i

Several sectors predict that the Thai economy will grow at a rate of 4-5 %compared with the previous year. Several policy makers also forecast that thegrowth of Thai GDP will increase at the same rate. To support the growth, theDepartment of Mineral Resources, the government organization overlooking theexploration and production of petroleum and coal which are two major contributorsto our economic growth has to ensure that we can meet the increasing demandand more indigenous energy resources be explored.

Presently, petroleum consumption in Thailand is about one million barrels of oilequivalent per day while the indigenous petroleum production is about 37% ofthe demand. With the rising oil price, it becomes a policy to reduce importedfuels to save our foreign currency while at the same time to increase indigenouspetroleum production. With large gas reserves in the Gulf, the usage of gas has beenencouraged, especially in the power generation. Natural gas vehicle project is alsopromoted. Natural gas consumption has increased 10% since the Thai economycollapsed. As a consequence, gas industry will be upgraded and might be a primeattraction for interested investors with a sign of gas industry privatization.

For the reason of energy security, Thailand needs to balance several kinds of energyused. Therefore, not only we promote petroleum and natural gas industry, but wealso encourage investment in coal business. More coal potential areas will bebidded for exploration and production. During all the processes, in order to protectthe quality of Thai’s lives and to conserve environment, greener technologicaladvances will also be promoted.

Finally, to recover from the economic crisis and for the better living of the Thaipeople, the Department of Mineral Resources, with the support and cooperationfrom the concessionaires, will do our best to supply energy fuels to supportthe expected economic growth.

M e s s a g e f r o m t h e

Director-General

Nopadon Mantajit

Director GeneralDepartment of Mineral Resources

ii

The new millennium is still full of promising futures for our concessionaires. Thereare good signs for energy business, in particular, the sharp increasing oil pricesand continual energy demand despite the global economic slow down.

For the Mineral Fuels Division (MFD), in 2000, we opened 87 petroleam explorationand production areas for bids. Many areas are still open for interested oil companies.At the same time, the operations of the awarded areas are still very active,especially in the production areas. The obvious motives are the rising oil/gas pricesand the promotion of indigenous energy uses due to trade deficit from importedenergy.

Coal has also played an important role as a major energy source for decades. Manycoal basins are also open for bids in accordance with the Announcement undersection 6 bis of the Mineral Act B.E 2510 with the approval of the cabinet. Withthe new advanced technology, coal is becoming a cleaner energy and is expectedto last at least for more than 150 years.

However, petroleum and coal are unrenewable energy. To make them last longer,new resources need to be explored and wisely exploited, and energy conservationpromoted. There measures are not only aimed for recovery from present crisis butalso for the benefit of our future generations.

Finally, this annual report is prepared with the hope that it will provide usefulinformation and references on the energy activities for the readers. Much affortsare put into it. Howerer, recommendations, or correction if any, are very welcomedand we do hope the readers will find it useful.

M e s s a g e f r o m t h e

Director

Krairit Nilkuha

DirectorMineral Fuels Division

iii

C o n t e n t

Message from the Director-General i

Message from the Director ii

Content iii

Highlights 1

Benefits 2

Thailandûs Petroleum Balance 7

Concessions 10

Exploration 16

Field Development 19

Production 27

Health, Safety and Environment 34

Activities in the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area (MTJA) 35

Petroleum Reserves 36

Coal Activities in Thailand 39

List of Petroleum Concessionaires 47

Government Agencies and State Enterprises 50

List of Coal Operators in Thailand 52

Abbreviation 54

Content

1

Activites 1998 1999 2000 Unit

Geophysical Surveys

• magnetic 3,820 - - km

• gravity – - - km

• 2D seismic 4,313 2,534 493 line-km

• 3D seismic 5,459 1,658 134 sq. km

Drilling

• exploratory *28 *35 *47 well

• development 193 165 179 well

New Prospects

• number of new prospects 3 8 **2

Production (Total Sale)

• by 8 8 8 concessionaire

• from 24 26 25 field

- natural gas 591 649 671 Bcf

- condensate 16.3 17.9 19.3 MMbbl

- oil 10.2 11.5 20.5 MMbbl

• values 65.23 68.58 107.27 billion baht

• royalties 8.04 8.50 13.47 billion baht

- royalty allocation to the sub-district

administration organization 206.17 203.43 330.63 million baht

- royalty allocation to the provincial

administration organization - 305.14 495.94 million baht

Concessions

• number of concessions 28 26 25

• number of concession blocks 37 33 32

* Include appraisal wells

**Noan Pluang in S1 & Arthit in B15A &B16A

H i g h l i g h t s

Highlights

2

B e n e f i t s

BenefitsIn 2000 petroleum production contributed 13.474 billion baht of royalty to thecountry. This cash broke down into 58 %, 19% and 23% collected from gas,condensate and oil, respectively. The royalty increased by 59% from 1999.

In return to local community affected by production activities, portions ofthe royalty were allocated through local administrations. 20% of the royaltycollected within the produced area under several townships was equallyprorated to every Sub-District Administration Organization (SDAO). As such,30% was given to Provincial Administration Organization (PAO).

In 2000, the royalty collected from five onshore petroleum concessionswere allocated to 21 SDAOs and 7 PAOs as follows:

Block Province Sub-District Administration No. of Royalty allocation (baht)Organizations (SDAO) SDAO Each Subtotal

S1 Kamphaeng Phet Lan Krabu, Nong Luang*, Chonglom, 5 23,377,770 257,155,480Bueng Tab Rat, Non Pluang

Phitsanulok Kui Muang, Chum Saeng Songkhram, 4Bung Kok, Nong Kula

Sukhothai Kong, Nong Tum 2NC Kamphaeng Phet Nong Luang* 1 1,054,693 2,109,387

Sukhothai Nong Chik 1E5 Khon Kaen Kudnamsai, Muang Wan, Nam Phong 3 22,981,202 68,943,606

PTTEP 1 Nakhon Pathom Thung Luk Nok 1 582,197 1,746,591Suphan Buri Suan Taeng, Chedi 2

SW Phetchabun Si Thep, Na Sanun, Bo Rang 3 223,791 671,373

Total 21 330,626,438

Remark : * Nong Luang SDAO has been allocated royalty from block S1 and NC.

Block Province No. of Royalty allocation (baht)PAO Each Subtotal

S1 Kamphaeng Phet, Phitsanulok, Sukhothai 3 128,577,740 385,733,220NC Kamphaeng Phet, Sukhothai 2 1,582,040 3,164,080E5 Khon Kaen 1 103,415,409 103,415,409

PTTEP 1 Nakhon Pathom, Suphan Buri 2 1,309,944 2,619,888SW Phetchabun 1 1,007,059 1,007,059

Total 7 495,939,657

Remarks : S1 Thai Shell Exploration and Production Co., Ltd.PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd.

NC Sino- U.S. Petroleum Inc.Combined Oil and Gas (Thailand) Inc.Thai Energy Resources Ltd.Sino Thai Energy Ltd.

E5 Esso Exploration and Production Khorat Inc.PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd.

PTTEP1 PTTEP International Ltd.SW Pacific Tiger Energy (Thailand) Ltd.

3

The aggregate cumulative petroleum royalty collected since the beginning ofpetroleum production is around 72.086 billion baht, divided into 66%, 18% and16%, from gas, condensate and oil, respectively.

To the country as a whole, the produced gas was value added by splitting offpetrochemical feedstocks. Over 2000, Thailand separated 487,500 tonnes,219,600 tonnes, 352,090 tonnes and 1,363,350 tonnes of ethane, propane, car-bondioxide and LPG, respectively, from 5 gas seperation plants. The processalso dropped 2,080,340 barrels of NGL as by-product.

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4

Sales, Value and Royalty of Crude Oil

Petroleum Field 1981-1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total

Sirikit (LPG)Sales (MMkg)* 41.10 489.74 107.61 107.37 107.75 99.60 106.12 1,059.29Value (million baht) 251.51 3,043.86 584.83 725.92 603.90 732.60 1,165.13 7,107.75Royalty (million baht) 31.44 380.48 73.10 90.74 75.48 91.57 145.64 888.45

Sirikit et al.Sales (Mbbl) 14,663.18 35,528.54 39,319.39 6,800.62 6,461.68 7,534.65 8,405.62 8,619.32 127,333.00Value (million baht) 9,616.95 14,942.29 16,217.34 3,174.15 3,522.40 3,850.04 5,179.49 8,877.88 65,380.54Royalty (million baht) 1,202.11 1,867.79 2,027.23 396.77 440.30 481.25 647.43 1,109.74 8,172.62

Nang NuanSales (Mbbl) 475.75 1,687.87 1,908.64 434.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,506.46Value (million baht) 156.14 670.76 919.00 308.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,054.03Royalty (million baht) 19.52 83.84 114.88 38.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 256.75

Kamphang Saen + U-ThongSales (Mbbl) 1,826.07 350.91 294.10 231.88 198.68 195.41 3,097.05Value (million baht) 637.55 154.97 150.63 92.41 100.93 184.08 1,320.57Royalty (million baht) 31.88 7.75 7.53 4.11 5.06 9.21 65.54

Bung Ya + Bung MuangSales (Mbbl) 315.70 151.16 180.42 177.54 198.68 224.22 1,247.72Value (million baht) 112.75 66.96 91.99 68.56 104.92 214.51 659.69Royalty (million baht) 5.64 3.35 4.59 3.42 5.24 10.73 32.97

Wichian BuriSales (Mbbl) 54.70 101.66 72.18 88.28 49.25 78.34 444.41Value (million baht) 16.81 37.92 32.59 31.74 26.36 69.76 215.18Royalty (million baht) 0.84 1.90 1.44 1.58 1.32 3.49 10.57

TantawanSales (Mbbl) 1,839.11 2,151.22 1,546.37 2,946.23 8,482.93Value (million baht) 1,230.51 1,188.38 1,204.95 3,353.93 6,977.77Royalty (million baht) 160.62 131.33 141.84 439.05 872.84

BenchamasSales (Mbbl) 1,117.09 8,459.14 9,576.23Value (million baht) 1,051.08 10,368.15 11,419.23Royalty (million baht) 133.05 1,356.70 1,489.75

TotalSales (Mbbl) 14,663.18 36,004.29 43,203.73 9,312.99 9,281.69 10,183.57 11,515.69 20,522.68 154,687.82Value (million baht) 9,616.95 15,349.94 20,699.06 4,937.83 6,062.17 5,835.03 8,400.33 24,233.45 95,134.76Royalty (million baht) 1,202.11 1,918.74 2,529.91 597.74 743.73 697.17 1,025.51 3,074.54 11,789.46

* LPG,s sales not included in total sales

5

Sales, Value and Royalty of Condensate

Petroleum Field 1981-1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total

ErawanSales (Mbbl) 9,494.31 12,607.63 16,550.49 3,038.82 3,510.26 3,514.71 3,517.01 3,112.66 55,345.89Value (million baht) 6,625.16 5,632.17 7,457.98 1,481.77 2,167.87 1,957.43 2,239.08 3,372.94 30,934.40Royalty (million baht) 828.17 688.84 932.25 185.22 270.98 244.68 279.87 421.62 3,851.63

BaanpotSales (Mbbl) 1,005.31 2,106.17 727.86 126.03 310.72 211.68 183.59 131.38 4,802.74Value (million baht) 693.72 920.18 426.28 64.66 184.57 112.15 129.38 141.84 2,672.78Royalty (million baht) 86.71 113.21 53.28 8.08 23.07 14.01 16.17 17.73 332.26

Satun + South SatunSales (Mbbl) 976.98 9,309.86 14,301.36 3,023.94 3,297.39 2,872.54 2,890.10 2,250.35 38,922.52Value (million baht) 731.41 4,193.19 6,382.73 1,477.48 2,011.75 1,597.25 1,829.96 2,429.30 20,653.07Royalty (million baht) 91.42 552.07 797.83 184.68 251.46 199.65 228.73 303.66 2,609.5

Platong + KaphongSales (Mbbl) 1,119.40 7,290.49 4,548.15 987.40 2,120.58 1,983.49 1,132.01 1,209.25 20,390.77Value (million baht) 835.33 3,196.25 2,075.23 493.66 1,300.87 1,121.81 692.34 1,296.82 11,012.31Royalty (million baht) 104.42 392.53 259.40 61.71 162.60 140.22 86.53 162.10 1,369.51

FunanSales (Mbbl) 8,950.21 1,514.22 1,667.72 1,988.49 1,577.42 1,520.70 17,218.76Value (million baht) 3,912.72 741.21 1,041.29 1,122.24 1,032.75 1,669.20 9,519.40Royalty (million baht) 489.08 92.65 130.16 140.28 129.08 208.65 1,189.90

JakrawanSales (Mbbl) 362.64 271.80 784.64 785.02 785.09 769.19 3,758.38Value (million baht) 148.31 137.66 483.21 445.50 515.38 830.22 2,560.27Royalty (million baht) 18.53 17.21 60.40 55.68 64.41 103.78 320.01

SuratSales (Mbbl) 979.75 133.02 104.75 169.73 194.49 18.64 1,600.38Value (million baht) 412.12 64.14 63.92 95.37 124.19 17.06 776.81Royalty (million baht) 51.52 8.02 7.98 11.92 15.79 2.13 97.36

GominSales (Mbbl) 63.31 1,224.82 934.61 380.51 267.58 522.85 3,393.68Value (million baht) 25.45 590.48 551.50 223.40 158.66 536.26 2,085.75Royalty (million baht) 3.18 73.81 68.93 27.92 19.82 67.03 260.69

Pladang + TratSales (Mbbl) 528.64 659.33 1,242.91 2,430.88

Value (million baht) 263.31 506.34 1,298.76 2,068.41Royalty (million baht) 32.91 19.82 162.34 258.53

PlamukSales (Mbbl) 27.82 92.97 25.58 146.36Value (million baht) 19.10 74.54 25.96 119.60Royalty (million baht) 2.38 9.31 3.25 14.94

PailinSales (Mbbl) 1,506.66 3,783.43 5,290.09Value (million baht) 1,018.36 3,823.22 4,841.58Royalty (million baht) 131.99 477.52 609.51

BongkotSales (Mbbl) 3,242.56 2,967.21 3,769.49 3,854.77 5,138.11 4,786.52 23,758.66Value (million baht) 1,303.19 1,588.58 2,320.89 2,057.25 3,414.07 5,084.04 15,768.02Royalty (million baht) 162.89 198.57 290.11 257.15 426.75 635.50 1,970.98

TotalSales (Mbbl) 12,595.99 31,314.14 49,726.33 13,287.26 16,500.16 16,317.40 17,944.36 19,373.47 177,059.11Value (million baht) 8,885.63 13,941.79 22,144.01 6,639.63 10,125.87 9,014.81 11,735.05 20,525.62 103,012.41Royalty (million baht) 1,110.72 1,746.65 2,767.98 829.95 1,265.69 1,126.80 1,471.73 2,565.32 12,884.85

6

Sales, Value and Royalty of Natural Gas

Petroleum Field 1981-1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total

ErawanSales (MMcf) 243,200.06 370,849.54 490,269.04 94,447.88 95,457.56 106,442.57 108,734.18 99,898.73 1,609,299.56Value (million baht) 15,068.59 19,212.13 24,503.75 4,547.99 6,705.43 8,165.08 7,415.74 7,843.00 93,461.71Royalty (million baht) 1,901.51 2,401.52 3,062.97 568.50 838.17 1,020.63 926.96 980.38 11,700.64

Baanpot + South SatunSales (MMcf) 20,774.26 55,919.24 102,401.27 20,280.53 30,872.82 30,980.23 31,455.52 23,909.62 316,593.49Value (million baht) 1,242.64 3,197.02 5,661.70 1,189.34 2,232.10 2,872.66 2,445.83 2,143.76 20,985.05Royalty (million baht) 155.32 399.62 707.70 148.67 279.00 359.08 305.72 267.97 2,623.08

Satun + Pladang + TratSales (MMcf) 23,703.35 303,597.08 362,543.97 72,676.87 78,172.92 79,214.36 81,051.01 81,514.20 1,082,473.76Value (million baht) 1,493.45 17,634.72 20,295.10 4,474.02 6,036.62 7,653.19 6,639.07 7,501.30 71,727.47Royalty (million baht) 186.68 2,204.34 2,536.89 559.25 754.57 956.64 829.88 937.73 8,965.98

Platong + Kaphong + Surat + PlamukSales (MMcf) 21,077.65 140,296.14 116,867.86 25,329.75 49,488.27 43,880.49 28,545.42 27,208.55 452,694.13Value (million baht) 1,238.57 7,921.98 6,124.60 1,381.45 3,341.66 3,782.69 2,023.46 2,206.68 28,021.09Royalty (million baht) 154.82 990.25 765.57 172.68 417.70 472.82 252.57 275.83 3,502.24

Funan+ Jakrawan + GominSales (MMcf) 220,760.26 74,646.77 92,325.23 98,095.05 94,310.60 89,568.55 669,706.46Value (million baht) 13,246.47 4,360.78 6,646.54 8,922.67 6,915.45 7,611.15 47,703.06Royalty (million baht) 1,655.80 545.10 830.81 1,115.32 864.42 951.39 5,962.84

PailinSales (MMcf) 19,032.40 62,656.62 81,689.02Value (million baht) 1,566.88 5,762.35 7,329.23Royalty (million baht) 195.86 720.29 916.15

BongkotSales (MMcf) 182,232.05 120,745.86 125,965.19 154,723.86 205,814.50 191,937.71 981,419.17Value (million baht) 9,779.71 7,401.65 9,411.21 13,712.42 15,862.68 20,530.39 76,698.06Royalty (million baht) 1,222.47 925.21 1,176.40 1,714.05 1,928.83 2,566.30 9,587.25

Sirikit + Sirikit West + Pru KrathiamSales (MMcf) 11,860.54 40,795.77 63,074.80 14,641.87 14,663.50 13,905.90 14,287.12 16,154.10 189,383.60Value (million baht) 474.36 1,363.99 2,501.57 638.11 814.82 917.73 821.06 1,422.03 8,953.67Royalty (million baht) 59.29 170.50 312.69 79.76 110.85 114.71 102.63 177.75 1,128.18

Nam PhongSales (MMcf) 26.46 106,470.39 23,490.80 28,601.02 31,941.19 33,013.41 26,061.74 249,605.01Value (million baht) 0.86 3,981.42 1,201.91 1,976.41 2,030.98 2,507.09 2,804.23 14,502.90Royalty (million baht) 0.11 497.68 150.24 247.05 253.87 313.38 350.53 1,812.86

TantawanSales (MMcf) 29,852.79 31,886.55 23,243.42 19,921.04 104,903.80Value (million baht) 1,784.26 2,331.92 1,410.57 1,567.56 7,094.31Royalty (million baht) 170.21 210.79 135.53 201.57 718.10

BenchamasSales (MMcf) 10,495.62 32,871.94 43,367.56Value (million baht) 834.14 3,123.02 3,957.16Royalty (million baht) 90.18 404.37 494.55

TotalSales (MMcf) 320,615.86 911,484.221,644,619.64 446,260.33 545,399.30 591,070.19 649,983.20 671,702.79 5,781,135.53Value (million baht) 19,517.61 49,330.70 86,094.32 25,195.25 38,949.05 50,389.34 48,441.97 62,515.47 380,433.69Royalty (million baht) 2,457.62 6,166.34 10,761.77 3,149.41 4,824.76 6,217.91 5,999.96 7,834.13 47,411.90

7

Petroleum procurement of Thailandin 2000 was 1,133.24 MbpdOE, or4.0% higher than 1999. The figurebroke down into 66.5% import and33.5% indigenous production. Theincrease in import was due to naturalgas from Myanmar and the continuallygrowing domestic petroleum wasmainly because of the increase inChevron’s crude oil production.

Total import oil reduced by 3.5%, but the net importoil further reduced by 6.6%. The Middle Eastwas still major oil exporters to Thailand, but thedelivery was at decreasing rate. The Far East, especially Malaysia and Brunei, recentlybecame more important oil suppliers for Thailand. UAE, Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia andMalaysia were among top five of oil exporters to Thailand.

Second year in a row, Thailand received Myanmargas in much higher rate, but still lower thanDCQ. The increase of imported gas together withthe steadily growing of domestic gas made gasconsumption in 2000 highly increased by 39.2%.Large increment of gas usage was due to extremereduction of fuel oil used in electricity generation.

All items of import refined products decreasedprobably because of lower country consumption aswell as the oversupply of domestic refineries.

Shrinkage of the market caused all refineries reduced their production. All products exceptLPG decreased.

LPG production in 2000 grew by 73.3%. The total of 95.67 MbpdOE LPG production came fromoil refineries (64.9%), gas seperators (32.6%) and petrochemical plants (2.5%).

Export of the year highlighted on crude oil. About 94.5% of oil produced from Chevron’s fieldswas delivered globally. This export figure increased approximately 3.8 folds. It was quoted bysome sources that Chevron’s oil was unsuitable for refinery specification of Thai refineries.On the contrary export condensate decreased continually from 64% in 1996 down to 10% ofthe total output in 2000.

P e t r o l e u m B a l a n c e

Petroleum Balance

Oil Equivalent (OE) herein means Thai crude,which, on average, contains 9,098 kcal/litrebased on heating value, a barrel of OE is equiv-alent to:

• 5,438 cubic feet of natural gas• 1.048 barrels of import oil• 1.103 barrels of condensate or NGL• 1.431 barrels of LPG• 1.210 barrles of gasoline• 1.103 barrels of aviation fuel or kerosene• 1.046 barrels of diesel• 0.958 barrels of fuel oil• 0.925 barrels of bitumen or other

Myanmar Gas Imported

Field 1999 2000

Yadana 781,456 46,435,277

Yetagun 0 11,393,022

Total 781,456 57,828,299

Unit in MMbtuSource: PTTEP

Actual Imported Crude Oil

1999 2000

Total Import 666.98 643.51

Total Export 7.30 27.46

Net Import 659.68 616.05

Unit in MbpdOE

8

In conclusion, the energy situation in 2000 wasthat Thailand still depended on sources aboardespecially crude oil for domestic refineries.All refineries in the country would operate lessthan their capacity till next few years. Lessimportant, Myanmar gas caused the reductionof national gas production in 2000 and couldcertainly do so in the future.

Exported Condensate

Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

% Total 64 52 52 27 10

Imported Oil in 2000Exporter Million liters %

UAE 8,469 21.93Oman 5,371 13.91Yemen 4,514 11.69Saudi Arabia 3,813 9.87Malaysia 3,678 9.52Brunei 3,505 9.08Kuwait 1,805 4.64Iran 1,637 4.24Qatar 1,362 3.53Iraq 1,302 3.37Australia 586 1.52Indonesia 563 1.46China 552 1.43Vietnam 404 1.05Singapore 183 0.47Nigeria 161 0.42Dubai 156 0.40Angola 154 0.40South Africa 149 0.39Russia 109 0.28Pakistan 96 0.25Others 50 0.13Total 38,619 100.00

1 barrel = 158.99 litersSource: PTIT

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10

Ten Supplementary Petroleum Concessions were awarded in 2000, in theOnshore,the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea.

21 August 20001. Issuing of Supplementary Petroleum Concession (No.2) to Petroleum

Concession No. 2/2539/49 giving approval to PTB partner Ltd. to transfer4.4445% 3.3333% and 2.2222% of its interest respectively to PTTEPInternational Ltd., Total Exploration and Production Thailand and Thai EnergyCo.,Ltd. in the exploration block No. B13/38 in the Gulf of Thailand pursuantto Section 50 of the Petroleum Act B.E.2514.

2. Issuing of Supplementary Petroleum Concession (No.5) to PetroleumConcession No.6/2534/41 giving approval to Statoil Siam Ltd. to transfer 35%and 10% of its interest respectively to Unocal Petroleum, Ltd. and Mitsui OilExploration Co.,Ltd. in the exploration block No. B 10/32 in the Gulf ofThailand pursuant to Section 50 of the Petroleum Act B.E.2514.

3. Issuing of Supplementary Petroleum Concession (No.2) to PetroleumConcession No.1/2539/48 giving approval to Total Oil and Gas Nederland B.V.and Statoil Siam Ltd. to transfer 33 1/3% and 20% of their interest respective-ly to Unocal Andaman,Ltd. in the exploration block No.W9/38 in the AndamanSea. After such transfer, Unocal Andaman, Ltd. shall be the sole concession-aire for that concession pursuant to Section 50 of the Petroleum Act B.E.2514.

4. Issuing of Supplementary Petroleum Concession (No.4) to PetroleumConcession No.4/2539/51 giving approval to Texaco Exploration (Thailand) IILtd.to transfer 50 % of its interest to Harrods Energy (Thailand) Ltd. in theexploration block No.B11/38 in the Gulf of Thailand. After such transfer,Harrods Energy (Thailand) Ltd. shall be the sole concessionaire for that con-cession pursuant to Section 50 of the Petroleum Act B.E. 2514.

5. Issuing of Supplementary Petroleum Concession (No.7) to PetroleumConcession No. 1/2535/45 giving approval to Texaco Exploration (Thailand) IILtd. to transfer 24.07% and 8.43% of its interest respectively to Harrods Energy(Thailand) Ltd. and Songkhla Resources Ltd. in the exploration block No.B12/32 in the Gulf of Thailand pursuant to Section 50 of the Petroleum Act B.E.2514.

6. Issuing of Supplementary Petroleum Concession (No.5) to PetroleumConcession No.1/2532/35 giving approval to PTTEP International Ltd. totransfer 12.5% of its interest to Harrods Energy (Thailand) Ltd. in theexploration block No.B5/27 in the Gulf of Thailand pursuant to Section 50of the Petroleum Act B.E.2514.

C o n c e s s i o n s

Concessions

11

7. Issuing of Supplementary Petroleum Concession (No.1) to PetroleumConcession No. 1/2541/55 giving approval to Amerada Hess Exploration(Thailand) Co., Ltd. to transfer 42.5% of its interest to Kerr-McGee (Thailand)Ltd. in the exploration block No. W 7/38 in the Andaman Sea pursuant toSection 50 of the Petroleum Act B.E.2514.

8. Issuing of Supplementary Petroleum Concession (No.8) to PetroleumConcession No.1/2527/24 giving approval to Dragon (Far East) Ltd. to transfer40 % of its interest to Pacific Tiger Energy (Thailand ) Ltd. in the explorationblock No.SW1A in the Onshore. After such transfer, Pacific Tiger Energy(Thailand) Ltd. shall be the sole concessionaire for that concession pursuantto Section 50 of the Petroleum Act B.E. 2514.

9. Issuing of Supplementary Petroleum Concession (No.3) to PetroleumConcession No.1/2539/48 giving approval to Unocal Andaman, Ltd. to changethe physical work obligation of the Second Obligation Period in the second yearfrom a three dimensional seismic survey of 300 square kilometres to thedrilling of one exploratory well pursuant to Section 30 of the Petroleum ActB.E.2514.

25 December 200010. Issuing of Supplementary Petroleum Concession (No.6) to Petroleum

Concession No. 1/2532/35 giving approval to PTTEP International Ltd. totransfer 37.5% of its interest to Harrods Energy (Thailand) Ltd. in the explo-ration block No. B 5/27 in the Gulf of Thailand. After such transfer, HarrodsEnergy (Thailand) Ltd. shall be the sole concessionaire for that concessionpursuant to Section 50 of the Petroleum Act B.E.2514.

The concessionaire shall notify the Minister of Industry in writing thetransfer under Section 48 of the Petroleum Act B.E. 2514

1 July 2000The Minister of Industry acknowledges the transfer of two concessions No.3/2515/7 and No. 5/2515/9 in the exploration blocks No. 15,16 and 17 inthe Gulf of Thailand from PTB Partner Ltd. with 4.4445% 3.3333% and 2.2222%of its interest repectively to PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd.,Total Exploration and Production Thailand and British Gas Thailand PTE Ltd.pursuant to Section 48 of the Petroleum Act B.E. 2514.

12

Off

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Map

(as

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Janu

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)

13

Petroleum Concessionaires in Thailand(as of January 2001)

Concess. No. Concessionaire (s) Share Block Concession area (sq. km)Date of Issue (as of January 2001) (%) Exploration Production Reserves

Gulf of Thailand1 / 2514 Amoco Thailand Petroleum Co. (Operator) 50.00 B5 4,645.00 -

26 Nov 71 Idemitsu Oil Development Co., Ltd. 50.00 B6 5,510.00 -1/2515/5 Gas Sale Agreement No.2 (Unit Area I)1 Mar 72 Unocal Thailand, Ltd. (Operator) 70.00 B10 - 171.63 717.07

Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. 30.00 B11 - 213.02 975.68Gas Sale Agreement No.2 (Supplementary) (Unit Area II)

Unocal Thailand, Ltd. (Operator) 71.25Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. 23.75PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd. 5.00

Thailand-Cambodia Overlapping AreaUnocal Thailand, Ltd. (Operator) 60.00 B10 1,382.90 - -Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. 40.00 B11 1,401.49 - -

17 Dec 97 Unocal Thailand, Ltd. (Operator) 60.00 B10A 166.00 - -Sup.No 9 Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. 40.00 B11A 88.00 - -2/2515/6 Gas Sale Agreement No.11 Mar 72 Unocal Thailand, Ltd. (Operator) 80.00 B12 - 650.63 623.53

Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. 20.00 B13 - 292.88 896.375Gas Sale Agreement No.2 (Unit Area I)

Unocal Thailand, Ltd. (Operator) 70.00Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. 30.00

Gas Sale Agreement No.2 (Supplementary) (unit Area II)Unocal Thailand, Ltd. (Operator) 71.25Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. 23.75PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd. 5.00

8 Jun 99 Thailand-Cambodia Overlapping AreaSup.No 6 Unocal Thailand, Ltd. (Operator) 80.00 B12(A) 294.00 - -

Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. 20.00 B12(B) 125.00 - -B13 471.00 - -

3/2515/7 PTT Exploration and Production Public Co.,Ltd.(Operator) 44.45 B16 - 421.66 981.458 Mar 72 Total Exploration and Production Thailand 33.33 B17 - 105.00 413.38

British Gas Thailand PTE Ltd. 22.221 June 98 PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd. (Operator) 80.00 B16A 719.00 - -

Unocal Thailand, Ltd. 16.00Moeco Thailand Co.,Ltd. 4.00

4/2515/8 Thailand-Cambodia Overlapping Area9 Mar 72 British Gas Asia Inc. (Operator) 50.00 B7 4,760.00 - -

Chevron Overseas Petroleum Thailand Ltd. 33.33 B8 3,400.00 - -Petroleum Resources (Thailand) Pty., Ltd. 16.67 B9 2,260.00 - -

5/2515/9 PTT Exploration and Production Public Co.,Ltd. (Operator) 44.45 B15 - 254.00 1,025.0010 Mar 72 Total Exploration and Production Thailand 33.33

British Gas Thailand PTE Ltd. 22.22PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd. (Operator) 80.00 B14A 1,887.00 - -

1 June 98 Unocal Thailand, Ltd. 16.00Moeco Thailand Co., Ltd. 4.00

1 June 98 PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd. (Operator) 80.00 B15A 1,460.00 - -Unocal Thailand, Ltd. 16.00Moeco Thailand Co., Ltd. 4.00

3/2528/28 Thai Shell Exploration and Production Co.,Ltd. 100.00 B6/27 - 4.00 1,302.606 Feb 85

1/2529/33 Unocal Thailand, Ltd. (Operator) 35.00 B12/27 - 1,429.73 1,687.7115 Jan 86 PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd 45.00

Amerada Hess (Thailand) Co., Ltd. 15.00MOECO Thai Oil Development Co., Ltd. 5.00

1/2532/35 Harrods Energy (Thailand) Ltd. 100.00 B5/27 3,768.72 - -9 Aug 89

1/2534/36 Chevron Offshore (Thailand) Ltd. (Operator) 31 2/3 B8/32 - 1,282.85 1,330.921 Aug 91 Thaipo Ltd. 31 2/3

14

B 8/32 Partners Ltd. 31 2/3The Palangsophon Co., Ltd. 5.00Tantawan Production AreaChevron Offshore (Thailand) Ltd. (Operator) 46.34 B8/32 - 274.70 -Thaipo Ltd. 46.34The Palangsophon Co., Ltd. 7.32

6/2534/41 Unocal Petroleum, Ltd. (Operator) 80.00 B10/32 - 5.06 252.286411 Sep 91 Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. 20.001/2535/45 Harrods Energy (Thailand) Ltd. (Operator) 74.07 B12/32 2,837.00 - -12 Mar 92 Songkhla Resources Ltd. 25.932/2539/49 PTTEP International Ltd. (Operator) 44.45 B13/38 324.00 - -27 Jun 96 Total Exploration and Production Thailand 33.33

Thai Energy Co., Ltd. 22.223/2539/50 Soco Exploration (Thailand) Co., Ltd. (Operator) 50.00 B8/38 4,788.80 - -24 Oct 96 MMC Exploration and Production (Thailand) Ltd. 50.004/2539/51 Harrods Energy (Thailand) Ltd. 100.00 B11/38 2,165.00 - -28 Oct 962/2541/56 Harrods Energy (Thailand) Ltd. 100.00 B2/38 4,315.00 - -11 Sep 981/2542/57 Santa Fe Energy Resources (Thailand) Ltd. 100.00 B7/38 9,238.00 - -03 Mar 99

Andaman Sea1/2541/55 Kerr-McGee (Thailand) Ltd. (Operator) 85.00 W7/38 19,675.00 - -20 Mar 98 PTTEP International Ltd. 15.00Onshore

1/2522/16 Thai Shell Exploration and Production Co., Ltd. (Operator) 75.00 S1 - 99.17 1,227.0415 Mar 79 PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd. 25.002/2522/17 Namphong Area16 Mar 79 Esso Exploration and Production Khorat Inc. (Operator) 80.00 E5 - 34.40 34.54

PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd. 20.00Outside Namphong Area

Amerada Hess (Thailand) Co., Ltd. (Operator) 80.00 E5 - - 39.31PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd. 20.00

1/2524/19 Amerada Hess (Thailand) Co., Ltd. 100.00 EU1 - 1.96 190.933 Jun 81

1/2526/23 Sino-U.S. Petroleum Inc. (Operator) 33.33 NC - 11,244 -12 Apr 83 Combined Oil and Gas (Thailand) Inc. 33.33

Thai Energy Resources Ltd. 16.67Sino Thai Energy Ltd. 16.67

1/2527/24 Pacific Tiger Energy (Thailand) Ltd. 100.00 SW1A - 5.82 33.8724 Jul 84

2/2528/27 PTTEP International Ltd. 100.00 PTTEP1 - 7.06 14.225 Feb 85

7/2539/54 Forest Oil International (Thailand) Ltd. 100.00 5441/38 959.00 - -15 NOV 96

Joint Development Area (MTJA)1. CTOC Block A-182. CPOC Block B-17, C-19

Petroleum Concessionaires in Thailand(as of January 2001)

Concess. No. Concessionaire (s) Share Block Concession area (sq. km)Date of Issue (as of January 2001) (%) Exploration Production Reserves

Total Petroleum Concessions In Thailand (as of January, 2001)

Area Concessions BlocksGulf of Thailand 17 24Onshore 7 7Andaman Sea 1 1

Total 25 32Total Concession Area (Square Kilometer)Exploration Production Reserve

Onshore 959.00 159.65 1,539.91Gulf of Thailand 56,005.91 5,105.16 10,206.00Andaman Sea 19,675.00 - -

Total 76,639.91 5,264.81 11,094.29

15

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16

E x p l o r a t i o n

ExplorationSeismic Survey

Only three seismic works were conducted in the Gulf of Thailand with a totalof 493.19 km of 2D and 134.54 sq.km of 3D. All were the acquisi-tion of Harrods Energy’s first seismic survey. By using WesternHorizon, the company completed 402.29 km of 2D seismic in B5/27(L-structure) starting from June 27 and with the same vesselproceeded to acquire 3D seismic in B2/38 (Hua Hin basin) tillJuly 18. In addition the company ran 90.9 km more of 2D seismicin B5/27 during August 12-14.

Exploration DrillingAltogether 47 exploratory and delineationwells were completed. Hydrocarbon wasfound in 29 wells, traces of hydrocarbon wasfound in 5 wells, and 13 wells were dry. Allthe successful wells were drilled by Unocal(14), Chevron (5), PTTEP (5), Harrods Energy(3), and Thai Shell (2).

Commercial oil was encountered in late 1999in the northern Gulf of Thailand concessionblocks, encouraging Unocal to put effortto further exploration. Through series of ex-ploration drilling campaign, the company proved more oil in its gas prolificbasins. Oil with gas was found in eight of all nine exploratory wells; four inYala, three in Plamuk and one in an unnamed field (10A-2). In the last quarterthe company announced the Big Oil Project to be implemented its first oilproduction in Thailand by 2001. Other six wells encountered gas, one each inTrat and West Dara, and two each in Baanpot and Funan. Of all six wells,only two were considered uneconomic.

Chevron put ten wells to delineate four fields, Benchamas, Jarmjuree,Maliwan and Kung. The outcome drew a 50% success. All two wells inBenchamas encountered either gas or oil & gas. Two of three wells in Maliwanencountered oil & gas. One of two wells in Jarmjuree proved dry and one ofthree wells in Kung was commercial. Kung-2 was identified with 120 ft of oilpay and 12 ft of gas pay in six reservoirs.

With confidence Harrods Energy drilled ten wells to delineate L-structure(Jasmine field in B5/27) in less than three months (from 23 May to 31 July2000). Almost all wells were drilled multibore by Trident XVI. Only three wellshad significant TST results. On 16 July 2000 the company plugged and aban-doned a wildcat well as a dry hole. The well is located 15 km northeast of5-1-L, an oil discovery well, drilled by Amoco in 1977. The company failedto find more gas in Chang Phuak (B11/38) with a well tested dry.

Harrods’ Seismic Work in 2000

Block 2D (km) 3D (sq.km)

B5/27 493.19 0.00B2/38 0.00 134.54

Exploration Drilling in 2000

Operator No./Wells

Unocal 14Harrods Energy 12Chevron 10PTTEP 5Thai Shell 2SOCO 2Forest Oil 1Kerr-McGee 1Total 47

17

Highlight of the year focussed on the drilling campaign of PTTEP in the newlyresolved Thai-Vietnam disputed area (B15A and B16A). Back to back drillingfrom late 1999 to the first quarter of 2000 showed excellent results. All fiveexploratory wells passed through numerous gas pay formations and madethe Arthit Project 100% success. TST test of all seven wells yielded a dailyaveraged of 34.5 MMscf of gas and 882 barrels of condensate. Prior to drillingPTTEP expected potential gas reserves in the Arthit area to be in the 3-6Tcf range. The company later believed the potential to be in higher range(6-10 Tcf).

In December Thai Shellplaced two wells in S1, onefor exploration and theother for delineation. Thecompany reported NoanPluang-A01 as a gas well.The latter Nong Jig-A02proved some extent ofNong Jig oil prospect. Thediscovery of gas encour-aged the company torethink to produce oil fromthe tiny isolated pockets.

SOCO tried two more wellswithout luck. Both wellsin B8/38 were dry. For newcomers, 2000 was theyear of disappointment.Both two wildcats wereunsuccessful. One well in5441/38 (northeast ofThailand) of Forest Oilproved dry and the otherin W7/38 (the AndamanSea) of Kerr-McGee foundnothing interest.

TST Test of the Significant Wells

Operator Well NameNet Pay Gas Condensate Oil

(m) (MMscfd) (Bpd) (Bpd)

B5/27-DEL6 11.28 0.00 0 1,200Harrods

B5/27-DEL7 28.35 5.92 0 1,535Energy

B5/27-DEL7B 21.34 1.29 0 2,124

Arthit-15-3X 100.00 63.40 654 0Arthit-15-4X 31.00 8.10 825 0

PTTEP Arthit-15-5X 47.30 10.50 469 0Arthit-15-6X 75.10 34.80 764 0Arthit-16-1X 95.00 64.90 1,688 0

Yala-04 46.63 0.33 0 944Yala-05 27.73 17.40 0 443

UnocalYala-06 109.73 0.01 0 370Yala-07 60.96 13.00 0 2,341

18

Exploratory Wells Drilled in 2000

Operator Block Well Name Duration TD (m) Result

Onshore

Forest Oil 5441/38 Phu Din-1 27 Apr-11 May 00 1,020.00 DryThai Shell S1 Noan Pluang-A01 29 Nov - 2 Dec 00 2,106.00 Gas

Nong Jig-A02 7-12 Dec 00 3,157.00 Oil

Gulf of Thailand

Chevron B8/32 Benchamas-21 18-28 May 00 2,870.30 Oil&GasBenchamas-23 19-28 Jul 00 2,999.20 OilJarmjuree-2 8-15 Sep 00 3,105.90 DryJarmjuree-6 16-26 Sep 00 3,355.20 Oil&GasKung-2 4-16 May 00 3,284.20 Oil TraceKung-4 24-31 Aug 00 3,158.00 DryKung-5 1-6 Sep 00 2,490.20 DryMaliwan-7 17-30 Apr 00 3,307.10 DryMaliwan-8 29 Jul-07 Aug 00 3,526.50 Oil&GasMaliwan-9 8-18 Aug 00 3,570.10 Oil&Gas

Harrods Energy B5/27 B5/27-EXP2N 13-16 Jul 00 1,763.27 DryB5/27-DEL6 23-31 May 00 1,960.47 OilB5/27-DEL6B 1-3 Jun 00 2,286.00 Oil TraceB5/27-DEL6C 4-6 Jun 00 2,164.08 Oil TraceB5/27-DEL6D 7-9 Jun 00 2,215.59 Oil TraceB5/27-DEL7 17-20 Jun 00 1,751.38 Oil&GasB5/27-DEL7B 26 Jun-5 Jul 00 1,922.37 Oil&GasB5/27-DEL7C 6-10 Jul 00 1,862.94 DryB5/27-DEL8 13-15 Jun 00 2,011.68 DryB5/27-DEL9 19-26 Jul 00 1,977.54 GasB5/27-DEL9B 26-31 Jul 00 2,250.95 Dry

B11/38 Chang Phuak-2 12-20 May 00 2,691.99 Dry

PTTEP B15A Arthit-15-3X 20 Feb-12 Mar 00 3,362.70 GasArthit-15-4X 14-29 Mar 00 3,182.00 GasArthit-15-5X 1-17 Apr 00 3,135.00 GasArthit-15-6X 19 Apr-10 May 00 3,320.00 Gas

B16A Arthit-16-1X 19 Jan-17 Feb 00 2,920.00 Gas

SOCO B8/38 B8/38-4 17-23 Feb 00 1,310.60 DryB8/38-5 25 Feb-3 Mar 00 1,432.60 Dry

Unocal B10 Plamuk-05 30 Mar-13 Apr 00 3,132.43 Oil&GasYala-04 8-22 Feb 00 3,292.75 Oil&GasYala-05 8-23 Jan 00 3,329.94 Oil&GasYala-06 25 Jan-6 Feb 00 3,311.04 Oil&GasYala-07 22 Feb-6 Mar 00 4,071.52 Oil&Gas

B10A 10A-2 28 Oct-08 Nov 00 3,848.10 Oil&GasB11 Plamuk-03 08-16 Mar 00 3,236.98 Oil&Gas

Plamuk-04 18-26 Mar 00 3,432.66 Oil&GasB11εtB11A Trat-16 6-15 Jul 00 3,110.48 GasB13 Bannpot-14 11-17 Sep 00 3,090.37 Gas

Bannpot-15 19-25 Sep 00 3,645.10 GasFunan-25 27 Jul-06 Aug 00 3,283.00 GasFunan-26 13-24 Aug 00 2,869.69 Gas

B10/32 West Dara-2 1-8 Sep 00 3,182.42 Gas

Andaman Sea

Kerr-McGee W7/38 Manora-1 22 Feb-13 Mar 00 2,311.00 Dry

19

F i e l d D e v e l o p m e n t

Field DevelopmentDevelopment DrillingAs of spud date, a total of 179 development wellsand 3 water injectors were drilled in 2000, 14more than the previous year.

In order to maintain company production, Unocalplaced 115 wells on Erawan (37), Satun (25),Funan (24), Trat (12), Kaphong (8) and Jakrawan(9). All wells were successful, except two wells,Erawan E-18 and E-19, were suspended becauseof gas blow out. The company set a world recordon fastest bit run at 432 feet per hour (Erawan Q-18). Two company’s records were also set, i.e.,shortest drilling total time at 2.65 days (SatunD-27), and shortest average drilling time at 5.1days.

Chevron put another 22 wells in production forTantawan and Benchamas fields simultaneously.

Thai Shell added 20 more wells in Sirikit oilfield. Many wells were drilled to produceoil from the shallower formation, Yom.

PTTEP’s Bongkot field had 14 more production wells. The company started Phase IIIBdrilling campaign in August. As planned the minimum of 42 wells will be drilled byDecember 2002.

Sino-U.S. completed five oil wells in Bung Ya and Bung Muang fields. The higher oilprice encouraged PTTEP International to drill three more wells in U-Thong field.All wells were then put onto production.

During the year, many exciting and interesting incidents happened several times.The most exiting incident in the Gulf was the gas blow out of well Erawan E-18 andE-19 while drilling to the depth of 1,012 and 1,022 feet, respectively. Fortunately,no one was injured.

The Drill-In Casing system, firstly introduced by Unocal in late 1999, was widelyaccepted and utilized by many operators. This technique was relevant to time andcost saving slim-hole drilling. Technically, well spudded with 9 5/8 inches casing,narrower than conventional one and penetrated through soft formation about1,500 feet depth. On October 5-7, PTTEP had emergency shut down of Bongkotproduction due to a rupture of the flexible line joining between a calm buoy andFSO. Moreover, about 25 cubic meters of condensate were spilled out.

Thai Shell, the onshore major oil producer, was exploring for more gas in the Sirikitoilfield to meet demand of the EGAT’s power plant extension in the near future.

Development Drilling in 2000

Operator Block Wells

Onshore

PTTEPI PTTEP 1 3Thai Shell S1 20Sino-U.S. NC 5

Total 28

Gulf of Thailand

Chevron B8/32 *25PTTEP B15 14Unocal B10 22

B12 69B13 24

Total 154

*Including 3 injectors

20

Development Drilling in 2000

Operator Block Well Name Duration Active TD ResultDays (m)DEVELOPMENT

Onshore

PTTEPI PTTEP1 UT1-7/D5 17 - 25 Sep 00 9 1,455.0 OilUT1-7/D6 7 - 15 Sep 00 9 1,388.0 OilUT1-7/D7 19 Aug - 4 Sep 00 17 1,567.0 Oil

Sino-U.S. NC Bung Muang 2-6 3 Nov - 5 Dec 00 33 2,915.0 OilBung Muang 2-7 9 Dec 00 - 11 Jan 01 34 3,038.0 OilBung Ya 1-7 14 Feb - 16 Mar 00 32 2,762.0 OilBung Ya 1-8 21 Mar - 18 Apr 00 29 3,066.0 OilBung Ya 1-9 23 Apr - 23 May 00 31 3,088.0 Oil

Thai Shell S1 Lan Krabu-CA01 14 - 17 May 00 4 2,095.0 DryLan Krabu-CC03S1 20 Sep - 4 Oct 00 15 3,032.0 OilLan Krabu-F21 11 - 17 Sep 00 7 2,689.0 OilLan Krabu-G06 21 - 28 Apr 00 8 2,470.0 OilLan Krabu-S03 1 - 11 May 00 12 2,808.0 OilLan Krabu-V03 16 - 20 Feb 00 5 1,725.0 OilLan Krabu-W04 3 - 8 Sep 00 6 2,644.0 OilLan Krabu-E17 31 Oct - 13 Nov 00 14 1,980.0 OilNong Makhaam-A08 18 - 23 Aug 00 6 2,315.0 OilNong Makhaam-C07 1 - 6 Feb 00 6 2,022.0 OilNong Makhaam-C08 24 - 30 May 00 7 2,512.0 OilNong Makhaam-F02 15 - 21 Jan 00 7 2,383.0 OilNong Makhaam-F03 21 - 29 Jan 00 9 1,715.0 OilNong Makhaam-F04 2 - 6 Jun 00 5 2,172.0 OilNong Makhaam-F05 6 - 10 Jun 00 5 2,347.0 OilNong Makhaam-F06 11 - 15 Jun 00 5 1,820.0 OilNong Makhaam-F07 26 - 31 Aug 00 6 2,209.0 OilNong Makhaam-F08 SI 31 Oct - 13 Nov 00 14 1,980.0 OilThap Raet-D02 2 - 12 Jan 00 11 2,028.0 OilThap Raet-D03 9 - 13 Feb 00 5 2,066.0 Oil

Gulf of Thailand

BK-6-KE 22 Oct - 11 Nov 00 12 3,968.0 GasBK-6-KW 24 Oct - 03 Nov 00 8 2,602.0 GasBK-6-LE 26 Oct - 21 Nov 00 12 2,915.0 GasBK-6-LW 25 Oct - 30 Nov 00 11 2,161.0 GasBK-8-FE 7 - 30 Aug 00 14 4,105.0 Gas

PTTEP B15 BK-8-FW 29 Sep - 06 Oct 00 8 3,207.0 GasBK-8-HW 3 - 10 Sep 00 8 2,773.0 GasBK-8-KE 10 - 19 Sep 00 10 3,081.0 GasBK-8-KW 19 - 29 Sep 00 11 3,478.0 GasBK-9-AE 10 Dec 00 - 11 Jan 01 12 3,808.0 GasBK-9-AW 10 Dec 00 - 30 Jan 01 14 3,146.0 GasBK-9-GW 15 Dec 00 -20 Jan 01 13 3,377.0 GasBK-9-HW 12 Dec 00 - 02 Jan 01 9 3,300.0 GasBK-9-MW 17 - 29 Dec 00 13 3,605.0 Gas

Unocal B10 Kaphong-B13 23 Feb - 4 Mar 00 8 3,471.7 GasKaphong-B14 24 Feb - 8 Mar 00 8 3,555.8 GasKaphong-B15 24 Feb - 15 Mar 00 8 3,962.4 GasKaphong-B16 24 Feb - 12 Mar 00 8 3,411.6 GasKaphong-B17 16 - 29 Mar 00 8 3,596.3 Gas

21

Kaphong-B18 15 - 26 Mar 00 8 3,686.5 GasKaphong-B20 16 Mar - 4 Apr 00 6 3,264.4 GasKaphong-B21 16 Mar - 1 Apr 00 8 4,035.6 GasSatun-D22 26 Aug - 5 Sep 00 8 3,574.7 GasSatun-D23 26 Aug - 10 Sep 00 6 3,770.4 GasSatun-D24 27 Aug - 24 Sep 00 13 3,127.3 GasSatun-D25 27 Aug - 30 Sep 00 8 3,016.9 GasSatun-D26 26 Aug - 8 Sep 00 6 3,553.9 GasSatun-D27 26 Aug - 12 Sep 00 5 2,277.5 GasSatun-D28 27 Aug - 20 Sep 00 16 1,640.4 GasSatun-E13 21 Feb - 10 Mar 00 10 3,352.8 GasSatun-E20 22 Feb - 13 Mar 00 7 2,899.6 GasSatun-E22 23 Feb - 24 Mar 00 9 3,162.3 GasSatun-E23 22 Feb - 20 Mar 00 6 2,883.4 GasSatun-E25 22 Feb - 16 Mar 00 7 3,181.2 GasSatun-E26 22 Feb - 7 Mar 00 7 2,276.3 GasSatun-E27 22 Feb - 18 Mar 00 6 3,331.5 Gas

Unocal B12 Erawan-B16 18 Jan - 14 Feb 00 9 3,494.5 GasErawan-B17 18 Jan - 1 Feb 00 6 3,113.2 GasErawan-B18 18 Jan - 7 Feb 00 10 3,986.8 GasErawan-B19 18 Jan - 10 Feb 00 6 3,198.3 GasErawan-B20 17 - 29 Jan 00 9 3,374.1 GasErawan-B21 18 Jan - 18 Feb 00 9 3,815.8 GasErawan-E18 15 Nov 00 308.5 Blow OutErawan-E19 16 Nov 00 311.5 Blow OutErawan-H11 19 - 28 May 00 8 4,005.7 GasErawan-H12 19 May - 2 Jun 00 6 4,217.8 GasErawan-H13 19 May - 11 Jun 00 7 4,340.4 GasErawan-H14 19 - 31 May 00 7 4,356.8 GasErawan-H15 18 May - 6 Jun 00 8 3,078.5 GasErawan-H16 19 May - 15 Jun 00 7 3,119.6 GasErawan-H17 12 - 22 Jun 00 8 3,813.7 GasErawan-H18 16 - 26 Jun 00 7 4,291.6 GasErawan-N15 12 - 18 May 00 7 3,451.2 GasErawan-N16 17 - 30 Apr 00 10 4,227.3 GasErawan-N17 28 May - 10 Jun 00 9 3,730.1 GasErawan-N18 13 - 28 May 00 12 4,149.2 GasErawan-N20 17 Apr - 6 May 00 6 3,758.2 GasErawan-N21 18 Apr - 3 May 00 7 3,610.4 GasErawan-N23 (ST) 18 Apr - 12 May 00 10 3,980.7 GasErawan-N24 28 May - 3 Jun 00 7 3,782.9 GasErawan-Q13 5 - 13 Aug 00 6 4,434.8 GasErawan-Q14 4 - 25 Aug 00 8 3,956.3 GasErawan-Q15 20 Jul - 2 Aug 00 9 3,176.0 GasErawan-Q16 4 - 19 Jul 00 12 3,711.6 GasErawan-Q17 5 - 20 Aug 00 10 3,856.6 GasErawan-Q18 19 - 28 Jul 00 10 3,359.8 GasErawan-Q19 3 - 13 Jul 00 11 3,278.4 GasErawan-Q20 4 - 16 Aug 00 6 4,334.9 GasErawan-T12 20 Jul - 9 Aug 00 7 2,518.0 GasErawan-T13 21 Jul - 3 Aug 00 8 4,136.8 GasErawan-T14 21Jul - 6 Aug 00 7 4,226.7 GasErawan-T15 21 Jul - 13 Aug 00 8 3,499.4 Gas

Development Drilling in 2000

Operator Block Well Name Duration Active TD ResultDays (m)

22

Development Drilling in 2000

Operator Block Well Name Duration Active TD ResultDays (m)

Erawan-T16 20 - 30 Jul 00 8 3,831.3 GasJakrawan-D11 27 Oct - 23 Nov 00 7 4,063.0 GasJakrawan-D12 27 Oct - 15 Nov 00 8 4,015.4 GasJakrawan-D13 27 Oct - 21 Nov 00 7 4,070.9 GasJakrawan-D14 27 Oct - 18 Nov 00 7 3,589.9 GasJakrawan-D15 27 Oct - 12 Nov 00 8 3,087.6 GasJakrawan-D16 28 Oct - 28 Nov 00 9 4,144.1 GasJakrawan-D17 28 Oct - 3Dec00 7 2,153.1 GasJakrawan-D18 28 Oct - 6Dec00 7 1,735.5 GasJakrawan-D19 28 - 30 Nov 00 6 3,337.6 GasSatun-F19 21 Jun - 12 Jul 00 7 3,240.0 GasSatun-F20 21 Jun - 5 Jul 00 8 3,699.4 GasSatun-F21 21 Jun - 9 Jul 00 9 3,533.6 GasSatun-F22 21 Jun - 1 Jul 00 7 3,499.1 GasSatun-F23 22 Jun - 15 Jul 00 6 3,831.3 GasSatun-L13 5 - 10 Nov 00 6 3,918.2 GasSatun-L14 5 - 16 Oct 00 12 3,804.5 GasSatun-L15 5 - 19 Oct 00 15 2,446.3 GasSatun-L16ST 6 Oct - 5 Nov 00 13 3,966.4 GasSatun-L17 6 - 27 Oct 00 6 4,271.2 GasSatun-L18 5 - 30 Oct 00 6 3,779.5 GasTrat-B01 12 Nov - 4 Dec 00 7 3,249.8 GasTrat-B02 12 Nov - 7 Dec 00 8 3,141.9 GasTrat-B03 13 Nov - 13 Dec 00 6 3,267.5 GasTrat-B04 13 Nov - 11 Dec 00 8 3,741.5 GasTrat-B05 13 Nov - 18 Dec 00 6 3,701.2 GasTrat-B06 13 Nov - 20 Dec 00 6 3,123.0 GasTrat-B07 14 Nov - 24 Dec 00 8 3,033.7 GasTrat-B08 14 Nov - 16 Dec 00 8 3,364.4 GasTrat-B09 14 Nov - 31 Dec 00 8 3,534.5 GasTrat-B10 15 Nov 00 - 6 Jan 01 7 3,022.1 GasTrat-B11 14 Nov 00 - 2 Jan 01 8 3,459.5 GasTrat-B12 14 Nov - 27 Dec 00 7 3,390.3 Gas

Unocal B13 Funan-D13 1 - 24 Sep 00 8 3,726.2 GasFunan-D14 1 Sep - 11 Oct 00 9 3,756.7 GasFunan-D15 3 - 30 Sep 00 6 3,371.1 GasFunan-D16 13 - 23 Oct 00 7 3,361.0 GasFunan-D17 14 - 19 Oct 00 6 3,789.3 GasFunan-D18 1 Sep - 13 Oct 00 9 4,067.6 GasFunan-D19 1 - 29 Sep 00 10 3,604.6 GasFunan-D20 31 Aug - 2 Oct 00 12 4,171.5 GasFunan-H13 31 Mar - 13 Apr 00 6 3,573.8 GasFunan-H14 22 Apr - 1 May 00 6 3,194.3 GasFunan-H15 31 Mar - 17 Apr 00 8 4,173.6 GasFunan-H16 31 Mar - 11 Apr 00 9 3,599.7 GasFunan-H17 22 Apr - 3 May 00 7 3,329.6 GasFunan-H18 1 - 20 Apr 00 7 3,380.8 GasFunan-H19 22 Apr - 6 May 00 7 3,833.5 GasFunan-H21 22 Apr - 8 May 00 7 3,553.7 GasFunan-K01 7 - 11 May 00 5 2,692.6 GasFunan-K03 14 - 25 Apr 00 7 3,123.6 GasFunan-K04 15 - 22 May 00 8 3,372.6 GasFunan-K05 14 - 27 Apr 00 7 3,490.0 Gas

23

Development Drilling in 2000

Operator Block Well Name Duration Active TD ResultDays (m)

Funan-K08 15 - 6 May 00 10 3,399.1 GasFunan-K09 16 - 26 May 00 8 3,190.7 GasFunan-K10 28 Apr - 2 May 00 5 2,891.3 GasFunan-K14 11 - 15 May 00 5 3,064.8 Gas

Chevron B8/32 Benchamas-A01 21 Feb - 12 Mar 00 13 3,794.8 Oil&GasBenchamas-A03ST2 4 - 12 Jan 00 9 2,777.9 Oil&GasBenchamas-A05 20 Jan - 6 Feb 00 18 3,885.3 Oil&GasBenchamas-A15 13 Jan - 14Apr 00 25 4,162.0 Oil&GasBenchamas-A16ST1 29 Mar - 5 Apr 00 8 3,406.1 Oil&GasBenchamas-A18 1 - 28 Mar 00 14 4,718.6 OilBenchamas-A19 26 Feb - 21 Mar 00 15 4,395.2 Oil&GasBenchamas-B18 30 May - 18 Jun 00 13 3,771.3 Oil&GasBenchamas-B19 4 - 22 Jun 00 8 2,916.9 Oil&GasBenchamas-B23ST1 10 - 16 Jan 00 7 3,457.3 GasBenchamas-B23ST2 16 - 27 Jan 00 12 3,450.3 GasTantawan-C06 5 - 27 Oct 00 10 3,138.2 GasTantawan-C07 3 Oct - 11 Nov 00 13 3,256.8 Oil&GasTantawan-C09 17 Oct - 13 Nov 00 6 1,453.9 OilTantawan-C10 15 Oct - 6 Nov 00 9 3,689.6 Oil&GasTantawan-C11 13 - 23 Oct 00 8 3,370.5 Gas TraceTantawan-C12 28 Sep - 31 Oct 00 14 3,212.6 GasTantawan-D07 19 Nov 00 - 20 Jan 01 16 3,376.3 Oil&GasTantawan-D08 18 Nov 00 - 7 Jan 01 19 3,340.6 GasTantawan-D09 2 - 16 Dec 00 12 3,154.1 Oil&GasTantawan-D11 20 Nov - 26Dec 00 18 4,258.1 Oil&GasTantawan-D14 4 Dec 00 - 15 Jan 01 12 4,460.1 Gas

Water Injector

Chevron B8/32 Benchamas-B20 9 - 29 Jun 00 21 2,837.1 DryBenchamas-B21 2 Jun - 2 Jul 00 31 3,148.6 DryBenchamas-B22 6 - 26 Jun 00 21 3,139.4 Dry

24

Production Licensed Area (PLA)

Five PLAs, East Dara, West Dara, Funan J,Funan B&H and Funan K, were awarded toUnocal.

On 28 December 1999, Chevron announcedits success in discovering a new field.Following assessment led to the discovery ofpotentially significant petroleum reserve.To develop the field, the company subse-quently applied for the North Jarmjuree PLA

and then was finally approved on November 2. The PLA, covering 503.2 squarekilometer was granted for 20 years duration. In November the plan to putthe new field on-stream was endorsed by Thai government. This developmentwas expected to cost US$ 200 million at least, including eight offshoreplatforms and 60 production wells. Production from the field was scheduledto start on early 2003 with an initial gas rate of 50 MMscfd, ramping up to190 MMscfd and 6,000 bod in 2005.

Harrods submitted PLA application for Bussabong gas field and PTTEP alsoapplied for Ton Sak field.

Production EnhancementThai Shell was studying a “Water-Flood” system. This high technologyapproach was aimed to maintain its rate at 25,000 bod from the Sirikit oilfieldfor ten years. The new system was expected to be in place in either 2004or 2005.Chevron also launched the Waterflood Project in November to enhance oilrecovery of Benchamas field. As planned, the project will last for ten yearsand firstly started with three injector wells this year.

LogisticsPTTEP replaced Bongkot FSO (Floating, Storage and Offloading) with a tempo-rary one. The 3-months fast-track project, valued at US$ 20 millions, began inSeptember. The replacement was due to serious corrosion in Bongkot FSOûsballast tanks and needed to be dry-docking at Unithaiûs shipyard in Chonburi.The FSO was less than eight years in service for PTTEP at 600 MMscfd and13,000 bcd from Bongkot field. The company was making considerationbetween FSO and CSST (Concrete Subsea Storage Tanker) for the new perma-nent storage.

New PlatformsIn August, Chevron was pre-qualifying for an expected tender to fabricatenine wellhead platforms. Infield pipelines for connecting the platforms weretendered separately. All platforms would be installed in Maliwan, Benchamasand Tantawan fields early 2001.

PLA Approved in 2000

PLA sq.km Date of Endorsement

Funan J 11.39 April 3Funan B&H 9.66 October 27Funan K 19.90 October 27East Dara 129.70 November 28West Dara 5.06 November 28North Jarmjuree 503.20 October 27

25

In September, two more wellhead platforms and additional 15 miles pipelineswere installed by Unocal. The company earlier on July 7 announced “UCUAlliance”, the construction group formed by Unocal, Ltd., Clough ThailandCo., Ltd., and Unithai Shipyard and Engineering Ltd. The alliance woulddesign, procure, fabricate, and install wellhead platforms and submarinepipelines. The move could perhaps save the company by 10-15% in wellheadplatform and pipeline cost.Started in September 1999,the phase 3B of the BongkotField Development was inprogress. The 670 dayslong project targetted toinstall two new more well-head platforms, WP11 andWP12, and lay 22.5 kmlong of 16-inch sealine.The schedule to completethe project was for WP11on 1 April 2001 (19 months)and WP12 on 1 June 2001(21 months).

Big Oil ProjectOn October 19, Unocalsubmitted an applicationfor commercial crude oildevelopment for the firsttime in the Gulf of Thailand.The earlier exploration inblocks 10 and 11, north ofthe Erawan gas field disclosed evidence of an economic volume of crude oil.Around 15,000 bod was expected to be ready for production within 8-10months from Plamuk, Kaphong, Yala, and Surat fields. The company plannedto install a new oil-processing platform, and a crude oil storage tanker. Forthe entire project, ten platforms would be installed. The cost of developingthese oilfields was expected to be about US$ 270 million over the nextsix years.

Wellhead Platforms in the Gulf of Thailand

Operator Fields Amount Remarks

Erawan 20 A to TSatun 13 A to MFunan 11 A to KPlatong 8 A to HJakrawan 5 A to EPailin 5 A to E

Unocal Baanpot 3 A, B, CGomin 2 A, BKaphong 2 A, BSurat 1 APlamuk 1 APladang 1 ATrat 1 A

Subtotal 73PTTEP Bongkot 10 1 to 10Chevron Banchamas 3 A, B, C

Tantawan 5 A to ESubtotal 8Grand total 91

As of October 2000

26

Gas Pipelines in Thailand

Length (km) Diameter Capacity(Inch) (MMcfd)

1. Main Line 787.9Erawan CPP-Rayong 415.9 34 780Rayong-Bang Pakong Power Plant 104.7 28 540Bang Pakong Power Plant-Bang Phli 27.7 28 280Bang Phli-South Bangkok Power Plant 29.6 28 280Bang Phli-Nong Khae 98.7 24 280Nong Khae-Tha Luang 33.9 16 80Nong Khae-Kaeng Khoi 46.4 16 95Sattahip-Laem Chabang Industrial Park 31.0 8 20

2. Bongkot-Erawan-Khanom 332.3Bongkot-Erawan 171.3 32 750Erawan-Khanom Gas Separator 161.0 24 500

3. Parallel Line 643.0Erawan CPP-Rayong 418.0 36 1,200Rayong-Bang Pakong 110.0 28 620Bang Pakong-Wang Noi 100.0 36 860Rayong-Bang Pakong-Laem Chabang 15.0 24 300

4. Myanmar Gas Pipeline 392.5Ban Etong-Ratchaburi Power Plant 238.5 42 1,100Ratchaburi-Bang Pakong-Wang Noi 154.0 30 400

5. Namphong-EGAT’s Power Pant 4.0 12 1256. Sirikit-EGAT’s Power Plant 2.0 12 1957. Pailin-Erawan 53.0 24 5308. Benchamas-Parallel Line 45.0 18 2009. Tantawan- Parallel Line 45.0 24 300

10. Platong-Main Line 55.0 24 35011. Unocal’s Inter-Fields 864.6 6-2412. PTTEP’s Inter-Fields 120.8 14-1813. Chevron’s Inter-Fields 81.1 8-1214. Esso’s Inter-Fields 13.0 8-12

As of November 2000

27

P r o d u c t i o n

ProductionDaily AverageOn daily average in 2000, Thailand except Fang oilfield could produce 1,949MMscf of gas, 52,220 barrels of condensate and 57,060 barrels of oil orincreased by 5%, 6.6% and 73%, respectively. The country total production was444,366 barrels oil equivalent per day.

Thailandûs biggest gas producer, Unocal produced 1,117 MMscfd and 38,827bcd from 1,051 production wells in 13 fields, i.e., Erawan, Baanpot, Satun,Platong, Kaphong, Funan, Surat, Jakrawan, Plamuk, Pladang, Trat and Pailin.

Soaring increase of Chevronûsproduction from two fields,Tantawan and Benchamas,pushed the company to thefront. As the top oil produc-er instead of Thai Shell inthis year, Chevron used upto 98 producing wells toyield 31,800 bod and 154MMscfd or up by 74% and37%, respectively.

From 88 producing wells ofthe onshore Sirikit et al,Thai Shell pumped out

23,848 bod, and 58 MMscfd. The company could also gain as by product 290tonnes a day of LPG from separator before delivering gas to EGATûs powerplant.

PTTEP produced 548 MMscfd and 13,393 bcd from 76 wells of its single field,Bongkot. Also its subsidiary PTTEP I pumped out 540 bod from ten wellsof U-Thong another of Kamphang Saen oilfields.

Sino-US could enhance production from its Bung Muang and Bung Ya oilfields.With 19 wells, it produced 635 bod, 11.4% increase, while Pacific Tigerafforded only 220 bod but 46.7% more, through two wells of Wichian Buriand one of Si Thep oilfields.On downturn, output of dry gas from Essoûs Nam Phong gas field reduced by23.7% to 71 MMscfd.

On the RecordMany production records were set in 2000. ThaiShell produced on July 3 the highest daily rate of26,740 bod from Sirikit oilfield. PTTEP announcedthrough PTTEP News Release on December 28 thatits production rate was heightened upto 100,000

2000 Daily Production

Operator Producing Wells Gas Condensate Oil (MMcfd) (bcd) (bod)

Thai Shell 88 59 - 23,848Esso 7 71 - -PTTEPI 10 - - 548Sino-US 19 - - 635Pacific Tiger 3 - - 221

Onshore Total 127 130 - 25,252

Unocal 1,051 1,117 38,827 -PTTEP 76 548 13,393 -Chevron 98 154 - 31,808Offshore Total 1,225 1819 52,220 31,808

Unocal Thailandûs Records of Sale Gas

Statistics Date of records

1st

Tcf 13 February 19902

ndTcf 24 February 1994

3rd

Tcf 24 August 19974

thTcf 24 May 2000

Source: Unocal Thailand

28

bod during December 6-23. The record affected by the increment of gasproduction in Bongkot, Yadana and Yetagun projects at the rate of 561, 504and 103 MMscfd respectively. And, its first Tcf of sale gas from Bongkot wasreported in December [since the first production starting on July 10,1993].According to Unocal Fact Sheet issued in July, the company reached thefourth Tcf (sale gas) on May 24. Even as a new comer, Chevron alreadyovertook Thai Shell position as the largest oil producer since February.The company rapidly accelerated its production from Benchamas field andset a maximum rate of 36,266 bod on July 29 and 150.5 MMscfd onNovember 11. In contrary, the company slowed down its Tantawan production,leaving peaks at 12,908 bod on January 15 and 69 MMscfd on January 26.

History ProfileSince the first Erawan gas field has been put on production in 1981, Thailandhas newly additional producing fields almost every year. Until 2000 year-endat least 27 petroleum fields are or used to be petroleum producers. As for salevolume, the production by concessionaires began at 0.409 MMbbl of liquidpetroleum and 10.038 Bcf of gas in the first year. The figures launched to36.539 MMbbl and 671.703 Bcf in 2000.

Petroleum Production Fields in Thailand

No. Field Year of Date of Startup Output TypeDiscovery Production

1 Erawan 1972 September 1981 Gas & Condensate2 Sirikit et al* 1981 January 1983 Oil & Gas3 Baanpot 1974 October 1983 Gas & Condensate4 Satun 1983 January 1985 Gas & Condensate5 Platong 1976 March 1985 Gas & Condensate6 Kaphong 1974 July 1989 Gas & Condensate7 Nam Phong 1982 December 1990 Gas8 U-Thong 1986 July 1991 Oil9 Kamphaeng Saen 1986 July 1991 Oil

10 Bung Ya 1984 September 1991 Oil11 Nang Nuan-A 1987 January 1992 Oil12 Funan 1981 February 1992 Gas & Condensate13 Surat 1988 May 1992 Gas & Condensate14 Bongkot 1973 July 1993 Gas & Condensate15 Nang Nuan-B 1992 October 1993 Oil16 Jakrawan 1976 October 1993 Gas & Condensate17 Bung Muang 1987 March 1994 Oil18 Gomin 1989 November 1995 Gas & Condensate19 Wichian Buri 1988 May 1995 Oil20 Na Sanun 1994 May 1996 Oil21 Tantawan 1992 February 1997 Gas & Oil22 Si Thep 1990 December 1997 Oil23 Plamuk 1996 January 1998 Gas & Condensate24 Pladang 1981 April 1998 Gas & Condensate25 Benchamas 1995 June 1999 Gas & Oil26 Trat 1981 July 1999 Gas & Condensate27 Pailin 1990 August 1999 Gas & Condensate

* Consisting of Sirikit Main, Sirikit East, Sirikit West, Pru Krathiam, Pratu Tao,Nong Jig, Wat Taen and Tap Raet.DED’s Fang oilfield not included.

29

Behind the PipeIn 2000 gas production nationwideamounted to 713.128 Bcf. Comparedto sale volume a loss was 41.425 Bcfor about 5.8 % of total output. Asreported the loss was caused mainly byfuel and flare. But for Thai Shell, mainportion was transformed to LPG. Incontrary, much reduction from UnocalûsPailin gas was owing to CO2 removal.However, tens Bcf of flare gas wasspeculated. To conserve this valuable itis nessessary to minimize the disposalas much as possible.

Gas: Production and Sale

Operator Production Sale Loss (Bcf) (Bcf) (%)

Unocal 408.600 384.756 5.8PTTEP 200.580 191.938 4.3Chevron 56.315 52.793 6.2Esso 26.076 26.062 0.0Thai Shell 21.557 16.154 25.0

Total 713.128 671.703 5.8

Production and Sale

Operator Production Sale Stock (MMbbl) (MMbbl) (MMbbl)

Crude OilChevron 11.642 11.405 0.237Thai Shell 8.728 8.619 0.109Sino-US 0.223 0.224 -0.001PTTEP I 0.200 0.195 0.005Pacific Tiger 0.081 0.078 0.003

Total 19.077 20.521 0.353

CondensateUnocal 14.211 14.546 -0.335PTTEP 4.902 6.490 -1.584

Total 19.334 21.036 -1.919

OutsaleDue to fruitful control by OPECworld oil prices hung at highlevel over the year. Again, oilmarket swang back and cap-tured by producers. Similar toelsewhere, Thai crude oil wassold out and half of them wasshipped abroad. The same casehappened to condensate; about1.9 MMbbl was withdrawn fromstorage and almost emptiedthe tanks.

Export Liquid PetroleumThailand is a net petroleumimport country. But portionsof produced petroleum havebeen exported every year. In2000 about 11 MMbbl of crudeoil and 3.2 MMbbl of condensatewere shipped out. Thai con-densate has been sent out atdecreasing rate since 1996, butexport of crude oil expandedrapidly. The export quantity ofoil was equivalent to 96.5% ofChevronûs sale oil, or 57.7% ofthe countryûs production. It isessential that more oil is usedomestically.

Destination of Thai Petroleum Liquid

Country Chevronûs PTTEPûs Unocalûs TotalOil Blend Condensate Condensate

Australia 4,291,650 388,896 4,680,546Indonesia 2,544,149 2,544,149Singapore 569,781 820,194 624,901 2,014,876China 1,739,432 1,739,432USA 1,189,826 1,189,826Korea 1,097,808 1,097,808Japan 450,016 450,016Taiwan 220,537 220,537Vietnam 242,188 242,188

Total 11,005,391 1,062,382 2,111,605 14,179,378

Unit in barrel

30

Sale GasWith the reference to sale contract, natural gas is purchased by calorific content. Total of675,825,744 MMbtu was bought by PTT in 2000. The amount of heat was emitted from 676,555MMcf of gas. On average, a cubic foot of gas has heating content of 999 Btu. In term of value,there was a big difference among Thai gas. Per MMbtu, Chevron’s gas was the cheapestwhereas the Esso’s was the dearest. Based on Mcf the Esso’s gas is the most expensive whilethe Unocal’s is the cheapest.

2000 Sale Gas

Operator MMbtu MMcf btu/cf

Unocal 374,957,332 387,587 967PTTEP 188,040,326 194,291 968Chevron 69,187,865 52,823 1,310Esso 25,236,784 25,695 982Thai Shell 18,403,437 16,154 1,139

Total 675,825,744 676,555 999

Average Gas Price in 2000

Operator Baht/MMbtu Baht/Mcf

Unocal 87.9950 85.0912PTTEP 108.0243 104.5675Thai Shell 77.2698 88.0103Esso 111.1168 109.1167Chevron 67.7948 88.8112

31

Monthly Petroleum Production in Thailand in 2000FIELD Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec TOTAL

NATURAL GAS (MMscf)

Erawan 8,759.735 8,353.708 8,905.835 7,993.457 8,612.031 8,621.056 7,697.976 7,983.541 8,861.911 9,414.126 8,746.112 7,846.705 101,796.193Baanpot 531.864 494.374 441.356 326.703 330.792 322.629 361.728 445.971 616.565 620.463 435.757 311.991 5,240.193South Satun 2,208.044 2,044.901 1,875.408 1,947.688 2,167.938 1,264.208 1,352.764 1,436.979 1,534.407 1,579.584 1,260.923 884.653 19,557.497Satun 3,513.516 2,792.078 2,715.938 3,179.371 3,267.299 3,786.786 4,053.235 4,526.183 4,327.257 4,061.613 4,759.914 4,837.951 45,821.141Pladang 268.058 523.059 1,114.387 1,369.273 1,373.414 1,155.449 1,060.706 1,017.485 965.458 970.676 722.925 675.097 11,215.987Trat 3,268.417 2,628.363 3,172.376 2,456.509 2,427.090 2,003.081 1,757.856 1,434.976 1,740.791 1,936.616 1,635.481 1,532.800 25,994.356Platong 1,250.648 1,011.195 1,278.293 1,131.014 1,257.518 1,030.332 1,032.134 1,072.434 1,236.607 986.410 739.916 802.177 12,828.678Kaphong 343.894 427.272 740.878 1,083.471 1,782.314 1,721.815 1,750.348 1,558.125 1,621.200 1,327.671 1,095.771 894.539 14,347.298Surat 48.792 27.454 4.000 50.505 36.784 45.789 37.096 1.323 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 251.743Plamuk 321.428 90.568 0.000 36.507 143.774 115.021 114.080 44.362 60.093 143.834 0.000 0.000 1,069.667Funan 2,669.117 2,779.890 2,905.246 3,228.955 4,646.581 4,285.423 3,467.645 3,616.020 4,585.417 3,904.206 3,195.028 2,768.828 42,052.356Jakrawan 985.517 849.318 862.634 912.761 838.112 794.622 644.230 611.410 655.709 867.600 781.841 637.519 9,441.273West Jakrawan 2,688.118 2,685.797 2,112.833 2,347.682 2,659.705 1,564.988 2,067.703 2,138.603 2,390.786 2,469.845 1,089.876 477.936 24,693.872Gomin 361.292 1,285.716 1,363.152 1,335.590 989.982 801.417 594.357 601.573 539.184 255.001 265.905 319.457 8,712.626Pailin 7,229.845 6,980.399 7,889.197 6,124.708 5,635.070 7,310.958 7,456.083 7,163.158 7,325.877 7,453.714 7,551.125 7,457.497 85,577.631Bongkot 17,815.951 15,840.920 18,059.007 16,624.028 18,165.107 17,934.058 18,399.038 17,423.839 11,371.130 16,673.000 15,594.869 16,679.000200,579.947Tantawan 2,037.950 1,937.378 2,049.374 1,868.023 1,914.031 1,920.795 2,005.663 1,617.124 1,609.850 1,431.666 1,202.032 1,297.752 20,891.638Benchamas 2,394.988 2,489.799 2,842.141 1,679.654 2,800.750 2,908.478 3,003.029 3,063.215 3,120.038 3,606.689 3,933.566 3,580.873 35,423.220Sirikit 1,844.636 1,655.537 1,720.716 1,634.801 1,857.443 1,829.198 1,845.338 1,922.969 1,653.681 1,877.138 1,858.998 1,856.309 21,556.764Nam Phong 2,482.209 2,346.710 2,362.021 1,953.045 2,546.573 1,996.493 1,949.642 2,007.806 2,320.906 2,357.039 1,891.036 1,863.077 26,076.557

Total 61,024.019 57,244.436 62,414.792 57,283.745 63,452.308 61,412.596 60,650.651 59,687.096 56,536.867 61,936.891 56,761.075 54,724.161 713,128.637

CONDENSATE (bbl)

Erawan 275,981 252,024 259,244 228,923 231,982 241,220 234,298 253,607 308,402 317,466 281,754 251,450 3,136,351Baanpot 16,440 14,076 12,159 8,242 4,465 6,469 7,240 15,087 14,385 10,964 11,894 10,014 131,435South Satun 62,268 58,435 48,747 55,291 65,703 34,788 37,743 40,036 55,325 57,453 34,103 25,085 574,977Satun 102,432 94,770 132,359 153,595 144,670 160,290 158,012 131,419 151,668 149,627 164,382 142,952 1,686,176Pladang 11,166 25,275 39,811 59,898 55,074 41,758 54,754 42,025 28,197 29,772 21,176 24,978 433,884Trat 145,092 100,457 93,851 63,245 56,811 39,650 46,439 58,073 44,067 54,952 48,962 52,984 804,583Platong 88,375 57,701 72,866 58,770 62,182 54,892 56,810 47,334 39,858 50,837 44,777 42,322 676,724Kaphong 16,727 13,760 24,489 49,049 73,357 63,478 58,176 50,612 64,482 46,382 34,223 37,141 531,876Surat 986 605 1,400 10,704 2,871 990 550 21 0 0 0 0 18,127Plamuk 13,122 1,778 0 164 464 408 104 40 521 5,999 0 0 22,600Funan 94,337 90,414 77,488 88,816 145,170 155,265 133,761 139,770 149,532 151,894 146,966 177,739 1,551,152Jakrawan 18,274 8,988 7,194 6,417 4,846 10,734 23,485 6,637 6,243 17,087 8,815 5,355 124,075West Jakrawan 62,524 67,049 52,512 61,573 62,273 44,167 51,205 55,642 68,735 66,723 25,715 15,136 633,254Gomin 23,490 79,293 87,468 87,333 48,366 33,976 26,551 38,144 34,358 22,331 19,529 15,044 515,883Pailin 339,989 307,818 315,278 243,413 225,124 293,733 289,061 261,589 284,092 274,739 273,062 261,742 3,369,640Bongkot 412,972 395,095 431,051 389,084 399,993 426,805 442,595 433,847 269,339 398,394 436,006 466,669 4,901,850

Total 1,684,175 1,567,538 1,655,917 1,564,517 1,583,351 1,608,623 1,620,784 1,573,883 1,519,204 1,654,620 1,551,364 1,528,611 19,112,587

CRUDE OIL (bbl)

Tantawan 300,304 246,540 251,276 287,271 291,280 260,180 240,359 213,299 206,624 128,663 134,023 168,232 2,728,051Benchamas 370,774 545,583 756,962 537,904 619,876 677,135 759,829 919,084 902,030 1,020,013 917,462 887,080 8,913,732Sirikit 701,223 655,571 732,860 712,973 719,301 733,847 765,787 765,027 680,766 771,872 730,989 758,008 8,728,224Kamphangsaen 1,155 992 991 981 984 969 905 1,002 941 765 554 520 10,759U-Thong 15,535 13,546 15,108 14,318 14,631 13,833 13,976 12,981 12,126 17,150 22,328 24,154 189,686Bung Ya 9,996 8,457 8,734 7,981 8,172 18,485 22,215 16,535 12,922 14,769 13,227 13,382 154,875Bung Muang 7,613 6,836 7,066 6,303 6,659 6,046 6,038 5,589 5,872 6,819 6,130 6,451 77,422Wichianburi 6,875 5,422 6,768 6,518 6,778 6,313 6,454 6,271 5,810 4,733 5,551 5,756 73,249Srithep 880 737 664 675 687 570 613 581 543 554 519 551 7,574

Total 1,414,355 1,483,684 1,780,429 1,574,924 1,668,368 1,717,378 1,816,176 1,940,369 1,827,634 1,965,338 1,830,783 1,864,134 20,883,572

Sirikit (LPG,Tons) 8,669 8,140 9,035 7,861 9,192 9,023 9,341 9,358 7,842 9,283 8,951 9,441 106,136

32

Granted Petroleum Production Areas in Thailand(as of January 2000)

Operator Production Area Name Issued Area Issued Concession No. Block (sq. km) Date

Offshore (Gulf of Thailand)

PTT E&P Public Co., Ltd.3/2515/7 1 Bongkot 16B 280.0000 18 Mar 83

2 Bongkot 16E B16 40.0000 17 May 833 Bai Bua - 1 101.6590 16 Sep 974 Bongkot 17E B17 105.0000 17 May 83

PTT E&P Public Co., Ltd.5/2515/9 5 Bongkot 15B B15 254.0000 16 Aug 82Chevron1/2534/36 6 Tantawan 274.6670 23 Aug 95

7 Benchamas&Pakakrong B8/32 411.1500 16 Jun 978 Maliwan 368.5000 03 Nov 979 North Jarmjuree 503.2000 02 Nov 00

Thai Shell E&P Co., Ltd.3/2528/28 10 Nang Nuan A02 B6/27 2.0000 24 Nov 87

11 Nang Nuan B01 2.0000 10 Feb 93Unocal Thailand, Ltd.1/2515/5 12 Platong Area 1 49.4800 29 Oct 82

13 Kaphong Area 2 32.8000 24 Oct 8314 Platong Area 0.2500 4 Dec 8415 Kaphong Area 2-Extension 17.0000 17 May 8916 Surat Area 3 B10 7.5800 8 Apr 9117 Platong F Platform 1.7540 22 Apr 9418 Surat Area 5 1.9920 27 May 9419 Plamuk Area 6 50.0710 15 Sep 9720 Platong H Platform Area 7 7.1370 3 Nov 9721 Kaphong A Platform Area 8 3.3868 3 Mar 9822 North Pladang Area 2 2.0000 29 Oct 8223 Pladang Area 3 40.2400 29 Oct 8224 Satun Area 1 3.2200 29 Oct 8225 Platong Area 2 11.0900 29 Oct 8226 Trat Area 5 2.0000 11 Jan 8327 Pakarang Area 6 2.0000 11 Jan 8328 Platong Area 2-Extension 1.7500 4 Dec 8429 Satun Area 1-Extension B11 20.5300 27 Dec 8430 Platong Area 7 9.7030 25 Dec 8731 North Satun 20.2380 30 Mar 9232 Platong F Platform 6.0260 22 Apr 9433 Pladang A & PDD-2 Area 10 18.7600 23 Jun 9734 Plamuk Area 11 9.7270 15 Sep 9735 Platong E Area 11 0.6740 3 Mar 9936 Trat Area 13 65.2198 26 Jul 99

Unocal Thailand, Ltd.2/2515/6 37 Erawan Area 1 109.1600 26 Dec 79

38 Erawan Area 2 31.6700 24 Feb 8139 Satun Area 3 53.9800 29 Oct 8240 Erawan Area 1-2-Extension 17.9600 3 May 8441 Erawan Area 1-Extension 15.2100 3 May 8442 Satun Area 3-Extension (1) 16.2800 27 Dec 8443 Satun Area 3-Extension (2) 22.0500 27 Dec 8444 Erawan Area-Extension (1) 57.6000 29 Apr 8545 Erawan Area 1-Extension (M) 10.5600 11 Apr 8846 Erawan Area 1-Extension (N) 4.0000 13 Oct 8847 Jakrawan Area 4 B12 3.2300 15 Nov 8948 Satun Area 5 10.3500 18 May 9049 Erawan Area 1-Extension (P) 2.3200 9 Aug 9050 Satun Area 6 18.5900 29 Oct 9051 Erawan Area 1-Extension (R & Q) 25.5030 3 Nov 9352 Funan G 2.7450 4 Oct 9453 Erawan S & T Platforms 30.8890 22 Nov 9454 Jakrawan B, C & D 50.0770 3 Apr 9655 Satun L Platform Area 10 23.4323 24 Feb 9756 Jakrawan E & I Area 11 5.5721 23 Sep 9757 Jakrawan F & H Area 12 8.7485 23 Sep 9758 East Dara Area 13 129.7000 06.Dec 00

33

Operator Production Area Name Issued Area Issued Concession No. Block (sq. km) Date

Unocal Thailand, Ltd.2/2515/6 59 Erawan Area 1 5.4200 26 Dec 79

60 Baanpot Area 2 35.4300 29 Oct 8261 Funan Area 4 2.0000 11 Jan 8362 Baanpot Area 3 7.9900 14 Dec 8363 Erawan Area 1-N-Extension 7.3200 29 Apr 8564 Erawan Area 1-Extension (s) 1.6900 3 Oct 8665 Baanpot Area 5 2.5360 20 Aug 8766 Baanpot Area 5-Extension B13 11.0000 26 Feb 8867 Jakrawan Area 3 12.7100 15 Nov 8968 Funan Area 4-Addition 99.0610 28 Aug 9169 Jakrawan Area 6 1.9380 6 Oct 9370 Funan G 6.3000 10 Apr 9471 Gomin A & B Area 8 20.1090 7 Oct 9572 Funan H & I 23.0110 22 Apr 9673 Jakrawan E & I Area 10 9.4498 23 Sep 9774 Jakrawan F & H Area 11 5.9641 23 Sep 9775 Funan J Platform (Area 12) 11.3900 26 Apr 0076 Funan B & H Infill Platform 9.6600 02 Nov 0077 Funan K Area 14 19.9000 02 Nov 00

Unocal Petroleum, Ltd.5/2534/41 78 West Dara B 10/32 5.0600 06 Dec 00Unocal Thailand, Ltd.1/2529/33 79 Main Pailin Area 1 B12/27 452.6200 05 Jan 94

80 North Pailin Area 2 325.4930 03 Nov 9781 South Pailin Area 3 118.6290 27 Aug 9882 West Pailin Area 4 149.8510 27 Aug 9883 Moragot Area 5 383.1400 27 Aug 98

OnshoreESSO E&P Khorat Inc.2/2522/17 1 Nam Phong E5 34.4000 5 Feb 88ESSO E&P Khorat Inc.1/2524/19 2 Phu Horm-1 EU1 1.9600 15 May 89Pacific Tiger Energy (Thailand) Ltd.1/2527/2 3 Wichian Buri 2.0000 24 Jan 92

4 Na Sanun SW1A 1.9720 12 May 955 Si Thep 1.8480 13 May 97

PTT E&P Public Co., Ltd.2/2538/27 6 U-Thong PTTEP 1 5.0600 10 Aug 90

7 Kamphaeng Saen 2.0000 10 Aug 90Sino-U.S. Petroleum Inc.1/2526/23 8 Bung Ya Structure 5.4189 15 Jan 91

9 Bung Muang-2 1.9970 5 Jan 9410 Bung Muang & Bung Ya Area I NC 0.9100 7 Dec 9611 Bung Muang & Bung Ya Area II 2.0020 12 Jul 9612 Bung Muang & Bung Ya Area III 0.9160 12 Jul 96

Thai Shell E&P Co., Ltd.1/2522/16 13 Sirikit 25.0000 11 Jan 83

14 Sirikit F01 10.7000 13 May 8315 Sirikit South 14.7500 20 Aug 8416 Sirikit West 2.9120 9 Oct 8417 Pru Krathiam 16.1172 15 Dec 8618 Wat Taen 2.0000 4 Mar 8819 Tap Raet S1 1.9490 27 Jan 8920 Nong Tum 1.9733 23 Feb 9021 Pratu Tao 1.9954 24 Mar 8922 Sirikit East 1.9300 10 Feb 9323 Nong Makhaam E 1.8600 10 Apr 9324 Sirikit T 2.4960 27 Aug 9825 Nong Makhaam 15.4920 19 Oct 99

Source : Petroleum Assessment and Development Section, Mineral Fuels Division, DMR.

34

In comply with environmental protection DMR initiated three projects tomonitor adverse impact induced by production in the Gulf of Thailand.First project aims at assessing whether or not mercury dispersion from gasproduction affects surrounding living things. The study was done throughfinding mercury anormaly in produced water. The project conducted byChula Unisearch and the Aquatic Resources Research Institute, ChulalongkornUniversity was focuses on amount of mercury accumulation in tissue of fishliving around Erawan, Satun, Platong, Funan, Bongkot and Pailin productionplatforms. The project is to complete the first half period of one-yearcontract in January 2001.

Second one studies on “Baseline Environment Database for PetroleumExploration and Production Industry” and can be separated into three phases.Work done in Phase I starting from September 2000 covered a review andconstruction of Pro-Forma EIA reports on standard seismic and drillingactivities, a review of past EIA submissions, a development of an EIA databasein an electronic format and an immediate term training. The project wasscheduled to complete at the end of February 2001.

Last but not least, the project started from the last quarter of 2000 on heavymetal problem arising from gas production. The study is to determinemercury, arsenic and cadmiun content in petroleum and water produced byUnocal, PTTEP and Chevron.

All these moves could make all concerning persons clearly understood andwill do next the best for the ecology.

H e a l t h, S a f e t y a n d E n v i r o n m e n t

2000 HSE SUMMARY

35

A c t i v i t i e s i n t h eMalaysia - Thailand Joint Development Area (MTJDA)

(MTJDA)Cakerawala Gas Field Development Projects

Since Gas Sales Agreement (GSA) for the supply of gas from Block A-18 of theMalaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area was signed on October 30, 1999,the development of Block A-18 has been carried out.

Cakerawala gas field , located in Block A-18, will be the first field developedin the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area (MTJDA). The contractors ofthis block are Petronas Carigali (JDA) Sdn. Bhd., Triton Oil Company ofThailand (JDA) Limited and Triton Oil Company of Thailand Inc.,the operatoris Carigali-Triton Operating Company (CTOC).

On January 22, 2000, a consortium ofTechnip Geoproduction. Sdn.Bhd.,Samsung and Saipem was awarded anEngineering, Procurement, and Con-struction (EPC) contract by CTOC toconstruct and install Cakerawalafacilities in order to deliver gas at 390MMscfd to joint buyers, PTT andPETRONAS by July 2002. The Cake-rawala Gas Field Development Projectwill consist of Central ProcessingFacilities (CPF), a riser platform,three wellhead platforms, A, B and C,and Floating Storage Unit (FSU).

The CPF is a fully integrated facilitiesthat consist of two trains of gas processing facilities, utilities, accommodationand a cantilever flare. Gas processing also equipps CO2 removal and associatedpretreatment equipments to remove CO2 down to 15% before delivering to thejoint buyers.

The riser platform is a platform that gathers the incoming and outgoingpipelines. A sale gas compressors is also installed on the top deck of the riserplatform.

The three wellhead platforms are designed to accommodate 35 developmentwells which are expected to be drilled in this field. The first well commencethe drilling in August 2001.

The FSU is utilized to store the stabilized condensate with a capacity of500,000 barrels and also to offload the stored condensate by means of shuttletanker as charter by customer.

The total contract value of the EPC project is US$ 578 million. As of December31, 2000, the progress of the project is about 45%.

36

P e t r o l e u m R e s e r v e s

Petroleum ReservesProved petroleum reserves as of December 31, 2000 compared to those ofthe previous year are:

1999 2000 +/-

Natural Gas (Bcf) 12,168.00 12,704.83 +4.4%Condensate (MMbbl) 212.68 243.67 +14.6%Crude Oil (MMbbl) 156.18 272.02 +74.2%

Gulf of ThailandProved natural gas reserve goes up moderately while condensate and crudeoil reserves rise significantly over those of last year. Major contributions tothe increase of oil and condensate reserves are Big Oil project of Unocalwhich consists of Surat, Yala, Plamuk and Kaphong fields, Benchamas fieldwaterflood project which started in the late 2000 with promising results, anda newly delineated project; Kung. In Malaysia-Thailand Joint DevelopmentArea (MTJDA) oil reserves are assessed separately for the first time asexploration results confirm the presence of crude oil. Major contributions tothe increase of gas and condensate reserves are new exploration wells anddelineation wells of Bongkot and Arthit projects as well as higher condensategas ratio used in MTJDA.

OnshoreAlthough onshore natural gas reserve declines moderately, total natural gasreserve still rises due to a positive contribution from the gulf, which hostsover 90% of natural gas reserve. Sirikit oilfield is the only onshore field thathas delineation activities and resulted in the transfer from possible andprobable oil reserves to proved oil reserve. Oil reserve of other onshore fieldscontinues to decline. Cumulative production and reserves of Fang project wasrevised with cooperation of Department of Energy Defense (DED) resultingin obviously higher numbers of cumulative production and reserves than ournumbers posted last year.

Oil Condensate Natural Gas

Produced Petroleum( MMbbl Oil Equivalent )

76%

12%12%

Oil Condensate Natural Gas

Probable Reserve( MMbbl Oil Equivalent )

80%

10%10%

Oil Condensate Natural Gas

Proved Reserve( MMbbl Oil Equivalent )

76%

12%

83%

8%9%

Oil Condensate Natural Gas

Possible Reserve( MMbbl Oil Equivalent )

81%

10% 9%

37

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38

Petroleum Fields in Thailand

39

C o a l A c t i v i t i e s i n T h a i l a n d

Coal Activities in ThailandOverview

For a century, Thailand has experienced in utilizing coal. Initially used assteam raiser for locomotive, coal has been used later as a main fuel inelectricity generation for decades. Even in 1999 coal ranked third after natu-ral gas and fuel oil in Gwh production. After participation of private minerssince early 80s, coal becomes more and more important for cement manufac-turing. Higher tonnage of coal burnt in cement furnace set the record everyyear until 1998 when economic crisis emerged. Exploration history indicatedthat the majority of coals found in Thailand are low calorific, lignitic andsub bituminous coal.In the new millennium, coal will still be a future fuel for Thailand, not onlybecause of plenty available, but cheaply in cost. Even blames on its environ-mental adverse quality but with innovated technology dirty coal can be usedfriendly and safely plausible.

Mining LeasesAccording to mineral laws, to explore and exploit coal in Thailand are underregulated and supervised by DMR. Exploration license for particular blocks willbe awarded to interested prospectors. Shortly after fully investigation theycan apply for their known reserves. At least a minimal area of 300 rais (120acres) per mining tract will be awarded if no objection from EPA. Until 2000 year-end, there are altogether 27 coal concessionaires holding 140coal tracts throughout Thailand. Most are located in the northern provinces ofthe country i.e. Lampang, Lamphun, Chiang Mai, Phayao and Tak. Currently,there are 14 coalmines on the list, but only ten still on production. Eight ofwhich are in northern Thailand and one each in the central and southernregions.

0123456789

10111213141516171819202122232425

YEAR

COAL PRODUCTION IN THAILAND:1955-2000

UNIT

YEAR

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

40

Production ReductionAs reported, coal mining in Thailand has started since 1955 at Mae Moh. Coaloutput steadily increased every year till 1978. The mining rate afterwards wassteeply climbing as long as Thai economy expansion. The peak production wasset at 22.133 million tonnes annually in 1997. In 2000 Thailand produced only17.7 million tonnes of coal, the third year in a row of reduction (by 3% lessthan of 1999 output).By basin, coal produced in 2000 fell into 76.94% Mae Moh, 10.37% Li, 9.22%Mae Than, 1.06% Chiang Muan, 0.61% Bo Luang, 0.56% Na Hong, 0.52% NongYa Plong, 0.47% Krabi and 0.03% Mae Teep. Monthly output of coal variedbetween 1.2-1.7 million tonnes depending upon market demand rather thanclimatic adverse. Wet months in Thailand are from June to September.The value of coal produced in this year evaluated by posted price for collect-ing royalty is 8,850 million baht and the collected royalty is 335.98 millionbaht. Four per cent of royalty is applied to 500 baht posted price of coalannounced by DMR.

Imported CoalDue to lower calorificvalue of domestic coal,higher calorific coal fromoutside is thus necessarilyimported every year. Evenin economic depressionyear Thailand still broughtin coal in growing value.Of the total, bituminouscoal for cement manu-facturing was highest.

Coal PriceIn general coal price in Thailand is restricted mainly to heating content. Themost acceptable heating value is standing at 5,000 kcal/kg. At presentdomestic coal is purchased 500 baht/tonne at mine mouth. Coal buyer willpay bonus for additional heating content. In contrast, coal seller must paypenalty in case of outer limit of ash and sulphur content. Transportation costof domestic coal mostly sent from northern Thailand to Saraburi, the cementindustry center is estimated about 340 baht/tonne.For coal import, both long-term contract and spot-lot is applicable. Long-termcontract provides quality reliability and supply security. Referring to JBP(Japanese benchmark price) the cost can be as high as 28.75 US$/tonne for6700 kcal/kg coal at loading point. Mostly used for Thailand, the spot-lotis advantageous in demand fluctuation but weakly versus JBP. High calorificcoal (6400-6600 kcal/kg) costs about 30 US$/ tonne and 22 US$/ tonne formedium calorific one (6000 kcal/kg) at discharge port.

Coal UtilizationThailand’s coal utilization in 2000 was 13.5% of overall fuels consumption.The utilized coal totalled 17.642 million tonnes. The largest fraction, 14.13million tonnes or 80.12% was used for EGAT’s Mae Moh power plants. The restof coal was utilized in other industries such as cement, tobacco, lime, foodand etc. Utilization of coal in Thailand has decreased since 1999 because ofeconomic crisis. However, it is foreseen to rise again in 2005.

Coal Imported to Thailand

Type of Coal1999 2000

Quantity CIF Value Quantity CIF Value

Anthracite 110,804 149.571 108,132 165.387Bituminous 2,221,947 2,635.315 2,159,415 2,360.125Coke & Semi-coke 82,831 237.973 66,173 310.633Other Coal 809,387 793.151 1,366,858 1,509.249Briquettes 4 0.228 1 0.179Lignite 40 0.015 0 0.000Total 3,225,013 3,906.253 3,700,579 4,345.573

Quantity in tonne and value in million bahtSource: Customs Department

41

Coal Utilization in Thailand

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Electricity 16.710 17.460 15.140 13.420 14.134Cement 3.250 3.390 3.214 3.820 2.540Paper 0.580 0.480 0.606 0.496 0.313Fiber 0.150 0.180 0.234 0.317 0.236Lime 0.080 0.056 0.285 0.026 0.039Tobacco 0.062 0.074 0.103 0.018 0.024Food 0.089 0.052 0.070 0.020 0.077Metal 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.025 0.012Others 0.012 0.060 0.385 0.329 0.267Total 21.040 21.760 20.040 18.471 17.642

Unit in million tonne

Coal Reserves of Thailand

Reserves

Basin Name District, Province Produced Remaining Coal Rank Age

Northern RegionMae Moh Mae Moh, Lampang 178.862 1,226.748 Lignite to Sub-bituminous TertiaryLi Li, Lamphun 34.315 1.037 Lignite to Bituminous TertiaryMae Than Sop Prap, Lampang 15.451 20.398 Lignite to Bituminous TertiaryChiang Muan Chiang Muan, Phayao 1.872 NA Lignite to Bituminous TertiaryNa Hong Mae Chaem, Chiang Mai 2.487 NA Lignite to Sub-bituminous TertiaryBo Luang Hod, Chiang Mai 1.378 NA Lignite to Sub-bituminous TertiaryMae Lamao Mae Sod, Tak 1.053 0.576 Lignite to Bituminous TertiaryMae Teep Ngao, Lampang 0.885 10.115 Lignite to Bituminous TertiaryMae Tun Mae Ramat, Tak 0.320 0.900 Lignite to Bituminous TertiaryCentral RegionNong Ya Plong Nong Ya Plong, Phetchaburi 1.091 0.630 Lignite to Bituminous TertiarySouthern RegionKrabi Muang, Krabi 7.961 112.038 Lignite to Sub-bituminous TertiaryKantang Kantang, Trang 0.010 NA Lignite TertiaryNortheastern RegionNa Duang Na Duang, Loei 0.154 NA Anthracite Pre-

tertiaryNa Klang Na Klang, Udon Thani 0.006 NA Anthracite Pre-

tertiaryTotal 245.836 1,372.048

Unit in million tonne

Coal ReservesDisclosed by mining data, an ultimate remaining reserve of coal was estimatedat 1,372.048 million tonnes. The highest reserve is 1,226.748 million tonnesin Mae Moh coal mine. Of the figure, the cumulative coal production at 2000year-end was 245.836 million tonnes.

Others 2%

Fiber 1%

Paper 2%

Cement14%

Elec tricity81%

COAL UTILIZATION IN 2000

42

Undeveloped ResourcesIn 1987 DMR set up Coal Exploration & Assessment Project (CEP) to assesscoal resource throughout Thailand. Under the project more than 70 Tertiarybasins over the country have been finely investigated. Via detailed-geologyinvestigation, high-resolution seismic reflection and exploration drilling thedepartment revealed 27 basins with potentially mineable coal. As far asgeological data collected, the country total so far is estimated at 784.771million tonnes in place.

Coal Resources of Thailand

Basin Name Province Measured Indicated Coal Rank

Wiang Haeng Chiang Mai 93.019 34.124 Lignite B to Sub-bituminous BFang Chiang Mai 1.120 NA Lignite A to Sub-bituminous BSan Pa Tong Chiang Mai 0.500 NA Lignite to Sub-bituminousBo Salee Chiang Mai 0.432 0.667 Sub-bituminous CPai Mae Hong Son 0.174 0.366 Lignite to Sub-bituminousWang Nua Lampang 9.012 21.160 Lignite B to Sub-bituminous ANgao Lampang 48.400 50.690 Lignite B to Sub-bituminous BChae Hom-Muang Pan Lampang 16.186 41.047 Lignite B to Sub-bituminous AMae Chang Lampang 2.009 5.003 Lignite A to Sub-bituminous BHang Chat Lampang 10.320 28.260 Lignite A to Sub-bituminous ASerm Ngam Lampang 6.194 13.202 Lignite B to Sub-bituminous AMae Tha Lampang 22.487 55.065 Lignite to Sub-bituminous AChiang Muan Phayao 25.275 17.989 Lignite B to Sub-bituminous BNa Sai Lamphun 1.310 5.270 Lignite AMae Ramat Tak 37.540 72.170 Lignite A to Sub-bituminous AMae Lamao Tak 15.575 46.366 Lignite to Sub-bituminous CPhob Phra Tak 2.330 7.040 Lignite to Sub-bituminousUmphang-Pala Tha Tak 8.053 19.236 Lignite to Sub-bituminous APhrae Phrae 1.612 0.403 Lignite to Sub-bituminousBung Sam Phun Petchabun 6.850 NA Lignite A to Sub-bituminous AWichian Buri Petchabun 1.650 2.620 Lignite to Sub-bituminousNong Ya Plong Phetchaburi 4.452 12.256 Sub-bituminous to BituminousNong Phlub Prachuap Khirikhan 10.520 2.786 Lignite to BituminousSin Pun Nakorn Si Thammarat 91.060 16.428 Lignite A to Sub-bituminous BKhian Sa Surat Thani 15.411 40.000 Lignite B to Sub-bituminous ASaba Yoi Songkhla 349.860 254.890 LigniteKantang Trang 3.420 10.260 Lignite to Sub-bituminous

Total 784.771 755.098

Measured resource refers to the amount in the radius of 200 meter of an exploratory well.Indicated resource refers to the amount in the adjacent annulus of 200-400 meter apart.NA denotes data not availableUnit in million tonne

43

Coal Production Area in Thailand

44

High Coal Potential Area investigated by DMR (1987-1999)

45

CEPûs Activities in 2000Five additional areas were explored and assessed as follows:To prove coal existing in Mae Sai basin of Chiang Rai province, 11 wells werepreliminarily drilled, but no coal was found. Geological mapping of 550 Km2

was also conducted in the year.

To search more coal in Mae Ramat basin of Tak province; 19 follow-up wellswere drilled. Several coal seams of 1-285 cm in thick were encounteredbetween 172-294 m deep. Analysis of 114 coal samples showed its represent-ed quality as following: 3,284 cal/g heating value, 10.50% moisture, 39.70%ash and 7.03% sulfur. This effort added up the basin resource to 37.54 and72.17 million tonnes of measured and demonstrated resources, respectively.

Seven exploratory wells were drilled to a cumulative depth of 1,738 m in NaSai sub-basin within Li basin of Lamphun province. The drilling found coalseams of varied thickness of 1-27 cm at depth of 172-294 m. On the averageof 20 samples the coal contains 2,915 cal/g heating value, 29.47% moisture,22.28% ash and 5.40% sulfur. The amount of 1.31 million tonnes of measuredresource and 5.27 million tonnes of demonstrated resource were computed.As for the better know of vertical information the lateral extant covering 100Km2 of the area was also investigated and mapped.

Five more exploratory wells were drilled with an aggregate depth of 641 min Phob Phra basin of Tak province, but no coal found more in the area.

Only 11 seismic lines of 85 Km were conducted over Mae Jai basin of Phayaoprovince. The result of the survey will be determined for future drilling.

Summary of CEP’s Activity in 2000

Drilling Seismic Survey

Basin Province Well Depth Well log* Lines DistanceSample

(m) (m) (Km)Analysis

Mae Sai Chiang Rai 11 2,206 3,237.13 0 0 0Mae Ramat Tak 19 2,615 6,761.70 0 0 114Na Sai Lamphun 7 1,738 2,829.03 0 0 20Phob Phra Tak 5 641 1,514.50 0 0 0Mae Jai Phayao 0 0 0.00 11 85 0

Total 42 7,200 14,342.36 11 85 134

*Density, neutron, resistivity and sonic

Coal BiddingAccording to SEC 6 bis of Mineral Act (1967), 13 areas have been confined fora special study of coal by DMR solely and no one was permitted for coal tractsin the areas. For many years at work DMR found coal potential in severalbasins such as Mae tha, Serm Ngam and Wang Nua. In 2000 the preparation ofthe areas selection with relevant documents was carried out. Announcementof Ministry of Industry for bidding was as well under drafting. The departmentplanned to open bidding in 2001 for interested private sector to exploit thosecoal.

46

Joint ProjectDMR incorporation with JICA (the Japan International Cooperation Agency)studied coal within 63 square kilometers in the northern part of Ngao basin,Lampang province. The study targeted in three main objectives:1. Comprehensive analysis of the coal seam condition and estimation of the

mineable reserve.2. Conceptual planning of mine development with an upgrading technology

for improvement in coal quality.3. Technology transfer on coal mine development procedures i.e. exploration,

evaluation, mining, environment protection, coal quality improvement, etc.

Clean Coal Technology (CCT)CCT is the best ever way to use coal safely and efficiently. Through this meanmany air pollutants directly emitted from previous conventional coal combus-tion can be reduced effectively.

Since 1995, DMR had applied CCT in various means in order to see how betterto utilize domestic coal. The study concluded as follows :

A laboratory testing using coals from Wiang Haeng and Sin Pun fields for coal-water fuel preparation and gasification was conducted. The project resultedin finding satisfactory reduction of equilibrium moisture content and remark-able escalation of energy density. The fuel burnt fairly well.

In order to study for coal liquidmixture technology, high ashcoal of Ngao field was foundsignificant preferences such ashigh reactivity, low porosity, lowchlorine, and presence of inher-ent Fe/S, the catalytic material.

But more suitable was Mae Ramat coal due to lower moisture, ash, oxygen, sulfur andexchangeable calcium than Ngao coal. Used as a liquefaction feedstock, Mae Ramatcoal could yield commercial oil and reduce some operating problems.

A preliminary economic evaluation of underground coal gasification was carried outfor Sin Pun lignite. The coal contained on average 17.5% moisture (as received),10.8% ash (air-dried) and 11.4% sulfur (air-dried). Because of its high reactivity,attributed to the high levels of acid-extractable Fe and Ca, the coal was recom-mended for in situ gasification. Further studies for locally uses of the coal gasproceeded in Li and Chiang Muan basins. The first one could produce gas enoughfor local industries only. But the latter tended to supply sufficiently both forindustries and power plant. An economic evaluation of the energy productioncosted only 0.87 baht/kWh.

Coking potential was experimented to Thai coals from various places, Wiang Haeng,Ngao, Mae Ramat, Sin Pun. No one had coking property even blended with cokingcoal. However, for cleaner used and easier transported, these coals could be formedbriquette. Further studies carried over Chiang Muan, Li, Mae Than and Nong Ya Plongcoals. Preliminary conclusion suggested those formed-coke gave off heat almostthe same as real coke eventhough weaker in other properties i.e. strength, density,sulfur and ash contents. To replace Japanese or Chinese coke in industrial uses,the formed-coke need to be further up-graded

Outcome of Coal-Water Fuel Pilot Testing

Wiang Haeng Sin PunBefore After Before After

Moisture content (wt%) 37.4 20.0 27.0 15.0Heating value (Btu/lb) 4,450 6,650 4,500 6,100

47

L i s t of P e t r o l e u m C o n c e s s i o n a i r e s

List of Petroleum ConcessionairesAmerada Hess Exploration (Thailand) Co., Ltd.Amerada Hess (Thailand) Ltd.

17th Floor, Rama IV Building (Opposite Lumpini Park), 990 Rama IV Road, Bangkok 10500Tel : (66) 2636-1936-40Fax : (66) 2636-1941

Amoco Thailand Petroleum Co.18th Floor, Sathorn City Building,175 South Sathorn Road, Thung Mahamek,Sathorn, Bangkok 10120Tel : (66) 2679-6005, 2679-6015Fax : (66) 2679-6041-2

British Gas Thailand PTE Ltd.British Gas Asia Inc.Thai Energy Co., Ltd.

321 B, 21st Floor, SCB Park Plaza,Tower III East, 19 Ratchadapisek Road,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 Tel : (66) 2937-9280Fax : (66) 2937-9291-2

Chevron Overseas Petroleum Thailand Ltd.Chevron Offshore (Thailand) Ltd.

B 8/32 Partners Ltd.27th Floor, Suntowers Building B.,123 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Ladyao,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900Tel : (66) 2618-1000Fax : (66) 2618-1001

Defense Energy Department (DED)Ministry of Defense, 496 Phetchaburi Road,Bangkok 10400Tel : (66) 2208-9021-6Fax : (66) 2208-9444

Esso Exploration and Production Khorat Inc.3195/16 Rama IV Road (11th Floor),Klong Toey, Bangkok 10110Tel : (66) 2262-4000, 2661-3100Fax : (66) 2262-4805

Forest Oil International (Thailand) Ltd.2469/ 8-9 A.P.C.I. Building, New Phetchaburi Road, Bangkapi,Huay Kwang, Bangkok 10320Tel : (66) 2319-1975-7Fax : (66) 2318-2257

48

Harrods Energy (Thailand) Limited26th Floor, Maison Maneeya Building, 1 Phaholyothin Road, Soi 9,Phayathai, Bangkok 10400Tel : (66) 2617-1620-2Fax : (66) 2617-1623, 2617-1615

Kerr - McGee (Thailand) Ltd.15th Floor, Thai Wah Tower II,21/117A South Sathorn Road, Thung Mahamek,Sathorn, Bangkok 10120Tel : (66) 2677-3093-7Fax : (66) 2677-3098

Moeco Thailand Co., Ltd.Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd.MOECO Thai Oil Development Co., Ltd.

12th Floor, Boonmitr Building,138 Silom Road, Suriwong,Bangruk, Bangkok 10500Tel : (66) 2236-6765-76, 2236-8176Fax : (66) 2236-8177

MMC Exploration and Production (Thailand) Ltd.14th Floor, Kamolsukosol Building,317 Silom Road, Silom, Bangrak,Bangkok 10500Tel : (66) 2237-6739Fax : (66) 2236-8333

Pacific Tiger Energy (Thailand) Ltd.Unit 46/20,6th floor,The Nation Tower,46 Bangna-Trad Road, Moo 10,Bangna, Bangkok 10260Tel : (66) 2751-4025-8Fax : (66) 2751-4029-30

PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd.PTTEP International Ltd.

PTTEP Office Building,555 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900Tel : (66) 2537-4000Fax : (66) 2537-4333, 2537-4444

Santa Fe Energy Resources (Thailand) Limited4th Floor 1769 Ritratana Building,Ramkhamhaeng Road, Hua Mark,Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240Tel : (66) 2319-9869Fax : (66) 2717-2863

49

Sino-U.S. Petroleum Inc.Sino Thai Energy Ltd.Combined Oil and Gas (Thailand) Inc.Thai Energy Resources Ltd.

6th Floor, Ban Chang Glass Huas Building,1 Sukhumvit 25,Klong Toey, Bangkok 10110Tel : (66) 2260-6181-8Fax : (66) 2258-9926

SOCO Exploration (Thailand) Co., Ltd.4th Floor, 1769 Ritratana Building, Ramkhamhaeng Road, Hua Mark,Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240Tel : (66) 2319-9865, 2717-2644-6Fax : (66) 2319-6296

Songkhla Resources Ltd.3rd Floor, Sui Heng Lee Building,68 Soi Santiparp, Sap Road, Siphaya,Bangruk, Bangkok 10500Tel : (66) 2233-8607-8Fax : (66) 2236-7985

The Palangsophon Co., Ltd.5th Floor, Bangkok Insurance /Y.W.C.A. Building 25 South Sathorn Road, Thung Mahamek,Sathorn, Bangkok 10120Tel : (66) 2285-8080Fax : (66) 2677-3900

Thai Shell Exploration and Production Co., Ltd.10 Soonthornkosa Road,Bangkok 10110Tel : (66) 2249-0483-4Fax : (66) 2249-0489, 2249-8393

Thaipo Ltd.8th Floor, All Season Place, 87 M. Thai Tower, Lumpini, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330Tel : (66) 2654-0686Fax : (66) 2654-0685

Total Exploration and Production Thailand22nd Floor, Suntower Building B,123 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Ladyao,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900Tel : (66) 2617-6464Fax : (66) 2617-6454

Unocal Andaman, Ltd.Unocal Thailand, Ltd.Unocal Petroleum, Ltd.

5th Floor, Tower lll, SCB Park Plaza,19 Ratchadapisek Road,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900Tel : (66) 2545-5555Fax : (66) 2545-5554, 2545-5352

50

G o v e r n m e n t A g e n c i e s a n d S t a t e E n t e r p r i s e s

GovernmentDefense Energy Department (DED)

Ministry of Defense,496 Phetchaburi Road,Bangkok 10400Tel : (66) 2208-9021-6Fax : (66) 2208-9444

Department of Energy Development and Promotion (DEDP)Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

17 Praram I Road, Kasatsuk BridgeBangkok 10330Tel : (66) 2223-0021-9Fax : (66) 2226-1416

Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)53 Moo 2, Charansanitwong Road,Bang Kruai,Nonthaburi 11130Tel : (66) 2424-0111, 2424-0101Fax : (66) 2433-6317

National Energy Policy Office (NEPO)Office of The Prime Minister78 Ratchadamnoen Nok Road, Dusit,Bangkok 10300Tel : (66) 2282-9028-30, 2280-3880-4, 2280-0951-7Fax : (66) 2280-0292, 2280-0281, 2280-2035

Office of the Board of Investment (BOI)555 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, ChatuchakBangkok 10900Tel : (66) 2537-8111, 2537-8155Fax : (66) 2537-8177

Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB)

962 Krung Kasem Road,Bangkok 10100Tel : (66) 2280-4085Fax : (66) 2280-0892

Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT)PTT Office Building,555 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road,Chatuchak,Bangkok 10900Tel : (66) 2537-2000Fax : (66) 2537-3498-9

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Public Works DepartmentGas and Fuel Safety Regulation Division 218/1 Rama VI Road,Phayathai, Bangkok 10400Tel : (66) 2273-0061, 2273-0860-78Fax : (66) 2273-0887

Thailand Institute of Scientific andTechnological Research (TISTR)

196 Phaholyothin Road,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900Tel : (66) 2579-1121-30, 2579-5515, 2579-0160Fax : (66) 2561-4771

Office of Environmental Policy and Planning60/1 Soi Pibulwatana 7, Rama VI Road,Bangkok 10400Tel : (66) 2279-7180-9Fax : (66) 2271-3266

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C o a l O p e r a t o r s i n T h a i l a n d

Coal Operators in ThailandBan Pu International Limited

28th Floor, Grand Amarin Tower,1550 New Phetchaburi Road,Rajthaevee, Bangkok 10310Tel : (66) 2207-0730-1, 2207-0752Fax : (66) 2207-0753

Ban Pu Public Co., Ltd.25-28th Floor, Grand Amarin Tower,1550 New Phetchaburi Road,Rajthaevee, Bangkok 10310Tel : (66) 2207-0688, 2207-0730-1Fax : (66) 2207-0696

Chiang Muan Mining Co., Ltd.25th Floor, Grand Amarin Tower,1550 New Phetchaburi Road,Rajthaevee, Bangkok 10310Tel : (66) 2207-0754, 2207-0779, 2207-0688Fax : (66) 2207-0695

Laemthong Lignite Co., Ltd.195 Kaew Nawarat Road,Amphoe Muang,Chiang Mai 50000Tel : (6653) 511-267, 2511-965, 2512-242

Lanna Lignite Co., Ltd.9th Floor, Mahatun Plaza Building, B55,888/99 Ploenchit Road,Bangkok 10330Tel : (66) 2253-6820-2Fax : (66) 2253-5014

Phrae Lignite Co., Ltd.6th Floor, Mankong Kehakarn Building,719 Bunthudthong Road,Prathumwan, Bangkok 10330

Siam Carbon Lignite (1978) Co., Ltd.18th Floor, ITF Silom Plaza160/679 Silom Road,Bang Rak, Bangkok 10500Tel : (66) 2745-6099-100

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Siam Cement Public Co., Ltd.1 Siam Cement Road,Bang Sue, Bangkok 10800Tel : (66) 2586-3333, 2586-4444, 2586-5385-6Fax : (66) 2587-2199, 2587-2201, 2586-2145

Siam Graphite Co., Ltd.32-34 Chiang Khan Road,Amphoe Muang,Loei 42000

Suche Lignite Co., Ltd.10/12 Mahardthaibumroong Road,Amphoe Muang,Tak 63000Tel : (66) 5551-1437

Thai-Laos Lignite Co., Ltd.19/1 Soi Samanchan,Sukhumvit 42 Road, Prakanong,Bangkok 10110Tel : (66) 2381-4405, 2712-1190Fax : (66) 2381-3620

EGCO Mining Co., Ltd.13th Floor, EGCO Tower222 Moo 5 Vipavadee Road,Tungsonghong, Luksee, BangkokTel : (66) 2955-0655Fax : (66) 2955-0934

A b b r e v i a t i o n

AbbreviationBcf Billion cubic feetBcfd Billion cubic feet per daybbl barrelbpd Barrel per daybcd Barrel condensate per daybod Barrel oil per dayMbpd Thousand barrel per dayMbpdOE Thousand barrel per day of Oil EquivalentMMbbl Million barrelMMcf Million cubic feetMMcfd Million cubic feet per dayMMscf Million standard cubic feetMMscfd Million standard cubic feet per dayTcf Trillion cubic feetTcfd Trillion cubic feet per dayMbbl Thousand barrelAmerada Hess Amerada Hess Exploration (Thailand) Co., Ltd.Amoco Amoco Thailand Petroleum Co.BG British Gas Thailand PTE Ltd. Chevron Chevron Offshore (Thailand) Ltd.Esso ESSO Exploration and Production Khorat Inc.Forest Oil Forest Oil International (Thailand) Ltd.Kerr-McGee Kerr-McGee (Thailand) Ltd.Pacific Tiger Pacific Tiger Energy (Thailand) Ltd.PTTEP PTT Exploration and Production Public Co., Ltd.PTTEPI PTTEP International, Ltd.Santa Fe Santa Fe Energy Resources (Thailand) Ltd.Sino-U.S. Sino-U.S. Petroleum Inc.SOCO SOCO Exploration (Thailand) Co., Ltd.Thai Shell Thai Shell Exploration and Production Co., Ltd.Unocal Unocal Thailand, Ltd.HSE Health Safety and Environment

Printed at Kurusapa Press, Lad Phrao, Wangthonglang, Bangkok, by Mr. Vichai Payackso, 2001.KURUSAPA@SUKSAPAN.OR.TH FAX. (662) 2803680, (662) 2811639