Major Potato Varieties and Major Potato Varieties and their Production Technologiestheir Production Technologies

Dr. Kamal Humayun Kabir Director, TCRC, BARI

Potato is the third major crop after rice and wheat in Bangladesh.

Total area is 0.472 million ha and total production is 8.5 million tons (approx) in 2009-10

The average yield is 18.00 tons/ha

The per capita availability of potato is 56.0 kg per annum

Bangladesh is 14th among the world potato producers and 3rd largest in Asia.

PRESENT STATUS OF POTATOPRESENT STATUS OF POTATO

Potato Area in Bangladesh

0.248 0.237

0.3180.367

0.4030.373 0.377

0.52

0.464 0.472

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

Cropping year

Are

a (M

ha)

Potato Production in Bangladesh

3.21 2.99

4.35

5.315.95

5.38 5.4

9.2

6.746

8.5

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Cropping Year

Pro

duct

ion

(M to

n)

Yield of Potato

12.94 12.6213.68 14.47 14.76 14.42 14.32 15 14.53

18

02468

101214161820

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Cropping year

Yie

ld (t

/ha)

Major cultivated varieties are Diamant, Cardinal, Granola, Asterix, Patrones etc.

Patrones and Multa are early variety.

Granola and Provento are export variety.

Asterix, Espirit and Lady Rosseta are processing variety.

Meridian, Sagitta and Quincy are new variety.

Diamant (BARI Alu- 7)Most popular varietyTuber: White, oval, medium to large, smooth skin, light

yellow fleshYield: 25-35 t/haDuration of maturity: 90-95 daysRelease year: 1993

Cardinal (BARI Alu- 8)

Tuber: Red, oval, skin smooth.

Yield: 25-30 t/ha

Duration of maturity: 90-95 days

Release year : 1993

Granola (BARI Alu- 13)Tuber: Whitish, oval to round, medium, light yellow flesh, skin

smooth Yield: 25-30 t/haDuration of maturity: 90-95 days Suitable for export Release year : 1994

Asterix (BARI Alu- 25)Tuber: Red, oval to oblong, medium to large size, smooth

skin , pale yellow flesh Yield: 25-30 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Suitable for processing Release year : 2005

Espirit (BARI Alu- 27)

Tuber: Medium to large, white, round to oval shape Yield: 20-30 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Suitable for processing purposeRelease year : 2008

Lady Rossetta (BARI Alu- 28) Tuber: Large size, oval shaped, white tubers. Yield: 25-30 t/haDuration of maturity: 90-95 days Suitable for processing purposeRelease year : 2008

Courage (BARI Alu- 29)

Tuber: Medium size, round shape, red tubers.

Yield: 25-30 t/ha

Duration of maturity: 90-95 days

Release year : 2008

Recently released variety

Meridian (BARI Alu- 30)

Tuber: White medium size tuber with oval shape. Yield: 25-30 t/ha, Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Release year : 2009

Sagitta (BARI Alu- 31)

Tuber: White medium to large size tuber with oval shape,

Yield: 25-35 t/ha

Duration of maturity: 90-95 days

Release year : 2010

Quincy (BARI Alu- 32)

Tuber: Oval to long oval tuber shapeYield: 25-35 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Release year : 2010

Production technology Production technology of Potatoof Potato

Deep well drained sandy loamy soil is the best soil for potato cultivation.

Soil should be free from stones and clods for avoiding deformation of tubers.

Prepare the land to a good tilth by 3-4 ploughing and leveling.

Soil should be free from weed.

Land should be plained.

Land Type and PreparationLand Type and Preparation

Seed should be taken out from the cold store 10-15 days before planting and kept in pre-cooling chamber for 24 hours.

Spread in cool and shady places for sprout.

Pre-sprouting of Seed TubersPre-sprouting of Seed Tubers

Seed Source: BADC and BARI

Seed rate: 1.5-2.0 ton/ha

Seed Preparation

Whole tuber should be planted for seed potato.

Large tuber can be cut into pieces. Each cut tuber should contain at least two eyes.

To avoid transmitting viral and bacterial diseases clean knife should be used.

Fig. Ideal Cut tuber

Wrong cut tuber

Planting

Potato can be planted in the Whole month of November. Appropriate time is 15-20 November.

Planting distance

Whole tuber Cut tuberLine to line = 60 cm Line to line = 60 cmPlant to plant = 25 cm Plant to plant = 10-15 cm

Methods of sowing Methods of sowing

Ridge and furrow methodRidge and furrow method

Prepared ridge. Prepared ridge.

The length of the ridges depends on slope of the plot. The length of the ridges depends on slope of the plot.

Too long ridges and furrows are not suitable for Too long ridges and furrows are not suitable for irrigation irrigation

The potato tubers should be planted on ridges and The potato tubers should be planted on ridges and irrigation should be provided in furrows.irrigation should be provided in furrows.

Placement of tubers in furrow Placement of tubers in furrow

25cm25cm

60cm60cm

Covering seed potatoes with soilCovering seed potatoes with soil

Fertilizer application in furrowsFertilizer application in furrows

Making ridgesMaking ridges

Manures and fertilizersManures and fertilizers

Manures and fertilizers

Amount

Per decimal Per hectare

Farmyard manure 40 kg 10 ton

Urea 1.5 kg 325 kg

TSP 900 gm 220 kg

MP 1 kg 250 kg

Boric Acid 25 gm 6 kg

Zinc Sulphate 50 gm 14 kg

Gypsum 500 gm 120 kg

Manures and fertilizersManures and fertilizers

Before planting, farmyard manure is incorporated in soil.

Half of N, full P an K are to be applied as basal dose before

planting tubers. Remaining N is applied at the time of earthing up after 30-Remaining N is applied at the time of earthing up after 30-

35 DAP.35 DAP.

Intercultural operation Intercultural operation

IrrigationThe sufficient soil moisture is needed for satisfactory sprouting. Irrigation should be provided as and when necessary (Max- 3-4)

Earthing upEarthing up should be done when the plants are 15 to 22 cm in height. Generally, earthing up is done at the time of top dressing of nitrogenous fertilizers.If necessary, a second earthing up may be done after two weeks of the first one.

Earthing upEarthing up

Roughing

Off type plants should be removed as soon as they are observed.

In addition to off type plants, remove plants affected by blight, leaf roll and mosaic diseases from the seed field.

Haulm Pulling

For the seed potato production, the haulms should be pulled about 10 days before harvesting so that the tuber skin matures and prevents the tubers from getting injured at harvesting and grading.

Halums may be pulled manually as close to the ground as possible.

Ideal haulm pullingIdeal haulm pulling

Wrong haulm pullingWrong haulm pulling

Harvesting can be done either manually or mechanically.

Within 65-70 DAP for early consumption/sale.

Within 85-90 DAP for seed purposes.

Within 85-95 DAP for long time storage.

Harvesting

Yield

25-35 ton/ha

After harvesting, tubers should be kept in heaps in a cool place for 10-15 days for drying and curing of skin.

Cut, damaged and rotten tubers should be discarded and good tubers be graded into three sizes such as small (< 28 cm dia), Medium (28-55 cm dia) and large (> 55 cm dia).

Potatoes for seed purpose should be sprayed with 3 % boric acid (1 L water + 30 gm boric acid) covering whole tuber. There should be no excess spray water under the heap.

Curing and StorageCuring and Storage

Drying in ambient temperature for as long as need (6-12 hrs) for preventing seed borne diseases like black scurf, common scab etc. before storing in bags.

Treated tuber should be dried in shade. Seed Potatoes are packed in gunny bags of 50-80 kg.

Storing in cold storage at 2-40 C

Curing and StorageCuring and Storage

Seed Treatment with Boric AcidSeed Treatment with Boric Acid

Major Insects PestsMajor Insects Pests

Insects Control Measures

Cut worm Spray Chlorpyrifos (Dursban 20 EC) @ 2ml/L of water

Aphids Spray Malathion (Maladan 57 EC) @ 2 ml/L water.

Potato tuber moth Spray Carbosulfun (Marshal 20 EC) @ 2 ml/L water.

Cut wormCut worm Cut worm pupaCut worm pupa

Cut worm mothCut worm moth Cut worm infested tuberCut worm infested tuber

Aphids infested leaf of potato

Potato tuber moth Potato tuber moth

Potato tuber moth infested tuberPotato tuber moth infested tuber

Diseases Control Measures

Late blight of potato

Spray with Mancozeb (Diathane M-45) @ 2g/L of water or Mancozeb+Metalaxyl (Ridomeal gold 72 WP) @ 1g/L of water

Common Scab Treat the seed with 3% boric acid before storing.

Bacterial wilt Uprooting of infected plants and stop irrigation. Apply staple bleaching @ 20-25 kg/ha

Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV)

Uprooting of infected plants. Spray Malathion (Maladan 57 EC) @ 2 ml/L water to control aphids.

PVY and PVX Uprooting of infected plantsSpray Malathion (Maladan 57 EC) @ 2 ml/L water.

Major DiseasesMajor Diseases

Late Blight infected potato fieldLate Blight infected potato field

Different stages of Late Blight infection at field level

Late Blight Symptoms

Common scab infected tuberCommon scab infected tuber

PLRV infected plantPLRV infected plant

PVY infected plantPVY infected plant

Plant disease free seed tubers within 15 NovemberPlant whole tuberSoil should have sufficient moisture up to 30-35 DAPPlacement of barrier crops to prevent virus dissemination.Roughing regularlyApply insecticide and fungicide as and when necessaryHaulm pulling after 75-80 DAPHarvest at 85-90 DAPTreat with 3 % boric acid before storagePreserve seed potato in cold storage

Procedures of Quality Seed Potato Production using seed plot technique

Thank YouThank You