1. Supreme Court case that established judicial review

2. Amendment: suffrage cannot be denied based on race

3. A 3/5th vote to end a filibuster

4. Creating oddly-shaped congressional districts in order to favor one political party over another

5. Presidential role that includes such things as greeting foreign dignitaries and presiding over

government ceremonies

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?Judicial ReviewMarbury v. Madison

?!? ?!?

McCulloch v. Maryland

Gibbons v.Ogden

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Rights of the Accused• Miranda v. Arizona (1966)– Issue: Are confessions allowed if the accused

have not been made aware of their rights?

Rights of the Accused• Miranda v. Arizona (1966)– Issue: Are confessions allowed if the accused

have not been made aware of their rights? – Amendments involved:

– Precedent • No confessions allowed unless accused is informed of

their rights

Rights of the Accused• Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)– Issue: If accused of a crime, do you get an

attorney

Rights of the Accused• Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)– Issue: If accused of a crime, do you get an

attorney– Amendments involved:

– Precedent• Anyone accused of a crime is entitled to an attorney

free of charge

Rights of the Accused• Mapp v. Ohio (1961)– What happens if police gain evidence illegally?

Rights of the Accused• Mapp v. Ohio (1961)– What happens if police gain evidence illegally?– Amendments involved:

– Precedent: • Evidence gained without a search warrant is

inadmissible in court

Equality• Regents of the University of

California v. Bakke (1978)– Issue: can race be a factor in college admissions

• aka “Affirmative Action”– Amendments involved:

– Precedent:• Race can be considered as one of many factors in

college admissions, job applications, etc.

Equality• Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US (1964)

– Issue: Can business owners discriminate who they serve?

Equality• Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US (1964)

– Issue: Can business owners discriminate who they serve?

– Amendments involved:

– Precedent:• Business owners may NOT racially discriminate who

they serve

Equality• Korematsu v. US (1944)

– Issue: Can the government limit civil rights in times of war?

Equality• Korematsu v. US (1944)

– Issue: Can the government limit civil rights in times of war?

– Amendments involved:

– Precedent• Rights can be limited in times of war

Other Rights• Furman v. Georgia (1972)– When is the death penalty cruel and unusual?– Amendments involved:– Precedent:• The death penalty is cruel and unusual in

cases such as manslaughter• Gregg v. Georgia (1976)– Death penalty doesn’t always violate 8th

Amendment

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• Texas v. Johnson (1989)– Is flag burning allowed as free expression?– Amendments involved:

– Precedent:• Flag burning is protected as free expression

http://www.ontheissues.org/HouseVote/Party_2003-234.htm