Managing Change Managing Change EffectivelyEffectively

What will you learnWhat will you learn

At the end of this session you will learn to:At the end of this session you will learn to:

Understand change dynamics betterUnderstand change dynamics better Cope better with change, with yourself and Cope better with change, with yourself and

othersothers Deal with the negativity caused by changeDeal with the negativity caused by change Use change for your advantageUse change for your advantage Find out how to feel in control when you are Find out how to feel in control when you are

clearly out of control.clearly out of control.

TopicsTopics

Getting StartedGetting Started Why is it so hard?Why is it so hard? How do you react to changHow do you react to chang

ee When “I Can’t” takes overWhen “I Can’t” takes over “We’ve always done it that “We’ve always done it that

way”way” The First StepThe First Step

Why is it important to Why is it important to manage changemanage change

What does change What does change management mean?management mean?

Moving out of the Moving out of the comfort zonecomfort zone

The Transition ProcessThe Transition Process

UnfreezingUnfreezing I think therefore I amI think therefore I am Garbage In Garbage OutGarbage In Garbage Out Irrational IdeasIrrational Ideas

ChangingChanging Changing the way you Changing the way you

thinkthink Challenging Irrational Challenging Irrational

IdeasIdeas Unfreezing – Changing – Unfreezing – Changing –

Refreezing – Making a Refreezing – Making a commitmentcommitment

Print and KeepPrint and Keep

Getting StartedGetting Started

Why is it so hard?Why is it so hard?

Why do we tend to view change as negative?Why do we tend to view change as negative?

Why is it so hard?Why is it so hard?

Changes Can Cause:Changes Can Cause: DoubtDoubt ConfusionConfusion UncertaintyUncertainty AnxietyAnxiety IsolationIsolation ResistanceResistance Lack of MotivationLack of Motivation Feelings of Being:Feelings of Being:

Out of controlOut of control OverwhelmedOverwhelmed UnableUnable Without choiceWithout choice

How do you react to changeHow do you react to change

Reactions can happen on 3 levelsReactions can happen on 3 levels

1.1. Thought – What you think about the new situation. Thought – What you think about the new situation. For e.g. Perceived control over the outcomesFor e.g. Perceived control over the outcomes

2.2. Behaviour – How you behave when faced with the Behaviour – How you behave when faced with the new situation. For e.g. Excited, Irritable, Crying, new situation. For e.g. Excited, Irritable, Crying, AngerAnger

3.3. Feelings – How you feel when faced with a new Feelings – How you feel when faced with a new situation. For e.g. Capable, Confident, Scared, situation. For e.g. Capable, Confident, Scared, WorriedWorried

Two types of reactionsTwo types of reactions

I CanI Can

I Can’tI Can’t

When “I Can’t” takes overWhen “I Can’t” takes over

FearFear FrustrationFrustration IrritabilityIrritability InconsistencyInconsistency RigidityRigidity ResistanceResistance CompulsivityCompulsivity

When “I Can’t” takes overWhen “I Can’t” takes over I can't do itI can't do it I can't deal with itI can't deal with it I can't get it all doneI can't get it all done I can't imagine itI can't imagine it I can't learn itI can't learn it I can't get itI can't get it I can't handle itI can't handle it It's not possibleIt's not possible It will never workIt will never work

We've always done it that wayWe've always done it that wayThe fish baking story

A little girl was watching her mother prepare a fish for dinner. Her mother cut the head and tail off the fish and then placed it into a baking pan. The little girl asked her mother why she cut the head and tail off the fish. Her mother thought for a while and then said, "I've always done it that way - that's how babicka (Czech for grandma) did it."

Not satisfied with the answer, the little girl went to visit her grandma to find out why she cut the head and tail off the fish before baking it. Grandma thought for a while and replied, "I don't know. My mother always did it that way."

So the little girl and the grandma went to visit great grandma to find ask if she knew the answer.

Great grandma thought for a while and said, “Because my baking pan was too small to fit in the whole fish”. (Ack M Hamanova)

Ringing in the newRinging in the new

The world is changing rapidlyThe world is changing rapidly Ideas or methods that have worked in the past need not Ideas or methods that have worked in the past need not

necessarily work any morenecessarily work any more Methods may need frequent reviewing to ensure that Methods may need frequent reviewing to ensure that

they are still validthey are still valid It is important to understand why something is being It is important to understand why something is being

done rather than blindly following an established patterndone rather than blindly following an established pattern

The First StepThe First Step

Why is it important to learn to Why is it important to learn to manage change?manage change?

Throughout history, people who became attached to how things Throughout history, people who became attached to how things were, had difficulty imagining how life could be . . .were, had difficulty imagining how life could be . . .

"While theoretically and technically television may be feasible, commercially and financially I consider it an impossibility"Lee DeForest - American Inventory (1873-1961)

Rail travel at high speeds is not possible because passengers, unable to breathe, would die of asphyxia."Dionysius Lardner - English Scientist (1793-1859)

"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."Thomas Watson, Chairman of IBM in 1943

Why is it important to learn to Why is it important to learn to manage change? (contd…)manage change? (contd…)

Change is inevitableChange is inevitable

Look around you, is everything around you just the way it Look around you, is everything around you just the way it was a few years ago?was a few years ago?

Sometimes changes are small and at other times they have Sometimes changes are small and at other times they have larger implications. In either case if we don’t move, we larger implications. In either case if we don’t move, we get left behind.get left behind.

RememberRemember

““A tortoise on the move A tortoise on the move can overtake even the can overtake even the fastest hare if that fastest hare if that hare stands still”hare stands still”

What does change management meanWhat does change management meanThe making of changes in a planned, managed and systematic The making of changes in a planned, managed and systematic

fashion.fashion.

A very useful framework for thinking about the change process is problem solving. Managing change is seen as a matter of moving from one state to another, specifically, from the problem state to the solved state.

Diagnosis or problem analysis is generally acknowledged as essential.

Goals are set and achieved at various levels and in various areas or functions.

Ends and means are discussed and related to one another.

Careful planning is accompanied by efforts to obtain buy-in, support and commitment. The net effect is a transition from one state to another in a planned, orderly fashion. This is the planned change model

Moving out of the comfort zoneMoving out of the comfort zone

Moving out of what we Moving out of what we are comfortable doing are comfortable doing or where we are or where we are comfortable staying comfortable staying can be frighteningcan be frightening

Moving out of the comfort zoneMoving out of the comfort zone

Comfort zones are directly related to our dreams or goals. Comfort zones are directly related to our dreams or goals.

In order to grow and change, we must first be discontent In order to grow and change, we must first be discontent with our current comfort zone. with our current comfort zone.

To change to different life style, establishing a business, To change to different life style, establishing a business, or succeeding at a challenging project, we must realize or succeeding at a challenging project, we must realize that all meaningful and lasting changes occur first in that all meaningful and lasting changes occur first in daydreaming (fantasizing) and then they work their way daydreaming (fantasizing) and then they work their way into reality. into reality.

If we clearly and vividly imagine ourselves being and If we clearly and vividly imagine ourselves being and having the things we truly want, we will create a new having the things we truly want, we will create a new picture of ourselves. picture of ourselves.

The old comfort zone, in time, will be unacceptable and The old comfort zone, in time, will be unacceptable and we will find ways to acquire the new.we will find ways to acquire the new.

Change V/S TransitionChange V/S Transition

Change V/S TransitionChange V/S Transition

Change is situationalChange is situational

e.g. New boss, new roles, new policy etce.g. New boss, new roles, new policy etc

Transition is the psychological process people go through to Transition is the psychological process people go through to come to terms with new situationscome to terms with new situations

Change is External, Transition is InternalChange is External, Transition is Internal

The Transition ProcessThe Transition Process

The Transition ProcessThe Transition Process

UnfreezingUnfreezing

ChangingChanging

RefreezingRefreezing

UnfreezingUnfreezing

I think therefore I amI think therefore I am

Our thoughts influence our feelings. Our thoughts influence our feelings.

If you think people won't like you, you If you think people won't like you, you feel disappointed and withdraw feel disappointed and withdraw socially. socially.

If you think nothing will work out well for If you think nothing will work out well for you, you feel sad or passive and you, you feel sad or passive and won't try. won't try.

If you think you must have help to do If you think you must have help to do something, you may feel inadequate something, you may feel inadequate and be dependent. and be dependent.

If you think you are stupid and If you think you are stupid and incompetent, you may feel worthless incompetent, you may feel worthless and be indecisive and self-critical. and be indecisive and self-critical.

No doubt there are connections between No doubt there are connections between thoughts and feelings and/or actions. thoughts and feelings and/or actions.

- Rene Descartes- Rene Descartes

Garbage In Garbage OutGarbage In Garbage Out

GGarbage arbage IIn n GGarbage arbage OOut - GIGOut - GIGO

Garbage In, Garbage OutGarbage In, Garbage Out (abbreviated to (abbreviated to GIGOGIGO) is an ) is an aphorism in the field of computer science. It refers to the fact aphorism in the field of computer science. It refers to the fact that computers, unlike humans, will unquestioningly process that computers, unlike humans, will unquestioningly process the most nonsensical of input data and produce nonsensical the most nonsensical of input data and produce nonsensical output. output.

GIGO is usually said in response to users who complain that a program did GIGO is usually said in response to users who complain that a program did not "do the right thing" when given imperfect input. The first example of not "do the right thing" when given imperfect input. The first example of this was probably cited by Charles Babbage, inventor of the first this was probably cited by Charles Babbage, inventor of the first programmable device who said "On two occasions I have been asked, programmable device who said "On two occasions I have been asked, 'Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the 'Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?'right answers come out?'

GIGOGIGO

It is also commonly used to describe failures in human decision It is also commonly used to describe failures in human decision making due to faulty, incomplete, or imprecise data. making due to faulty, incomplete, or imprecise data.

I can't do itI can't deal with itI can't get it all doneI can't imagine itI can't learn itI can't get itI can't handle itIt's not possibleIt will never work

You will not do itYou will not deal with itYou will not get it all doneYou won’t imagine itYou will not learn itYou won’t get itYou won’t handle itIt's not possibleIt will never work

What kind of ideas are irrational and What kind of ideas are irrational and make us upset make us upset

There are hundreds of such ideas which transform, for There are hundreds of such ideas which transform, for some people, life's ordinary disappointments into terrible, some people, life's ordinary disappointments into terrible, awful catastrophes. awful catastrophes.

We talk ourselves into emotional traumas; yet, the upset We talk ourselves into emotional traumas; yet, the upset person thinks the external events, not his/her thoughts, person thinks the external events, not his/her thoughts, are upsetting him/her. are upsetting him/her.

This mental process "awfulizing" or "catastrophizing."This mental process "awfulizing" or "catastrophizing."

Until recently it was thought that only 10 or 12 Until recently it was thought that only 10 or 12 common irrational ideas caused most of human common irrational ideas caused most of human misery (Ellis & Harper, 1975). Now, it is thought misery (Ellis & Harper, 1975). Now, it is thought that there are thousands of misery-causing false that there are thousands of misery-causing false ideas (Ellis, 1987), a few of them are very ideas (Ellis, 1987), a few of them are very obviously irrational but many are subtle and obviously irrational but many are subtle and more convincing (but still wrong). As these ideas more convincing (but still wrong). As these ideas are described, think about your own thoughts, are described, think about your own thoughts, attitudes, and self-talk. To what extent do you attitudes, and self-talk. To what extent do you think this way? think this way?

Some examples of Irrational Some examples of Irrational IdeasIdeas

I should always be able, successful, I should always be able, successful, and "on top of things" (if I'm not, I'm an and "on top of things" (if I'm not, I'm an inadequate, incompetent, hopeless inadequate, incompetent, hopeless failure). failure).

When things do not go the way I When things do not go the way I wanted and planned, it is terrible and I wanted and planned, it is terrible and I am, of course, going to get very am, of course, going to get very disturbed. I can't stand it! disturbed. I can't stand it!

Things have been this way so long, I Things have been this way so long, I can't do anything about these can't do anything about these problems now. problems now.

External events, such as other people, External events, such as other people, a chaotic work environment, or bad a chaotic work environment, or bad luck, cause most of my unhappiness. luck, cause most of my unhappiness. Furthermore, I don't have any control Furthermore, I don't have any control over these external factors, so I can't over these external factors, so I can't do anything about my miserydo anything about my misery

ChangingChanging

Changing the way you thinkChanging the way you think As a man thinketh, so is he.As a man thinketh, so is he.

-The Bible-The Bible

Men are not worried by things, but by Men are not worried by things, but by their ideas about things. When we their ideas about things. When we meet difficulties, become anxious or meet difficulties, become anxious or troubled, let us not blame others, but troubled, let us not blame others, but rather ourselves, that is: our idea rather ourselves, that is: our idea about things.about things.-Epictetus-Epictetus, about 60 AD , about 60 AD

It is very obvious that we are not It is very obvious that we are not influenced by "facts" but by our influenced by "facts" but by our interpretation of the facts.interpretation of the facts.-Alfred Adler -Alfred Adler

Changing the way you thinkChanging the way you think

We emotionally respond at any moment depends on our We emotionally respond at any moment depends on our interpretations--our views, our beliefs, our thoughts--of the situation. interpretations--our views, our beliefs, our thoughts--of the situation. In other words, the things we think and say to ourselves, not what In other words, the things we think and say to ourselves, not what actually happens to us, cause our positive or negative emotions. actually happens to us, cause our positive or negative emotions.

Thus, as Albert Ellis (1987) would say, "Humans largely disturb Thus, as Albert Ellis (1987) would say, "Humans largely disturb themselves... your own unreasonable, irrational ideas make you themselves... your own unreasonable, irrational ideas make you severely anxious, depressed, self-hating, enraged, and self-pitying severely anxious, depressed, self-hating, enraged, and self-pitying about virtually anything--yes, virtually anything." This is a very old about virtually anything--yes, virtually anything." This is a very old idea. idea.

Challenging Irrational IdeasChallenging Irrational Ideas

This involves persuasion, This involves persuasion, arguments, logic, and arguments, logic, and education--essentially education--essentially insisting that you be insisting that you be rational and scientific. rational and scientific.

ChangingChanging

Accept reality: Say to yourself, "It would have been better if ________ hadn't happened, Accept reality: Say to yourself, "It would have been better if ________ hadn't happened, but it's not awful, it was lawful." Or, "That's the way it is. I'll make the best of it." but it's not awful, it was lawful." Or, "That's the way it is. I'll make the best of it."

Learn from past failures how to improve the future: "It didn't happen even though I wanted Learn from past failures how to improve the future: "It didn't happen even though I wanted it to. So, now I'll get down to work and plan how to make things work out better next time. it to. So, now I'll get down to work and plan how to make things work out better next time.

Accept responsibility for your feelings: "No one can make me feel any way. But, Accept responsibility for your feelings: "No one can make me feel any way. But, II can can change how I feel. Okay, I can't be perfect, I'll just do my best and stop beating myself." "I" change how I feel. Okay, I can't be perfect, I'll just do my best and stop beating myself." "I" statements remind us that we alone are responsible for our feelings statements remind us that we alone are responsible for our feelings

Realize that worry is useless: "All this fretting isn't doing any good. I'll make a plan--and Realize that worry is useless: "All this fretting isn't doing any good. I'll make a plan--and see if that works." "I've worried about this matter long enough; worry isn't doing any good. see if that works." "I've worried about this matter long enough; worry isn't doing any good.

Tell yourself that it is better to face facts than live a lie: "I'm not going to handle this Tell yourself that it is better to face facts than live a lie: "I'm not going to handle this situation well unless I am realistic. I need to see my faults. I need to consider long-range situation well unless I am realistic. I need to see my faults. I need to consider long-range goals as well as having fun today." Remember Laing's suggestion to check out your goals as well as having fun today." Remember Laing's suggestion to check out your hunches about what others are feeling and thinkinghunches about what others are feeling and thinking

Instead of insisting that things must or should be different, instead of demanding perfection, instead of feeling helpless, instead of denying reality, there are better attitudes you can adopt

Recognize the difference between Recognize the difference between a fact and an inference: a fact and an inference:

When you draw conclusions (especially ones When you draw conclusions (especially ones that upset you), ask "What are the facts for that upset you), ask "What are the facts for

and against this conclusion?"and against this conclusion?"

Challenge your illogical thinking: Challenge your illogical thinking: Question false conclusionsQuestion false conclusions Question your overgeneralizationsQuestion your overgeneralizations

Counter self-put-down messages Counter self-put-down messages which hold you back:which hold you back:

All of us have in-built abilities to deal with various situations in our life. As we grow we learn to adapt with the inevitable changes that we face.

Sometimes changes can be so overwhelming that we do see or evaluate the qualities that we have that can actually guide and empower through any new situations

It’s actually all there, we just need to look.

If you think you can… You If you think you can… You will!!will!!

If You ThinkIf You Think

If you think you are beaten you are;If you think you are beaten you are;If you think you dare not, you don't;If you think you dare not, you don't;If you want to win but think you can't;If you want to win but think you can't;It's almost a cinch you won't.It's almost a cinch you won't.If you think you'll lose you're lost;If you think you'll lose you're lost;For out of the world we findFor out of the world we findSuccess begins with a fellow's will;Success begins with a fellow's will;It's all in a state of mind.It's all in a state of mind.Life's battles don't always goLife's battles don't always goTo the stronger and faster man,To the stronger and faster man,But sooner or later the man who winsBut sooner or later the man who winsIs the man who thinks he can.Is the man who thinks he can.

Unfreezing – Changing - Unfreezing – Changing - RefreezingRefreezing

Unfreezing – Changing – Refreezing Unfreezing – Changing – Refreezing – Making a commitment– Making a commitment

Activity 5 Activity 5

Answer these 3 questions:Answer these 3 questions:• What are you going to try and achieve (Unfreezing)What are you going to try and achieve (Unfreezing)

• How will you know when you have achieved it? How will you know when you have achieved it? (Refreezing)(Refreezing)

• What will you do to make that happen? (Changing)What will you do to make that happen? (Changing)

The first task of Transition Management is to convince yourself to leave home

The first task of Change Management is to understand the destination and then how to get there

And Finally…And Finally…Don’t forget… Don’t forget… Its all about perspectiveIts all about perspective