MacromoleculMacromoleculeses

Lipids

Common myths and Common myths and misconceptions…do misconceptions…do you have something you have something

to learn?to learn? http://wps.aw.com/bc_blake_nutrition_1/75

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Lipids Are…Lipids Are…

Macronutrients??

Organic molecules??

Essential nutrients??

1. What elements are always in 1. What elements are always in fats/lipids?fats/lipids?

C, H, O

(2) Intro to Lipids(2) Intro to Lipids

There are three types of lipidsTriglycerides These are the lipids commonly known as fat

PhospholipidsSterols

2. What is the basic structure?2. What is the basic structure?

Triglycerides & Phospholipids:Fatty acids: long chains of C and H

(hydrocarbon) with an acid group “COOH” at the end

There are 20 different fatty acids that make up these lipidsEssential vs. non essential

Sterols – fused ring structure

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Cholesterol.svg

3. What two "parts" or "portions" are 3. What two "parts" or "portions" are there in the general structure of fats?there in the general structure of fats?

The TRIglyceride, commonly known as fat, is made up a THREE fatty acids connected to one

glycerol

Fatty AcidsFatty Acids They vary by:

1.Length of chain 2.Whether the carbons

have a SINGLE OR DOUBLE bond between them (saturated or unsaturated)

3.Total number of double bonds (monounsaturated or polyunsaturated)

4. What is a general 4. What is a general property of all lipids?property of all lipids?

Hydrophobic“Hydro” = water“Phobic” = fear

In other words, they DO NOT dissolve in water

5. What is the difference between the 5. What is the difference between the structure of saturated and unsaturated fats?structure of saturated and unsaturated fats?

Unsaturated vs. Unsaturated vs. Saturated Fatty AcidsSaturated Fatty Acids

Unsaturated fatty acids: a fatty acid with one or more double bonds between carbons

Saturated fatty acids: a fatty acid with all of its carbons bound to a hydrogenNO DOUBLE BONDS

Monounsaturated vs. Monounsaturated vs. Polyunsaturated Fatty AcidsPolyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Monounsaturated: ONE double bond between carbons

Polyunsaturated: Two or more (many) double bonds between carbons

6. What is the difference between what unsaturated and 6. What is the difference between what unsaturated and saturated fats look like at room temperature?saturated fats look like at room temperature?

Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature

Unsaturated fats tend to be liquid at room temperature

7. What are some general functions 7. What are some general functions of fats/lipids in the body?of fats/lipids in the body?

1.Energy storage Your body has an UNLIMITED ability to

store excess calories as fat Your fat reserves have the ability to enlarge

as much as 1000X their original size2.Insulation & maintenance of body temperature3. Transport proteins in blood4. Allows you to absorb certain vitamins

8. Identify at least TWO specific 8. Identify at least TWO specific examples of fats/lipids and explain their examples of fats/lipids and explain their

functions in the body.functions in the body.

Phospholipid:Make up the membrane of your cells

Cholesterol:Part of your cells’ membrane; provides structure

Cholesterol is needed to make vitamin D, sex hormones, and bile acids

9. What are some food sources of 9. What are some food sources of saturated saturated fat?fat?

Animal sources such as meat Whole-milk dairy products (butter, ice cream, cheese)

CandiesCommercially made baked goods

10. What are some food sources of 10. What are some food sources of unsaturatedunsaturated fat? fat?

Corn, canola, and soybean oilsAnd products made with them

Almonds, peanuts, walnutsFish: salmon, herring, sardinesSeafood: lobster, shrimp

Nutrition Sleuth – Nutrition Sleuth – Assessing the Fat Assessing the Fat

Content of Fast Content of Fast FoodsFoods

http://wps.aw.com/bc_blake_nutrition_1/75/19279/4935556.cw/index.html

Cis and Trans FatsCis and Trans Fats

Unsaturated but “bad”?Unsaturated but “bad”?Trans FatsTrans Fats