M202A1 FLASH 66mm Incendiary Launcher

7/28/2019 M202A1 FLASH 66mm Incendiary Launcher

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66-MM ROCKET LAUNCHERM202Al

APRIL 1978

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.


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TRAINING CIRCULAR

No. 23-2 HEADQUARTERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYWashington, D.C., 7 April 1978

66-MM ROCKET LAUNCHERM202Al

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION

Section I. General

Section II. Description and Distribution

Chapter 2. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Section I. Preoperational Inspections

Section II. Engaging Targets

Section III. Misfires, Malfunctions, and Safety

Chapter 3. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING AND DESTRUCTION

Section I. Maintenance and TroubleshootingSection II. Destruction to Prevent Enemy Use

Chapter 4. TECHNIQUES OF FIRE AND EMPLOYMENT

Section I. Firing Positions

Section II. Employment

Appendix A References

Appendix B Training Program

Author ization


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WARNING

The M202A1 launcher is safe to load and f ire i f MWO 3-1055-456-50-2 has been applied. You can determine if MWO 3-1055-456-50-2has been made to your launcher by looking at the identificationplate located on the same side of the launcher as the sight. Iflauncher does not contain MWO 3-1055-50-2, it i s unsafe to fireunless f iring procedures outlined in Chapter 2, Change 3, TM 3-1055-456-12 are followed.

The word "he" or "his" in this publication is intended to include both the masculineand feminine genders and any exception to this will be so noted.

1. INTRODUCTION

Section I. GENERAL

1-1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This training circular provides guidance for use of the 66-mm rocket launcher,M202Al. It contains information on general characteristics, operating procedures,firing positions, misfire procedures, techniques of fire, maintenance, destructionof equipment to prevent enemy use, employment, and training.

1-2. RECOMMENDED CHANGES

Users of this training circular are encouraged to submit recommended changesand comments to improve the publication. Comments should be keyed to thespecific page, paragraph, and line of text in which the change is recommended.Reasons should be provided for each comment to insure understanding and

complete evaluation. Comments should be forwarded directly to theCommandant, United States Army Infantry School, ATTN: ATSH-I-V, FortBenning, Georgia 31905.


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Section II. DESCRIPTION AND DISTRIBUTION

1-3. CHARACTERISTICS

The M202Al is a lightweight, individual rocket launcher aimed and fired on theright shoulder, from the standing, kneeling, or prone position. The launcher isloaded with a clip which contains four rockets, and it can fire from one to fourrockets semiautomatically at a rate of one rocket per second and can bereloaded with a new clip. It is half as heavy as the M9Al-7 and M2Al-7 portableflamethrowers, has five times the range against point targets, and requires lessservicing and maintenance.

1-4. DISTRIBUTION

The M202Al rocket launcher is issued to the headquarters and headquarterscompany of the following units in the quantities shown:

TYPE UNIT AUTHORIZATION

Mechanized infantry 9

Infantry 9

Airborne infantry 6

Airmobile infantry 9

They are issued as needed, generally one per rifle platoon. There is no dedicatedgunner for the M202Al, and selected individuals in each rifle platoon and scoutplatoon should be trained in its use. The basic load for each launcher is threeM74 rocket clips.

1-5. CAPABILITIES

The M74 rocket is filled with 0.61 kilograms (1.3 lbs) of thickened pyrophoricagent (TPA). This TPA is triethylaluminum TEA), a substance similar to whitephosphorus, which burns spontaneously when exposed to air. It burns attemperatures between 1400-2200 degrees Fahrenheit. The M74 rocket is usedto engage area type targets, such as troops in the open, out to a maximum rangeof 750 meters and point type targets, such as bunkers or vehicles, out to amaximum range of 200 meters. The minimum safe firing distance to a target is 20


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meters. (The M74 rocket has a bursting radius of 20 meters; therefore, engagingtargets closer than 20 meters may result in injury to friendly troops.)

1-6. TABULATED DATA

a. M202Al Rocket Launcher (fig 1-1).

Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 kg(1 1.5 lb)

Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69cm (27.0 in)

Operating temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-32 degrees C to +60degrees C

(-25 degrees F to +140 degrees F)

Weight with full clip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2.09 kg(26.6 lb)

Length with clip extended. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 cm(34.75 in)

Range at which a 0.5 probability of an effectivetarget hit can be expected (firing one rocket clip):

Bunker aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..50 meters

Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..125 meters

Uncovered weapons positions and Stationary vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..200 meters

Squad-size troop formations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..500 meters

Maximum range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .750 meters

Minimum safe range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 meters

Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..single shot

Sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . reflex


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Figure 1-1. M202A1 rocket launcher with sling.


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b.M74 Rocket Clip (fig 1-2).

Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.86kg(15.1lb)

Length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 cm(21.5 in)

Storage temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -45degreesCto+60degreesC

(-40 degrees F to +140 degrees F)

Muzzle velocity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.5 meters

per second

Bursting radius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 meters

Arming radius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 to 1 3 meters (18 to 44 ft)

Caliber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66-mm

Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .incendiary


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Figure 1-2. M74 rocket c lip .


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2. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Section I. PREOPERATIONALINSPECTIONS

2-1. INTRODUCTION

Now that you are familiar with some of the basic characteristics and capabilitiesof the M202Al rocket launcher, you are ready to prepare the M202Al foroperation. However, before placing the launcher into operation, you shouldperform a preoperational inspection and function check.

2-2. PREOPERATIONAL INSPECTION

a. Visually inspect the exterior of the launcher for damaged, loose, ormissing parts; dents; cracks; separations; and loose fiberglass. Also,

check next to the data plate, on the left side of the launcher, to insure thatboth MWOs have been apphed. If so, there will be a number two (2)stamped after the MWO number. If not, turn the launcher in tomaintenance for application of the MWO.

b. Check the reflecting sight for defects such as dents and missing orloose parts. Insure that the sight lock (18, fig 1-1) can be placed into boththe firing and stowed positions. With the sight in the firing position, lift thelens cover. Sight through the lens and check for improper alignment of thereticle, obscured vision, or a broken reticle.

2-3. FUNCTION CHECK

After you have completed the exterior examination, you must perform a functioncheck.

a. Unfasten the latch on the rear dust cover and rotate the cover down.Insure the latch, hinge, and cover are serviceable.

b. Check the front cover trigger-handle interlock system as describedbelow:

(1) Unfasten the latch on the front dust cover (2, fig 1-1),rotate thefront cover handle (1, fig 1-1) outward until it stops, and rotate thefront cover down below the launcher tubes, applying sufficientpressure to -release the trigger-handle (14, fig 1-1) from itsretracted position.

NOTE: If the trigger-handle will not release, check to insure the front cover is ina fully locked position.


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(2) Pull the trigger-handle assembly down and lock it into position.

NOTE:The firing pins will not operate while the firing pin mechanism assemblyis in the retracted position.

(3) To prevent an accidental firing when pressing on the rocket clipto insure it is locked onto the firing pin housing, check that the firingpins do not extend more than I/8-inch past their -rubber seals.

c. To check the firing pin mechanism assembly (fig 2-1) and trigger safety(fig2-2), proceed with the following steps:

(1) Grasp the firing pin mechanism housing (4, fig 2-1) and fullyextend it from the launcher, holding it firmly. Do not allow the firingpin housing to rotate.

(2) Place the trigger safety to the rear (fire) position and pull thetrigger.

(3) Upon firing, the firing pin should protrude from the housing. Thismay be observed from the rear of the launcher.

(4) Move the trigger safety to the forward (safe) position. Pull thetrigger. The trigger should not operate.

(5) Retract the firing pin housing back into the launcher.

Figure 2-1. Firing pin mechanism assembly.


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Figure 2-2.Placing safety in the SAFE position.

d. Inspect the interior of the launch tubes for dents or cracks; raveled,frayed, or loose fiberglass; or visible signs of bums in any tube. Check forsand, dirt, or other foreign matter which could damage the rocket warheadwhen fired.

2-4. ROCKET CLIP INSPECTION

When satisfied with the inspection and functioning of the rocket launcher, inspectthe rocket clip for defects such as leaking rockets, loose warheads, bail not underspring tension, dented rocket canister, rust or corrosion, or other foreign mattersuch as sand or dirt. Insure the clip latch is present and each rocket has aretainer. If the clip latch (6, fig 1-2) is missing from the clip manifold (9, fig 1-2), aspare latch is stored in the rear cover of the launcher (10, fig 1-1).

Section II. ENGAGING TARGETS

2-5. LOADING

Once you are satisfied with the inspection of the rocket clip, you are then readyto load the launcher. The following procedures should be used in loading the clipinto the launcher.


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a. Place the trigger safety in the "SAFE" position (fig 2-2).

b. Position the launcher on the ground, resting on its (closed) front coverwith the front cover handle in the stowed position (fig 2-3).

c. Open the rear cover (5, fig1-1) by releasing rear-cover latch and rotate itdown and beneath the launcher.

d. Supporting the launcher with the left hand on the sight, partially insertthe rocket clip into the rear end of launcher tubes (with bail toward reardust cover) using rocket warheads as guides.

e. Grasp the end of clip support strap nearest two black snaps (3, fig 1-2)and pull it outward to remove the strap and spacers from the clip.

f. Once the support strap has been removed, depress the launcher clip

lock button (9, fig 1-1). This will allow you to fully insert the rocket clip intothe launcher. (You should hear a "click" as the clip latch locks onto thefiring pin assembly. If not, press firmly on the rear of the rocket clip; theclip latch should lock onto the firing pin assembly. To check, pull outwardon the bail. If the firing pin assembly remains attached to the clip latchmanifold, the firing pin assembly is locked in position.)


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Figure 2-3. Loading the clip into the launcher.

g. Make a manual and/or visual check to insure that the prongs of the cliplatch are fully seated in the clip attachment slot of the firing pin mechanismassembly (fig 2-4). The launcher is now loaded. If the launcher is not to be

fired right away, close and latch the rear cover, and the rocket system isready for you to carry until an appropriate target is available. With therocket clip in the forward position and the rear cover closed, the weapon isin a "safe" condition. Before you shoot the weapon, you must prepare it forfiring.


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Figure 2-4. Clip latch positioned for fir ing.

2-6. PREPARING WEAPON FOR FIRING

a. Open the rear cover, grasp the bail handle, and pull the rocketclip outward until it is fully extended and locked into position (youshould hear a "click" indicating the rocket clip is locked). Thenrelease the bail handle, insuring that it folds against the rear edgeof the clip in the downward position (fig 2-5).


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Figure 2-5. Preparing the weapon for firing.

b. Position the weapon on the right shoulder so that the rear coveracts as a shoulder rest in front of the right shoulder. Place the righthand under the launcher to support it, while using the left hand to

unlatch the front cover and rotate the handle outward until it stops.Then rotate the front cover down until it locks into position (fig 2-6).This action release the trigger handle assembly which is locatedbeneath the launcher. If the trigger handle assembly does notextend, pull it downward until it locks into position. The front dustcover must be held in the open position.


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Figure 2-6. Locking front cover into position.

NOTE:DO NOT attempt to pull trigger handle assembly down if front dustcover is not locked in the open position. To do so will prevent thedust cover from locking in the open position which will prevent theweapon from firing.

c. With thumb and forefinger, grasp the trigger-handle assemblyimmediately behind the locked front cover. Extend the trigger-handle, insuring it is fully seated in the firing position and the safetyswitch is in the SAFE position. Check the area to the rear of thelauncher to insure that all personnel, material, and obstructions thatwould interfere or present a safety hazard are clear of the reardanger zone. Paragraph 2-14 provides additional information onsafety. Next, extend the sight by depressing the sight lock, andmoving it to the rear detent position. Raise the protective lens coverand the launcher is ready to fire (fig 2-7).


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Figure 2-7. Launcher ready to fire.

2-7. SIGHTING EQUIPMENT AND AIMING

a. Reflecting sight assembly (fig 2-8). The sight is bore sighted atthe factory and by organizational maintenance personnel asnecessary. TM 31055-456-12 gives a detailed explanation of theprocedure used by organizational maintenance personnel for boresighting. The reflecting sight assembly consists of the--

(1) Sight. The reflection sight has a ladder type reticlepattern (fig2-9) with curved stadia lines on both sides of thevertical center line. Current sighting procedures do notrequire use of the stadia lines to obtain approximate targetdistance. Paragraph 2-8 discusses techniques of rangedetermination /estimation. The vertical range line isgraduated in 100-meter increments from 0 to 500 metersfrom the top to the bottom of the sight reticle. On either sideof the vertical range line are horizontal lead lines which aidthe gunner in engaging moving targets.

(2) Sight lock (11, fig2-8). The sight lock is a spring lock is aspring loaded arm used to lock the sight in either the stowedor firing position.

(3) Mounting plate (1, fig2-8). The mounting plate containsan elevation adjustment plate which has two notches forplacing the sight in the stowed or firing position. Also theplate allows adjustment to be made on the sight.


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Figure 2-8. Sight.

Figure 2-9. Sight and center vertical line.


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b. Selection of an aiming point.

(1) Point-type targets. The center of visible mass is theaiming point for point-type stationary targets (fig 2-10).

Figure 2-10. Aiming point for point-type stationary target.

(2)Area-type targets. When engaging area-type targets, the

weapon which poses the greatest threat should be engagedfirst. When the "greatest" threat is eliminated or does notexist, engage the target at the center of the near half of thetarget (fig 2-11).

Figure 2-11. Aiming point for area-type target.

c. Sight picture. A proper sight picture is obtained by centering thetarget within the sight reticle at the appropriate range. Figure 2-12depicts the sight picture for a stationary target at 150 meters.

Figure 2-12. Sight picture


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d. Applying lead. Each lead line or space represents 8 kph (5 mph)of apparent speed. Lead is applied to targets moving across thegunner's front. Determination of range and speed is discussed inparagraphs 2-8 and 2-9.

(1) Targets moving directly across the gunner's front (fig 2-13 and 2-14). Estimate the target's speed as either slow (8kph or less) or fast (9 kph or more). For slow moving targetslocate the proper range mark on the vertical range line,locate the lead line which is horizontal to the range mark,place one lead line distance on center of mass of the targetand fire. For fast moving targets use the same procedure asfor slow targets except that the lead line is placed on thefront leading edge of the target.

Be sure to select the left or right lead line which places the

vertical center line in front of the target.

NOTE:

Figure 2-13. Target moving acrossgunners Front(slow target).

Figure 2-14. Target moving acrossgunner's Front

(fast target)

(2) Target moving at an angle toward or away from thegunner (fig 2-15 and 2-16). If more of the vehicle's side isvisible than its front or rear, engage the target as if it weremoving directly across your front. The fast or slow speeddetermination will be based upon the target's speed straightacross your line of fire. If more of the front or rear is visible


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engage the target as if it were a slow target moving directlyacross your front.

Figure 2-15. Target moving at anangle Toward gunner (slow target)

Figure 2-16. Target moving at anangle toward gunner (fast target).

2-8. RANGE DETERMINATION.

The probability of hitting any target with the M202Al rocket launcher is greatlyincreased if the gunner actually knows the range of the target. It is important that

methods of range determination be taught and frequently used by all soldierswho may have to employ the M202AI. Some of the methods of determining therange to targets are rangefinders, measurement of the distance by mapinspection, intersection using compasses, pacing, use of direct fire weaponssuch as machineguns, or visual range estimation. Visual range estimation is theleast desirable method due to its inaccuracy; however, in the offense or in ahasty defense, it may be necessary to use this method. Therefore, all troopsshould receive training and frequent practice in the methods of visual estimationof range. Two methods are:

a.100-meter unit-of-measure method. To use this method, the

soldier must be able to visualize the number of 100-meterincrements on the ground between his position and the target. Amore detailed explanation of this method can be found in FM 23-9,para 6-8c (2) (a).

b. The appearance-of-objects method. It is often impossible to seeall of the terrain to the target, which makes it impractical to applythe 100-meterunit-of-measure method. Ranges must then be


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estimated by the appearance of-objects method. To use thismethod, the soldier, must learn through practice how familiar-objects look at various known ranges. For example, he studies theappearance of a man standing 100 meters away and fixes hisappearance firmly in mind--his size and the details of his uniform

and equipment. Next, he studies the man in a kneeling position,then in a prone position. This same procedure is followed at variousknown ranges out to 500 meters. By comparing the appearance ofthe man in these positions at known ranges, the soldier canestablish a series of mental images which will help him to estimaterange on unfamiliar terrain out to 500 meters. Training should alsoinclude the appearance of other familiar objects such as weaponsand vehicles. Factors which affect the appearance of objects areshown in table 2-1.

Table 2-1. Factors Affecting Range Estimation.

Factors to beconsidered inestimating range byeye.

Objects appear nearerthan they really are andranges areunderestimated.

Objects appear more distantthan they really are and rangesare overestimated.

The target: Itsclearness of outline anddetails.

When most of thetarget is visible andoffers a clear outline.

When only a small part of thetarget may be seen or target issmall in relation to itssurroundings

Nature of terrain orposition of the observer

When looking across adepression, most ofwhich is hidden fromview

When looking across adepression, all of which isvisible

When lookingdownward from highground

When looking from low groundtoward high ground.

When looking down astraight, open road oralong a railroad track.

When vision is narrowlyconfined as in streets, draws orforest trails.

When looking overuniform surfaces likewater, snow desert, or


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grain fields

Light and atmosphere In bright light or whenThe sun is shining frombehind the observer

In poor light such as dawn anddusk in rain, snow, for or whenthe sun is in the observer's

eyes

When the target is insharp contrast with thebackground or issilhouetted, by reasonof size, shape, or color.

When the target blends into thebackground or terrain.

When seen in the clearAtmosphere of high

altitudes

2-9. SPEED DETERMINATION

a. Although the M74 rocket was designed primarily as a flame/antipersonnel round for use against stationary targets, it may be usedeffectively against enemy vehicles carrying troops, ammo, or othersupplies. Normally, these targets are in motion and accurate engagementdepends upon the gunner's ability to determine speed as well as range.

b. The ability to determine speed is developed by constant practice. Thesoldier should begin by determining the speed of vehicles at knownranges and moving in a constant direction. As the soldier improves, therange, direction, and type of vehicles can be varied.

c. One method of determining target speed is to compare the speed of thetarget with the speed of a running man. If the target is traveling at thespeed of a jogging man or slower, its speed is about 8 kph or less and thegunner should use the slow speed lead. If the target is traveling at thespeed of a slow running pace or faster (9 kph or more), the gunner shoulduse the fast speed lead. Due to the difference in size between a man and

a vehicle, a gunner may tend to underestimate the vehicle's speed, butthis can be corrected with practice.

2-10. SPECIAL AIMING TECHNIQUES

a. Targets at a range of 500 meters or less. When firing on targetsat 500 meters or less and the first round misses, the burst-on-targettechnique of fire should be used to gain a second round hit. The


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burst-on-target technique is very easily applied by following theprocedures below:

(1) After firing the weapon, hold your original sight pictureuntil the rocket impacts.

(2) Note the point on the sight reticle where the round burstappears (fig 2- 17) and move this point onto the center massof the target (fig 2-18).

(3) Fire again. This should give you a target hit; if not, applythe same principle (steps 1 and 2) and fire again--this timeyou should have a target hit.

Figure 2-17. Burst-on-target aiming technique.

Figure 2-18. Center of mass of target.

b. Targets at ranges beyond 5OO meters. At ranges beyond 5OO

meters and out to 700 meters, the M202Al rocket launcher can beused to suppress enemy troops in fortified positions or woodedareas with smoke and flame. To sight on target areas beyond 500meters, the gunner should center the target in the bottom of thesight (fig 2-19 and 2-20). If he misses with his first round he shouldobserve the round burst on his sight and try to move that point ontohis target. Since the reticle is graduated only out to 500 meters, the


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burst may appear within the sight but not within the sight reticleitself.

Figure 2-19. Woodl ine at 600meters

Figure 2-20. Woodl ine at 700meters.

2-11. Steady Hold

The gunner must hold the M202A1 steady while firing to obtain an accurate firstround and to properly employ the burst-on-target technique. The followingprinciples of steady hold should be applied.

a. Whenever possible, fire from a supported position. A stableweapon delivers a more accurate shot.

b. Don't breathe during aiming and firing. Chest movement in andout will make aiming difficult.

c. Relax; muscle strain or tension causes trembling.

d. Pull the trigger; don't jerk it. J erking will pull the weapon offtarget.

e. With the left hand, hold the weapon so that the rear dust coverrests snugly against the right shoulder.

2-12. TRIGGER MANIPULATION

Now that you know the sighting procedures, how to adjust fire, and understandthe principles of holding the weapon steady, you are ready to fire the weapon (fig

2-21). To do this, release the trigger safety by moving the switch to the rear, thenusing two fingers and applying a smooth and steady rearward pressure, squeezethe trigger fully. After each rocket has fired, relax your fingers to allow the triggerto return to the fully forward position. This method must be repeated to fire eachof the rockets. Only one rocket can be fired with each trigger squeeze.


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Figure 2-21. Firing the weapon.

2-13. LOADED CONDITION

If all rockets are not fired, or none are fired, take the following steps whenkeeping the weapon loaded:

a. Position trigger safety switch on SAFE.

b. Close sight cover, position sight lock in forward detent, and foldsight assembly in against the launcher.

c. Press trigger release button unlocking the trigger handle androtate it upward, engaging the interlock and releasing the frontcover.

d. Close and latch front cover.

e. P lace your left hand under the launcher and your right handaround the lower right clip tube and lift the launcher from yourshoulder. Position it on the ground resting on the front cover.

f. Depress clip lock button and push on the rear of clip assembly,retracting the clip into the launcher. Before closing and latching therear cover, perform a visual and/or manual -check of clip latch,insuring it is firmly engaged in the clip attachment slot of the firing

pin mechanism assembly.

2-14. UNLOADING PROCEDURES

To unload the rocket launcher, place it on the ground, resting on the front andrear dust covers. Insure the rear dust cover folds down against the rocket clip forstabilization. Remove the rocket clip latch using the combination tool provided.


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a. Depress the clip lock button, grasp one of the top two rockettubes, and remove rocket clip by pulling rearward.

b. Reinsert the firing pin housing into the launcher by rotating thefiring pin housing slightly so it will slide back into the launcher.

Close and lock the rear cover.

Figure 2-22. Removing cl ip latch fromclip manifold

Figure 2-23. Removing the rocketclip.

Section III. MISFIRES, MALFUNCTIONS, AND SAFETY

2-15. MISFIRE

A failure to fire may be caused by a faulty firing mechanism or a faulty element inthe propelling charge explosive train.

2-16. MISFIRE PROCEDURES

When a misfire occurs, you should take the following actions:

CAUTION:Do not assume that an initial failure of a round to fire is a completemisfire--it could be a hang fire or a mechanical delay. However, themisfire procedures outlined below are appropriate for either acomplete misfire or a hang fire.

a. In combat.

(1) Squeeze the trigger four times after the last misfiredrocket. If this clears the weapon, remove the empty clip andinspect the launcher before firing again.


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(2) If this does not clear the weapon, place the trigger safetyin the SAFE position, keeping the weapon pointed towardthe enemy, lower it from your shoulder and place it on theground, resting on the front and rear dust covers.

(3) Grasp the side of one clip tube and remove the clip latchto separate the firing pin mechanism from the clip. Ifseparation does not occur, carefully insert a knife bladebetween the firing pin mechanism and clip manifold andapply pressure to obtain at least a 1 -inch separationbetween the two.

(4) Depress the clip lock button, grasp either of the top tworocket tubes, and remove the clip.

NOTE:Failure to depress the clip lock button will cause damage to the

launcher.

(5) Place the rocket clip on the ground as far away from yourposition as practical (60 meters desirable). Dispose of therocket clip as described in paragraphs 3-3 to 3-5.

(6) Inspect the launcher prior to loading again.

In a training environment

(1) Shout "MISFIRE" to warn all personnel that you have a

misfire. Keep the launcher pointed at the target.

(2) Squeeze the trigger four times after the last misfiredrocket. if this clears the weapon, remove the empty clip andinspect the launcher before firing again.

(3) If this does not clear the weapon, place the trigger safetyin the SAFE position and keep the weapon on your shoulderpointed down range for 1 minute.

(4) Keeping the weapon pointed down range, lower it from

your shoulder and place it on a firm surface resting on thefront and rear dust covers.

(5) Grasp the side of one clip tube and remove the clip latchto separate the firing pin mechanism from the clip. If theseparation does not occur, carefully insert a knife bladebetween the firing pin mechanism and clip manifold and


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apply pressure to obtain at least a 1-inch separationbetween the two.

(6) Depress the clip lock button, grasp either of the top tworocket tubes, and remove the clip.

NOTE: Failure to depress the clip lock button will cause damage to thelauncher.

(7) Dispose of the rocket clip in accordance with yourinstallation/unit SOP, AR 75-1, and TM 3-1055-456-12.

(8) Inspect the launcher prior to reloading.

2-17. LEAKING ROCKET

A leaking rocket is characterized by burning fuel coming out of the rocketwarhead. This can happen in three different situations:

a. Before loading the rocket clip--immediately take cover at least 60meters from the rocket clip. Do not move in front or to the rear ofthe rocket clip. Wait until the rocket clip stops burning.

b. While loaded in the launcher without the clip being extended--place the launcher on the ground. Evacuate the area at least 60meters and take cover. Do not move in front of the launcher or intothe rear danger-zone area.

c. When the rocket is fired--keep the launcher pointed toward thetarget area and pull the trigger to clear the weapon. If this clears theweapon, and triethylaluminum (TEA) is on the launcher, place thelauncher on the ground and allow the TEA to bum itself out. If theweapon cannot be cleared of all rockets follow the procedures in 2-17b above.

2-18. DAMAGED ROCKETS

a. If in combat the rockets become damaged by shrapnel or small arms

fire the following actions should be taken:

(1) Defense--drop the launcher in the fighting position and move toan adjacent position.

(2) Offense-drop the launcher on the ground and continue theattack.


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b. In a training situation, insure that all personnel take cover as far aspossible from the damaged rocket. Let the rocket burn out and thendispose of the unexpended rounds in accordance with local SOP.

2-19. SAFETY

a. Back blast area (fig 2-24). Propellant gases escaping to the rear of thelauncher can cause severe injury to personnel and damage to equipmentlocated close to the firing position. The total back blast area extends 40meters to the rear with a base of 38 meters.

Figure 2-24. Back blast area.

(1)The dangerzone extends 15 meters to the rear with abase of 15 meters. All personnel, equipment, and flammablematerials must be kept clear of this area.

(2) The caution zone extends an additional 25 meters with abase of 38 meters. Personnel in this area could be injuredfrom secondary missiles thrown to the rear by the blast.

(3) In a tactical situation, it is unlikely that the back blast areawill be completely clear. Consequently, the launcher may befired without injury to the firer as long as any rear verticalobstructions are at least 5 meters away from the launcher.Friendly troops providing security must be protected in afighting position, behind a solid object, or lying prone withsteel helmets facing the firing position.

Additional Safety considerations.

(1) The firer's body must be clear of the front and rear of theweapon while firing.

(2) Do not engage hard targets less than 20 meters from thefiring position.


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(3) Ear plugs must be worn by the firer as well as othertroops in the immediate area.

(4) The firer should exercise care when firing the launchernear bushes and trees. Rocket impact with a heavy branch

may detonate the rocket warhead.

(5) Targets at ranges greater than 200 meters should not beengaged from the prone firing position. The launcherelevation could cause exhaust gases and material to deflectfrom the ground and injure the gunner.


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3. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING, AND DESTRUCTION

Section I. MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING

3-1. GUNNER'S RESPONSIBILITIES

As an M202Al rocket launcher gunner you have no responsibility for replacementof parts on the weapon. This is accomplished by the unit armorer. You are,however, responsible for preventive maintenance checks, services, andtroubleshooting. Listed below are some tips for keeping your launcher in topoperating condition and a troubleshooting table to assist you in identifyingprobable cause of malfunctions and the corrective actions.

a. Keep your launcher free of sand, mud, moisture, or any otherforeign matter.

b. If your launcher becomes dirty or wet, wipe it off with a clean, drycloth particularly inside the launcher tubes).

c. Protect your launcher from ice and snow.

d. Observe the operating temperature limits of -32 Celsius to +60degrees Celsius (-25 degrees Fahrenheit to +140 degrees

Fahrenheit).

e. When temperature and humidity are excessive or when salt air ispresent, inspect and clean your launcher daily.

f. During sand and dust storms, keep your launcher covered asmuch of the time as the situation permits.

Table 3-1. Operator Troubleshooting

Item No Malfunction Probable Cause Corrective Action

1 Trigger does notreleasefiring pins duringoperation check.

Defectivemechanism

Return launcher toorganizationalmaintenance.


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2 Trigger handledoes notstay in retractedposition.

Worn toggle. Return launcher toorganizationalmaintenance.

3 Trigger safety doesnotfunction.

Defective mechanism. Return launcher toorganizationalmaintenance.

4 Inaccurate launcherfiring.

Sight notbore sighted properly

Return launcher toorganizationalmaintenance forBo sighting

3-2. ARMORER'S RESPONSIBILITIES.

Organizational maintenance is performed by the unit armorer.

a. He can remove/replace the sight, remove/replace the sling, boresight and spot paint the launcher. See table 3-2 for atroubleshooting guide.

Item No. Malfunction Probable Cause Corrective Action

1 Inaccurate launcherfiring.

a, Sight marksnot aligned properly.

Realign marks.

b. Damagedsight.

Replace sight andbore sight launcher.

2 Inability to sightlauncher.

Damaged ormissing optical eyeshield.

Replace.

3 Nonadjustable slingassembly.

Damaged strap,buckles, or snap.

Replace hooks.


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b. He will evacuate the M202A1 to DS maintenance if a visualinspection reveals any of the following conditions:

(1 ) Dented tubes.

(2) Cracked tubes.

(3) Unraveled, frayed, or loose fiberglass in any tube.

(4) Visible signs of burns on inside of any tube.

Section II. DESTRUCTION TO PREVENT ENEMY USE

3-3. AUTHORIZATION TO DESTROY WEAPON.

Destruction of the rocket launcher and/or rocket clip to prevent capture orabandonment in a combat zone must be authorized by the unit commander (TM9-1300-206).

3-4. DESTRUCTION PROCEDURES.

a. The rocket launcher should be destroyed by striking the launchertubes, firing mechanism, and sight with an axe. The launcher canbe run over by a vehicle, or, in extreme emergencies, destroyed byfiring rifle or pistol rounds through the launch tubes, firing

mechanism, and sight.

b. The rockets should be destroyed by fired demolitions 800 metersfrom friendly troops whenever possible. When not possible, placethe rockets in a foxhole and detonate them with a hand grenade. Allpersonnel within 750 meters should be in covered positions.

3-5. PRIORITY OF DESTRUCTION.

If you are unable to destroy the rocket launcher and the rocket clip at the sametime, priority of destruction will be given to the rocket launcher.


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Chapter 4. TECHNIQUES OF FIRE AND EMPLOYMENT

Section I. FIRING POSITIONS

4-1. GENERAL

The M202Al rocket launcher is fired on the right shoulder in the standing,kneeling, or prone position. These positions will enable the gunner to fire fromany cover on the battlefield. Each position has several factors which facilitate asteady hold, and is representative of how the weapon should be fired in trainingand in combat. The exact position may vary slightly to conform to theconfiguration of the gunner's body or the location of the target in relation to his

firing position. You must insure that the position selected is stable, comfortable,and most suitable for engaging the target. Regardless of the position used, keepthe launcher pointed toward the target with the muzzle end up. A modified sittingposition may have to be used in a fighting position or on an APC. These arediscussed later in this chapter.

4-2. STANDING.

a. The first firing position to be discussed is the standingunsupported position (fig 4-1). This position is very similar to thestanding position when firing a rifle. To get into this position, face

the target and execute a half right face. Spread the feet acomfortable distance apart, and place the weapon on the rightshoulder. The body should be well balanced with the hips level. Theleft hand should be placed on the front cover handle or under thetrigger handle assembly of the launcher. The right shoulder shouldbe placed against the rear cover and launcher for stability. The lefthand is used to further steady the weapon by grasping the frontcover handle and applying a steady rearward pressure.


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Figure 4-1. Standing Unsupported Position.

b. The standing supported position is designed to make use of anycover the gunner might find and to aid in stabilizing the weapon formore accurate firing. The type of support that will be mostcommonly found on the battlefield will either be vertical (a tree orhigh wall) or horizontal (a berm, fallen tree, fence, or a partiallyfallen wall).

(1) To use a tree or high wall for support the gunner woulduse the position shown in figure 4-2. His left shoulder,forearm, thigh, and knee should rest against the tree or wall.His left knee is flexed and the right leg straight. The gunnershould not bring the front of the launcher too close to thesupport or his sight will be blocked. When using this positionthe gunner is highly vulnerable to fire from his right side. Itshould not be used unless the target cannot be seen fromthe kneeling position.


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Figure 4-2. Standing Supported Posit ion.


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(2) The gunner may choose to fire over his cover in thestanding position. A great deal of support can be obtainedfrom a fallen tree, berm, fence, or partially fallen wall. To fireover his cover the gunner would use the position as shownin figure 4-3. His left hand would be on the handle on thefront dust cover with only his index finger through the hole inthe handle. The remaining fingers should form a fist and thebottom of the fist should rest on the cover. His feet would be

spread a comfortable distance apart. The gunner elevates ordepresses the weapon by either increasing or decreasingthe distance between his legs.


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Figure 4-3. Standing Supported Position (Over Cover).

4-3. KNEELING.

a. The kneeling supported position is similar to the kneelingunsupported position for firing the rifle (fig 4-4). Kneel on the rightknee with the right thigh at a 90 degree angle with the line of aimand sit back on the right heel, shifting the weight forward to acomfortable position. As viewed from the front, the lower left leg isvertical. Place the launcher on the right shoulder, keeping the rearcover forward of the right shoulder. Rest the upper left arm forward

of the left knee, with the left hand on the front cover handle. Placethe right arm against the side, right hand on the trigger assembly.This position is more suitable for engaging stationary targets. Toengage moving targets, the gunner should straighten his body andremove his elbow from his knee to aid in tracking the target.


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Figure 4-4. Kneeling Unsupported Position.

b. The kneeling supported position can be used to fire around orover the gunner's cover.

(1) To fire around the cover the gunner would use theposition shown in figure 4-5. He would lean his left shoulder,upper arm, and thigh against the support. He should sit backon his right heel. The left elbow should rest on the upperportion of the left leg, near the knee. The left hand can bemoved to support underneath the right hand for long-rangetargets. The gunner should not bring the front of the launchertoo close to the support or his sight will be blocked.


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Figure 4-5. Kneeling Supported Position.

(2) If the gunner must fire over his cover, the kneelingsupported position should be used. The gunner would fire asshown in figure 4-6. The gunner's elbows are on his coverfor support. He kneels on both knees. Changes in elevationare made by spreading the elbows or bringing them together


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Figure 4-6. Kneeling Supported Position (Over Cover).

4-4. PRONE.

This position (fig 4-7) is the most stable of the three positions; however, its use islimited to a maximum range of 200 meters. (To engage targets beyond this rangerequires elevating the front of the launcher which may cause injury from thebackblast.) To get into this position, lie down at an angle of not less than 45degrees to the line of fire in order to keep clear of the backblast area. Your back

should be straight and the right leg directly on a line running through the right hipand right shoulder (if possible). Position your elbows well under the launcher in acomfortable position. You must insure your legs do not extend into the backblastarea. The front dust cover or left wrist can rest on the ground for support. Thisposition is very difficult for some gunners to attain. One or two sandbags underthe upper arm or forearm may help, but this procedure is time-consuming andtherefore impractical on the battlefield. This position should not be used unless itis absolutely necessary.


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Figure 4-7. The Prone Posit ion.

Section II. EMPLOYMENT

4-5. INTRODUCTION

The M202Al rocket launcher can be used in both an offensive and defensive rolebecause it is lightweight, has an extended range, and has a minimalmaintenance requirement. Due to the weapon's accuracy and the trajectory ofthe rocket, it can get into areas and enclosures which other weapons cannotenter. It can produce personnel casualties in bunkers, buildings, and covered oropen foxholes, as well as damage unarmored vehicles and destroy combustiblesupplies, ammunition, and materiel. The M202Al rocket launcher produces apsychological effect--the brilliant splash of the bursting warhead makes it anexcellent weapon to suppress RPG and Sagger missile firing sites and whenfired near armored vehicles, will normally make the crew button-up.

4-6. GENERAL EMPLOYMENT.

The M202Al rocket launcher may be employed like other direct fire weapons withthe assault element or with a supporting element as a supporting or coveringweapon. The M74 rocket is normally employed by infantry elements in theassault for the same purpose as flamethrowers; however, targets can beengaged at a greater range and with greater accuracy with this weapon than with


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the portable flamethrowers. Thus, the M202Al gunner is less vulnerable to enemyfire than flamethrower operators.

a. The decision to use this weapon in combat is based upon itsavailability, the availability of ammunition, and its relative

contribution toward mission accomplishment. W14 planning theattack, the company commander and leaders consider the use ofthe M202Al rocket launcher as part of their plan for fire support.Defensively, the weapon can be used in the coordinated plan forfires and in support of the counterattack. The M202A1 can beemployed on likely avenues of approach against enemy over watchpositions, to cover dead space, or to set disabled vehicles aflame.Because of its range, lethality, and psychological pa the M202Alshould routinely be employed in defensive situations and givenspecific targets or target areas that are incorporated into theplatoon's final protective fires.

b. The M202AI can be employ at night using artificial illuminationfrom the M203 grenade launcher, mortars, artillery, or fieldexpedients. In the absence of illumination or if the available light ispoor, it is difficult to distinguish the sight reticle. For this reasongunners must observe where rounds impact and shift to the target.If the gunner sees the first round impact through the sight, theburst-on -target technique can be employed using the lightproduced by the first round. Initial rounds can be fired at targets byusing radar sightings, unattended ground sensors, directions fromLP/OPs, muzzle ashes, noises, or reflections of light. Adjustment

should again be accomplished using the illumination produced bythe first round. Consideration should be given to disclosing friendlypositions prior to firing at night.

c. The M202Al rocket launcher can be employed against disabledarmored vehicles, dismounted troops, crew-served or individualweapons positions, wooded areas, fortified positions, or built-upareas. The M202Al is a particularly effective counter suppressionweapon when employed against enemy RPGs and machineguns.

d. When contemplating employment of the M202A1, Considerationmust be given to the smoke which will be produced. Firing theM202A1 close to your defensive position can start fires and thesmoke can obscure your vision and aid the enemy.

4-7. FIRING FROM FIGHTING POSITIONS.

a. The M202A1 may be fired from a fighting position (fig 4-8), butspecial attention must be given to the backblast area. A fighting


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position generally limits the maximum range of the M202A1 to 200meters, as targets in excess of this range require the muzzle of thelauncher to be elevated to aim and fire the weapon. Elevating themuzzle of the launcher directs the backblast into the fightingposition, creating the possibility of injury to personnel in the

position. Overhead cover on the fighting position will not affect themaximum engagement range as long as the rocket will clear theoverhead cover and the backblast area is clear. To engage long-range targets, the gunner must sit on the back edge of the position,firing over the front berm, or he may kneel behind an adjacentberm. Special berms may be constructed.

Figure 4-8. Firing from a Fighting Position.

b. The M202Al should be positioned so that its backblast will notinterfere with nearby friendly positions. In no situation shouldfriendly positions be located within the weapon's 15-meter danger


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zone. If possible, position the M202Al so that no friendly position iswithin the 25-meter area between the outside edges of the dangerand caution zone. If this is not possible, insure that positions withinthe caution zone are covered and the soldier is protected fromflying debris.

c. A field expedient method of aiming and firing at preselectedprobable targets can be constructed for the most importantprobable target areas in both sectors. To construct the fieldexpedient, six stakes (2-3 feet long) and some wire or rope arerequired. Figure 4-10 shows the construction.

Figure 4-10. Field Expedient Aiming Method.

(1) The rear stakes are driven in first. They should be atleast 6 inches into solid ground and perpendicular to thetarget. The cross member is lashed to the target side of therear stakes; it should not be too high.

(2) The front right stake is positioned next. Its position should

be marked by an assistant as the gunner sights on histarget. When the weapon is aimed at the target, this stakemust be flush against the right side of the launcher andpositioned between the front dust cover and the triggermechanism. When the gunner is aiming, the rear of theweapon should be on the rear stakes. The bridge on the reardust cover should rest on the rear cross member with therear dust cover itself flush on the cross member. The right


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side of the launcher should be up against the right rearstake.

(3) The left front stake and front cross member are addedlast. To obtain the proper elevation the front cross member

must be lashed at the proper height. This height should bemarked by an assistant, as in 4-7c(2) above, while thegunner is aiming.

(4) The gunner may fire the launcher by placing it in the fieldexpedient, pushing it up against the right posts, andsqueezing the trigger.

4-8. FIRING FROM AN APC.

The M202Al can be fired from an APC. Firing from the open cargo hatch requires

close coordination with all squad members to insure the backblast area is clear.Additionally, the gunner's distance of traverse is limited as the muzzle and rear ofthe launcher must be outside of the open cargo hatch.EXTREME CAUTIONMUST BE USED TO INSURE THAT THE SQUAD MEMBERS INSIDE THE

APC ARE NOT INJURED BY THE MUZZLE OR BACKBLAST, EAR PLUGSMUST BE WORN BY ALL PERSONNEL. If the situation permits, the gunnershould sit on top of the APC to fire the launcher (fig 4-11). This will provide astable firing position while providing greater flexibility in engaging targets.Caution must be exercised to insure the backblast is clear and ear plugs shouldbe worn. In this vehicular firing position the gunner may fire from either side ofthe hatch. The driver and caliber.50 machinegunner should button up when the

M202Al is fired to the front. The gunner sits on the open cargo hatch. His outsideleg (away from the cargo hatch opening) is bent, foot resting to the side of thecargo hatch. His inside leg is extended, foot resting on the front edge of thecargo hatch opening. Support for the launcher is gained by resting the right, orleft, forearm on the outside knee. The left hand is placed under the right foradditional support.


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Figure 4-11. Firing f rom an APC.

4-9. COMBAT IN CITIES.

The M202Al is an extremely effective weapon for combat in cities or built upareas. Flames can be delivered on distant targets through windows, doorways, orother holes in the structures with pinpoint accuracy. The detonation of rocketswithin a structure will create panic and confusion among the enemy occupyingthe structure. The launcher can be fired from inside a room provided there are novertical surfaces within 5 meters of the rear of the launcher and the room hasanother opening to prevent the creation of overpressures. The backblast areamust be clear of personnel, debris, and other items and ear plugs must be wornby all personnel in the room.


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APPENDIX A REFERENCES

1. Army Regulations (AR).

AR 75-1

AR 385-40

AR 385-63

Malfunctions Involving Ammunition and Explosives.

Accident Reporting and Records.

Regulation for Firing Ammunition for Training, Target Practice, andCombat.

2. Field Manuals (FM).

FM 3-2

FM 20-33

FM 21-6

Tactical Employment of Riot Control Agent CS.

Combat Flame Operations.

How to Prepare and Conduct Military Training.

3. Technical Manuals (TM).

TM 3-215

TM 3-220

TM 3-1055-456-12

TM 9-1300-206

TM 38-750

TM 740-90-1

TM 950-5-15

Military Chemistry and Chemical Agents.

Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) Decontamination.

Operator's and Organizational Maintenance Manual, Launcher,Rocket: 66-mm, 4-Tube, M202Al.

Ammunition and Explosive Standards.

The Army Maintenance Management System (TAMMS).

Administrative Storage of Equipment

Army Equipment Data Sheets: Chemical Weapons and DefenseEquipment


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4. Training Circular (TC).

TC 21-5-1

TC 21-5-2

Training Management: An Overview

Performance-Oriented Training


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APPENDIX B TRAINING PROGRAM

Section 1. GENERAL

B-1. PURPOSE.

This appendix provides guidance for developing, maintaining, and evaluating thesoldier's proficiency with the rocket launcher, M202Al. It is recommended that theplatoon leader, all noncommissioned-officer leaders in the platoon, and onesoldier per squad be proficient with the M202Al.

B-2. Training Objectives and Intermediate Training Objectives.

a. Training Objective 1.

TASK: Perform preoperational inspection for serviceability on the rocketlauncher, M202Al, and M74 incendiary rocket clip(s) and perform afunction check on the rocket launcher.

CONDITION:In a field environment, given a rocket launcher, M202Al, and M74incendiary rocket clip(s) (inert or expended rocket clips will be usedfor all training except actual firing) .

STANDARD:Within 3 minutes after issue the soldier can determine whether ornot the rocket launcher, M202Al, and M74 clip(s) are fullyserviceable and functional IAW chapter 2, paragraphs 2-2, 2-3, and2-4. All defects on the launcher and clips will be brought to theattention of the soldier's supervisor or the individual issuing theequipment.

Intermediate Training Object ive (ITOs) .

ITO #1

TASK: Perform preoperational inspection for serviceability on the rocketlauncher, M202Al.

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al.

STANDARD:The soldier will inspect the launcher for

(1) Damage, loose or missing parts, dents, cracks,separations, and/or loose fiberglass.


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(2) Check the reflecting sight for defects, i.e., dents andmissing or loose parts.

(3) Insure the two-position detent locks into the stowed andfiring positions.

(4) Sight through and check the lens for improper alinementof the reticle, obscured vision, or a broken reticle.

ITO #2

TASK: Perform a function check on the rocket launcher, M202Al.


STANDARD:The soldier will perform the following actions in sequence

(1) Unfasten the latch on the rear dust cover and rotate thecover down. Insure the latch, hinge, and cover areserviceable.

(2) Unfasten the latch on the front dust cover, rotate the frontcover handle outward until it stops, and rotate the front coverdown below the launcher tubes, applying sufficient pressureto release the trigger-handle from its retracted position.

(3) Pull the trigger-handle assembly down and lock it intoposition.

(4) Check the firing pin mechanism assembly and triggersafety.

(5) Inspect the interior of the launch tubes for dents orcracks, unraveled, frayed or loose fiberglass, or visible signsof bums in any tube.

ITO #3

TASK: Perform preoperational inspection for serviceability on the M74incendiary rocket clip (inert) .

CONDITION: Given an M74 clip (inert) in a styrofoam packing container.

STANDARD:The soldier will inspect the container for damage (severe damage


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to the packing container could indicate rupture of the incendiarywarhead) . Open the container, inspect rocket clip for damage,rust, and/or dirt. Inspect to insure clip latch, bail handle, and rocketclip support assembly are present.

b. Training Objective 2.

TASK: Load the M74 incendiary rocket clip (inert) into the rocket launcher,M202Al, and prepare the weapon for carrying.

CONDITION:Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, and M74 incendiary rocket clip(inert) .

STANDARD:The soldier will perform the following actions in sequence within 3minutes.

(1) Place the trigger safety in the SAFE position.

(2) Position the launcher on the ground resting on its closedfront cover with the front cover handle in the stowed position.

(3) Open the rear cover by releasing the rear cover latch androtate it down and beneath the launcher.

(4) Support the launcher with the left hand on the sight andpartially insert the rocket clip into the rear of the launcher

tubes (bail handle down) using the rocket warheads asguides.

(5) Grasp end of clip support strap nearest two black snapsand pull it outward to remove the strap and spacers from theclip.

(6) After removal of support strap, depress the launcher cliplock button, fully insert the rocket clip into the launcher.

(7) Manually or visually check to insure that the prongs of the

clip latch are fully seated in the clip attachment slot of thefiring pin mechanism assembly.

(8) Close and latch the rear cover of the launcher.

(9) Adjust sling and place loaded launcher on shoulder.


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NOTE: The gunner must also be taught to return the launcher to its carryconfiguration after it has been extended as in paragraph 2-13.

c. Training Objective 3.

TASK: Place the rocket launcher, M202Al, into operation and engagetargets.

CONDITION:Given a collapsed rocket launcher, M202Al, in the carryingconfiguration with a full M74 incendiary rocket clip loaded in thelauncher and targets suitable for engagement (troops, bunkers,armored vehicles, etc.) with a flame weapon.

STANDARD: The soldier will perform the following actions in sequence.

(1) Check for exterior damage to the launcher.

(2) Extend and arm the rocket launcher for firing.

(3) Get into one of the six firing positions.

(4) Aim the rocket launcher.

(5) Fire the rocket launcher, achieving three target hits infour firings.

ITO #1

TASK: Perform preoperational inspection for serviceability on rocketlauncher M202Al.


STANDARD:The soldier will inspect the launcher for

(1) Damaged, loose or missing parts, dents, cracks,

separations, and/or loose fiberglass.

(2) Check the reflecting sight for defects, i.e., dents andmissing or loose parts.

(3) Insure the two-position detent locks into the stowed andfiring positions.


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(4) Sight through and check the lens for improper alinementof the reticle, obscured vision, or a broken reticle.

ITO #2

TASK: Extend and arm the rocket launcher, M202Al, for firing.

CONDITION:Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, and a loaded M74 rocket clip(inert) .

STANDARD: The soldier will perform the following actions in sequence

(1) Open the rear cover, grasp the bail handle, and pull therocket clip outward until it is fully extended and locked intoposition. A "click" will indicate the rocket clip is locked.

(2) Release the bail handle, insuring it folds against the rearedge of the clip in the downward position.

(3) Position the launcher on the right shoulder so that therear cover acts as a shoulder rest in front of the rightshoulder.

(4) Move the right hand under the launcher for support, whileusing the left hand to unlatch the front cover. Rotate handleoutward until it stops.

(5) Rotate cover down until it locks into position.

(6) Grasp trigger handle assembly immediately behindlocked front cover. Extend trigger handle insuring it is fullyseated in the firing position. Insure safety switch is in SAFEposition.

(7) Check backblast area.

(8) Extend sight by moving to rear detent position.

(9) Raise the protective lens cover.


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ITO #3

TASK: Demonstrate each position used to fire the rocket launcher,M202Al (supported and unsupported) .

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, on a range or training area.

STANDARD:The soldier will demonstrate each firing position in accordance withchapter 4.

ITO #4

TASK: Estimate ranges to targets.

CONDITION:In a field environment, given 10 silhouettes depicting targets atdifferent ranges in daylight.

STANDARD:The soldier will estimate the range of 7 of the 10 targets with anerror of 10 percent or less.

ITO #5

TASK: Prepare a range card for the rocket launcher, M202Al.

CONDITION: In the field, during daylight, in an infantry fighting position, given apencil, paper, compass, sectors of fire, and probable target areas.

STANDARD:Must be prepared in accordance with chapter 4.

ITO #6

TASK: Construct a field expedient aiming and firing device.

CONDITION:In the field, during daylight, in an infantry fighting position, given six

stakes, wire or rope, entrenching tool, an assistant, and a target at200 meters.

STANDARD:The construction must be in accordance with chapter 4 and thesight must be alined on the target.


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ITO #7

TASK: Fire the rocket launcher, M202A1.

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, with M74 incendiary rocket clip,

on a range, using the table on pageB-11

STANDARD:The soldier must achieve two target hits with the four rounds fired.

d. Training Objective 4.

TASK: Take the rocket launcher, M202Al, out of operation.

CONDITION:Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, with loaded M74 rocket clip(inert) ,on a range or training area.


(1) Position trigger safety switch on SAFE.

(2) Place the launcher on the ground, resting on the frontand rear dust covers. Insure the rear dust cover folds downagainst the rocket clip for stabilization.

(3) Remove the clip latch from the clip manifold.

(4) Depress the clip lock button, grasp one of the top tworocket tubes, and remove the rocket clip by pulling rearward.

(5) Reinsert the firing pin housing into the launcher byrotating the firing pin housing slightly so it will slide into thelauncher. Close and lock the dust cover.

(6) Depress the sight lock and rotate it into the stowedposition.

(7) Depress the trigger handle release button and push thetrigger handle forward releasing the front dust cover from thelocked position. Close and lock the front dust cover.


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e. Training Objective 5.

TASK: Perform combat misfire procedures on the rocket launcher,M202Al.

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, with loaded M74 rocket clip(inert) , which has a simulated misfire, in a training area.


(1) Squeeze the trigger four times after the last misfiredrocket. If this clears the weapon, remove the empty clip andinspect the launcher before firing again.

(2) If it does not clear the weapon, place the trigger safety in

SAFE position and, keeping the weapon pointed downrange, lower it from the shoulder and place it on a firmsurface, resting it on the front and rear dust covers.

(3) Grasp the side of one clip tube and remove the clip latchto separate the firing pin mechanism from the clip.

(4) If separation does not occur, carefully insert a knife bladebetween the firing pin mechanism and clip manifold andapply pressure to obtain at least a 1-inch separation.

(5) Grasp the side of one clip tube and remove the rocketclip.

(6) Place the rocket clip on the ground 50 meters away(distance may be stated) .

(7) Inspect the rocket launcher.


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f. Training Objective 6.

TASK: Demonstrate aiming with the launcher.

CONDITION: Given a drawing of the M202Al sight reticle (8" x 10") and a target

square (1/2" x 1/2") .

STANDARD:The soldier must place the target square on the sight reticledrawing to properlydepict 8 of 9 target pictures at ranges between100 and 600 meters. Four of the target pictures will depict movingtargets.

B-3. GENERAL TRAINING NOTES.

Training is divided into three periods. Period one is designed to train the soldier

on the characteristics, nomenclature, and capabilities of the weapon system;preoperational checks on the weapon and rocket clip; loading the launcher;placing the weapon into operation; estimating range to targets; firing positions;taking the weapon out of operation, misfire procedures, and safety procedures.Period two consists of a proficiency examination in which the soldier is evaluatedin preparing the rocket launcher for firing; performing misfire procedures, aiming,and demonstrating steady hold and selected firing positions. Period three will beinstructional firing.

b. Time is allocated for evaluation after training. The performanceevaluations are based on the standards set for training and will

determine if the standards have been met. Section II of thisappendix provides a proficiency examination.

c. Training program:

(1) Period One (3 hours)

(a) Introduction to the rocket launcher, M202Al, to includecharacteristics, nomenclature, capabilities, functioning, andpreventive maintenance ............... 10 minutes

(b) Preparatory marksmanship program .............. 10minutes

(c) Preoperational inspection, function checks, loading thelauncher, and placing the weapon into operation to includea demonstration and practical exercise.......... 15 minutes

(d) Firing positions, to include a discussion, demonstration, 20 minutes


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and practicalexercise.................................................................

(e) Range and speed estimation to include a practicalexercise........................................ 20 minutes

(f) Aiming and trigger squeeze, to include a demonstrationand practical exercise.............. 10 minutes

(g) Taking the weapon out of operation to include ademonstration and practical exercise................... 20 minutes

(h) Misfire procedures, to include a demonstration andpractical exercise........................................... 20 minutes

(i) Range and safety procedures......................... 25 minutes

TOTAL.......................................................................................... 150 minutes

(2) Period Two (2 hours)

(a) Orientation, instructions, breakdown, andmaneuver to test stations ...................

5 minutes

(b) Testing (three stations)......................... 75 minutes

(c) Movement time between stations............ 10 minutes

(d) Critique.............................................. 10minutes

TOTAL......................................................................... 100 minutes

(3) Period Three (2 hours) .

Instructional firing .............................................. 100 minutes

TOTAL...................................................................... 100 minutes

(4) Summary of Total Hours.

(a) Period One 3 hours

(b) Period Two 2 hours

(c) Period Three 2 hours

(d) TOTAL 7 hours

d. The training program is based on performance-oriented training.Time devoted to conference, explanation, and demonstration hasbeen minimized. The soldier will learn by doing rather than bylistening and watching. Emphasis should be on the small group,hands-on-method of achieving the training objectives. Soldiers


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should practice the actions in the training objectives until theybecome proficient. When the soldier appears proficient, he shouldbe tested by a noncommissioned officer on a pass/fail or GOINOGO basis. The evaluation tests in the proficiency examination insection II of this appendix may be used for this purpose. If the

soldier fails an evaluation test, he should continue to practice andbe retested. Those soldiers who have passed the evaluation testsmay be used to assist in the training/evaluation of the soldiersexperiencing difficulty. The recommended soldier/instructor ratio is4:1.

e. The training program, as written, is compressed to minimumtime. When scheduled, consideration must be given to poorweather, training equipment availability, and soldier/instructor ratiogreater than 4:1. Any of these conditions will dictate additional time.Recommend normal scheduling of 7 hours.

f. The training program should be conducted quarterly withinstructional firing accomplished annually. This is necessary sincethe rocket launcher, M202Al, is issued under the arms roomconcept and is not assigned a dedicated gunner. As a minimum, itis recommended that the platoon leader, all noncommissioned-officer leaders in the platoon, and one soldier per squad beproficient with the M202Al.

g. Training aids and equipment. The actual rocket launcher,M202Al, is considered to be the best training aid available for

conducting training on this weapon. Whenever possible, thelauncher should be used. Additionally, other training aids may beconstructed using the photographs and diagrams contained withinthis training circular. These training aids should not limit theinstructor's imagination nor replace any other training aids whichmay be available or listed in training aids catalogs. Whereverpossible, local Training Aids Service Offices (TASOS) should beutilized to obtain desired training aids and devices. These TASOswill loan or fabricate the required aids and devices. The followingaids and equipment are recommended.

(1) Rocket launcher, M202Al-one per two soldiers.

(2) Chart depicting sight reticle--one each.

(3) Plastic reflecting sight meter reticle-one per soldier.

(4) Silhouette sheet depicting targets-one per soldier.


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(5) Rocket clip (inert) --one per two soldiers.

(6) Salvage vehicles, fabricated bunkers, and/or dirt-filled 55-gallon drums (to be used as targets) .

(7) Blackboard-one each.

(8) Public address system-one each.

h. Training facilities and personnel.

(1) Facilities. Range which is suitable for firing the rocketlauncher, M202Al. Range should also be capable ofsupporting practical exercises and concurrent trainingstations. Figure B-1 shows a schematic diagram anddimensions of M202Al range.

Figure B-1. Range Layout (one lane).

(2) Personnel. One instructor per four soldiers. Should morethan four soldiers be taught by an instructor, the time toconduct the training program will be increased. A trainedsafety officer/noncommissioned officer must be presentduring all firing.

i. Ammunition. Four 66-mm M74 rockets per soldier. One 66-mm M74rocket clip for use in the introduction portion of the program to give thesoldiers a demonstration of the capability and potential of the rocketlauncher.

j. For additional information on how to conduct a training program, see FM21-6, How to Prepare and Conduct Military Training. FM 21-6 providesdetailed guidance on the preparation of lesson plans.


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Section II. PROFICIENCY (PERFORMANCE)EXAMINATION

B-5. PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION 1--PLACING THE ROCKET LAUNCHER,M202Al . INTO OPERATION,

a. Test Task. (Instructor will read to the soldier.)

"At this station you are required to perform a preoperationalinspection and function check, load the launcher, and place therocket launcher into operation. All tasks must be performed in theproper sequence for you to successfully pass this station. You have5 minutes to accomplish the tasks."

b. Test Conditions. The soldier should be tested in a clear areawhere the instructor can observe his actions. The launcher and one

rocket clip (inert) will be placed side-by-side on the ground.

c. Test Standards.

(1) Inspect the launcher and sight for deficiencies, i.e.,damage, loose or missing parts, dents, cracks, etc.

(2) Perform a function check on the launcher.

(3) Inspect the rocket clip (inert) for damage, rust, and/or dirt.Insure clip latch, bail handle, and rocket clip support

assembly are present.

(4) Place trigger safety in the SAFE position.

(5) Position launcher on the ground, resting on its closedfront cover and front cover handle in the stowed position.

(6) Open the rear dust cover.

(7) Partially insert the rocket clip into the launcher andremove the support strap.

(8) Depress the launcher clip lock button and fully insert therocket clip.

(9) Grasp the bail handle and pull the rocket clip out untillocked into position.

(10) Release the bail handle.


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(11) Place launcher on shoulder, unlatch the front cover, andlock it into position.

(12) Extend trigger handle insuring it is fully seated in thefiring position.

(13) Check backblast area.

(14) Extend sight to rear detent position and raise protectivelens cover.

B-6. PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION 2--PERFORM MISFIRE PROCEDURESON THE ROCKET LAUNCHER, M202Al,


"At this station you are required to perform combat misfireprocedures on the rocket launcher. All tasks must be performed inthe proper sequence for you to successfully pass this station. Youhave 5 minutes to perform the misfire procedures.

b. Test Conditions. The soldier should be tested in a clear areawhere the instructor can observe his actions. An inert rocket clip willbe in the weapon and the weapon will be on the soldier's shoulder.The instructor will tell the soldier he has experienced a misfire.

c. Test Standards.

(1) Squeeze trigger four times.

(2) Place trigger safety in the SAFE position.

(3) Keeping the weapon pointed downrange, lower it fromthe shoulder, place it on the ground (resting on front and rearcovers) .

(4) Remove the clip latch from the clip manifold.

(5) Remove the rocket clip from the launcher by graspingone of the clip tubes.

(6) Placethe rocket clip on the ground away from thelauncher.


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(7) Inspect the launcher.

B-7, PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION 3--DEMONSTRATE AIMING,, ASELECTED FIRING POSITION, AND RETURNING THE ROCKETLAUNCHER,, M202Al s, TO ITS CARRYING CONFIGURATION.


"At this station you will be tested on the following:

(1) "Aiming.

(2) "One firing position. You must explain and demonstrate aposition of your choice both supported and unsupported.

(3) "Returning the launcher to its carrying configuration.

You will have 5 minutes to complete these tasks."

b. Test Conditions. The soldier should be tested in a clear areawhere the instructor can observe his actions. The soldier will beprovided a rocket launcher to be used in demonstrating the firingpositions.

c.Test Standards.

(1) Position. Demonstrate the position in accordance with

chapter 4.

(2) Aiming.

(a) Place the target square (1/2"xl/2") on the sightreticle drawing (8" x $O") to properly depict the sightpicture for a stationary target at a range of 100meters.

(b) Place the target square on the sight reticledrawing to properly depict the sight picture for a target

moving at 15 kph at a range of 400 meters.

(3) Return the launcher to its loaded carryingconfiguration as described in chapter 2, paragraph 2-13.


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Documents

M202A1 FLASH 66mm Incendiary Launcher