Manifest Destiny and Manifest Destiny and a Changing Societya Changing Society

Marbury v. Madison Marbury v. Madison

• Court case that established Judicial Review

• JR: The Supreme Court can review any law passed by Congress and the President

• If the SC finds the law to be unconstitutional, then they can throw it out.

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

The belief that the US should occupy all land from coast to coast.

Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase (1803)(1803)

US purchased LA territory from France for $15 million. Doubles the size of the US.

TexasTexas

Annexation of Texas in 1845 caused a war with Mexico.

Mexican CessionMexican Cession

Area of land gained because of the war with Mexico (includes AZ, NM, CA).

Gadsden Purchase Gadsden Purchase (1853)(1853)

Area of land purchased from Mexico so that we would have flat land to build a railroad.

California Gold RushCalifornia Gold Rush

1849—thousands head west looking for gold. Gives CA enough residents to become a state and makes San Francisco a major financial and market center on the west coast.

Andrew JacksonAndrew JacksonHero of the Battle of New Orleans

during the War of 1812Invaded Florida to stop Seminole

Indian attacks in Georgia and so forced Spain to give up its claim to Florida

Elected in 1828 as 7th President of U.S.Introduced the “Spoils System” in

American politics.

Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

• In 1830, Jackson encouraged Congress to pass this act so white farmers could claim the fertile lands of the South

• Jackson forcibly relocated about 100,000 members of 5 tribes

• They lost 100 million acres of rich Southern land and were given 32 million acres of dry prairie land in Oklahoma.

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

• In 1832 the Cherokees sued the state of Georgia for the right to remain in their homeland

• The Supreme Court ruled in their favor.

• Georgia ignored the ruling and President Jackson agreed.

The Trail of Tears (continued)The Trail of Tears (continued)

In 1838, the U.S. Army rounded up over 15,000 Cherokee men, women, and children and forced them to march westward on foot.

The journey took 116 days. ¼ of them died. They called it the “Trail of Tears.”

Tariff & Nullification CrisisTariff & Nullification Crisis

•Northern congressmen passed a tariff on imported goods which forced the South to buy manufactured goods from the North.

•South Carolina refused to pay the tariff and claimed States’ Rights – the right to nullify any law that was unfair to one region of the country.

Nullification (continued)Nullification (continued)

• President Jackson threatened to send in the military.

• South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union.

• Jackson proposed a lower tariff.

ReformReform

To change

Temperance MovementTemperance Movement

Campaign to encourage people to avoid drinking alcohol because it caused all of the problems in society.

ProhibitionProhibition

A movement to make alcohol illegal. Some states passed laws banning alcohol, but these were soon repealed.

SuffrageSuffrage

the right to vote

Elizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott& Lucretia Mott

• Organized the first women’s rights convention in U.S. history

Seneca Falls Seneca Falls ConventionConvention

1848 meeting in Seneca Falls, N.Y. protesting the lack of political and legal rights for women and demanding women’s suffrage

Aroused much public criticism

AbolitionistsAbolitionists

People who wanted to abolish slavery.

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

• Radical white abolitionist.• Published The Liberator, an

antislavery newspaper in Boston.

• Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833.

Frederick DouglassFrederick DouglassBorn into slavery and escaped to

the North.Published abolitionist newspaper,

The North Star.Gave powerful speeches in the

United States and Great Britain.Wrote autobiography which sold

thousands of copies.

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

• A network of secret escape routes that led runaway slaves from the South to freedom in the North.

Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman

• Escaped slave who was a major “conductor” on the Underground Railroad

• She made over 30 trips helping over 300 slaves reach freedom

• Also called “the Black Moses”

Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet Beecher Stowe

• Wrote a novel in 1852 called Uncle Tom’s Cabin which told of the horrors of slavery

• Abe Lincoln later called her “the little woman who started this great war.”

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Proposed by Senator Henry Clay of

Kentucky California entered the Union as a free

state New Mexico and Utah territories would

decide for themselves whether to be free or slave

Fugitive Slave Act would require free states to help return slaves who had escaped to the North

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act

• 1854 law which created the new territories of Kansas and Nebraska

• Allowed the people of these territories to decide for themselves whether to be free or slave

““Bleeding Kansas”Bleeding Kansas”

• Over 1000 New Englanders were sent to Kansas to fight against slavery.

• Many Southerners crossed into Kansas to vote illegally for slavery.

• By 1855 Kansas had two capitals.

• Many died in violent raids between pro and anti slavery groups.

Dred ScottDred Scott

A slave living in Missouri who sued for his freedom because he had

once lived in a free territory.

Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision

• 1857 Supreme Court Case in which the Court ruled thatScott had no right to sue in court

because he was a slave and therefore not a citizen

Congress did not have the power to ban slavery in states or territories because slaves were private property

John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid

• In 1859 John Brown, a white man from Kansas led a group of men in an attack on the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in order to give guns to slaves.

• Brown was convicted of treason and hanged.