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Session slides used in the seminar. Some material pulled from lecture content. Emphasis on crowsourcing
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Tradi3onal forms of collabora3ve ac3on
• 20th century • Large scale projects • Typically hierarchical • Top‐down model
• Typically state or market led – (see Shirky, 2008)
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Government steering group
Project lead (eg IBM)
Passports HMCR NI DVLA NHS
Doc control
Consultants
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Consultants
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Consultants
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Consultants Consultants
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Tech roll out Tech roll out Tech roll out Tech roll out Tech roll out
Test Test Test Test Test
ID Cards
Wikipedia
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Wikipedia
Staff
Hardcore contributors
Casual users
Regular contributors
Link editor
Fact editor Text
editor
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We‐think?
• Sharing of informaYon via Internet – improves creaYvity
– improves ideas – improves innovaYon – improves democracy
– h5p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiP79vYsdo
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Crowdsourcing?
• Outsourcing of ideas to a large undefined group – open calls for help – the hive mind – collecYve problem solving
– cheap!
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Crowdsourcing?
• Outsourcing of ideas to a large undefined group – open calls for help – the hive mind – collecYve problem solving
– cheap!
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Crowdsourcing?
• Outsourcing of ideas to a large undefined group – open calls for help – the hive mind – collecYve problem solving
– cheap!
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Crowdsourcing?
• Outsourcing of ideas to a large undefined group – open calls for help – the hive mind – collecYve problem solving
– cheap!
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Wikipedia in figures
• 2001: 15,000 arYcles • 2009: 2.7 million+ arYcles • 1 million+ registered users • 100,000 users posted 10+ arYcles • 75,000 regular editors • 5,000 hardcore maintain site • 5 paid staffers
– See Tapsco5 & Williams, 2008: 72; h5p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About_Wikipedia
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Wikipedia: how big is the crowd?
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Wikipedia
Staff
Hardcore contributors
Casual users
Regular contributors
Link editor
Fact editor Text
editor
Image editor
Power of the crowd?
• Facebook ToS February 2009 – h5p://consumerist.com/5150175/facebooks‐new‐terms‐of‐service‐we‐can‐do‐anything‐we‐want‐with‐your‐content‐forever
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Examples of collec3ve produc3on
• BitTorrent swarms • Second Life • Distributed compuYng
• Google search • Facebook • Li5leBigPlanet • Podzilla • Lego Mindstorms
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Google search
• “Search engines like Google, which run on algorithms that rank results according to the number of previous searches, answer our search queries not with what is most true or most reliable, but merely what is most popular. As a result, our knowledge … is being shaped by nothing but the aggregaYon of responses. The search engine is a quanYtaYve historical records of previous responses” – Andrew Keen ,2008: 92‐2
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• 21st century is the era of mass collaboraYon
• CollaboraYon benefits business and culture alike
• The crowd is a resource? • DemocraYsing force?
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Ques3ons
• Do the benefits of crowdsourcing outweigh the problems?
• Is the future one of mass collaboraYon?
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Sources and reading • Digital Britain report, January 2009,
h5p://www.culture.gov.uk/what_we_do/broadcasYng/5631.aspx • Jeff Howe, 2008, Crowdsourcing: How the Power of the Crowd is Driving
the Future of Business, London: Random House Business Books. • Andrew Keen, 2008, The Cult of the Amateur: How today’s Internet is
killing our culture and assaulAng our economy, London: Nicholas Brearly Publishing
• Charles Leadbe5er 2008, We‐Think: Mass innovaAon, not mass‐producAon, London: Profile Books Ltd.
• Clay Shirky, 2008: Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without OrganizaAons, London: Allen Lane.
• James Surowiecki, 2005, The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few, London: Abacus.
• Don Tapsoc5 & Anthony D. Williams, 2008, Wikinomics: How Mass CollaboraAon Changes Everything, London: AtlanYc Books
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