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ENVIRONMENTAL

POLLUTION

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Pollution

Pollution is the introduction ofcontaminants into a natural

environment that causes instability,

disorder, harm or discomfort tothe ecosystem i.e. physical systemsor living organisms.

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Types ofpollution

Air Pollution

Water PollutionThermal Pollution

Soil PollutionRadioactive Pollution

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Air pollution

Imbalance in the quality of air so asto cause adverse affects on the

living organisms existing on earth.

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Causes ofair pollution1.Natural sources

Volcanic eruptions

Forest fires

Pollen grains of flowers2.Man-made sources

Increase in pollution

Deforestation

Burning of fossil fuels and fires

Emission from vehicles

Rapid industrialization

Wars

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Control Measures

Removal of pollutants

Reduce sulphur content before burning

Use of energy sources other than fossil fuels

Legal measures from authorities

Increased planting of vegetation

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WaterPollution

Contamination of water by addition of

undesirable organic, inorganic or biological

substances to water sources Natural sources: soil erosion, leaching of

minerals from of rocks and decay matter.

Industrial effluents

Destroys ecosystem and effects human health

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Sources ofwater pollution

Community waste waters

Industrial wastes

Agricultural sources

Under ground water pollution

Marine pollution

Thermal pollution

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Controlofwater pollution

Treatment of garbage and sewage.

Chemical treatment.

Reduction of temperature of waste water. Minimize the use of non - degradable

pesticides.

Proper enactment of laws by government.

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Soil pollution

Undesirable change in the physical,

chemical or biological propertywhich adversely affects its

productivity

Caused by dumping of wastes,

agrochemicals and as indirect result

of air pollution

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Sources

ofSoil

Pollution

Domestic wastes

Agricultural wastes

Industrial wastes

Excretory products

Salination

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Controlofsoil pollution

Proper disposal of industrial and

agricultural wastes

Recycling and recovery of materials

Minimize the manufacture and use of

chemical fertilizers Reduce the use of pesticides

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Radioactive pollution

Physical pollution that affects air, water and

soil. Caused by ionizing radiations of harmful

nature emitted from disintegrating atomicnuclei.

The natural sources include cosmic rays that

reaches the earth surface and radiations fromradium 224, uranium 235 thorium 232 etc

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Man made sources

Nuclear weapons

Reactors and Nuclear fuel

Waste waters containing these wastes

X-rays used in medical practices

Ultra violet rays present in solar radiations

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Effects

Mutation

Cancer Radioactive substances in food chain cause

retarded growth and bone cancer.

Increases infant mortality rate

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Control measures

Prevention of leakage of radioactive elements

from nuclear reactors. Proper storage and disposal of nuclear wastes

Regular monitoring

Increasing the use of non harmful energysources

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Noise pollution Unwanted high pitch sound that pollutes the

environment.

Maximum tolerable intensity of sound is 85

decibels

The main sources are automobiles, aero

planes, loudspeakers, industries and other

electro-mechanical devices.

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Effects ofnoise pollution

Damage to ear drum and impairment to

hearing.

Damages heart, liver and brain

Emotional disturbances and behavioral

changes

Leads to anxiety and stress

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Control measures

Design machines with minimum sound

Proper lubrication maintenance of machinesand installation of silencers.

Use of sound absorbing materials

Use of noise protective devices

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ThermalPollution

The term thermal pollution has beenused to indicate the detrimental

effects of heated effluents

discharged by various power plants.

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Causes of thermal pollution

Nuclear power plants

Coal fired power plantsIndustrial effluents

Domestic sewage

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Control Measures

Cooling towers

Cooling ponds

Artificial lakes

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