2208-6007 20 pages

M08/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX+

Wednesday 14 May 2008 (afternoon)

biologyHigHer levelPaPer 1

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all the questions.• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on

the answer sheet provided.

1 hour

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2008

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1. Whatdescribestissues?

A. Groupsofcellsthatdevelopthesamewaywiththesamefunction

B. Groupsofcellsthatdevelopthesamewaywithdifferentfunctions

C. Groupsofcellsthathavecombinedtoformastructure

D. Groupsofcellsthathavecombinedtoformoneorgan

2. Whichpairoffeaturesiscorrectforbothplantandprokaryoticcells?

Plant cell Prokaryotic cell

A. Abletochangeshape Fixedshape

B. ContainsDNAassociatedwithprotein ContainsnakedDNA

C. DNAenclosedbymembrane DNAassociatedwithprotein

D. Chloroplastsmaybepresent Chloroplastsmaybepresent

3. Whichofthefollowingareassociatedwithmitosis?

I. Tissuerepair II. Chiasmata III. Asexualreproduction

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,II,andIII

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4. Whatroledoesironplayinlivingorganisms?

A. Asacomponentinnucleicacids

B. Asacomponentoflipids

C. Asacomponentofcarbohydrates

D. Asacomponentofproteins

5. Whichdiagramcorrectlyillustratesadipeptide?

A.

N

H

H

C

H

H

C

O

N

H

C

H

H

C

O

OH

B.

N

H

H

C

H

H

C

O

N

H

C

H

H

C

O

OH

C.

N

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

N

H

C

H

H

C

O

OH

D.

N

H

H

C

H

H

C

O

N

H

C

H

H

C

O

OH

6. WhicheventstakeplaceinDNAreplication?

I. FormationofmessengerRNA II. UnwindingofDNAdoublehelix III. FormationofcomplementarystrandsbyDNApolymerase

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

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7. Whatisthecorrectsequenceofchemicalsproducedintheanaerobicrespirationpathway?

A. lactate→pyruvate→ethanol

B. ethanol→pyruvate→glucose

C. glucose→lactate→pyruvate

D. glucose→pyruvate→lactate

8. Whichcombinationmeasurestherateofphotosynthesis?

Direct measurement Indirect measurement

A. Oxygenproduction Biomassincrease

B. Carbondioxideuptake Biomassdecrease

C. Oxygenuptake Biomassincrease

D. Carbondioxideproduction Biomassdecrease

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9. Whatcanbeconcludedonthebasisofthefollowingkaryotype?

A. Femalewithanormalsetofchromosomes

B. MalewithDownsyndrome

C. FemalewithDownsyndrome

D. Malewithanormalsetofchromosomes

10. Whatarehomologouschromosomes?

A. Twochromosomeswithdifferingsetsofgenes,inthesamesequence,withthesamealleles

B. Twochromosomeswiththesamesetofgenes,inadifferentsequence,withthesamealleles

C. Twochromosomeswithadifferentsetofgenes,inthesamesequence,withdifferentalleles

D. Twochromosomeswiththesamesetofgenes,inthesamesequence,sometimeswithdifferentalleles

1 2 � 4 �

6 87 9 10 11 12

1� 1�14 16 17 18

19 20 21 22

xx

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11. WhichfeaturesofDNAfragmentsareusedtoseparatethemintheprocessofgelelectrophoresis?

A. Theirchargeandtheirsize

B. Theirchargeandbasecomposition

C. Thesequenceoftheirbasesandtheircharge

D. Theirbasecompositionandtheirsize

12. Whichfeatureofageneticpedigreechartdemonstratesthatacharacteristicissexlinked?

A. Numbersofoffspringcarryingthecharacteristicdecreasedoverseveralgenerations.

B. Onegenderismorecommonlyaffectedthantheother.

C. Equalnumbersofmalesandfemalesinheritthecharacteristic.

D. Boysandgirlsonlyinheritthecharacteristicfromtheirmothers.

13. Whatisacommunity?

A. Agroupofproducersandconsumerslivingandinteractinginanarea.

B. Agroupofspecieslivingandinteractinginanarea.

C. Agroupoforganismslivingandinteractinginanarea.

D. Agroupofpopulationslivingandinteractinginanarea.

14. Whatarethemainsourcesofcarbondioxideonearth?

A. cellularrespirationofconsumers,producersandcombustionoffossilfuels

B. photosynthesisandcellularrespirationofconsumers

C. cellularrespirationofproducersandcombustionoffossilfuels

D. photosynthesisandcombustionoffossilfuels

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15. Whichfactorscanlimitpopulationgrowth?

I. Shortageoffood II. Increasedgeneticvariationinthepopulation III. Increaseinpredators IV. Increaseindiseasesandparasites

A IandIIonly

B IandIIIonly

C I,IIIandIVonly

D I,II,IIIandIV

16. WhatareAllium sativaandAllium cepa?

A. Twodifferentspeciesofthesamegenus

B. Thesamespeciesofthesamegenus

C. Thesamespeciesbutofadifferentgenus

D. Twodifferentspeciesofadifferentgenus

17. Inthedigestivesystem,enzymeAhasanoptimumpHof1.�andenzymeBanoptimumpHof7.Whatarethepossiblesubstratesoftheseenzymes?

Enzyme A Enzyme B

A. proteins aminoacids

B. lipids proteins

C. carbohydrates lipids

D. proteins lipids

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18. WhichvesselscorrespondwiththedescriptionsofI,IIandIIIbelow?

I. Thickouterlayeroflongitudinalcollagen.Thicklayersofcircularelasticandmusclefibres.Narrowlumen.

II. Thinouterlayeroflongitudinalcollagen.Thinlayerswithafewcircularelasticandmusclefibres.Widelumen.

III. Wallconsistsofsingle layerofcells. Poresbetweencells that formthewall. Verynarrowlumen.

I II III

A. artery vein capillary

B. vein artery capillary

C. artery capillary vein

D. vein capillary artery

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19. Whichprocessesarerepresentedbythelabelsinthediagrambelow?

I

II

I II

A. A phagocyte ingesting a microbe byexocytosis.

DigestionofthemicrobewiththehelpoftheGolgiapparatus.

B. A phagocyte ingesting a microbe byendocytosis.

Digestionofthemicrobewiththehelpofalysosome.

C. A phagocyte ingesting a microbe byexocytosis.

Digestionofthemicrobewiththehelpofalysosome.

D. A phagocyte ingesting a microbe byendocytosis.

DigestionofthemicrobewiththehelpoftheGolgiapparatus.

20. Which typeofurinewouldbeproduced inahumanwhosedietcontainsverysmallquantitiesofproteinorfluid?

Urea Concentration Salt Concentration

A. High Low

B. Low High

C. High High

D. Low Low

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21. Thediagrambelowshowsthehumanmalereproductivesystemandassociatedorgans.

X

Y

Z

Whichofthelabelledstructuresindicatethebladder,prostateandurethra?

Bladder Prostate Urethra

A. Y X Z

B. X Y Z

C. Z X Y

D. X Z Y

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22. Whataretheeffect(s)ofchanginglevelsofFSHinthehumanmenstrualcycle?

A. Peaklevelscauseovulation.

B. Peaklevelsstimulatefollicledevelopmentandestrogensecretionofthefollicle.

C. Peaklevelsstimulatefollicledevelopmentandprogesteronesecretionofthefollicle.

D. Peaklevelscauserepairoftheliningoftheuterus.

23. Whicharethecorrectdirectionsofthefollowingprocesses?

Replication Transcription Translation

A. �’to�’ �’to�’ �’to�’

B. �’to�’ �’to�’ �’to�’

C. �’to�’ �’to�’ �’to�’

D. �’to�’ �’to�’ �’to�’

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24. Whichstageoftranslationisillustratedbythediagrambelow?

A. Termination

B. Initiation

C. Translocation

D. Elongation

Aminoendofpolypeptide

mRNA

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25. Thediagrambelowshowstheenergylevelsofareactioninthepresenceorabsenceofanenzyme.WhatisthebestexplanationofthedifferentenergylevelslabelledI,IIandIII?

I

II

III

Energyofreactants

Energyofproducts

Progressofreaction

Ener

gyle

vel

I II III

A. Absenceofanenzyme Presenceofanenzyme Endergonicreaction

B. Presenceofanenzyme Absenceofanenzyme Exergonicreaction

C. Absenceofanenzyme Presenceofanenzyme Exergonicreaction

D. Presenceofanenzyme Absenceofanenzyme Endergonicreaction

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26. InthediagramofachloroplastbelowwherewilltheCalvincycletakeplace?

I

II

III

IV

A. I

B. II

C. III

D. IV

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27. The diagram below shows the three stages of glycolysis. Which processes are indicated by I, IIandIII?

6-carbonglucose

6-carbonglucosephosphate

�-carbonsugarphosphate

�-carbonsugarphosphate

�-carbonpyruvate

�-carbonpyruvate

I

II

III

I II III

A. Lysis Phosphorylation OxidationandATPformation

B. OxidationandATPformation

Phosphorylation Lysis

C. Phosphorylation Lysis OxidationandATPformation

D. Phosphorylation OxidationandATPformation

Lysis

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28. Whichlimitingfactorofphotosynthesisisshownbelow?

Rat

eof

pho

tosy

nthe

sis

A. Increasingcarbondioxideconcentration

B. Increasingtemperature

C. Increasinglightintensity

D. Increasinghumidity

29. InDrosophilatheallelefornormalwings(W)isdominantoverthealleleforvestigalwings(w)andtheallelefornormalbody(G)isdominantoverthealleleforebonybody(g).IftwoDrosophilawiththegenotypesWwggandwwGgarecrossedtogether,whatratioofphenotypesisexpectedintheoffspring?

A. 9× normalwings,normalbody:�× normalwings,ebonybody:�× vestigalwings,normalbody:1× vestigalwings,ebonybody

B. �× normalwings,normalbody:�× normalwings,ebonybody:�× vestigalwings,normalbody:1× vestigalwings,ebonybody

C. �× normalwings,normalbody:1× normalwings,ebonybody:�× vestigalwings,normalbody:1× vestigalwings,ebonybody

D. 1× normalwings,normalbody:1× normalwings,ebonybody:1× vestigalwings,normalbody:1× vestigalwings,ebonybody

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30. Whatconstitutesalinkagegroup?

A. Geneswhoselociareondifferentchromosomes

B. Genescarriedonthesamechromosome

C. Genescontrollingapolygeniccharacteristic

D. GenesfortheinheritanceofABObloodgroups

31. Whatarethepossibleoutcomesofrecombination?

I. Adifferentcombinationofunlinkedgenesnotseenintheparents II. Adifferentcombinationoflinkedgenesnotseenintheparents III. Thesamecombinationofgenesseenintheparents

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

32. Whichcorrectlydescribestheroleoftheepididymisinsemenproduction?

A. Producesfluidcontainingfructosetonurturesperm.

B. Finishesmaturationofspermsothattheyarecapableofswimming.

C. Producesalkalinefluidwithmineralstoprotectsperm.

D. Producesfluidcontainingfructoseandstorematuresperm.

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33. Afterfertilization whatisthecorrectorderofevents?

A. EmbryosecretesHCG→implantationofembryoinuterinewall→stimulatescorpusluteumtogrow

B. Implantationofembryoinuterinewall→stimulatescorpusluteumtogrow→embryosecretesHCG

C. Implantationofembryoinuterinewall→embryosecretesHCG→stimulatescorpusluteumtogrow

D. Continuedsecretionofprogesteroneandestrogen→embryosecretesHCG→stimulatescorpusluteumtogrow→implantationofembryoinuterinewall

34. Colostrum,thefirstmilkproducedbythemotheraftergivingbirth,alsocontainsantibodiesthatcanbeabsorbedintothebaby’sblood.Whattypeofimmunityisthebabyacquiringfromitsmother?

A. Passive

B. Antigen

C. Active

D. Artificial

35. Whatisthecorrectorderintheproductionofmonoclonalantibodies?

A. IsolateB-cellsproducingspecificantibody→injectantigensintoanimal→fuseB-cellswithtumourcells→harvestmonoclonalantibodies.

B. Injectantigensintoanimal→isolateB-cellsproducingspecificantibody→fuseB-cellswithtumourcells→harvestmonoclonalantibodies.

C. IsolateB-cellsproducingspecificantibody→fuseB-cellswithtumourcells→injectantigensintoanimal→harvestmonoclonalantibodies.

D. Injectantigensintoanimal→fuseculturedB-cellswithtumourcells→isolateB-cellsproducingspecificantibody→harvestmonoclonalantibodies.

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36. Afterdepolorizationwhathappenstorestoretherestingpotential?

A. Sodiumchannelsopenandsodiumionsdiffuseoutoftheneuron

B. Potassiumchannelsopenandpotassiumionsdiffuseintotheneuron

C. Potassiumchannelsopenandpotassiumionsdiffuseoutoftheneuron

D. Sodiumchannelsopenandsodiumionsdiffuseintotheneuron

37. Thediagrambelowshowspartofamusclefibre.WhatpartsarelabelledIandII?

I II

I II

A. Myosinfilaments Actinfilaments

B. Troponinfilaments Tropomyosinfilaments

C. Tropomyosinfilaments Troponinfilaments

D. Actinfilaments Myosinfilaments

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38. Whichexcretoryproductisassociatedwithwhichgroupoforganisms?

Urea Ammonia

A. Freshwaterfish Birds

B. Mammals Freshwaterfish

C. Birds Mammals

D. Mammals Plants

39. Whichprocessstartsthegerminationofastarchyseed.

A. Productionofgibberellin

B. Absorptionofwater

C. Maltoseisconvertedtoglucosewater

D. Productionofamylase

40. A plant has a waxy cuticle, reduced leaves, reduced number of stomata, and CAM physiology.Whattypeofplantcouldthisbe?

A. Ahydrophyte

B. Afilicinophyte

C. Abryophyte

D. Axerophyte