presented by theScientific Advisory Board (see 1.2.4).

The Supervisory did not meet for a secondtime in 2001 due to the fact that generalguidelines for decision making had been

explicitly formulated at the meeting in Marchand no new policy decisions were required.

1.3.3 Infrastructure Plan 2001-2002

The General Manager presented an updatedand modified version of the MZES-Infra-structure plan in the meetings of the Execu-tive Boards in late summer this year. Theannual Infrastructure Plan emphasises theclose connection between ongoing Europeanresearch at the institute on the one hand andthe collection of information and varioustypes of support on the other. The new plancovers the period 2001 until June 2002. Thisperiod is selected in order to provide trans-parency for the members of our staff and tooffer opportunities to attune their activitiesto the fifth research programme that will beavailable by mid-2002. As usual, the resultsof activities by the infrastructure are docu-mented in several tables and overviewsincluded in the appendix of this annualreport.

The Executive Board accepted the "Infra-structure Plan 2000-2001" at its meeting onOctober 15, 2001. It will be presented at thenext meeting of the Supervisory Board inspring 2002.

1.4 Perspectives

The present structure of the MZES enabled avery rapid and very successful expansionwithin one decade. After the conclusion ofthe organisational reform in 1999, the insti-tute should now face its chances and chal-lenges for the next ten years. What is espe-cially needed, is a strategy to achieve a

Perspectives 15

higher degree of substantive integration ofresearch activities than has been accom-plished in the past few years. The presentthree-year planning period ends in December2001 and the next planning documentshould be designed on the basis of recog-nition of long-term problems. The majorgoals to be pursued in the period 1999-2001are summarised in the "Fourth ResearchProgramme 1999-2001" of the MZES. Dothe activities undertaken in 2001 support thefour goals stated for the whole planningperiod?

Goal 1: Consolidation and improvement ofthe position held by the MZES in interna-tional European Research:

In its first decade of existence the MZESsucceeded to obtain first-rank positions inmany areas. Most research groups based atthe institute hold leading positions in Euro-pean social research, and the amount ofexternal support and the number of largeconferences indicate the recognition theMZES received from the scientific commu-nity. It should be noted, however, that spe-cific research groups obtain these leadingpositions and that these groups or research-ers – and not the MZES as an institute –receive the recognition mentioned. Conse-quently, the MZES remains relatively ‘invisi-ble’. Although this observation seems toapply especially to the German situation andmuch less to the European position of theMZES, the lack of profile endangers theposition of the MZES and does not contrib-ute to the further expansion of researchactivities. The problem is that even a col-lection of top-quality projects does notautomatically imply a top-quality institute.Further activities to strengthen the strong

position of the institute in European socialand political research are required along thelines suggested by the Scientific AdvisoryBoard.

Goal 2: Further integration of researchactivities:

Social scientific research flourishes best in anenvironment where experts basically definetheir own tasks and choose approaches theyconsider most promising and fruitful. Yet, atleast some integration of different projectsand research areas is required to contributeto the general goal of the MZES to stimulatethe relationships between comparativeresearch and research on European integra-tion. The three-year MZES Research Pro-grammes provide the basis for the integra-tion of different research activities and theconstitution explicitly mentions the devel-opment of these Programmes as a task ofthe Executive Board and the Director. Inspite of the unambiguous rules for acceptingand integrating research projects it remainsvery difficult to insist on a coherent pro-gramme. Research proposals are usually pre-sented without further communication,mainly because it is part of the philosophy ofthe MZES that the funding institution willexecute the evaluation. The “Fourth ResearchProgramme” defined a total of ten newresearch areas, which can be seen as a firststep into the direction of further integrationof research activities at the institute. Basedon the experiences with this document thedevelopment of the forthcoming fifth pro-gramme offers the opportunity to increasethe internal coherence of our research for thenext three years.


Goal 3: Intensification of international andinterdisciplinary co-operation:

Just as in previous years, the overview ofactivities summarised in this annual reportunderline the broad international orientationof the institute. Several internationalconferences and workshops – the meeting ofthe International Sociological Association hasalready been mentioned – took place inMannheim, and at a large number of meet-ings all over the world MZES-researcherspresented their findings and were activelyengaged in organising professional gather-

ings. Interdisciplinary co-operation is mostvisible in the activities of the DFG Group ofResearchers (DFG-Forschergruppe), wherescholars from the fields of political science,international relations, economics, and lawclosely co-operate in their study of decision-making processes.

Goal 4: Implementation of the new work andadministrative structure:

This goal has been reached by the end of1999 as planned.

17

2 Research Department A:European Societies and Their Integration

Introduction

Research in Department A focuses on thecultural, social, economic, and welfare-state-based foundations of conditions of life inEuropean societies. It studies their variationin different countries of Europe and analysestheir convergent or divergent developmentsin order to understand the progress andpotential strains in the process of Europeanintegration.

Conditions of life are assumed to be largelyshaped by the results of economic markets,by the regulatory and redistributive actionsand interventions of the state, by the sup-port and exchange relationships within fami-lies, households or other units of partnership,and finally by intermediary social asso-ciations and organisations such as the tradeunions, churches or other welfare producingagencies. To a smaller or larger extent allthese core elements in the generation ofconditions of life and welfare are understudy in various projects. Research, however,concentrate on how changing social struc-tures and the transformation of welfare stateinstitutions and policies affect conditions oflife. Particular emphasis is also given to theimpact these changes have for the degree ofsocial inequality and the social and culturaldifferentiation in European societies. Thelatter notably is true for the studies of theconsequences of mass immigration for thesocial integration of migrants, for interethnicconflicts and for the relationships betweenhost countries and countries of origin.

The two main topics – social structuralchange and welfare state development – areclosely linked because neither of them can bereally understood without the other. On theone side, welfare state institutions have beeninvented in reaction, at least partly, to socialproblems and conflicts rooted in given socialstructures. Their present reforms andtransformations are to a large extent aresponse to new social strains emerging fromchanging social structures: for instance, fromthe demographic transformations andpopulation ageing, from unemployment, orfrom growing numbers of single parentfamilies. On the other side, welfare stateinstitutions and their change strongly impacton the social structures and their develop-ment.

More specifically, some 20 projects studyselected elements of the broader researchfield in the following five areas:

1. Development of Social Structures in Euro-pean Societies;

2. Migration, Integration, and Ethnic Con-flict;

3. Family and the Welfare State in Europe;

4. Intermediary Structures and the WelfareState in Europe;

5. Cultural Foundations of the Market Econ-omy and the Welfare State

The studies relating to the social structuresand their evolution in European Societiesprimarily analyse the developments of thetwo systems that possibly have the strongestimpact for producing social differentiation in

18 Research Department A: European Societies and Their Integration

life chances and inequality in modernsocieties: education and labour markets. Howare these systems structured and related toeach other in the different countries ofEurope? What are the effects on social dif-ferentiation of the institutional reforms ofeducational systems and of increasing edu-cational participation? How are the occupa-tional structures, the characteristics of jobsand of work careers being transformed in thedevelopment towards more service andknowledge based economies and under themarket pressures towards increasingemployment flexibility? How is the economicand political strength and the social standingof particular employment groups such as theself-employed or civil servants changingunder these conditions? What is the effect ofthe various transformations on life chancesand on the extent and nature of socialinequalities? How do inequalities evolve inthe continued process of social change andhow and why do countries in Europe vary inthese respects? Another important issue ishow individuals organise and arrange theirlife and life courses in families, householdsand other forms of cohabitation and how thesharing of resources in the chosen livingarrangements in turn affects conditions oflife and life styles.

In view of the recent growth of immigrationand its strong impact for social inequality,segmentation and cohesion in almost allsocieties of Western Europe the research areaon “Migration, Integration and Ethnic Con-flict” is of eminent theoretical and practicalsignificance. The ongoing projects addressthe recent changes in the migration patternsand its consequences for social integrationand the processes of ethnic and culturaldifferentiation. Several of them study themigrant’s integration in the host society by

analysing their participation and differentialsuccess in several social arenas: in education,in political and social associations and clubs,as well as in the field of professionalcompetitive sports. Actions and reactions ofthe native population are also studied, inparticular concerning manifestations ofsocial distance in attitudes and behaviourtowards ethnic minorities and the socialembeddedness of such manifestations insocial networks and primary groups.

Research on welfare state development in theMannheim Centre is guided by two distinctapproaches. The projects in areas 3 and 4continue the historical-comparative traditionof macrosociological welfare state research.They attempt to understand the presentstructure of welfare state institutions inEuropean countries and the variationbetween countries from their historical rootsand from the social forces which haveaffected their continued transformation. Inthis perspective several projects (in area 3)study welfare state developments with aparticular focus on policies related to thefamily and their consequences for familydevelopment. Other projects (in area 4) ana-lyse the role of intermediary institutionswhich to a greater or lesser extent havecompeted and still compete with the welfarestate in providing social security, care andsocial services. At present research here con-centrates on the role of the churches in vari-ous countries as providers of social services,but also includes investigations of otherintermediary organisations and local institu-tions.

The projects in area 5, in contrast, attemptto understand the cultural foundation andnormative legitimation of the market econ-omy and the welfare states. They thus are

Introduction 19

concerned with the recent public debatesabout the content of and the conflictsbetween the normative principles on whichthe market economy and the welfare statecan draw. The concrete studies analyse theideas actors hold on social solidarity andjustice and empirically investigate thegrounds on which actors accept or refute theallocation of benefits in various welfare stateprograms.

In all these areas research, in principle, iscomparative. The projects involve the com-parison of larger or smaller sets of (mostly)European countries and the analysis of theirdevelopment in shorter or longer periods oftime. Most of the projects which are underway already have this comparative orienta-tion; the few projects that do not at themoment, have committed themselves tomove into comparative designs once theyhave elaborated and tested in more limitedcontexts the theoretical models and empiricalprocedures to be used, or once they haveexplored the issues to be studied in exem-plary projects on a smaller scale. The centralaims are to describe and explain the similari-ties and differences between Europeancountries and to examine their convergenceor divergence in the process of social changeand European integration.

During 2001 research in Department A to alarge extent has progressed according thelines indicated in the research plan for 1999-2001. As this planning period reached itsthird year, it is natural that several projectscame to their end and that new projects havebeen initiated that were not anticipatedwhen the plans were made. Partly new proj-ects emerged as a natural extension or followup from earlier projects; partly new projectshave been started because department

members did win the tender in calls forproject proposals in one of the departmentsmain research areas.

Among the projects that have been con-cluded are:

– “CATEWE: A Comparative Analysis oftransition from Education to Work inEurope” . This project financed out of theEU-forth framework program has deliv-ered its final report. At present the finalversions of manuscripts are being pre-pared for a volume to appear with OxfordUniversity Press in 2002.

– “Labour market processes and StructuralChange: Allocation Dynamics and Unem-ployment in the US, Swedish and West-German Labour Markets” has been con-cluded with an excellent dissertationdelivered by Markus Gangl. Several jour-nal article out of the dissertation are inpreparation and most likely the disser-tation will also appear as a book with anEnglish publisher.

– “Participation of immigrants” . This proj-ect has ended with the publication ofseveral articles on the substantive find-ings on migrants’ participation patternsand on methodological issues related tosurveying migrants. A book manuscripthas also been finalised an will appear in2002.

– “Family Change and Family Policy inComparative Perspective” . With theconclusion of this project the last ofseveral projects in the area of “Familyand the Welfare State in Europe” hasbeen completed. The encompassingfamily policy data base developed in thisproject has been published as CD-ROM.Country studies on family policy in most


European countries have been completedand are now edited for publication invarious volumes.

– During the year the department has beenquite successful in obtaining grants fornew projects. In fact, in most of the mainresearch areas of the department newprojects have been launched or receivedoutside grants. Among these projects are:

– “Social Structure, Social Security, and theSocial Position of the Public-ServiceSector: European Models and NationalCase Studies” . The project receivedfunding from the Thyssen foundationand can now be carried out as originallyplanned.

– The new project “Evaluation and analysesof the LFS2000 ad hoc module data onschool-to work transitions in Europe”extends research earlier done in theCATEWE-project on the grounds of amore recent and more adequate Euro-pean database. It is financed by a con-tract with EUROSTAT.

– In the research area “Migration, Inte-gration, and Ethnic Conflict” the corestudy for the project on “Ethnic Cleav-ages and Social Context” has beenapproved by the Volkswagen Foundation.

– The approval of a grant for the project“The role of the churches in WesternEurope” has allowed to start empiricalwork in the research area “ IntermediaryStructures and the Welfare State” .Another proposal on the “Structure ofSocial Services in selected countries ofEurope” is under review.

Also in terms of publication researchers inthe Department have been active. A largemanuscript for the third volume of the

"Societies of Europe" series, accompanied bya CD-ROM on “The European Population”has been delivered to the publisher. Volumeand CD-ROM will appear in spring 2002.

From the 1999 MZES workshop on "Self-employment in Advanced Economies" aseries of articles has been published in fourconsecutive special issues of the Interna-tional Journal of Sociology, edited by therespective project members. The last twoissues appeared in spring and summer 2001.

Besides, several other books and researcharticles have appeared. In numbers, the fol-lowing is the year 2001 publication output:

– 5 books (4 monographs, 1 edited vol-ume),

– about 12 articles in peer reviewed jour-nals,

– about 20 articles in other journals oredited volumes,

– 5 articles in research reports or workingpapers.

In 2001 the Department has also continuedto play an active role in organising exchangeand co-operation inside and outside theMannheim Centre by means of seminars,workshops, conferences and training pro-grammes organised by members of theDepartment. MZES-researchers have givenmore than 20 presentations to national and(mainly) international conferences and semi-nars. At the MZES the Department hascontinued its regular Department colloquiumwith presentations by Department membersand visiting scholars. Beside these the fol-lowing conferences or workshops organisedor chaired by Department members havetaken place:

– Conference of the Research Committee28 – Social Stratification – of the Inter-

Introduction 21

national Sociological Association:“Expanding Markets, Welfare State Re-trenchment and their Impact on SocialStratification” . This conference was orga-nised by Walter Müller and StefaniScherer and brought more than 100 par-ticipants from all over the world to theMZES, including the most reputedresearchers in the field of social stratifi-cation studies. Over three days more than80 research papers have been intensivelydiscussed in plenary sessions and workinggroups, most of them on topics directlyrelated to research of the Department.Several department members have pre-sented their own work.

– Workshop: “Self-Employment in Advan-ced Economies IV” ; convenors: WalterMüller, Henning Lohmann and SilviaLuber.

– A Workshop “Evaluation of the LFS 2000ad hoc module on school-to-work-tran-sitions in Europe” with participants fromGermany, Luxembourg, Ireland, the Neth-erlands and the UK was convened byIrena Kogan and Walter Müller. It hasdiscussed the first results of the evalua-tion of the new European Data base onschool-to-work-transitions and plannedthe further co-ordinated analyses of thisdata.

– ECSR-Workshop: “Family Policy in Eu-rope” ; convenors: Thomas Bahle andAnne H. Gauthier.

(For further details see Appendix 6 of thisannual report).

Future international conferences havealready been initiated. Johannes Berger hasprepared the programme and obtained fundsfor a EURESCO-conference on “Loss of the

Moral Bond?” The conference will take placein 2002 in the series “European Societies orEuropean Society?” featured by the Euro-pean Consortium for Sociological Research.

In 2001 several members of the Departmenthave contributed to Governmental Commis-sions. Hartmut Esser has delivered an expertpaper on “ Integration and ethnic stratifica-tion” for the Immigration Commission of theFederal Minister of Internal Affairs. WalterMüller has been active as a member of theCommission of the German Federal Ministerof Research and Education for Improving theInfrastructure for Social Research and theCo-operation with the Statistical Agenciesand has been co-author and co-editor of theCommission report. Franz Kraus fromEurodata has also contributed to thiscommission by delivering expert papers onData Access and Data Availability in variousCountries of Europe.

Members of the Department have also con-tinued to be involved in various professionalservices in the national and internationalresearch community, e.g.

– in peer review procedures of the GermanResearch Foundation and other nationaland international review committees;

– in editorial or advisory boards of nationaland international journals or researchinstitutions;

– as member in the Founding Committeefor the Council for Social and EconomicData, established by the German FederalMinister for Science and Research; and inthe Board of the German Statistical Office

– chairing the European Consortium forSociological Research.


2.1 Research Area 1: Development ofSocial Structures in EuropeanSocieties

Education, work and incomes, the livingarrangements in families, partnerships andsocial networks, and the provisions of thewelfare state are the most lasting deter-minants of life chances of individuals inmodern societies. The projects study howand why these elements are interrelated, howthey have changed in the economic andsocial developments of the last decades andhow and why the European societies stilldiffer in these respects.

Educational Expansion and SocialReproduction in Europe

Director: Walter Müller

Researchers: Stefani Scherer,Anna Kim,Reinhard Pollak

Funding: DFG, MZES

Duration: 1996 to 2002

Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: This project exam-ines the possibilities for utilising educationand training in the labour market and theintergenerational reproduction of socialinequalities. Against the background of themassive expansion of participation in educa-tion and extensive structural changes in thelabour market, this project deals with thechanging role of education for access tooccupational positions and the mechanismsat work. A related question is what conse-quences this has for structures of socialinequality, particularly between social classes,status groups, and gender.

Data: Labour Force Surveys and Panel-Data

Geographic space: Western Europe

Project activities in 2001:

The project has investigated various aspectsof its general problematic through cross-national comparative analyses, in whichdepending on the substantive issue and dataavailability different countries have beenstrategically selected for study:

(1) Career dynamics: Reaching positions inthe labour market is a dynamic processevolving over time in individual careercourses. Focusing on these dynamics inItaly, Germany and Great Britain wefound substantial variation in the waythe transition from school to work takesplace and the early careers perform.While British and German school leaversfind a job rather quickly after leavingthe educational system, entry in Italy ischaracterised by a long wait, afterwhich, however, the assignment to thejob obtained is highly stable. Far moremobility between jobs is observed inGermany and Great Britain, with thesemobility flows, however, being stronglystructured by existing occupational andclass barriers. In the British case thehigher insecurity of early careers isstriking. Individual education is a keyelement in securing not only a good jobbut also a stable career in all threecountries. Not converting the educa-tional resource into job positions right atthe beginning of the career, providessubstantial disadvantages for the sub-sequent career positions. Most chancesto catch up initial disadvantages exist inthe UK. For a special study to under-stand the heterogeneity within countrieswe have selected Italy, where the issuecan be expected to be especially rele-

Research Area 1: Development of Social Structures in European Societies 23

vant. Although the overall national pat-tern of labour market integrationremains visible also in the regional divi-sions, considerable variation between thenorth and the south of Italy persist, withthe north being partly closer to theBritish model.

(2) Precarious employment: In recent yearsfirms have attempted to achieve moreemployment flexibility, facilitated bygovernmental interventions to deregu-late the labour market. Comparing Ger-many and the United Kingdom, this partof project has investigated how nationalinstitutions of education, labour marketregulation and welfare system haveinfluenced the emergence and develop-ment of precarious employment, andfurther whether educational qualifica-tions can shield employees from insecurejobs. The analyses show that the pre-cariousness of jobs should be consideredas consisting of various dimensions ofinsecurity - temporal, economic, andwelfare -. At first sight the prevalence ofprecarious employment is surprisinglylow both in Germany and the UK, butaccording to types of precariousemployment the prevalence and genderbias turn out to be different betweenthe countries. On the whole, genderdifferences in precarious work are moreprevalent in the UK than in Germany,contrary to the assumption, that themore deregulated labour market in theUK and the more widespread male-breadwinner model in Germany wouldhave led to lower precariousness ofwomen's employment in the UK. Educa-tional qualifications, especially vocation-ally oriented ones, have, as expected, inboth countries a positive effect in pro-

tecting employees from insecure jobs.This effect is stronger in Germany. Forthe UK, it is the level of general educa-tion that is more important in protecting(in particular women) from marginalpart-time work rather than the posses-sion of an occupational qualification.

(3) In a special study the project has exam-ined the consequences of educationalexpansion for the returns to tertiaryeducation: For this study we haveselected Germany, France and theUnited Kingdom. These countries varysubstantially in their institutionalarrangements of tertiary education, andtheir models represent the most impor-tant types in Europe. The analyses haveshown, that the three countries differconsiderably in the extent to which vari-ous forms of tertiary qualifications affectaccess into advantageous class positions.The French system with its series of suc-cessive cycles and strong hierarchicalorganisation structures most clearlyaccess to service class positions. The UKsystem has the lowest signalling capacityof the three countries. Germany holds anintermediate position between Franceand the UK. In detail, the factorsresponsible for these differences havebeen studied. In the course of expansionof tertiary education, in all countrieseducational expansion did lead to aslight decline in absolute returns totertiary education by way of limited dis-placement of labour market entrantswith lower levels of education. Returnsto the highest qualifications have beenaffected the least. Relative returns, how-ever, remained highly constant overtime. Only in Germany, labour marketoutcomes of different kinds of tertiary


qualifications have changed considerablyas in more recent years labour marketprospects of graduates from the Fach-hochschule are increasingly similar tothose of university graduates. The resultsprovide important insights for the pres-ent political debates about the reformsof the system of tertiary education. (4)Social Mobility: This part of project,finally brings together the developmentsin the social inequality of educationalparticipation and the returns of educa-tion on the labour market by the studyof the development of intergenerationalsocial mobility. We have contributed thestudy of the West-German case to alarge scale comparative project co-ordi-nated by Richard Breen. The main resultof the study is that in the 20th century,in particular for the cohorts who wentthrough the schools in the second halfof the century, social immobilitydeclined and social fluidity increased.Increasing social mobility is found toresult mainly from declining educationalinequalities. Almost all of the increase insocial fluidity is mediated through edu-cation. However, the cross-nationalcomparison of these findings revealsthat Germany is still among the coun-tries with a highly restrictive andunequal mobility regime if compared toother Western and Central Europeansocieties.

Conference participation:

21 November 2001, Bundesministerium fürBildung und Forschung, Wege zu einerbesseren informationellen Infrastruktur, Ber-lin. Participant: Walter Müller, Co-organisation.

19 November 2001, A.I.E.L. (Association ofItalian Labour Economists) Congress ‘Qualityof the Educational Formation and LabourMarket Outcomes’, Università Cattolica delSacro Cuore, Milan. Participant: StefaniScherer. Presentation: "Logical and Rational?Strategic behaviour of job seekers at thetransition from school to work: a comparisonof North and South Italy (with PaoloBarbieri)".

9 November 2001, Research Seminar of theDepartment of Sociology and Social Re-search, University Milan-Bicocca. Participant:Walter Müller. Presentation: "Educationalexpansion and returns to tertiary quali-fications in France, Germany and the UK".

6 - 9 October 2001, EURESCO (ESF)Conference: 'European Societies or EuropeanSociety? Euro Conference on European Wel-fare States and Changing Life Courses', Kerk-rade, The Netherlands . Participant: StefaniScherer. Presentation: "Labour Market Entryand Early Career mobility in Germany, GreatBritain and Italy".

13- 16 August 2001, ISA-RC28 (ResearchCommittee on Social Stratification) 'StatusPassages and Risks in the Life Course' , Ber-keley, CA. Participant: Reinhard Pollak.Presentation: "Social Mobility in West Ger-many: The long arms of history discovered?(with Walter Müller)".

13- 16 August 2001, ISA-RC28 (ResearchCommittee on Social Stratification)Conference: 'Local and Global Inequalities',Berkeley, CA. Participant: Stefani Scherer.Presentation: "Traps or Stepping Stones: theimpact of the first Job on the further careerchances".

28 August – 1 September 2001, The 5thConference of the European Sociological


Association, Research Network: Gender Rela-tions, The Labour Market and The WelfareState, Helsinki. Participant: Anna Kim.Presentation: "Precarious Employment,Education and Gender: A Comparison ofGermany and the United Kingdom (withKarin Kurz)".

28 August – 1 September 2001, The 5thConference of the European SociologicalAssociation, Research Network: Education inEurope, Helsinki. Participant: Anna Kim.Presentation: "Returns to Tertiary Educationand Gender Differences in the Labour Market(with Ki-Wan Kim)".

26 - 28 April 2001, ISA-RC28 (ResearchCommittee on Social Stratification) Confer-ence: Expanding markets, welfare stateretrenchment and their impact on socialstratification, MZES, Mannheim, Germany.Participant: Anna Kim. Presentation: "Socio-Economic Status and the Role of Kinship inSocial Networks".

23 January 2001, Research Colloquium ofthe Institute for Sociology, Freie UniversitätBerlin, Berlin. Participant: Stefani Scherer.Presentation: "Labour Market EntryProcesses in Germany. Italy and Great Brit-ain: Sequence-analytical Tools as newInstruments in Sociological Life CourseResearch".

Organised workshops/conferences:

26 - 28 April 2001 ISA-RC28 (ResearchCommittee on Social Stratification) Confer-ence: Expanding markets, welfare stateretrenchment and their impact on socialstratification, MZES, Mannheim. Chair:Walter Müller

A Comparative Analysis of Transitionsfrom Education to Work in Europe(CATEWE)


Researchers: Markus Gangl

Funding: EU-TSER


Status: finished

Research question/goal: CATEWE aims atanalysing the transition from education towork in a comparative European perspective.This entails developing a more satisfactoryframework for understanding transitions indifferent European systems and to use thisframework to analyse the factors affectingsuccess and failure in education/trainingoutcomes and labour market integration. Amajor focus of the project will be the insti-tutional embeddedness of these transitionprocesses, thus enhancing comparativeknowledge on the operation of differentlinkages between the education and trainingsystem and the labour market. The researchwill have a dynamic perspective, analysingchanges in transition processes over time andtheir relationship to changes in institutionaland labour market conditions.

Data: Secondary analyses of national SchoolLeaver Surveys, as well as of national andEuropean Labour Force Surveys

Geographic space: European Union


The project submitted its final report to theEuropean Commission by the end of January2001. This report summarises the researchquestions, the approaches taken in the dif-ferent parts of the project, as well as thetotal output of the project in the form ofmore than 20 working papers. The full report


has been made available electronically athttp://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/projekte/catewe/, from whereboth the report and all project workingpapers may be downloaded. After completionof the final report, the MZES-led LFS groupof the project has continued to work towardsachieving a coherent book-length treatmentout of the working papers that have beenwritten during the project. By autumn 2001,all chapters have been revised in order toform a consistent picture on differentaspects of school-to-work transitions inEurope. The group has also obtained a con-tract to publish the book with Oxford Uni-versity Press, and the final manuscript isgoing to be delivered by the end of this yearor early in 2002. In addition, several project-based publications have appeared or willappear in the near future in edited volumesand refereed academic journals. Beyondthese activities, work on CATEWE-relatedissues continued also through new projectactivities in the context of the project"Evaluation and analyses of the LFS 2000 adhoc module", which resulted out of anMZES-led research proposal submitted toEurostat and subsequently selected in acompetitive evaluation process. The projectwork has begun in 2001, but is describedmore fully under the appropriate separateproject entry.

Socio-economic Development of Self-Employment in Europe


Researchers: Henning Lohmann,Silvia Luber

Funding: Fritz-Thyssen-Stiftung, MZES


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: Since the 1980s therate and number of self-employed workersincreased in almost every Western Europeancountry. This growth has influenced stronglythe recent debate about the replacement oftraditional forms of employment. Further, ithas raised the question about the causes ofthis increase. The project conducts a system-atic comparative analysis in several Europeansocieties to describe the development in thevarious countries and to explain the differ-ences between these countries in the contextof specific national structures of incentivesand opportunities for self-employed work.Particularly, the implications of the develop-ments for the social-structural change of thegroup of self-employed is of specific interest.

Data: European Labour Force Surveys



In 2001 the Mannheim project staff hasacted as guest editors of a series of fourconsecutive special issues of the Interna-tional Journal of Sociology devoted to thetopic of "Self-employment in advancedeconomies". The last two issues haveappeared in Spring and Summer 2001. Thearticles published are the end-product of aworkshop held at the MZES in 1999. Theproject has continued the international co-


operation resulting from this workshop.Furthermore, the project has continued within-depth analysis of the dynamics andstructure of self-employment developmentsin several European countries (on base ofmicro-level data, both cross-sectional andlongitudinal). Research has mainly focusedon the following questions: What differentprocesses have generated the specificdynamic underlying the development of self-employment since the 1980s (focusing onthe entries into and the exists from self-employment)? What gender-specific aspectsgovern the likelihood of being self-employedin different advanced societies? How is thisrelated to the general structure of femaleemployment? Does the institutional frame-work set by the welfare state particularlyinfluence the propensity of women to beself-employed? In which way does the insti-tutional and economic framework in generalinfluence the relevance of different individ-ual resources for the likelihood of being self-employed? These analyses on the one handhighlight the importance of qualificationaland positional resources, but also of theinstitutional and economic framework forthe incidence of self-employment. Withrespect to female self-employment, projectwork has emphasised the role of welfarestate policies providing opportunities forwomen to combine family and paid workand in this way structuring the preferencefor self-employment as one alternative offlexible employment for women. In the scopeof co-operation, comparative studies of pro-cesses underlying the dynamic of self-employment development are being con-ducted in a large number of countries on thebase of a common methodological approachanalysing with longitudinal data entry intoand exit from self-employment. Moreover, a

comparative meta-analysis of the country-chapters will be included in the joint publi-cation. In April 2001 a concluding workshophas been organised at the MZES discussingadvanced drafts of the country chapters andsolving final methodological problems. It isplanned to have a final version of the jointpublication until Summer 2002.


26 - 28 April 2001, RC-28 Spring Meeting(International Sociological Association),MZES. Participant: Richard Arum, WalterMüller. Presentation: "Self-employmentdynamics in advanced economies".

28 August - 1 September 2001, 5th Euro-pean Sociological Association Conference,Helsinki. Participant: Henning Lohmann.Presentation: "Self-employed or employee,full-time or part-time? Gender differences inthe determinants and conditions for self-employment in Europe and the US".


29 April 2001, International Workshop on"Self-Employment in Advanced EconomiesIV", paper presented: Lohmann, Luber:"Trends in self-employment in Germany:different types, different developments?"

Invited scholars participating in the project:

Prof. Richard Arum, 26 - 30 April 2001, NewYork University, New York, USA


The Pluralization of LivingArrangements and Family Forms

Director: Josef Brüderl

Researchers: N.N.

Funding: MZES


Status: in preparation

Research question/goal: One hypothesis inthe discussions around the process of indi-vidualisation suggests that many bindingrestrictions have disappeared, behaviouraloptions have increased and therefore livingarrangements have diversified.

Most studies dealing with this hypothesisrefer to cross-sectional data, which can onlyprovide 'snap-shots' of the distribution ofliving arrangements in the population.

Our project will focus on this facet of theindividualisation process. For several Euro-pean countries the distribution of livingarrangements and changes thereof areexamined empirically with cohort-basedlongitudinal data.

Data: DJI Family Survey, Fertility and FamilySurvey (FFS)

Project activities in 2001:Meanwhile, we got the data of the GermanFamily Survey 2000. These data are used in apaper on "Pluralization in Germany", whichwill be completed in January 2002. Buildingon this work the funding proposal will bedeveloped (until spring 2002). The proposedproject will enlarge the view beyond theborders of Germany and intends to compareseveral European countries by using datafrom the Fertility and Family Surveys.


22 - 24 March 2001, Conference of the DGSSection "Modellbildung und Simulation",Berne. Participant: Josef, Brüderl. Presenta-tion: "The Dissolution of Marriages".


22 May 2001, Dr. Henriette Engelhardt, MPIRostock, Familienpolitik und die inter-generationale Vererbung des Scheidungsrisi-kos

Social Structure, Social Security, andthe Social Position of the PublicService Sector: European Models andNational Case Studies

Director: Franz Rothenbacher

Researchers: Franz Rothenbacher

Funding: Thyssen Stiftung


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The research projectinvestigates the social category of the publicemployees under three perspectives: internalsocial structure, social security and socio-economic position. International compari-sons for the countries of the European Unionare combined with detailed national casestudies. The general framework for the studyis made up by job reduction in the publicsector due to high state expenditure and agrowing pension load. The effects of thesetrends for the socio-economic position ofpublic employees as compared with otheroccupational groups are analysed.

Data: Official statistics, legislative sources,social surveys

Geographic space: European Union (forcomparison); Germany, France, United King-dom, Sweden, Switzerland (for case studies)



In February 2001, the project proposal on"Social Structure, Social Security and Socio-economic Position of the Civil Service: Euro-pean Patterns and National Case Studies"was accepted by the Thyssen Foundation inCologne. The project will run for three years.During 2001, work on a monograph on thepublic service sector in Europe in a socio-logical perspective was intensified. For threelarge European countries, namely Britain,France and Germany, first drafts of countrystudies have been written. Furthermore, workon the comparative parts of the project hasalso progressed: these parts compare thethree countries Britain, France and Germanywith respect to all main research dimensions.The monograph reconstructs for the threecountries the historical development of theold-age security systems of civil servants andtheir dependents from their early start in thefirst half of the 19th century, and theirextension from immediate state civil servantsto cover other occupational groups in thepublic services, mainly during the secondhalf of the 19th century. Results show thatin all three countries old-age-security regu-lations for civil servants were one of the firstsystems of old age protection and existedbefore the "general old-age protection" forworkers. Furthermore, from the beginning,old-age protection for civil servants has beenmuch more favourable than other systems ofold-age protection. Better old-age protectionfor civil servants in all three countries led toabove-average old-age incomes as well as toabove-average socio-economic conditions inhealth and housing. Although this generalpattern is visible in all three countries, thereare nevertheless remarkable institutionaldifferences and differences in outcomes.France and Germany have "continental" civil

service systems with many civil servants andspecial systems of old-age protection for civilservants, combining a first and a second tierpension in one old-age benefit. In Britain-with a Beveridge-type social security system-the Civil Service is small and most people inthe public services are public employees.Old-age pensions in the public services typi-cally are occupational pensions. Pensionersfrom the public services receive a first tierbasic state pension plus the second tier pub-lic service occupational pension. Thehypothesis is put forward-and will be testedin future work-that the "continental" civilservice systems will be more advantageousfor the life chances of the civil servants thanthe Anglo-Saxon civil service systems,although work in the public services in gen-eral offers improved life chances for all pub-lic service employees.

Labour Market Processes andStructural Change: AllocationDynamics and Unemployment in theUS, Swedish and West German LabourMarkets


Researchers: Markus Gangl

Funding: MZES


Status: finished

Research question/goal: Who becomesunemployed, for how long and to whichconsequences? In addressing these issues,the project aims at a comparative analysis ofunemployment experiences in three majorWestern economies. Unemployment isaddressed in a dynamic framework and ana-lysed from a general perspective on mobility


processes in labour markets. Cross-countrysimilarities and differences are to beexplained mainly from similarities andnational peculiarities of labour marketdynamics and labour market trends.

Data: Secondary analysis of longitudinalsurvey data

Geographic space: United States, Swedenand West Germany


Over the first half of 2001, a number ofanalyses on different aspects of unemploy-ment dynamics in the United States andWest Germany have been completed, cul-minating in a broad study on the role ofboth institutions and structural change inshaping labour market dynamics in the twocountries. In June 2001, the resulting mono-graph "Unemployment dynamics in theUnited States and West Germany: Economicrestructuring, institutions, and labour marketprocesses" has been submitted as a PhDthesis to the Faculty of Social Sciences at theUniversity of Mannheim. Since Markus Ganglhas taken a position as Senior Research Fel-low at the Social Science Centre Berlin(WZB), the project is discontinued at theMZES.


26 - 28 April 2001, Expanding Markets, Wel-fare State Retrenchment, and their Impact onSocial Stratification. ISA RC28 Spring Meet-ing 2001, Mannheim, MZES. Participant:Markus Gangl. Presentation: "The Virtues ofEmployment Protection: Unemployment In-cidence in the United States and WestGermany” .

Theoretical Construction and EmpiricalExamination of a Lifestyle Typology


Researchers: Gunnar Otte

Funding: Universität Mann-heim


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: Recently the ques-tion has been raised in sociology regardinghow far human behaviour is structured byindividual life styles. It has been suggestedthat life style typologies are better suited forsocial structural analysis than models ofsocial classes or social strata. Currentresearch, however, does not link life styles toa micro-level theory of the production ofsocial inequality, and leads to a lack of com-parability of the identified typologies.

This research project aims at theoreticallyconstructing a typology of life styles andapplying it in a quantitative survey to assessits empirical and theoretical explanatorypower in different areas of social action.

Data: Special survey

Geographic space: Germany


In the first half of 2001 project activitieswere devoted to making use of the lifestyleapproach in an applied context. After theempirical lifestyle typology had beenassessed in validity and reliability issues aswell as in its general explanatory power overthe last two years, this step seemed to bejustified. Thus, the opportunity of the cur-rent city marketing activities in Mannheimwas taken to see in how far it is possible totarget political measures to social groupsdefined in terms of lifestyles. The lifestyle


instrument was integrated into a local tele-phone survey on the "image of Mannheim",comprising quality of life and local identityquestions. The application of the lifestyletypology demonstrated, again, its strengthsand weaknesses. In some areas, lifestyles arewell suited to reveal preference structuresand differentiate relevant target groups, inparticular with respect to local identityissues, the demand for inner city shops, orpreferences for cultural institutions andevents. In other areas, the typology lackssuch differentiating power. The demand ofhousing, for example, is better explained bya life cycle approach; closing hours prefer-ences are better explained by variablesreflecting individual time arrangements, suchas employment status and household type. Inthe second half of 2001 the generaltheoretical and empirical evaluation of thelifestyle typology has been continued andput into writing. The doctoral thesis, whichwill conclude the project, is under way andwill, hopefully, be finished during 2002.


27 - 28 March 2001, Methodological Prob-lems of telephone sampling and samplerealisation, Mannheim. Participant: GunnarOtte. Presentation: "Experiences with ran-dom-digit-dialling telephone samples inthree local surveys".

Evaluation and Analyses of the LFS2000 ad hoc Module Data on School-to-Work Transitions in Europe


Researchers: Frank Kalter,Irena Kogan,Markus Gangl (WZB),D. Raffe (CES),C. Iannelli (CES),E. Smyth (ESRI),M. Wolbers (ROA)

Funding: Eurostat


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: In order to improvethe availability of data on transitionsbetween education and the labour market inEurope, Eurostat has introduced a topicalmodule on transitions from education towork into the Labour Force Survey 2000 in14 EU member states, an effort which wasadditionally joined by six Eastern Europeancountries. Based on an international expertnetwork, the project is intended as anevaluation study of this new Europeandatabase which combines both methodo-logical and substantive concerns. To thatend, the project will first include a meth-odological evaluation part, assessing thedegree of comparability achieved in the con-crete implementation of the module, as wellas the resulting data quality. Added to this,there will be substantive analyses on coreissues in transition research, including socialbackground effects on educational careers,the relation between field of education andgender inequality in the labour market, eth-nic inequalities in transition processes, theincidence and consequences of job mis-matches, and job search and mobilitybehaviour in the early career stages.


Data: Secondary analyses of the EU LabourForce Survey 2000

Geographic space: European Union, Hun-gary, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Latvia,Lithuania.


In 2001 the project focused on comparingnational implementations of the EULFS 2000ad hoc transition module, thereby assessingdata comparability achieved by the moduleand potential biases in the current imple-mentation. In particular, national andEurostat documentation has been collectedfrom various sources to provide usefulinformation for the evaluation of the ad hocmodule implementation in each of the 20countries in which data have been collected.Second, a Module Evaluation Grid with a setof questions aimed to identify the possibleproblems encountered in the nationalimplementation of the ad hoc module, hasbeen constructed. Based on this grid,national experts, external to the project, havedelivered their evaluations of the nationalimplementation of the ad hoc module. A firstdraft of the report, which summarises theachievements and problems in the nationalimplementation of the ad hoc module andevaluates cross-country comparability of thedata collected in the module, has been pre-pared. At a project workshop held lateNovember at the MZES concepts, methodsand strategies for data analysis have beendiscussed as an initial phase to the empiricalstudy of the transition from school to workin the various countries of Europe. Followingthe workshop, the research teams havestarted analyses on the various substantivetopics mentioned above.


28 March 2001, Kick-off meeting, EURO-STAT Unit E-3, Luxembourg/Brussels.Participant: Walter Müller (MZES), MarkusGangl (MZES), Cristina Iannelli (CES, Univer-sity of Edinburgh).

19 June 2001, Meeting of the Eurostat'ssubgroup of the working group on Educa-tion and Training Statistics, Luxembourg.Participant: Cristina Iannelli (CES, Universityof Edinburgh). Presentation: "Evaluation andanalyses of the ad hoc module data onschool-to-work transitions".

22 - 24 October 2001, Meeting of the OECDNetwork B, Prague, Czech Republic. Partici-pant: Cristina Iannelli (CES, University ofEdinburgh). Presentation: "Preliminaryresults of the evaluation of the ad hocmodule data on school-to-work transitions".

6 - 7 December 2001, Meeting of theEUROSTAT Working group "Education andTraining Statistics", Luxembourg. Partici-pant: Walter Müller (MZES). Presentation:"Evaluation and analysis of the results of the2000 Labour Force Survey ad hoc module ontransition from school to working life".


7 September 2001, Co-ordination workshopof the working group of the project"Evaluation and analyses of the ad hocmodule data on school-to-work transitions",Sintra, Portugal. Participant: Walter Müller

23 - 24 November 2001, Co-ordinationworkshop of the working group of the proj-ect "Evaluation and analyses of the ad hocmodule data on school-to-work transitions"MZES, Mannheim. Participants: WalterMüller, Frank Kalter, Irena Kogan.

Research Area 2: Migration, Integration, and Ethnic Conflict 33

2.2 Research Area 2: Migration,Integration, and Ethnic Conflict

The research group "Migration, Integrationand Ethnic Conflict" is concerned with thesocial aspects of European integration withspecial emphasis on international migrationand its impact on the process of ethnic andcultural differentiation in (Western-) Euro-pean countries.

Participation of Immigrants

Director: Hartmut Esser

Researchers: Claudia Diehl

Funding: DFG


Status: finished

Research question/goal: There has long beena lack of reliable data about migrants' par-ticipation in political and social associationsand clubs. This participation has always beenconsidered as important for mainly two rea-sons: there is evidence that membership inethnic associations influences the integrationpatterns of migrants in other spheres of thehostland; and the existence of ethnicorganisations can amplify or alleviate latentconflicts between majority and minoritymembers.

One important purpose of the DFG-project"Participation of immigrants" was thus togather reliable data about the participationpatterns of the largest immigrant group inGermany: those of Turkish origin. A secondgoal was to explain these patterns: why domigrants often participate in ethnically seg-regated organisations? Which goals andactivities do these clubs pursue? Under whatcircumstances is membership in host-countryassociations a more attractive option?

In order to answer these questions a randomsample of 750 Turkish migrants was inter-viewed face-to-face about their membershipin and informal affiliations with Turkish andGerman associations and clubs. In order togain insight into the main activities andgoals of these associations, the heads of allTurkish clubs and of an equally large sampleof German associations were asked about theactivities of their associations. In both stud-ies, response rates were very high.

About one fourth of all interviewees weremembers of a Turkish association. If oneincludes those who were not formal mem-bers but visited the same organisation severaltimes a year, this share increases to a third.Gender has a bigger effect on the likelihoodof being an association member thanbelonging to either the first or second gen-eration: women are considerably less likely tobe members of Turkish clubs than men.Membership in Turkish clubs becomes lesslikely from generation to generation whereasmembership in German associations becomesmore likely. Very few Turkish women aremembers of German clubs. For them, par-ticipation in German clubs obviously is noalternative to participation in Turkish clubs,which are most often visited by men.

The most important result of the associationsurvey was that membership in Turkish clubscould not be explained primarily by the"classic" functions of ethnic associations,such as support in everyday life or lobbyingactivities. On the local level, homeland ori-entated activities- most importantly thosethat are cultural or religious - prevail.Turkish clubs are primarily spaces wheremigrants who control homeland-specificcultural capital obtain status and socialapproval. This explains why they are mostly


visited by those migrants who are - due totheir socialisation - "rich" in terms of theirhomeland-specific cultural capital. The typi-cal association member is male, has obtainedhis education in Turkey and lives in Germanysince almost 20 years. On the local level, theexistence of interest groups oriented to thehost society is still the exception in Germany.

Data: quantitative survey

Geographic space: Mannheim, Germany


The project ended in May 2001. The lastmonths were dedicated to the writing of thefinal report to the Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft and the preparation of severalmanuscripts for publication. The focus wason methodological issues related to the sur-veys undertaken during the project as well ason the substantial findings on migrants'participation patterns. Besides the articleslisted in the appendix a book publication onthe project results will be available in early2002.


February 2000, IMIS Lecture Series , IMIS(Institut für Migrationsforschung und Inter-kulturelle Studien), University of Osnabrueck.Participant: Claudia Diehl. Presentation:"Participation of Immigrants - TheoreticalAssumptions and Empirical Findings".

Educational Decisions in ImmigrantFamilies


Researchers: Cornelia Kristen,Marcus Butz

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: It is the purpose ofthe project to explain why children of immi-grant families occupy the most disadvan-taged positions in the German educationalsystem. Educational decisions are of centralimportance for the future perspectives ofthese children. The families can either choosebetween a ‚safe' and easily attainable option,that is, an orientation towards their ethniccontext and a life in one of the occupationswhich have traditionally been dominated byimmigrants, or they choose an investmentinto educational qualifications. Educationaldegrees can be more profitable in the longrun, because (higher) education is a neces-sary precondition for the realisation ofattractive career options in the host country.We plan to study the extent to which variousethnic groups differ systematically fromGerman families and among themselveswhen they select between different edu-cational alternatives. In analysing these edu-cational decision-making processes specialattention is given to the available resourcesin different ethnic contexts. We also intendto focus on the identification and pursuit ofeducational aspirations. In addition, theinstitutional framework of the educationalsystem, including different rules and regula-tions for transitions in the German states(Bundesländer), is taken into account.

Data: Survey




In 2001, we concentrated on the followingtasks:

1. The first study of the project was aqualitative investigation where we inter-viewed 39 Turkish and 30 German fami-lies with a child in elementary school inMannheim (Baden-Württemberg) andEssen (Nordrhein-Westfalen). In theseinterviews we followed the child's tran-sition from primary to secondary school-ing. We were especially interested in par-ent's educational aspirations and thetiming of the educational decision. Theinterviews revealed considerable differ-ences between Turkish and German fami-lies. Besides the well-known importanceof aspects such as the family's generationstatus or the socio-economic position, weobserved that Turkish families do notonly have less opportunities to effectivelysupport the educational development oftheir children, they also lack more oftenthe relevant information and also themeans for adequately judging availableinformation, which is required for a suc-cessful navigation of the educationalsystem. The study started in September2000 and was completed in April 2001.

2. The second important preliminary studyconcerned the development of anachievement test to grasp the cognitiveabilities of Turkish and German childrenin class 4. The test should provide infor-mation on children's school abilitiesindependently from the teacher's evalua-tion. Especially in cases, where grades arenot available or when the information ongrades is unreliable, the test results willconstitute an important source of infor-

mation. We checked various types of psy-chological test instruments for their wayof measuring different cognitive aspects.Moreover, we talked to experts in thefield in order to discuss specific aspectsof the application regarding immigrantchildren. We then combined an instru-ment based on different school achieve-ment and intelligence tests. The testinstrument includes five parts. Two partsmeasure children's school abilities in lan-guage and mathematics. We expectedboth parts to be highly correlated withthe grades in these school subjects.Another part, the Coloured Raven Matri-ces, measures logical thinking. And theremaining two parts aim at the measure-ment of motoric and drawing abilities aswell as of the developmental stage.Except for the German and Mathematicspart, no elaborated competence of theGerman language was required. Theintention behind the inclusion of a lan-guage-free section was to try to separateto some extent cognitive abilities fromthe command of German. We tested theinstrument in six elementary schools inMannheim. The data set includes infor-mation on 151 German pupils, 127Turkish pupils and 107 pupils of othernationalities in class 4. The instrumentseems to be a useful measure for the twodimensions of interest: the school gradesand the language-independent cognitiveabilities. The item analyses show a goodreliability for each of the five parts andfor the whole test. We found strikingdifferences in German language abilitiesbetween German and Turkish childrenwhich are also reflected in grade differ-ences. The differences between Turks andGermans are smaller with regard to the


language-independent parts. However,pupils with good grades do better in allparts of the test instrument. We startedwith the development of the achievementinstrument in January and completed thestudy in November 2001. We will use thisinstrument in the main quantitative sur-vey.

3. In the context of regular contacts toprimary schools that were establishedwhile conducting the different studies itturned out that another important topicneeds to be addressed in the project,namely the issue of ethnic segregation inschools. We are interested in the mecha-nisms that contribute to the originationand to the persistence of ethnic schoolsegregation. The quick answer to theproblem of ethnic school segregation isresidential segregation. Differences in thedistribution of ethnic groups over resi-dential districts are reflected in the distri-bution of these groups over schools.Without doubt, residential segregation isa central factor contributing to schoolsegregation. However, given specificinstitutional conditions, such as theopportunity to choose between differentprimary schools, the situation changes.Families can now express their preferencefor a particular environment of schoolingand try in this way to improve the start-ing conditions for their child. We knowfrom research in other countries thatthese school choice often reinforce segre-gation patterns. Therefore, for an ade-quate explanation of ethnic school segre-gation, it is necessary to take intoaccount both: parental school choice andthe patterns of ethnic residential segre-gation. We investigate these processes forNordrhein-Westfalen, where parents have

the opportunity to choose between dif-ferent primary schools, and Baden-Würt-temberg, where school choice is not apart of the institutional framework at theelementary level. We were successful inattracting additional funding for thisstudy from the DFG in September. Thedata collection took place in Essen (Nord-rhein-Westfalen). The study will becompleted in 2002.

4. Finally, by analysing data that we col-lected at a number of elementary schoolsin Baden-Württemberg we investigatedthe transition patterns of immigrant andGerman families after the completion ofprimary schooling. Dealing with theextent of ethnic differentiation at thefirst transition in the German school sys-tem, we studied the question whether theobserved differences in the transitionrates between different ethnic groupscontinue to exist once the children's edu-cational performance is taken intoaccount. The findings reveal that schoolmarks are the central determinant of thetransition. However, also after havingcontrolled for school performance ethnicdifferences persist. Especially Turkish andItalian children have a considerably lowerchance to get into one of the higher edu-cational tracks. Furthermore, we inves-tigated the impact of the immigrant con-centration in the school environment onthe transition. The analyses reveal thatwith increasing percentages of immigrantchildren in the classroom the chances toattend one of the higher educationalbranches are considerably reduced. Aftertaking into account the immigrant com-position no significant ethnic differencespersist.


In September 2001 Cornelia Kristen hasreceived a Marie Curie Fellowship at the ICS(Interuniversity Center for Social ScienceTheory and Methodology), Groningen, TheNetherlands.


22 - 24 November 2001, ERNAPE Confer-ence: “A Bridge to the Future. Collaborationbetween Home, School and Community” ,Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Participant:Cornelia Kristen.


25 - 26 January 2001, MZES Workshop on"Educational Decisions in ImmigrantFamilies", Mannheim. With researchers fromFrance (Yaël Brinbaum, Roxane Silberman,Louis-André Vallet), the Netherlands (Uulkjede Jong, Paul Jungbluth, Karen Phalet, Inekevan der Veen), and the United Kingdom(Alice Sullivan, Sin Yi Cheung).

Ethnic Cleavages and Social Contexts


Researchers: Stephan Ganter,Angela Jäger

Funding: Volkswagen Foun-dation


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The main objectiveof this research project is to explore contex-tual effects on diverse manifestations ofsocial distance on the part of Germanstowards ethnic minorities. Particular atten-tion will be paid to the social embeddednessof such attitudes, behavioural intentions andactual behaviour in social networks and pri-mary groups. The analysis of these kinds ofcontextual effects is based upon a special

survey which builds on snowball samplingprocedures and follow-up-interviews in asocial networks research design. A first studyin Mannheim (N=500) was used to test thewhole research design and to find outwhether the main hypotheses of the projectare plausible. In a second study using thesame approach differences in manifestationsof social distance towards ethnic minoritiesin Western and Eastern Germany will beanalysed.

Data: Special survey



The project proposal submitted to theVolkswagen Foundation was accepted inMarch 2001. The purpose of the project is tofind out why East Germans (on average)show stronger social distance towards ethnicminorities than West Germans. In order toanswer this question the study will focus onthe social embeddedness of correspondingattitudes, behavioural intentions and actualbehaviour in social networks and primarygroups. The scheduled research design isadapted from the first study in Mannheimwith a few important revisions. In contrast tothe first study field research has to be con-ducted by a research company. Furthermore,a comparative analysis of different socialcontexts in Eastern and Western Germanywithin the framework of snowball samplingprocedures requires a more complex sam-pling design. For these reasons a shift fromface-to-face interviewing to CATI techniqueshas to be considered. So far, however, it isuncertain whether CATI based data collectionof social networks in conjunction with fol-low-up interviews of alteri is feasible.Therefore, a small pilot study supported bythe MZES was conducted in order to verify


the feasibility. Based on the findings of thisstudy, the final draft of the research projectwill be settled and implemented in February2002.


25 - 28 April 2001, XXI. InternationalSunbelt Social Network Conference,Budapest. Participant: Stephan Ganter.Presentation: "Homogeneity of Attitudestowards Ethnic Minorities within Ego-centricSocial Networks".

Conditions and Processes of Migrants'Structural Assimilation in the GermanSoccer League System

Director: Frank Kalter

Researchers: Frank Kalter

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: In the FederalRepublic of Germany the children andgrandchildren of so-called "guestworkers"still occupy lower positions in the educa-tional system and in the labour market.According to recent studies this holds trueeven if socio-economic background variables,classical indicators of migration history andcognitive assimilation are controlled. Whilestandard theories of migrant integrationcannot totally account for the persistence ofethnic inequality, three general approaches(mutually connected) seem to be promisingin this respect: elaborated theories ofdiscrimination, the extension of the conceptof capital to cultural and social resources,and some more or less formalised models,which try to conceive patterns of inequality

as the result of processes of self-selectionand dynamic interactions.

In this project the positions and mobility (inthe classical sense the 'structural assimila-tion') of migrants are analysed within thehierarchical system of the German footballleague. Here, we find background conditions,which are very interesting from a theoreticalpoint of view: In the field of sports competi-tion is especially institutionalised and legiti-mised. According to prominent theories ofdiscrimination disadvantages to minoritiesshould vanish if competition is perfect. Inthe field of sports the capital actors need toperform well is more general (and lessreceiving-country-specific) than in othersocial fields and therefore barriers resting on'false' capital may be overcome more quickly.As a consequence the third group of expla-nations, processes of self-selection anddynamic interactions, may be studied undervery convenient conditions.

Data: interviews with players and coaches

Geographic space: Baden-Württemberg


Having finished data collection in December2000, at the beginning of this year we havestarted analysing the processes of immi-grants’ structural assimilation within thesoccer league system. The data set now con-sists of 1123 soccer players (555 youth play-ers from age 15 to 18 and 568 adults) from85 teams within the broader area of Mann-heim. A supplementary file contains infor-mation of 90 coaches, 82 of them belongingto one of the sampled teams. The first stepin our analyses was to look at the presentdegree of ethnic stratification differentiatingbetween the youth and the adult players.Here, our survey data confirms the picture


already discovered using data from mem-bership files and game reports: Over the birthcohorts immigrants clearly advanced in theirpositions. While there is only a slight dis-advantage in terms of reaching higherleagues at the adult level, at the youth levelthe trend has even turned into a clearadvantage compared to Germans. This holdstrue especially for the group of Turks andespecially for the odds of reaching middlelevel vs. lower level positions. An obviousexplanation for these trends of structuralassimilation could be seen in the fact thatyounger birth cohorts are also better inte-grated with respect to other dimensions ofassimilation like language skills, educationallevel, contacts to Germans etc. However, this‘naive assimilation hypotheses’ is stronglyrejected by our data. While this general trendof assimilation over birth cohorts can beconfirmed for the immigrant resident popu-lation in the Mannheim area, the reverse istrue for the subpopulation of soccer players.This points to a severe shift in selectivity ofplaying soccer. While the older players scorevery high on usual integration indicators, inthe course of time (respectively birth cohorts)soccer seems to have increasingly attractedalso less integrated immigrants. This doesnot mean, however, that the level of generalintegration is irrelevant for reaching higherlevel positions within the age groups. In thisrespect most effects are mediated by thefactor ‘age at entry’, which turns out to bethe most important factor for being suc-cessful within the league system. This vari-able is closely related to migration historyand indicators of integration. Controlling forage at entry, disadvantages of adult immi-grant players vanish and advantages ofyouth immigrant players increase even more.As a consequence, entry behaviour may be

seen as a crucial mechanism through whichgeneral immigrant disadvantages (lack ofhost-country-specific human, social andcultural capital) are transmitted into a systemseemingly free from specificity of resources.Analyses focusing on mechanisms of dis-crimination strongly support the main thesisof neo-classical theory that competition is astrong ally of minorities. While, generally,social distance and unequal treatment seemto be of minor importance in the careerprocesses, they become even less importantas the league level gets higher.


22 - 24 March 2001, Spring-meeting of thesection “Modeling and simulation” of theDGS, Bern, CH. Participant: Frank Kalter.Presentation: "The evolution of ethnic strati-fication".

30 - 31 March 2001, Spring-meeting of thesection "Methods of empirical socialresearch" of the DGS, Konstanz. Participant:Frank Kalter. Presentation: "Controlling forindependent variables in measures ofsegregation: social change and structuralassimilation of immigrants".

6 - 10 October 2001, EuroConference onEuropean Welfare States and Changing LifeCourses, Kerkrade, NL. Participant: FrankKalter. Presentation: "Assimilation of Immi-grants’ Family Behaviour in a ChangingReceiving Country".


2.3 Research Area 3: Family and theWelfare State in Europe

In all European countries the family has beenchanging significantly since the 19th cen-tury. Research in this area focuses on varia-tions in family changes across Europe andthe development of family-related socialpolicies in a long-term perspective, includingfamily policy, family law and the position ofthe family in the welfare state in general.

Family Change and Family Policy inComparative Perspective

Director: Peter Flora,Thomas Bahle

Researchers: Birgit Fix,Mathias Maucher,Astrid Pfenning

Funding: DFG, MZES


Status: finished

Research question/goal: The project studiesfamily changes and family policies in a long-term comparative view. Results will be pub-lished in a series of 5 volumes with 18country studies and 2 comparative volumes.In addition, a database on family policies inEurope will be developed as a major sourcefor comparative analyses and family policyindicators. The database will be made avail-able to the academic public after the con-clusion of the project.

Data: official statistics, secondary analysis,production of time series

Geographic space: Western and CentralEurope (EU and Norway, Switzerland, Polandand Hungary)


The project finished in September 2001. Thecountry studies were completed and pre-pared for publication, except three studieson which the authors continue to work. Thestudies were given to the editors for writingthe introductions and conclusions to thevolumes. The family policy database waspublished as CD-ROM and handed over tothe Austrian Institute for Family Studies,Vienna, as the current co-ordinator of theEuropean Observatory on Family Matters.Mathias Maucher and Thomas Bahle workedon a first comparative analysis using thedatabase under the topic 'The developmentof family allowances and child tax benefits inWestern Europe, 1950-2000'.

2.4 Research Area 4: IntermediaryStructures and the Welfare State inEurope

Comparative welfare state research has so farconcentrated on social security and largelyneglected the area of social services. Thenational variations in this field essentiallyresult from the role of the churches and thelabour movement in the production of socialwelfare. It is the aim of this research area toanalyse and account for the development ofsocial services in Europe from a historicaland comparative perspective on the nationalas well as local level.

Research Area 4: Intermediary Structures and the Welfare State in Europe 41

Intermediary Structures and theWelfare State: The Role of theChurches in Western Europe

Director: Peter Flora,Elisabeth Fix

Researchers: Birgit Fix

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: Research on thewelfare state has rather neglected the role ofintermediary structures in the production ofsocial welfare. In particular the churcheshave been playing a major role in the pro-vision of social welfare long before the mod-ern welfare state was founded. Still, there arehuge variations in the welfare production ofthe churches to be found across WesternEurope. These will be analysed and explainedfrom a comparative perspective.

Data: Organisation survey



Project activities in 2001 concentrated onthe creation of the empirical basis of theproject. The project will be based on anencompassing survey on the social serviceactivities of the Catholic and Protestantchurches in Western Europe. In the firstphase of the project six countries form partof the sample: Germany, Austria, Switzer-land, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Norway.In preparation of the survey which is basedon a written questionnaire, a 10 pages ques-tionnaire was elaborated which was sent toall welfare associations related to thechurches in the six countries. Thus, around400 welfare associations were selected. Thetheoretical aim of the project is to study the

variations in the profile of church welfareprovision. Thus, the questionnaire deals withthe following items: 1. For which targetgroups do denominational welfare organisa-tions provide social services? 2. How manyinstitutions, places, beds and how much timefor counselling do they offer? 3. Whichforms of service provision do they prefer? 4.From which financial resources in relativesshares are their services funded? 5. Howmany members of religious congregations dothey employ and do they rely more on vol-unteers or on professionals? In order toenhance the return quota of the question-naire, all organisations were contacted byphone beforehand. The questionnaire wentinto the field at the beginnings of Novemberand first results will be expected towards theend of 2001.


29 November, 2001, Vertreterversammlungdes Diözesancaritasverbandes Freiburg,Freiburg. Participant: Birgit Fix, ElisabethFix. Presentation: "Europe ante portas -challenges, chances and risks for the GermanCaritas".

21 November, 2001, Kolloquium ZENSGöttingen, Göttingen. Participant: Birgit Fix.Presentation: "Religion and family policies ina comparative perspective".


Dr. Olav Helge Angell, 30 June - 2 July,2001, University of Oslo


The Structure of Social Services: AnInternational Comparison: Local CaseStudies in Denmark, Germany, France,the United Kingdom and Spain

Director: Thomas Bahle,Astrid Pfenning

Researchers: Thomas Bahle,Astrid Pfenning

Funding: MZES



Research question/goal: The project willcompare the development and structure ofsocial services in 5 European countries. Casestudies will be conducted in 5 medium-sizedcities in Denmark, France, Germany, Spain,and the United Kingdom. The research inter-est centres on institutional relations betweenthe welfare state, intermediary organisations,and local institutions. The analysis focuseson the supply structure and responsibleagencies of service provision at the local level(local welfare mix) and on the degree ofnetworking, co-ordination and co-operationbetween providers, with special attention tothe role of local government. In a secondstep, the degree to which selected familieshave access to and benefit from services willbe analysed.

Data: statistics, secondary analyses, primarydata collection on local social services, inter-views

Geographic space: Denmark, Germany,France, the United Kingdom, Spain


In 2001 the international project group wasformed and an application for funding wassubmitted to the Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft. During the process of prepar-

ing the research application, some organisa-tional and conceptual changes in the projecthad to be made. The country sample nowincludes France, Germany, The Netherlands,Sweden and the United Kingdom (i.e. Eng-land). The focus of the project is on thestructure of social services (at the nationaland local level) and on the related positionof clients. The project application was sub-mitted to the DFG in co-operation with theUniversity of Heidelberg and our inter-national project partners.

Social Services in the Welfare State:A Comparison of Great Britain, France,and Germany

Director: Thomas Bahle

Researchers: Thomas Bahle



Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The project studiesthe development and structure of socialservices in France, England and Germany upto the present time. The focus is on the onehand on their historical development, on theother hand on the major reforms which havebeen undertaken since the 1970s as well ason their consequences. The relationshipbetween the state, the voluntary welfareorganisations and the local communities willbe of major interest. Main dimensions forinternational comparison will be the degreeof centralisation and decentralisation, therole of the third sector and the institutionalstructure of the welfare state.

Data: secondary analysis

Geographic space: France, England, Germany

Research Area 4: Intermediary Structures and the Welfare State in Europe 43


In 2001 Thomas Bahle worked on a researchfund application for a related project on thestructure of social services that was submit-ted to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaftin August. On the basis of the above projecthe was accepted as Jean Monnet Fellow atthe European University Institute, Florence,where he continues to work on it from Sep-tember 2001 until September 2002.

Intermediary Structures and theWelfare State: The ConsociationalSocieties in Historical and ComparativePerspective

Director: Elisabeth Fix

Researchers: Elisabeth Fix



Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The welfare regimesof the four small democracies along theEuropean city-belt have rather beenneglected in welfare state research. Strongintermediary structures, a fragmented labourmovement and cultural heterogeneity are themost striking similarities, which the socialstructures of Belgium, the Netherlands, Aus-tria and Switzerland share with Germany.These structural preconditions have beenshaping the welfare institutions in thesecountries. This project will explain thedevelopment of their specific type of welfareregime from a historical and comparativeperspective.

Data: Surveys, national statistics, secondaryliterature

Geographic space: Germany, Belgium, theNetherlands, Switzerland, Austria


Project activities in 2001 concentrated onthe collection of empirical data and on theelaboration of the theoretical approach ofthe project. Theoretically, the project is basedon Stein Rokkan's macrosociological theoryon the Western European variations of stateformation, nation-building, and democrati-sation since these three processes havedecisive impacts on the building of welfareregimes. Work in 2001 focussed on thewithin-variations in the cluster of con-sociational democracies. The main result wasthat the role of the churches and their wel-fare organisations accounts for the maindifferences. Thus, also the empirical work ofthe project concentrated on the welfare pro-vision by the churches. In this context, acomparative survey based upon a question-naire was prepared. This empirical study isclosely connected and related to the project"Intermediary structures and the welfarestate". The questionnaire went into the fieldin the beginnings of November and itsresults will greatly advance work on thehabilitation project.


29 November 2001, Vertreterversammlungdes Diözesancaritasverbandes Freiburg,Freiburg. Participant: Birgit Fix, ElisabethFix. Presentation: "Europa ante portas -Chancen und Risiken für die Caritas".


Dr. Olav Helge Angell, 30 June - 2 July2001, University of Oslo


Historical Data Handbook 'TradeUnions in Western Europe up to 1945'

Director: Günter Braun,Hermann Weber

Researchers: Günter Braun

Funding: MZES



Research question/goal: The project aims tocreate a comprehensive empirical basis forthe comparative long-term analysis of theformation, organisational forms and trans-formation of the trade union movements in16 countries of Western Europe from thebeginnings till 1945. Country profiles withgeneral information about the organisationsas well as the political, legal and businessenvironment for the rise and development ofthe labour movement should complete thestatistics on membership over time.Additional overviews will use comparativeindicators to present these data.

Data: Archival resources, national statistics,Trade Union reports, secondary literature



Work in 2001 further on has been con-centrated on the collection of literature andarchival sources on the history of tradeunions in European countries before 1945.The main project activities dealt with thecollection and presentation of membershipdata of the trade union movement in Ger-many and in Switzerland. These countrychapters served as examples in creatingfunctional prototypes of the handbook. Themain strategy in data gathering has been tocollect data on national unions, both affili-ated and non-affiliated, with supplementary

data on higher-order organisations (cartelsand confederations). For each country, thedatabase begins with recording informationon the following items: The organisationalhistory of each national union organisation;the history and patterns of affiliation with aconfederation; the organisational domainand type of the national unions; annualmembership data as possible.


Christian Toft, Ph.D., March - December2001, Danmark (zuletzt Max-Planck-Institutfür Gesellschaftsforschung)

The 'Societies of Europe' Series

Director: Peter Flora,Franz Kraus,Franz Rothenbacher

Researchers: Peter Flora,Franz Kraus,Franz Rothenbacher

Funding: MZES


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The 'Societies ofEurope' series is a contribution of Eurodatato the establishment of a systematic empiri-cal basis for studying long-term develop-ments in European societies, their differencesand similarities, their divergence and conver-gence. It concentrates on three major devel-opments since the 19th century: populationgrowth and demographic transition; indus-trialisation and the changing division oflabour; democratisation and the growth ofwelfare states. These developmental pro-cesses have shaped the social structures andinstitutions of the European societies untiltoday. The series consists of statistical hand-books, each supplemented by a CD with

Research Area 5: Cultural Foundations of the Market Economy and the Welfare State 45

larger data sets and more detailed docu-mentation. The books will be limited to morecondensed statistical information, in tabularand graphical form, complemented by insti-tutional data and interpretative texts. Intotal, 8 volumes will appear on Elections,Trade Unions, Population and Families,Labour Force and Social Security.

Data: Aggregate statistics, institutionalinformation, and meta-information

Geographic space: Western Europe, Poland,Hungary and Czech Republic (except fortrade unions and elections which are limitedto Western Europe only) at the national and(for certain benchmark years) subnationallevels. The election handbook refers to thelevel of constituencies.


In 2000, the handbook 'The EuropeanPopulation 1850-1945' was completed,including a CD-ROM with more detailed dataand documentation. Both were submitted forpublication by end of October. Work onvolume II, covering the period since 1950was started. Work on volume IV ('The Euro-pean Social Security Systems, 1885-1945')was continued with the finalisation of thechapter on Austria and the drafting of thechapter on Czechoslovakia. Data collectingwas continued with data entry for Germany.Work on volume V 'The European LabourForce, 1870-1945')was continued with thedesign and programming of a database andrelated SQL-queries on sources (cross-tabulardimensions and categories), concepts anddefinitions. Data entry concentrated onPoland.

2.5 Research Area 5: CulturalFoundations of the MarketEconomy and the Welfare State

Research in this area focuses on the culturaland normative foundations of the marketeconomy and the welfare state. It is based onthe idea that a specific normative structure ischaracteristic for both market economies andsocio-political institutions. These arefounded on particular ideas of socialsolidarity and justice. The individual researchprojects aim at clarifying to what extentthese ideas coincide with value orientationsand collective representations of actors. Inparticular they deal with the question howsocio-political culture and the institutions ofthe welfare state and the market economy aswell interact.

The Social Acceptance of the WelfareState

Director: Johannes Berger,Carsten Ullrich

Researchers: N.N.




Research question/goal: The purpose of theresearch project is the analysis of the socialacceptance of the German welfare state. Aninterest in the social support of welfareinstitutions presupposes that at least aminimum of public acceptance is a func-tional prerequisite for the effectiveness andstability of the welfare state. For the firsttime acceptance judgements about substan-tial institutions of the German welfare statewill be generated in a direct way. To achieve


this, a survey especially designed for thispurpose has to be carried out. Furthermore,it is necessary to supplement or substituteindicators for acceptance and for independ-ent variables as they are used in severalnational and comparative surveys.




The proposal is in the process of submission.

Public View on Benefits for theUnemployed

Director: Johannes Berger

Researchers: Astrid Karl,Silke Hamann

Funding: MZES


Status: finished

Research question/goal: The main researchissue of this project is to complete theunderstanding of the social acceptance ofprogrammes for unemployed on the basis ofan established concept of social acceptance.For explaining the distribution of varyingattitudes in the population it is useful todistinguish between three different groups:first of all employed people who finance thebenefits (I), furthermore the unemployedwho get the benefits (II) and finally personswho neither finance the systems nor gainany benefits (III). In analysing the varyingattitudes of these groups special interest isgiven to distinct factors influencing thesocial acceptance of the programs. The focushereby is set on structural factors (like differ-ent amounts of redistributions caused byprograms or different criteria of eligibility)on the one hand and the impact of interests

and values (like personal moral standardsand beliefs of justice) on the other hand.




In 2001 the project activities focussed on thepublication of the main research results ofthe completed project »Moral Economy ofUnemployment. The Campus Verlag pub-lished our final report in a book with the title"Entsolidarisierung? Leistungen fürArbeitslose im Urteil von Erwerbstätigen." inMay 2001. The main findings are as follows:The social acceptance of the three programsfor unemployed people "Arbeitslosengeld","Arbeitslosenhilfe" and "Sozialhilfe") is veryhigh. Nearly all respondents agree with thebasic principles of the programs and with thedifferent criteria of eligibility for the threeprograms. The respondents accept thenecessity of paying for the programsalthough as employees with permanent jobsthey realise that they themselves will prob-ably never receive any benefits. As the mostimportant "common theme" ("Deu-tungsmuster") with which the respondentsjustified their support for the programs weidentified: First of all the dominant inter-pretation of the risk of unemployment as arisk everybody has to face and nobody canbe accounted for. Consequently the recipi-ents of benefits are not blamed for theirsituation. Although the underlying normativeprinciples of the different programs can bedescribed as opposing (the main underlyingprinciple of "Arbeitslosengeld" is "equity"whereas the means tested program "Sozial-hilfe" represents the principle of "need") theinterviewees indicated their normative flexi-bility in evaluating each of these principlesas right, fair and just. But the respondents

Additional European Level Activity 47

also noticed the possibility of fraud andblamed especially recipients of the "Sozial-hilfe" for a supposed abuse of the system.Nevertheless only very few respondentsrejected that special or any other programcompletely. Instead the respondentsdemanded a better regulation of meanstesting and proving of eligibility to preventfraud and individual prosecution of abusers.Besides important results of our researchwere published by Leske + Budrich in Octo-ber in the written version of the presen-tations at the conference of the GermanSociological Association (DGS) in Cologne"Gute Gesellschaft? Zur Konstruktion sozialerOrdnungen. Verhandlungen des 30. Kon-gresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft fürSoziologie in Köln 2000. Our article dealtwith the principles of justice of social pro-grams and the correlated chances for soli-darity. Respective to the different principlesof justice which the three social programsrealise, different forms of solidarity arerequired from the persons who finance theseprograms. It is remarkable that in spite of thefact that the "Sozialhilfe" causes moreredistributions than the other programs andinsofar demands more solidarity from thefinanciers the respondents nevertheless sup-port this program in almost the same mannerthan the other two programs. In a next stepwe wanted to complete our understanding ofthe social acceptance of programs forunemployed by a quantitative sample surveyand submitted a project proposal to theGerman Research Foundation. We wanted toexamine the attitudes of three main interestgroups regarding to the existent programstransferring payments to the unemployed. Tobegin with, in the total population there arethe employed people (I) who do finance theprograms with their contributions and taxes,

furthermore there are the unemployed (II)who get the benefits, and finally there arethose who neither finance nor gain anyadvantages from the programs (III). Bydistinguishing these groups one could beable to achieve more complete knowledgeabout the impact of »values« and »interests«on the social acceptance of such programsand furthermore about the result concerningthe dominance of values (i. e. for instanceprinciples of justice or beliefs of solidarity).Here not only the contrast between theacceptance of the three groups but also thecontrast between the acceptance of thevarying programs between and in-betweenthe groups is of utmost importance.However, the proposal has not beenaccepted. The project is discontinued.

2.6 Additional European Level Activity

In addition to the more substantial interna-tional comparative research which is con-ducted in many of the research projectsincluding collaboration with internationalpartners, the MZES is also engaged in otherEuropean-level activities. One of these is co-ordinating a European Summer School.

EURO Summer School "Integration ofSociological Theory and Research"(ISTAR)


Researchers: Stefani Scherer

Funding: MZES / ECSR


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The project providesadvanced training for graduate students and


young researchers in a Euro Summer Schoolwhich will take place in 2000, 2001 and2002. The Summer School is organised onbehalf of the European Consortium forSociological Research (ECSR) and will takeplace each year at one of its member insti-tutes .

The Summer School's specific focus is onintegrating sociological theory and empiricalresearch as well as strengthening compara-tive research in Europe. It aims at developingstudents' understanding of how to constructtheories so that they have explanatorypotential in relation to established researchfindings and how to design research in orderto provide a basis for the empirical testingand critique of theory.

Substantive topics are drawn from the inter-national comparative research agenda, cov-ering central issues of the integration ofEuropean societies and the development ofthe nations within that process. For moredetails please visit the project's web pageshttp://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/ecsr/.

The Summer School contributes to the for-mation of a well-trained community ofyoung researchers in Europe, providing themwith the increasingly needed comparativeknowledge about converging or divergingdevelopments in European societies.


The purpose of the project is to strengtheninternational comparative research by con-tributing to the education of youngresearcher and PhD students from all over

Europe and to facilitate exchange and co-operation among them. The main projectactivities referred to the organisation andespecially the co-ordination of the ECSRSummer School ‚Integrating SociologicalTheory and Research ISTAR', combining aGraduate School and Workshops, whichstarted in 1999 at the MZES. A detailedprogramme for the years 2000- 2001 was setup and has been implemented with greatsuccess. Details may be found underhttp://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/ecsr. Themain activity in 2001 was the GraduateSchool on Family, Gender and Social Stratifi-cation and the subsequent Workshops onrelated topics, in Stockholm, August 22-27,2001. Both events were organised by theSwedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).After this first successful phase of establish-ing the ECSR Summer School, the Co-ordi-nation has been transferred to the Economicand Social Research Institute (ESRI) Dublin.Future Summer Schools will be organisedunder the chair of Philip O'Connell, ESRI.Firm commitments for hosting the SummerSchool exist from institutes in Amsterdam,Belfast, Trento and the ICS in the Nether-lands.


22 - 27 August 2001, ECSR Graduate School‚Integrating Sociological Theory andResearch (ISTAR)' on: Family, Gender andSocial Stratification and ECSR Workshops atSOFI in Stockholm.

49

3 Research Department B:European Political Systems and Their Integration

Introduction

Research in Department B is focused on thefuture of democratic governance both withinand beyond the nation state and on thedynamics of inter-national relations withinand between states.

Individual projects differ in so far as someput emphasis more on the micro-, others onthe meso- or macro-level of national systemsor concentrate their research on the regionalor international system. What they have incommon, however, is that they take a com-parative view. In order to attribute distinctphenomena to specific actor properties orcontext factors, most research projects covera large number of systems. Western Europeis the preferred geographical space for theexploration of the conditions and reasons fordifferent patterns of political involvement ofcitizens, of distinct patterns of party com-petition and of the electoral process.

Another common feature is the awareness ofthe strong interdependence between politicaltransformations at the domestic and theregional and international level. This inter-dependence is particularly relevant for themember states of the European Union. Howsupranational regional integration conditionsthe way in which responsive and responsiblegovernment is functioning at the nationallevel and how it affects democratic repre-sentation, citizens' participation and patternsof interest intermediation is a matter ofparticular concern. Other projects explorewhether or not distinct patterns of politicalparticipation, electoral decisions and party

formation emerge in the supra-nationalcontext of the EU.

Different context conditions apply to theCentral and East European countries. Theprocess of political and economic transfor-mation has been steadied in recent years.Some countries, however, are still conflictridden and it is worth exploring in a com-parative perspective how different types ofconflict regulation contribute to the inten-sification or moderation of national conflicts.

The process of nation-building and systemtransformation takes place in the shadow oftwo hegemonic powers: The Russian Federa-tion tries to influence its "near abroad"according to its own domestic priorities andforeign policy preferences. The EuropeanUnion offers membership for “ the willingand the able” which entails a strong demandfor political and economic structural adjust-ment. Irrespective of how the European sys-tem of regional co-operation will develop, itwill have a considerable impact both on thedomestic political systems and on the inter-state relations. This holds particularly truefor those countries which live along theborder line of the enlarged EU.

Last, not least, international interdependenceis highly relevant for Europe. Institutional-ised co-operation at the global level has astrong and direct impact on the institutionaldevelopment at the regional and nationallevel. On the other hand, European govern-ments, the EU and Non-GovernmentalOrganisations take part in international gov-ernance and contribute to shape globalisa-tion.

50 Research Department B: European Political Systems and Their Integration

In 2001 researchers in Department B wereengaged in about 28 projects. As in the past,research has been organised in five ResearchAreas:

– Participation and Electoral Decisions;

– Governance in Europe;

– Development of a European RegionalSystem;

– Institutionalisation of International Ne-gotiation Systems;

– Nation-Building in Europe.

The individual research areas embrace proj-ects that start from different theoretical andmethodological approaches. Joint colloquiaand informal exchange stimulate the debatebetween scholars and contribute to a vividintellectual climate. Testing the explanatorypower of complementary and competingtheories is expressis verbis the constitutivelogic of the research group on "Institution-alisation of International Negotiation Sys-tems". Joint discussions of individualresearch results and common workshops withinternational experts have contributed tobetter understand the different analyticalapproaches applied within the research groupand to improve the individual theoretical andmethodological frameworks.

Individual projects in Department B eithercontinue a valuable tradition of research ofthe Mannheim Centre like the "Yearbook ofResearch on the History of Communism" orare complementing and deepening particularaspects of current research programmes.

Most of the research has progressed in linewith the medium-term research programme.About eleven projects that have been pre-sented in the past are still ongoing. They willnot presented here as they have been cov-ered in the last annual report and further

information can be found in the individualproject reports. Attention should rather bedrawn to projects finished or started. Twoprojects (both financed by the VolkswagenFoundation) have been completed in 2001:

– “Brussels or Moscow: The Foreign PolicyOrientation of Belarus, Poland, the SlovakRepublic, and Ukraine in the Post-Com-munist Processes of Integration andTransformation” (Egbert Jahn, AstridSahm). The empirical investigation hasrevealed quite a complex picture of inte-gration competition both at the regional- between Brussels and Moscow - and atthe sub-regional level – between Polandand Ukraine, two countries that aim forleadership with respect to their neigh-bouring countries. NATO enlargement,Partnership for Peace and accessionnegotiations with the European Unionhave in the past and will in the futureconsiderably change the nature of theintegration competition. Up to now,countries like Belarus and Ukraine havepursued different strategies concerningEU membership. After enlargement, how-ever, they will both have to adapt to EUnorms and standards in order to becomecompetitive on EU markets. This mayincite them to reconsider their long termstrategies. The option is either to joinforces with Russia and ask for entranceinto the EU or to seek support fromcountries like Poland in order to influ-ence EU policies in their favour.

– “The Relationship between the Czech andSlovak Republics after the Dissolution oftheir Common State” (Egbert Jahn,Andreas Reich): Among the main causesthat prompted and facilitated thepeaceful division of Czechoslovakia was

Introduction 51

the start of the process of democratisa-tion. Apart from a strong element ofpath-dependency, the bilateral relationsbetween both states developed very muchin response to the continuing process ofinternal transformation and of the differ-ent options concerning integration intoNATO and into the European Union.

The department has been quite successful inobtaining grants for research projects andresearch networks:

– “Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy”(Jan van Deth, Sigrid Roßteutscher, SonjaZmerli): The project is part of the ESF-network aimed at a comparative study onpolitical and social involvement. A com-mon core questionnaire has been devel-oped and is applied to a representativesample of the German population. Afterfunding has been made available by theGerman Research Foundation (DFG) thefield study was started and has beencompleted in the meantime.

– “Comparative Analysis of Party Platformsfor the European Election” (HermannSchmitt): The project aims to exploreunder what conditions voters take noticeof party platforms and orient their votingbehaviour accordingly. The applicationhas just recently been approved by theDFG.

– “Governance in the European Union”(Beate Kohler-Koch): The DFG has allot-ted funds to support research co-opera-tion which in the past year has concen-trated on EU constitutional issues.

– “Governance in an Expanded Multi-levelSystem” (Michèle Knodt, Su Ling Tseng,Birgit Hellmann): In most issue areas theEU is embedded in a dense network of

global governance. The project examinesto what extend and depending on whatkind of institutional and context factorsthis embeddedness has an impact on theinstitutional change of the EU. The proj-ect is funded by the DFG in the researchprogramme on “EU governance” .

– “Strategy Options of International Gov-ernance" (Beate Kohler-Koch, FabriceLarat): The project, supported by theVolkswagen Foundation) seeks to betterunderstand conceptual differences ingoverning international relations. Thehypothesis is that designing strategies ofinternational governance are influencedby individual perceptions of internationalpolitical order which are represented inparticular 'worldviews'.

– “European Health Policy and nationalregulation of pharmaceutical markets”(Franz Urban Pappi, Paul Thurner, PeterKotzian): The aim is to develop a theo-retical framework for analysing the insti-tutionalisation of systems of permanentnegotiation. Particular focus is on the“Round Tables on Completing the SingleMarket for Pharmaceuticals” .

– “Organisational structure and the facilita-tion of argumentative action in interna-tional negotiation systems” (BeateKohler-Koch, Thomas Conzelmann) is afollow-up project in the interdisciplinaryresearch group supported by the DFG. Itconcentrates on the relevance ofideational discourse for the emergence ofeffective and durable negotiations.

– “ International Management of Conflictsof Ethnic Nationalism in Eastern Europe”(Egbert Jahn, Claudia Wagner): The DFGhas approved the continuation of theproject which investigates the role of


international organisations, NGOs, localactors in conflict resolution and strate-gies to consolidate peace.

New projects emerged partly from earlierprojects or in order to complement ongoingresearch:

– “Targeted Political Socialisation” (Jan vanDeth, Marina Berton) deals with politicalsocialisation and democratic participa-tion. Starting from the assumption thatthe development of a democratic person-ality and civic attitudes start at youngage, the project will explore the basicorientations of children concerningdemocracy by the time they enter ele-mentary school.

– “ Implications of Institutional Parametersfor Electoral Decision-Making in Multi-party Systems“ (Franz Urban Pappi, PaulThurner, Thomas Gschwend): Taking forgranted that electoral rules provideincentives to vote strategically, the aim isto develop a theory to explain the politi-cal consequences of strategic voting indifferent electoral systems.

– “European Party Federations: DrivingForce of European Integration or Lag-gard?” (Jan van Deth, Thomas Poguntke,Christine Pütz): Particular attention willbe given to the degree of political inte-gration of EU party federations and theirrelation to and relative independencefrom national parties and the parliamen-tary groups in the European Parliament.

– “Mobilisation, Participation and Orga-nisation via new Information and Com-munication Technologies" (Andrea Röm-mele): The project investigates in a Eu-ropean comparative perspective the

relevance of the internet for linkingpolitical party leaders to the public.

As in past years, research is predominantlycomparative covering a broad range of Euro-pean countries. The individual researches arewell connected to the national and interna-tional political science community. Theythemselves prove to be strong in scientificnetworking bringing together scholars fromall over Europe to get engaged in jointresearch or in evaluating ongoing research ofthe MZES:

Jan van Deth has taken the lead in estab-lishing an international working group offourteen members in the framework of theEuropean Science Foundation (ESF).

For six years now Beate Kohler-Koch hasacted as co-ordinator of the interdisciplinarynational research programme on “Govern-ance in the European Union” funded by theGerman Research Foundation that up to nowhas covered more than 60 individual researchprojects, several of them located at Mann-heim.

The TMR Research Network "Political Rep-resentation and Electoral Behaviour in theEuropean Union", co-ordinated by HermannSchmitt, has not just managed to contributesubstantively to linking relevant researchactivities all over Europe but has built upsome trans-national training component likea regularly organised school on researchmethodology.

Furthermore, conferences and workshopsorganised in the context of multilateralresearch activities bring a large number ofoutstanding scholars to the MZES (seeappendix).

Research Area 1: Participation and Electoral Decisions 53

The productivity of research done inDepartment B is further documented bypapers presented at national and interna-tional conferences and panels and workshopsconvened at international conferences.

Publication output is worthwhile mention-ing:

– 7 books,

– 20 articles (mainly in peer review jour-nals),

– 22 articles in edited volumes,

– 3 working papers.

Last not least, the "Mannheimer Jahrbuchfür Europäische Sozialforschung" has againbeen edited by members of the team ofDepartment B (Thomas Conzelmann, MichèleKnodt).

The "Yearbook of Research on the History ofCommunism" has been edited as a doublevolume 2000/2001 and also contains "TheInternational Newsletter of Historical Studieson Comintern, Communism and Stalinism".

Apart from research, members of the MZEShave been active in

– advising the European Commission in thepreparation of the White Book on Euro-pean Governance,

– peer review committees of the EU andthe German Research Foundation (DFG),

– evaluating institutions of the Max-PlanckSociety and individual departments ofother universities,

– representing the Union of the GermanAcademies of Science in the EuropeanScience Foundation (ESF),

– governing boards and scientific commit-tees of national and internationalresearch institutions,

– taking responsibility for the advancementof European Studies in China.

Looking at the activities listed like the pre-sentation of papers or lectures at interna-tional conferences and looking at the pub-lication output, researches of Department Bhave been quite successful.

3.1 Research Area 1: Participation andElectoral Decisions

Do political decisions meet the wishes anddemands of citizens? In a representativedemocracy political parties express the inter-ests of citizens and they participate in deci-sion-making processes. However, electoralpolitics is not the only way to establish thislink. Main research topics in this researcharea are: (1) distinct modes of politicalinvolvement of citizens, (2) competitionamong parties, and (3) the representation ofcitizens' interests.

Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy(CID)

Director: Jan van Deth

Researchers: -

Funding: European ScienceFoundation


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: CID is an interna-tional network of researchers from fourteenEuropean countries, financed by the Euro-pean Science Foundation (ESF) and directedby Jan van Deth (for detailed information seehttp://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/projekte/cid). The network accepted an


extensive Common Core questionnaire onquestions concerning social and politicalparticipation, small democracy, social capital,and citizen virtues. Identical populationsurveys will be conducted by all participatingcountries in the course of 2000 and 2001.The network also decided to conduct acomparative study on intermediaryorganisations. At the local level (MZES), thenetwork decisions are realised through thetwo separately financed projects listed below.


Aim of the Network is to co-ordinate andstimulate international collaborative socialscientific research in the field of social andpolitical participation in democratic societies.The Network developed a common researchdesign carried out in a number of countriesincluding surveys among the population andamong activists. To this aim Common CoreQuestionnaires have been created and trans-lated into English, German, French, Italian,Danish, Spanish, and Dutch. After the collec-tion of data had been finished in Denmarkand Russia in 2000, fieldwork took place inSwitzerland, The Netherlands, Germany, andPortugal in 2001. Preparations are under wayto collect data in Spain, Slovenia, Rumania,Moldavia, and Italy in late 2001/early 2002.The main scholarly results of the Network in2001 include: - Intensive communicationbetween the participants in order toimplement the common research design andquestionnaires in comparable ways. -Determination and distribution of a detailedinstruction how to code the data obtained innational studies. - Start of the constructionof an integrated data set (including the datafrom Denmark, Switzerland, Germany,Russia, and Portugal) to facilitate

collaborative research. A first version of thisdata set will be available early 2003.


- Meeting (Madrid; July 2001) of researchersinvolved in the collection of data on volun-tary associations and activists in severalcountries in order to enhance the com-parability of the results. Determination of acommon research design for the organisa-tional studies. - Meeting (Mannheim; Sep-tember 2001) for young scholars in the net-work to discuss their common research inter-ests and to improve their involvement andcommunication. - Meeting (Geneva; October2001) for the Network to discuss the prog-ress of the project. Determination of theaccessibility and use of the integrated datasets on the basis of a division of labour anda collaborative publication policy.


William Maloney, June - August 2001, Uni-versity of Aberdeen

Welfare through Organisations: AComparative Analysis of British andGerman Associational Life

Director: Jan van Deth,Sigrid Roßteutscher

Researchers: Marina Berton

Funding: AGF


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The aim of thisproject is to add local and organisationalcontext to the representative national sam-ples that are conducted at the same time. Inparticular, it explores i) the density, rangeand diversity of the voluntary sector in dif-


ferent institutional and cultural contexts, ii)the internal organisational structure of thevoluntary sector in different institutional andcultural contexts, and iii) whether differencesin the internal structure and participatoryopportunities explain differences betweenactivists and volunteers concerning democ-racy, trust, citizenship, and welfare. Thefollowing tasks have been accomplished inMannheim and all other participating com-munities: i) an extensive mapping of allexisting clubs, associations and networks, ii)the design of a common organisationalquestionnaire, iii) a postal survey of allorganisations, iv) the design of a CommonCore questionnaire to members of selectedorganisations. Early 2001, postal question-naires will be sent to volunteers and activemembers of selected organisation.


The project is part of the international ESF-network on "Citizenship, Involvement,Democracy". The project consists of twoparts: i) the mapping and survey of allexisting organisations in Mannheim andAberdeen, and ii) a survey of activists andvolunteers of selected organisations. It is theproject's major aim to relate different politi-cal, institutional and cultural contexts anddifferent organisational traits to activists'and volunteers' attitudes and activities con-cerning welfare and democracy in general. InJanuary 2001, the first phase of the projectwas completed. 1.618 organisational ques-tionnaires were inputted and a meeting inAberdeen took place to discuss problems ofcoding, data cleaning and first steps of theempirical analyses. The empirical results wereused to select organisations who were askedto participate in the second phase of theproject: the survey of activists and volun-

teers. It has been of crucial importance tothe central aim of the project that the selec-tion of organisations represents the entirespectrum of the organisational life in Mann-heim and Aberdeen. A total of 560 Mann-heim organisations were selected, the ques-tionnaire was developed. The mailing of circa6.000 individual questionnaires began inFebruary 2001 and lasted till July 2001. AnSPSS data input mask was developed anddata inputting started in May 2001. In Julyand August 2001 the end of award reportwas written and sent to the 'Anglo-GermanFoundation for the Study of IndustrialSocieties' (AGF). First publications were pre-pared. William Maloney and SigridRoßteutscher will present a paper on "Wel-fare through Organisations" on an ECPRworkshop in Turin in March 2002, a bookproposal has been drafted. The book pro-posal and other publications were discussedand prepared during a project meeting inAberdeen that took place in December 2001.Extensive exchange with colleagues fromStuttgart (Oskar Gabriel, IsabellThaidigsmann, Angelika Vetter) took place inorder to prepare and support the replicationof this project in the East German city ofJena and several smaller communities in thearea of Jena and Mannheim. In Madrid (July2001) and Geneva (October 2001) the con-tent and structure of a comparative volumewith the title "Associations as participatoryvehicles" were discussed and finalised. Thissecond book project will include materialfrom all countries who participated in theESF network on 'Citizenship, Involvement,Democracy'. William Maloney and SigridRoßteutscher (in co-operation withHanspeter Kriesi, Geneva) are the co-ordina-tors of this book project. Moreover, planswere developed to integrate the project into


a second international network on "Multi-cultural democracy in European Cities".William Maloney, Sigrid Roßteutscher andJan van Deth participated on internationalmeetings (see conferences 1 and 2 below) todiscuss the framework of this new co-opera-tion, in November 2001 a proposal for anESF network was launched.


22 -23 March 2001, NIAS Conference onEthnic Communities and MulticulturalDemocracy, Wassenaar, The Netherlands.Participant: Sigrid Roßteutscher, Jan vanDeth. Presentation: "1. The ESF network on'Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy' (Janvan Deth), 2. Ethnic organisations in Mann-heim (Sigrid Roßteutscher)".

28 - 29 June 2001, 2nd NIAS Conference onEthnic Communities and MulticulturalDemocracy, Wassenaar, The Netherlands.Participant: Sigrid Roßteutscher.

20 - 21 July 2001, 3rd taskforce meeting ofthe organisational component of the ESFnetwork on 'Citizenship, Involvement,Democracy', Madrid. Participant: SigridRoßteutscher.

12 – 14 October 2001, General meeting ofthe ESF network on 'Citizenship, Involve-ment, Democracy', Geneva. Participant:Sigrid Roßteutscher, Stefanie Stuck, Jan vanDeth, Sonja Zmerli.


In January, 25 - 28 2001, a conference washeld in Aberdeen, UK. Aim of the meetingwas an agreement on guidelines concerningcoding and cleaning of the organisationaldata and the preparation of the activistssurvey. Participants were Marina Berton,Sigrid Roßteutscher, Jan van Deth (Mann-

heim) and William Maloney, Linda Stevenson(Aberdeen).

In December, 10 - 15 2001, a second projectmeeting was held in Aberdeen, UK: Aim ofthis meeting was the preparation of a paperto be presented at the upcoming ECPR jointsession of workshops in Turin 2002, thecompletion of a book proposal for theAnglo-German book series and discussion offurther dissemination strategies. Participantswere William Maloney (Aberdeen) and SigridRoßteutscher (Mannheim).


William Maloney, June to August 2001,University of Aberdeen/UK

Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy

Director: Jan van Deth,Sigrid Roßteutscher

Researchers: Sonja Zmerli

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: Major goal of thispart of the project is the application of theCommon Core questionnaire of the ESF-network to a representative sample of theGerman population. The Common Coreapplies a very broad conception of 'involve-ment'. On the one hand, it contains numer-ous questions on political and socialinvolvement based on conventionalapproaches in this area. On the other hand,democratic theories recently emphasisedmodes of citizens' participation which gobeyond the traditional concepts of both'conventional', institutionalised modes ofparticipation and 'unconventional', non-institutionalised protest activities. In par-


ticular, the concepts of 'consumer' democ-racy, and of 'direct' or 'small' democracy,based upon an active relationship betweenpublic service providers, on the one hand,and their clients, on the other, have shiftedthe attention from the realm of 'big' politicsto the immediate concerns of day-to-daylife. The coverage of all these areas in aCommon Core questionnaire, conducted inmany different European societies, providesthe opportunity to test several crucial ques-tions posed by current debates about SocialCapital, Civil Society and the future of thewelfare state.

The following tasks have been accomplished:

i) the English Common Core questionnaire ofthe ESF network was translated into German,

ii) a pre-test instrument was developed incollaboration with a professional surveyinstitute (infas, Bonn),

iii) pre-tests were conducted,

iv) from February to June 2001, the mainstudy was in the field.

Data: Representative Population Survey



In Germany, the fieldwork of the CommonCore Questionnaire was accomplished inJune 2001. Subsequently, the German dataset was adjusted according to the require-ments of the integrated CID data file.Empirical analyses focussing on the Germandata are currently under way.


29 May 2001, “ Is civic participation withoutrisks?” , Mainz. Participant: Sonja Zmerli.

15 - 20 September 2001, “Social Capital:Interdisciplinary Perspectives” , Exeter, GB.

Participant: Sonja Zmerli. Presentation:"Different forms, different effects? The rele-vance of bonding and bridging aspects ofsocial capital".

12 -13 October 2001, Conference of the CIDNetwork, Geneva, CH. Participant: SonjaZmerli.

Targeted Political Socialization

Director: Jan van Deth

Researchers: Marina Berton

Funding: MZES



Research question/goal: Political Socialisa-tion starts early in childhood and not duringadolescence. Crucial impulses for the devel-opment of democratic personalities and civil-cultural attitudes start at young age. Basedon this assumption the project focuses onyoung children. After a detailed literaturestudy and the development of a first researchdesign in the initial phase of the project themajor aims have been specified. A new titleis adopted ("Learning to live democracy(LLF): Possibilities for development of chil-dren in families and elementary schools")according to this specification. The projectaims to obtain information about politicalinvolvement, understandings, and basic ori-entations of children towards Europeandemocracy by the time they enter elementaryschool. Besides, interviews with parents andteachers are planned as well as the collectionof information about school (climate, socialarea… ). In this way, the relative impact andrelevance of socialisation agents and -instances can be estimated. The same chil-dren will be interviewed at the start and atend of their first school year.


Data: Two-wave panel design with struc-tured in-depth interviews



The project activities during the year 2000were mainly literature search and study, thepreparations for and the development of aproject design. We also initiated first con-tacts to education ministry, local bureaucratsand additional project or school relevantpersons.


26 September 2001, WissenschaftlicheFachtagung "Jugend und Demokratie -Bestandsaufnahme und Perspektiven für diepolitische Bildung", organised by DVPW,Sektion: Politische Wissenschaft und poli-tische Bildung, in co-operation with Zentrumfür Schulforschung und Fragen der Lehrer-bildung (ZSL) and Landeszentrale für poli-tische Bildung, Sachsen-Anhalt, Halle (Saale).Participant: Marina Berton.

Electoral Competition and DecisionMaking in Multiparty Systems

Director: Franz Urban Pappi,Melvin Hinich

Researchers: Susumu Shikano



Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: In this project we tryto a) identify the ideological dimensionsunderlying the party competition in Ger-many, b) locate voters and parties in thisspace and c) to assess in a diachronic analy-sis on whether the space changes over time.For this aim we use the notion of ideological

spaces as defined by the American politicalscientists Enelow, Hinich and Munger. Thestatistical analyses are based on new tech-niques of multidimensional scaling devel-oped and programmed by Hinich.

Data: Survey Data



The Bundestag Elections from 1983 to 1998are used as an example to analyse the prob-lem of electoral competition in multipartysystems. In 2001, the following papers havebeen finished as part of a planned mono-graph on the topic. 1. Conceptualisation ofpoliticised social structures (Pappi: Die poli-tisierte Sozialstruktur heute – historischeReminiszenz oder aktuelles Erklärungspoten-tial), 2. Development of a measurementmodel for the normal vote in the researchperiod based on the German politicised socialstructure. (Pappi/Shikano: Die politisierteSozialstruktur als mittelfristig stabile Basiseiner deutschen Normalwahl), 3. Analysis ofdiffering conditions of electoral competitionfor small and large parties (Pappi/Shikano:Sachpolitik und Kompetenz als Beurtei-lungskriterien von großen und kleinenWettbewerbern in deutschen Bundes-tagswahlkämpfen, S. 309-350 in H.-D.Klingemann / M. Kaase, eds., Wahlen undWähler, Wiesbaden 2001), 4. Analysis ofVoter’s Perceptions of Policy Positions ofParties and Possible Coalition Governments(Pappi: Die Wahrnehmung der politischenStandpunkte der Parteien durch die Wähler),5. Analysis of the relative importance ofparty and candidate evaluations for the vot-ing decision (Pappi/Shikano: Personalisierungder Politik in Mehrparteiensystemen amBeispiel der deutschen Bundestagswahlenseit 1980). Work in progress: Retrospective


evaluations and policy distances as short-term forces on the electoral decision duringthe Kohl era.

Implications of InstitutionalParameters for Electoral Decision-Making in Multiparty Systems

Director: Franz Urban Pappi,Paul Thurner

Researchers: Thomas Gschwend

Funding: MZES



Research question/goal: There is an increas-ing interest in the consequences of differentelectoral systems on the strategies of votersas well as candidates and parties. Electoralrules provide incentives to vote strategically.In this project we are interested in the con-sequences of these incentives on electoralbehaviour. Moreover we develop a theory toexplain the political consequences of strate-gic voting in different electoral systems.

Data: Survey Data, Aggregate Data

Geographic space: Europe


In order to explain the political consequencesof strategic voting in different electoralsystems at the aggregate level and theprocess of strategic voting at the individuallevel we are going to test our hypothesesusing experimental-, individual- andaggregate-level data. The results areexpected to illuminate not only theories ofelectoral behaviour but also yield concretesuggestions for constitutional design. In July2001 Thomas Gschwend joined this projectas post-doctoral research fellow. A project

proposal is in preparation and will be soonsubmitted for funding. Collaborative work onthis project is based on previous studies ofPappi and Thurner, forthcoming at theEuropean Journal of Political Research, andGschwend's recently finished dissertation atthe State University of New York at StonyBrook about "Strategic Voting in MixedElectoral Systems". Besides the project pro-posal development the main work on theproject this year was the preparation of amanuscript about "Strategic Voting in PRSystems". This jointly authored manuscript issubmitted and currently under review at amajor American political science journal.


July 2001, Annual Political Science Method-ology Conference, Atlanta. Participant:Thomas Gschwend (together with ChadKing). Presentation: "Assigning the MajorityOpinion: A Replication and Extension".

August 2001, Annual Meeting of the Ameri-can Political Science Association, SanFrancisco. Participant: Thomas Gschwend.Presentation: "Ticket-Splitting and StrategicVoting in Mixed Electoral Systems".

European Party Federations: DrivingForce of European Integration orLaggard?

Director: Jan van Deth,Thomas Poguntke

Researchers: Christine Pütz

Funding: MZES



Research question/goal: The European Par-liament forces the political parties of theEuropean Union into a European frame of


interaction. Although significant differencespersist, parties have managed to form groupsin the European Parliament that are alongthe traditional ideological dividing lines.Their counterparts outside the EuropeanParliament exist in the form of party federa-tions, which have so far only played a secon-dary role. Truly European elections, that is,elections which are fought primarily overEuropean (as opposed to national) issues arealmost inconceivable without strong Euro-pean party federations. The project analysesthe degree of integration of those partyfederations. Particular attention will be givento the question of whether or not there aretendencies to strengthen these federationsvis-à-vis the respective national parties andthe parliamentary party in the Europeanparliament.

Data: party documents, interviews, analysisof literature

Geographic space: EU


Since April 2001 a project proposal whichwill be submitted to the German ResearchFoundation (DFG) in march 2002 is prepared.Firstly, the relevant research literature hasbeen scrutinised. At the centre of interest arethe European political party federations andthe European polity, but also the theoreticaldebate of the European integration processand the democratic deficit of the Europeanmulti-level system. Secondly, relevantempirical data and primary documents havebeen compiled, the main sources being pub-lic opinion surveys (Eurobarometer) andparty documents (statutes, platforms,organigrams). On the basis of the researchliterature and the data, the research outlinefor a comparative study on the functioning

of Euro-parties in the multi-level polity ofthe European Union will be developed.


6 - 11 April 2001, ECPR joint session 2001.Workshop: "Causes and Consequences ofOrganisational Innovation in EuropeanPolitical Parties", University of Grenoble(France). Participant: Christine Pütz (Partici-pation on a paper with Florence Haegel andNicolas Sauger). Presentation: "Organiza-tional Changes and Democratization inFrench Right Wing Political Parties".

22 - 24 June 2001, French Researcher Con-ference 2001: "Law in Politics and Society ofFrance", German-French Institute, Lud-wigsburg. Participant: Christine Pütz.


4 - 20 December 2001, Fellowship ofThomas Poguntke, Professor at the KeeleUniversity (Britain) who is one of the direc-tors of the project.

Political Representation and ElectoralBehaviour in the European Union(TMR)

Director: Hermann Schmitt

Researchers: Andrea Römmele

Funding: EU


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: This research net-work is to explore the functioning of repre-sentative democracy in the European Union.It is the research objective to secure a majoradvance in the understanding of the existingelectoral processes within the EU. In doingso it will substantially extend the scope ofcomparative research in European political


science and sociology and help develop anintegrated European research base in thestudy of political behaviour and institutions.

Data: elite and mass surveys, quantitativecontent analysis, roll call analysis data



In 2001, project activities concentrated onthe "deliverables" of our contract with theEuropean Commission. In terms of researchefforts, these include three further bookmanuscripts: (a) The Electoral Connection:Preconditions, Mechanisms, and Conse-quences of Voting in Western Europe (eds.Römmele and Schmitt). An introduction wasdrafted and discussed; chapter drafts werecommented upon and further revised. (b)The European Voter (eds. Curtice andThomassen). An authors conference wasconvened at the Zentralarchiv für EmpirischeSozialforschung in Cologne. The structureand content of the common dataset (whichis to be created from NES studies in six WestEuropean countries)and the contents of thedifferent book chapters was further defined.(c) Democracy in the New Europe (eds.Klingemann). The book outline was furtherdiscussed and chapter drafts were elaborated.(These are to be discussed at an authorsconference at the WZB in Berlin in February2002).


2 March 2001, Staff Seminar of theCEVIPOF, Paris. Participant: HermannSchmitt. Presentation: "The SimultaneousAnalysis of Party Preferences in Multi-PartySystems".

30 August - 2 September 2001, AnnualMeeting of the American Political ScienceAssociation, San Francisco. Participant:

Hermann Schmitt. Presentation: "StrategicNon-Voting in European Parliament Elec-tions (together with Cees van der Eijk)".

6 - 8 September 2001, 1st General Confer-ence of the ECPR, Canterbury. Participants:Hermann Schmitt and Cees van der Eijk.Presentation: Organisation of Section 15"Voting and Party Competition".

6 - 8 September 2001, 1st General Confer-ence of the ECPR, Canterbury. Participant:Hermann Schmitt. Presentation: "How Rep-resentative Democracy Works".


Third Annual Project Conference in Paris,France, in conjunction with the TN/EPSNETLaunch Conference.


Laura Castiglioni, May 2001 - April 2002,University of Milan, Italy; Raul TormosMarin, May 2001 - April 2002, University ofBarcelona, Spain; Johan Martinsson, May2001 - April 2002, University of Gothenburg,Sweden; Alice Ludvig, May 2001 - April2002, University of Vienna, Austria; RachelGibson Ph.D., August 2001 - April 2002,University of Salford, England.

Comparative Analysis of PartyPlatforms for the European Election


Researchers: N.N.

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: What are the con-ditions under which political parties succeedin making their EP election manifestosknown to the voters? And, what is more,


under which conditions become program-matic statements of competing parties rele-vant for participation and party choice in EPelections? These questions motivate theEuropean Election Study 1999. Any effort toanswer them must first establish content-analytical measures of programmatic state-ments of parties at the occasion of EP elec-tions. This shall be done in a way to allowfor analyses of changes over time (1979-99)and cross-level contrasts (second vs. first-order elections).

Data: quantitative content analysis combinedwith survey data

Geographic space: EU member countries


In 2001, project activities concentrated onthe submission of the research proposal tothe DFG (in January), the answering ofquestions of DFG reviewers (in August) and,after the project was approved (in October),the recruitment of two researchers who willcarry out the project (in November). In addi-tion, efforts to collect as many as possibleEuromanifestos were continued.

Political Leaders and DemocraticElections


Researchers: Hermann Schmitt

Funding: MZES


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: Mass electoralbehaviour is portrayed to be changing. Whilelong-term determinants such as social-structural locations and party identificationsare becoming less important, the relevance

of short-term factors - issues and candidates- is said to be increasing. On the backgroundof processes of personalisation inherent intelevised political communication, the effectof political leaders on the vote should par-ticularly increase. However, leader effects arenot only predicted to vary over time. Impor-tant variation is expected between politicalsystems, parties, and even between differentcategories of voters. In presidential systemssuch as the U.S., for example, political lead-ers may be more in the foreground of politi-cal decision-making than their counterpartsin parliamentary systems are. Similarly, lead-ers of large political parties are more likely tobe the next head of government (and tohave a decisive effect on the policy of thefuture government) and thus more importantand visible than their colleagues from smallerparties. As regards different sorts of voters,finally, it seems obvious that "dealigned"citizens without stable attachments with apolitical party are more susceptible to leadereffects on the vote than party identifiers areas are, for instance, poorly informed voters,and late (vote) deciders.

Data: National Election Study Surveys

Geographic space: Western Democracies (9countries with long series of national elec-tion studies)


In 2001 project activities concentrated ontwo aspects. One was the book proposal. Atable of contents (including chapter abstractsand lead authorships) was elaborated, dis-cussed and agreed by the project group. Inaddition, an introduction was drafted, dis-cussed and revised according to the com-ments received from the larger group. Bothbook proposal and introduction was sent toOxford University Press and a contract is


being prepared. The second major aspect isthe preparation of the data set. By the endof the year, teams from all 9 participatingcountries delivered extracts of identical setsof variables from their National ElectionStudies, for as many studies as possible. Thisextracts were checked and integrated at theMZES, and a beta version of the integrated9-nation-dataset has been distributed.


Members of the group met in conjunctionwith the 1st ECPR General Conference at theUniversity of Kent at Canterbury, England, inSeptember 2001. The draft book intro-duction was presented and discussed, as wellas a report on the state of dataset construc-tion. The following members of the researchgroup managed to participate: Kees Aarts,University of Enschede, Andre Blais, Univer-sity of Montreal, John Curtice, University ofStrathclyde, Sören Holmberg, University ofGothenburg, Hermann Schmitt, University ofMannheim.

Political Support and Legitimacy in theNew Europe


Researchers: N.N.

Funding: MZES



Research question/goal: There is a danger ofa severe erosion of political support in theEuropean Union. Past research has portrayedpolitical support for EU government to befragile already now. On one hand, there is awidespread and slowly growing identificationwith the Union as a political community, andcitizens ideally wanted it to become respon-

sible for more rather than less policydomains. On the other hand, EU democracyis perceived to work worse than democracy"at home", and specific EU policies - if real-ised at all - are bureaucratic monsters formany (Schmitt and Thomassen 1999).

This precarious picture will become furthercomplicated by the forthcoming Easternenlargement of the Union. This will, first,affect the communitarian basis of legitimacybeliefs of EU citizens. Today, citizens' con-ception of a European "political community"concentrates much on the West of Europe.Many of the candidate countries from fartherEast are not perceived to belong to it. Sec-ond, the enlarging Union will have toredesign its political institutions and deci-sion-making procedures. This as well cannotleave political support unaffected. Last notleast, the policies of Eastern integration - inparticular the expected costs of integrationof new members - are likely to put the out-put-legitimacy of the European Union(Scharpf 1999) at risk. Overall, this processmight challenge the legitimacy of the multi-tiered political system of government ingeneral - that is to say that political supportfor national polities might also be affected.This is all the more severe as the means andstructures for the moulding and formation ofpolitical attitudes, opinions and orientations(politische Willensbildung, top down) areunderdeveloped at EU level.

Upon this background, the research agendaof the proposed TMR network is to assessthe structure of and dynamics in politicalsupport and government legitimacy in differ-ent political arenas (mainly national andEuropean) and in different places (old andnew member states and membership can-didate states) in view of the established trias


of support objects - policies, institutions andprocedures, and the political community.


In 2001, protect activities concentrated onthe building of a network of research insti-tutes interested in co-operating on this; theelaboration of a project proposal, the dis-cussion of it among the prospective projectpartners, and the submission of it as a TMRResearch and Training Network Proposal atthe European Commission. The evaluation ofthe proposal became known in November;the result is such that a funding under thecurrent call seems unrealistic, while a "reviseand resubmit" procedure is encouraged.


23 - 24 April 2001, Workshop "EuropeanCitizenship: beyond borders across iden-tities", European Commission, Brussels. Par-ticipant: Hermann Schmitt. Presentation:"Willensbildung und Interessenvertretung inder Europäischen Union".

30 August - 2 September 2001, AmericanPolitical Science Association, Annual Con-vention 2001, San Francisco. Participant:Hermann Schmitt. Presentation: "PoliticalLinkage in the European Union".

Mobilisation, Participation andOrganisation via new Information andCommunication Technologies (ICTs)

Director: Andrea Römmele

Researchers: Andrea Römmele

Funding: MZES



Research question/goal: The project explicitlyconnects to the existing studies but takes an

international comparative angle. Withresearchers from four other European insti-tutions (England, the Netherlands, Italy, andSweden) the question is pursued which rele-vance the internet has for political parties inconnecting leaders and led. How far can newICTs widen and deepen democratic partici-pation? Where is the Internet most likely toeffect change? Do country-specific contextsmake a difference? These are the keyresearch questions the project aims at find-ing answers to.


The project was conceptualised and an appli-cation was handed in at the DFG for a Hei-senberg-Fellowship. The fellowship wasrejected but with a advice to resubmit againwith some modifications. Other fundingsources are currently considered. A workshopat the ECPR in Grenoble in April 2001 wasorganised by the project leader together withRachel Gibson on the topic: Mobilisation,Participation and Organisation via new ICTs.A book proposal resulting out of workshoppapers was sent to Routledge. The manu-script is currently under review. In terms ofdata collection for the project it can bestated that all German parties represented inthe Bundestag have made the statistics ofthe homepage-users and homepage-hitsaccessible for our analysis. Also, e-mail-interviews have been held with the internet-managers of the respective parties. Onearticle has been published on new ICTs andGerman Parties, one article on Political Par-ties, ICTs and Political Communication iscurrently under review at Party Politics.


ECPR-workshop (director) in Grenoble, 6 -11 April 2001. Workshop title: Participation,

Research Area 2: Governance in Europe 65

Organisation and Mobilisation via new ICTs.(co-directed with Rachel Gibson).


Dr. Rachel K. Gibson, University of Salford,UK September 2001 - April 2002 (financedvia the TMR Project)

3.2 Research Area 2: Governance inEurope

Governance in the EU and in the individualEuropean political systems is characterised bygrowing interdependence. The close linkbetween national and EU governance hasbrought about institutional changes and hastransformed the strategies of negotiationand the representation of interests. It hasstrengthened the emergence of new modesof governance aimed at efficient problemsolving beyond the nation state. The mainfocus of research is on the empirical analysisof the functioning of a multi-level system ofgovernance, its transformation due to inter-national embeddedness and the effect it hason the future of representative democracy.Alternative strategies to increase the demo-cratic legitimacy of international governanceare explored and put in the context of inter-national institution building.

Governance in the European Union

Director: Beate Kohler-Koch(Co-ordination)

Researchers: -

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The programmebrings together researchers from differentdisciplines. It is funded by the German Re-search Foundation (DFG) and co-ordinatedby Beate Kohler-Koch. The programme sup-ports theory oriented empirical analysis fo-cusing on 'Governance in the EU'. Its objec-tive is a deeper knowledge of the function-ing of the EU system, the transformation ofthe involved national systems and in moregeneral terms the particularities of govern-ance beyond the nation state. Contributionsfrom economics and law, in particular, alsotake a normative view in terms of assessingthe efficiency and legitimacy of institutionalreforms.

Geographic space: EU member states andapplicant countries.

Project activities in 2001: Thirty-one appli-cations were submitted in response to thethird and last call for projects. Only abouthalf of them could be funded within theframework of the DFG programme. Consti-tutional questions have gained prominenceboth in political science, economics and law.Project activities have concentrated on (1)networking the newly established projects,(2) drawing conclusions from projects re-cently finished and (3) contributing to theon-going debate on “European Governance”through publications, conferences and takingpart in internal discussion of the EU Com-mission’s task force. A book manuscript on


“Linking EU and National Governance” hasbeen completed and accepted for publicationby Oxford University Press.

Conference participation/lectures: (by Prof.Kohler-Koch)

10 January 2001, lecture at the Verwal-tungshochschule Speyer on “Network Gov-ernance. The Political Evolution of an en-larged European Union” .

6 April 2001, lecture at the University ofVictoria, Vancouver Island, Canada on “TheTransformation of Governance in the EU” .

11 - 12 May 2001, conference on “ Ideas,Discourse and European Integration” atHavard University, Cambridge, Mass., paperpresented “On Networks, Travelling Ideas,and Behavioural Inertia” .

26 – 28 September, Annual Conference,Verein für Sozialpolitik on “Europe in Per-spective” at Magdeburg, plenary presentationon “Harmonization and systems competi-tion” (Politikangleichung und Wettbewerbder Institutionen).

17 – 18 October, Europe 2004: Le GrandDébat, Comité Scientific International duColloque de l’Action Jean Monnet, Brussels,paper presented “The Commission WhitePaper and the Improvement of EuropeanGovernance” .

22 – 23 October 2001, "Annual Meeting ofthe Danish Political Science Association",Copenhagen/Middlefart. Participant BeateKohler-Koch (MZES). Keynote speech on"The Evolution from a Compound Polity to aUnitary Political Space"

Organized workshops/conferences:

30 – 31 July 2001, Conference on “Govern-ance in the EU” , sponsored by the DFG,Bonn.

1 - 2 November 2001, interdisciplinary work-shop on “EU constitutional politics” (Verfas-sungspolitik für Europa), sponsored by theDFG, MZES, Mannheim.

Governance in an Expanded Multi-levelSystem

Director: Michèle Knodt

Researchers: Su Ling TsengBirgit Hellmann

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The project exam-ines the institutional change of the EUcaused by its embeddedness in the interna-tional system and the resulting institutionalchange. Empirically, the study analyses howthe relations between the EU and WTO arechanging the patterns of governance. Themain assumptions are: (a) the political sys-tem of the EU, which is characterised as asystem of governance between "Staaten-verbund" and supranational community, isfragile and open for change induced byexternal factors; (b) governance within thissystem is characterised by interactive andmulti-level policy-making. The project devel-ops two hypotheses:

– international embeddedness of the EUcauses institutional change within severaldimensions: formal organisation of thepolicy-making process, routines, guidingideas and concepts of legitimacy as wellas resources;

– these institutional changes lead to acentralisation of policy-making withinthe EU.

Research Area 2: Governance in Europe 67

In order to test these hypotheses, the extentof supranationality ("Vergemeinschaftungs-grad") of different issue areas has to betaken into account as intervening variable: 1)exclusive competence of the EU; 2) mixedcompetence; 3) cross-section of exclusiveand mixed competence; 4) initiatives perti-nent to a change of concepts of a legitimateorder. This research project focuses on thetime period between the establishment ofthe WTO (1995) and 2000. The criterion forthe selection of cases is their relevance forinstitutional change.

Data: documents, interviews



In May, the DFG approved the research proj-ect on "Governance in an expanded multi-level system" within the framework of theDFG's Interdisciplinary Research Programme"Governance in the EU". Project work at theMZES started in October. In the first phaseof the project, we developed the operation-alisation of the guiding question and chosethe cases for analysis. Even before the proj-ect was approved, there had been extensiveco-operation with researchers from abroad,leading to a common research proposalsubmitted to the V. Framework on the EU:"Global Governance: the EU, the WTO andthe Citizen", co-ordinated by Peter Holmes,University of Sussex, Brighton. Within theframework, close co-operation on the inter-national dimension of EU governance wasestablished with Bart Kerremans, UniversiteitLeuven, which resulted in a joint panelproposal for ECSA-Canada, 2002, Toronto,"Institutions and their Role in the EU'sExternal Trade Policies".


26 February - 3 March 2001, EU-ChinaFamiliarisation programme on "EuropeanGovernance", MZES Mannheim, in co-opera-tion with EU-China Higher Education Pro-gramme. Participant: Michèle Knodt. Pres-entation: "The EU and the WTO: a delicatedpartnership".

7 March 2001, Multi-level Governance in theEU, Workshop at the Chinese Academy ofSocial Science (CASS),Institute of EuropeanStudies, Beijing (China). Participant: MichèleKnodt. Presentation: "Governance in anexpanded multi-level system: EU and WTO".

13 March 2001, Aspects of European Inte-gration, Workshop at the Institute for Euro-pean Studies, Shandong University, Jinan(China). Participant: Michèle Knodt. Presen-tation: "Governance in an expanded multi-level system: EU and WTO".

15 March 2001, The Political System of theEuropean Union, Ph.D.-Workshop of theCentre of European and American Studiesand the History Department Institute ofInternational Relations, Nanjing University,Nanjing (China). Participant: Michèle Knodt.Presentation: "EU as an international Actor:Common European Foreign and SecurityPolicy (CFSP)".

17 March 2001, Regional Public andNational Private Actors in the EuropeanMulti-level System, Workshop of the Schoolof International Relations and Public Affairsand of the Centre for European Studies,Fudan University, Shanghai (China). Partici-pant: Michèle Knodt. Presentation: "EU'sinternational presence: the case of WTO".

20 March 2001, The EU in the World, Con-ference of Guangxi Normal University ,Guilin (China). Participant: Michèle Knodt.


Presentation: "The relationship of EU andWTO".

6 - 8 April 2001, ECPR Joint Session ofWorkshops, Workshop "Understanding theEU's International Presence", directed byMichèle Knodt and Sebastiaan Princen,Grenoble, a selection of the workshop paperswill be published in the Routledge book .Participant: Michèle Knodt (chair and papergiven). Presentation: "Governance in anExpanded Multi-level System".

30 - 31 July 2001, DFG conference "Regie-ren in der Europäischen Union", Bonn.Participant: Su-Ling Tseng, Birgit Hellmann;paper presented by Michèle Knodt. Presen-tation: "Governance in an Expanded Multi-level System".

8 - 10 September 2001, ECPR StandingGroup on International Relations, Pan-Euro-pean International Relations Conference,Panel "Institutional Reform and the EU'sIdentity in External Trade Relations", Canter-bury. Participant: Michèle Knodt. Presenta-tion: "Governance in an Extended Multi-Level System: EU Institutional Change as aConsequence of its Embeddedness in theWTO".


21 - 22 February 2001, Towards an AssertiveEurope. EU's international Presence, MZESMannheim, in co-operation with AEI (ECSAGermany), organised by Michèle Knodt;paper presented by Su-Ling Tseng: "Strategicnew partnerships - EU-China relations"

The Europeanization of InterestIntermediation: French TradeAssociations in ComparativePerspective

Director: Beate Kohler-Koch

Researchers: Christine Quittkat

Funding: Fritz ThyssenStiftung


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The research projectfocuses on French trade associations, theirorganisation, structure and strategies forEuropean interest representation and theirintegration into the European policy makingprocess. On the basis of a comprehensivesurvey of trade associations in France, Ger-many, the United Kingdom, and at the Euro-pean level, the existing differences and simi-larities between intermediate structures ofthe European Union and its member statesshall be explained in theoretical terms.

Data: Survey; Interviews

Geographic space: France; EU


Early in 2001 the interim report of the proj-ect was prepared for the Fritz-Thyssen-Foundation. In the first half of the year therefined data analysis of the trade associationsurvey was completed. Simultaneously, dur-ing the summer term a seminar for under-graduate students on "Intermediary Organi-sations in Germany and France", which wasbased on the project, has been hold at theUniversity of Mannheim by ChristineQuittkat. Since summer 2001 a first evalua-tion of the qualitative expert interviews hasbeen realised and the possibility of usingcomputer-supported content analysis is

Research Area 3: Development of a European Regional System 69

evaluated. As the interviews conducted in2000 turned out to be much more encom-passing than originally envisaged the projecthas been prolonged until February 2002,financed by the Fritz-Thyssen-Foundationand the MZES.


21 - 22 February 2001, Towards an AssertiveEurope: EU's International Presence, Confer-ence of the Arbeitskreis Europaeische Inte-gration e.V. (AEI), Mannheim. Participant:Christine Quittkat.

13 March 2001, Aspects of European Inte-gration, Workshop at the Institute for Euro-pean Studies, Shandong University, Jinan(China). Participant: Christine Quittkat. Pres-entation: "Interest Intermediation in theEuropean Union.".

15 March 2001, The Political System of theEuropean Union, Ph.D.-Workshop of theCentre of European and American Studiesand the History Department Institute ofInternational Relations, Nanjing University,Nanjing (China). Participant: ChristineQuittkat. Presentation: "Representing Busi-ness Interest in the European Union.".

17 March 2001, Regional Public andNational Private Actors in the EuropeanMulti-Level System, Workshop of the Schoolof International Relations and Public Affairsand of the Centre for European Studies,Fudan University, Shanghai (China). Partici-pant: Christine Quittkat. Presentation:"Europeanisation of National Trade Associa-tions.".

11 - 13 June 2001, Business InterestRepresentation in the European Union, Co-operation workshop, Amsterdam Institute forAdvanced Labour Studies. Participant:Christine Quittkat.

13 - 14 December 2001, Computer-Sup-ported Content Analysis, Workshop of theMZES and ZUMA (Zentrum fuer Umfragen,Methoden und Analysen), Mannheim. Par-ticipant: Christine Quittkat.


13 February 2001, Jan Beyers, KatholiekeUniversiteit Leuven, paper presented: TheSocial Basis of European Policy: The Adapta-tion of Belgian Societal Interest Groups tothe EU.

3.3 Research Area 3: Development of aEuropean Regional System

With the breakdown of the bipolar globalsystem Europe was open to a reconstructionof inter-state co-operation. The new archi-tecture of the European regional system isfounded on all embracing European organi-sations such as the OSCE, the Council ofEurope, on the expansion of Nato and theEU to the East, and on the special relationswhich the Russian Federation has establishedboth to these two organisations and toneighbouring countries. The integrationcompetition between Moscow and Brusselswill be investigated in the framework of theall-European integration process. Theenlargement of Western European institu-tions is embracing most of the Central andEastern European countries but will explicitlyexclude others and thus form a new dividingline in Europe. In this context it will be ana-lysed whether Moscow is in a position tobecome a separate centre of integration forEastern European states (CIS). This researchwill be complemented by another researchproject to be started in 2001. The decision to


enlarge the EU and to deepen EU co-opera-tion in matters of security and defence hascontributed to the upgrading of the EUwithin the European regional system. At thesame time the ongoing transformation of theEU will require an even closer co-operationwith other regional organisations, in par-ticular Nato and OSCE and might strengthenbilateral international relations. The envis-aged project dealing with the "Coupling ofInternational European Institutions" willinvestigate the interactions between organi-sations and member states and how thesecontribute to the emergence of a changingregional system.

Brussels or Moscow: The Foreign PolicyOrientation of Belarus, Poland, theSlovak Republic, and Ukraine in thePost-Communist Processes ofIntegration and Transformation

Director: Egbert Jahn

Researchers: Astrid Sahm

Funding: VW


Status: finished

Research question/goal: The project focuseson the impact of the limited expansionwhich the European Union and NATOapproved in 1997 on the foreign policy ori-entation in Belarus, Poland, the SlovakRepublic and Ukraine. It aims to test thecommon assumption that regional co-opera-tion can serve as an instrument to avoid arenewed division through the EuropeanContinent. The projects also investigatedwhether there are any relevant actors inthese four states which would consider Mos-

cow a viable alternative to Brussels as a cen-tre of integration.

Data: official documents, interviews, press,unofficial publications

Geographic space: Belarus, Poland, SlovakRepublic, Ukraine


In the last stage of the project the work wasfocused on the preparation of the finalreport for the VW foundation and of somepublications concerning the relationshipbetween the investigated countries and theconsequences of EU enlargement for them.To summarise the main results of the projectone can state that we can observe elementsof integration competition on several levels:- on the level of the relationship betweenBrussels and Moscow; - on the level ofinternal political conflicts on integrationstrategies within the countries and - on theregional level due to the ambitions of Polandand Ukraine to become some kind ofregional leader in the relationship to neigh-bouring countries. These different form ofintegration competition are framed by thefact of the limited EU enlargement finallypronounced in 1997 which leads to theemergence of "Insiders" and "Outsiders" inEastern Europe. The excluded countries, likeBelarus and Ukraine, basically have threeoptions at their disposal: - making do with a"weaker" variant of integration, i.e., withassociated status in the EU and "Partnershipfor Peace" status in NATO; - trying toaccommodate to EU and NATO criteria andtrying again and - searching for alternative'integration possibilities' besides NATO andthe EU. So far Ukraine has chosen the secondoption, while Belarus has preferred thesecond on. The process of EU enlargement,however, will significantly change the char-


acter of integration competition because theexcluded countries also have to adopt EUnorms and standards in order to becomecompetitive on EU markets. Belarus andUkraine, therefore, can choose between thestrategy of joining Europe together withRussia or the attempt of changing EU poli-cies towards the excluded countries with thehelp of the accessing countries like Poland inorder to mitigate the consequences of EUenlargement and to get the perspective ofEU access in the long future.


9 - 11 February 2001, Belarus 10 Years afterIndependence, Iserlohn. Participant: AstridSahm. Presentation: "Change by Approach".

1 - 3 March 2001, Borders and Debordering,Berlin. Participant: Astrid Sahm. Presenta-tion: "The New Neighbours of the enlargedEU - Chances and Challenges".

The Foreign Policy of the RussianFederation vis-à-vis Bulgaria and theFederal Republic of Yugoslavia:Potential for Conflict or Cooperationon the European Periphery?


Researchers: Peter Bonin

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The subject of theresearch project is the analysis of Russianforeign policy towards Bulgaria and the Fed-eral Republic of Yugoslavia. The study willon the one hand contribute to identifyingactors in Russia's political landscape whichare capable of having their socio-economic

and political interests represented in theforeign policy decision process or of becom-ing active in this process themselves. On theother hand, through the choice of the twocountries the conditions for a co-operativeor confrontative Russian foreign policy andRussia's potential to function as a secondintegrative centre in Europe will be explored.

Data: primary and secondary literature,document analysis, interviews, print media


The project continued on schedule, i.e. withfurther evaluation of literature on the issue,particularly on the developments in Russian-Bulgarian and Russian-Yugoslav inter-eliterelations. Meanwhile first findings werepublished in several articles, whereas thepreparation of a final report was begun. Ofparticular significance for the project werefinal evaluations of the first findings withProfessor Margarita M. Balmaceda, guestprofessor at the MZES in July 2001 Firstresults: Russia's policy towards the Balkansconsists of two contradictory strands, statepolicy as international image building andenergy policy as a reserve of influence in theregion. It is questionable whether Russianstate policy has a concrete regional interestin the Balkans. At least, it lacks (perhaps onlyfinancially) the potential to play an activerole in the region. At present it seems thatRussia is only positioning itself in thosefields which are more important, or for whichit has the necessary instrument to hand. Thatis the Great Power manual against theperceived threat of expansion of Westernstructures. It looks as if the simulation of ageopolitical 'great game' counts more than asubstantial long term regional strategy. Inthe 1990s any region that drops out of thisscheme was left to those players that were


able to exert their group interests there. Themotor of this co-operation were the oncestate, now privatised structures that findtheir best rent-seeking options in theinformalised framework of the regulatedmarket. In the first post-socialist decadepersonal connections and informal networksstemming from socialist times were theforces with the best perspectives for eco-nomic as well as political profit. Thus, theframework for a profitable inter-elite co-operation are the multilayered transforma-tion processes that are proceeding along asimilar course in each country. This meansthat the analogies in the areas of political,economic and social change led to a specificcompatibility between the Russian and theBalkan societies that considerably influencedthe potential for inter-state co-operation inthe 1990s.


10 -12 April 2001, 51st Annual Conferenceof the Political Studies Association, 51stAnnual Conference of the Political StudiesAssociation, Manchester. Participant: PeterBonin. Presentation: "The last reserves of theimagined Great Power. On the significance ofthe Balkans for Russian political and eco-nomic actors".

21 - 23 June, 'Southeastern Europe betweencrisis and normalisation'. 9th Conference foryoung experts on Eastern Europe, Brühl.Participant: Peter Bonin. Presentation:"Russia's Foreign Policy towards Bulgariaand Yugoslavia".

The Management of IntegrationProcesses in the CIS and the Whole ofEurope as Intended by Russian PoliticalActors


Researchers: Rolf Peter

Funding: VW-Stiftung


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: Moscow's interest inbecoming the centre of a new integrationnetwork in Eastern Europe is situated withinits attempts to take part in all-European,Euroatlantic and global integration proc-esses. The goal of the project is to analysethe intensity of the given attempts at inte-gration and the mediation between them.The focus of the project is a systematicanalysis of the different modes of integrationand the socio-political functions which areascribed to the CIS and other integrativeinstitutions.

Data: analysis of literature, secondary analy-ses, official documents, interviews

Geographic space: Russia, EC, CIS


Since the responsible researcher hadattended the post-graduate program "Masterof European Studies" at the University ofBonn, Center for European IntegrationStudies from October 2000 until July 2001,the work on the project at the MZES wasonly taken up again in August 2001. For therest of the year research mainly focused onexisting or emerging integration structures inthe CIS-region with Russian participation,namely the CIS itself, the project of a Rus-sian-Belarusian union state and the EurasianEconomic Union. With regard to these inte-


gration structures two aspects were of par-ticular interest: On the one hand theirempirically measurable policy outcomes wereassessed: Notwithstanding a bulk of ratifiedagreements and often sophisticated institu-tional set-ups, the implementation of con-crete policies has been comparatively poor sofar. On the other hand the political discourseabout these integration structures in Russiawas examined, whereby special attention waspaid to the following questions: Whichsocio-political functions are ascribed to thedifferent integrative institutions? How arethe integration attempts in the CIS-regionconceptually linked to, respectively, broughtin opposition to Russia's rapprochement toWestern European structures?

How Polish and Czech Political ActorsLink Western Integration to EasternPolicies


Researchers: Markus Bieniek,Volker Weichsel



Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The project exam-ines the consequences of the integration ofPoland and the Czech Republic into NATOand EU on their relations with the successorstates of the Soviet Union. The prime objec-tive is to investigate whether the entry ofthese states into existing Western structuresleads to the emergence of a new borderlinein Europe. Furthermore, the project aims tofind out to what extent the political actors inPoland and the Czech Republic perceive sucha danger and what strategies they develop torespond to this risk.

Data: primary and secondary literature,document analysis, interviews, print media


The project proposal had been submitted tothe Volkswagen Stiftung in December 2000and first comparative findings were pub-lished in a common article. In the firstmonths of 2001 the relevant theoreticalpublications on foreign policy, transforma-tion and integration were evaluated. SinceApril the systematic evaluation of Polish andCzech primary sources on foreign and inte-gration policy has started. During theresearch stay of Professor Margarita M.Balmaceda, guest professor at the MZES inJuly 2001, the project activities were focusedon integration processes in the energy sectorand a valuable comparative view on theHungarian policies towards Russia and theUkraine was added. A two month researchstay at the Institute for international Rela-tions, Prague in autumn 2001 and a twoweek research trip to Poland (Warsaw) inOctober allowed to intensify contacts to theCzech parliamentarian as well as the diplo-matic and scientific foreign policy commu-nity. Furthermore, archival research has beenconducted and pertinent documents andmaterials were collected. First findings:Despite the waning support of the popula-tion in both countries for joining the Euro-pean Union there is a prevailing and clearpreference of the majority of the politicalelites in Poland and the Czech Republic forjoining the Western political and economicstructures. Since 1992 the strategies of rele-vant political actors in Poland have revealedan ever growing tendency to involve Easternpolicy as an integral part of foreign policy.Both the risk of the emergence of a newborderline in Europe and the dissatisfaction


of society and parts of political elites causedby the costs of reforms indispensable for theprocess of joining the European Union haveendorsed the foreign policy concepts prefer-ring a balanced advancement in the processof Poland's Western integration. In the CzechRepublic, in a sharp contrast to Poland, nosuch foreign policy concept has been devel-oped so far. Regardless of some attempts toreintensify trade relations with Russia andUkraine under the social-democratic gov-ernment since 1998, the split of the Czecho-slovakian Federation in 1992 has signifi-cantly changed the Czech foreign policylandscape and the successor states of theSoviet Union play a minor role in security aswell as in economic terms. Euroscepticalstands tend rather to develop a transatlanticalternative to the EU than to involve Easternpolicy in the foreign policy concept.


8 – 10 January 2001, “Economy and ForeignPolicy in East and Middle-East Europe” ,Brühl. Participants: Markus Bieniek; Volker,Weichsel. Presentation: "Westintegration andEastern Policy in Poland and the CzechRepublic".

29 April 2001, “On the way to a solidarianEurope?" German-Belarusian-Ukrainian Con-sultations, Frankfurt. Participant: VolkerWeichsel. Presentation: "Between hope andreality: The growing differentiation of civilsociety in Eastern Europe".

5 – 6 May 2001, “The enlargement of theEuropean Union” , Annual meeting of theworking group on Eastern Policy of the par-liamentary group Bündnis 90/Die Grünen,Berlin. Participant: Volker Weichsel.

1 November 2001, “The Czech view on thefuture of the European Union. Open hearing

of the section for European Integration ofthe Czech senate” , Prague. Participant:Volker Weichsel.

14 November 2001, “The cultural dimensionof Europe", Colloquium organised by theKonrad-Adenauer Stiftung, Prague. Partici-pant: Volker Weichsel.

11 December 2001, “Thinking Enlarged. TheAccession Countries and the Future of theEU” , Colloquium at the Institute for Interna-tional Relations, Prague. Participant: VolkerWeichsel.

Strategy Options of InternationalGovernance (SiR)


Researchers: Fabrice Larat



Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The research projecton "Strategy Options of International Gov-ernance" (SiR) seeks to better understandconceptual differences in governing inter-national relations. The hypothesis is thatdesigning strategies of international govern-ance are influenced by individual perceptionsof international political order which arerepresented in particular 'worldviews'. Todifferentiate between worldviews, threemodels, i.e competing conceptions of trans-national and international order have beendeveloped. The project aims at overcomingthe deficiencies in the constructivistapproach of international politics by provid-ing an analytical model which will link the-ory to in-depth empirical research. Hence,particular attention will be paid to the meth-


odology combining quantitative and quali-tative text analysis.

Data: content analysis of documents, inter-views

Geographic space: Germany and France


The funding of the project has beenaccepted by the Volkswagen foundation inSeptember 2001. The total duration will be27 months.

In a first stage, relevant documents (speechesand articles) for the data analysis have beencollected and up to now all data sources hasbeen identified. Different methods of con-tent analysis with computer software wereconsidered and their validity and relevance inview of the research question have beenchecked. With the support of external expertadvice and after intensive testing, we havedecided to combine a quantitative andqualitative content analysis of documentsthat takes into account of he specificities ofthe data-set and the need to reduce thegreat amount of texts under consideration.For this purpose, we have chosen the soft-ware Textpack elaborated by ZUMA. Cate-gories of lexical indicators have been elabo-rated that will provide information on thevarious conceptions of international order.

On the basis of a pre-test - a comparativeevaluation of all relevant speeches by theGerman and French presidents (from January1996 to June 2001), we have improved thelist of categories. This way the content willstart with the beginning of 2002.


8 - 10 October 2001, “Results of constructiv-ist analysis of international politics” , Hof-geismar. Participant: Fabrice Larat. Presenta-

tion: "Strategy options of international gov-ernance".


13 – 14 December 2001, Mannheim, MZESWorkshop on methods of content analysiswith J. Kleinnijenhuis (Amsterdam), O.Angelluci (Frankfurt), F. Larat (MZES), C.Zuell (ZUMA)


28 - 29 November, Dr. Elmar Rieger (Univer-sity of Bremen) to discuss with him about hisnew book "Grundlage der Globaliserung"(The fundament of globalisation)

Strategy Options of InternationalGovernance (SiR): NGOs and GoodGovernance


Researchers: Barbara Finke



Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The project modelsand explores the legitimacy of NGOs andtheir potential contribution to the goodgovernance of global politics. Thus, one ofthe three models of transnational orderdeveloped within the SiR project - a systemof transnational network governance - isinvestigated more thoroughly from a norma-tive point of view. Empirical research focuseson a transnational women's network that hasemerged around the principle "women'srights are human rights" and substantiallycontributed to the reformulation of inter-national human rights norms. First evidencefrom the case study suggests that the majorpotential of women's NGOs to enhance the


legitimacy of global governance lies in theircapacity to induce a communicative politicalprocess within different UN policy regimes.This NGO promoted process enables actorsfrom the grassroots level to the top to con-nect their political and everyday-life experi-ences to the global policy process, thus inte-grating "the local and the global".

Data: in depth interviews, documents

Geographic space: global


Due to the maternal leave of the researcherBarbara Finke, the project was not pursuedfrom January to October 2001. Accordingly,the project will be concluded in November2002, i.e. 9 months later than originallyintended. From October 2001 to January2002, project activities have focused on afurther investigation of the in-depths inter-views and of the document analysis whichhad been conducted in the fall of 2000.


13 - 14 December 2001, 3. Methoden-Workshop des MZES. ComputergestützteInhaltsanalyse, Mannheim. Participant:Barbara Finke.

3.4 Research Area 4:Institutionalization of InternationalNegotiation Systems

Negotiation is of growing importance inmanaging international problems, in inte-ractions between both governmental andnon-governmental actors. As in the domesticsphere, international negotiations take placein relatively loosely-organised systems as wellas in hierarchical organisations, and take amore or less institutionalised form of deci-sion-making. The localisation in various

functional contexts of action and in institu-tional settings requires an interdisciplinaryscientific research approach. The main ques-tions of the research group are:

– Which different forms of institutionalisa-tion can be identified?

– Which forms lead to consensually orunanimously accepted and successfullyimplemented results?

– Which theoretical approaches are mostappropriate to explain negotiation out-comes?

The research group assumes interdependencyof original conflicts, problem setting, nego-tiation form, negotiation outcome and com-pliance; institutionalisation is understood asagreement on common interpretations ofnegotiation issues, and on rules and normsabout managing the process of problem-solving. The research group's aim is to dis-cover economically-efficient and legally-effective forms of international negotiationthat can be applied to various problems orsituations.

Project Directors and Projects:

– Dr. Christoph Böhringer (ZEW, Environ-mental and Resource Economics, Envi-ronmental Management): InternationalNegotiations on Climate Protection in theContext of Domestic Climate Policy

– Prof. Dr. Greener (Economic Policy):Mechanisms for International Negotia-tions

– Prof. Dr. Kohl-Koch (International Rela-tions) : Production and Diffusion of Ideasand International Negotiations (PRODI)

– Prof. Dr. Pappi / Dr. Thornier (Compara-tive Politics): International Negotiations

Research Area 4: Institutionalization of International Negotiation Systems 77

And National Interministerial Coordina-tion (INNIC)

– Prof. Dr. Pappi / Prof. Dr. Perlitz (Inter-national Management): Decision Struc-tures And Processes In MultinationalNetwork Corporations. A Network Ana-lytical Case Study. Financed by the'Volkswagenstiftung'

– Prof. Dr. Riedel (International Law): TheInteraction Between Negotiations AndLegal Institutionalization.

– Prof. Dr. Vaubel (Public Choice): TheInternational Labour Organization As AnInternational Bargaining System: A Politi-cal-Economic Analysis

National Interministerial Co-ordinationand International Negotiations: AModel and Explanation of theAmsterdam Treaty


Researchers: Michael Stoiber

Funding: DFG, MZES


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The aim of the proj-ect is to analyse the negotiation process andthe outcome of the IGC 1996 negotiationsleading to the Amsterdam Treaty. Startingwith the recently increasingly discussedproblems of synchronisation of intranationalnational positions and delegations' positionsduring international negotiations, weresearch national processes of preferencebuilding with a special focus on inter-ministerial co-ordination problems withindifferent political systems of the EU memberstates.

Data: Elite Interviews, Documents, OfficialStatistics



The aim of the project is twofold: First, wedescribed and analysed structures and proc-esses of the interministerial co-ordination ineach EU member state during the IGC 1996.Second, we want to assess the impact of thenational-level structures and processes onthe negotiations of the IGC. Project activitiesin 2001 focused on the empirical operation-alisation of the conceptual framework asdeveloped in 2000 and on analyses of thecollected data: 1) Elite Survey: Interviews inall involved ministries have been completedin all member states. 2) Other Data Collec-tion: National negotiation positions andpositions of Parliaments and Regions havebeen coded. Also all proposals of the mem-ber states during the IGC have been coded,making possible a representation of the"dance of negotiation" (Raiffa 1982). 3) Weprovided exhaustive graphical presentationsof preference- as well as conflict constel-lations on the national and the internationallevel 4) We are developing a coding schemetogether with Kenneth Abbott (NorthwesternUniversity) and Duncan Snidal (University ofChicago) in order to transfer/expand theirconcept of legalisation to the context ofEuropean Constitutionalisation and apply itto or our data. 5) Analyses: a) Comparisonsof the formal co-ordination structures of allmember states, b) Visualisation of the infor-mal co-ordination structures, c) Determina-tion of the formal and informal authorityand power distribution within the memberstates by applying network analysis, d) Appli-cation of the exchange-model as proposedby Henning (2000) on the lower and the


upper level in order to predict the nationalco-ordination and the international negotia-tion outcome, respectively. 5) Compilation ofan extensive PowerPoint Presentation (3-5h), representing the IGC 1996 as a bargain-ing sequence from the preparation stageuntil the ratification of the AmsterdamTreaty, including the presentation of data aswell as results.


11 - 13 October 2001, Modelling GroupDecision Processes, International ZIF Confer-ence, Center for Interdisciplinary Research,Bielefeld. Participant: Paul W. Thurner.


6 November 2001, Prof. Dr. Duncan Snidal(University of Chicago) / Prof. Dr. KennethW. Abbott (Northwestern University):Lecture: "Institutional Approaches to andDynamics of the Legalization of InternationalRelations"

16 November 2001, Prof. Dr. Duncan Snidal(University of Chicago) / Prof. Dr. KennethW. Abbott (Northwestern University):"Workshop: International Legalization" 26.November: Barbara Koremenos (University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles): Lecture "Renegotia-tion Design in International Treaties"


Prof. Dr. Duncan Snidal (University ofChicago, USA) / Prof. Dr. Kenneth W. Abbott(Northwestern University, Chicago, USA) 5–16 November 2001.

Production and Diffusion of Ideas andInternational Negotiations (PRODI)


Researchers: Thomas Conzelmann

Funding: DFG


Status: finished

Research question/goal: The project uses areflexive-institutionalist approach and pos-tulates an interdependence between institu-tionally-mediated ideas and the definition ofinterests and identities of actors in interna-tional negotiations.

Case studies are the genesis of EuropeanTechnology Policy and a second, yet to bedetermined, area of EU policies. The ultimateobjective is to build a model that singles outthe circumstances under which reflexiveapproaches offer explanations for the insti-tutionalisation of international negotiationsystems.



The project work has ended in March 2001.A final report has been prepared and will bepublished in early 2002.


8 - 10 October 2001, Ergebnisse konstruk-tivistischer Analysen der internationalenPolitik, Hofgeismar (near Kassel). Participant:Thomas Conzelmann. Presentation: "Leit-ideen in internationalen Verhandlungs-systemen. Das Beispiel Entwicklungszusam-menarbeit (Focal Ideas in InternationalNegotiation Systems: The Case of EUDevelopment Policy)".

21 - 22 February 2001, Towards An AssertiveEurope?, Mannheim (MZES). Participant:

Research Area 4: Institutionalization of International Negotiation Systems 79

Thomas Conzelmann. Presentation:"Washington - Paris - Brussels: Is there aEuropean Paradigm of ‘Good Governance’?".

European Health Policy and NationalRegulation of Pharmaceutical Markets


Researchers: Peter Kotzian

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The EU is of grow-ing importance for national health policy.Especially the EU´s impact on nationalorganisational competencies for health caresystems has been increased by recent ECJdecisions. The aim of the planned project isto analyse the impact of EU policy onnational health care systems and in particularon national actors in the pharmaceuticalsector. This task requires the identification ofcentres of decision in the policy formulationprocess and the analysis of the formulationof positions by the member states and nonstate actors . Of particular concern is theinstitutionalisation of permanent negotiationsystems, in which the involved actors negoti-ate on the future role of the EU level forhealth care systems.

Data: Interviews, Documents, Statistics



The project's aims are twofold: first, we wantto describe in an analytical and theoryguided way the initiation and establishmentof the "Round Tables on Completing theSingle Market for Pharmaceuticals" as arelatively informal and weakly institutional-

ised international negotiation. Second, wewant to explain the policy positions of theparticipants, a heterogeneous group includ-ing member states, pharmaceutical enter-prises and societal actors involved in theorganisation and delivery of health care andhealth care goods. Of special interest are thepositions of the states, which we see asdetermined by structural and operationalfeatures of their health care system.

Concerning the first project area, the analyticdescription of the establishment of theRound Tables, we developed a theoreticalframework of institutionalisation, whichcovers institutionalisation processes fromagenda setting up to the creation of aninstitution. Next, we shall conduct interviewswith persons involved in establishing, orga-nising and participating in the Round Tables,in order to compare the process with thedeveloped framework.

With regard to the second area, the deriva-tion of positions from objective and struc-tural data, the project developed, based onthe incentive approach in the new institu-tional economics, a list of concrete organisa-tional features that correspond with thecontrol (or missing control) of incentives foropportunistic behaviour. We expect that thiscatalogue of concrete features will allow asystematic comparison of health care systemsunder the perspective of incentives set forproviders, financing organisations, politicalactors and patients. The current work in thisproject area consists of the collection ofinformation on organisational features whichwere dominant in a country's health caresystem in certain periods. We expect thisdata to give us an explanation for the differ-ent levels of health care expenditure, which


is a central determinant of the states' posi-tions towards pharmaceutical regulation.

Furthermore, the project conceptualisedmechanisms linking different scenarios andoptions of price regulation and price settingat the European and national level, whichwhere proposed during the Round Tables, tocosts and benefits for individual memberstates, the pharmaceutical industry and otherinvolved societal actors.


6 - 11 April 2001, ECPR Joint Sessions ofWorkshops, Grenoble. Participant: PeterKotzian . Presentation: "Comparative HealthCare Systems: Outline for an empirical appli-cation of New Institutional Economicsapproaches".

Organisational Structure and theFacilitation of Argumentative Action inInternational Negotiation Systems


Researchers: Thomas Conzelmann

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: This is a follow-upproject to the ` HYPERLINK "/cgi-bin/w3-msql/projekte/pro_zeig_E.html?Recno=52"` `earlier case studies on the ideational bases ofEC Research and Technology Policy and EUdevelopment policy` .

Both earlier case studies demonstrated, first,the relevance of ideational discourse for theemergence of feasible and durable negotia-tion outcomes, and second, the importanceof organisational context for the structure ofthese discourses. During the second phase of

research, the project will systematicallyinvestigate the connection between theorganisational format of international nego-tiations and the possibility of arguing.Arguing is understood as a particular form ofinteraction, which can be delineated from itsopposite term (bargaining) by the way inwhich demands and positions in negotiationsare evaluated. While arguing rests uponclaims of "validity" and "appropriateness" (ofcognitions and norms), bargaining restsupon claims of "credibility" (of threats andpromises). The empirical focus of the secondproject phase will be certain forms of politi-cal dialogue that are used within EU devel-opment policy. Examples are the so-calledSan José Dialogue between the EU and theCentral American countries, and dialogueprocedures under the auspices of the Loméand "Post-Lomé" conventions. The researchquestion is whether there is a clearly iden-tifiable correlation between certain organisa-tional characteristics and the prevalence ofarguing over bargaining. A further researchinterest is to clarify the connection betweenarguing and bargaining in concrete negotia-tion situations. Are these two distinct modesof negotiation between which negotiatorscan switch at a given point of time or is onethe precondition for the other? In askingthese questions, we also want to make fur-ther steps towards a model of internationalnegotiations that is able to systematicallyinclude argumentative and reflexive pro-cesses.

Data: documentary analysis, interviews

Geographic space: EU, World


During the first six months of project work,analytical distinctions between the conceptsof „arguing and bargaining“ have been

Research Area 5: Nation-Building in Europe 81

developed. Steps towards an operationalisa-tion of these two concepts have beenundertaken. Contacts with leading con-tributors to the debate have been estab-lished. Further project work consisted in asurvey of the literature dealing with the„policy dialogues“ with third states under-taken by the European Union.


8 - 10 September 2001, 4th Pan EuropeanInternational Relations Conference , Canter-bury, UK. Participant: Thomas Conzelmann.


"Arguing and Bargaining in MultilateralNegotiations"; Workshop held at the MZESon 3 December 2001.

3.5 Research Area 5: Nation-Buildingin Europe

Currently 42 different nationalisms in East-ern Europe are being researched and com-pared. Their various political, economic andsocial preconditions will be analysed andtheir influence on the state system as well ason violent conflicts determined. A centralquestion in connection with state-building inEastern Europe is the development ofnational conflicts and their intensification ormoderation through various types of conflictregulation. Further, the specific relationshipsbetween national and regional identitywithin Western Europe will be explored viaan international comparison in order toexplain the low acceptance of the EU and itsdecisions.

International Management of Conflictsof Ethnic Nationalism in EasternEurope


Researchers: Claudia Wagner

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The collapse of theSoviet Union led to violent conflicts on itsterritory, which are centred around the ques-tion of political sovereignty of an ethnicgroup and the denial of this ambition by thecentral power. The management of theseconflicts by international organisations isimpossible without violating the principle ofstate sovereignty. Recent approaches to con-flict regulation offer new instruments forhandling violent conflicts, which are aimedat integrating all levels of a society in thetask of conflict resolution. The aim of theproject is to analyse what kind of possibilitiesof conflict management there are in general,and the roles various actors (internationalorganisations, NGOs, local actors) can play inachieving a consolidated peace.


In 2001 the continuation of the project wasapproved by the DFG. Research activitiescontinued by a further evaluation of theo-retical literature on conflict resolution, whichis a main prerequisite for an outline of aquestionnaire for local actors and NGO-actors. During a trip to Georgia in March andApril 2001 the researcher worked as a con-sultant for the British NGO InternationalAlert and gained many valuable insights inthe functioning of NGOs in the field of con-flict resolution, their problems and their


partly very successful work with local part-ners. Of particularly significance was theopportunity to visit the separatist Abkhaziaand to take interviews of various politicalactors and NGO-activists in Sukhum and toget a much more detailed impression of theirview on the conflict. While approving thepeace dialogue between Georgian andAbkhaz NGOs in general, Abkhaz NGO-activists emphasise the priority of sovereignstatehood for the Abkhaz society (fully inline with their political leadership on thispoint), which they see as a precondition forfuture relations to Georgia. In October 2001a further escalation of the tense situationbetween Georgia and Abkhazia occurred, asChechen fighters and Georgian guerrillasentered Abkhazia and attacked severalAbkhazian villages. These fights, in whichRussia played an uncertain role, have a pro-found negative impact on the ongoing peaceprocess between Georgia and Abkhazia. TheGeorgian leadership called for a drawback ofthe CIS-peacekeepers, which are mainly Rus-sian soldiers, from Abkhazia. It will beimportant for the ongoing project to analysethe recent events and evaluate their sig-nificance for the peace process on the offi-cial level, which is mediated by the UN andthe peace process on the society-level, whereNGOs and other societal actors play a mainrole. Preliminary results show that distrust ofGeorgian politicians and society has furthergrown in the Abkhaz leadership and societybecause of the recent violent actions, whichis probable to throw the peace process back.

The Nationality Policy of Ukraine since1989 and its Contribution to EthnicConflict Regulation


Researchers: Susan Stewart

Funding: DFG


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The project analysesUkrainian nationality policy since 1989 andattempts to determine the extent to which ithas helped regulate ethnic conflict. With theassistance of an ethnic mobilisation modelthe influence of nationality policy on theprotest level of four ethnic groups will beestimated. Further factors such as the eco-nomic situation and group cohesion will beincluded in the analysis in order to assess therelative role of nationality policy.

Data: official documents, interviews, press,unofficial publications

Geographic space: Ukraine


The project was on hold for the greater partof the year since the project researcher wason maternity leave beginning 10 March2001. In the first two months of 2001 theresearcher was primarily involved in com-posing the final draft of the monograph tobe published upon the project's completion.Writing is scheduled to resume in March2002 and the project is due to be completedin June 2002.

Individual Projects in Department B 83

The Relationship between the Czechand Slovak Republics after theDissolution of their Common State


Researchers: Andreas Reich

Funding: VW Stiftung


Status: finished

Research question/goal: The project inves-tigates the exact causes and reasons for thepeaceful division of Czechoslovakia. It isassumed that the beginning of the democra-tisation process facilitated a division betweenCzechs and Slovaks, contrary to all opinionpoll results. A follow-up project analyses theconstruction of bilateral relations betweenthe new states in view of their continuingtransformation and integration in NATO andEU.

Data: documents, opinion polls, statistics,newspapers, periodicals, monographs, inter-views, internet


In 2001 the project ended. The preparationof the final report was continued. Theanalysis of the Czech-Slovak relations afterthe dissolution of the common state dem-onstrated the different political develop-ments (particularly in nationality policy,security policy and democratisation) and thedifferent levels of fulfilment of the criteriafor integration into western structures. Thetwo states distanced themselves from oneanother and the bilateral relations inbetween them worsened. Since 1998, whenthe government changed, there has againbeen a clear approach.

3.6 Individual Projects in Department B

Yearbook of Research on the History ofCommunism

Director: Hermann Weber,Egbert Jahn

Researchers: Bernhard BayerleinGünter Braun,Horst Dähn,Jan Foitzik,Ulrich Mählert,Marek Jäger



Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The Yearbook hasappeared in the Akademie-Verlag (Berlin)from 1993 to 2000. Since 2001 it containsthe „ International Newsletter of CommunistStudies“ and is printed at the Aufbau-Verlag,Berlin.

It is an international Forum for researchresults and the presentation of newlyaccessible sources on the historicaldevelopment of Communism and the trans-formation of communist systems. At thesame time this periodical will promote theco-operation of international research onCommunism.

Geographic space: World-wide.


The main contribution of the 8th editionfocuses on the discussion of principles ofcommunism (Michal Reiman, Alexandr Vat-lin). Another topic is concerned with thecontroversial discussion of the impact ofRosa Luxemburg (Manfred Scharrer, OttokarLuban).


The Impact of the Comintern on theWestern European Party System

Director: Hermann Weber

Researchers: Bernhard Bayerlein

Funding: Ministry of theInteriour/BMI


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The German-Rus-sians Historians' Commission, active since1998, has designated the investigation of theCommunist International (1919-1943) as oneof its research foci. In this framework theinfluence of the Comintern (and thereforealso of Soviet foreign policy) on parliamen-tary systems in Western Europe will beexamined in the Mannheim project withregard to the Communist parties ("sections"of the Comintern) in Germany, France, Bel-gium and the Netherlands during 1924-1927.

Some research hypotheses:

First results of the project to be expected:Concerning the Comintern as well as thedomestic and foreign priorities of Sovietpolitics at the time of "stalinisation", therelations with Germany were of centralimportance. The high priority given by Sovietand Comintern structures on the relation toGermany, was not so much dependent onthe existing and factual political circum-stances at the time but existed permanently,as a longue-durée phenomenon. The docu-ments show the KPD as the (after the Rus-sian) most important party of the Comintern.KPD-leaders had secret correspondence withconfidants in the Soviet Union and theComintern. This co-operation was extendedto a mutual support in questions of Sovietdomestic policy, especially the fight against

the inner party-oppositions and - concerninginternational politics - the fight againstSocial-democracy aiming simultaneously awide economical, political and societal-cul-tural support for the Soviet Union. At thesame time and in addition to the "officialand private correspondence with the KPD-leaders did Stalin receive informationthrough the other existing "channels" likethe Comintern-instructors, the foreign andmilitary departments, and the GPU. Thearchival material also contains letters andfaxes dealing with the foreign affairs andmilitary co-operation with Germany, reportsof different soviet agencies and additionalcorrespondence and records about Germanor German-Soviet matters with importantfigures or representatives like Radek,Manuil'skij, Molotov, Pjatakov, Pjatnickij,Cicerin, Litvinov, Unslicht, Bucharin andothers. A special event within the partyinterrelation among Comintern, KPdSU (b)and KPD was the "Thälmann-Wittorf-Scan-dal" in 1928. This unique and public scandalresulted not only in the subordination of theKPD-leadership, but also in major parts ofthe Comintern as such under the control andresponsibility of Stalin. These importantevents can now truly be reconstructed anddocumented.

Data: Archival resources, primarily in theArchives of Comintern, Moscow

Geographic space: Germany, France, Bel-gium, Netherlands


In co-operation with the Russian researchpartners of the project we shall prepare twomanuscripts for publication:

– The publication in 2001 of a volume withthe correspondence between Soviet and


German party leaders will, as a first result,spotlight private and political intercon-nections between the German commu-nism and the soviet leadership (mainresearchers are: Bernhard H. Bayerlein,and Hermann Weber.

– The envisaged elaboration of a docu-mentary source book is to be extendedconsiderably. It will contain - on thebackground of the analysis of the differ-ent and changing strategies - the politicsof the Soviet Union towards WesternEurope and on the background of theStalinism as an internal as well as exter-nal phenomenon, new documents of thesoviet policy, the Comintern and the KPD,primarily to Germany related which focuson the German-Russian relations duringthe Weimar Republic (1923-1929). Thisvolume will contain - besides others - thePolitburo-decisions of the KPdSU (b) forGermany (main researchers: Bernhard H.Bayerlein, and Hermann Weber).

Work completed in 2001:

Archival research in Moscow as well as inBerlin has made good progress. The investi-gation of the files has partly revealed sur-prising new findings. The huge amount ofmaterial on German-Russian relations duringthe Weimar Republic and the relationsamong the KPdSU (b), Comintern and KPD isimpressive. For the first time the intercon-nection of the different strata of politicalintervention, in its relation to each other(revealing sometimes contradictions andoppositions between Soviet (and) Cominternpolitics) for the decision-making, may beauthentified and interpreted. Besides thedocuments from the Stalin-files the recordsand materials from the Politburo of the RKP(b) are especially relevant. There have also

been further transmissions of documentsfrom the Presidential archives to the Russianstates archives, which supplement or com-plete consisting stocks. To be mentioned areespecially the files of the Soviet party leadersand party officials. Despite some restrictionsthe opening of the Russian archives doescontinue. The amount of material isimpressing. The announcement made byProfessor Koslov, head of Rosarkhiv withinthe framework of the International Commit-tee for the Computerisation of the Comin-tern Archives run by The European Council,The International Council on Archives andthe Rosarkhiv (participants among others:the Library of Congress, Washington, theFederal Archive of Germany, Koblenz-Berlin)concerning the declassification of the stillunavailable Comintern stocks is encouraging.This material would also be of major impor-tance for the project (B.H. Bayerlein acts aspermanent expert in this project). In earliertimes it was impossible to consult such awide range of documents of the differentstate, party and military administrations, andif, then only in exceptional small partsbecause important sectors of the Soviet poli-tics were systematically hidden. This, theresearch obstructing situation, which wasrelevant for internal party decisions of thegoverning bodies, the power structuresaround Stalin, the foreign policies and alsothe Comintern, has now come into a state offlux.

German-French co-operation:

Within the co-operation of the MZES, theCNRS and the Maison des Sciences desl'homme at the University at Bourgogne,Dijon, we can now establish a mutual Ger-man-French committee which comparesanalytically certain aspects of the commis-


sion project by extending it on the WesternEuropean Communism. The research labo-ratory at Dijon, chaired by ProfessorWolikow, will implement a database con-cerning Soviet-French relations on the levelof the communist movement. The intendedcomparative analysis might also concern theproblem of integration of the respectivecommunist movement (and its mechanismsof influence from Moscow) into the respec-tive national political systems at the time.


27 - 30 June 2001, Conference of the JointCommission for Research on Recent Historyof German-Russian Relations, St. Petersburg.Participant: Bernhard H. Bayerlein.

29 November - 1 December 2001, Collo-quium on New Research on the History ofCommunism, Institut für Zeitgeschichte,München-Berlin. Participant: HermannWeber, Bernhard H. Bayerlein.

Cooperation with the Institute forEuropean Studies of the ChineseAcademy of Social Sciences


Researchers: ThomasConzelmann,Michèle Knodt,Fabrice Larat

Funding: EU Commission


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: In the past year theMannheim Centre has hosted scholars fromChina who have been sponsored by the EU-China Higher Education Programme. Thisprogramme was launched five years ago inorder to promote social science research on

Europe. In the framework of this programmea close co-operation was established with theInstitute for European Studies of the ChineseAcademy for the Social Sciences (CASS). Byelecting Beate Kohler-Koch as member of theAcademic Committee of the Institute forEuropean Studies CASS has shown its inten-tion to deepen the co-operation with MZES.By this way it should be possible to reducethe transaction costs when looking for com-mon ground in research and post graduatestudies. CASS has been chosen as the imple-mentation agency for the next EU pro-gramme on European studies which is aim-ing to support large scale research co-opera-tion projects.


During the year some smaller projects byprofessors and researchers of CASS on Euro-pean interest intermediation, EU governanceand democracy and on European Securityand Defence Policy have been supported.

Michèle Knodt has been invited as visitingprofessor to CASS, Beijing from March 1 toMarch 30, 2001.

Co-operation in graduate studies includes anexchange of PhD students and two bookprojects. One book manuscript on Europeanintegration and the political system of theEuropean Union has been completed (BeateKohler-Koch, Thomas Conzelmann, MichèleKnodt, European Integration - EuropeanGovernance). Another book manuscript onthe history of European integration and co-operation (Fabrice Larat, "A political historyof European Integration") is about to befinished. Scholars at Cass have started trans-lating both manuscripts into Chinese. Bothbooks will also be published in German andFrench, respectively.



17 September 2001, Lecture at Nankai Uni-versity, Tianjin, China. Participant: BeateKohler-Koch. Presentation: "EU CommonForeign and Security Policy".

20 - 21 September 2001, Conference on"European Studies in China", within theframework of the EU-China Higher Educa-tion Co-operation Programme, Beijing,China. Participant: Beate Kohler-Koch. Pre-sentation: "Trends and Prospects in EUResearch".


Organisation of a familiarisation programmeon EU-governance at the MZES (25 Februaryto 4 March) for Chinese grant holders stayingin Europe during the academic year2000/2001


Besides two researchers from CASS (Dr. ChenZhirui and Prof. Dr. Gu Junli), two otherChinese scholars have been invited for aresearch stay at the MZES: Prof. WuZhicheng, Nankai University and Dr. FangLei, Shandong University

Parliaments, RepresentativeGovernment and New Electronic MediaEnvironments: An InternationalComparison

Director: Thomas Zittel

Researchers: Thomas Zittel

Funding: Thyssen Stiftung


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: Representative gov-ernment is the dominant type of moderndemocracy. Yet, far reaching changes in

telecommunications technology triggereddiscourses on electronic democracy whichadvocate large scale reforms of the repre-sentative system towards a more participa-tory type of democracy. Since the mid 90s,this discourse became increasingly visible inpublic debates as well as in democratic the-ory. While the debate on electronic democ-racy has been largely technology driven, thisproject asks about the political feasibility ofelectronic democracy. The concept of politi-cal feasibility pays attention to the institu-tional context as a crucial factor in theimplementation of electronic democracy.

This project has three major parts. It firstexplores the normative discourse on elec-tronic democracy in order to identify specificmodels and strategies of reform; it thenfocuses on parliaments which are importantelements of the representative regime todetermine whether notions of electronicdemocracy actually matter to parliamentsand parliamentary representation. It does soon the basis of three cases which have beenselected according to a most different casesapproach. One main goal is to study to whatdegree different parliaments are structurallyreacting towards models of electronicdemocracy; a third step aims at a study ofthe politics of electronic democracy in orderto identify crucial institutional factors whichcould be cornerstones to an explanatorytheory of electronic democracy.

Data: Semistructured elite interviews, con-tent analysis

Geographic space: Germany, Sweden, UnitedStates


In 2001 we completed a content analysis ofthe parliamentary websites which we down-loaded in April 2000. These data were


organised in a database which contains thenames of all members of our three parlia-ments along with other statistical data onthese individuals. This database serves as abasis for the quantitative analysis of patternsof digital political communication in all ofour three parliaments. In 2001 we also dealtwith crucial conceptual problems. One con-cerns the dependent variable in our projectwhich distinguishes between collectiv-ist/indirect representation and individualis-tic/direct representation. The other problemconcerns the relationship between opportu-nity structures in telecommunications, insti-tutional context and representation.


1 - 3 March 2001, Internet und Demokratie,University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck. Partici-pant: Thomas Zittel. Presentation: "Elec-tronic Parliaments and Electronic Democ-racy".

6 - 11 April 2001, ECPR Joint Sessions ofWorkshops, Workshop 3, "ElectronicDemocracy", Grenoble, France. Participant:Thomas Zittel. Presentation: "ElectronicParliaments and Electronic Democracy: AComparison between the US House, theSwedish Riksdag, and the German Bundes-tag".

27 - 29 June 2001, Democracy and theInformation Revolution: Values, Opportuni-ties and Threats., Stockholm. Participant:Thomas Zittel. Presentation: "ElectronicParliaments and Electronic Democracy".

5 October 2001, Annual Meeting of theDVPW ad hoc Group on "Internet andDemocracy" , Humboldt University, Berlin,Germany. Participant: Thomas Zittel. Pres-entation: "Elektronische Demokratie - Plan-skizze für die Demokratie des 21tenJahrhunderts?".

Introduction 89

4 Infrastructure

Introduction

The MZES infrastructure includes threeareas: (i) the research archive EURODATA, (ii)the library, and (iii) the computer depart-ment. In greater detail the activities of theinfrastructure are described in the annual"Infrastructure Plan" (see section 1.3.3).

4.1 Research Archive EURODATA

Eurodata's central task is the establishmentand maintenance of an appropriate informa-tion infrastructure for the comparativeresearch carried out in the two researchdepartments. This is achieved through themaintenance of an information archive, astatistics library and a file archive. Apartfrom the information unit, the archive iscurrently mainly an archive of official statis-tics.

Eurodata's activities are structured through abasic concept on major principles and acqui-sition profiles, guided through a medium-term work programme, and specified inannual work plans.

Tasks comprise not only the acquisition anduser-friendly provision of information fromthird parties, but also own contributions tothe establishment of European databases infields that are relevant to the Centre'smedium-term research goals. This is achievedthrough participation in relevant researchprojects of the departments or in commonresearch projects. Projects guided by sub-stantive research questions are allocated tothe research departments (currently Dept. A:"Family Change and Family Policy in Com-

parative Perspective" and "The Societies ofEurope Series"). Projects predominantly ori-entated towards the establishment of data-bases, are included as service projects of theinfrastructure (currently "Microdata inEurope: Stocks and Access", "The Cost ofSocial Security" and "Comparing Regions").

Thus, the annual activity report of thearchive is composed of two parts: (a) main-tenance of the archive components, provi-sion of internal services and co-operationswith external institutes; (b) development ofthe archive through the establishment ofdatabases and related infrastructures (serviceprojects).

Archive Maintenance, Internal Servicesand External Collaborations

Information Archive

As every year, all components of the infor-mation archive have also been updated in2001: catalogues and newsletters of statisti-cal offices and academic data resource cen-tres (data archives, data oriented researchinstitutes) as well as all kinds of statisticaldata handbooks. Increased attention hasagain been devoted to resources on Internet– both in the field of official statistics andacademic survey programmes, and thearchive's links to relevant information docu-ments and searchable meta-databases onInternet been extended.

Within the EU-funded service project "Offi-cial microdata in Europe: stocks and access"(see below) a comprehensive Information

90 Infrastructure

system on major official surveys in WesternEurope is being built up, consisting ofdetailed survey description schemes andcontext information searchable via Internetby a number of criteria. In addition, a direc-tory of surveys has been established withintroductory texts and links to survey docu-ments on the Internet. This meta-informa-tion system on official social surveys sup-plements NESSTAR, a documentation anddata delivery system on Internet for mainlyacademia-based surveys, which has beenestablished by a consortium of national dataarchives with support of the EuropeanUnion.

As a by-product of research project "The'Societies of Europe' Series" systematicallycompiled information on basic concepts anddefinitions (including classification issues) isbeing added to the documentation systemon official surveys for the field of labourforce statistics.

Maintenance of the Statistics Library

Acquisitions:

The statistics library is specialised on officialstatistics and focuses on Western Europe,Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic andSlovakia. Its holdings comprise yearbooks,bulletins, subject matter series with a strongemphasis on social statistics, censuses ofpopulation and establishments, and meth-odological publications both at the nationaland (though to a limited degree) subnationallevel. The holdings of the statistics libraryhave been updated and gaps – this year inthe field of occupational censuses – closed.For a few countries, the electronic publica-tions of the new population census roundcould be acquired. No retrospective acqui-sitions have been carried out this year. Thestructure and coverage of the statisticslibrary is shown in the following graph:

International Statistics

National Statistics

Regional Statistics

OECDUNEU

Nordic Council

YearbooksMonthly Bulletins

Series - Europe East- Europe West

Population Censuses

almost completepartial

completeHoldings: sporadic

I1990

I1980

I I I I1900 1945 1960 1970

no holdings

Research Archive EURODATA 91

Catalogue and accessibility

This year approximately 4700 items had tobe checked in, catalogued and shelved.Holdings can be searched via Internet in theintegrated catalogue of the library. Addi-tional cataloguing in the Union Catalogue ofBaden-Württemberg universities (Südwest-verbund) is still experimental and is carriedout under responsibility of MZES-librarians.

Stocks are not on loan. However, sinceautumn 1999 electronic publications (whichform a steadily growing part of the statisticslibrary) are no longer shelved. Users can nowaccess all electronic subject-matter publica-tions and classifications from their desktop.For easy navigation, the electronic libraryuses the same classification system as theprint library.

File Archive

The file archive has the same geographiccoverage as the statistics library. It consistsof data collections of third parties (mainlystatistical offices) and own data collectionswith historical orientation. Data are mainlyaggregate statistics at the national and (to alimited degree) also the subnational level.Collections also include own digitised mapswith regional boundaries for a number ofEuropean countries since the turn of thecentury.

Aggregate data from third-parties:

The dissemination of aggregate statistics isin flux. More and more offices provide timeseries on various subject matters on CD.Increasingly, on-line access via Internet isgranted as well, and offices are about tointegrate meta-information and data. In anumber of countries access to tabular data inthe meanwhile is granted free or at very lowcost. The archive documents these develop-

ments and updates major off-line collectionsin regular intervals. All acquisitions are cata-logued and can easily be searched using thedescriptor "file". Access to these data is ruledby license agreements – and usually limitedto University members. For members ofMZES major international collections areaccessible from their desktop. Once the uni-versity-wide information services have beenre-organised, holdings will be integrated intothe campus-wide information system. Thisyear, roughly 1/4 of the budget for theacquisition of statistics were allotted for theacquisition of international collections.

Microdata from third parties:

Concerning official microdata, the services ofthe archive (which is basically an archive ofofficial statistics) are much more limited,because archiving of microdata is usually notallowed. The archive supports, however, theacquisition of microdata and regularlyobserves changes in access conditions toofficial microdata in Europe. Concerningacquisitions in 2001, the major new acqui-sition was the update of the ECHP-database.As, in general, use is granted only for speci-fied research projects and files normally haveto be erased after completion of the project,the focus of the archive is on meta-informa-tion. This year a report on the disseminationof microdata in international perspective (anoverview conducted in co-operation withZUMA for the German 'Commission onImproving the Informational Infrastructurebetween Science and Statistics Government',KVI) was published. Moreover, in 2001 themeta-information system on official surveyscould be completed (see "Official Microdatain Europe", below) and access conditions arenow documented by the archive on Internet

92 Infrastructure

at the level of individual official social sur-veys.

Concerning survey programmes of the aca-demic community, support is available viathe network of national data archives(CESSDA). In the meanwhile, extendedonline-services (browsing of data and inte-grated meta-information, analysis, down-loading) are provided through NESSTAR.

Own data collections (see Service projects,below):

The activities of the archive towards theestablishment of own data collections onEurope are currently limited to a set of his-torical time series and to a database onfamily policy. Through participation inresearch projects of department A, thearchive contributed to the finalisation of aEuropean database on elections and on tradeunions as well as a database on family policyin Europe. This year, the service project 'TheCost of Social Security' has been completed.The project, a co-operation between ILO andMZES, established a European database onSocial Security Systems in Post World War II.Furthermore, the archive staff is currentlyworking on the completion of Europeandatabases on population/family, social secu-rity, and economic activity. The project"Comparing Regions" (a co-operationbetween the Norwegian Social Science DataArchive and MZES) aims at establishing aEuropean database on economic activity atthe subnational level from 1950 onwards(incl. infrastructural tools like regional classi-fications and computer maps). All informa-tion bases are made available on CD-ROM,and some of them in addition will be avail-able on Internet. More details are reported inthe project descriptions below.

In addition to such service projects, staffmembers of the archive also participate insubstantive projects affiliated to the researchdepartments (and documented there).

Internal Services

The archive continued providing internalservices in form of repetitive introductions tothe use of the archive, user guides, counsel-ling with respect to sources and comparabil-ity issues, documentary publications, aNewsletter in English (available in print formand on Internet) and support in computer-based mapping.

External Co-operations

Within its activities towards the establish-ment of databases on Europe, the archivecollaborates closely with domestic as well asforeign data resource centres and partici-pates occasionally in external expert groups.

Co-operation with domestic institutes:

As in previous years, the archive continuedits co-operation with the Zentrum fürUmfragen, Methoden und Analysen (ZUMA,Mannheim). This year, activities comprised aresearch co-operation with its Social Indica-tors Department in the field of socialreporting (cf. project description, below) anda co-operation with its Micro Data Archive inthe context of keeping information on accessconditions to international microdata up-to-date.

Co-operation with foreign institutes:

Since years, the archive closely co-operateswith the Norwegian data archive (NSD) andthe microdata archives of CEPS in Luxem-bourg. The co-operation with NSD concernsthe establishment of an infrastructure forcomparative research on regions (cf. project"Comparing Regions"), the co-operation with

Research Archive EURODATA 93

CEPS concerns the establishment of aninformation system on major official socialsurveys in Europe (cf. project "Microdata inEurope").

Service Projects (not included in theFourth Research Programme 1999-2001)

Official Microdata in Europe: Stocksand Access

Director: Peter Flora,Franz Kraus

Researchers: Franz Kraus andGuenther Schmaus(CEPS/Luxembourg)

Funding: European Commis-sion (TSER)


Status: finished

Research question/goal:

The project has the objective to system-atically collect information on availability aswell as accessibility, content and compara-bility of major official surveys in WesternEurope. Deliverables are a database sup-ported documentation system searchable viaInternet, a working paper series with com-missioned survey assessment reports for eachcountry, a final project workshop and arelated publication on "Microdata in Europe:Stocks and Access".

The project is part of a larger consortium("Towards a European System of SocialReporting and Welfare Measurement",EuReporting) co-ordinated by ZUMA/Mann-heim.

Data: Meta-informaton

Geographic space: West European countriesand European Union


In 2001, work focused on the completion ofthe deliverables proposed to the EuropeanUnion: (a) editing and publication ofnational study assessment reports on majorofficial surveys in Western Europe (16 work-ing papers); (b) the completion of the Inter-net information system on concepts, defini-tions and availability of core variables ofmajor official surveys in Western Europe,allowing both for single study queries as wellas for queries across countries/surveys bymajor documentation items; (c) the draftingof a reader 'European Microdata - Stocksand Access', scheduled for publication inSpring 2002; (d) the completion of a web-guide to national official surveys with intro-ductions into the national systems and linksto documents available on the Internet.


20 - 21 July 2001, Concluding workshop ofthe EuReporting project, (Location: MZES,Mannheim). Presentation by Franz Kraus'European Microdata: Availability andAccess'.

The Cost of Social Security

Director: Peter Flora,Franz Kraus

Researchers: Mathias Maucher

Funding: MZES


Status: finished

Research question/goal: The project aims atbuilding up a data infrastructure for com-parative social policy and welfare state

94 Infrastructure

research based on ILO's International Inquiry"The Cost of Social Security", providing foraggregate data on financial transactions ofsocial protection schemes. For this purpose, acomprehensive standardised and annotatedmachine-readable edition will be produced,covering the period 1949-1993. The data-base comprises both the (still unpublished)original documentation, i.e. data containedin questionnaires including other materialsubmitted to the ILO by the national agen-cies in charge of social protection as well asthe so-called basic tables, i.e. data alreadypublished by the ILO (on paper for the timespan 1949-1989, online for 1990-1993). Thetime-series on different types of receipts andexpenditure of social protection schemes aresupplemented by an extended documen-tation apparatus on countries, question-naires, datasets, and institutions as well as auser-friendly search-engine. The databasewill be distributed on CD-ROM as a jointpublication of MZES/Eurodata and ILO.Alternatively it will be accessible online viathe ILO server (probably by the end of 2001).A test version can already be used by Janu-ary 2001.

Data: Aggregate statistics, institutionalinformation and meta-information

Geographic space: All EU-Member States aswell as the Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia,Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Poland, theSlovak Republic, and Switzerland


During 2001 work has been completed in allfour fields: 1. Entry, documentation andprocessing of time-series data for both origi-nal documentation and basic tables with aspecial focus on 13 countries (Austria,Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland,

the Slovak Republic, Sweden, the UnitedKingdom); 2. Parallel entries into documen-tation apparatus; 3. Implementation of asystem of classification for institutionsreported on by COSS, using common com-parative typologies. Information has beeninserted for the majority of countries coveredby the database; 4. Consolidation of theonline version of "Cost of Social Security1949-1993" and publication of a CD-ROM.Concept, contents and technical implemen-tation for both products were confirmed byboth project partners on occasion of aresearch stay in Geneva in August 2001.

Comparing Regions

Director: Franz Kraus, JösteinRyssevik (NSD, Nor-way), GuidoMartinotti (ADPSS,Milano)

Researchers: Franz Kraus, JösteinRyssevik (NSD),Astrid Nilsen (NSD)and various staffmembers of ADPSS

Funding: MZES, NSD andADPSS


Status: ongoing

Research question/goal: The project hasthree goals: 1) establishment of a data col-lection on population and employment inpost-war Western Europe at the sub-nationallevel; 2) establishment of proper infrastruc-ture for computer cartography (digitisedEuropean maps at the subnational level sincethe turn of the century, establishment of aclassification of regions); 3) provision ofproper software, based on the NSDstat pack-age, for explorative data analysis and

Library 95

thematic mapping). The electronic atlasmodule on population and employment,planned for 2002, integrates the three com-ponents. Data collection is split across allthree partners; the regional classification isthe duty of Eurodata, digitising and softwaredevelopment is the sole duty of NSD). It isexpected that additional modules can beinitiated afterwards in a far extended con-sortium of institutes.

Data: Aggregate statistics, computerisedmaps, meta-information and regional classi-fications

Geographic space: All countries of WesternEurope


Design of a meta-information system for thedatabase with regional data from occu-pational censuses. The system supports com-parative queries of key concepts and tabledimensions and is closely connected to thehistorical data handbook series 'Europe inComparison' ('The European Labour Forcesince 1950'). In addition, data on the territo-rial structure of Europe have been updatedand indicators computed for inclusion in thehistorical data handbook 'The EuropeanPopulation, 1850-1945'.

4.2 Library

Introduction

The library of the Mannheim Centre consistsof the Europe-Library and the InformationArchive on Textual Sources (Quellen-Infor-mationsarchiv, QUIA). The Europe-Library iscollecting literature in the field of compara-tive European integration research and casestudies on Western and Eastern European

countries. The collection is built up accord-ing to the library long-term plan of 1990(supplemented in the year 1995).

According to this plan, a yearly acquisitionprogramme must be approved by the MZESExecutive Board. The library commission isresponsible for the implementation of theacquisition programme.

The Europe-Library is a public referencelibrary, open to the researchers of the insti-tute as well as to external readers. Openinghours are Monday through Thursday 10 a.m.to 4 p.m. and Friday 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.

The collection contains at present about26,100 media (without QUIA and Eurodata).18,600 publications directly refer to theMZES research focus. The library subscribesto about 130 journals in the main librarylanguages (German, English, French, Italianand Spanish) and about 50 periodicals inEast European languages. In addition, thereis an extensive collection of working papers(about 7,000) from domestic and foreignresearch institutes.

The collection can be accessed using thelocal library system "TINlib" and the Internet.In 1998 it was decided to integrate theMZES collection into the Union Catalogue ofthe South West German Library Consortium(Südwestdeutscher Bibliotheksverbund, SWB).In cooperation with the university library andthe MZES computer department about26,500 book titles have been added to theSWB till now, ensuring inclusion in the on-line catalogue of the University of Mann-heim. Further integration of existing collec-tions into the SWB is continued. In the year2001 40 % of our added titles were cata-logued by ourselves, because we were thefirst library in the SWB owning these titles.During a transitional period all new titles

96 Infrastructure

have to be catalogued in the local librarysystem „TINlib“ as well as in the SWB. Toavoid these double efforts, it is planned tochange the library System by the end of2002. The MZES library will then be adjustedto the system of the uiversity library.

In co-operation with the Mannheim Univer-sity library the MZES established a connec-tion to the "Periodicals' database" (Zeit-schriftendatenbank, ZDB) in the course of2001. In a first step we added the entirecollection of German statistical publicationsthat the MZES holds to the ZDB (about 700titles). These data will then in turn be trans-ferred from the ZDB into the system of the

SWB and also into the online catalogue ofthe University of Mannheim.

Europe-Library

In the reporting year exactly 1,233 newbooks have been acquired.

The stock of the European integration groupgrew by about 220 volumes to a total of2,296 titles. There is, in accordance with theemphasis of the research projects at theinstitute, a clear increase in the subgroups of"Intbez" (international relations group),"Sozsta" (social policy group), and "Staat"(European treaties, administration, law).

Collection and increase of the European integration group (E.A.) 2001

CollectionIncreasein 2001

Agrar (agriculture group) 41 2

Allg (general group) 302 20

Finanz (monetary, financial institutions) 102 16

Info (information, new in 2001) 24 24

Inst (EU institutions) 101 3

Intbez (international relations group) 266 45

Kultur (culture, education, media) 39 2

MGS (member states group) 171 13

Polsoz (elections, parties, public opinion) 94 3

Region (regional policy, integration of minorities) 185 10

Sozsta (social policy group) 291 27

Staat (European Treaties, administration, law) 259 28

Theorie (concepts & theories of integration, federalism) 79 7

Umwelt (environmental policy of European org.) 48 3

Verbän (associations at EU level) 68 1

Wirt (economy -, internal market group) 226 19

Total 2,296 223

In the groups Comparative European Re-search (E.K.) and Western Europe Country

Studies, 474 titles have been acquired. Thestock contains 8,727 titles in these groups.

Library 97

There are 185 new titles in the ComparativeEuropean Research group. In the field ofcountry studies especially the number ofbooks on Germany and France has increased,followed by studies on the United Kingdom,Italy and Switzerland (see Tables 8.1 and 8.2,Appendix).

The stock of literature on Eastern Europenow contains 2,437 titles. The main empha-sis of the collection has been put on com-parative studies of Eastern European coun-tries (O.E.). Among the country studies,above all, the number of books on Czecho-slovakia, the Ukraine and Russia increased(see Tables 8.3 and 8.4, Appendix). The high

increase for Czechoslovakia was caused bythe integration of literature of a special proj-ect.

Reference collection (RF), books on theory andmethods, computer literature and generalliterature

Besides the above mentioned larger groupsof research literature, there is a collection ofreference books (RF) and four smaller groupsof literature on theory and methods as wellas on general matters. Some titles of theReference Books collection have been re-grouped into the new sub-group “ Informa-tion” .

The collection of Reference Books etc. 1999-2001:

Bookstock 1999 2000 2001

Reference Books (RF) 821 871 811

Theory 471 559 646

Methods 362 406 433

General 830 964 1124

Working papers

The number of working papers increased by623 titles to a total of 6,978 titles. Workingpapers are obtained through exchange withdomestic and foreign research institutes.

Central publishing institutions are, amongothers, the European University Institute(Florence) and the Bundesinstitut für ost-wissenschaftliche und internationale Studien(Köln).

Working papers sorted by countries:

Supranational 2,823 Hungary 9

Australia 5 Ireland 8

Austria 80 Luxembourg 14

Belgium 106 The Netherlands 130

Czech Republic 41 Norway 217

Denmark 41 Poland 70

Finland 9 Spain 249

98 Infrastructure

France 69 Sweden 394

Germany 2,406 Switzerland 2

Great Britain 152 USA 106

Greece 47 Total 6,978

Information Archive on Textual Sources(QUIA)

QUIA (Quellen-Informationsarchiv), compris-ing a part of the MZES-Library and supple-menting the research archive EURODATA(data files, statistics), provides (meta-)infor-mation on textual sources for comparativeresearch on Europe and the problems ofEuropean integration.

Within this framework, QUIA has establisheda reference library providing information inregard to textual sources as well as organisa-tions and institutions which produce,archive, publish and distribute appropriatetexts.

At the end of 2001 the reference library con-tained 790 titles grouped as follows:

Countries Titles Countries Titles Countries Titles

Supranational 198 Germany 313 Russia 2

Austria 24 Hungary 3 Slovenia 3

Belgium 23 Ireland 5 Spain 24

Canada 1 Italy 36 Sweden 11

Czechoslovakia 1 Luxembourg 18 Switzerland 25

Czech Republic 3 Netherlands 5 United Kingdom 17

Finland 15 Norway 4

France 57 Poland 2

Subjects Titles Subjects Titles

General (research documentation,bibliographies) 131 Governmental documents 115

Archives (guides, handbooks,inventories) 257 Parliamentary documents 74

Information on libraries anddocumentation centers 80 Political parties’ documents 5

Laws 55 Social policy documents 45

Associations’ documents 15 Trade Unions’ documents 15

Library 99

In 2001 a total of 149 titles were added tothe reference library.

By assuming responsibility for the periodicalsand the research documentation for thelibrary, QUIA made a major contribution byincreasing the number of printed workingpapers and yearbook issues at the Europe-Library as compared to former years. Fur-thermore, due to a change and a vacancy atthe library, QUIA’s manpower was needed forordering, receiving and cataloguing books.

Work on the research manual/on-line service“Trade Unions of Europe. Organisations,Archives, Research Institutions. A ReferenceBook” continued. A mailing with a question-naire did not produce the overly optimisticexpected results. Nevertheless, the data andtext input have been completed. Publicationis pending.

The following service projects of QUIA are inprogress, respectively finished:

Directory of the NGOs in the EU(Günter Braun)

In the area of political science new models ofparticipation are currently being focusedupon by researchers. Their task is to find outhow European policies can be based on moredemocratic legitimacy and subsequentlybecome more effective, Therefore, the NGOscome more and more to the fore for boththe political researchers and the politicians.The importance of citizen participation ishighlighted in many EU documents. In fact,

there are no detailed records availabledescribing the manpower and activity of theNGOs at the EU.

Therefore it make sense and would be help-ful to document systematically the NGOsaccredited at the EU. The documentation ina data bank will be set up according to thepolitical areas of the General Directorates ofthe EU.

Organisation descriptions and data aboutEnvironmental NGOs have been collected.They concentrate on administrative informa-tion, principle aims, activities, organisationalstructures, affiliated associations on nationallevel, funding and other resources, and rela-tionships between European and interna-tional organisations.

Social Research in and on Europe(Hermann Schwenger)

A basic task of QUIA, as part of the MZESinfrastructure, concerns the research docu-mentation, i.e. to collect, to provide, and toupdate information on activities and publi-cations of the key European and US socialresearch institutions which do research inareas that the Mannheim Centre is concen-trated upon. In order to establish the docu-mentation as an instrument of researchobservation and project planning, the collec-tion of URLs and summaries of the Web-Sites of the key research institutes (38 coun-tries, approx. 170 institutes) has been com-pleted in 2001.

100 Infrastructure

4.3 Computer Department

Introduction

The German Research Foundation (DFG)granted the necessary financial resources torenew the computing infrastructure for theresearchers at the MZES. In September, whenthese resources have been made available,two new servers, four laser printers and 44PCs were selected and ordered at the end ofthe year. Early in 2002 the installation andconfiguration of the new hardware will bedone.

The actual state of the hardware is shown inthe figure below (section "hardware") indetail.

A new representation of the MZES webpages was introduced this year. The top levelpages got a uniform design.

The management of the computing infra-structure and its users constitute the mainactivity of the department. The followingitem lists the corresponding services.

Services

Among other special tasks there are serviceswhich must be done continuously over theyear. These are:

– Administration of servers, workstationsand network printers. This means forexample supervising the running systemsand managing user accounts.

– Network administration: Managing thenetwork addresses, installing and config-uring network software and fixing net-work problems (if necessary in co-opera-tion with the computing centre of theuniversity).

– Administration of a central backup sys-tem (file archiving, file retrieval, mediamanagement).

– Administration of the PCs and peripheral:Configuring new PCs, installing newsoftware or upgrading new releases, sup-port using scanner, CD-writer and otherspecial peripheral.

– Management and development of a webserver: creating HTML pages, CGI-pro-gramming for data base retrievals.

– Intranet Management: MZES internaldata and document management (filearchive data in co-operation withEURODATA)

– Trouble-shooting: diagnosing defectivedevices, having them repaired or orderingreplacement parts and repairing them.

– Computing training: We offer trainingcourses for standard software.

– Literature about Software used at theMZES (small EDP-library with about 800books).

– Installing and managing library software(TINlib, SWB, ZDB): Installing and man-aging user accounts for data base access,daily data base management, doing spe-cial database retrievals for orders, con-trols and warnings (loan), installing andmanaging access to the Union Catalogueof the South West German Library Con-sortium (SWB) (Katwin) and Union Cata-logue of Serials (ZDB) (WinIBW), creationof upload files for SWB and ZDB cata-logue.

Computer Department 101

Hardware

The following configuration sketch showsthe state of the hardware effective on

...........................................................................December 31, 2001 and the connection tothe network of the University of Mannheim:

Besides the hardware acquisition paid fromthe particular funds mentioned above, theMZES replaced three PCs and eight colourdisplays for administrative staff in 2001.Four additional notebooks have beenacquired to support mobile computing. Forthe new servers a 19" Data Rack was needed.A colour scanner and a digital camera hasbeen bought for publishing pictures in printmedia and on our web-server.

Software

The Item Response Analysis Programme MSP5, Textpack, 45 licenses for Windows 2000Professional and a few utilities for Windows95/NT were acquired. In addition to thesenew acquisitions the following programmeswere updated: Acrobat Software, Dream-weaver , HCL Exceed, Lahey Fortran Com-piler, Omnipage, Pagemaker, SPSS, STATA,Windows NT. For Microsoft Office webought rights to update the software for twoyears.

1 Matrix printer

Network of theUni. of Mannheim

105 PCs and 8 Notebooks

Sun MP630

10 Laser printers

Ethernet

FDDI

Sun Ultra 2 Sun Ultra 2Sun Ultra 1 Sun Ultra 1 Sun 10Sun 10

File-, MailServer

WWW-Server

Library-Catalog

Print-ServerPC-Software

Workstation forcomputing staff

Data-Server

Appendix Page

( Some parts are left out here )

1. MZES staff A 1

3. Publications 2001 A 6

4. National and international collaborations A 14

5. Visiting professors / scholars A 21

6. Lectures, conferences and workshops A 22

a) Lectures given by guests and MZES researchers A 22

b) Conferences and workshops A 26

7. Mannheim Post-Graduate Programme A 27

8. Library A 28

Tables documenting stock and increase of literature A 29-32

Appendix A 1

1. MZES staff

The following tables give an overview of the staff working at the institute as of December 31,

2001 and of staff members who left the institute during the year. It informs about the sector a

person belongs/belonged to, as well as her or his integration into research projects or other

functions of the institute. The funding source of each post is indicated in the last column.

a) Staff at end of year 2001

Name Sector Function / Research Project Funding Source

Alle, Marlene Infrastructure Computer Department (Head) MZES

Bayerlein, Bernhard Dr. Dept. B The Impact of the Comintern on the WesternEuropean Party System

Federal Ministryof the Interior

Becker, Edda Infrastructure Political Representation and ElectoralBehaviour in the European Union (TMR)(Secretary)

EU / MZES

Berger, Johannes Prof.Dr. Dept. A Project Director / Research Area 5 Dept. of SocialSciences

Berton, Marina Dept. B Targeted Political Socialization MZES

Bieniek, Markus Dept. B How Polish and Czech Political Actors LinkWestern Integration to Eastern Policies

VW-Stiftung

Bonin, Peter Dept. B The Foreign Policy of the Russian Federationvis-à-vis Bulgaria and the Federal Republic ofYugoslavia: Potential for Conflict orCooperation on the European Periphery?

DFG / MZES

Braun, Günter Dr. Infrastructure Archive for Information on Textual Sources,among others

MZES

Brüderl, Josef Prof.Dr. Dept. A Project Director / Research Area 1 Dept. of SocialSciences

Deth, Jan W. van Prof.Dr. Directorate Director Dept. of SocialSciences

Esser, Hartmut Prof.Dr. Dept. A Project Director / Research Area 2 Dept. of SocialSciences

Finke, Barbara Dept. B Strategy Options of International Governance(SiR): NGOs and Good Governance

VW-Stiftung

Fix, Birgit Dr. Dept. A Intermediary Structures and the WelfareState: The Role of the Churches in WesternEurope

DFG

A 2 Appendix


Fix, Elisabeth Dr. Dept. A Project Director / Research Area 4 Dept. of SocialSciences

Flora, Peter Prof.Dr. Dept. A Project Director / Research Areas 3 and 4 Dept. of SocialSciences

Gschwend, Thomas Ph.D. Dept. B Implications of Institutional Parameters forElectoral Decision-Making in MultipartySystems

MZES

Hamann, Silke Dept. A Public View on Benefits for the Unemployed MZES

Hellmann, Birgit Dept. B Governance in an Expanded Multi-levelSystem

DFG

Hess, Josiane Directorate Secretary MZES

Jäger, Angela Dept. A Ethnic Cleavages and Social Contexts MZES / DFG

Jahn, Egbert Prof.Dr. Dept. B Project Director / Research Areas 3 and 5 Dept. of SocialSciences

Jezela, Anna Dept. B Gender Differences in Social and PoliticalParticipation

MZES YoungScholars Program

Kalter, Frank Dr. Dept. A Project Director / Research Area 2 Dept. of SocialSciences

Kim, Anna Dr. Dept. A Educational Expansion and SocialReproduction in Europe

DFG / Dept. ofSocial Sciences

Knodt, Michèle Dr. Dept. B Project Director / Research Area 2 Dept. of SocialSciences

Kogan, Irena Dept. A Evaluation and Analyses of the LFS 2000 Dataon School-to-work Transitions in Europe

MZES / Eurostat

Kohler-Koch, BeateProf.Dr.

Dept. B Head of Department Dept. of SocialSciences

Kotzian, Peter Dept. B European Health Policy and NationalRegulation of Pharmaceutical Markets

DFG

Kraus, Franz Infrastructure Data Archive Eurodata (Head) MZES

Kristen, Cornelia Dept. A Educational Decisions in Immigrant Families DFG

Larat, Fabrice Dr. Dept. B Strategy Options of International Governance VW-Stiftung

Leuffen, Dirk Dept. B Does Cohabitation matter? French EuropeanPolicy-Making in the Context of DividedGovernment

MZES YoungScholars Program

Lilli, Waldemar Prof.Dr. Dept. B Identity and Identity Processes: A EuropeanComparison

MZES

Luber, Silvia Dept. A Socio-economic Development of Self-Employment in Europe

Thyssen-Stiftung

Appendix A 3


Mack-Manhart, Sigrid Directorate Secretary University

Melbeck, Christian Dr. Infrastructure Computer Department MZES

Müller, Walter Prof.Dr. Dept. A Head of Department Dept. of SocialSciences

Nickel, Constanze Dept. B Secretary MZES

Pappi, Franz UrbanProf.Dr.

Dept. B Project Director / Research Area 4 Dept. of SocialSciences

Peter, Rolf Dept. B The Management of Integration Processes inthe CIS and the Whole of Europe as Intendedby Russian Political Actors

VW-Stiftung

Pütz, Christine Dept. B European Party Federations: Driving Force ofEuropean Integration or Laggard?

MZES

Quittkat, Christine Dept. B The Europeanization of InterestIntermediation: French Trade Associations inComparative Perspective

Thyssen-Stiftung/ MZES

Reinhardt, Edith Dept. B Secretary MZES

Römmele, Andrea Dr. PD Dept. B Political Representation and ElectoralBehaviour in the European Union (TMR)

EU

Rossi, Beate Dept. A Secretary MZES

Roßteutscher, Sigrid Dr. Dept. B Project Director / Research Area 1 Dept. of SocialSciences

Rothenbacher, Franz Dr. Infrastructure Data Archive Eurodata MZES

Schenke-Huber, Petra Directorate Secretary MZES

Scherer, Stefani Dept. A Educational Expansion and SocialReproduction in Europe

DFG / MZES

Schmitt, Hermann Dr. PD Infrastructure Political Representation and ElectoralBehaviour in the European Union (TMR),among others

MZES / EU

Schneider, Marianne Infrastructure Data Archive Eurodata (Secretary) MZES

Schneider, Reinhart Dr. Directorate Managing Director MZES

Schwenger, Hermann Infrastructure Archive for Information on Textual Sources /Library

MZES

Springer, Silvia Infrastructure Library (Secretary) MZES

Stegmann, Christine Dept. A Secretary MZES

Stewart, Susan Dept. B The Nationality Policy of Ukraine since 1989and its Contribution to Ethnic ConflictRegulation

DFG

A 4 Appendix


Stoiber, Michael Dept. B National Interministerial Co-ordination andInternational Negotiations: A Model andExplanation of the Amsterdam Treaty

DFG / MZES

Thurner, Paul W. Dr. Dept. B Project Director / Research Area 4 Dept. of SocialSciences

Tseng, Su-Ling Dept. B Governance in an Expanded Multi-levelSystem

DFG

Ullrich, Carsten Dr. Dept. A Project Director / Research Area 5 Dept. of SocialSciences

Wagner, Claudia Dept. B International Management of Conflicts ofEthnic Nationalism in Eastern Europe

DFG

Weber, Hermann Prof.Dr. Dept. B Project Director / Additional Projects Emeritus

Weichsel, Volker Dept. B How Polish and Czech Political Actors LinkWestern Integration to Eastern Policies

VW-Stiftung

Weiß, Sabine Infrastructure Library (Head) MZES

Wormer, Marlene Infrastructure Library MZES

Wozniak, Helena Infrastructure Library Assistance MZES

Zittel, Thomas Dr. Dept. B Parliaments, Representative Government andNew Electronic Media Environments: AnInternational Comparison

Thyssen-Stiftung

Zmerli, Sonja Dept. B Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy DFG

b) Staff members having left the institute during the year


Bahle, Thomas Dr. Dept. A Family Change and Family Policy inComparative Perspective / The Structure ofSocial Services

Dept. of SocialSciences

Burkardt, Gerda Dept. A Secretary MZES

Butz, Marcus Dept. A Educational Decisions in Immigrant Families DFG

Conzelmann, Thomas Dr. Dept. B Production and Diffusion of Ideas andInternational Negotiations

DFG

Diehl, Claudia Dr. Dept. A Participation of Immigrants DFG

Gangl, Markus Dept. A A Comparative Analysis of Transitions fromEducation to Work

EU

Jung, Nikola Directorate Assistance of the Executive Board MZES

Appendix A 5


Karl, Astrid Dept. A Public View on Benefits for the Unemployed MZES

Lohmann, Henning Dept. A Socio-economic Development of Self-Employment in Europe

Thyssen-Stiftung

Luber, Manuela Dept. B Identity and Identity Processes: A EuropeanComparison

MZES

Maucher, Mathias Infrastructure Data Archive Eurodata / Family Change andFamily Policy in Comparative Perspective

MZES

Pfenning, Astrid Dept. A Family and the welfare state in Europe (TMRProgramme) / The Structure of Social Services

EU / MZES

Reich, Andreas Dr. Dept. B The Relationship between the Czech andSlovak Republics after the Dissolution of theirCommon State

VW-Stiftung

Sahm, Astrid Dr. Dept. B Brussels or Moscow: The Foreign PolicyOrientation of Belarus, Poland, the SlovakRepublic, and Ukraine in the Post-CommunistProcesses of Integration and Transformation

VW-Stiftung

Scholz, Evi Infrastructure Project with ZUMA ZUMA

A 6 Appendix

3. Publications 2001

a) Books

Conzelmann, Thomas and Michèle Knodt (Hrsg.): Regionales Europa – europäisierte Regionen .Frankfurt/New York: 2001. [Mannheimer Jahrbuch für Europäische Sozialforschung / Nr. 6]

Bayerlein, Bernhard H. (Hrsg): Georgi Dimitroff. Tagebücher 1933-1943. Band 1, Berlin: 2001.

Bayerlein, Bernhard H., and Wladislaw Hedeler (Hrsg): Kommentare und Materialien zu denTagebüchern 1933-1943. Band 2, Berlin: 2001.

Bayerlein, Bernhard H., and André Lasserre (Hrsg): Engagements à travers le monde.Résistances, Conciliations, diffamations. Archives de Jules Humbert-Droz, IV. Zürich: 2001.

Esser, Hartmut: Soziologie. Spezielle Grundlagen. Band 6, Sinn und Kultur. Frankfurt/NewYork: 2001.

Fix, Birgit: Religion und Familienpolitik. Deutschland, Belgien, Österreich und die Niederlandeim Vergleich. Wiesbaden: 2001.

Hamann, Silke, Astrid Karl and Carsten G. Ullrich: Entsolidarisierung? Leistungen für Arbeitsloseim Urteil von Erwerbstätigen. Frankfurt/New York: 2001.

Kim, Anna: Familie und soziale Netzwerke. Eine komparative Analyse persönlicher Beziehungenin Deutschland und Südkorea. Opladen: 2001.

Müller Walter (co-author, co-editor): Wege zu einer besseren informationellen Infrastruktur.Gutachten der vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung eingesetzten Kommis-sion zur Verbesserung der informationellen Infrastruktur zwischen Wissenschaft undStatistik. Baden-Baden: 2001.

Römmele, Andrea and Hans-Dieter Klingemann (Hrsg): Public Information Campaigns &Opinion Research. A Handbook for the Student & Practitioner. London: 2001.

Schmitt, Hermann: Politische Repräsentation in Europa. Eine empirische Studie zur Interessen-vermittlung durch allgemeine Wahlen. Frankfurt/New York: 2001. [Mannheimer Beiträge zurpolitischen Soziologie und positiven politischen Theorie / Nr. 3]

Weber, Hermann, Egbert Jahn, Bernhard H. Bayerlein, Günter Braun, Horst Dähn, Jan Foitzikand Ulrich Mählert (Hrsg.): Jahrbuch für Historische Kommunismusforschung 2000/2001.Berlin: 2001.

b) Further publications (Articles, research reports, expertises, dissertations etc.)

Andreß, Hans-Jürgen, Gero Lipsmeier and Henning Lohmann: Income, Expenditure andStandard of Living as Poverty Indicators – Different Measures, Similar Results?, Zeitschriftfür Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften/Journal of Applied Social Science Studies, 2001:121, Heft 2, S. 165-198.

Bayerlein, Bernhard H. and André Lasserre: 'Résistants' contre Staline. 'Conciliateurs' commu-nistes et diffamateurs des libertés contre André Gide. S. 17-78 in: Bayerlein, Bernhard H.,and André Lasserre (Hrsg): Engagements à travers le monde. Résistances, Conciliations,diffamations. Archives de Jules Humbert-Droz, IV. Zürich: 2001.

Appendix A 7

Bayerlein, Bernhard H. and Brigitte Studer: Jules Humbert-Droz. S. 339-342 in: Gotovitch,José, Michail Narinskij et. al.: Le Komintern. L'Histoire et les hommes. Dictionnairebiographique de l'Internationale Communiste en France, à Moscou, en Belgique, au Luxem-bourg, en Suisse. 1919-1943. Paris: 2001.

Bayerlein, Bernhard H. and Serge Wolikow: A Story the World wants to know - The Comput-erization of the Comintern Archive's International Project, The International Newsletter ofCommunist Studies, 2001: 14, S. 532-537.

Berger, Johannes: Der diskrete Charme des Markts. S. 13-34 in: Mayer, Karl Ulrich (Hrsg): Diebeste aller Welten. Marktliberalismus versus Wohlfahrtsstaat. Eine Kontroverse. Frankfurt a.M.: 2001.

Berger, Johannes: Wirtschaftssystem. S. 738-749 in: Schäfers, Bernhard, and Wolfgang Zapf(Hrsg): Handwörterbuch zur Gesellschaft Deutschlands. Opladen: 2001.

Blohm, Michael and Claudia Diehl: Wenn Migranten Migranten befragen, Zeitschrift für Sozio-logie, 2001: 30, Heft 3, S. 223-242.

Bonin, Peter: Die letzten Reserven der eingebildeten Großmacht. Russische Balkanpolitik der90er Jahre, Osteuropa, 2001: 47, S. 4-5.

Bonin, Peter: Die zwei Kreise der russischen Außenpolitik, Kommune, 2001: 19, Heft 3,S. 17-19.

Bonin, Peter: ,Great Game' or New Cooperation? Russian Perspectives on Future Developmentsin the Balkans. S. 181-195 in: Haumann, Heiko, and Dušan Šimko (Hrsg): Peace Perspec-tives for Southeast Europe. Proceedings for the Symposium 2000 Basel, Switzerland. Prag:2001.

Bonin, Peter: The last reserves of the imagined Great Power. On the significance of the Balkansfor Russian political and economic actors, New Balkan Politics (Skopje), 2001: Heft 3,

Braun, Günter: European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO), Eurodata Newsletter, 2001:12/13, S. 18-19.

Braun, Günter: Schleichende Stalinisierung. Politische Weichenstellung in der Vor- und Früh-geschichte der DDR. S. 473-483 in: Bayerlein, H., Günter Braun, H. Dähn, J. Foitzik, E.Jahn, U. Mählert and H. Weber (Hrsg): Jahrbuch für Historische Kommunismusforschung.Berlin: 2001.

Brüderl, Josef and Frank Kalter: The Dissolution of Marriages. The Role of Information andMarital-Specific Capital. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 2001: 25, S. 403-421.

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Conzelmann, Thomas: Europäisierung der Regionenpolitik. S. 11-35 in: Conzelmann, Thomas,and Michèle Knodt (Hrsg): Regionales Europa - europäisierte Regionen. Frankfurt/New York:2001. [Mannheimer Jahrbuch für Europäische Sozialforschung / Nr. 6]

Conzelmann, Thomas: Governing Good Governance: The EU and the Co-Ordination of ForeignAid Policy. in: Hong, Zhou (Hrsg): Foreign Aid and International Relations. Beijing: 2001.

Diehl, Claudia: Die Partizipationsmuster türkischer Migranten in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einerGemeindestudie, Zeitschrift für Ausländerrecht und Ausländerpolitik, 2001: 21, Heft 1, S.29-35.

A 8 Appendix

Diehl, Claudia: Ein Stück Heimat in der Fremde? Türkisches Vereinsleben in Mannheim, FORUM- Forschung Uni Mannheim, 2001: S. 22-27.

Diehl, Claudia and Michael Blohm: Apathy, Adaptation, or Ethnic Mobilization? On the PoliticalAttitudes of an Excluded Group, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2001: 27, Heft 3,S. 401-420.

Esser, Hartmut: Integration und das Problem der “multikulturellen Gesellschaft” . S. 64-91 in:Mehrländer, Ursula, and Günther Schultze (Hrsg): Einwanderungsland Deutschland. NeueWege nachhaltiger Integration. Bonn: 2001.

Esser, Hartmut: Kommentar zu dem Beitrag von Gaetano Romano: Braucht die Gesellschafteine gemeinsame Kultur? Zur Kritik des Kulturbegriffs der Migrationsforschung. S. 259-265in: Hoffmann-Nowotny, Hans-Joachim (Hrsg): Das Fremde in der Schweiz. Zürich: 2001.

Esser, Hartmut: Kulturelle Pluralisierung und strukturelle Assimilation: das Problem der ethni-schen Schichtung, Swiss Political Science Review, 2001 : 7, S. 95-130.

Esser, Hartmut: Soziale Differenzierung als ungeplante Folge absichtsvollen Handelns: Der Fallder ethnischen Segmentation. S. 389-416 in: Currle, Edda, and Tanja Wunderlich (Hrsg):Deutschland - ein Einwanderungsland? Rückblick, Bilanz und neue Fragen. Stuttgart: 2001.

Esser, Hartmut: Wie lebendig ist der Kritische Rationalismus?, Soziologische Revue, 2001: 24, S.273-279.

Finke, Barbara: Konsens und Vielfalt. Transnationale Frauennetzwerke als Legitimitätsressourcedes UN-Systems? S. 175-196 in: Brunnengräber, Achim, Ansgar Klein and Heike Walk(Hrsg): NGOs als Legitimationsressource. Zivilgesellschaftliche Partizipations- und Hand-lungsformen im Globalisierungsprozess. Opladen: 2001.

Fix, Birgit and Elisabeth Fix: Schulterschluß der katholischen Sozialarbeit, Neue Caritas, 2001:102, Heft 7, S. 18-22.

Gangl, Markus: European Patterns of Labour Market Entry: A Dichotomy of Occupationalizedversus Non-occupationalized Systems?, European Societies, 2001: 3, Heft 4, S. 471-494.

Ganter, Stephan: Zu Subtil? Eine empirische Überprüfung neuerer Indikatoren zur Analyseinterethnischer Beziehungen, Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 2001:53, Heft 1, S. 111-135.

Granato, Nadia and Frank Kalter: Die Persistenz ethnischer Ungleichheit auf dem deutschenArbeitsmarkt: Diskriminierung oder Unterinvestition in Humankapital?, Kölner Zeitschrift fürSoziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 2001: 53, S. 497-520.

Gschwend, Thomas and Helmut Norpoth: ’Wenn am nächsten Sonntag ...’: Ein Prognosemodellfür Bundestagswahlen. S. 473-499 in: Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, and Max Kaase (Hrsg):Wahlen und Wähler: Analysen aus Anlass der Bundestagswahl 1998. Wiesbaden: 2001.

Guy, Adam, Alessio Fiacco and Franz Kraus: The British system of social surveys. Mannheim:2001. [Official Surveys in Western Europe. EuReporting working paper series]

Hall, Anja: Berufliche Karrieremobilität in Deutschland und Großbritannien. Gibt es Differenzenzwischen Frauen und Männern? S. 213-251 in: Berger, Peter A., and Dirk Konietzka (Hrsg):Die Erwerbsgesellschaft. Neue Ungleichheiten und Unsicherheiten. Opladen: 2001.

Hamann, Silke, Astrid Karl and Carsten G. Ullrich: Gerechtigkeitsüberzeugungen und Solidari-tätsbereitschaften im Wohlfahrtsstaat. S. 948-961 in: Allmendinger, Jutta (Hrsg): GuteGesellschaft? Verhandlungen des 30. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie.Opladen: 2001.

Appendix A 9

Kalter, Frank: Die Kontrolle von Drittvariablen bei der Messung von Segregation. Ein Vorschlagam Beispiel der familialen Assimilation von Arbeitsmigranten, Zeitschrift für Soziologie,2001: 30, S. 452-464.

Kalter, Frank and Nadia Granato: Recent Trends of Assimilation in Germany. Mannheim: 2001.[ZUMA-Arbeitsbericht 2001/02]

Karl, Astrid: Die Bewertung von "Leistungsmissbräuchen" und die Akzeptanz von Absiche-rungsleistungen bei Arbeitslosigkeit, Soziale Welt, 2001: 52, S. 341-360.

Knodt, Michèle: Die Regionen in Europa, Regionalismus - Föderalismus - Supranantionalismus,Forum Politische Bildung, Informationen zur Politischen Bildung, 2001: 18, S. 66-76.

Knodt, Michèle: External Representation of German Länder Interests. S. 173-188 in: Eberwein,Wolf-Dieter, and Karl Kaiser (Hrsg): Gernmany´s New Foreign Policy. Decision-Making in anInterdependent World. Houndsmill: 2001.

Knodt, Michèle: Regionales Europa – europäisierte Regionen. Zwei Dekaden der Regionen-forschung in der EU. S. 11-35 in: Conzelmann, Thomas, and Michèle Knodt (Hrsg):Regionales Europa - europäisierte Regionen . Frankfurt/New York: 2001. [MannheimerJahrbuch für Europäische Sozialforschung / Nr. 6]

Knodt, Michèle and Martin Große Hüttmann: «Framing the Debate»: Institutionen, Ideen undInteressen der deutschen Länder im europäisierten Bundesstaat. S. 140-164 in:Conzelmann, Thomas, and Michèle Knodt (Hrsg): Regionales Europa – europäisierteRegionen. Frankfurt/New York: 2001. [Mannheimer Jahrbuch für Europäische Sozial-forschung / Nr. 6]

Knodt, Michèle and Sebastian Princen: The EU´s external relations: Challenge or Continuity?,ECPR-news, spring special feature, 2001: S. 12-17.

Kohler-Koch, Beate: Evolucija i preobrazovanie evropejskogo upravlenija, Mirovaja Ekonomika iMeždunarodnye Otnošenija, 2001: 7, S. 44-55.

Kraus, Franz: The German system of social surveys. Mannheim: 2001. [Official Surveys inWestern Europe. EuReporting working paper series]

Kraus, Franz, Marcel Emami and Luc Schneider: Meta-data about major soico-economic officialsurveys in Western Europe: technical description of the EuReporting modules and databaseson the Internet. Mannheim: 2001. [Official Surveys in Western Europe. EuReportingworking paper series]

Kraus, Franz and Franz Rothenbacher (Hrsg): EURODATA Newsletter. 2001.

Kraus, Franz and Bernhard Schimpl-Neimanns: The Dissemination of Official Microdata inInternational Comparison. Report for the Commission on Improving the InformationalInfrastructure between Science and Statistics (KVI). CD-ROM. in: Kommission zurVerbesserung der informationellen Infrastruktur zwischen Wissenschaft und Statistik (Hrsg.):Wege zu einer besseren informationellen Infrastruktur: Gutachten der vom Bundes-ministerium für Bildung und Forschung eingesetzten Kommission zur Verbesserung derinformationellen Infrastruktur zwischen Wissenschaft und Statistik. Baden-Baden: 2001.

Larat, Fabrice: Internationaler Schutz von Menschenrechten am Beispiel des Europarats (inrussischer Sprache). S. 177-231 in: Pankofsky, S. (Hrsg.): Europäische Integration: AktuellerZustand und Perspektiven. Minsk: 2001.

A 10 Appendix

Larat, Fabrice: "E. Colombo", "C. Karamanlis", "H.-D. Genscher" und "Karlspreis" (Lexikonartikelin französischer Sprache). in: Bossuat, Gerárd, Pierre Gerbet and Thierry Grosbois (Hrsg):Dictionnaire historique de la construction européenne. Brüssel: 2001.

Lohmann, Henning: Äquivalenzskalen und haushaltsspezifisches Armutsrisiko, Wirtschaft undStatistik, 2001: Heft 6, S. 483-493.

Maucher, Mathias: The Interplay of Cash and Tax Benefits for Children in Ten EuropeanCountries, EURODATA Newsletter, 2001: Heft 12/13, S. 1-17.

Møller, Bo, Lone Solbjerghøj and Franz Kraus: Official statistics in Denmark: socio-economicmicrodata for research. Mannheim: 2001. [Official Surveys in Western Europe. EuReportingworking paper series]

Müller, Walter: Education and Labour Market Outcomes: Commonality or Divergence? S. 287-308 in: Haller, Max (Hrsg): The Making of the European Union. Heidelberg: 2001.

Müller, Walter: Zum Verhältnis von Bildung und Beruf in Deutschland. Entkopplung oderzunehmende Struktur? S. 29-63 in: Berger, Peter A., and Dirk Konietzka (Hrsg): DieErwerbsgesellschaft. Neue Ungleichheiten und Unsicherheiten. Opladen: 2001.

Müller, Walter: Zur Erinnerung an Aage B. Sørensen, ZUMA-Nachrichten, 2001: Heft 48, S.187-194.

Müller, Walter, Henning Lohmann and Silvia Luber: Self-employment in Advanced Economies(III), International Journal of Sociology, 2001: 31, Heft 1,

Müller, Walter, Henning Lohmann and Silvia Luber: Self-employment in Advanced Economies(IV), International Journal of Sociology, 2001: 31, Heft 2,

Pappi, Franz U.: Buchanan, James M./Tullock, Gordon: The calculus of consent: Logicalfoundations of constitutional democracy. S. 70-73 in: Papcke, Sven, and George W.Oesterdiekhoff (Hrsg): Schlüsselwerke der Soziologie. Wiesbaden: 2001.

Pappi, Franz U., Robert Huckfeldt and Ken I. Ikeda: Political Expertise, Interdependent Citizens,and the Value Added Problem in Democratic Politics, Japanese Journal of Political Science,2001: 1, Heft 2, S. 171-195.

Pappi, Franz U. and Susumu Shikano: Personalisierung der Politik in Mehrparteiensystemen amBeispiel deutescher Bundestagswahlen seit 1980, Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 2001: 42,Heft 3, S. 355-387.

Pappi, Franz U. and Susumu Shikano: Sachpolitik und Kompetenz als Beurteilungskriterien vongroßen und kleinen Wettbewerbern in deutschen Bundestagswahlkämpfen. S. 309-350 in:Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, and Max Kaase (Hrsg): Wahlen und Wähler. Analysen aus Anlassder Bundestagswahl 1998. Wiesbaden: 2001.

Peter, Rolf: Que Sera? A Scenario for Europe in 2010. Zentrum für Europäische Integrations-forschung, Bonn: 2001. [A paper of the Fellows 2000/2001 of the Master of EuropeanStudies Programme]

Peter, Rolf and Guido Houben: Tote Seelen gehen wählen. Eindrücke zweier OSZE-Wahl-beobachter bei den Präsidentschaftswahlen, Belarus-News, 2001: 15, S. 6-7.

Peter, Rolf and Claudia Wagner: Rußland und der "Kampf gegen den Terrorismus". Schulter-schluß mit dem Westen gegen "freie Hand" im Kaukasus?, Osteuropa, 2001: 11/12, S.1247-1261.

Appendix A 11

Poguntke, Thomas: The German Party System: Eternal Crisis?, in: Continuity and Change inGerman Politics: Beyond the Politics of Centrality. A Festschrift for Gordon Smith, SpecialIssue of German Politics, 2001: 10, Heft 2, S. 37-50.

Poguntke, Thomas: Germany, European Journal of Political Research: Political Data Yearbook2000. 2001.

Poguntke, Thomas and Stephen Padgett (Hrsg.): Continuity and Change in German Politics:Beyond the Politics of Centrality. A Festschrift for Gordon Smith. Special Issue of GermanPolitics, Band 10, 2001.

Poguntke, Thomas and Stephen Padgett: Introduction: Beyond the Politics of Centrality?, in:Continuity and Change in German Politics: Beyond the Politics of Centrality. A Festschriftfor Gordon Smith, Special Issue of German Politics, 2001: 10, Heft 2, S. 1-9.

Pütz, Christine: Campaign Practices and Survey Use in the European Commission: The Euro-barometer Survey. S. 105-124 in: Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, and Andrea Römmele (Hrsg):Public Information Campaigns and Opinion Research. A Handbook for the Student andPractitioner. London: 2001.

Römmele, Andrea: Parteien und das Internet: Neue Formen der politischen Partizipation?S. 154-170 in: Harth, Thilo (Hrsg): Politikwelt Internet – Neue demokratische Beteiligungs-chancen mit dem Internet. München: 2001.

Römmele, Andrea and Rachel Gibson: Political Parties and Professionalised Campaigning, TheHarvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 2001: 6, Heft 4,

Römmele, Andrea and Hans-Dieter Klingemann: Campaigns and Surveys: An Introduction.S. 1-7 in: Römmele, Andrea, and Hans-Dieter Klingemann (Hrsg): Public Information Cam-paigns & Opinion Research. A Handbook for the Student & Practitioner. London: 2001.

Römmele, Andrea and Hans-Dieter Klingemann: Communicating 'Europe': Immplications forMulti-Level Governance in the European Union. S. 91-104 in: Römmele, Andrea, and Hans-Dieter Klingemann (Hrsg): Public Information Campaigns & Opinion Research. A Handbookfor the Student & Practitioner. London: 2001.

Römmele, Andrea and Katrin Voltmer: Information and Communication Campaigns: LinkingTheory to Practice. S. 9-20 in: Römmele, Andrea, and Hans-Dieter Klingemann (Hrsg):Public Information Campaigns & Opinion Research. A Handbook for the Student &Practitioner. London: 2001.

Rothenbacher, Franz: Die Altersversorgung im öffentlichen Dienst in Großbritannien, Frankreichund Deutschland seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. S. 127-152 in: Wunder, Bernd (Hrsg.):Pensionssysteme im öffentlichen Dienst in Westeuropa (19./20.Jh.), Régimes de retraitedans la fonction publique en Europe occidentale (19e/20e s.), Pension Systems for PublicServants in Western Europe (19th/20th c.). Baden-Baden: 2001. [Jahrbuch für EuropäischeVerwaltungsgeschichte (JEV), Annuaire d'Histoire Administrative Européenne, Annuario perla Storia Amministrativa Europea, Yearbook of European Administrative History / Nr. 12]

Rothenbacher, Franz: European Population Censuses 2000/1, EURODATA Newsletter, 2001:Heft 12/13, S. 20-23.

Rothenbacher, Franz: Country Profile “United Kingdom”, EURODATA Newsletter, 2001: Heft12/13, S. 28-34.

Sahm, Astrid: Belarus. Von der parlamentarischen Republik zum präsidialen Regime. S. 125-148in: Lindner, Rainer, and Boris Meissner (Hrsg): Die Ukraine und Belarus in der Transfor-mation. Eine Zwischenbilanz. Köln: 2001.

A 12 Appendix

Sahm, Astrid: Lukaschenko zum zweiten, Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik, 2001:S. 1173-1176.

Sahm, Astrid: Schwierige Nachbarschaft: Polen als Feind- und Vorbild, Belarus-News, 2001: S.2-3.

Sahm, Astrid: Von der BSSR zur Republik Weißrußland - Belarus (1988-2001). S. 178-196 in:Beyrau, Dietrich, and Rainer Lindner (Hrsg): Handbuch der Geschichte Weißrußlands.Göttingen: 2001.

Sahm, Astrid: Von humanitärer Hilfe - zu partnerschaftlicher Zusammenarbeit. S. 66-75 in:Fred Dorn (Hrsg): Lebendige Zusammenarbeit. Minsk: 2001.

Sahm, Astrid: Zwischen Selbstbehauptung und Unterdrückung – Zum Verhältnis von Staat undGesellschaft in der Ukraine. S. 92-110 in: Ammon, Günther, and Michael Hartmeier (Hrsg):Zivilgesellschaft und Staat in Europa. Ein Spannungsfeld im Wandel. Baden-Baden: 2001.

Scherer, Stefani: Early Career Patterns: A Comparison between Great Britain and West Germany,European Sociological Review, 2001: 17, Heft 2, S. 119-144.

Schimpl-Neimanns, Bernhard and Franz Kraus: Weitergabe von Mikrodaten der amtlichenStatistik im internationalen Überblick. Bericht für die Kommission zur Verbesserung derinformationellen Infrastruktur zwischen Wissenschaft und Statistik (KVI). CD-ROM. in:Kommission zur Verbesserung der informationellen Infrastruktur zwischen Wissenschaft undStatistik (Hrsg.): Wege zu einer besseren informationellen Infrastruktur: Gutachten der vomBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung eingesetzten Kommission zur Verbesserungder informationellen Infrastruktur zwischen Wissenschaft und Statistik. Baden-Baden: 2001.

Schmitt, Hermann: Zur vergleichenden Analyse des Einflusses gesellschaftlicher Faktoren aufdas Wahlverhalten: Forschungsfragen, Analysestrategien und einige Ergebnisse. S. 621-644in: Kaase, Max, and Hans-Dieter Klingemann (Hrsg): Wahlen und Wähler. Analysen ausAnlaß der Bundestagswahl 1998. Opladen: 2001.

Scholz, Evi and Hermann Schmitt: The Mannheim Eurobarometer Trend File: 1970-1999(Computer file and codebook). Mannheim (MZES and ZUMA), Köln (Zentralarchiv fürEmpirische Sozialforschung): 2001.

Smyth, Emer, Markus Gangl, David Raffe, Damian F. Hannan, Selina McCoy, Walter Müller,Cristina Iannelli, Karen Brannen, Maarten Wolbers, Michèle Mansuy, Yvette Grelet, ThomasCouppié, Gwenaelle Thomas, Hans Rutjes, Jannes Hartkamp and Lena Schröder: AComparative Analysis of Transitions from Education to Work in Europe (CATEWE): FinalReport to the European Commission (DG12). Dublin: 2001.

Stewart, Susan: Autonomy as a Mechanism for Conflict Regulation? The Case of Crimea,Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 2001: 7, Heft 4,

Tseng, Su-Ling: The European Union´s Commercial Policy towards China. in: Preston, P. W.,and Julie Gilson (Hrsg): The European Union and East Asia: Inter-Regional Linkages in aChanging Global System. Cheltenham: 2001.

Ullrich, Carsten G.: Die Akzeptabilität sozialer Sicherungssysteme. Zur Bedeutung grundlegen-der Systemmerkmale für die Akzeptanz wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Institutionen, Sozialer Fort-schritt, 2001: 50, S. 165-171.

van Deth, Jan W.: Ein amerikanischer Eisberg: Sozialkapital und die Erzeugung politischerVerdrossenheit, Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 2001: Heft 42, S. 275-281.

Appendix A 13

van Deth, Jan W.: Soziale und politische Beteiligung: Alternativen, Ergänzungen oder Zwil-linge? S. 195-219 in: Koch, A., M. Wasmer and P. Schmidt (Hrsg): Politische Partizipation inder Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Opladen: 2001.

Weichsel, Volker: Anspruch und Realität der Zivilgesellschaft in Osteuropa. S. 15-22 in: Wegezu einem solidarischen Europa. Dokumentation der deutsch-belarussisch-ukrainischenKonsultation. Darmstadt: 2001.

Zittel, Thomas: Electronic Democracy and Electronic Parliaments: A Comparison between theUS House, the Swedish Riksdagen, and the German Bundestag. S. 22-41 in: Filzmaier, Peter(Hrsg): Internet und Demokratie. Wien: 2001.

Zittel, Thomas: Elektronische Demokratie durch Elektronische Parlamente? S. 171-197 in:Meier-Walser, Reinhard, and Thilo Hart (Hrsg): Politikwelt Internet – Neue demokratischeBeteiligungschancen mit dem Internet? München: 2001.

Zittel, Thomas: Elektronische Demokratie - Planskizze für eine Demokratie des 21. Jahrhun-derts?, Neue Politische Literatur, 2001: Heft 3,

c) MZES Working Papers

Nr. 34 Thomas Bahle and Astrid Pfenning: Angebotsformen und Trägerstrukturen sozialerDienste im europäischen Vergleich. Mannheim 2001.

Nr. 35 Bente B. Nicolaysen: Voluntary Service Provision in a Strong Welfare State. Mannheim2001.

Nr. 36 Jan W. van Deth and Martin Elff: Politicisation and Political Interest in Europe: AMulti-Level Approach. Mannheim 2001.

Nr. 37 Paul W. Thurner and Michael Stoiber: Interministerielle Netzwerke: Formale und infor-melle Koordinationsstrukturen bei der Vorbereitung der deutschen Verhandlungs-positionen zur Regierungskonferenz 1996. Mannheim 2001.

Nr. 38 Henning Lohmann: Self-employed or employee, full-time or part-time? Gender differ-ences in the determinants and conditions for self-employment in Europe and the US.Mannheim 2001.

Nr. 39 Anna Kim and Karin Kurz: Precarious Employment, Education and Gender: A compari-son of Germany and the United Kingdom. Mannheim 2001.

Nr. 40 Hartmut Esser: Integration und ethnische Schichtung. Mannheim 2001.

Nr. 41 Andreas Reich: Politisches Patt in Tschechien: Ursachen, Konsequenzen, Perspektiven.Mannheim 2001.

A 14 Appendix

4. National and international collaborations

Project Partner institutions Location

EducationalExpansion andSocial Reproduc-tion in Europe

Zentrum für Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen(ZUMA)

Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung

LASMAS, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Analyse Secondaireet de Méthodes Appliquées à la Sociologie -Institut du Longitudinal, Centre National de laRecherche Scientifique

INSEE, Institut National de la Statistique et desÉtudes Économiques

Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Humboldt Univ.

Dipartimento di Sociologia e Ricerca Sociale,Facoltà di Sociologia, Università di Trento

Department of Sociology and Social Research,University of Milano Bicocca

TARKI, Social Research Information Centre

SOFI, Swedish Institute for Social and EconomicResearch

Mannheim

Berlin

Paris

Paris

Berlin

Trento

Milano

Budapest

Stockholm

A ComparativeAnalysis ofTransitions fromEducation toWork in Europe(CATEWE)

Economic and Social Research Institute

Centre for Educational Sociology

DESAN Market Research

Research Centre for Education and the LabourMarket

Centre d’Études et de Recherches sur lesQualifications

Hoger instituut voor de arbeid

Instituto para a Inovação na Formação

Swedish Institute for Social Research

Dublin

Edinburgh

Amsterdam

Maastricht

Marseille

Leuven

Lissabon

Stockholm

Socio-economicDevelopment ofSelf-Employmentin Europe

Universität des Saarlandes

Institut für Mittelstandsforschung, UniversitätMannheim

University of Arizona

Università di Trento

Institute for Employment Studies, University ofSussex

Saarbrücken

Mannheim

Tucson

Trento

Brighton

Appendix A 15


Evaluation andAnalyses of theLFS 2000 Data onSchool-to-WorkTransitions inEurope

Centre for Educational Sociology

Economic and Social Research Institut

Research Centre for Education and the LabourMarket

Edinbourg

Dublin

Maastricht

IntermediaryStructures andthe WelfareState: The Role ofthe Churches inWestern Europe

Faculty of Theology, University of Oslo Oslo

Democracy andActive Commit-ment: An Inter-national Compar-ison of Social andPolitical Partici-pation

Department of Economics, Politics and PublicAdministration, Aalborg University

Social and Coltural Planning Office (SCP)

Institut für Sozialwissenschaften UniversitätStuttgart

Department of Public Administration University ofTwente

Institutt for statsvitenskapUniversity of Oslo

Department de Science Politique Université deGenève

Department of Politics and InternationalRelations, University of Aberdeen

Inst. Juan March de Est. E Invest., Centro deEstudios Avanzados en Ciencias Sociales

ECPR, University of Essex

The LOS Centre

Department of GovernmentUppsala University

Department of Political ScienceUniversity of Aarhus

Departamento de Ciencia Politica y de laAdministracion, Facultad de DerechoUniversidad Autonoma de Madrid

Department of Government, Uppsala University

Department of Politics,University of Sheffield

Aalborg

The Hague

Stuttgart

Enschede

Oslo

Geneve

Aberdeen

Madrid

Colchester

Bergen

Uppsala

Aarhus

Madrid

Uppsala

Sheffield

A 16 Appendix


Democracy andActive Commit-ment: An Inter-national Compar-ison of Social andPolitical Partici-pation (contd.)

Institut für Politikwissenschaft,Universität Bern

Departiment Sociologie and ISPO, KatholiekeUniversiteit Leuven

Center for the Evaluation and Strategie Studies,Institute for Social Sciences, University ofLjubljana

UNICS – ISCTE, Department of Sociology,University of Lisbon

Bern

Leuven

Ljubljana

Lisbon

Political Repre-sentation andElectoral Behav-iour in the Euro-pean Union(TMR-Network)

Institutt for Samfunnsforskning

Department of Political Science, University ofGothenburg

Nuffield College

Department of Political Science, University ofDublin/Trinity College,

Fondation National des Sciences Politiques

IPOP/ISPO, Université Catholique de Louvain

Department of Public Administration, Universityof Twente

Amsterdam School of Communication research,University of Amsterdam,

Forschungsschwerpunkt Institutionen undSozialer Wandel, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlinfür Sozialforschung

Department of Political Science, UniversidadNacional de Education a Distancia,

Department of Political Science, University ofGenova

Oslo

Gothenburg

Oxford

Dublin

Paris

Louvain

Enschede

Amsterdam

Berlin

Madrid

Genova

ComparativeAnalysis of PartyPlatforms for theEuropean Election

Amsterdam School of Communication Research,University of Amsterdam

Department of Political Science, University ofDublin/Trinity College

Forschungsschwerpunkt Institutionen undSozialer Wandel, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlinfür Sozialforschung

Department of Government, University of Essex

Amsterdam

Dublin

Berlin

Colchester

Appendix A 17


Political Leadersand DemocraticElections

Department of Political Science, Universite deMontreal


Department of Political Science, University ofCalifornia at Irvine

Research School for the Social Sciences,Australian National University,

Department of Political Science, University of theBasque Country

Institutt for Samfunnsforskning

Department of Political Science, University ofGothenburg

Department of Government, University ofStrathclyde

Montreal

Enschede

Irvine

Canberra

Bilbao

Oslo

Gothenburg

Glasgow

Political Supportin the NewEurope

Department of Political Science, NorwegianUniversity of Science and Technology

Departmnent of Political Science, University ofGothenburg

University of Dublin/Trinity College

CIDSP, Universite de Grenoble

IPOP/ISPO, Université Catholique de Louvain


Amsterdam School of Communication Research,University of Amsterdam

Forschungsschwerpunkt Institutionen undSozialer Wandel, WZB

Department of Political Science, University ofCatania

Department of Political Science, Central EuropeanUniversity

Trondheim

Gothenburg

Dublin

Grenoble

Louvain

Enschede

Amsterdam

Berlin

Catania

Budapest

Governance in anExpanded Multi-level System

Sussex European Institute (SEI), U. of Sussex

School of Legal Studies, University of Sussex

School of European Studies, University of Sussex

Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Maryand Westfield College

Brighton

Brighton

Brighton

London

A 18 Appendix


Governance in anExpanded Multi-level System(contd.)

Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, ClareCollege

Institute for East European Law and RussianStudies, University of Leiden

Istituto degli Affari Internazionali (IAI)

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Dept. PolitiekeWetenschappen

Department of Economics, University of Warsaw

Chinese Academy for Social Sciences (CASS)

Dept. of European Studies, LoughboroughUniversity

European University Institute

Dept. of Politics, University of Glasgow

Center for the Study of Democracy, University ofWestminster

Dept. of Political Science, University ofCanterbury

Government Department, Skidmore College

Center for International Studies, PrincetonUniversity

Department of Political Science, Utah StateUniversity

Copenhagen Peace Research Institute, COPRI

ARENA, University of Oslo

Cambridge

Leiden

Rome

Leuven

Warsaw

Beijing

Loughborough

Florence

Glasgow

London

Canterbury

New York

Princeton, USA

Salt Lake City

Copenhagen

Oslo

Brussels orMoscow: TheForeign PolicyOrientation ofBelarus, Poland,the SlovakRepublic, andUkraine in thePost-CommunistProcesses ofIntegration andTransformation

Analytisches Zentrum „Strategija“

Center for International Studies and Research

Deutsches Polen-Institut

Bundesinstitut für Internationale undOstwissenschaftliche Studien (BIOst)

Ost-West-Institute

Internationales Institut für politische Studien

Ukrainian Research Institute at Harvard University

Ukrainisches Zentrum für Studien zu Frieden,Konversion und Konfliktlösung

Zentrum für Oststudien

Minsk

Paris

Darmstadt

Cologne

Kiew

Minsk

Cambridge

Kiew

Warsaw

Appendix A 19


Brussels orMoscow (contd.)

Zentrum für Internationale Studien

Zentrum für Internationale Beziehungen

Minsk

Warsaw

The Foreign Policyof the RussianFederation vis-à-vis Bulgaria andthe FederalRepublic ofYugoslavia:Potential forConflict orCooperation onthe EuropeanPeriphery?

Europa-Institut der RAdW

Institut für Ethnologie und Anthropologie derRadW

Allrußländisches Zentrum zur Erforschung derÖffentlichen Meinung

Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftliche undPolitische Studien der RAdW

Institut für Strategische Studien

Institute of International Politics and Economics

Institut za evropske studije

Center for Strategic Studies

Institute for Political and Legal Studies

Institute for Security and International Studies

Bundesinstitut für ostwissenschaftliche undinternationale Studien (BIOst)

Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP)

Südostinstitut

Hessische Stiftung Friedens- undKonfliktforschung (HSFK)

Moscow

Moscow

Moscow

Moscow

Moscow

Belgrade

Belgrade

Belgrade

Sofia

Sofia

Cologne

Ebenhausen

Munich

Frankfurt/M.

Institutionalizat-ion of Internat-ional NegotiationSystems

Dept. of Political Science, Harris Grad. School ofPublic Policy, University of Chicago

Center for International and Comparative Studies,Northwestern University

Chicago

Chicago

The NationalityPolicy of Ukrainesince 1989 andits Contributionto Ethnic ConflictRegulation


Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP)

Osteuropa-Institut

Hessische Stiftung Friedens- undKonfliktforschung (HSFK)

Institute of Political Science and Ethnic Relations

Institute of Sociology, Ukrainian Academy ofSciences

Kyivo-Mohylians’ka Academy

Cologne

Ebenhausen

Munich

Frankfurt

Kiev

Kiev

Kiev

A 20 Appendix


The NationalityPolicy of Ukrainesince 1989 andits Contributionto Ethnic ConflictRegulation(contd.)

Sociology Department,University of Kharkiv

Departments of History and Philology, Universityof Chernivtsi

Fund for the Development of the CarpathianEuropregion

Hungarian Pedagogical Insitute

Kharkiv

Chernivtsi

Uzhhorod

Berehovo

The Relationshipbetween theCzech and SlovakRepublics afterthe Dissolution oftheir CommonState


Collegium Carolinum

FB III Politikwissenschaft, Universität Trier

Forschungsstelle Osteuropa an der UniversitätBremen

Herder-Institut

Max-Planck-Institut für AusländischesÖffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht

Institut für internationale Studien der Sozialwis-senschaftlichen Fakultät der Karls-Universität

Institut für Zeitgeschichte

Soziologisches Institut der Akademie derWissenschaften

T.G. Masaryk-Institut

Historisches Institut der Akademie derWissenschaften

Hochschule für Ökonomie

Institut für Sozial- und Wirtschaftgeschichte derKarls-Universität

Politologisches Kabinett der Akademie derWissenschaften

Fachbereich Politikwissenschaften der Comenius-Universität

Lehrstuhl für Weltgeschichte, PhilosophischeFakultät der Comenius-Universität

Institut für Soziologie der Akademie fürWissenschaften

Cologne

Munich

Trier

Bremen

Marburg

Heidelberg

Prague

Prague

Prague

Prague

Prague

Prague

Prague

Bratislava

Bratislava

Bratislava

Bratislava

The Significanceof the Cominternfor the German-Russian Relations

Humboldt-Universität

Bundesministerium des Innern

Russische Akademie der Wissenschaften

Berlin

Berlin

Moscow

Appendix A 21

5. Visiting professors / scholars

Wu Zhicheng, University Nanking, China October 2000 - April 2001

Chen Zhirui, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Peking October 2000 - August 2001

Gu Junli, Institute for European-Studies at the ChineseAcademy of Social Sciences, Peking February - April 2001

Fang Lei, University of Shandong, China February - August 2001

Christian Toft, University of Loughborough, England March - December 2001

Richard Arum, New York University, USA April 2001

Kenneth Newton, University of Southampton, England March/April and October 2001

Margarita Balmaceda, University of Toledo / Seton HallUniversity, USA May - July 2001

Laura Castiglioni, University of Milan, Italy May 2001 - April 2002

Raul Tormos, University of Barcelona, Spain May 2001 - April 2002

Johan Martinsson, University of Gothenburg, Sweden May 2001 - April 2002

Alice Ludvig, University of Vienna, Austria May 2001 - April 2002

William A. Maloney, University of Aberdeen, Scotland June - August 2001

Olav Helge Angell, University of Oslo, Norway July 2001

Igor Leshukov, Center for Integration Research andPrograms (CIRP), St. Petersburg, Russia August - October 2001

Rachel Gibson, University of Salford, England August 2001 - April 2002

Mette Sicard FiltenborgUniversity of Southern Denmark, Odense September 2001 - January 2002

Duncan Snidal, University of Chicago, USA November 2001

Kenneth W. Abbott, Northwestern University, USA November 2001

Thomas Poguntke, Keele University, England December 2001

Martin Hering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA December 2001 - January 2002

A 22 Appendix

6. Lectures, conferences and workshops

a) Lectures given by invited guests and MZES researchers

Lectures are given by invitation of the director or department head. Some lectures weresponsored jointly by the MZES and the Department of Social Sciences.

Date Lecturer Lecture title Sponsor

16.01.2001 Dieter RuchtWZB Berlin

Zum Wandel von Umweltbewegungund Umweltprotest in Europa unterbesonderer Berücksichtigung derBundesrepublik

Dept. B

22.01.2001 Nedad StefanovFrankfurt

Zur politischen Kultur in Serbien Dept. B

23.01.2001 Adriana LealUniversität Frankfurt

Wahlprognosen und Wahlerwar-tungen: Eine vergleichende Analysezwischen Deutschland und Brasilien

Dept. B

23.1.2001 Vladimir KozlowskySt. Petersburg

Russische Gesellschaft nach demsozialen Wandel

Dept. A

29.01.2001 Airat Aklaevat present HSFK Frankfurt

Democratic Consolidation and theDynamics of Ethnic Peace in theBalkans: The Cases of Estnia andLithuania

Dept. B

05.02.2001 Tadeusz A. OlszanskiCentre for Eastern Studies,Warsaw

Ukrainian Foreign Policy and theEnergy Sector: The Polish Factor

Dept. B

06.2.2001 Prof. Helmut AnheierLondon School ofEconomics

Thesen zur Zukunft des drittenSektors

Dept. A

07.02.2001 Prof. Karl GabrielUniversität Münster

Caritativer Katholizismus, Wohlfahrts-staat und Wohlfahrtsverbände

Dept. A

07.02.2001 Prof. Dr. AndreasDiekmannUniversität Bern

Fairness und Reziprozität. NeueWege der Spieltheorie

Joint Colloquiumof MZES andDept. of SocialSciences

12.02.2001 Dorothée de NeveUniversität Halle

Sozialdemokratische undsozialistische Parteien inSüdosteuropa: Albanien, Bulgarienund Rumänien 1989-1997

Dept. B

13.02.2001 Prof. Dr. Dorothea JansenHochschule für Verwal-tungswissenschaft, Speyer

Ego-Netzwerke von Gründern - ersteErgebnisse aus dem Forschungsprojekt

Dept. A

13.02.2001 Jan BeyersKatholieke UniversiteitLeuven

The Social Basis of European Policy:The Adaptation of Belgian SocietalInterest Groups to the EU

Dept. B

Appendix A 23


30.03.2001 Sebastiaan PrincenUniversity of Utrecht

Regulatory Issues in TransatlanticTrade Relations

Dept. A

25.04.2001 Prof. Dr. John GoldthorpeNuffield College, Oxford

Globalisation and Social Class Joint Colloquiumof MZES andDept. of SocialSciences

02.05.2001 Prof. Dr. Jan W. van DethMZES

Politisches Interesse und Apathie inEuropa

Joint Colloquiumof MZES and ZEW

15.05.2001 Christian Toft, Ph.D.guest scholar at MZES

Politiken der Arbeitslosigkeit:Deutschland, Großbritannien undDänemark im historischen Vergleich

Dept. A

22.05.2001 Dr. Henriette EngelhardtMPI Rostock

Familienpolitik und die intergenera-tionale Vererbung des Scheidungs-risikos

Dept. A

29.05.2001 Josef FalkeZentrum für EuropäischeRechtspolitik, UniversitätBremen

Rechtliche Vorkehrungen zurSchaffung von Öffentlichkeit(en) imGemeinschaftsrecht

Dept. B

30.05.2001 Prof. Steve KrasnerStanford University

Organized Hypocrisy and InternationalRelations

Joint Colloquiumof MZES andDept. of SocialSciences

12.06.2001 Dr. Frank KalterUniversität Mannheim

Die strukturelle Assimilation vonArbeitsmigranten im Ligensystem desdeutschen Fußballs

Dept. A

18.06.2001 Elke FeinUniversität Freiburg

Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit undnationale Identitätsfindung impostkommunistischen Rußland

Dept. B

19.06.2001 Dr. Thomas ZittelUniversität Mannheim

Elektronische Demokratie Dept. B

19.06.2001 Irena KoganMZES

Multilevel determinants of unemploy-ment risk among non-nationals in theEuropean Union in the mid-1990s

Dept. A

26.06.2001 Dr. Fabrizio BernardiUniversität Bielefeld

The Consequences of RisingEmployment Flexibility: Entry IntoMarriage and First Parenthood in Italy

Dept. A

27.06.2001 Prof. Dr. Heidrun AbromeitTechnische UniversitätDarmstadt

Ein Maß für Demokratie. EuropäischeDemokratien im Vergleich

Dept. B

27.06.2001 Prof. Dr. Peter MairUniversity of Leiden, NL

Democracy and Indifference Joint Colloquiumof MZES andDept. of SocialSciences

A 24 Appendix


02.07.2001 Prof. Dr. Francis SnyderEUI Florenz/ Wissenschafts-kolleg zu Berlin

What is a „Market Economy“? ThePower of Recieved Ideas in EC Anti-dumping Law Concerning China

Dept. B

02.07.2001 Sebastian GerhardtUniversität Warschau

Polens Ostpolitik seit 1989 Dept. B

02.07.2001 Dr. Olav Helge AngellUniversität Oslo

Church and Welfare State in Norway:The Role of Religious Organisations inthe Provision of Health Care andSocial Services

Dept. A

04.07.2001 Dr. Christian LequesneCERI Paris

The Governance of Fisheries in the EU Dept. B

05.07.2001 Prof. Dr. Gerald SchneiderUniversität Konstanz

Janusköpfige Verhandlungsmacht:Eine Evaluation der Literatur zu denZweiebenen-Spielen

Dept. B

09.07.2001 Hannes AdomeitSWP

Die aktuellen Probleme der rußländi-schen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik

Dept. B

10.07.2001 Marcus ButzMZES

Bildungs- und Einkommensungleich-heiten in Deutschland und Italien

Dept. A

16.07.2001 Dr. Margarita BalmacedaSeton Hall University, NJ

Energiebeziehungen zwischen derUkraine und dem Westen

Dept. B

16.07.2001 Elke FeinUniversität Freiburg

Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit undnationale Identitätsfindung impostkommunistischen Rußland

Dept. B

17.07.2001 Dr. Irene DingeldeyUniversität Bremen

Die beschäftigungsfähige Mutter –steuerungstheoretische Implikationender aktivierenden Arbeitsmarktpolitikfür die Familienpolitik

Dept. A

23.07.2001 Dr. Margarita BalmacedaSeton Hall University, NJ

Between Integration with Brusselsand Energy Dependence on Moscow:New Challenges Facing the EastEuropean Countries

Dept. B

30.07.2001 Thomas Gschwend, Ph.D.MZES

Strategisches Wählen bei derBundestagswahl 1998

Dept. B

30.10.2001 Prof. Dr. Hartmut EsserUniversität Mannheim

Ehekrisen und Untreue: Das (Re-)Framing der Ehe und der Anstieg derScheidungsraten

Dept. A

13.11.2001 Dr. Simon GächterUniversität St. Gallen

Kooperation, Konkurrenz und sozialeNormen aus verhaltensökonomischerPerspektive

Dept. A

26.11.2001 Dr. Barbara KoremenosUniversity of California

Renegotiation Design in InternationalTreaties

Dept. B

Appendix A 25


27.11.2001 Stefani SchererMZES

Erwerbseintrittsprozesse und beruf-liche Frühkarrieren in der Bundes-republik Deutschland, Großbritannienund Italien

Dept. A

28.11.2001 Prof. Dr. Elmar RiegerUniversität Bremen

Welche Grundlagen für dieGlobalisierung?

Dept. B

03.12.2001 Dr. Elkhan NuriyevArbeitsstelle Friedens-forschung Bonn

The Post-Soviet Caucasus: EthnicConflicts and Questions of OutsideIntervention

Dept. B

04.12.2001 Prof.Dr. Walter Müller andReinhard PollakUniversität Mannheim

Die langfristige Entwicklung sozialerMobilität

Dept. A

11.12.2001 Mette Sicard FiltenborgUniversity of SouthernDenmark, at present MZES

Strategic Coalitionbuilding in theEuropean Politiy: A Study of Sub-national Authorities, the EuropeanCommission and Policy Networks inBaltic Sea Region Affairs

Dept. B

17.12.2001 Sabine FischerHSFK Frankfurt

Zur Wirkung von Ideen in derrussischen Westpolitik: Diskurs undaußenpolitischer Entscheidungsprozeßwährend des Kosovo-Krieges

Dept. B

17.12.2001 Dr. Anna Kim andDr. Karin Kurz,MZES andUniversität Bielefeld

Prekäre Beschäftigung – einevergleichende Analyse für dieBundesrepublik Deutschland undGroßbritannien

Dept. A

18.12.2001 Dr. Paul Reuber andDr. Günter WokersdorferUniversität Münster

Geopolitische Leitbilder über Europaals „strategische Regionalisierungen“

Dept. B

A 26 Appendix

b) Conferences and workshops

The following is a list of conferences and workshops organized in 2001 by MZES staff

members with MZES support. More information about the topics can be found in the reports

of the research departments.

15.-16.01.2001 A Decade of Regional Research: What Have we Learned?“Workshop

Chair: Prof. Dr. Beate Kohler-Koch, Dr. Michèle Knodt, Dr. Thomas ConzelmannLocation: MZES

25.-26.01.2001 Educational Inequalities of Migrant ChildrenWorkshop

Chair: Prof. Dr. Hartmut EsserLocation: MZES

21.-22.02.2001 Towards an Assertive EuropeAEI-Panel

Chair: Dr. Michèle Knodt, MZESLocation: MZES

26.02.-03.03.01 EU-China Familiarization ProgrammeWorkshop

Chair: Prof. Dr. Beate Kohler-KochLocation: MZES

26.-28.04.2001 Expanding Markets, Welfare State Retrenchment and Their Impact on SocialStratificationConference of the ISA Research Committee on Social Stratification (RC 28)

Chair: Prof. Dr. Walter MüllerLocation: MZES

29.04.2001 Self-employment in Advanced Economies IVWorkshop

Chair: Prof. Dr. Walter Müller and Prof. Richard Arum, New YorkLocation: MZES

18.-19.05.2001 The Political Economy of International Environmental NegotiationsWorkshop of the IINS Research Group

Chair: Prof. Dr. Roland Vaubel, MannheimLocation: MZES

Appendix A 27

07.-10.06.2001 TMR Research Network “Political Representation in Europe”Third Plenary Meeting

Chair: PD Dr. Hermann SchmittLocation: CEVIPOF, Paris

01.-02.11.2001 „Verfassungspolitik in der EU“im Forschungsschwerpunkt "Regieren in der EU"DFG-Panel


16.11.2001 International LegalizationWorkshop of the IINS Research Group

Chair: Prof. Dr. Franz Urban PappiLocation: MZES

23.-24.11.2001 Evaluation and Analyses of the ECLFS 2000 ad hoc Module Data on School-to-Work TransitionsCoordination Workshop

Chair: Prof. Dr. Walter MüllerLocation: MZES

03.12.2001 Argumentative Behavior in International NegotiationsWorkshop of the IINS Research Group


7. Mannheim Post-Graduate ProgrammeThe „Mannheimer Doktorandenkolleg (MDK)“ is a group of Ph.D. students supported by the„Gesellschaft der Freunde der Universität Mannheim“ (GdF) and associated with the DFG-funded Research Group on the „Institutionalization of International Negotiation Systems“. TheMDK group currently consists of five members and started its work in October 1999.

During 2001, the MDK met on a regular basis for project presentations, joint workshops andlectures by invited guests. The following project presentations were discussed:- Axel Dreher: Does the IMF cause moral hazard and political business cycles? Evidence frompanel data.

- Axel Dreher: The Influence of IMF Programs on the Re-election of Debtor Governments- Florent Duplouy: Verhandlungen als Streitbeilegungsinstrument- Peter Kotzian: Anreizstrukturen und Ausgabendynamik in Europäischen Gesundheitssystemen- Boucounta Sene: Die Institutionalisierung internationaler Verhandlungen am Beispiel desLomé-Nachfolgeabkommens

- Michael Stoiber: Interministerielle Koordination und Tausch in der Vorbereitung der EU-Mit-gliedstaaten auf die Regierungskonferenz 1996

A 28 Appendix

8. Library

Tables documenting stock and increase of literature

Table 8.1: Collection of Western Europe country studies as of 31 December 2001

Table 8.2: Rate of increase of literature on Western Europe in 2001

Table 8.3: Collection of literature on Eastern Europe as of 31 December 2001

Table 8.4: Rate of increase of literature on Eastern Europe in 2001

Table 8.1: Collection of Western Europe country studies as of 31 December 2001

Stock 01 E.K. A B CH D DK E F GB GR I IRL IS L M N NL P S SF ∑Allg 227 24 38 23 91 3 87 104 42 13 53 14 1 1 0 4 17 8 1 11 762Bevgeo 261 4 18 8 81 5 17 32 28 12 43 4 0 1 0 1 4 3 3 10 535Bild 177 7 7 14 105 5 12 46 18 5 30 11 0 2 1 3 7 2 5 5 462Erwkla 281 50 5 4 204 3 29 53 52 4 12 22 0 0 0 0 6 1 5 19 750Famil 249 30 39 12 189 34 55 45 96 10 25 12 0 0 0 0 9 23 7 4 839Kultur 45 1 1 3 19 2 8 21 3 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 111Medien 47 0 0 1 13 1 1 11 4 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 85Nation 237 6 7 2 33 0 23 19 26 4 20 10 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 390Polsoz 425 17 11 20 193 2 40 98 152 18 134 25 1 0 0 6 19 11 21 11 1204Sozsta 604 35 57 21 223 23 41 105 130 16 34 28 0 0 0 4 11 1 25 11 1369Staat 339 19 38 19 172 1 35 68 89 13 28 18 0 1 1 3 3 2 6 5 860Umwelt 46 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 61Unglei 69 6 1 4 53 11 16 9 31 7 8 12 0 0 0 2 4 1 0 0 234Verbän 141 19 10 8 93 5 16 43 46 4 34 3 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 4 434Wirt 309 4 8 9 119 2 35 19 38 13 37 20 0 2 0 0 1 4 9 2 631∑ Stock 3457 222 240 149 1598 97 415 673 756 120 468 180 3 7 2 23 87 62 85 83 8727

Legend: E.K.=comparative European integration research, A=Austria, B=Belgium, CH=Switzerland, D=Germany, DK=Denmark, E=Spain, F=France, GB=United Kingdom, GR=Greece,I=Italy, IRL=Ireland,IS=Iceland, L=Luxembourg, M=Malta, N=Norway, NL =Netherlands, P=Portugal, S=Sweden, SF=Finland

Allg General, social, economic history Polsoz Political parties, elections, participation, elitesBevgeo Population, migration, urbanism, social geography Sozsta Welfare state, social policy, public healthBild Education, science, research Staat Constitution, government, administration, lawErwkla Labour market, classes, professions, status groups Umwelt Environmental policyFamil Family, houshold, kinship, Unglei Inequality, mobility, social stratificationKultur Churches, culture, tourism Verbän Trade unions, employers' organisationsMedien Mass media, communication, Wirt Economic structure and -growth, entrepreneursNation Nationalism, minorities, regionalism

Table 8.2: Rate of increase for literature on Western Europe in 2001

Increase 01 E.K. A B CH D DK E F GB GR I IRL IS L M N NL P S SF ∑Allg 11 0 0 5 2 0 3 6 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31Bevgeo 9 0 2 0 6 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 22Bild 4 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13Erwkla 11 1 0 0 13 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29Famil 5 0 1 0 14 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 26Kultur 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8Medien -1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5Nation 8 0 0 1 4 -1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15Polsoz 36 2 0 0 31 0 0 4 9 1 -6 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 82Sozsta 33 2 0 1 28 -3 2 27 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 101Staat 28 2 0 0 12 0 3 17 5 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 72Umwelt 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2Unglei 3 0 0 4 7 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16Verbän 25 2 0 1 8 0 0 2 2 -1 7 2 0 0 0 0 -1 0 -1 0 46Wirt 5 0 0 0 -2 0 0 -1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 6∑ Increase 185 9 3 13 133 -3 9 58 34 2 13 6 1 0 1 2 3 1 3 1 474

Legend: E.K.= comparative European integration research, A=Austria, B=Belgium, CH=Switzerland, D=Germany, DK=Denmark, E=Spain, F=France, GB=United Kingdom, GR=Greece,I=Italy, IRL=Ireland,IS=Iceland, L=Luxembourg, M=Malta, N=Norway, NL =Netherlands, P=Portugal, S=Sweden, SF=Finland


Table 8.3: Collection of literature on Eastern Europe as of 31 December 2001

Stock 01 OE AL BG BiH BY CS CZ EST H HR LT LV MD MK PL RO RUS SK SLO SU TR UKR YU ∑Allg 117 4 9 0 53 55 8 4 26 1 4 2 0 1 34 5 26 11 0 127 11 70 18 586Bevgeo 17 0 0 0 8 1 0 0 5 0 0 1 1 0 5 1 12 1 0 10 0 1 0 63Bild 14 1 2 0 3 5 2 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 4 3 4 0 0 6 0 1 0 51Erwkla 19 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 2 1 1 12 1 1 0 51Famil 12 0 2 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 7 1 0 0 30Kultur 11 0 1 0 13 6 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 5 1 10 0 56Medien 5 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 17Nation 94 0 0 1 15 19 4 1 4 0 3 0 0 0 2 3 15 3 0 31 2 43 8 248Polsoz 158 0 3 0 35 44 4 2 25 1 1 1 0 0 19 5 51 11 0 78 1 39 5 483Sozsta 45 0 1 0 0 2 3 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 9 0 0 10 0 7 0 88Staat 71 1 2 2 12 12 2 3 7 1 11 0 0 1 8 2 41 5 1 60 7 26 3 278Umwelt 11 0 1 0 18 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 2 0 6 0 45Unglei 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 12Verbän 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 4 1 2 0 13Wirt 197 4 9 0 5 15 13 1 18 0 2 1 3 0 43 4 24 5 3 56 3 8 2 416∑ Stock 779 10 30 3 165 169 39 15 100 4 21 5 5 2 138 26 189 38 5 416 28 214 36 2437

Legend: OE=Eastern Europe, AL=Albania, BG=Bulgaria, BY=Belarus, BiH=Bosnia-Herzegovina, CS=Czechoslovakia, CZ=Czech Republic, EST=Estonia, H=Hungary , HR=Croatia,LT=Lithuania, LV=Latvia,MD=Moldavia, MK=Macedonia; PL=Poland, RO=Romania, RUS=Russia, SK=Slovakia, SLO=Slovenia, SU=Soviet Union, TR=Turkey, UKR=Ukraine, YU=Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)


Table 8.4: Rate of increase for literature on Eastern Europe in 2001

Increase 01 OE AL BG BiH BY CS CZ EST H HR LT LV MD MK PL RO RUS SK SLO SU TR UKR YU ∑Allg 5 0 0 0 0 17 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 2 3 0 37Bevgeo 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2Bild 1 0 0 0 -1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3Erwkla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Famil 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6Kultur 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2Medien 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6Nation 10 0 0 0 0 9 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 2 0 0 0 6 0 33Polsoz 15 0 0 0 0 16 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 3 0 0 0 3 1 46Sozsta 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 7Staat 6 0 1 0 0 5 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 1 0 1 2 1 27Umwelt 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3Unglei 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Verbän 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1Wirt 13 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 24∑ Increase 58 0 3 0 -1 60 11 4 4 0 1 0 0 1 6 1 19 9 1 0 4 16 2 199

Legend: OE=Eastern Europe, AL=Albania, BG=Bulgaria, BY=Belarus, BiH=Bosnia-Herzegovina, CS=Czechoslovakia, CZ=Czech Republic, EST=Estonia, H=Hungary , HR=Croatia,LT=Lithuania, LV=Latvia,MD=Moldavia, MK=Macedonia; PL=Poland, RO=Romania, RUS=Russia, SK=Slovakia, SLO=Slovenia, SU=Soviet Union, TR=Turkey, UKR=Ukraine, YU=Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)
