Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

convergence with Agriculture Programmes

Dr Nilay RanjanRural Development and Convergence

ExpertUNDP-MORD, Technical Cell

Presentation Overview

Indian Agriculture-salient features Mahatma Gandhi National Rural

Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) Overview

MGNREGA & convergence Initiatives taken by the states government

Indian Agriculture: Salient Features

18% share of Agriculture in GDP 60% population dependent on Agriculture 121 million farm holdings (2001) Average size of operational holding: 1.3 ha. 82% of operational holdings small &

marginal (less than 2 hectares)

60% of cultivated area is rainfed 18% landless agriculture labour

Agricultural Growth

4.5

9.09.69.47.85.56.76.05.74.9

2.5

5.9

3.82.1

4.73.15.73.60

5

10

15

VthPlan

VIthPlan

VIIthPlan

VIIIthPlan

IXthPlan

XthPlan

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

Total GDP Agriculture GDP

(Per cent)

Despite rising output, per capita availability of food grains has actually declined in the last ten years - from 500 gm a day in 1997 to about 400 gm a day currently.

Agriculture Growth: More Adversely Affected in Rainfed Areas

State 

Growth rate in NSDP

AgricultureRainfed

%State

 

Growth rate in NSDP

AgricultureRainfed

% 1984/5

to 1995/6

1995/6

to 2004/5

1984/5 to

1995/6

1995/6 to

2004/5

Punjab 4.00 2.16 3 Gujarat 5.09 0.48 64

Haryana 4.60 1.98 17 Rajasthan 5.52 0.30 70

Uttar Pradesh 2.82 1.87 32 Orissa-

1.18 0.11 73

Tamil Nadu 4.95 -1.36 49Madhya Pradesh 3.63 -0.23 74

West Bengal 4.63 2.67 49 Karnataka 3.92 0.03 75

Bihar -1.71 3.51 52Maharashtra 6.66 0.10 83

Andhra Pradesh 3.18 2.69 59 Kerala 3.60 -3.54 85

All India 3.62 1.85 60 Assam 1.65 0.95 86

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act & Objectives

1. Providing wage employment opportunities

2. Creating sustainable rural livelihoods through rejuvenation of natural resource base i.e. augmenting productivity and supporting creation of durable assets

3. Strengthening rural governance through decentralisation and processes of transparency and accountability

An Act to provide for the enhancement of

livelihood security of the households in rural

areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of

Guaranteed wage employment in every

financial year to every household

Right based Framework

Time bound Guarantee of Employment

Labour Intensive Works

Payment of Wages through their Bank / Post Office accounts. Payment in any case not later than a fortnight

Decentralisation: PRIs will have a principal role in planning, monitoring and implementation, GPs will execute at least 50% of works

Women empowerment: At least one-third of the workers should be women

Transparency & Accountability Proactive disclosure of information Social Audit by the Gram Sabha is mandatoryOmbudsman to be set up

Use of Information TechnologyA Web enabled MIS www.nrega.nic.in for monitoring, decision making and transparency

NREGA: Salient Features

Nature of Works

Community Lands

Water conservation Water harvesting Irrigation Drought proofing Plantation & Afforestation Renovation of water

bodies Desilting of tanks &

canals Flood control measures Rural connectivity

Private LandsPrivate Lands of SC/ST/IAY/Land Reform

beneficiaries/BPL farmers Small & marginal farmers

account for 80% of land- holdings & operate 40% of cultivated land

Land Development Irrigation facilities Horticulture Plantation

National Overview  (FY 2006-07)

200 Districts(FY 2007-08)

330 Districts(FY 2008-09)

615 Districts(FY 2009-10)

619 Districts(FY 2010-11) 625 Districts upto

Sep 2010

Households Employment provided :   2.10 Crore 3.39 Crore 4.51 Crore 5.25 Crore 3.52PERSONDAYS [in Crore]Total:   90.5 143.59 216.32 282.58 115.03

SCs:  22.95 [25%] 39.36 [27%] 63.36 [29%] 86.31 [31%] 26.15 [23%]STs:   32.98 [36%] 42.07 [29%] 55.02 [25%] 58.57 [21%] 19.51 [17%]Women:  36.79 [41%] 61.15 [43%] 103.57 [48%] 137.40 [49%] 59.61 [52%]Others:  34.56 [38%] 62.16 [43%] 97.95 [45%] 137.69 [49%] 69.38 [60%]

Average personday per household 43 Days 42 Days 48 Days 54 Days 33 DaysFINANCIAL DETAILBudget Outlay (In Rs Crore): 11300 12000 30000 39100 40100Central Release (In Rs Crore): 8640.85 12610.39 29939.60 33506.61 22488.16Total available fund with States [including OB]: In Rs. Crore.

12073.55 19305.81 37397.06 49529.99 36126.07

Expenditure (In Rs. Crore.) 8823.35 15856.89 27250.10 37938.16 15133.48Average wage per day Rs. 65 Rs. 75 Rs. 84 Rs. 91 Rs. 96Average cost per day Rs. 97 Rs. 110 Rs. 126 Rs. 134 Rs. 132WORKS DETAIL Total works taken up (In Lakhs):   8.35 17.88 27.75 46.01 63.45Works completed:    3.87 8.22 12.14 20.94 1.46

Water conservation: 4.51 [54%] 8.73 [49 %] 12.79 [46%] 23.33 [51%] 32.23 [51%]Provision of Irrigation facility to land owned by SC/ST/ BPL/ S & MF and IAY benificiaries:

0.81 [10%] 2.63 [15 %] 5.67 [20%] 7.77 [17%] 7.17 [11%]

Rural Connectivity: 1.80 [21%] 3.08 [17 %] 5.03 [18%] 7.63 [17%] 13.50 [21%]Land Development: 0.89 [11%] 2.88 [16%] 3.98 [15%] 6.29 [14%] 7.93 [13%]Bharat Nirman Rajiv Gandhi Seva Kendra - - - - 0.17 [0.27%]Any other activity: 0.34 [4%] 0.56 [3%] 0.28 [1%] 0.98 [2%] 2.44 [4%]

9

1%

8%

6%

9%

16%

13%

3%

16%

27%

Flood Control and Protection

Water Conservation and WaterHarvesting

Provision of Irrigation facility toLand Owned by SC/ST/BPL/ IAYBeneficiariesRural Connectivity

Land Development

Others

Drought Proofing (Afforestation& Plantation)

Micro Irrigation Works

Renovation of Traditional Waterbodies

Highest Priority to Water Conservation in Choice of Works under NREGA: Financial

Year 2010-11 upto sep, 10

NATIONAL Share of works on private lands

[provision of irrigation facilities to land owned by SC/SC/IAY/BPL/Small and Marginal Farmer beneficiaries]

0

5

10

15

20

25

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

NREGA: Positive Trends Increase in Agriculture Minimum Wages and wage

earned per day and annual income. Bargaining power of labour has increased

Earnings per HH has increased from Rs 2795 in 2006-’07 to Rs 3150 in 2007-’08 to Rs 4060 in 2008-’09 and about Rs 3500 in the current FY, 5000 in 2009-10

Financial Inclusion: 9.3 crore accounts opened Distress migration has reduced in many parts “Green Jobs” created as 70% works relate to water

conservation, water-harvesting, restoration, renovation and desilting of water bodies, drought-proofing, plantation & afforestation

Productivity effects of NREGA reported - Improvement in ground water - Improved agricultural productivity & cropping

intensity - Livelihood diversification in rural areas.

1212

Inter-sectoral Convergence for creation of Durable and Productive Assets

From mere wage employment to sustainable rural livelihoods

From unskilled to skilled labour through knowledge & technology input, training & capacity building in productivity increases, water-use efficiency, backward–forward linkages

Significant productivity increases could be stimulated by NREGA on holdings of small and marginal farmers in rainfed areas

1414

Parameters for Convergence

A process that brings together on-going schemes Guidelines are a broad facilitating framework

Parameters of NREG Act and Guidelines as well as the guidelines of the other development Schemes with which convergence is attempted are not altered.

Convergence is expected to create value addition through resource and activity synergies as well as infusion of technology input and professional quality in planning and implementation

Joint monitoring of Convergence Convergence at planning, management and works

level 14

15

Joint Guidelines on convergence of MGNREGS with specific programmes &

schemes

Ministry of Agriculture -- Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Ministry of Environment and Forest Ministry of Water Resources Department of Land Resources Pradhan mantri Gram Sadak Yojana – Rural

Roads SGSY (Department of Rural Development) Ministry of Agriculture

Convergence Guidelines with Schemes of Ministry of Tribal Affairs and watershed under progress

Pilots Projects on convergence in selected districts taken up like action research identifying further possibilities and up-scaling.

Funding will be through MGNREGA and concerned programmes

NREGA works catalyse agricultural development through:

• Additional land under irrigation/cultivation

• Improved soil fertility and moisture conservation

• Convergence with NHM, RKVY, NFSM, Fisheries etc

• Growth in consumption of agricultural inputs through increased household earnings

So huge potential exists for NREGA convergence with agriculture and allied programmes such as;

• National Horticulture Mission

• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana

• National Food Security Mission

• Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Development

• National Agriculture Innovation Project

• Intensive Dairy Development Programme

MGNREGS and Schemes of Ministry of Agriculture

16

MGNREG Convergence with RKVY

• Developing of rain fed farming systems in and outside watershed areas, as also integrated development of watershed areas, wastelands, river valleys

•Activities relating to enhancement of horticulture production and popularization of micro irrigation systems;•Collection and processing of neem seeds as part of Integrated Pest Management

• Promote Organic farming through extensive composting and recycling of solid waste

• Seed production, packing and processing in common and community lands

• Common post harvest facilities for threshing, storage and labour intensive processing

17

MGNREGS with National Food Security Mission

National Food Security Mission (NFSM)The objective of the Mission

• Increase production of rice, wheat and pulses through area expansion and productivity enhancement in a sustainable manner in the identified districts

• Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the individual farm level

• Creation of employment opportunities; and enhancing farm level economy ( i.e. farm profits) to restore confidence amongst the farmers.

Value addition to NREGS work through NFSM

Individual land holding cultivators benefiting under NREGS should be included under NFSM on priority, for value addition through sharing of information: Critical role of ATMA 18

MGNREGS and Scheme on Development of Inland fisheries and aquaculture

Activities under Fisheries schemes

i) Construction of new pondsii) Reclamation/Renovation of ponds/tanksiii) Fish Seed Hatcheryiv) Aerators/Pumpsv) Training of fish farmersvi) Provision of soil and water testing kits to each FFDA

Activities that may be undertaken under NREGSI and ii

20

Convergence with Programmes of Ministry of Forest and Environment and MGNREGS

for Eco restoration

Root stock regeneration, new plantation and Silvipasture

Fencing Land Development to rehabilitate degraded

forest Forest fair weather Roads Water Conservation National Afforestation Programme Implementation agencies: Joint Forest

Management Committees

21

Convergence of Programmes of Ministry of Water Resources

For Effective Water conservation and efficient Water use Artificial Recharge of Ground Water through Dug

well Repair, Renovation and Restoration of water bodies

directly linked to Agriculture/ Aquaculture Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme Flood Management Programme Farmer’s Participation Action Research Programme Command Area Development & Water Management

Programme Value Addition: The work of Canal plantation and

Canal fair weather road may be carried out under NREGA as value addition.

21

Convergence with Watershed ProgrammesGuidelines Issued

Project of a village to be prepared on Watershed approach

Delineation of Watershed as per Common guidelines for Watershed

Under NREGA, the size can be an area of the village matching micro watershed i.e. nearly 250 to 500 hectares.

Gap Filling through NREGAa) Areas treated under Watershed Development

programme but not saturated because of insufficient cost norms.

b) Difficult areas, being treated under the watershed Development programme, where the revised cost norms is also not sufficient to saturate the area.

c) New areas; neither yet treated nor planned under watershed programme and where works are to be planned on watershed approach under NREGA.

22

Triggering Green Revolution in Rainfed Areas

Green Revolution bypassed the rainfed areas. Agriculture Development Programmes and MGNREGS converged have potential to become a life-support system in the rainfed areas

Most MGNREGA works contribute directly or indirectly to agricultural development

Convergence of MGNREGA with agriculture and allied sectors is possible across the value chain;

o Pre-production - Soil and water conservation projects form bulk of MGNREGA works

o Production phase – Weed control in common lands, community nurseries for planting material

o Post harvest – Common threshing floors, village roads for connectivity to markets, composting post harvest waste

Convergence of MGNREGS with Schemes of Ministry of Agriculture can improve soil health & water conservation

23

24

Non -Negotiables in work execution:

Only Job Card holders to be employed for NREGA component.

Muster rolls to be maintained on work site, with copies in the gram panchayat and to be electronically maintained on nrega.nic.in

Social Audits to be done through gramsabhas.

Wage payments will be through no frills accounts in banks/post office

Working models, convergence

Working Model: Orissa, Mayurbhanj, GanjamConvergence: Model I

Horticulture & Plantation

Horticulture & Plantation

Community Tank under NREGSFishery through SHGs

Community Tank under NREGSFishery through SHGs

Irrigation & Water Conservation

Irrigation & Water Conservation

Convergence: Model II

Watershed Development under NREGSFishery through the SHGs

Watershed Development under NREGSFishery through the SHGs

Irrigation Irrigation Animal HusbandryAnimal Husbandry

Social Forestry

Social Forestry

Plantation &Horticulture

Plantation &Horticulture

Soil and Water ConservationSoil and Water Conservation

Convergence: Model III

Rural Connectivity under NREGS

Rural Connectivity under NREGS

PlantationPlantationWater ConservationWater Conservation

Conversion into Pucca Road through PMGSY

Conversion into Pucca Road through PMGSY

Selected Villages in Mayurbhanj District

Identified Villages/GPs for MGNREGS Convergence in Mayurbhanj District and Activities undertaken

S.N. Name of BlockName of Gram Panchayts(GPs) Village Major Activities Departments involved

1Morada

Sureidihi Chakundapada

(i) Farm Pond-Horticulture-Pisciculture-Poultry-irrigation(ii) Community Tank-Pisciculture-Horticulture-Irrigation

(i) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture

(ii) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture, SGSY

    Bhaliadiha KalarafuliaFarm Pond-Horticulture-Pisciculture-Poultry-irrigation Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture

2 Bangiriposi Surisapal KanchindaFarm Pond-Horticulture-Pisciculture-irrigation Horticulture, Fishery, Agriculture

    Budhikhamari BudhikhamariCommunity Tank-Fishery-Horticulture

Fishery, Horticulture, Veterinary

3 Samakhunta Paikabasa Harischandrapur

(i) Farm Pond-Horticulture-Pisciculture-Poultry-irrigation(ii) Community Tank-Pisciculture-Horticulture-Irrigation

(i) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture

(ii) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture

    Rangamatia Kundalbani Farm Pond-Pisciculture-irrigationFishery, Agriculture

4 Kuliana Baiganabadia BalipalFarm Pond-Horticulture-Pisciculture-Poultry-irrigation

Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture, SGSY

    Nodhana NodhanaFarm Pond-Horticulture-Pisciculture-Poultry-irrigation

Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture, SGSY

Selected Villages in Ganjam DistrictsIdentified Villages/GPs for MGNREGS Convergence in Ganjam District and Activities undertaken

S.No.

Name of Block Name of Gram Panchayts (GPs)

Village Major Activities Departments involved

1 

Hinjlicut 

Saru Saru Tank-Pisciculture- Plantation-Irrigation Fisheries, Irrigation, Horticulture, KVK

Darubhadra Darubhadra Tank-Pisciculture- Plantation-Irrigation Fisheries, Irrigation, Horticulture, KVK

2 

Rangeilunda 

Biswanathpur Biswanathpur Tank-Irrigation-Plantation-Rural connectivity

Horticulture, Irrigation, Fishery, Agriculture-KVK

Chikrada Chikrada Tank-Plantation-Piscicultur-/Horticulture

Fisheries, Horticulture, Irrigation, Agriculture-KVK

3 

Sheragada 

Sheragada Ramagiri Tank-Plantation Fisheries, Horticulture, Agriculture-KVK

Karadakana Karadakana Tank-Poultry farm-Rural connectivity-Plantation

Fisheries, Horticulture, Agriculture-KVK

4 

Sana-Khemundi 

T. Govindpur Khaprabar Rural connectivity-Tank-Watershed Development- Forestry-Plantation

Horticulture, PMGSY, Fisheries, Forest, Water Resources, Agriculture-KVK,

Singipur Harina Rural Connectivity- Tank-Plantation-Watershed Development-Horticulture-Forestry

Horticulture, PMGSY, Fisheries, Forest, Water Resources, Agriculture-KVK

Major Findings: Perceptions of Line Department Officials

Difficulties Faced by the Line Departments

FISH. DEPT FOREST DEPT MI DEPT PR DEPT WR DEPT Total

LACK OF COOPERATION FROM PRIs

LACK OF COORDINATION

LACK OF CORDINATION AND INFORMATION

LACK OF PROPER PLANNING

Model Convergence

Khaprabar village under T. Gobindpur Panchayat Tribal Village consisting of 20 households Major Occupation:

Cultivation Forest collection

Convergence Initiative: Fish Pond, Irrigation, Plantation, Horticulture

Model Convergence

Fish Pond

Model Convergence

Paddy Field and Fruit Bearing Trees

Good Practices & InnovationsBanaskanttha District

Infrastructure Development: • Open/close drainage line• Stone pitching in pond (On going)

Livelihood: • Horticulture through waste water

management

35

Banaskantha District @ Vadgam @ village Meetha

36

•Asset/s Created: Horticulture and Seasonal Vegetable Plantation •Immediate Benefits: Employment generation •Asset Durability: Very high•Possible Impact: Livelihood enhancement, Promotion of recycling technology and wasteland development The farmers can easily earn Rs. 4000-6000 per month

Dang District @ Ahawa @ village Shamgatan

• Convergence Activity: Bhagat Udyan • Convergence Dept.: Forest• Asset/s Created: Plantations of Indigenous Medicines • Immediate Benefits: Assured employment for the poor,

assured wages, recycling of resources • Asset Durability: Very high• Possible Impact: Livelihood enhancement, Promotion and

conservation of indigenous medicines and practices

37

Replicable Success Stories/Good PracticesReplicable Success Stories/Good Practices

Plantation in Chaukati Village Plantation at Nakati Hills

A Privately Owned Nursery under NREGA in village Kayethapara

Water Conservation Tank in Srijangram Development Block

Construction of bundh from Champa bridge to Baghmara village with cross drainage

Construction of earthen bundh and palliative measures at eroded portion at Char area

Pineapple Plantation in Mulagaon GP

Plantation of Banana in Alukhanda Village

Kerala, MammalpuramNREGS convergence in Agriculture282 works have been carried out with an

expenditure of 97 lakh rupees. Around 600 hectares of land got benefited

Agriculture works in Monitoring BlocksBlock GP No of Works Area in Ha Expenditure

TirurThalakkad 3 6 48,000

Trippangode 12 25 2,76,000Ponnani Edappal 31 12.5 7,37,000

Thavanur 34 13.18 10,06,000Nilambur Chungathara 5 61 10,75,000

KuttipuramKuttipuram 1 19 2,32,853

Irimbiliyam 36 87 16,78,853

NREGS Convergence with Agricultural Farms

NREGS involvement in Six Agricultural FarmsFocus on production of quality seedsOne Agricultural Farm in the Monitoring GPs In dire situation due to shortage of funds and

labourMost of the land unutilized – production

reducedNREGS in land development activities – freed

technical labour for skilled work In 2008-09, Rs. 2,04,461 were spent, utilising

1570 persondaysGone up to Rs. 11,91,003 in 2009-10 with

8862

NREGS Convergence with KVK KVK in Malappuram participated in NEW Delhi

meeting of 29th April 2009 (convergence with ICAR)

DRDA-KVK meeting to train SGSY beneficiaries, technological demonstrations, skill development

NREGS involvement in KVK farm’s land development

In 2008-09, 717 persondays, 1.5 lakh rupees

In 2009-10, works carried out in three reaches – 2378 persondays, Rs. 2,98,728 of Expenditure

KVK involvement in horticulture Development

NREGS-Forest Department Convergence

758 sq. kms of forest land in Malappuram District Significant Forest areas in Nilambur Blokc Two Forest Divisions Operating from Nilambur Town Vetiver plantation in Vazhikkadavu-Nadukani pass

which located in Highway connecting Kerala with Tamilnadu

A total of 5697 persondays and Rs. 12,41,536 were used for this project under NREGS in 2008-09

in 2009-10 the expenditure gone up to Rs. 15,70,314 Much scope to increase convergence with Forest

Department 220 ST colonies in Nilambur Block Proactive Approach at State Level – Availability of

Guidelines Man-Animal Conflict Implementation of NAP

Plantations & bunding: Kerala

Nursery, Bilaspur Forest Division, Chhattisgarh

Water pond for orchards , Jammu & Kashmir

Dug Well, Madhya Pradesh

Check Dam , Jammu & Kashmir

Conservation and Afforestation of forest area: Water,

Fodder, Water Tank and Nursery Gujarat

After restoration

Water Conservation Tank, Andhra Pradesh