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8/7/2019 Managing the Mobile Bandwidth Explosion
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WhitePaper:ManagingtheMobileBandwidthExplosion
1|P a g e G o S N e t w o r k s L t d 2 0 1 1
ManagingtheMobileBandwidth
Explosion:ASolutionforthe
ClientEdge
AWhitePaperfromGoS
Networks
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ContentsExecutiveSummary...................................................................................................................3Introduction..............................................................................................................................5BandwidthConsumption:AMulti-SidedProblem....................................................................6
Figure1:ApplicationVisibility...........................................................................................8SolvingCongestionProblems....................................................................................................8
CapexDefermentEstimates..................................................................................................9ActiveBandwidthSaving.......................................................................................................9
BandwidthVisibilityattheNetworkEdge..............................................................................10 Figure2:ApplicationVisibilitywiththeDeploymentofGoS..........................................11
Conclusion...............................................................................................................................12References..............................................................................................................................12Abbreviations..........................................................................................................................12Appendix1..............................................................................................................................14
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ExecutiveSummary
Therelentlessgrowthofnetworkbandwidth,andthe
associatedincreaseintrafficvolume,providesanon-goingchallengeforMobileNetworkOperatorseverywhere
particularlywhenitcomestothemanagementandcontrolof
CAPEXandOPEX.SignificantproportionsofMNOCAPEXand
OPEXareconsumedbygrowingandmanagingnetwork
infrastructure,andtheproblemisgrowingwithtraffic
volumes.
Despitecontinuedheavyinvestment,theyarestillfailingto
meetcapacitydemanddatafromCiscosuggestsaCAGRof
108%formobiledatatrafficbetween2009and2014(Cisco,2010).WiththisgrowthrateMNOssimplycannotupgrade
capacityfastenough.
Insufficientbandwidthprovisionleadstopoornetwork
performance.Thishasanegativeeffectonsubscriber
experience,leadingtodissatisfactionwiththenetwork
provider.ThechallengeforMNOsistomanageCAPEXand
OPEXinvestmentstoensurereturnoninvestmentis
maximised,andtodeliverthelevelsofenhancedperformance
thatarenowbeingdemandedbyusers.
Inaddition,MNOsneedtounderstandthenatureofthe
trafficsenttoandfromsubscribersinordertoprovision
existingnetworkresourceseffectivelyandappropriately,and
tocapturedataonsubscriberbehaviour.
Unfortunately,therearenumerousproblemsthatcurrently
reducetheefficientallocationofexistingbandwidthresources,
thebenefitsoffutureinvestments,andtheabilityofMNOsto
fullyunderstanduserapplicationdemands.
CurrentsolutionsleverageDeepPacketInspection(DPI)a
technologythatallowsInternetProtocol(IP)packetstobe
inspectedastheytraversepathsbetweenendpoints.
However,DPI-basedsolutionsarelimitedastheydonot
providefullvisibilityofalltrafficfromtheendpointsoruser
devices.
MNOsneedtosolvethecongestionproblemandsecure
greatervisibilityofapplicationperformance,usageand
demandacrosstheirnetworks.Anewsolutionpromisesto
addresstheseissues:namely,GuaranteeofService(orGoS)fromGoSNetworks.
KeyPoints
1. WithGoS,MobileNetworkOperatorscandeferCAPEX
investmentinbandwidthand
capacitybyupto9months
2. GoSenablesMobileNetworkOperatorstoimprovevideo
downloadefficiencybyupto
10x.
3. GoShelpsMobileNetworkOperatorssave20%ofoverall
bandwidthrequirements
4. GoScanbedeployedinmobiledevices,donglesand
internetkeystoprioritiseand
managebandwidth
requirementsforboth
downstreamandupstream
traffic,helpingreducethe
totalnetworkload.
5. GoScanrestrictbandwidthconsumptiontowhatisreally
necessary,helpingpromote
fairusagebetweenusersin
anygivencell.
6. GoSenablesbandwidthtobeusedmoreefficiently,
allowingMNOstodefer
investmentincapacity
upgrades,helpmeetfinancial
targetsandmanageCAPEX
andOPEXmoreeffectively.
7. GoSallowsanMNOtorapidlydeployandguarantee
revenue-generatingdata
servicesonanexistingdata
connection,reducingOPEX
consumption
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GuaranteeofService,orGoS,isauniquesolutionfromGoSNetworksthatcanbe
embeddedasasoftwareclientwithinmobiledevicesanddongles.GoSdeliversmultiple
real-timeclassesofservice,enablingmultiple,parallelreal-time(andnearreal-time)
applicationsbyprovidingindependentcontroloftraffic.
GoSprovidesthemeanstomanagebandwidthdemandsmoreefficientlybymaintaining
trafficcharacteristicsevenwhenthebandwidthisfullyutilisedandbyallowingupto90%of
thebandwidthtobeusedforreal-timeandcriticalapplications.Thiscanleadtoasignificant
reductioninnetworkcongestion.Ifcongestioncanberelievedsothatavailablebandwidthis
usedmoreefficiently,theninvestmentsincapacityincreasescanbedeferred.
Streamingvideoisanapplicationthatisexperiencingstronggrowthfrommobileusers,but
itcancausesignificantdownstreamcongestionwhendownloadingtakesplaceatthe
maximumpossiblebandwidth.EstimatesbyCiscoandotherssuggestthathalfofalltrafficin
mobilenetworksisderivedfromvideodeliveredtomobilebroadbandclients.Calculations
suggestthatapplyingGoStostreamingvideotrafficcouldreducetheoverallpeakloadby
nearly50%,whichisequivalentto9.5monthstrafficgrowthatcurrentrates,estimatedat
108%CAGR.Further,additionalcalculationsbasedonstreamingratesindicatethatuseof
GoScanresultina20%reductionintheamountofvideodataconsumed.
GoScanbedeployedinmobiledevicesanddonglestoprioritiseandmanagebandwidth
requirementsforbothdownstreamandupstreamtraffic,helpingtoreducethetotal
networkload.Byrestrictingbandwidthconsumptiontowhatisreallynecessary,GoS
promotesfairusagebetweenusersinanygivencell.Byusingbandwidthmoreefficiently,
MNOscandeferinvestmentincapacityupgradesinordertomeetfinancialtargetsand
manageCAPEXandOPEXmoreeffectively.
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Introduction
Therelentlessgrowthofnetworkbandwidth,andtheassociatedincreaseintrafficvolume,
providesanon-goingchallengeforMobileNetworkOperatorseverywhereparticularly
whenitcomestothemanagementandcontrolofCAPEXandOPEX.Significantproportions
ofMNOCAPEXandOPEXareconsumedbygrowingandmanagingnetworkinfrastructure,
andtheproblemisgrowingwithtrafficvolumes.Thesechallengesareaptlyillustratedby
thefollowingpassage,whichdescribesTheRedQueensRaceintheclassicbookThrough
theLookingGlassbyLewisCarroll:
"Well,inourcountry,"saidAlice,stillpantingalittle,"you'dgenerallygettosomewhereelse
ifyourunveryfastforalongtime,aswe'vebeendoing."
"Aslowsortofcountry!"saidtheQueen."Now,here,yousee,ittakesalltherunningyoucan
do,tokeepinthesameplace.Ifyouwanttogetsomewhereelse,youmustrunatleasttwice
asfastasthat!"
Whileinvestmentinbandwidthisunavoidable,currentgrowthratesmeanthatMNOsfacea
continuallymovingtarget.Despitecontinuedheavyinvestment,theyarestillfailingtomeet
capacitydemanddatafromCiscosuggestsaCAGRof108%formobiledatatrafficbetween
2009and2014(Cisco,2010).WiththisgrowthrateMNOssimplycannotupgradecapacity
fastenough.LiketheRedQueen,theyarerunningjusttostandstill.
Ofcourse,insufficientbandwidthprovisionleadstopoornetworkperformance.Inturn,thishasanegativeeffectonsubscriberexperience,leadingtodissatisfactionwiththenetwork
provider.ThechallengeforMNOsistomanageCAPEXandOPEXinvestmentstoensure
returnoninvestmentismaximised,andtodeliverthelevelsofenhancedperformancethat
arenowbeingdemandedbyusers.
Inaddition,MNOsneedtounderstandthenatureofthetrafficsenttoandfrom
subscribersinordertoprovisionexistingnetworkresourceseffectivelyandappropriately,
andtocapturedataonsubscriberbehaviour.
Unfortunately,therearenumerousproblemsthatcurrentlyreducetheefficientallocationof
existingbandwidthresources,thebenefitsoffutureinvestments,andtheabilityofMNOsto
fullyunderstanduserapplicationdemands.
Solvingtheseproblemswillensuremoreeffectiveutilisationofbandwidthdeploymentsand
createconditionsforgreaterreturnsonplannednetworkcapacityupgrades.Ifexisting
bandwidthcanbeusedmoreefficiently,investmentscanbedeferred,generatingsignificant
savingsinCAPEXandOPEX(dependingonthemodelusedbytheMNOforbandwidth
deployment:ownedorleasedcapacity).Furthermore,abetterunderstandingofsubscriber
behaviourwillhelpMNOstocreatenewrevenuestreamsthroughmoretargetedoffersand
toenhancecustomersatisfactionwithexistingoffers.
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CurrentsolutionsleverageDeepPacketInspection(DPI)atechnologythatallowsInternet
Protocol(IP)packetstobeinspectedastheytraversepathsbetweenendpoints.However,
DPI-basedsolutionsarelimitedastheydonotprovidefullvisibilityofalltrafficfromtheend
pointsoruserdevices.
ThiswhitepaperwillexploretheproblemsfacedbyMNOsinmeetingbandwidthdemands
andhighlightasolutionthatcomplementstraditionalDPIequipmentandcan:
Helpinvestmentsgofurther,andallowdefermentofcapacityinvestment; Leadtoamoreefficientevolutionofnetworkinfrastructure;and Providegreatervisibilityoftrafficusageformobiledevicesanddongles.
BandwidthConsumption:AMulti-SidedProblem
Currentlimitationswithmobilebroadbandcapacityeffectivelyconstrainapplication
performanceandhence,userexperience.Fromtheuserperspective,therearetwo
aspectsofbandwidthconsumptionthatareimportant:
Upstreamtraffic;thatgeneratedatsubscriberdevices;and Downstreamtraffic;thatdeliveredtoclientdevices.
Quitesimply,consumersexpectbandwidthcapacityfordownstreamtraffictobesufficient
topowertheapplicationstheywantatanappropriateperformancelevel.Traditionally,
MNOshavefocusedonachievingsufficientdownstreamtrafficperformance.However,user-
generatedtrafficcanbeequallyimportantwhenaddressingcapacityconcerns,butitisoften
overlookedbyMNOs.Inatypicalnetwork,greatercapacityisavailableinthedownstream
directionwiththeresultthatupstreambandwidthismoreeasilysaturated.
Increasingly,mobileusersaregeneratinggreatervolumesoftraffic,allofwhichneedstobe
deliveredbythenetwork.Thisisassociatedwith,amongotherthings,theriseofuser-
generatedcontent,increaseduseofVoiceoverIP(VoIP)clientsforcommunication,and
PeertoPeer(P2P)traffic.However,thispresentsanadditionalproblemforMNOs:someof
theseapplicationscreaterevenue,whileotherssimplyburdenthenetwork.Inaddition,the
combinationofdifferenttrafficsourcesmaycauseproblemsforcertainapplications.For
example,heavyP2Ptraffic(whichdoesnotgeneraterevenue)maylimittheeffective
transmissionofrevenue-generatingservices,suchasVoIP,orcausedisruptionstoother
real-timeservices.
Thecontinuedriseindownstreamandupstreamtrafficleadstocongestioninthenetwork
thatinhibitstheperformanceofapplicationsinbothdirections.Currently,thiscanonlybe
effectivelyrelievedbyincreasingnetworkcapacity,whichpacetheRedQueen,isan
ultimatelyunsatisfactoryapproach.
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Anadditionalproblemwithbandwidthconsumptionisrelatedtothevisibilityofthetraffic
consumedbyusers.ForMNOs,itisessentialthattheycanmonitor,inrealtime,thetypesof
applicationsbeingusedbysubscribers,forseveralreasons.First,MNOshavetoensurethat
applicationsperformattheappropriatelevel,sothatuserexperienceismaintained.This
ensuresthattheirbasicserviceofferisofanacceptablestandardandisanimportantaspect
ofthefightagainstsubscriberchurn.
Secondly,MNOsneedtoconstantlymonitortheirnetworktoensurethatitperforms
consistentlyacrossallcellsites.Forexample,someareaswillexperiencemoredemandthan
others,whichtypicallyrelatestofluctuationsinuserdensity,ortospikesindemandcaused
bylocalisedorirregularevents.ItisthereforenotenoughforMNOstobeawareofspecific
applications,theyalsoneedtoconsidertheentirenetworkinfrastructure,thenatureofthe
trafficwithinit,andhowtocopewithexpectedsurgesindemand.
Thirdly,MNOshavehistoricallyfacedcontinueddownwardpricingpressureandnowwishto
addressthisbyofferingdifferentiatedpricingbundlesandservices.Inordertoachievethis
mostefficiently,MNOshavetoincreasetheirknowledgeofsubscriberbehaviourand
applicationdemand.AwarenessofapplicationusageanddemandallowsMNOsto
understandsubscriberbehaviourandcreatemoretargetedoffersbothtoallusersand,
critically,onanindividualuserlevel.SuchknowledgecanenableMNOstooffer
differentiatedchargingplansthatgobeyondallyoucaneatbundles,andtocreatenew
revenueopportunities.
TheseproblemsareillustratedinFigure1,whichhighlightsthelackofvisibilityofapplication
demandandconsumptionattheedgeofthenetwork.
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Figure1:ApplicationVisibility
MNOsneedtosolvethecongestionproblemandsecuregreatervisibilityofapplication
performance,usageanddemandacrosstheirnetworks.Anewsolutionpromisestoaddress
theseissues:namely,GuaranteeofService(orGoS)fromGoSNetworks.
SolvingCongestionProblems
GuaranteeofService,orGoS,isauniquesolutionfromGoSNetworksthatcanbe
embeddedasasoftwareclientwithinmobiledevicesanddongles.GoSdeliversmultiple
real-timeclassesofservice,enablingmultiple,parallelreal-time(andnearreal-time)
applicationsbyprovidingindependentcontroloftraffic.Theseserviceclassesconcern:
Throughput; Loss;and Delay/Jitter.
Inthisway,GoSprovidesfine-grainedprioritisationofdifferenttraffictypes,ensuring
acceptableperformanceforreal-timeapplicationsevenwhentheupstreambandwidthis
saturated.GoSalsoprovidesthemeanstomanagebandwidthdemandsmoreefficientlyby
maintainingtrafficcharacteristicsevenwhenthebandwidthisfullyutilisedandbyallowing
upto90%ofthebandwidthtobeusedforreal-timeandcriticalapplications.Inturn,this
canleadtoasignificantreductioninnetworkcongestion.Ifcongestioncanberelievedso
thatavailablebandwidthisusedmoreefficiently,theninvestmentsincapacityincreasescan
bedeferred.
Withcurrentpublishedgrowthrateestimates,itispossibletocalculatethetimefactorfor
CAPEXdefermentthatagivenreductioninnetworkcongestionwilldeliverforparticularuse
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cases.ItisfurtherpossibletocalculatebandwidthsavingsbasedontheapplicationofGoSto
particularapplications.
CapexDefermentEstimates
Streamingvideoisanapplicationthatisexperiencingstronggrowthfrommobileusers,but
itcancausesignificantdownstreamcongestionwhendownloadingtakesplaceatthe
maximumpossiblebandwidth.Itisoftenassumedthattoachieveappropriatelevelsof
customersatisfactionforstreamingvideoitisessentialtomaintainmaximumdownload
ratesatalltimes.However,independentexperimentsundertakenbyGoSNetworkshave
shownthatcustomerexperienceisactuallyunaffectedifthemaximumdownloadrateis
constrainedtoabout1.25xtherateofconsumption.Sincethemaximumdownloadratecan
beanythingupto161timestheminimumrequired,thisrepresentsasubstantialsaving.A
typicalstreamingrateis440kbps,so660kbpsismorethanadequatetopreventplayout
pauses.RestrictingavideodownloadtothisrateratherthanthefullHSDPArateof
7.2Mbpsreducesthepeakbandwidthconsumedbyvideodownloadsbyafactorofmore
than10.EstimatesbyCiscoandotherssuggestthathalfofalltrafficinmobilenetworksis
derivedfromvideodeliveredtomobilebroadbandclients,soapplyingGoSinthiscasecould
reducetheoverallpeakbynearly50%,whichisequivalentto9.5monthstrafficgrowthat
currentrates,estimatedat108%CAGR(Cisco,2010).
ForMNOsfacedwithpressureonCAPEXbudgets,beingabletogracefullymanagenetwork
enhancementsandplanwithmoregranularitycanbeasignificantbenefit.Thiscanbe
achievedbydeployingGoSinmobiledevicesanddonglestoactivelymanagedownload
servicesbyrestrictingdownloadrateswhileensuringfairaccesstoavailableservicesand
resources.
ActiveBandwidthSaving
Deviceclientsthatstreamvideodownloadcontentdosoatafasterratethanitisplayedout
inordertofillbuffers.Experimentsshowthata25%excessrateissufficienttoavoid
playbackpauses.However,aclientinanHSPA(HighSpeedPacketAccess)cellmayusethe
full3Grate,therebydenyingservicetootherusers.Furthermore,statisticsshowthatusers
typicallyabandonavideoclipbeforereachingtheend,sothecapacityusedtodownload
andbuffertheendoftheclipiswasted.ArecentstudybyVisibleMeasuresexaminedshort-
1ThisfigureisderivedfromindependentcalculationsbyGoSNetworks,thatcomparetheminimum
downloadratewiththetypicalmaximumdownlinkcapacityofHSPA3G.Bmin=440k,Bmax=7.2M,
=>Bmax/Bmin=16.36
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formvideosoflessthan300seconds(5minutes)induration,andmadeanumberofkey
findings(VisibleMeasures,2010).
20%oftheaudiencewillabandonviewingthevideointhefirst10seconds; 33%willclickawaybeforethe30secondmark;and 44%oftheaudiencewillhaveleftby60seconds.
Thisdatacanbeusedtocalculatepotentialbandwidthsavingsthatcanbeachievedby
deployingGoSinmobiledevicesanddongles.CalculationsundertakenbyGoSNetworks
suggesta20%reductionintheamountofvideodataconsumed[seeAppendix1].
Inessence,GoSallowsMNOstoconstrainexcessbandwidththatmightotherwisebe
consumedbytheclientdevices,freeingcapacityforotherusersandapplications.Asusers
tendtoterminatesessionsprematurely,thetotalamountofavailablebandwidthisalso
deployedwithgreaterefficiency.
BandwidthVisibilityattheNetworkEdge
ForMNOstoeffectivelymanagetheirnetworks,itisessentialforthemtobeabletoview
bandwidthdemandandperformanceattheextremeedgeofthenetworkthatis,inthe
devicesthatareactuallyinvolvedinsessions,suchasmobileterminalsanddongles.
However,currentsolutionssuchasDPIequipmentcannotextendbeyondthenetwork
boundary.Consequently,DPIproductsneedtobecomplementedbysoftwarethatcanbe
deployeddirectlyintomobiledevicesanddongles.GoSisauniquesolutionthatcanachieve
this.WithGoS,MNOscanobtainfullvisibilityofthepacketsthatarebeingsentdownstream
todevices,aswellasthepacketsthatarebeingdemandedbyupstreamapplications.Thisis
becauseGoSisresponsibleformanagingcongestiononthelinkatthepointoforiginandso
performsthefunctionofselectivelydiscardingexcesspackets.Inturn,MNOscandetermine
whichapplicationsaresufferingpacketlossdatathatcannotbeobtainedusingDPI
equipment.TheeffectofdeployingGoSisillustratedinFigure2.
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Figure2:ApplicationVisibilitywiththeDeploymentofGoS
Armedwiththisinformation,MNOscandeterminewhichapplicationsarebeingutilisedand
bywhomandtoreviewapplicationperformanceandtooptimisetheirnetworkstoensure
thattherightapplicationsreceivetherightpriority.GoSalsoprovidesinformationaboutthe
real-timelinkratesattheclientside,whichenablescontrolmechanismstobeenforcedat
thepointoftrafficoriginorthesourceofdemand,ratherthandeeperinthenetwork.In
otherwords,MNOscanactbeforetheproblembecomesapparentinthenetworkcore.
Collectingthisinformationhasadditionalbenefits.Forexample,MNOscanbeinstantly
alertedwhenqualityandperformancedropbelowexpectedlevels.Understandingwhy
thingsdonotworkisequallyimportantfordeliveringsuccessfulandprofitableservices.
Althoughmanyservicesdonotattractincrementalrevenue,theycanbekeybenchmarksfor
usersatisfaction.Moreover,therearemanynewservicepossibilitiesthatcangenerate
additionalrevenueandtheirnumbersareexpectedtogrowasMNOsmovefrombasic
servicepackagestomoredifferentiatedoffers.Ifaserviceistocapturerevenue,ithasto
performtothelevelsthatconsumersdemand.
AnotherchallengeforMNOsisthat,asmoredevicesswitchbetween3GPPandnon-3GPP
modesofaccess,suchasWiFi,thereisagreaterriskoflosingvisibilityoftheapplications
thatarebeingconsumedacrossalternativenetworks.Again,GoSprovidesasolution.Since
GoSisembeddedinmobiledevicesanddongles,itisstillabletocapturevaluabledata
regardingsubscriberbehaviour,irrespectiveofwhethertraffictraversestheMNOnetwork
oranalternativeWiFiaccesspoint.Thisdatacanbeusedtoenhanceofferstosubscribers
andalsopromotesnetworkoptimisation.
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Conclusion
Inthefaceofcontinuallysoaringuserdemand,MNOsarefightingalosingbattlethrowing
capacityattheproblemisnotthesolution,asitplacesincreasingstrainonCAPEXandOPEX
budgets.Therefore,MNOsshouldexploresolutionsthathelpdeferCAPEXandOPEX
investmentthroughmoreefficientusageofdeployedcapacity.However,tobeeffective,any
solutionmustactatthenetworkedgethatis,inuserdevices.Currentsolutions,suchas
DPI,aredeployedinthenetworkcoreandcannotprovidevisibilityofuserapplication
demand.AuniquesolutiontothisproblemisofferedbyGoSNetworks.
GoScanbedeployedinmobiledevicesanddonglestoprioritiseandmanagebandwidth
requirementsforbothdownstreamandupstreamtraffic,helpingtoreducethetotal
networkload.Byrestrictingbandwidthconsumptiontowhatisreallynecessary,GoS
promotesfairusagebetweenusersinanygivencell.Byusingbandwidthmoreefficiently,
MNOscandeferinvestmentincapacityupgradesinordertomeetfinancialtargetsand
manageCAPEXandOPEXmoreeffectively.
Inadditiontoefficientbandwidthusage,GoSalsoprovidesvisibilityofapplicationand
subscriberbehaviour,allowingMNOstocreatemoretargetedoffersandachievemore
consistentnetworkperformance.AsMNOsseektomovefrombasic,allyoucaneatdata
plans,suchknowledgecanhelptocreatevaluablenewrevenuestreams.
GoSNetworksworkswithmobilenetworkoperatorstocalculatepotentialCAPEXandOPEX
savingsbasedondeferrednetworkcapacityupgrades.Usingdatathatisspecifictoan
individualnetwork,thebenefitsofdeployingaGoSsolutioninclient-edgedevicescanbe
calculated,andinmanycasesidentifythepotentialforsignificantcostsavings.ContactGoS
NetworksnowtofindouthowmuchGoScansaveyou.
References
Carroll,L.(1871).ThroughtheLookingGlass.
Cisco.(2010).VisualNetworkingIndex.
VisibleMeasures.(2010).UnderstandingViewerAbandonmentTrendsinShort-FormOnline
VideoContent.
Abbreviations
3GPPThirdGenerationPartnershipProject
ANAccessNode
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CAGRCompoundAnnualGrowthRate
DPIDeepPacketInspection
IMSIPMultimediaSubsystem
IPInternetProtocol
MNOMobileNetworkOperator
P2PPeertoPeer
QoEQualityofExperience
QoSQualityofService
TISPANTelecommunicationsandInternetconvergedServicesandProtocolsforAdvanced
Networking
VoIPVoiceoverIP
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Appendix1
Parameter Notation Notes
proportionoftrafficduetomobiledongle
users
!! Ciscoestimatethisat70%by2014
proportionoftrafficduetostreaming
video
!! Ciscoestimatethisat66%by2014
minimumbandwidthconsumedbya
streamingvideoclient
!!"# Typicallyabout440kbps
maximumbandwidthconsumedbya
streamingvideoclient
!!"# Upto7.2MbpsinHSPA
bandwidthconsumedbyastreaming
videoclientwhencontrolledbyGoS
!!"# E.g.660kbpsbps:!!"# > !!"# >
!!"#
averageproportionofavideoclipthatis
actuallywatched
!! Withanaveragecliplengthof150s,
basedonthefiguresfromVisible
Measures,thisis64%
Thenwecancalculate:
Theproportionoftotaltrafficthatisstreamingvideotomobilebroadbandusers:
!!" = !!!!(=about50%basedonCiscoestimates).
WhenweapplyGoStocontrolsuchstreamingvideothistrafficisreducedbyafraction!!"#
!!"#
.
Thusthepeaktrafficloadisreducedto:!!"# = !!"#$#%&' 1 !!"#
!!"#
!!".
Ciscopredictsmobiledatagrowthof108%CAGR:inmathematicaltermsthismeansthat
trafficTisanexponentialfunctionoftime, t:
! = !"!"
Ifwemeasuretinyears,thenCiscospredictionmakes! = ln 2.08 = 0.732.Byreducingtrafficbyafactor!!"
!!"#
!!"#$#%&'= 1 !!" 1
!!"#
!!"#
thenthetimeatwhichthetraffic
reachesaparticularthreshold!!"#
isdelayedfromtimettotimet:
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!!"#
= !!!"= !!"!!
!!! ,fromwhich!! = ! ln(!!") !.Usingthefiguresinthetext
givesadelayof9.5months.
Nowconsidertheamountofdatadownloaded.Thetimetodownloadacompleteclipofsize
SatbandwidthBis!! =!
!;andthemaximumacceptabletimeisthedurationoftheclip,
!! =!
!!"#
.Thetypicaltimeatwhichtheclipisabandonedis !! = !!!!.
If!! !!thenwedownloadthewholeclipbeforeabandoningit,whichwastesdata.If
!! > !!thenwegiveupbeforedownloadingthewholeclip,thussavingsomebandwidthon
average.Thisconditionisequivalentto!!
;inthiscasewesaveaproportion
!!"#
!!"#
!!ofthedatathatwouldotherwisehavebeendownloaded.
Ifweusethefigures: !!"# = 440!"#$, !!"# = 660!"#$,then!!"#
!!
= 1.55 > !!"#sowemeettheconditiontosavedata,andtheproportionsavedis
!!"#
!!"#
!! = 0.8i.e.a20%reductionintheamountof
videodataconsumed.