Main national and innovation activities in nuclear - Finland

Eija Karita Puska VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd OECD/NEA 7-8.7.2015

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Current programs

SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY

Olkiluoto NPP (TVO) • 2 operating units - ABB BWRs • OL3 (EPR) under construction • DiP approved for OL4 – TVO did not apply CL by end of June 2015 • Interim Spent Fuel Storage at site •L/ILLW repository • Posiva “Onkalo”

Loviisa NPP (Fortum) • 2 operating units – VVERs • Interim Spent Fuel Storage at site • L/ILLW repository

Fennovoima Ltd • New utility, no operating reactors • DiP approved for FH1, Hanhikivi Site

Nuclear power plants in Finland

Photo: TVO

Photo: Fortum

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Competence build-up – SAFIR2018 SAFIR2018 - The Finnish Nuclear Power Plant Safety Research Programme 2015-2018 • Long tradition, national research programmes on nuclear power plant safety started

already in 1990 • Involves all Finnish stakeholders in the area • Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) in a central role • VTT as the largest research Partner and Coordinator • In 2015 volume 8.2 M€ and 55 person years SAFIR2018 Research areas 1. Plant safety and systems engineering 2. Reactor safety 3. Structural safety and materials

http://safir2018.vtt.fi/

SAFIR2018 Research Areas

Plant safety and systems engineering • Wide interdisciplinary research area

covering the interfaces between operations and technologies

• Operation of the plant as a whole • Design principles, defence-in-depth • Operating processes, information model

and documentation of safety justification • Human and organisational performance,

I&C, PRA applications etc.

Reactor safety • Goal to ensure the experimental

facilities, computational methods, and skilled experts

• The methods should enable independent assessment of the supplier’s and licensee’s proposals

• Thermal hydraulics, reactor dynamics, severe accidents , PRA, electric systems etc.

Structural safety and materials • Safe long term use of the plants • Research on the management of the

ageing of materials and structures • New materials, manufacturing, and

structural engineering • Life cycle management and extension • Probabilistic and deterministic design

(RI-ISI)

SAFIR2018 in brief - 2015

28 projects in 2015 (ca 8,2 M€ and 55 person years):

• SG1 Plant safety and systems engineering • SG2 Reactor safety • SG3 Structural safety and materials. • INFRA Research infrastructure

The research work in the projects is guided by six reference groups:

• RG1 Automation, organisation and human factors (SG1; 3 projects) • RG2 Severe accidents and risk analysis (SG1, SG2, SG3; 7 projects) • RG3 Reactor and fuel (SG2; 5 projects) • RG4 Thermal hydraulics (SG2; 5 projects) • RG5 Structural integrity (SG3; 5 projects) • RG6 Research infrastructure (SG3; 3 projects)

24%

34% 24%

17%

Total funding in 2015

SG1

SG2

SG3

INFRA

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Competence build up - KYT2018 Finnish Research Programme on Nuclear Waste Management Long tradition; the duration of KYT2018 is 2015 – 2018 Annual budget 1.8 M€

Main topics

Technologies in nuclear waste management Long-term safety of nuclear waste management Nuclear waste management and society

For more information, see http://kyt2018.vtt.fi/

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KYT2018 Research topics

Technologies in Nuclear Waste Management

Long-term safety of nuclear waste management

Nuclear waste management and society

• Spent nuclear fuel • Power plant waste • Decommissioning

waste

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Past trends

Past trends

• Modernisation and power upgrade projects in all operating NPPs – Loviisa 1&2 VVER-440 upgraded to 2x510 MWe – Olkiluoto 1&2 BWR upgraded to 2x880 Mwe – Systematic plant life management programmes

• Systematic approach in High Level nuclear Waste management

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Total funding for nuclear reserch and research areas

Power companies

72%

VYR 6%

VTT 7%

Tekes 3%

EU 3% Others

8%

Funding Sources in 2010, Total 73,5 M€

Nuclear Waste

Management

68%

Reactor Safety 20%

Fusion 7%

Other 5%

Research Areas in 2010, Total 73,5 M€

Finnish Nuclear Power Plant Safety Research

The nuclear facility operator shall be obliged to participate in financing research aimed at ensuring that, should such new factors concerning safe operation of nuclear facilities emerge that could not be foreseen, the authorities have such sufficient and comprehensive nuclear engineering expertise and other facilities at their disposal that can be used, when necessary, to analyse without delay the significance of such factors. (Nuclear Energy Act Chapter 7a, Section 53a)

Funding: utilities, KTM, VTT, STUK, other Funding: VYR, VTT, other

SAFIR2018

2015-2018

• According to the Nuclear Energy Act the authorities shall have sufficient expertise and other facilities at their disposal, which has been ensured by national research programmes since 1990.

• The nuclear facility operators are obliged to participate in financing and they fulfil the obligation by paying an annual fee into the Finnish State Nuclear Waste Management Fund (VYR).

• VYR finances research projects each year by the funds that are available.

• Finnish Research Programme on Nuclear Waste Management KYT2018 is also going on.

• The research projects shall be of a high scientific standard and their results shall be published.

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SAFIR2014: The Finnish Research Programme on Nuclear Power Plant Safety 2011-2014

Development of the funding of SAFIR-programmes Remarkable increase in VYR funding 2010 ⇒ 2011 due to the Government decisions in principle, confirmed by the Parliament on 1.7.2010.

VYR 56 %

Fortum 2 %

TVO 1 %

NKS 2 %

Aalto 2 %

VTT 27 %

Other 10 %

Infra 16 %

Human 4 %

Automation 9 %

Fuel & reactor

11 %

Thermal 14 %

Severe 10 %

Structural safety 17 %

Construction

12 % PRA 7 %

Funding structure • National Nuclear Waste

Management Fund (VYR) 5.4 M€

• Research institutions < 67 % VYR funding for projects => VTT 2.8 M€

• Other sources 1.7 M€

SAFIR2014 in 2014: ca 10 M€ and 70 person years in 45 research projects

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Past trends 1990-2014 in Finnish national research in reactor safety

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Priorities for the future

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The present situation and close future in Finland

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Estimated timing of licensing processes of nuclear installations in Finland

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National strategy work

Nuclear Energy Research Strategy, MEE 2014 Research Strategy up to 2030 based on four scenarios

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National strategy work- Recommendations

Transforming focus areas of nuclear energy research into programmes International excellence and visibility International co-operation in research National doctoral programme network Development and efficient utilisation of Finnish infrastructure From research into business Continuous control of steering strategy and activities

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National strategy work –recommendations realised

Continuation of research programmes in reactor safety (SAFIR2018) and waste management (KYT2018) VTT Centre for Nuclear Safety Continued participation in Jules Horowitz Research Reactor

Project

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VTT Centre for Nuclear Safety project

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Centre for Nuclear Safety – office wing 3,300 m2 office wing includes a ground-level conference

centre, and three floors of modern, flexible office space for 150 people. Office wing is intended to serve nuclear sector employees in:

o computerized fluid dynamics oprocess modelling o fusion plasma computations o severe accidents o core computations owaste management o safety assessments o staff working in the laboratory wing.

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Centre for Nuclear Safety – laboratory wing 2,360 m2 laboratory wing includes a basement level and two

floors of laboratory space. Basement is primarily intended for storage and handling of

radioactive materials and waste. Laboratory space is arranged around the main high-bay,

which houses the hot-cells proper, and includes: omechanical and microstructural characterisation of materials oradiochemistry oHR-ICP-MS o iodine filter testing onuclear waste odosimetry ofailure analysis

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A-laboratory and hot-cell facilities The main driving force and single expense of the new facilities is the A-

laboratory and its hot-cells. The facilities will enable a wide variety of research and testing capabilities,

and provide the supporting handling, storage and maintenance infrastructure. Many of the preparation, test and characterization activities will take place

inside the shielded cells.

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Energy vision work by VTT Low Carbon Finland 2050

4 scenarios- pathways to an 80 % emission reduction by 2050

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Thank You for Your Attention !