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UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
(Abstract)
M.A Islamic Studies (CUCSS) – in affiliated colleges– revised syllabus – I to IV –Semesters with effect from 2011 admission (applicable to II to IV semester of 2010 admission also) - implemented– approved - - orders issued._______________________________________________________________________________
GENERAL AND ACADEMIC BRANCH-IV B SECTION
No: GAIV/B1/6062/05 Dated, Calicut
University. P.O., 18.11.2011
Read: 1. U.O No.GA IV/J1/1373/08 dated 23-07-2010. 2 U.O of even No.dated 17-09-2010 and 06.01.2011
3 Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Islamic Studies held on 20.06.2011 (item No.1)4. Orders of theVice-Chancellor in the file of even no. dated 08/08/2011.5. Letter dated 05.09.2011 from the Chairman Board of Studies in Islamic
Studies6. Orders of the Registrar in file of even No dated 18.11.2011.
ORDER
Vide paper read 1st above, Calicut University Credit Semester System has been introduced at PG level in affiliated colleges of Calicut University with effect from 2010 admission onwards.
Vide U.O read 2nd above, the Ist semester syllabus and II to IV Semester of M.A Islamic Studies (CUCSS) in affiliated colleges, was implemented with effect from 2010 admission, subject to ratification by Academic Council.
Vide paper read 3rd the Board of Studies in Islamic Studies resolved to revise and approve the syllabus of the Ist semester of MA Islamic Studies with effect from 2011 admission.
The Vice Chancellor after having considered the matter and in view of urgency has approved Item No. 1 of the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Islamic Studies held on 20.06.2011 subject to ratification by Academic Council.
The Chairman vide paper read fifth has further clarified that the syllabus of II to IV semesters of MA Islamic Studies will be applicable for 2010 admission also.
The Registrar vide paper read sixth above has approved the clarifications forwarded by the Chairman, Board of Studies in Islamic Studies on 05.09.2011.
Sanction has therefore been accorded for implementing the revised syllabus of M.A Islamic Studies CUCSS in affiliated colleges, with effect from 2011 admission, subject to ratification by Academic Council. The syllabus of II to IV MA Islamic Studies will be applicable for 2010 admission also.
Orders are issued accordingly. The syllabus is uploaded in the University Website www.universityofcalicut.info.
Sd/- ASSISTANT REGISTRAR (G&AIV)
For REGISTRARTo,
The Principals of all colleges offering M.A Islamic Studies.
Copy to:- PA to CE/Ex/EG/DR-AR PG Sn./PG Tabulation Sn/Library/System Administrator with a request to upload the syllabus/GA I ‘F’ Sn/SF/DF/FC.
Forwarded/By Order
1
Sd/-
SECTION OFFICER.
M A DEGREE IN ISLAMIC STUDIES SCHEME AND REGULATIONS
Under Credit Semester system for P G Curriculum 2011 for Affiliated Colleges.
Name of the course: MA DEGREE IN ISLAMIC STUDIES
This is the detailed syllabus for the revised MA Degree in ISLAMIC STUDIES. This semesterised post graduate programme in Islamic studies has been modified according to the need of the fast changing world. One of the unique features of this course designed for various levels of study is the special thrust on the need to create considerable efficiency in the history of islam and its importance. With the completion of this course the students will become well versed in islamic studies and will get a good command in it. The syllabi cover the prominance of islamic culture and civilization and a thorough knowledge of the personalities engaged from the pre- islamic period of ignorance to the the modern age. This prgramme is indented to expose the students to new horizons of knowledge that a student of islamic studies should know, the need and significance of islamic studies in the modern world.
ELIGIBILITY OF ADMISSION. As per the University rules and regulations regarding P.G Admission.
DURATION OF THE PROGRAMME
4 Semesters in 2year, with 2 semesters in each year. Each semester will have 90 instructional days with 5 hours of instructions each day under five day week system, ie 450 hours of instruction per semester.Semester: end examination will be held outside the 90 regular instructional days.
OUTLINE OF COURSES (PAPERS) AND SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
4 Courses (papers) in each semester.Total number of courses 16 (4x4)4 Credits for each course Besides these courses, there will be one Dissertation / Project during the entire course and a comprehensive Viva-voce at the end of the last semester. In all there shall be 14 core courses and two elective courses
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Details of the courses (papers) are given below
S No Code Course Component
Name of Course Semester
Instru..Hours
Credits
Exam Internal
External
Exam Duration
1 IS 1 C 01
Core Course
IS 1C01 LIFE AND TIMES OF THE
HOLY PROPHET
1 4 25 % 75% 3 Hours
2 IS1 C 02
Core Course
IS IC02 LIFE AND TIMES OF THE PIOUS CALIPHS.
1 4 25 % 75% 3 Hours
3 IS1 C 03
Core Course
IS IC03- THE FOUNDATION OF ISLAMIC CULTURE
1 4 25 % 75% 3 Hours
4 IS 1 C 04
Core Course
IS IC04- THE UMAYYAHS OF DAMASCUS AND SPAIN
1 4 25 % 75% 3 Hours
SCHEME OF EVALUATION Evaluation of all the semester papers will be done in 2 parts, viz, Continuous Internal Assessment and External Evaluation 25% marks will be set apart for Continuous Internal Assessment and 75% marks for External Evaluation. The entire course (4semesters) will have a grading system. Continuous Internal Evaluation 25% marks for Continuous Internal Evaluation will be distributed as followsAttendance 5marksAssignment (1) 6marksTest paper (2) 8marks (not less than 2)Seminar (1) 6 marks (presentation of paper) Total 25 marks
Attendance Marks
Below 75% NilBetween 75% and 79% 2marksBetween 80%and 89% 3marksBetween 90% and 100% 4marksAttendance shall be marked in every class and consolidated at the college office at the end of every semester.Assignment: One assignment for each paperTest paper : A minimum of two tests for each paper of which the best performance will be counted for internal evaluation in each semester.Seminar : One seminar for each paper ; marks to be awarded on the basis of the script (3marks) and presentation (2marks)Seminar is Compulsory The assignment / seminars/ test papers will be held at regular intervals to be notified in advance by each Institution. These will be marked and returned to the students with in two weeks of conduct of the same.
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One teacher nominated by the head of the institution by rotation for a period of one year will be act as the Co-ordinator for consolidating the mark lists for internal evaluation . The consolidated mark lists will be published on the notice board one week before the completion of the classes for that particular semester under the seal and signature of the head of the Institution and the co-ordinator for internal evaluation.
External Evaluation
Theory papers There will be double valuation for the semester end papers. The average of two valuation will be taken for awarding the score except where there is a variation of more than 10% between the two valuations. In such cases a third valuation will be held and the average of the score in the third valuation and the score nearest to it in the to earlier evaluations will be taken for calculating the final score. There will be no further revaluation.
Project report/ Dissertation The project reports/ dissertation will be valued by two teachers on the Viva board for 80 marks. In case there is a variation of more than 10% a third valuation as mentioned above will be resorted to.
Distribution of 100 marks allotted for dissertation will be as follows:Methodology/ Tools 10marksContent 40 marksPresentation 20 marksAnswering question (Viva) based on dissertation 20marksOriginality 10 marksTotal 100 marks
Final Comprehensive Viva-voce Viva-voce will be conducted in the forth semester A team consisting external and internal examiners will hold the same for 50 marks covering topics in the four semesters. Time Schedule for valuation of Semester papers and publication of results. The valuation of answer scripts and distribution of mark lists for each semester will be done within two months from the completion of the semester examinations.
Pass requirements The pass minimum for each paper will be 40% with separate minimum of 40 % for external evaluation. There will be no separate minimum for internal evaluation and no provision for improvement.
Classification of Results
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There will be a grading system based on 7 point scale
3.8 to 4 = A+
3.5 to 3.79 = A
3 to 3.49 = B+
2.5 to 2.99 = B
2.2 to 2.49= C+
1.5 to 2.19= C
Below 1.5 = D
Promotion to higher semester Only a student who has minimum required attendance (75%)(or whose shortage has been condoned by the University for good and sufficient reasons and register for the semester examinations) will be eligible for promotion to higher semester. Students who fail to secure minimum attendance/ condonation by the University may be given one more chance to repeat semester along with the subsequent batch of students after obtaining re admission.
Supplementary Examination for failed candidates Candidates who have failed in the semester examination , can appear for the failed papers of a particular semester along with the regular students . Two such supplementary chance ( consecutively ) will be given in each semester.
Sl
No. Code Course Title of Paper Semester Credit
1 ISIC01 Core Course Life and Times of Holy Prophet 1 4
2 IS1C02 Core Course Life and Times of Pious Caliphs 1 4
3 IS1C03 Core Course The Foundation of Islamic Culture 1 4
4 IS1C04 Core Course The Umayyads of Damascus 1 4
5 IS2C05 Core Course The Abbasid Caliphate 2 4
6 IS2C06 Core Course Islam in Europe-Spain and Sicily 2 4
7 IS2C07 Core Course The trends of Sectarianism 2 4
8 IS2C08 Core Course Intellectual Revolution in the Middle Ages 2 4
9 IS3C09 Core Course Islamic Jurisprudence 3 4
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10 IS3C10 Core Course Islam In India 3 4
11 IS3C11 Core Course The Ottomans as World Power 3 4
12 IS3E01 Elective The Revivalist Movement in Islam 3 4
13 IS3E02 Elective Islamic Economics 3 4
14 IS3E03 Elective Muslims and Indian Freedom Struggle 3 4
15 IS4C12 Core Course Islamic Revivalist movement in India 4 4
16 IS4C13 Core Course The Arab World After I World War 4 4
17 IS4C14 Core Course Islam in Modern World 4 4
18 IS4E01 Elective Muslim World in Modern Times 4 4
19 IS4E02 Elective Islamic Political Thought 4 4
20 IS4E03 Elective Muslim Historiography 4 4
M A Degree In Islamic studies
Under Credit Semester system for P G Curriculum 2010 for Affiliated Colleges.
Detailed Syllabi
First Semester
IS 1C01 LIFE AND TIMES OF THE HOLY PROPHET
UNIT I Credit 1
Arabia, the Cradle of Semites- The nomads- Asabiyah- The North Arabs and South Arabs- The Jahiliyya days- Ayyamul Arab- The Basus War-Poetry- Religious and Social conditions- Macca- Ka’ba- Allah- Geo-political status- The War of Elephant
UNIT 2 Credit 1
The Advent of Prophet Muhammed, Ancestry, Harb al Fijar and Hilf al Fudal, Reconstruction of Ka’ba, The Message and the Mission, Propagation, Birth of Muslim community(Ummah), Migration to Abyssinia, Social Boycott of Banu Hashim, Year of Sadness, Visit to Taif, Ascension(Mi’raaj),The Pledges of Aqabah -Emigration to Madina(Hijrah
UNIT 3 Credit 1
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Prophet’s work at Madinah, The Ansar and Muhajirin, Masjid al Quba and Masjidul Nabawi, The Madina Charter, Change of Qiblah, Battle of Badr and Uhd- Expulsion of Banu Qaynuqah- Punishment of Banu Nadhir, Battle of Khandak- The fall of Banu Qurayzah.
UNIT 4 Credit 1
Treaty of Hudaybiyah, Invitation to neighbouring states, The Battle of Khaybar, The Battle of Mu’ta, The fall of Makkah, Hunyan, Taif and the Tabuk Expedition- The death of Prophet- Prophet as a ruler, -His reforms
BOOKS RECOMMENDED :
1. Ali, S Ameer (1953) The Spirit of Islam, London
2. Ali, S. Ameer(1971) A short History of the Saracens, Cambridge
3. Ali, S. Ameer(1990) Early Islam, Edinburg
4. Cambridge History of Islam(1970) Cambridge
5. Encyclopeadia of Islam (cambridge)
6. Encyclopedia Britanica(latest edition), Leiden
7. Gibb, HAR (1962) studies on the civilization of Islam, London
8. Gibbon, E (1886) Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
9. Hameedullah (1974) Mohammed Rasoolullah. Hyderabad
10.Hell, J (1962) The Arab Civilization, London
11.Nadwi, Abul Hassan Ali (1987) Islam and the world, Karachi
12.Lewis, Bernad (1985) The Arabs in History
13.Sardar, Ziauddin (1978) Muhammed: Aspects of HisBiography
14. Hitti, Philip K (1970) History of the Arabs, Mac Millan, London
15. Imamuddin S.M (1961) A political History of muslim spaon, Dacca
16. Irwing, W(n,d) Conqust of Granada and Spain
17. Lane Poole, Staneley (1953) The moors in spain, Lahore
18. Lewis, Bernard (1985) The Arabs in History, London
19. Miranda, AH(n.d) The Iberian peninsula and Sicily
20. Nadwi, Riyasat Ali (1950) Tarikh-i-and Andulus, Azamgarh
21. Nadwi, SMA (1948) Tarikh –i-islam, Azamgarh
22. Saunders JJ (1965) A History of Medieval Islam, London
23. Shaban, MA (1971) Islamic History AD 600- 750: A new Interpretation Cambridge
24. Some aspects of the socio-economic and cultural History of Muslim Spain 1965), Leiden
25. The Cambridge History of Islam, Cambridge
26. Watt, WM(1967) A History of Islamic Spain (Edinburgh)
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IS IC02 LIFE AND TIMES OF THE PIOUS CALIPHS.
UNIT 1 Credit 1
Khilafat as an Islamic Political Institution- Khalifah: His qualifications, Rights, Duties, Functions and previlages- Condition of Islamic State and society at the Departure of the Holy Prophet- The question of succession/caliphal issue- ABU BAKR, the Pioneer- His Election and Accession- Problems and challenges- Assessment of Religious, Social, Political, Administrative and Military Achievements.
UNIT 2 Credit 1
UMAR, the Architect and Master Builder- His expansion- Consolidation and organization of the State- War with Byzantium and Persia- Institutionalization of Amir-al-Mu’minin, Shura- Diwan, Baytul Mal, Census, Hijra Calendar, Military Boards- His Martyrdom and Last Days, The model administrator
,
UNIT 3 Credit 1
UTHMAN, the Benefactor and Patience Bearer- Election, Administration, and Socio-territorial expansion- Navy, Army- Ibn Sabae- His Fitna- The Allegations against Uthman- Motives- Violence in Madina- Assasination
UNIT 4 Credit 1
ALI- His Election- The question of Vengeance of Hadrat Uthman’s Blood- Change of Capital- Battle of Jamal and Siffin- Kharijits, Battle of Nahrwan- Assassination of Ali
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BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Abu Yusuf, Yaqub b. Ibrabim (1352 A.H) Kitab-al-Kharaj, Bulaq, Cairo2. Al-Baladhuri (1958) Futuhal-Buldan, Beriut3. Al-Baladhuri (1959) Ansab-al-Ashraf, Cairo4. Al-Masudi(1894) Al Tanbih-wal- Ishraf Leiden5. Al-Masudi(1927) Muruj-al-Dhahab wa Ma’adin al Jawhar, Cairo
146. Al-Mawaridi(1960) Kitabul Ahkamul Sulthania, Cairo7. Al-Tabari, (1961) Ta’rikh al Rasool wal Muluk, Cairo8. Ali, S. Ameer (1953) The spirit of Islam, London9. Ali, S. Ameer (1971) A short History of the Saracens, Cambridge10. Arnold, T.W (1958) The preaching of Islam, Lahore11. Arnold, T.W (1965) The Caliphate, Oxford12. Baksh, S. Khudah (1920) Orient under the Caliphs, Calcutta13. Baksh, S. Khudah (1930) Islamic Civilization, Calcutta14. Baksh, S. Khudah (1937) Renaissance of Islam, Patna15. Cambridge History of Islam (1970) Cambridge16. Cambridge Medieval History (n.d) Cambridge17. Encyclopedia of Islam (Latest Edition)18. Encyclopedia of Britanica (Latest Edition) New York
19.Hussaini, S.A Q (1957) Arab Administration , Lahore
20.Ibn Athir (1220A) Al-Kamil fil-Tharik, Bulaq
21 Ibn Kathir (1404) Al Bidaya wa al Nihaya
22.Ibn Khaldun Kitab-al-Ibar
23.Ibn-Sa’d (1957) Al-Tabaqat-al-Kabir, Beirut
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IS IC 03 - THE FOUNDATION OF ISLAMIC CULTURE
UNIT I –1 Credit 1
The concept of Tawhid-Rububiya,Uluhiya, Asmaa’ wa Sifaat, Significance of Tawhid- Its effects on life- shirk, Eman, Kufr- Munafik
Unit 2 Credit 1
Risalath- Brief Hstory of Prophethood- finality of Prophethood and its significance, Sunnath vs Bidath, Prophethood and its significance- The Concept of Akhirath- Necessity of Belief in Akhirath- Barsakh (Khabar)- Hisaab, Meesan- Siraat, Hell and Paradise
Unit 3 Credit 1
Qada and Qadar- Its effect on life- The Angels and their Duties- The revealed Books, Quran- The world of Allah- not the creator
Unit 4 Credit 1
The practices of two Shahadath- Concept of Ibadath- Salat- Zakath-Sawm- Hajj-Jihad- Minor Shirk, Faasik,- Murtadd-Relation between eman and Amal- Ihsaan- Takwa.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Imam Hafidh al Hakmee- “The meaning and conditions of La Ilaha Illallah”- Trans Maaz Qureshi
2. Dr. Saaleh bn Fawzan bin Abdullah al Fawzaan: The Aqeeda of Tawheed
3. Muhammed bin Abdul Vahab : “ Explanation of Kalimah of Thouheed.”
4. Mohammed bin Saalih al Uthaymeen: “Exemplary foundation concerning the beautiful names and Attributes of Allah” Translated by Maaz Qureshi
5. Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal. “ Foundation of the Sunnah- Tans. Aboo Abdul Rahiman Fawaaz Ahmad Zumarlee.
6. Mohammed bin Saalih al Uthaymeen: “The tenets of Faith”
7. Imam Ibn Qudaimah al maqdisee. “The Radiance of Faith, A Guide to the Right path”
8. Mohammed As Saleh Al Uthaimin. “The Muslim belief” Trans. Dr. Maneh Al johani
9. Mohammed bin Saalih al Uthaymeen: “The fundamentals of faith”
10. Abdul Rahiman bin Sasir as-sadi. “The explanations of the beautiful and perfect names of Allah” Trans. Abu Rumaysah
11. Ahmed Al- Wasabee “The meaning and pillars of La ilaha Illallah”- Trans. By Shaakir al kanadee
12. Shah Ismail Shayk. “Taqwiyathul Eemaan”
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IS I C 04 - THE UMAYYAHS OF DAMASCUS
UNIT I Credit 1
Rise of Umayyahs to Power- Muawiyah- War with Byzantines- Karbala- Marwan-Abdul Malik- Abdullah Ibn Zubair- Waleed- Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf- Conquests- Umar II- Musa ibn Nusayr- Uqba Ibn Nafie.
Unit 2 Credit1
Arabisation of the State- Spread of Islam- Condition of Mawalis- Royal life- Capital- Society- The problem of Succession- North Arabs and South Arabs- Dimmis- The Abbasid Revolution and the end of the Dynasty.
Unit 3 Credit 1
Intellectual side- Arabic Grammas – Basara and Kufa- Historiography- Oratory- Poetry- Education- Science- Alchemy- Architecture- The Done of the Rock- The Aqsa Mosque- Umayyad Mosque- Qusayr Amrah- Painting- Music.
Unit 4 Credit 1
Religious Tradition and Canon Law- Hasan al Basari- Ibn Shihab Al Zuhari- The origin of Irja’- Imam Abu Hanifa- Origin and Spread of Shiism
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Ali, S. Ameer (1971) A short History of the Saracens, Cambridge2. Amin, Ahmad (1949) Fajr-al-Islam, Lahore3. Collins, Roger (1989) The Arab Conquest of Spain 710-797, Blackwell, Oxford:4. Din, A.A (1971) –The Umayyad Caliphate, London.
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5. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest ed.), Leiden6. Encyclopaedia of Britannica (Latest Edition) New York7. Faruqi, IR and Faruqi LL (1986) The cultural Atlas of Islam, Londn8. Gibb, HAR (1962) Studies on the civilization of Islam, Boston9. Hotting, GR (1986) The first Dynasty of Islam, the Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750 London10. Hitti, Philip K (1953) The Arabs: A short History , London
12. Hitti, Philip K (1970) History of the Arabs, Mac Millan, London
13. Imamuddin S.M (1961) A political History of muslim spaon, Dacca
14. Irwing, W(n,d) Conqust of Granada and Spain
15. Lane Poole, Staneley (1953) The moors in spain, Lahore
16. Lewis, Bernard (1985) The Arabs in History, London
17. Miranda, AH(n.d) The Iberian peninsula and Sicily
18. Nadwi, Riyasat Ali (1950) Tarikh-i-and Andulus, Azamgarh
19. Nadwi, SMA (1948) Tarikh –i-islam, Azamgarh
20. Saunders JJ (1965) A History of Medieval Islam, London
21. Shaban, MA (1971) Islamic History AD 600- 750: A new Interpretation Cambridge
22. Some aspects of the socio-economic and cultural History of muslim Spain(1965), Leiden
23. The Cambridge History of Islam, Cambridge
24. Watt, WM(1967) A History of Islamic Spain (Edinburgh)
Semester II
IS 2C 05 THE ABBASID CALIPHATE:
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UNIT 1 Credit 1
The Abbasiya Propaganda- Abu Muslim Al Kurasani- Al Saffah Al Mansur- The real founder of the Dynasty, -Al Mahdi- Al-Hadi- Harun al Rashid- Rise and fall of the Barmakids- The Glory of Baghdad- Al Amin and Al Ma’mun- Intellectual Awakening- Ma’mun’s heterodox views
Unit 2 Credit 1
Al-Mu’atasim- Formation of Turkish Guards- Al Wathiq-Al Mutawakkil- The later Abbasids- Causes and effects of the decline- Religious policy of the Abbasids- Administration- Society- Economy- Foreign contacts- Arts and Architecture.
Unit 3 Credit I
Petty dynasties- The Idrisids- The Aghlabids- The Tulunids- The Ikshidids- The Hamdanids- The Tahirids- The Saffarids- The Samanids- The Ghaznawids- The Buwayhid- The Saljuqs-
Alp Arslan, Nizamul Mulk- The Shahs of Khwarizm, The Fatimids.
Unit 4 Credit 1
The Crusades- Atabegs of Mosul- Nuruddin Zangi- Salahuddin Ayyubi- Emergence of Mongols, -Hulagu Khan at the Gate of Baghdad- Fall of Baghdad.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. Al- Azadi, M. Ubaidulla( 1922) Usul al fiqh, Karachi
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2. Al- Azami, M.M (2003) The history of the Qur-anic Text from revelation to compilation, Islamic academy, Leicester
3. Al Hilali, Mohammed Taqi ud ddin and Khan, Mohammed muhsin (1996) Interpretation of the meaning of the noble Qur an, Riyad
4. Ali, S. Ameer: (1953) The spirit of Islam, London
5. Ameenul Ahsan Mufti (1962) Tarikh al Fiqh, Delhi
6. Bhat, Abdul Rasheed (1996) Political thought of Shah Waliyullah, Delhi.
7. Encyclopedia of Islam (latest ed.) Leiden
8. Encyclopedia of Britanica (latest ed.) New York
9. Farooqi, I R and Farooqi LL (1986) The cultural Atlas of Islam, London
10. Faruqi, kamal A (1962) Islamic Jurisprudecne, Karachi
11. Fayzee, AAA (1953) Outlines of Muhammedan Law, Oxford
12.Hasan, Ahmed (1953) Early Developments of Islamic Jurisprudence
13.Hitti, Philip K (1970) History of the Arabs, Macmillan, London
14.Hussain, M. Hadi (Tr) (1995) Imam Abu Hanifah, new Delhi
15.Ibn Khaldun (1932) Mukaddimah, Cairo
16.Ibn Khaldun (n.d) Kitab al Ibar
17.Iqbal, Mohammed (1971) Construction of religious thought in Islam, Lahore
18.Jalbani, G,N (1988) Teaching of Hazrat Shah Valiyullahi, New Delhi.
19. Khadduri, Majid (Tr) (nd) Islamic Jurisprudene
20. Khan, Kamaruddin (1985) The political thought of Ibn Taymiah, Islamabad
21. Mahmood, tahir (1987) Personal Law in Islamic Countries, New Delhi.
22. Maududi, S.A,A (1963) Towards understanding Islam, Lahore
23. Maududi, S.A.A (nd) Islamic Law and Constitution, Lahore
IS 2C 06 : ISLAM IN EUROPE –SPAIN AND SICILY
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Unit: I Credit: 1
Political and Social Conditions of Gothic Spain- Conquest of Spain-Tarif, Tariq Ibn Ziyad-Musa Ibn Nusayr-Battle of Tours-The Amirate- Consolidation of Umayyad power in Spain- Abdul Rahman I, II and III- Ibn Hafsun
Unit: 2 Credit:1
The Glory of Cordova- Al Zahra- Industry-Agriculture-Trade-Education, Language and Literature,-Poetry-Historiography-Geography-Astronomy and Mathematics-Botany and Medicine-Philosophy-art and architecture-Transmission of Arab Learning to Europe.
Unit: 3 Credit:1
Collapse of Umayyad Power- petty states-The Abbadids-The Murabits- The Muwahhids- The Nasrids- Glory of Granada- Al Hambra- The last days of Granada- Mozarabs- Moriscos
Unit 4 Credit: 1
Muslim conquest of Sicily- Muslim attacks on Italy- The Amirate- Norman Conquest- Arab Norman Culture- Transmission of Arab learning to Europe.
Books for Reference:
1. Amir Ali: A short history of the Saracens
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2. Budget Meaking: The Moorish Empire
3 Carl Brocklemann: History of the Islamic peoples4. Dozy, R : Spanish Islam5. H.K Sherwamt: Early Muslim Political Thought6. Joseph Hell: Arab Civilization7. Jurji Zaydan: History of Islamic Civilization8. Jurji Zaydan: Islamic Civilization9. Khuda Buksh The Empire of The Arabs10. Khuda Bukhsh & DS Margoliouth: The Renaissance of Islam11. Lane Poole: The Moors in Spain12. Lane Poole: Egypt in the middle ages13. Montgomery Watt: A History of Islamic Spain14. Moris Lombrd: The Golden Age of Islam15. Nabin Faris: The Arab Heritage16. P.K. Hitti: History of the Arabs17. P.M.Holt & Others: Cambridge History of Islam18. SA Q Husaini: The Arab Administration19. T.W Arnold: The Caliphate
IS 2C 07 THE TRENDS OF SECTARIANISM
Unit: I Credit:1
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Prophet Mohammed As a Role Model- Sahabah as a saved sect- Aqeeda (creed) of Ahlu Sunnah wal Jama’- Tabie- Tabul Tabie-Ahmed Ibn Hambal- As’haabul Athaar- Sifaatiya- Importance of Naql on Aql- creed on Sifat Dhatiya- Sifat Fieliyya and Uluwullah.
Unit:2 Credit:1
Innovators- Khawarij- Main Principles- Shia- Principles of Taqiyyat- Qadariyat- Ma’bad Al Juhani- Jahmiyat-ideologies- Muetazilat- Why call them Muatilat- Abu Ali Al Jubae- Jabariyat, Qarmatians- Murjiyat-Ilmul Kalam- Ashariat- Acceptance of the Ideologies of Kullabi- Abul Hasan Al Ashari, Maturidi
Unit:3 Credit:1
Sufism- Imam Shafie, Ibn Kathir, Ibn Qayyim, Hafiz Dhahabi and Hafiz Muzni against Sufism- Role of Fatimiyya- Ghaus, Qutb, Nujabae, Important Silsilas- Qadiri- Chishti- Naqshabandi-Suhrawardi- Shadhili- Tijaniyah- Bektash- Oveyssi.
UNIT-4 Credit-I
Ahmadiyah- Mahdavism, Nation of Islam, Submitters, Rashad Khalifah, Druze, Babism- Bahaism- Quraniyoorn- Dajjal.
Books for Reference:
1. Ahmad, Galwash(1973) The Religion of Islam, Doha
2. Ahmad, Nafis (1945) Muslim Contribution to Geography, Delhi
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3. Al-Baladhuri (1959) Ansab-al-Ashraf, Cairo
4. Al-Bukhari, (1962) Al Sahih, Lahore
5. Al- Masudi (1894) Al-Tanbih-wal-Ishraf, Leiden.
6. Al-Masudi (1927) Muruj-al-Dhahab wa Ma’adin al Jawhar, Cairo.
7. Al-Mawaridi (1960) Kitab-al Adkam us Sulltania, Cairo.
8. Al-Muslim ibn Hajjaj (1929) Al Sahih, Egypt.
9. Al-Tabari, (1939) Tarikh-ul Umam wal Mulk, Egypt
10. Al-Tabari, (1961) Tarikh-ul Rusul wal Mulk, Cairo
11. Al- Asadi, M, Ubaidullah, (1922) Usulul Fiqh, Karachi
12. Ali, S. Ameer: (1953) The Spirit of Islam, London
13. Ali, S. Ameer (1971) A short History of the Saracens, Cambridge.
14. Ali, S. Ameer (1990) Early Islam, Edinburgh.
15. Ali, S, Ameer (n.d) Islamic Culture.
16. Arnold, T.W (1958) The Preaching of Islam, Lahore
17. Arnold, T.W (1965) The Caliphate, Oxford
18. Burton, Richard F (n.d) Collection of Quran
19. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest ed.) Leiden
20. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Ed.) New York
21.Faruqi, I R and Faruqi L.L (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam, London
22.Guilame, Alfred (n.d) The traditions of Islam
23. Hameedulla, M (1959) Introduciton to Islam, Paris
24. Hitti, Philip K (1970) History of the Arabs, Mcmillan, London
25. Ibn Khaldun (1932) Mukaddima, Cairo
IS 2C 08 INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Unit:1 Credit:1
Development of Philosophy- Role of Greek, Persian and Indian Philosophy- Eminent philosophers in the Muslim world and their thoughts, Al kindi, Farabi, Ibn Sina, Gazzali, Ibn
18
Bajjah, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Maymun, Ibn Maymun, Ibn Arabi, Ibn Khaldun, Ikhwan al Safa
Unit:2 Credit:1
Development of Medicine- Public Hygiene- Important Hospitals- Important Physicians and their Contributions- Yuhannna Ibn Masawayh- Hunayn Ibn Ishaq, Jibril Ibn Bakhtishu- Sinan Ibn Thabith Ibn Qurrah- Ali Al Tabari- Al Razi, Al Majusi, Ibn Sina, Al Zahrawi, Ibn Zuhr- Ali Mawsili- Ibn al Nafis
Unit: 3 Credit:1
Botany- Important Botanist- Alchemy- Zoology- Physics- Ibn al Haythm: the father of Optics- Geography, Important Geographers and their contributions- Mathematics and Astronomy; Art and Architect, Calligraphy, Education, Important Libraries- Translation Bureaus- Educational Institution and Universities in the Middle Ages.
Unit:4 Credit: 1
Muslim Historiography- Geneology, Qur’an- Hadith as a source- Sirah- maghazi, Tabaqat- Important Muslim historians and their contributions- Al Tabari- Baladuri- Masudi- Ibn al Athir, Kallikan- Abul Fida- Al Dhahabi- Al Magrizi- Ibn Khaldun- Al Suyuti.
Books Recommended:
Ahmad, Galwash(1973) The Religion of Islam, Doha
Ahmad, Nafis (1945) Muslim Contribution to Geography, Delhi
Al-Baladhuri (1959) Ansab-al-Ashraf, Cairo
Al-Bukhari, (1962) Al Sahih, Lahore
Al- Masudi (1894) Al-Tanbih-wal-Ishraf, Leiden.
Al-Masudi (1927) Muruj-al-Dhahab wa Ma’adin al Jawhar, Cairo.
Al-Mawaridi (1960) Kitab-al Adkam us Sulltania, Cairo.
Al-Muslim ibn Hajjaj (1929) Al Sahih, Egypt.
Al-Tabari, (1939) Tarikh-ul Umam wal Mulk, Egypt
Al-Tabari, (1961) Tarikh-ul Rusul wal Mulk, Cairo
Al- Asadi, M, Ubaidullah, (1922) Usulul Fiqh, Karachi
Ali, S. Ameer: (1953) The Spirit of Islam, London
Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest ed.) Leiden
Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Ed.) New York
Faruqi, I R and Faruqi L.L (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam, London
19
Guilame, Alfred (n.d) The traditions of Islam
Hameedulla, M (1959) Introduciton to Islam, Paris
Hitti, Philip K (1970) History of the Arabs, Mcmillan, London
Ibn Khaldun (1932) Mukaddima, Cairo
Ikram, S.M (1964) History of muslim civilization, New York
Iqbal, Mohammed (1971) Reconstruction of religious thought in Islam, Lahore
Khan, Qamarudheen (1985) The political thought of Ibn Taymiah, Islamabad
Mahdi, Muhsin (1957) Ibn Khaldun’s philosophy: a study in the foundations of the science of culture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Maududi, S.A.A (1988) Islimi Riyasat, Lahore
Muslehuddin, M (n,d) The philosophy of Islamic law and the Orientalists.
SEMESTER- 3
IS 3C 09 ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE
Unit: 1 Credit I
The sciences of Qur’an- Revelation, Kalam Allah- Brief History of the Compilation of the Qur-an- Ilmul Qira-ah- Ilm al Asbab al Nuzul- Major classical mufassirin and significance of their works- Al Tabari, Qurtubi, Ibn Kathir, Al Baydhawi.
Unit:2 Credit:1
The Sciences of Hadith- Subject Matter and Transmission, Compilation of Hadith- Categories of Hadith- Some Important narrators- Abu Hurairah- Hazrat Aisha, Amr Ibn al Aas, Anas Ibn Malik, Compilers of Hadith- Imam Malik, Ahmad Ibn Hambal- Bukhari- Muslim- Abu Dawud- Ibn Majah- Tirmidhi- Nasa’ai- Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Nasir al Din al Albani
Uni:3 Credit:1
Fiqh:- Meaning, Definitions, Importance, Usul al fiqh- Al Kitab- Al sunnah- Al-Ijmae’ Sahabat- Al Qiyas- Development of Islamic Law- Rise of Sects and its effect on fiqh- Ahlul Hadith and Ahlul Ra’y
Unit:4 Credit 1
The Schools of Thought- Hanafi School-Maliki School- Shafie school- Hanbali School- Shia Schools- The difference between Taqleed and Itibae Sunna.
20
Books for Reference:
Al- Azadi, M. Ubaidulla( 1922) Usul al fiqh, Karachi
Al- Azami, M.M (2003) The history of the Qur-anic Text from revelation to compilation, Islamic academy, Leicester
Al Hilali, Mohammed Taqi ud ddin and Khan, Mohammed muhsin (1996) Interpretation of the meaning of the noble Qur an, Riyad
Ali, S. Ameer: (1953) The spirit of Islam, London
Ameenul Ahsan Mufti (1962) Tarikh al Fiqh, Delhi
Bhat, Abdul Rasheed (1996) Political thought of Shah Waliyullah, Delhi.
Encyclopedia of Islam (latest ed.) Leiden
Encyclopedia of Britanica (latest ed.) New York
Farooqi, I R and Farooqi LL (1986) The cultural Atlas of Islam, London
Faruqi, kamal A (1962) Islamic Jurisprudecne, Karachi
Fayzee, AAA (1953) Outlines of Muhammedan Law, Oxford
Hasan, Ahmed (1953) Early Developments of Islamic Jurisprudence
Hitti, Philip K (1970) History of the Arabs, Macmillan, London
Hussain, M. Hadi (Tr) (1995) Imam Abu Hanifah, new Delhi
Ibn Khaldun (1932) Mukaddimah, Cairo
Ibn Khaldun (n.d) Kitab al Ibar
Iqbal, Mohammed (1971) Construction of religious thought in Islam, Lahore
Jalbani, G,N (1988) Teaching of Hazrat Shah Valiyullahi, New Delhi.
Khadduri, Majid (Tr) (nd) Islamic Jurisprudene
Khan, Kamaruddin (1985) The political thought of Ibn Taymiah, Islamabad
Mahmood, tahir (1987) Personal Law in Islamic Countries, New Delhi.
Maududi, S.A,A (1963) Towards understanding Islam, Lahore
Maududi, S.A.A (nd) Islamic Law and Constitution, Lahore
IS 3C 10 - ISLAM IN INDIA
Unit-1 Credit I
Indo-Arab Trade Links before the Rise of Islam- Invasion of Sind by Muhammed Ibn Qasim- The Gazanavids and Ghoris- Delhi Sultanate- Balban- Alauddin Khilji- Muhammed Ibn
21
Tughlaq- Firoz Shah Tughlaq- Causes of decline- Administration- Society- Amir Khusru- Ziaudin Barani
Unit 2 Credit:1
The Mughal Emphire- Babar, Sher shah, Shah Jahan , Aurangzib- Downfall of Mughals- Mansabdari system- Indo Islamic Architect- Influence of Islam on Indian Society- Historiography.
Unit:3 Credit:1
Muslims against the British Rule- Hyder Ali, Tippu Sulthan- Navab Siraju Dawla- Rohillas- The Wahhabi Movement- The Fara’adi movement- The revolt of 1857
Unit:4 Credit:1
Islam in Kerala- Origin and spread- Mappilas against the Portuguese- Kunjali marakkars- Ali Rajas of Kannur- Mappilas against British Imperialism- Social and Religious Resurgence-
Books recommended:
1. Ashraf, K.M (nd) Life and Condition of the People of Hindustan,
2. Basham, A.L (1954) The wonder that was the India, New York
3. Cambridge History of India (n,d) Cambridge
4. Encyclopedia of Islam (Latest Ed.) Leiden
5. Encyclopedia of Britanica (latest ed.) New YorK
22
6. Habeebullah, A.B.M (1945) The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India, Allahabad.
7. Hardy, Peter (1960) The Historians of Medieval India, London
8. Hussain, Agha Mehdi (nd) Muslim rule in India
9. Hussain, Agha Mehdi : The Rise and Fall of Muhammed Ibn Thuglaq
10.Iqram, S.M and Rashid (1961) History of Islam Civilization in India, Lahore.
11.Iqram, S.M (nd) History of Muslim Civilization
12.Iqram, S.M (nd) History of Muslim Rule in India
13.Islam R (2002) Sufism in South Asia, O U P, Karachi
14. Khan, Zulfikarali (nd) Sher Shah
15. Lal, K.S (nd) Khelji Dynasty
16. Mirza, Vaheed (nd) Life and Work of Amer Khusru
17.Nazim, Mohammed (nd) Mahmood of Ghazna
18.Nizami, Khalik Ahammed (1901) Some aspects of religion and politics in India
IS 3C 11 THE OTTOMANS AS WORLD POWER
Unit:1 Credit:1
Origin and Growth of Ottoman Power- The Ghazi societies of Asia Minor- The Decline of the Byzantine Empire- Golden age of the Ottomans- Murad II, Muhammed II and conquest of Constantinople- Bayazid II- Salim I and Assumption of Caliphate.
Unit: 2 Credit:1
23
Sulaiman the magnificent- Ottoman Expansion- Administration, Economy- social Institutions- Art and Architecture- Millat Systems- Role of Ulama- Yanicheri- The Decline of the Dynasty
Unit:3 Credit:1
The Tanzimat Reforms- Abdul Hameed- Young Turk Revolution of 1908- I world war- Formation of the Secular Republic of Turkey- Mustafa Kamal Attaturk- His Anti Islamic Policies
Unit:4 Credit:1
Egypt under the Ottoman power- Mamluk’s control- Napoleon’s Conquest- Mohammed Ali and the Rise of Modern Egypt- The Construction of Suez Canal
Books for Reference:
1. Bernard Lewis: The Emergence of Modern Turkey
2. E.F.Knight: Turkey’s awakening
3. Edward S Creasy: History of the Ghoman Turks
4. Kenel H. Harpet: Turkey’s Politics
5. Lane Poole S: Turkey
6. PM Holt & Others: Cambridge History of Islam
7. Pani Wittek: The Rise of the Ottoman Empire
8. Philip Price: A History of Turkey
9. S.N. Fisher: The Middle East
24
IS 3E 01 -: REVIVALIST MOVEMENT IN ISLAM (Elective)
Unit:1 Credit:1
Meaning and Concept of Revivalism (Tajdeed)- Difference between Revivalism and Modernism- History of Islamic Revivalism- Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz- Imam Ahmed Ibn Hambal- Ibn Taimiyah- Muhammed Ibn Abdul Wahab and Muwahhidun
Unit:2 Credit:1
Al Sanusi and Sanusiyah movement- Jamaludheen Afghani and Pan Islamism- Shaik Hasanul Bannah and Ikhwanul Muslimun- Mawdudi and Jama’t e Islami- Salafi Movement
Unit 3 Credit:1
Muhammed Abduh- Muhammed Rashid Ridah and Al Manar- Prince Saeed Haleem Pasha- Mahdi Sudani- Sayyid Qutb- Ali Shariati- Ayatullah Qumaini and the Shia Revolution.
Unit:4 Credit:1
Arab Nationalism- Abdul Rahman Al Kawakibi- Arab League- Muslim World League (Rabita)
Books for Reference:
1. Agwani, M. S. (1986) Islamic Fundamentalism in India, Chandigarh.2. Ahmad, Aziz (1964) Studies in Islamic Culture in Indian Environm e nt. Oxford.3. Ahmad. Aziz (1967') Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan, 1857-1964.
Oxford.4. Ahmad, Qeyamuddin (1966) The Wahabi Movem e nt in India, Calcutta.5. Ali, Muhammad (1946) Mv Life: A Fragm e nt, Lahore.6. Baljon, J. M. S. (1964) The Reforms and Religious Ideas of Sir Syed Ahmcd
Khan, Lahore.7. Dar, B. A. (1957) Religious Thought of Sved Ahmed Khan, Lahore.8. Enc y clopa e dia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.9. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.10. Esposito, J. L. (199 U Islam the Straight Path, New York.
25
11.Esposito, J. L. (1991) Oxford Encyclopaedia of Modern Islamic World. New
York12. Esposito, J. L. (2005) Oxford Dictionar y of Islam, New York.13. Faruq'i, \. R and Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. London14. Ghazali, Zainab (1989) Da y s from M y Lif e . Delhi.15. Gibb, H. A. R. (1947) Modern Trends in Islam. Chicago.16. Haq, Mushirul (1970) Muslim Politics in Modern India 1857-1947. Meerut.17. Hitti, Philip K. (1970) Histor y of th e Arabs. Macmillan, London.18. Hourani, Albert (1969) Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. Oxford.19. Ikram, S. M. (1970) Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan. Lahore20. Khan, M. A. (n.d) A Histor y ofFaraidi Movement in Bengal. Dacca.21. Khan, Qamaruddin (1985) The Political Thought oflbn Tavmivah. Islamabad.22. Malik, Hafeez (ed.) Idbal: Poet Philosopher of Pakistan. New York.23. Mawdudi, S. A. A. Tajdid wa Ihya' Din. Islamic Publication, Lahore.24. May, L. S. (n.d) The Evolution Indo-Muslim Thought after 1857. 25. Mehr, Ghulam Rasul (n.d) Ahmed Shaheed, Ghulam Ali & Sons, Karachi.26. Mujeeb, Muhammad (1967) Indian Muslims, London.27. Qutb, Sayyid (1950) In the Shade of th e Our'an. New Delhi.28. Rizvi, S. A. A. (n.d) The Breakdown of Traditional Society.29. Robinson, F. (1975) Separatism among Indian Muslims (1860-1923).
Delhi.30. Sardar, Ziauddin (1979) The Future of Muslim Civilization. London.31. Shaikh, M.N.( 1982) Memoirs of Hasan al Banna Shaheed. Delhi.32. Smith, Wilfred Cantwell (1946) Modern Islam in India. London.33. Zaman, W (n.d) Iranian Revolution: A Profile.
IS 3 E 02- ISLAMIC ECONOMICS (Elective)
Unit:1 Credit:1
Objectives of Islamic Economics- Human Welfare- Eradication of Poverty and Abolition of Slavery- Economic references in Qur’an and Hadith- Positive and Negative aspects of Capitalism and Socialism- Economic Philosophy of Islam
Unit:2 Credit:1
Distribution of Wealth in Islam- Laws of Inheritance- Sakat, Kharaj, Ushr, Zakat al Fitr, Sadaquah, Aqiqah and Hady- Diyah- Fa’y and Ghanimah, Fidyah and Kaffarah- Mahr and Walimah.
26
Unit:3Credit:1
Islamic Banking- Mudaraba- Profit- Loss sharing- Interest free Banking- Riba, Its classification and Prohibition- Obstacles in Islamic Banking- Islamic Development Bank, Its Role and Functioning.
Unit:4 Credit:1
New Economic World order visualized by Islam- Mutual cooperation and Unity- Free movement of Commodities- The world without interest – Abolition of Unhealthy commercial practices- Human welfare and Environmental Protection – Economic Relations Beyond National Barriers and Opportunities for All.
Books for Reference:
1. Chapra, M. Umar (1979) Ob j ectives of the Islamic Economic Order. Leicester.2 Chapra. M. Umar (1979) The Islamic Welfare State and Its Role in the Economy.
Leicester.3. Enc y clopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.4. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.5 Faruqi, I. R and Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. London6. Hitti, Philip K. (1970) Histor y of the Arabs. Macmillan, London.7. Islamic Development Bank (n.d) Islamic Banking: State of the Art.
IslamicResearch and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, SaudiArabia.8. Islamic Development Bank (n.d) Lessons in Islamic Economics. (Vol 2), Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.9. Islamic Development Bank (n.d) Principles of Islamic Financing. Islamic Research and Training Institute,
Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.10. Kahf, M. (1978) Islamic Econom y . Indiana.11. Khan, Fahim M. (n.d) Economic Rationalit y of Islamic Banking. Proceedings of the Seminar on
Islamic Banking, The Islamic Foundation, Liecester, UK.12. Mannan M. A. (n.d) Islamic Economics: Theor y and Practice. The Islamic Academy, Cambridge.13. Mannan, M. A. (1975) Islamic Economics, Lahore.14. Mannan, M. A. (n.d) F inancing Development in Islam. Islamic Research and
27
Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
15 Mawdudi, S. A. A. (1989) Economic Problems of Man and Its Islamic Sol u tion. Delhi.16. Muslehuddin, Mohammad (1969) Insurance and Islamic Law. Islamic Book Service, New Delhi.17. Muslehuddin, Mohammad (1982) Economics and Islam. Delhi18. Muslehuddin, Mohammad (1993) Banking and Islamic Law. Islamic Book Service, New Delhi.19. Qasim b. Sallam, (1935) Kitab al Amwal, Cairo 20. Qudama b. Jafar Baghdad;, (1889) Kitab al Kharaj. Brill. 21. Qureshi, Anwar Iqbal (1974) Islam and the Theor y of Interest. Lahore. 22. Qutb, Sayyid (1950) In the Shade of the Our'an. New Delhi. 23. Outb. Sayyid (1970) Social Justice in Islam. New York. 24. Rehman, Afzal-ur (n.d) Economic Doctrines of Islam. Islamic Publications Limited, Lahore.25. Sadeq. A. H. M. (1995Hslamic Economics. Delhi.26. Siddiqi, Abdul Hameed (1969) The Origin and Development of Muslim Institutions, Karachi.27. Siddiqi, Mohammad Nejatullah (n.d) Banking without Interest .' 28. Siddiqi, Mohammad Nejatullah (n.d) Recent Theories of Prof i t. Bombay.29. Siddiqi, Muhammad Nejatullah (1970) Some As p ects of Islamic Econom y . Lahore.30. Siddiqi, Muhammad Nejatullah (1981) Muslim Economic Thinking. Leicester.31. Usmani, Dr M. Imran Ashraf(n.d) Meezan Bank's Guide to Islamic Banking. 32. Yaqub b. Ibrahim (1302 A. H.) Kitab al Kharaj. Cairo
IS 3 E 03-MUSLIMS AND INDIAN FREEDOM STRUGGLE (Elective)
Unit:1 Credit:1
Role of Ulama in the 1857 Revolt- Failure of 1857 Revolt and British Attempt of Muslims Genocide- British Policies towards Muslims- Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan and the progress of Muslim Education- Maulana Muhammed Qasim Nanutawi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi- Chiragh Ali- Altaf Husayn Hali
Unit:2 Credit:1
Rise of Muslim Nationalism- Foundation of Indian National Congress- Rise of Hindu Revivalist Movement- Urdu Defense Society- Muslim Education Conference- Partition of Bengal – Birth of Muslim League- Separate Electorate- Malabar Rebellion of 1921
28
Unit :3Credit:1
Jamiat ul Ulama, Khilafat Movement and non-co-operation movement- Gandhiji’s Policies- Communal Riots- Emergence of Jinnah- Congress Ministries of 1937- Deliverance Day observed by Muslims.
Unit :4 Credit:1
Iqbal’s Allahabad Address- Chandhary Rahmat Ali’s Scheme- Pakistan Resolution of 1940- Emergence of Muslim League as a strong political Entity- Creation of India and Pakistan- Role of British , Congress, Muslim League- Hindu organisations and Extremists in the Partition.
Books for Reference:
1. Allana, G. (1967) Quaid-i-Azam: The Stor y of a Nation. Lahore.2. Allana, G. (1968) ' Pakistan Movement: Historic Document, Karachi.3. Ambedkar, B. R. (1945) Pakistan or Partition of India, Bombay.4. Azad, Abul Kalam (1959) India Wins Freedom, New York.5. Aziz, K. K. (1968) Life and Works of Amir Ali, Lahore.6. Aziz, K. K. (1972) The Indian Khilafat Movement 1915-1933, Karachi.7. Aziz, K. K. (1988) The Making of Pakistan: A Study in Nationalism. New Delhi.8. Baljon, J. M. S.(1964) The Reforms and Religious Ideas of Sir Seyd Ahmad Khan 9. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.10. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.11. Faruqi, Ziya-ul-Hasan, (1963) The Deoband School and the Demand for Pakistan. New York.12. Gopal, Ram (1959) Indian Muslims: A Political History (1858-1947). Bombay.13. Graham, G. F. I. (1909) Life and Works of Sir Sved Ahmed Khan. London.14. Hamid, A. (1971) Muslim Separatism in India, Oxford.15. Hayat, Sikandar (1998) Aspects of the Pakistan Movement. Islamabad.16. Ikram, S. M. (1970) Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan. Lahore.17. Iqbal, Jawid (1971) Ideology of Pakistan. Lahore.
18..Jalal, Ayesha (1985) The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and theDemand for Pakistan, Cambridge.
19. Kaura, Lima (1977) Muslims and Indian Nationalism: Emergence of
29
the Demand for India's Partition, New Delhi.
20. Keith, A. B. (1937) Constitutional History of India. Oxford. 21. Malik, Hafeez. (1963) Muslim Nationalism in India and Pakistan. 22. Metcalf, Barbara Daly, (1982) Islamic Revival in British India: 23. Minault, Gail ((•972) The Khilafat Movement, New Delhi. 24. Nichols, Beverley (1944) Verdict on India. London. 25. Qureshi. 1. H. (n.d) The Struggle for Pakistan. Karachi. 26. Qureshi, L H. (n.d) UIema in Politics. 27. Sardar, Ziauddin (1979) The Future of Muslim Civilization. London.
28. Seervai, H. M. fl989) Partition ofjndia: Legend and Reality. Bombay.29. Shakir, Moin (1970) Khilafat to Partition. Delhi.30. Soomro, M. Q. (n.d) Muslim Politics in Sindh 1938-1947 Jamshoro.31. Waheed-uz-Zarnan and Saleem Akhtar, M. (1993) Islam ii South Asta, Islamabad.32. Wassey, Akhtarul (1978) Education of Indian Muslims: A Study of the All- India Mus l im
Ed u cational Conferenc e 1886-1947. New Delhi.33. Wolpert, Stanley (1984) Jinnah of Pakistan. New York.34. Yusuf, K. F. (1990) Pakistan Reso.ution Revisited. Islamabad.35. Zaman, W. (1978)) Towards Pakistan. Lahore.
SEMESTER 4
IS 4 C 12 ISLAMIC REVIVALIST MOVEMENT IN INDIA
Unit 1 Credit 1
Influence of Islam on Indian Culture- Thinkers and movements in Indain sub continent- Sayyid Ahmad Sir Hindi- Shah Waliullah- Shah Abdul Aziz- Shah Ismail- Sayyid Ahmad Berelwi and Mujahideen- Haji Shariatullah and Faraidi Movement- Titu Muyan- Inayat Ali and Wilayat Ali
Unit 2 Credit 1
Sayyid Ahmad Khan and Aligarh Movement- Ali Brothers and Khilafat movement- Mawdudi and Jamat-e-islami- Jam-i-yathul Ulama-e-Hind, Ahle Hadith- Tableegh Jama’at
30
Unit 3 Credit:1
Centres of Islamic Learning- Aligarh Muslim University- Jamia Millia- Nadwathul Uloom- Darul Uloom Deoband- Jamiya Salafiyya, Banaras.
Unit 4 Credit 1
Thinkers- Allama Iqbal- Abul Kalam Azad- Inayathullah Mashriqi- Abdul Hasan Ali Nadwi- Chalilakath Kunjahammed Haji- Makti Thangal- Shaik Hamadani Thangal- Vakkam Moulavi- K.M.Moulavi
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Abu Sulayman, Abdul Hamid (1993) Crisis in the Muslim Mind, International Institute for Islamic Thought, Herndon, Virginia.
2. Abu Su/ayman, Abdul Hamid (1993) Towards an Islamic Th e or y international Relations: New Dir e c ti ons for Methodolog y and Thought, International Institute for Islamic Thought, Herndon, Virginia.
3. Ahmed, Akbar S. (1992) Postmodernism and Islam: Pr e dicam e nt and Promis e . Routledge, London.
4. Ahmed, Akbar S. (1993) Living Islam: From Samarkand to Stornoway. BBC Books, London. 5. Ahmed, Akbar S. (2002) Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim Histo r y and Cultur e
Routledge, London. 6. Ahmed, Akbar S. (2003) Islam under Siege, Vistaar, New Delhi. 7. Ahmed, Akbar S. and Donnan Hastings (ed.) (1994) Islam, Globalisation and Postmodernity,
Routledge, London. 8. Ahmed, M.J. (2002) The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict between Islam and Christianity,
Routledge, London. 9. Ali, Tariq (2002) The Clash of F u ndamentalisms: Crusad e s, Jihads and Modernity, Verso, London and New York.10. Ali, Tariq (2006) Bush in Babylon. Leftword. New Delhi.11. Armstn ng, Karen (2000) The Battl e for God: Fundamental i sm in Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
HarperCollins, London.12. Creasy, Edward (1961) History of the Ottoman Turks. Beirut.
31
IS 4 C 13- THE ARAB WORLD AFTER I WORLD WAR
Unit:1 Credit 1
Saudi Arabia-Arabian Peninsula as Ottoman Territory- Sharif Husayan as Khalifa- Mohammed Ibn Abdul Wahab- First Saudi State- Second Saudi State.
Unit:2 Credit 1
The Third Saudi State- Treaty of Jeddah- Discovery of Oil- Treaty of Taif- Ibn Saud- Faisal , Khalid, Fahad, Abdullah,- Foreign policy, Law and Order- King: as the custodian of the two Holy cities- Relations with the Muslim World.
Unit 3 Credit 1
The Palestine Problem- Zionism- Establishment of Israel- Arab-Israeli Conflict- Palestine Liberation Organization- Hamas- Intifada- Oslo Accord and Palestine Authority- Yasar
Arafat.
32
Unit 4 Credit 1
Fertile Crescent under mandate- Hashimite kingdom of Jordan- Role in the Arab Israel Conflict- Lebanan: role in the Arab –Israel conflict- Hisbullah- Syria, Ba’ath Party- Role in the Arab-Israel Conflicts.
Books for Reference
1. Ali, Tariq (2002) The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusad e s. Jihads and Modernity, Verso, London and New York.
2. Antonier, George (1953) Th e Arab Awakening, London.3. Bangash, T. (1994) Iran - Ira q Relations, Peshawar.4. Cambridge History of Iran (1968) Cambridge.5. Clot, Andre (n.d) Life and Times of Suleiman the Magnifident, Saqi Books. London.6. Creasy, Edward (1961) Histor y of th e Ottoman Turks. Beirut.7. Enc y clopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.8. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.9. Esposito, John L. (1992) The Islamic Threat: M y th or R e alit y ? Oxford University Press, New York.10. Esposito, John L. (2002) Unhol y War: Terror in the Name of Islam. Oxford University Press, New York.11. Eversley, Lord (1959) The Turkish Empire, Lahore.12. Faruqi, I. R and Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. London13. Fisher, S. N. (1960) The Middle East: A History. Lahore.14. Frye, Richard N. (1951) The Near East and the Great Powers. Cambridge.15. Gibb, H.A.R. & Bowen H. (1950) Islamic Societ y and the West. London.16. Gibbon, E. (1886) Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, London.17. Gibbon, H. A. (1916) The Foundation of the Ottoman Em p ire. Oxford.18. Hiro, Dilip (2002) War without End, Routledge, London.19. Hitt'i, Philip K. (1970) Histor y of the Arabs. Macmiilan, London.20. Huntington, Samuel P. (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the R e making of
Wor l d Ord e r. Simon and Schuster, New York.21. Izetbegovic, AlijaAli (1993) Islam between East and West. American Trust
Publications, Indianapolis.22 .Jybcr, A. H. (1913) The Government of the Ottoman of the Time ofSulcvman th e Magnificent, Cambridge.
33
23. Kirk, George E. (1960) A Short History of Middle East from the Rise of Islam to Mod e rn Tim e s, New York.24. Lane Poole, Staneley (n.d) Turk e y. Lahore.25. Lenezowsky, George (1967) The Middle East in World affairs. New York.26. Lewis, Bernad (1998) The Multiple Identities of the Middle East. Schocken Books,New York.27. Lewis, Bernard, (1968) The Emergence of Modern Turkey. Oxford.28. Marlow (1960) Arab Nationalism and British Imperialism, London.29. Pehlvi, M. Raza (n.d) The Shah's Story (An Autobiograph y ), London.30. Said, Edward W. (1978) Orientalism. Penguin Books, New York.
36. Shaw, Stanford J. (1976) Histor y of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turke y , Vol. 1. (1280-1808), Cambridge University Press.37. UNESCO (n.d) History of th e Wo r ld Vol.1 - V. 38. Unsal, Behcet Turkish Islamic Architecture. London, 1959.39. Wilber, Donald N. (n.d) Iran: Past and Present.40. Zaman, W. (n.d) Iranian R e volution: A Pro fil e.
IS 4 C 14-- ISLAM IN MODERN WORLD
Unit: 1 Credit:1
Afro-Americans- Negro Ghettos in North America- Black Muslims of America- Origin and spread- The Moorish science Temple- Nation of Islam and Elija Muhammad – Malcolm X- Transition to Islamic Mainstream- Islamic Society of North America- (ISNA)- International Institute for Islamic Thought (IIIT)
Unit 2 Credit 1
America and Modern World- The media war against Islam- Jewish/Zionist control of Global Media and Hollywood- Islamophobia- Freemasonry- The collapse of Twin Towers of world Trade Centre and its effects- policies of Obama
Unit 3 Credit 1
The Muslims of Central Asia- Position of Muslims under Czarist Regime- Central Asia on the eve of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.- Basmachi movement and Enver Pasha- Socio- economic and Religio-cultural condition in the Soviet Republics- Emergence of Independent Muslim states- The struggle in Chechnya
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Unit 4 Credit 1
The Maghrib- Morocco- French Protectorate- Ghazi Abdul Karim- Isthiqlal Party- Independence- Polisario Movement- The F.L.N. Lybiya- The Sanusi movement –British Occupation- Transition under Ghaddafi.
Books for Reference
1. Dani. A. H. (2002) Central Asia Today2. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.3. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.4. Esposito, John L. (1992) The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? Oxford University Press, New York.5. Esposito, John L. (2002) Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam. Oxford University Press, New York.6. Eversley, Lord (1959) The Turkish Empire. Lahore.7. Faruqi, I. Rand Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. London8. Fukuyama, Francis (1998) The End of History and the Last Man. Bard, New York.9. Fukuyama, Francis (2006) America at the Crossrroads: Democracy, Power and the Neoconservative Legacy, Yale University Press.10. Gibb, H.A.R. & Bowen H. (1950) Islamic Society and the West. London.11. Gibbon H. A. (1916) The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire, Oxford.12. Haley, Alex (n.d) The Auto Biography ofMalcolm-X.13 Hii-o, Dilip (2002) War without End. Routledge, London.14. Hitti, Philip K. (1970) History of the Arabs, Macmillan, London.15. Huntington, Samuel P. (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon and Schuster, New York.16. Ibn Khaldun (1969) The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History, translated by Franz Rosenthal,
Princeton University Press, Princeton.17. Izelbegovic, Alija Ali (1993) Islam Between East and West. American Trust Publications, Indianapolis. 18. Khan, M. A. Muqtedar, (2002) American Muslims: Bridging Faith and Freedom. Amana Publications, Beltsville, Maryland.19. Lewis, Bernad (1998) The Multiple Identities of the Middle East. Schocken Books. New York.20. Mohamed, Mahathir (2001) Islam and the Muslim Ummah, Prime Minister's Office, Putrajaya, Malaysia.21. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2002) The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values of Humanity. HarperSan
Francisco, New York.
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22. Rashid, Ahmed (2000) Talibart: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in
CentralAsia. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.23. Said, Edward W. (1978) Orientalism. Penguin Books, New York.24. Said, Edward W. (1993) Culture and Imperialism. Chatto and Windus,
London.25. Sardar, ^iauddin (1979) The Future of Muslim Civilization. London.26. Sardar, ^.iauddin and Davies, Merryl Wyn (2002) Why Do People Hate America Icon Books Limited,
Cambridge.
27. Segesvary, Victor (2000) Dialogue of Civilizations: An Introduction to Civilizational Analysis, United Press of America, Lanham, Maryland.28. Shaw, Stanford J. (1976) History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Vol. 1. (1280-1808),
Cambridge University Press.29. Zakaria, Fareed (2003) The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home. Viking Books, New
York.
IS 4 E 01- MUSLIM WORLD IN MODERN TIMES (Elective)
Unit 1 Credit:1
The muslim world at the end of 19th century- Ottoman empire at the Receiving End. The rise of nationalism- Pan-Turkism- Zia Gokalp- Pan-Islamism- Turkish war of Liberation- Birth of Turkish Republic- Post Kamalist Turkey- Islamic Revival
Unit 2 Credit:1
Egyptian Nationalism- Col. Ahmad Arabi- British Occupation of Egypt- Sa’d Zaghlul – The Wafd Party- The Ikhwanul Muslimun- Military Coup of 1952- Formation of Egyptian Republic- Nationalization of Suez Canal- Gamal Abdul Nasar- Egypt- Israel War- Camp David Accord- Islamic revival
Unit 3 Credit 1
Anglo- Russian Imperialism in Iran- Muzaffaruddin Shah- Establishment of Pahlavi Dynasty- Muhammed Riza Shah Pahlavi- Muhammed Musadaq- Nationalisation of Oil
Industry- Revolution under Ayathulllah Qumayni- Ahmed Najad.
Unit 4 Credit:1
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World War I and British Mandate over Iraq- King Faisal- British Occupation- Military Coup of 1958- Saddam Hussayn- Confrontation of Iraq with Iran, Kuwait and America- American Occupation-Unending Civil War.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Abu Sulayman, Abdul Hamid (1993) Crisis in the Muslim Mind, International Institute for Islamic Thought, Herndon, Virginia.
2. Abu Su/ayman, Abdul Hamid (1993) Towards an Islamic Th e or y international Relations: New Dir e c ti ons for Methodolog y and Thought, International Institute for Islamic Thought, Herndon, Virginia.
3. Ahmed, Akbar S. (1992) Postmodernism and Islam: Pr e dicam e nt and Promis e . Routledge, London.
4. Ahmed, Akbar S. (1993) Living Islam: From Samarkand to Stornoway. BBC Books, London. 5. Ahmed, Akbar S. (2002) Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim Histo r y and Cultur e
Routledge, London. 6. Ahmed, Akbar S. (2003) Islam under Siege, Vistaar, New Delhi. 7. Ahmed, Akbar S. and Donnan Hastings (ed.) (1994) Islam, Globalisation and Postmodernity,
Routledge, London. 8. Ahmed, M.J. (2002) The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict between Islam and Christianity,
Routledge, London. 9. Ali, Tariq (2002) The Clash of F u ndamentalisms: Crusad e s, Jihads and Modernity, Verso, London and New York.10. Ali, Tariq (2006) Bush in Babylon. Leftword. New Delhi.11. Armstn ng, Karen (2000) The Battl e for God: Fundamental i sm in Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
HarperCollins, London.12. Creasy, Edward (1961) History of the Ottoman Turks. Beirut.
IS 4E 02 – ISLAMIC POLITICAL THOUGHT (Elective)
Unit 1 Credit 1
Islamic Principles of State and Society- Prophethood and Khilafat – The structure of Islamic Government – Difference between Nationality and Islamic Brother Hood- Rights of a Ruler in the Islamic State- Duties of Citizens to the Ruler- Walae’, Barae’
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Unit 2 Credit:1
Functions and Objectives of an Islamic State,-Objectives of Armed Jihad-Conditions of Jihad, The importance of Islamic Shariat- Allah- The Law giver- Difference Between Khilafat and Mulukiyat- Role of Ulama in the State.
Unit 3 Credit 1
The Shia Concept of Imamat and Khilafat – Principles of Ahlusunnah on the matter of khilafat- The Importance of Baia’t- Thoughts of Ahmed Ibn Hanbal- Ibn Taymiyyah on relations concept of the ideal society.
Unit: 4 Credit 1
A critical study of Tauhidul Hakimiyat of Abul Ala Maududi- His conepts on Deen- Ibadat- Rabb- Ilah- Political ideologies of Hasan al Banna and Sayyid Qutub.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Ahmad, Aziz (1967) Islamic Mod er nism in India and Pakistan, 1857-1964. Oxford. ,2. Ahmed, Sayed Riaz (1976) Maulana Maududi and Islamic State. Lahore.3. Ali.S. Ameer (1953) The Spirit of Islam. London.4. Arnold. T. W.(1981) The Legacy of Islam. Oxford.5. Bhat, Abdul Rashid (1996) Political Thought of Shah Wali-u Allah. Delhi6. Black, Antony (2003) Th e Histor y of Islamic Political Thought, Edinburgh.7. Charles (1955) An Arab Philosoph y of History. London.8. Enc y clopaedia of Is l am (Latest Edition), Leiden.9. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.10.Esposito, J. L. (1991) Islam the Straight Path. New York.11.H.Esposito, J. L. (1991) Oxford Enc y clopaedia of Mod e rn Islamic World Islam.New York.12. Esposito, J. L. (2005) Oxford Dictionary of Islam. New York13. Faruqi, I. R and Faruqi, L. L. (1986) Th e Cultural At l as of Islam. London14. Hitti, Philip K. (1970) Histor y of the Arabs. Macmillan, London.15. Ibn Khaldun (1969) The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History, translated by Franz Rosenthal,
Princeton University Press, Princcton.16. Iqbal, Muhammad (1971) Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Lahore.17. Jalbani, G. N. (1988) Teachings ofHazrat Shah Waliyullah , New Delhi.18. Khan, Qamaruddin (1985) The Political Thought of Ibn Taymiyah. Islamabad.19. Mahdi, Muhsin (1957) Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy: A Study in the Foundation of th e Sci e nc e of Cultur e ,
University of Chicago Press, Chicago
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20. McDonald, D. B. (1963) Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitution a list Th e ory, Lahore.
21. Muttahari, Murtaza (1985) Societ y and History, Tehran.22. Nasr, Seyyid Hossein (1964) Three Muslim Sages, Cambridge: 1964.23. Nasr, Seyyid Hossein (1966) Ideals and Realities in Islam, London.24. Nasr, Seyyid Hossein (1970) Scienc e and Civilization in Islam, New York.25. Rosenthall, E. I. J. (1962) Political Thought in the Medieval Islam. Cambridge.26. Sardar, Ziauddin (1979) Th e Future of Muslim Civilization. London.27. Siddiqi, Abdul Hamecd (1969) The Origin and Development of Muslim Institutions, Karachi.
28. Zakaria, Rafiq (1993) Iqbal: The Poet and the Politician. New Delhi
IS 4 E 03 – MUSLIM HISTORIOGRAPHY(Elective)
Unit: 1 Credit:1
Influence of Islam on the Development of Historical consciousness- Muslim Historical Materials- Inscriptions of Epigraphs- Dam of Ma’arib- The Torah and New Testament- Ayyamul Arab- Diwan al Arab-Poetical Traditions in Islamic period- Qur-an- Hadith- Genealogy- Khabar- Tabaqat- Seerah- Maghazi- Taniq (annals)
Unit 2 Credit 1
Major Muslim Historians- Ibn Ishaq- Al Waqidi- Ibn Hisham- Ibn Sa’d- Al Tabari- Al Baladhuri- Al Masudi- Miskawayh- Al Katib al Baghdadi- Ibnal Athir- Ibn Kallikan- Abul Fida- Al Dhahabi- Ibn al Khatib-Al Magrizi- Al Suyuti
Unit 3 Credit 1
Arab Philosophy of History- Ibn Khaldun- His Life and works- Sociology and understand History- Nature of Society- Climatic conditions- Al Asabiya: Meaning and Implications- History as a cycle- ‘Al Umran’ science of human culture
Unit 4 Credit 1
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Origin and Development of Indo-muslim Historiography- Minhaj Siraj Jansjani- Amir Khusru- Ziauddin Barani- Sahiruddin Muhammed Babur- Abdul Qadir Badauni- Abul Fazl- Gulbadan Beegam- Farishta.
Books for Reference:
1. Al- Tabari (1939) Tarikh-ul Umam wal-Muluk. Egypt.2. Al- Tabari, (1961) Ta'rikh al Rusul wal Muluk. Cairo3. Ali, B. Sheikh (1978) Histor y : Its Theor y and Method, New Delhi.4. Ali. S. Ameer (1953) The Spirit of Islam. London.5. Ali, S. Ameer (1971) A Short Histor y of the Saracens. Cambridge.6. Ali, S. Ameer (1990) Earl y Islam. Edinburgh.7. Ali, S.Ameer (n.d) Islamic Culture.8. Ashraf, Syed All (1980) Koranic Concept of Histor y . England.9. Bloch, Marc (1959) The History. London.10. Carr, E.H. (1961) What is Histor y?. London.11. Charles (1955) An Arab Phi l oso p h y of History, London.12. Collingwood, R.G. (1906) The Idea of History. Oxford.13. Duri, A. H. (1979) The Rise of Historical Writing Among the Arabs. Delhi.14. Encyclopaedia of Islam (Latest Edition), Leiden.15. Encyclopedia Britannica (Latest Edition), New York.16. Faruqi, I. R and Faruqi, L. L. (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. London Flint(1969) Histor y of the Philoso p h y of Histor y . Edinburgh.17. Faruqi, Nizar Ahmed (1979) Earl y Muslim Historiograph y . Delhi.18. Galbraith, V.H. (n.d.) An Introduction to the Stud y of Histor y . London.28. Gawronsky, Donald V. (1969) Histor y : Meaning and Methods. USA.19. Hardy, Peter (1960) Historians of Medieval India. London.20. Hegel (1952) The Philosoph y of Histor y . New York.21. Hitti, Philip K. (1970) Histor y of the Arabs. Macmillan, London.22. Issawi, Charles (1955) An Arab Philosoph y of Histor y . London.23-Mahdi, Muhsin (1957) Ibn Khaldun's Philosoph y : A Stud y in the Foundation of the Science of Culture. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
24. Margolioth, D. S. (1930) Lectures on Arab Historians. Calcutta.25. Muttahari, Murtaza (1985) Societ y and History. Tehran.26. Phillips, C.H. (1961) The Historians of India, Pakistan and Ce y lon. London.27. Phillips, Ragby (Latest Edition) Culture and Histor y . California.28. Plankhanev, G. V. (1946) The Materia l istic Conception of Histor y . Moscow.29. Rasul, M. Ghulam (1968) Origin and Develo p ment of Muslim Historiogra p h y . Lahore.30. Rosentha), E. 1. J. (n.d) Histor y of Muslim Historio g ra p h y . Leiden.
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31. Shariati, Dr. Ali (1979) On the Sociolog y of Islam. Berkeley.
32. Siddiqi, Abdul Hameed (n.d) Interpret a tion of Histor y . Lahore33. Siddiqi, M. Mazheruddin, (1993) The Koranic Concept of History. Islamic Research Institute, Islamabad.34. Spenglar. Oswald (1954) Decline of the West, London.35. Stern, Alfred (1962) Philosoph y of Histor y and the Problem of Val u es. Hague.36. Thompson (1952) Histor y of Historical Writing. New York,37. Toynbee, Arnold (1947-51) A Stud y of Histor y , London.38. Walsh, W. H. (n.d) An Introduction to Philosoph y of Histor y .
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