2212-6007 15 pages

M12/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX

Thursday 17 May 2012 (afternoon)

BIOLOGYHIGHER LEVELPAPER 1

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all the questions.• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on

the answer sheet provided.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks].

1 hour

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2012

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1. Themeanheight for adultmen in theUnitedStates is 1.78mwith a standarddeviationof 8cm.Whichstatementistrue?

A. ThetallestmanintheUnitedStatesis1.86mtall.

B. 68%ofmenintheUnitedStatesarebetween1.74mand1.82mtall.

C. 68%ofmenintheUnitedStatesarebetween1.70mand1.86mtall.

D. 100%ofmenintheUnitedStatesarewithintwostandarddeviationsof1.78m.

2. Whichfunctionsarecarriedoutbyallunicellularorganisms?

A. growth homeostasis photosynthesis response

B. growth homeostasis metabolism response

C. metabolism photosynthesis reproduction response

D. growth nutrition reproduction ventilation

3. Whichpropertymakesstemcellssuitablefortherapeuticuse?

A. Theycandividebymeiosistoformgametes.

B. Theycontainchemicalsthatcankillbacteria.

C. Theirchromosomesaresuitableforgenetransferandcloning.

D. Theycandifferentiateintospecializedcells.

4. Whichfeaturesarepresentinprokaryoticcells?

A. DNA,plasmamembraneandmitochondria

B. DNA,cellwallandpili

C. ribosomes,chloroplastsandcellwall

D. cytoplasm,ribosomesandroughendoplasmicreticulum

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5. Whichprocessispossibleduetothefluidityofcellmembranes?

A. Endocytosis

B. Osmosis

C. ATPproduction

D. Cellrecognition

6. Whichstatementscorrectlyexplainpropertiesofwater?

I. Waterisausefulmediumformetabolicreactionsasmanysubstancesdissolveinwater.

II. Water is useful as a coolant as it takes a small amount of heat energy to change itstemperature.

III. Watermoleculesarecohesivewhichhelpswatertransportintherootsandstemsofplants.

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

7. Whichsugarsarebothdisaccharides?

A. maltoseandlactose

B. lactoseandfructose

C. fructoseandgalactose

D. galactoseandmaltose

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8. WhatoccursduringDNAreplication?

A. DNApolymeraseseparatesthetwoDNAstrands.

B. DNAmoleculescontainingnucleotidesfromtheoriginalmoleculeareproduced.

C. Adenineformsabasepairwitheitherthymineoruracil.

D. Newbasesattachtotheoriginalsugar-phosphatebackbone.

9. Whichgraphshowstheeffectofincreasingthesubstrateconcentrationonenzymeactivity?

A. Enzymeactivity

B. Enzymeactivity

Substrateconcentration Substrateconcentration

C. Enzymeactivity

D. Enzymeactivity

Substrateconcentration Substrateconcentration

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10. Howisoxygenproducedduringphotosynthesis?

A. WatermoleculesaresplitwithenergyfromATP.

B. Watermoleculesaresplitwithenergyfromlight.

C. CarbondioxidemoleculesaresplitwithenergyfromATP.

D. Carbondioxidemoleculesaresplitwithenergyfromlight.

11. Thesequenceofthefirstsixaminoacidsofthenormalβhemoglobin(HbA)chainarelisted.

valine–histidine–leucine–threonine–proline–glutamicacid

Which sequence of amino acids could there be in the first six amino acids of the sickle-cellβhemoglobin(HbS)chain?

A. glutamicacid–histidine–leucine–threonine–proline–valine

B. valine–valine–histidine–leucine–threonine–proline

C. glutamicacid–histidine–leucine–threonine–proline–glutamicacid

D. valine–histidine–leucine–threonine–proline–valine

12. Whatmakesgenetransferbetweenspeciespossible?

A. Allspeciesusethesamegeneticcode.

B. Allspecieshavethesamegeneticmaterial.

C. Allspeciesproducethesamepolypeptides.

D. Allspeciestranscribegenesusingplasmids.

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13. Acertainbreedofmousecanhavefurthatiseitherblackorbrown.Amousebreederperformsatestcrossusingabrownmousetodeterminetheunknowngenotypeofablackmouse.Therearefouroffspringproducedbythecross.Whatconclusionscanbedrawn?

A. Iftheblackmouseishomozygous,oneofthefouroffspringmustbebrown.

B. Iftheblackmouseisheterozygous,threeofthefouroffspringmustbeblack.

C. Theblackmousemustbehomozygousifallfouroffspringareblack.

D. Theblackmousemustbeheterozygousifanyoftheoffspringarebrown.

14. Inapond,twospeciesoffishfeedoninsectsandworms.Theinsectsfeedonthegreenplantsthatliveinthewater.Whatconstitutesapopulationinthisecosystem?

A. Allthelivingorganisms

B. Alltheanimals

C. Allthefish

D. Allthefishofonespecies

15. ThefungusCalocera viscosaobtainsitsnutrientsfromdecayingconifertrees.WhichpairoftermsdescribesC. viscosa’snutrition?

A. autotroph herbivore

B. autotroph saprotroph

C. heterotroph herbivore

D. heterotroph saprotroph

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16. Whatisanexampleoftheprecautionaryprinciple?

A. Avoidingcigarettesastheyincreasethechancesoflungcancer

B. Reducingcarbondioxideemissionsastheymaycauseglobalwarming

C. Avoidingstrongsunlightasitincreasesthechancesofskincancer

D. Reducingcodfishingtoincreasefishstocks

17. Inapopulationofrabbitsstudiedoveraperiodofsixmonths,itwasfoundthatnatalitywasgreaterthanmortalityandemigrationwasgreaterthanimmigration.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutthefinalpopulationofrabbits?

A. Itwillhaveincreased.

B. Itwillhavedecreased.

C. Itwillbeexactlythesame.

D. Thereisnotenoughinformationtomakeavalidconclusion.

18. Basedonbinomialnomenclature,whichtwospeciesaremostcloselyrelated?

I. Commonbarberry(Berberis vulgaris)

II. Canadianbunchberry(Cornus canadensis)

III. Smoothblackberry(Rubus canadensis)

IV. Canadianbarberry(Berberis canadensis)

A. IandIV

B. IIandIII

C. IIandIV

D. IIIandIV

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19. Whatistheconditionofthevalvesoftheheartwhentherightventricleiscontracting?

Atrio-ventricular valve Semilunar valve

A. open open

B. open closed

C. closed closed

D. closed open

20. WhateffectdoesHIVhaveontheimmunesystem?

A. Itpreventsleucocytesfromfightingbacteriabyphagocytosis.

B. Itcausesexcessiveproductionofleucocytesinbonemarrow.

C. Itdestroysantibodiesproducedbyleucocytes.

D. Itlowersthenumberofleucocytes,reducingantibodyproduction.

21. Whatisafeatureofalveoli?

A. Theyoccurinallanimalsbecausetheyareneededforgasexchange.

B. Theyhaveahigheroxygenconcentration thanair in the atmosphere to increase the rateofdiffusion.

C. Theyhavewallsthatareonecellthickforfasterdiffusion.

D. Theyaresmallsokeepthegasesinsidethemmoreconcentrated.

22. Whatisacharacteristicofaxonsinmotorneurons?

A. Whenthereisarestingpotential,theoutsideoftheaxonisnegativerelativetotheinside.

B. Duringanactionpotential,Na+ionsdiffuseoutoftheaxon.

C. K+ionsdiffusingoutoftheaxonrepolarizesit.

D. Impulsesintheaxontraveltowardsthecellbody.

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23. Whichresponsetakesplacewhenbloodglucoselevelsarelow?

A. Glucagonisreleasedfromtheαcellsofthepancreaticislets.

B. Glucagonisreleasedfromtheβcellsofthepancreaticislets.

C. Insulinisreleasedfromtheαcellsofthepancreaticislets.

D. Insulinisreleasedfromtheβcellsofthepancreaticislets.

24. Duringthemenstrualcycle,whatoccursinresponsetoafallintheprogesteronelevel?

A. Growthoftheuteruslining

B. Growthofthefolliclesurroundingtheegg

C. Ovulation

D. Menstruation

25. Whichstatementappliestotranscriptionineukaryoticcellsbutnottoprokaryoticcells?

A. RNApolymerasetranscribestheantisensestrandofDNAtoproduceastrandofRNA.

B. Duringtranscription,uracilreplacesthymineinRNA.

C. Transcriptiontakesplaceinthecellnucleus.

D. InitiationoftranscriptionrequiresapromotersequenceofDNA.

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26. Asubstrateundergoesaseriesofenzyme-catalysedreactionstoformintermediatesubstancesX,Yandthenthefinalproduct.

Enzyme1 Enzyme2 Enzyme3

Substrate IntermediateX

IntermediateY Finalproduct

Whatwouldbetheeffectonthereactionofaddingacompetitiveinhibitortoenzyme2?

A. ThesubstratewouldnotreacttoformintermediateX.

B. TheconcentrationofintermediateXwouldincrease.

C. Theactivityofenzyme3wouldincreasetocompensate.

D. Nofinalproductwouldbeformed.

27. Whateffectwouldaddinganenzymehaveonenergychangesduringthereaction?

Energy

Time

A. ReduceenergychangeI

B. ReduceenergychangeII

C. IncreaseenergychangeII

D. IncreaseenergychangeIII

I

II

Reactants

Products

III

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28. WhatisthetotalnumberofATPmoleculesusedandproducedduringglycolysis?

ATP used during glycolysis

ATP produced during glycolysis

A. 2 2

B. 0 2

C. 2 4

D. 4 4

29. WherepreciselyinthecelldothereactionsoftheKrebscycletakeplace?

A. Inthecytoplasm

B. Inthespacebetweentheinnerandoutermembraneofthemitochondria

C. Onthesurfaceofcristaeinthemitochondria

D. Inthefluidmatrixofthemitochondria

30. Whatoccursduringthelight-independentreactionsofphotosynthesis?

A. ATPisproduced.

B. Ribosereactswithcarbondioxidetoformglucose.

C. Energyforthecycleisprovidedbythelight-dependentreaction.

D. Darknessstimulatestheconversionofglucosetostarch.

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31. Amanattachesabirdboxtothetrunkofadicotyledonoustree.Afewyearslaterhereturnstothetreeandfindsthathisbirdboxisstillattachedandthetreeismuchtaller.Howhighwillhisbirdboxbefromtheground?

A. Unchangedasgrowthfromtheapicalmeristemwouldbeabovethebox.

B. Unchangedasgrowthfromthelateralmeristemwouldbeabovethebox.

C. Higherasgrowthfromtheapicalmeristemwouldbebelowthebox.

D. Higherasgrowthfromthelateralmeristemwouldbebelowthebox.

32. Underwhichconditionswouldtherateoftranspirationbegreatest?

A. Humidandcoolwithwind

B. Dryandhotwithwind

C. Dryandhotwithnowind

D. Humidandcoolwithnowind

33. Maize(Zea mays)contains20chromosomesinadiploidcell.Howmanychromosomeswillbeineachcellafterthefirstandseconddivisionofmeiosis?

After first meiotic division

After second meiotic division

A. 10 10

B. 20 10

C. 40 20

D. 10 5

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34. Whatcausesvariationinbothsexuallyandasexuallyreproducingorganisms?

A. Mutations

B. Polygenicinheritance

C. Crossingover

D. Independentassortment

35. Whichreactionduringbloodclottingiscatalysedbytheenzymethrombin?

A. Solublefibrintofibrousfibrinogen

B. Solublefibrinogentofibrousfibrin

C. Fibrousfibrinogentosolublefibrin

D. Fibrousfibrintosolublefibrinogen

36. Whichtypesofimmunityareacquiredbyeachofthefollowingactions?

Antigens injected into a child by vaccination

Antibodies crossing the placenta to the fetus

Antibodies received by baby from breastfeeding

A. passive passive active

B. passive active passive

C. active active active

D. active passive passive

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37. Whatisthefunctionofthesynovialfluidintheelbowjoint?

A. Itremoveswasteproductsfromthesurroundingtissue.

B. Itprovidesglucoseandoxygentothecartilage.

C. Itlubricatesthejointandpreventsfriction.

D. Itpreventsthebonefrombecomingbrittle.

38. Whatwouldresultfromdrinkinglargequantitiesofwater?

ADH Permeability of the collecting duct to water

A. secreted increased

B. secreted decreased

C. notsecreted increased

D. notsecreted decreased

39. Whatistheroleofcalciumionsduringmusclecontraction?

A. Toblockthemyosinbindingsiteonactinwhenthemuscleisnotcontracting

B. Tomovethemoleculesblockingthemyosinbindingsiteonactin

C. Toformcross-bridgesbetweentheactinandmyosinfilaments

D. Toprovidetheenergyforresettingthemyosinheads

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40. Whatisablastocyst?

A. Anunfertilizedeggsurroundedbyfolliclecells

B. Anunfertilizedeggcellexpelledbymenstruation

C. Thefolliclewhenithasswelledupwithfluid

D. Theembryowhenithasbecomeahollowballofcells