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THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

TYPE OF DEMONSTRATION SCHOOL PERSONNEL IN NAKHON PATHOM

PROVINCE

By

Sukhon Maneerat

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

MASTER OF EDUCATION

Department of Educational Administration

Graduate School

SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY

2011



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52252315 : MAJOR: EDUCATIONAL ADM1NISTRA TION

KEYWORDS : HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT/ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT1YPE

SUKHON MA,"lEERAT HIE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND

ORGANIZATIONAL COM!\f!TMENT TYPE OF DEMONSTRATION SCHOOL PERSONNEL IN

NAKHONPATHOMPROVINCE.niESISADVISORS : ASST.PROF.MAJ.NOPAOOL CHENAKSARA,

RTAR. Ph.D., AND MATT ANA W ANGTI-!ANOMSAK, Ph.D. 122 pp.

This research aimed to investigate 1) the human resource management in the

demonstration schools in Nakhon Pathom province, 2) the organizational commitment type of the

demonstration school personnel in Nakhon Pathom province, and 3) the relationship between

human resource management and organizational commitment type of demonstration school

personnel in Nakhon Pathom province. This study was a descriptive research. The respondents

were administrators, teJchcrs and supporting staff in demonstration schools in Nakhon Pathom

province, 79 respondents in total. The research instrument was a questionnaire concerning human

resource management according to the concept of Bernadine and organizational commitment type

according to the concept of Colqcitt, Lepine and Wesson. Statistics used in this research ";.:..:re

frequency, percent, a~·ithmetic mean, stands.rd deviation, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient.

The research findin~s were as follows:

1 The human resource management in the demor.stration schools in Nakh0n Pathom

province, overall and each aspect, was found at the high level, ranking from the highest mean to

the lowest mean as fullow : recruiting, organizmg, trair.ing and development, performanct>

appraising, and rewards and benefits, respectively.

2. The organizational commitment type of the demonstratior.. school personnel in

Nakhon Pathom pcoviucc, overall and each aspect, was found at the high level, ranking from the

highest mean to the lowest mean as follow : affective commitment, normative commitment, and

continuance commitment respectively.

3. The relationship between the human resource management and the organizational

commitment Lype of the demonstration school personnel in Nakhon Pathom province was found

at .01 level of statistical significance.

Department of Educational Administration, Graduate Schoo!, Silpakom University, Academic Year 2011

Student's Signature A hAu "'-<.<. YA !-_. Thesis Advisors' Signature!. z~' 2. t\'"\·c"i~VV\0



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no.u'6m'lll llll'l 'l'li'VlOln'l IJ'Ij'IJO'II6~ l HI~ O'W 'fflii f1 1 'W ~~l11f1'W f1'l U! ll~l'Wf1111J ~ 4df -·~ f::!O'I'l'W '1'111l'W u'l'l'fflll'W ........................................................................................... . 87

tiTff'u U 'l ~ ff'l'llf 'ffll ffllli'W £'II 6~ m 'l 1J llll 'l '1'1 i' 'l'l1Jl m lJ 'lj 'IJ 0 0 1J f1111J f::!O "\i 'W W 6

• ' ' 4 Q , ~ ~ _,

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• ' ,. !I'

1jfl!llmt1'luni' 'I'I!JlflUI'IjU6li um1U1hfi \)Ja01~ii~~af1111Jth~ ~'lla~a~fi' m~ l'i~il !'1'1~1~

m~~a~ri'mm-d~ '1 ~~unqii~tl'l1li1J1o~~ri1t~mfu~::!Xa~m~trl.Jfl<~lm~uuuml'IJ~ (competency)~ mu1~ffunu1uol'imf 'liunfi~ ttn~tl'l1li1J11J'IIa~a~fi'm~ miniia 1jfln1m~:::!i\'a~um1u{ l'inu:::

• • fi111Jfflll1~ 11 un:::rJ wn nuw:::~ 1~']fi ~ 111'1 'IJ~ anmJ{J 1J'R ~1'1J'Uafl~ 1mi um\' 10~\1\' au fi11U~ 111ii a~ 11J 1 ~

• • un:::n mut1'luliumh~ii1h:::ifni m'l'l ii~U' u mn~:::tm outliounuil ~~ otiu'l 'II<Hm~i.'htii m1u 5 u

'!~uri i~u 1flq~u tfl~a~~m m~fln1fl un:::m>~flnnu~1 ni''l'ltl1fl1UljU6iiail~~mhfl'llJ~ff1fl'lJ .d I ..... ""> I 4 ,f I ~ ..... jl .A .t'J Q,l Ia

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""'- D .... l'j/"'> 'j/"">. 'l'" 1"""- ... ..,.,.~, = un:::um11Jff1flllJflar;Jmm; t'l't11:::fJU1li11'1Jflfl'U ufla~m; lllJfi111JHfl'l'lnl.Uflfi'II'U um>mlll1~1'1J

m1u{~finm~1nmmlll11ni' 'I'I!Jlfl11J'Ij u6~:::·1ho M ff1lll~lllllim~ v~.,'J aHfl'l'l!llfl~~mi n 'l~ 'I! n

a~fi'm;!i\'a~1M'm11J\Ylfl\)J~ani''l'la1m1jflfln tmu1llnni''l'lmmu'lju6t;r~nnqnli' (strategic hmnan

resource management) 'I'IU m1ut1'l 'Uff1'1J!flfl'lJ 1um~m~q fi111Jlht~ ~ 1ummf 1~ 1amu1unmt'li ~'liu

tflvm; Hnnqnli' m1Ulll11ni' '1'1Vlfl11J'Ij u6~ ~li1J1VO ~m11~au 1m;:::ll'h~m~u1m~ni' 'I'IIJ1fl11J'IjU6

0 U!iJ1lllJ1Vfl<IQ nJi' !~ am;uf UU~ ~ff1Jn ll'U~'IIa~lj ~ fi ~un:::'li l'li'Ulliii'Uli11Ua~fl flU ~~'li 11 'If tfi fl 'Ulflf111lllll anmu~ V'U!!Un~ 1mi'] ~ U!!UU'IIa~f1111H!!H'Uf111'111J1V.i 1 un:::fi ~f111lJ~ 1'U'fli' '1'1Vlf11

llljU6 t1'!unmf~ 1~~ ~::'li1lM'a~ri'm;u1lJUilU>~ffUfi111J!h~ ~flllltl'lmma .i~J u trta1jflnlm 1u

0 Q.f I ..... ..... t/-=>, ,/ d jl jl t/

fi11Uff1fl\)Jflaf111'1'11'l!'U1Til'l'ltl1f111J'IjUO!'Il'~fl<lQT11i (strategic HRD) TI!'IJ'Uf111ff1H'IJ'Ull'ljUV

(human capital building)

''Jli'V uiJni'lm, m;unm m>fiflt~an un::nnu;::tiJuHnm;uij1iR~1'U'IIa~ ..,..,.,!,; 0 .... ..,..,., """" .....

1jfl<l1fl1, 'I'IIJ'I'IfiHTI 3 (fl~~!TI'I'I'-1: ff1'Ufl'l'llJ'I'U!li~~Wlfl~f11\li1Jli11Titll<IV, 2552), 7.



2

iri11l1~tHffm~ou:: (competency) 'Ull~1Jfl<l1fl1 L'W11tho~1'Wl!ll::fln ~Rfll~tn11J{ (knowledge

management) I~ llfff1~fi111J i ~~ m OlJ 1 'Ufln ll~~'li'WIJlflfll1~ ~:: 1-w''W on ~1J~fi'W 1 M'mm::aim1'W

U<l:: fl<IO'I'Ili' 'I){)~ {l~ftfll~ ll1J1J~Ijj'W UVUVNI~IJ 'l • • ~~t'hmi11'UU~llfllln<l'W.ln<l:: uu{~u (Kaplan and Norton) ~11 "lUfllff~m\'~j~!fl11'l1J

-~~~ ' 1 .1 '~ ;~ -' ~ ' ~ ' iv~ fll~U!J1RU~flfll~ R') 'U'WUgfl1Jfll~1'1flll11l<l::u~::W'W111Jfl<llfln::1J1Jil<l::1iii'Wm~IJ'UU~U~flflU RnJ ' . '

m~IRlOIJf1111J'I'IfvlJ~il~m1R l'VIuH1uom111U'Wil<l~'I1Ji''UU~1Jj'l1''112 ~~iru1ui1V~'UU~ om<~lOIJ ' '

, " ..., ,., &~4 ocv '""1 m11J'I'I~ UIJ'I'Il~R1'W1J fl<l1m ~ ::1J1Jl!<l::1iii'W1inlJ'UU~u~fl m~ ~~Ill 'WI~ u~ff1fl tymn~o~ Rmu m:: •

1Jfl<~1m ~ mllu'l'li' '1'1o1m ~ iitn11Jtr1ft'tyn l!R'Uu~u~ti' on HYiiull ~~uum'l'lll11u~ti' m~ 11i i~

lifvii1'W10 1M' U1'11i' Vitllfl11Jflfllll11n1J 'WIJ1 i~'Wj1'W::~Ijj'W "lJ'WIJ'IjllO" (human capital) UV1~1~1J~3

~~~ fflltlff ui1m~ i~on11H-i1 ''fi'W" ljj'W'I'Ii'Vio1m~iim11Jff1fttylJ1fl~l!<~ 1dumoflu

~~IJi~ nll::~IJmiurmllfiu~~1u IORfl11lJI;;fll'liu.iuu~ti'm~ m~~~::'lh1M'1JflfllliORm1lJI~IJi~~IJI'I1

1 o<O:I cv I t/ o<:t 'JI..:!;I ~ I d o' _d )/ m~mo m~ 'il 1Jf1111JI;;fll'I'I'WRUU~flf11~1Jm11J'l,fffllll'Wff1'W11'W~'Uu~u~flm~ m~'I11Jfl<llfl1'1'1~VIJnll::

d ,.d ""' . " " ,,! d• .A ~ '11'01 " i v lfllJ 'il'l'l 'il::~m'ffi'Wl!ll::l'jlJl'l'l i11 U~fl m~ R'W u flfl VWUtJflflll'W u 1r1 mm~<~Vllff'WU~'il1@~fl m~ 'WR 1'W

Yi1~ ') fiu U~ft Ill~ ii~~ mfff 1~~ ~~ ~ L 'ilvi 1~ ')I~Uff'WU~fiU1JYi Ufi111J~ U~fll~'UU~ffll1~11Uyj ll::lJ flfllliM'

1\j 'W~ OUIJi' lJ'UU~tJ flflllg 'WI m::!li 00111J~ U~fll~'UU~11Yi ll::fi'W i~ i' lJill~ fi{J1Jff'W m'il::fi 11M' lflflf1111J l;;f on 'W

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on11IRoo~ll 'l'li''l'lmmlJullo~m\ju'l'li'VitJlfl~~rl1ft' w~ffR iummj 111~~Rm~u~ti' on Mii 'I q .. q

• • tJ~::ff'l'lll fll'l'lll<l::ll~::ff'l'lll Hll n ~U U~ft fll111<110') U~ft m~tJ~::ff1J1J'!!111 1ummj 111~~Rfll~'l'li' 'l'ltl1fl1

IJ'Ij 11v t'itm'il1fl'U1i\llt~~!~ illt~uiM' m~Vi mu 1\j'W illmh~illl~::ii'l'lli !lmnll::m~!J 1'111q ll~:::ff~fi~.f ~ H'

HYim~!~i'ilfi'Wiuu~ti'milihh~m~1o 'U1~fi'W~Vi1~1'Wmh~'UiJu'liun~~ 1J1~fi'W~ViN1'WUV1~t~ml'ln ili ' . .

m:::~u~ uf u mm'J'iiu~ ' tli u~11!1~m~Vi 1~l'W'UV~1J flfl<ll11n1ir u ir oii <~1'11m i~ ff'{ll-il tjj'WHlllJ1'il1fl

2 Kaplan, RobertS. and David P. Norton, t1'1~li~iu ff1Um1'WfiW:::m~IJfll~

" 4 """ """ ~ 'U1Hiffll~'l'l<ll~U'W, (fl'{~l'I'I'I'IIJ111'Wfl1 : 'l'l.lU.!1Yh~, 2547), I. 3 o ..., 'J} A t/,.,_ .., ff1'Wm1'UfiW::m~IJfll~'Un1'11fln'l'l!1l~U'W. 'I'I'WIJ'Wlltlfl'Ufll~'l'liii'W1fflJ~~O'W:::fll~

'Ujlln'l'li'Vimm:!JflfH! (fl'{~l'I'I'I'IIJ11l'Wfl1 : ~.m.iivJ~~. 2547), 1.

4 """ .:so'""''"'~~ """ fflltlff 'Wl1fll~, 'l'l!jll!JU~flfll~, 'I'IIJ'I'IfiH'I'I 4 (fl"{~l'I1'1'11Jlll'Wfl1 : m~Wfl'il 1991

~1fi'R, 2544), 10-11.



3

n:m~1~ (Motive) Jum~ m~~~1~t1'1'U'rfl:i~Hlin~uhl'flutm.h~nvuii~m1lJ'II~vm~vh~~>i1~ '1 ~~'l'lli~ • •

~ I ~ y tl o

~~mim~ i:ilJln»~vU'mrii 'UVQnut~Vm1l1~mYmum1wnn~~1'l!flfll'l 1u'llw~u u l'l~i1t'l'l1~'11w~i1

fl'UI11

fl1nuihmum~fl11uthnqj'll!l.:iilqj'l'l1

iluni v~~1numunnw 'IIV~ hn1 uih~uu~iim11Jt~l tyn'11»U' Tm~mfl1 u 1noum: . . .

nn ~ fl>i vilv uwn 11M' v~t1 nn l'l ~ mflf! un~ mn'lf'U 1 u1l1 ~ tnff>i 1~ '1 i1 ~ v~ nn v~1 Vflnn~

t~l tyt~u lfl>inH'ulJlff'U 1 ~ 1ut~ v~m11Jiiu1~ !inti m~tm~u1~trnti Hl'l 1 um11.lfiu~ ~1'U'IIV~v~fl' m1 d .. = , = v .I=~= ' "' 'HilJtl'l'l ~111111 'UI'lf ~1~tltllll'l1 Hl'lf111u1J mHl'U'II!l~tl~flf111 (Organization Perl'onnance) llJ'UHl'llJ1

~1n m1uij u~ ~1u 'llt~~fl u 1 u v~t1 m1 t1 u ~ v~ 1 u v~t1 m1 ~ ~~1'1 u v~t1'u1 ~ n vu~ thi ty~ ~,m~ v~fl' n n 'll n _, "'.J "' "' ,{ "' ,{ I ~,, ,. ~I ... , d , ..,. ..,.

u1~mn fl.:i'l1 WIJJl'l'l'Uti t'II~1'U'U'I1'U nm11111 lflOuflfllln1mmnmfl1'Uf111ml1n~m~~~ . . . minii~nf'l'lmmrluj1'Uiliim1mhtity.ivm1~flf111 »~vilt~oni1 "4 Ms" ir\'uri 'l!flfl<~ (Man)

• • I~'Ulj'U (Money) iflq~u (Material) un::11im1 (Method) lflOfl'l1l'l'l1llmmchiJ~::iie~1uu.in::

. . . v.:~fl'm11umlJlwi1~1nflnn::nfln>i1~nu ~.:~uu~u7m1iliit1nvm'l'l~~~v~u1lJ11tl~flff11nf'l'lmm • ~iiv~'llv.:~v.:~t1'm11u6fln<hu~mlJl::fflJ ir\' t~v 1M'tii>~u1::linlim'l'l u1~linti Hn un::u1:: 1v'lfu . . , . ll ~qflnriv.:~t1nn 1 mmf 'l'lmm ilii m11lthtityilq>~1 unf 'l'l01mn .:~il ti v ''fl'Ull~ V'l1l'l'l1JlmlJ'IflciiJ

(Hwnan Resource )',s

ti~oi'v ff1l\PW nci110~ m11lcY1tity1'UtJWri1'11tl~lJ'Ift~Oi1 "o~u~i1tJWri1'1lt~.:i1lljliO

~::tl'lu~ ~~~u~v.:~ hiir\'tm:: iliff11l11t11-N»limnw 'li't'i1»'U>~fJW rill'liut;i!J1nui>~q~u ir\' u.i ~ • • •

ir\'funnVtllJltli1tl'!'U'I1l'l'lV1f11'11HI1'11llllii~fl)jn~fllllfl111l'l::lnV1~flil ~.:IU'Utl~flmtll~IIH~~~ . ' . .. ~ , ' 6 "!'lftllJ'U 'Uf1Wfl1'11tl~fl'U"

' 'lf1ty<i'o vii um ~ ml M nci11i1 iJ ~~ uum1 u l »n n l'Yl v1m 1lljliOi r\'f um11J

• • uu 1 ~n .:~ ~ 1 n11 'li 1 o~ 1u n1 flf u u<~:: n1t11 vn'lfu 11'1 u i1 n11 u nu ~ 11 v ~t1 n11 ~ ~ v~ i M 1 ~'111ii

I tl 0 I

nf 'l'l m n11J 'lj 11oi1 ii tJ w n1 'l'lu<~:: 111:: lin Ti n1 'l'l ti ~ u u v~ fl' n11 ii fl1:: 11 uno~ ii ~ti ~n ci 11 ~ ~ ii !l i 1

2549), 10.



4

<i111i'u 1<~11HW ~~i'ii'll<l ~~minh m~~RfllHii'vttJltnlJ'IfllVtl'lu~lu~ihmlJ

'lfu'*U'WU<l::~U~IU~tJUUU<l~ l'lfnu~Ull1Rfll:iW~1tJI11R~111iHlJ'lfl~'ll!l~lJtlliVll'luiJ~~v~iion • • •

lfl~ !ltl ~ 111ll<l::i' ufl U I~ !l~~ 1~'1 vg >l<l!JRI1<ll U~:: fl!l'Url 'Ufl1llJ~ U~fll~ 'll!l~lJ'Ijll ifd'l U ~ ~~ lll'll !l'IJI'II>l

tiuli'luoU'uq~~~tJlfl~ !fR ~~'1'11 1 'lfliiRilf!!lll~l'W'I'Ii'vtvlmlJ'IjliVlJlfl~!lR 1 uv~fi' m~' il1u om1~ l~tnllJI-IO,;'u~ uv~fi'on 1i'lui1 ~~v<i1riru~ ~::'1'11 1M' 1{1111lJltJ'II!l~!l~flf11~

• u

m nrl' >~q u ~:: ff ~fi'i ~ 1\1 u~ ~ 111 ~~ ii fl1llJ t;Jfl,;' u ~ v v~ fi' on tJ ~ ~ :ai'l u ~~vu R~ ~:: Q ii rru ~ ~mv

UH, ~~~ vufiu~~ltl l um! 1~ 'II !l~>ltl, M'R ~ !fR Rflil~~iifl1llJL;jfl,ti~!JU~flflm! !JV'I1l!) ,Jiiimv

" .:9 ~ " .d v = " ..,; " "" .... .d.<:!. • " .... , U~flfll:i 'il ~I'll tl11tl 1'1'1 'll!l~ t;j'lll 111 ~ !l~fl fll~ '1'1 ~::'VtiJliJllJff~ H'l'li'ltl fl>l 'I'IR >1 !l!l~fl fll~ ll<l::lff~ lJ>\10

uH~~ 1 'il lum~'l'1mu1~u lM'ulJl'ilo luv~fi'onfl~vdnuv~fi'm~u~Hiitjwtil lm::iimlllt;JO,;'u~v t/ !J.dt 1 ,/ ~'ji.Q I fl Ql

!l~fl fll~ '1'1~\JI'Vt!JU~:: V'lf'W tJ ~!fR~:: !RiflRllfl!l~flfllm<l::m'ljfl<llfn l!l~

m~~um'l'li'l~'l'loi~u~::mrr1-Nvt~::~l'lfUfJ!tY~m~ilolllU'Ii~'lfl~ vt.rr. 2542 1~vvm::~u fl wmvtm~ fffllll 1M'~ ~m>~~ iltl 1 fl oii '111 1 'il'll!l~m~ ~ Rfll~ffflllll~ v,;' I'JJUlfltl ~ 'I'IV 1M' 11'1 UlJU 11v~ . . .

• ffll\J1W'I1~-h~mo 11>~ 1~ ff~Uf!!f!!l tnlll{ ll<l::tJWlinlJ ii~~tJlinlJu<~::imulinlJlum~~m~1>~

fflllmmd~11lnu~~u~.i'u~niimllllf'll (lll>~n 6u'li~vt~::~l'lfUfJ!tY~fll~fffllllliW~'lfl~ vt.i'l. 2542) . . , .

~~~ o<~ ~on ~::oil 'Uifl ii vu tJ wmvtm; il oml M' 11'1 u 1 umlJ tnllJ~ ~11mou u ~ v~mff'vmn:: RlJ'I'I i' vtmm

mmuuff'4tl u<~::tnllJ~1lJli!llllfllJfllhulwl[lJ'lftl ll<l::ff~fllJlum~~Rm~ilolll'll!l~ h~llVU'II!l~

1 d = d d = ~ .. "' " .I=~= ~ ' .. ~ ~~ ~ Otl fflli >I'll ~lJ fl n fl ~1111 fll fflJ Uti I'll U 11 !l~ u fl 'IJ >1 fll:i 'I'IR l'l!l~ 1 U fl W::fl1 I'll ff>ll 11 ~ !lfllll::

'll!l~flw::~H '1 lullm1wmlv '1'11 1M' fl111ll11111-w' 11 u-'1 11111u ~m! l~<lfl-w'vv<~~ ~~1i'lumfllM' •

'IJflmm'lllR'IIif!!u<~::i'hn~ 1 ~ lum~ufiu~~lu 1iiRm11Jf ifo ili t;Jn,;'u~ vv~fi'nn ~ ~~11i'lumh~~~~

~::~ v~ 111uu 1m~ 1 u n1~ i ~~ u~ 1l uu uu'4 t11Jfll11o ~1M' fflll noufi u~ ~1u ~ ~ v~ nii u~ ::iY'I'In mvt • • "' 'I , .ct <V 9 0 " Ql "" d , <!I • .., ..., ..,§ d<!l d

~11::11\Jfl !ti11Ul'l'l'll!l~Rtl ~N !'il'I'INltiR10fl1llll'IJI-IR'lfU'IJII<l::lllllJ ~ lll!lfl<l11!lfl'W011tl~flfl!llJ

7 ~ = ' = ~ ' .1.1 .I • • 'lflfJ!'lfV !lflfflJl'illHJ, mm;m~mvtvlmlJ'WliiJ (lJ.u.u., lJ.u.'l'l., 2547}, flltll.

8 = d = = ~ ' .I .I .I 1l111HW ~'Vt'Vti'lll'l, onmm~mvtmmlJUliiJ (lJ.u.u., lJ.u.'l'l., 2547), 334.



5

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i4'll i 1ll ~ 1, u 1 tll'l~ 'j HI~ till ff1ii wihm n ~'11 <l m11m! 1~!ffi'i tlll Li'lll'!\' a~uiili~ flll'l1tll16~ LllflW:::

fffl111fflfft1{ '11~ tltlW:::fll fflffW{ m~mJi 1 ~~~ l'lll ff1ii W~ 6~UijU~'I11j' 1~tlllJilll0~'11llfl'IJtH61~11 vi ll .... «!! d..,:i!..;,4

1:::t1'1J!jt1lJfffl111 'lf~lJ'I1lll'Y14 t11llfl6

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m1 i ..r t'hu~ fl111uriil ifw~ui~nu!lu , ..,..., ""' 0 "WI" I .,g , , , _I

2. t11ll fl1>1~1'1 fl11!'1ll'lll'IJ'Ylfl11lJ!ll1:::mn 1t1 nflfll> fffllllflllfl11'111'1ltlff1lllll1::: . . . llll1m~uni 'llU'IJ'I1 wh~'1 ihnt1 ~ll !l'lltrilnilunm~ ou m1 uall

3. ~1ll'U1 n11 ii' ~fill i~urim; i'!\'m1u·hui'im1'lui'Y11'11f1ltJ'UllJW1lJ h ~~~tlll~H'1

IN I'll! 'l'l'i fl1 1lJ f\'1\' fi 'IJ 'lflJ 'lfll • • 4. ~1U'Y1:::1.jU11 ~ffl1UilllJllli1llJ i~uri m1 ri~lff1JJul1::: 1'!\'fl11lJ'hui'itJ ill m1~t1

n~m;u nia~1u1uti1fi''IJ~1~'1 W1lJ'IJU'Uii1llJIUI'IlJUl:::!'I'IWi'Ylo

'1d ~"'~ '"i ~ .. ~~~ 61~1lti'IJ6~ 1 ~11 till ff11i Wl'Ull'IJ ll1'1ffl11'1'1l1!16ll llfflll'U ll!Jt1lJfffl111t11lJ'I't1:::11'li'UillllJW . . .

..! • • 1:::1iiou-u'111'11m1'1'1m~ !Jll i llffmUll!Jt1llfffl111 'l't.ff.2547 '~~~ii11humi ~ illmm» ~ul1:::u~~l'i~~~il

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York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990), 27-28.

10 H. John Bernadine , Human Resource Management An Experiential Approach , 5"

ed. (Singapore :McGrawHill, Inc., 2009), 9- II.



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filJl : Daniel Katz and Robert L. Kalm, The Social Psychology of Organization, 2"" ed. (New York:

Joho and Son, 1978), JD-20.

: H. Joho Bernadine , Hwnan Resource Management An Experiential Appoac!J, s• ed.

(Singapore :McGrawHill, 2009),9-11 6.

: Jason AColquitt, Jeffery A.Lepine and Michael J. Wesson, Organizational Behaviors

Improving Petformance and Commitment in the worlq>lace (New York:The McGraw Hill

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(SingapOre :McGraw-Hill, 2009),9-II.

Jason A. Colquitt, Jeffery A. Lepine and Michael J. Wesson, Organizational

Behaviors Improving Performance and Commitment in the workplace (New York : The McGraw

Hill Companies, Inc., 2009), 68-76.



12

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1 Wendell L French, Organization Development (New Jersey: Prentive 1999), 13.

2 ~ Wayne R. Mondy and Robert M. Noe, Human Resource Management, 8 ed. (New

Jersey: Prentive-Hall, 2002), 28.



"""" Yj!JI""' I""' <V r/?f QQGI llJ!JHJl>l'll (Bernadine) l>l!Jli1Jl!J11 flUlJH11HI1VItJ1mlJlj'tltl llJ'Ilfl';~lJ1'1l111H'Uflt11fllJI111

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1111lil'll'll1 n~1uuu::iYnii'lh:: 1o'lfU3

14

tyi! u'Yil mmilun 1~ml n:h 1111ul '11U'Yii' wo1m1J'Ij'tlU tllum::mu 1111~>1ffu huu~

nuuiJu~nu~t~o1.u'u~nu'IJfllnm'I'Jm::~u1umi1m1'1ll~!l 1Mtlluni'wo1m'IJflfll'l~lJU1~ff'YilllllVI fJ~!lR~~::ff~Hl'lff1l~~~mihMmo'llu~u~ti'nu m~mu1111~1~ '1 ~ii'uliunt~tn.u'u~ 1~uri 1111

11~HH'Il'Yii'wmmll'll'tlU nuitfl11~M~1'1l 1111!1'11111 flUftRtliun 111lNfl!lU11Jili1::1111Vll'll'lll flU • • u1::liiuH<~1111uiju~~1u 1111~1milRuunnu u1u~111mu~fmu1:: 1o'lfutiimJ<~ ty'llmwn11~m1u

Ul'l !JRfl tJ 'I'IU fl~ 1'1ll m~m ~~1'1l ii'uli 'll £ 1111 vr I'IJ'Il1!J~fl 1111 R i1!JR \) 'lll111 i ~ !J~ 1'1l'YI i' Vl t:J1m lllj 'tJ U4

tl .,. • • "" .... " .<,Jl .J. y """ Vl::t:JlJIJ 1~flffUII1 fl\'11111 11111J1'1111m'l'lt:J1fl';IJ'Ij'tltl '11lJl!JtH m::U1'1li111'11~1J1'11U

, ~ffl'IU~Ill'l~fll'IIJ'Yin~1l'U'Ill111 t\'11'111 ft>llli!Jfl lll'I::Un ~'!Jflfll'l~ )j i'J \U fflJU~ mm::uu, M uiJu~ ~1'1l . . . , 'll!J~fl 1111 Vlf !JIJ'I'i ~ff'll, ~flUVli'IJ'Illti n ~i' fl'tl1, M fflJl;;flfi uiJu~~1'1l, 'll!J~flflml'lu'IJ 'llfl111Jf

m1llffl!J110 iity'lllll¥ll11ouu::ty'llm'I'I~VI~~ 1u111n'h~1u uu::o~11u 1 u~~l1111lff ~mili 1111~ 'l'h 1M

=, ' ... . . " d "' ..\,, ,. fflJ1'1ffl 'll!J~fll111 'YIVI!J~'I'I'Il~1fli111'YIHl'llR1!Jl'I1VI'YI'I'I'I'Il'llll'l'l lfl'tJO\U!JlO '111!Jl'I1VI!J'Il R 'll~1'1l '11 't • " q

ff11J11 o~ 11 ~1iiY~u~1 u ii' ~r~umh~)j m11Jty'll5

ii'o !oty1nw~uR1 mlnh 1111Ul'I111'Yii''l'lo1mutj'tlrJl1'1mi'tfio~nu 'l'l::omJ 1~rlu11

Ill lRO'I1lJliJ~~ m~U1'1li111~~1Jll1111~fiuu~lll'l~fll'IIJ'Yin~1l1J'Ill111ff11'111 ft>ltliun lll'I~Un~ • •

\! flfll'lfi )j i'JIU fflJU~ m lJ 1::fflJ, M uiJ u~ ~1'1l, 'll !J~fl 1111 'l'lf !JIJ'I'i ~ff'W, llfln li I'IJ'W 11111 ti 1~ ~i' fl'tl1, M

fflJl;;fl~ uiJ u~ ~1'W, 'W !J~fl 1111!Y11JU m~ll'IJ 'W fl111Jf fl111Jff11JU (I ~~ !JI111~1Jl'YII111 'li Hl'W, M n lJ

u~f11111 ui1::ff1uuo~m1iiR 1uii' ~flu M mh~lJfl111Jty'll6 _,, V ' ""' "" 111 num'!111ml'ltJ1mlllj'tlO '111J100~ m::u1"WY1~mm1 ~'Yilfl01'1l!l~flm1"W

'1Jfltnm'llu~u~fl.,hunu~>lff"W1~~~o1nu'IJflmm 1Rof'hi1~~~ 1111itr~n::1'i'~1u 11111HIIH'W ~~v1nu

3 H. John Bemadin, Human Resource Management An Experiential Approach, 5"' ed.

(Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 2010)

4"' "'" ""Ql " ""'" ty'W'W'Yil ll'I1'11'W'W'YI'W, 11111J1'1111ml'lmmuij'tliJ (fl~~l'YI'I'I"': li'W::I111'1'1ll'I'IJ 2546), 5.

2542),5.



15

1~V1t'iu m~1Hn~u m~li'>~i unuuutmmi'rm rmlifi'I111JfltHI!-ih'llmu flmil~~5rnn m~u~m~

mmnufillii~1'1J fll~NflUU'l:U!!<J:;m~'l1ii!'ll1 flU~1otil111UU!!'I1'1J ~1~imm:;ff'11nu~:; 1v'lfu tl'lltnvt

n<J:;fi111JU<1Uflil o vtir fl~1'1l!m:;m ~~1'1Jff:U"'Iln niJ iuii ~m~ !!<1'1~'11111i m~~'111l"" <l'IJ1:Jiflt'IJ

... d:v, 0 , ~ .:!! dt.ttGJ 9" U~fl fll~ '11\11 U~'Yt 'IJ~1flfll~'I11~1'1Jfi10!'11"J 'I'J'Yt<llll'Yt !fl'IJ OW UlQ '11 ~ U!'I1"J U 'IJ !fl ! 'IJ~1'1J ! '11 <1'11J1Hl

.i11 ~;1 111 u~ i u ff' ~ fi:Uuth~iJ m11J '<I'll

ocv ""- cv 4 fi111Jil'1 fl t!J'UfH fll1ll1 '1'111 'fll'I'UJ 1 fl'l1J'i;j'IJ!J

fl1 ~ u ~ '111 ~ '11 f 'Yt (J 1 fl ~ :u '1;1 'IJ 0! nu fl ~:; u 1 'IJ fl1 ~ ~ iJ fl11 :uri 1ft ty ~ u u ~ fl fl1 ~! 'Yt ~ 1:; '111 fl

~u'fm~ 1~11 ~~~o1tlU!!'IJ1flfln<l:;mm1fl iu mm'fm~ 'l'lfvtmm IJ'I;j'IJO fl1~u'f m~ u~ti'm1 ~~:; "' _>f ~ .,; d .,; .; ~ ' ~ .:,~~ , ~ .% ~ , ' !U'IJfll1UU~fl'IJ!'YtU~:;'11<lfl!<lO~<l'~fi~\11U !U'IJ IJ 1'11!flfi'II'IJ !fl!!fl

, ""' , 0

I. fll~~Hfi'IJ~fi!'IJ11Jl'I1H1'1J

2. fll~<llUUfl'IJU~vtUm1'1J

3. vtir fl~ 1'1J ili'I11~1'1J!~IJ1111:ut1flotnvt

4. i-;11<11 i 'IJflUoHflilliJ'IJ1'1J!fl'IJ, U

5. fll~ fifl~fi111JtlU'YtU fl~1'1J tl'IJ!lj U~IJ 1 ~ 1flfll~ U fillii'IIU~~u'fm~

6. m~fiiltym i 'Ill~ U~'Yt~:; ~ 1'1fUtytY~~:Ufl~ U~!!H~1'1J

7. m~l""vtirfl~1ufi>~·hi~fui~ut~uu~ilitnunniJ n<J:;,lirvhd1o1Jnuu~fl'flngu '1

s. '111flrm1lflum1J~'I11 i ""u~:; ff'11iltnvt'IIU~'I11.honu~mm~

9. .ru~VUIJfu i 'IJ flU Nfl~'IJ'YtU fl~1'1J 1 flO ,u!n'IJ li n:u •

vt:;vu:u 1~ff<l'l~ n"l mini1 flnu'f m~ 'llf vto1m:U'I;j 'IJ~ ~ riu i ""!flflfi111Jft1Ht!Jft ~ii

I) 'li1o"mu1 i » u~ti'mm~ty!~ u 1 111!li'Ytl:;flnu~ '111~'115vtv1miJ1;j'IJO t'li'll ~Ufl<lH i 'llflU

U ~:; <1'1'1J ~ 1'1J tl U !l~'IJ fl~ H '1 ! ~ U!! <1'1~ '111lli fl1~ i "", ;( 1J fl fl <1 ~ iJ fJ W <l'IJU~! '111J 1:; <l'IJ!~ 1:1.1 1fi H 1'1J

u~HflU td uu~fi"m~ M 'IJflfl<l ~iifJ w <l'IJu~li~ min tiuiJVi 1l ""u~fl' flnt ~'f ty!~ u 1 111!m:;'l1 m'lll~~;f 'IJ 2) 'li1o 1 ""'IJflfl<l~Ufi u~~1'1J i 'IJU~fl flU fi'llityrhli~ i ~ i 'IJflUUfiu~~1'1J !flflfi111J ~~f flilfl~~ u

U~flflU ~111'1JUUU~ ~1'1J 3) 'li1m<l''f IJ<l'f Hfi111J~'IJfl~!!rlff ~fi:U!!<l:;U~:;!'11ff'lf1~ Q' 1flllU'f'l1 U



16

11ll::~tliju~~1uv11lM'mnrn1 ~fiu 1 tJmhm1ui1m11J'!'II m11JI.,rllll~.im1u'

rr~ tl1~il fi11mhtl'ty'116~m;u~mn1i'vtulmiJ'IfiJO fitl fi111Jll'11J1Hl lunn

1i m'hu 1u l M' tl~ft rmm; ll n'l ll!IJ 1u lu t1111JIIl~ tyl~ u 1 t1'116~6~ft m; 1 t1u'li l'illl lffnunlvt'lltl~'ljfiflll l M'i1'111tyllll:: fi lll~ lll vnr m llJ ti 61Jinflll HU lJ tllll, I), lJ fll'j ~ IJ::Iviutl; ::i1'11Ti fll'Vtfll'lvl Hl\JIIll::i1

nffllfi~~ ~, lJ nl'lvl HllJ jj fi111Ji' fl{)~ft fll'l lntlfi111J !'l'l:U' fi ti ~ ~ 1!:: 11'1 \J ~\J jjl\J, \J fll'l rrr l~t1111J J!ufi~llriff' ~fiiJ ll<t:::tl'l::l'Ylff'111~1 t1mhm1u

' ,~,.,s v.d ""'~ "" lfl ll'lll6 'l (Dessler) t1 flll11\l ~ lllJ 1'11 'II 6~ n1 'l U 'l lll'l '11 'l 'Vt Ul m IJ'IfiJ U ll:: 916 ~

lihrwunn 5 tl;::nn ti69

I. fll'l11~11N\J (Planning) fi6 fll'lnllllltllillliiJliJII<t::lJltl'ljpU (Establish Goal and

Standard) : nn'lil'illllfl~n~mlm::m'lihn1unn (Developing Rules and Procedures) : m'l'lil'illll

IINll~lllll<t::fll'ltllflnl'lW (Developing Plan and Forcasting) 1t1Ufll'l'VtUlfllWll16m'l~tlvll

1fiHfll'll~6 1Mint1N<t 1ll6lllfitl

Ql 4 0 .<::!. 'jl

2. fll'llltl~lll (Organizing) fi6 fll'lfllli\Jtl'llU<t::mutl'\16~~1\J fll'lll''lNIINllfl

fillllltl ihu 11111 U' 1~ 'li6~'11H 1 u nnu~tl'uuty'lllll<t::: m; ~tlll'l'l nn tl; ::rr1u ~1\J;:: 11 i1~n~mi6u ..., Yo 4 ...,4 .d •V

3. fll'llltlfilJI'\11'111~1\J (Staffing) fi6 fll'lfitll<t6fl'ljfifi<t'l1fl1'lll::111lH fll'lll''l'l

111~n~1~ 1t1Vfm tlfllii6n m; fi111 u t11J 1m jl\J fJW rruu~'\16~vtumlll m; ~1Vfht16UII'Ylll

II rivtu IHllJ fll'j U'l:: Iilli Nllfll'l tl ii u~ ~ 1\J n l'lHfl6U'l IJ II <t::: n n'lil'illl ll'tU m 1\J

4. m;Hnn::~'lll (Leadership) fi6 m;i'n~~II\J::U11Mflllvll~l\J rm1M''IJ1ty

fi1!1~11J m'llMIIH~~liJ

5. fll'lfi1UfJIJ (Controlling) fi6 fll'lfilllllt11Jltl'ljf1\Jlllfll'lvll~l\J IJHI'l:iJlll

~lllfJWfll'Vt ll16'l::AU'\16~fll'l m::vl1 fll'ltl'l 11! !'1'6UNll'\16HllJIU~ uurnuunUIJll'l'l]l\J fll'l

11i\'1'11~lllt111J~hllu

8 .. .... ""' .... tl ""' Ql

vt:: vmJ 1 ~ ffrr n ff'l , m; m m; mrt Ill m u 1l 1m ( n ~ ~ l'Yll't''l : fl w:: 1'11 111m; I! t1 m;

rrmuml'llii'~rr1U'Jfft1, 2540), s.

9Gary, Dessler, Human Resource Management, 6"' ed. (Gingapore:Prentice Hall

lntemation, Inc., 1994), 2.



17

1. m~~~~tlU1J1Jtl~rlfll1 (Organizational Design) fimm~~naiivm1tJfi1Vhl

t~~firm 1~vii'ifuj1tl~lJflfltJiiri1u-i1u rm 1~mfl1u icivu<~:::~1u~~:::~t~~tliJuR mv1~1l11JVI'Iltl~ 1m fl ~lil1lllJ1V'IJtl~tl~rll11~ U<l:::UHUQ V11il'l'1ffflf 'IJtl~tl~rl fm ~ ~iJn ~m~IJ~lhflty i~ufi 111~11~l!Htl ~ " = " ~ 1 v < v d .I "1 v mvtmmlJ'4liV 111~1lfl~1:::l1~1u 111~~~ m~rr~1~t1~fll11~ 111~tltlflll1J1J 111~rrn~V11J rmlJ~:::qnfl 'II

flt~ufi1lflt~f fl<~tJ~~u1rr~t~tlmw1unm1mu ~1u~~l11~<~~'1ltJ1~'1ltJ~{Nrll1111~vfi~11WThm~n~ .. 1~~ t~~finmihrh ili-.hrity~ ilimn'h ii 1111 ~ m1U1Jflfl<~mvut~nt~~fi rm 1tllmn ~~ ili ihri tyiinn

tlfmh~ 1m~rr~1~tl~rll11~

0 'JI " ..;. 'JI 0 , y,d, 1 v ~1tl1tlfi11Jfi111Jfltl~I111'1Jtl~tl~fll111l'Vttl1J11~1Jflfl<ll'IJ1VIl~1tl tllltJ1VIfiH '] fi11J f1Hft11~'1Jtl~

' ' tl~rll111 n~m11J~ihrity Muri 111lll'nl111Jflfl<l 111~1li'm11Jll'ltJ1inlJ1UtJWftlJUR'IJtl~~rr:Um~1tJ . .

.. 0 ' 1 v ' ~ 1" I Q..O .::i'JI jl 4 111~l<ltl'Ufl1lllltl~ ll<l:::fln VflV1V 111~'111V~~l11~1tl llllfl'Vttl m1tJVI'Vttlftfll'Vti111~H 1111l<ltlflftll

3. 111m1m1H<lflm.liJuR~1tJ (Perfonnance Management and Appraisal) fit~ 111~1J1l11~

H€11111 tl iJ uR ~1u 'll!Nvtil' m 1u 11'1 u ~ 1 VlJ flfl<l llHtJ n l1'1 a~:: .i 1JIJ1fl~ j 1u 'lltl~l11~ tl iJ uR ~1tJ'Ila~a~fi 1111

111m1m1nntli;]uR~1u 1'11'11'lu itlfi11JifiQtl~:::rr~film:::qVJ1ifflffflf 111~tlmiiuH<~nntliJ'IlR~1l.l 1flv

i~~H<IHiifl fi'JllJ'W~'Vttl 1~'1ltl~<lflft'1 nntl~:::WtJH<lllllll 360 t!~ffl • 4. 111~Hflt!1JUJlm:::nilltll (Employee Training and Organizational Development) fia 1111

1l1m~ 1~am~TI' illtJ1tll~'Vt nwlhvmii mm:::111~ 1 '11' fi1uu:::ll 1urivtil' m1u 111~ ii n wti l'l'tJfiR'IJa~ Jl • • •

vtil' m1u nn tl nam u fl<~afln~ 111~ tl nt~muli ~ ~li ~:::<~~t~fiR ~ 1111111 fi 1J flfl<~ii m1u11fln~ 1~ri' u

5. ~1~1mm:::ifVJiil.h::: 1V'JIU (Reward Systems, Benefits, and Compliance) fit~ 1tl111J1J

lm:::11inn 1unn Mmimm:::rrirr~111~ ~tl~rll111ft11J1Hl Murivtil'fl~1tJ i~ ri1fltl1JUVItJ~~ 1f1Vfl1 ~ 1m:: 1~vV'au 111~i~f1lri1fltl1JUVItJtllh~mu1:::ftiJ nnfnli1'VtV11J1<1 111~ii1umlrlaflum~lm:::l~!l

Q..O ..... I "'> 0 Q.l Q,l t/ I 'JI Q.l 'JI m!l1Jm1 111~<11'VtflH!ltJ l~tl1J1tl1t)J fi111JftlJ'VttJ1i~:::l111~tJ1V~1~fl1Jl;Jfl~H fltjl11Jll'll!H~1tl 11<1::: . . . 111~ 'lliJ U'Rmu.U u •mu 1n vf flll1 m1uff'uTI' u £ l1 ~ 1:::ll·h~u1o.o' 1~ri' lllJ n.o' 1~

10 H. John Bernadine, Human Resource Management An Experiential Approach,5,.

ed. (Singapore:McGraw-Hill.Inc., 2009),9-10.



18

• wg)!'ll'u£ t'll~lumnl' 1~mi11o~ fi~mliJ'II!l~mmjml'l1i''V'ItnmiJ'IfM6 ll'ltl1~~~ii"

ov ~ '}31 ..., a ~l'IJ'Ill'V'IVlfniJ'Ijl!V l!Vfi!l!lfi ~~ 2 l:;~'U fl!l

1. Mu l~t~v1n'U!l~n ml tl'lu~lu~ ~~~~1~ !l~nm :;uunn~ 11il u~1utf ~tHnnn~~ l~V1~!l~n'U I) nm1l'I'I'IJ~'IJ 1vmv 2) ml1M'~lU'IJ:;ihutimhv~lu.il~ '1 1u!l~Hnn t'liu nnll'n

m nnfifltii!ln flll'Un~ miNn!lmiJ nntll:;tiJ'IJH<l HMI!l'Ull'll'IJ ll'1!Yi'im:; ue~:;uH~l'IJ '

.4Gf31 o' .<:t ..J fl!lt '1'1 !l~fl fll:iiJ'IJfl<llm '11l'I'IIJ1:;!YIJ

2. Mul~l~tnnu!l'IJl;n'll!l~tHnnn '!~uti I) ml1l~llH'IJ'I1i'mnmiJlj1!6 2) m:;

~H~l'IJ 3) m:;;i~m:i~l'IJiihumJ~ 4) flllNn!lmiJtm:;'ll'mul 5) nnuj'l'll:iflHI!l'Ull'I1'1Jlm:;

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'111wtm:;ihl:i~htm:;Hn-n'unu!l~nm:; 7) miivu1uv 8) uH~l'IJUIJ-n'u£ 9) fi~nn!Jgu t'liu u •

, ~· tl .. nn 'l'lfll m111

3. m:;Nn!lmiJtm:;nn-n'm'IJl

4. fmtl:;:;tiJuHe~m:;tliju~~l'IJ

5. nmtl~vuutle~~~lll'I'IU~

6. m:;1M'He~R!l'Ull'I1'1J

7. m:; iM'tl:;:; lV'lfUR!l'UU'I1'1Jl!Cl:;ujnn

8. l!'llfll"I"Hm:;ml!Jtle~!l~ilv

~ ~ ' 10. ll:i Hl'IJ ll'IJ'V'I'IJ 1i

II cv "" <I <V o' "" .., .t ~ d ,!. WQ!'V'I'IJli l'll~:i'IJ'IJ'I1'1J, m:;~~nnm'V'IvlmiJ~lw (nl~l'll'V'I"' : 'lll!l~~~fl'lf'IJ,

2545), 18-23.

12 "l ""' ..., .., "' .d l'lfl1 t:i~'IJllll' ~. l!lfill'llfll:ill'!l'IJ"!~1'lflfll:i ~~fll:i'l1:i'V'IVlnliJ'!41!V 'I'I'IJ1V'I1 1-7

('IJ'IJ'I1'1J'l, IJ'I'Il1'11vltivq1 'llnmmmii>l'lf, 2552), 19.



19

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m~~RlUIIUU1111U~'I11~tHtl01~

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-i1ui'ivlunwri 1~1\Jl~ulM uml Hnthl~ llW1Ulil1'111J1V13

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_, ""' .<::>. 1 0 "''JI _it <V 'JI <I I d 'JI <V d <V J u~::ft'l11ifll'YI t1Jf1l'l'I11~11J t'I1U1~l)lUl'IIIJ1V f1l~ll~ lfl~~ft~1~!l~flf11~11lf1V'l'll!l~f1U 4V~::lfi1Jfi~IJ

1. lni1v~1u (units) luv~fl'nnfl'l~ll::ii~llnnllw::vci1~ in • 2 fl~ll::~'l!Jmi'lm1\J (units) l~1oU1 H.1'100uu11::fl~ll::lltJfl'lllhm1\J l~utm1nnnutl'~?

3. mhv~1u.iN']luv~fl'm~mn::u'II\J1R (size) u11::lll-i1~ (shape) vci1~i~?

4. ll::Ulf1W'Ii'lum~11~<'humi~ll11::fi1'11\JRfi111JffiJWIJn (placement and relationship)

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13 ili . Gary Dessler , Human Resource Management.7 ed. (New Jersey : Pren!Jce-HaJl

Inc, 1997) 212.

14 <V A .ct o' <V o' cv <I I d ~

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tz



25

• ~ 19 ~l'U'U'U '1

u "' m::U1'Unl'UIA!II01l

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u '

.... 4 'JI .... " .<:t • Gt,... .<:t !J/di 4 .... 4 ?t fiAill!lfl Ull::ljll'llfl11'1ll~lll'tll1lll fll !'ll~ltl Ull::lll'1Jfi111Jlll'fl I'U ll~~lflfl11fiA!llllfl'ljfllllfl11U'U

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f!!llll'll1i'~~ u~ti' m19i' mm1 luu.i n::~l'U ~~ u 1 ~~tlu11lifll!l'U lunwri ~nw lfi111JI'I1:1Jl::ll'u 1 'U~'UI'Ill'U .iuitl

• " 'J1 0 • G( "" .<:t.cl .<:t"' .., V 1 I <9. .<:t 'JI o G) V V<:t. 'jl .clllj !1Jll'1Jfi1'1'1Afi111Jllflll!ll::ll''U !'Ill ~~10 f'l1ll1Jfl(jlli'Ullllll'llllll~fll1 llll::'l'll !!1f;!IJ!1'Ull'l !'U

"' .<!I Q Ql I 'JI Ql i 'j} <V ! Ql .4 _dod. m1 flllllllllflll'llll1 ouu~m um"Wun::n flllw::lf'l u 'llll~l;! !I'll fl1 t1 t1 ~u u m ::mu n11 t1 Alllllfl'IJ fllllm'l'lu

OQ.IoC>..I o' ""> Ql

Ufllllm (fll~ll'l"W"l : ll'l'Ufl"Wll"W~I'l'lll~mwum1nolno, 2552), 149.

20 ............... " .... .... " .<:td .:.. !llijl!'W'Uii 1'11~1'\J'Ul'l'U, fl11~f'lfl11l'11'WOlfl11J'Ulltl (fl~~ll'l'W'1 : '1116\ll~lfi'II'U,

2545), 98-102.



26

~no~mn . . . 4. mnro'llfi ouii oo 11'1 u'li u ~!J\Jlh1mtm~ti' rm 1 ~mil vn:::11 'l.i 1tmull ii 'II u 1~ nm~ 11 n:::'II'IJ 1~

111'1)1 ~ m1mhfi iJ!lllfl 1d o~~1niim1lJI~!l·:hmnY!l'll~ ~~1 'UfllnHIIH\J!lth~~ ii tn1lJI.]fl~ !l~lln:::

~~oo !J ~ ~ ~:::mm; 011 'fffl~o ~fl11lJffm1 u£ 1:::111 1~'ll flfl nil m1u ~no~ ~\J 'ff1lJ11 o ~ 111\J nfl11lJII~ mi 1~ •

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Vim w11 1~u:JJ fl'Ifl\J 1 flii fl11lJI11lJ1::: 'fflJil 'U9i11111U ~~1\J~ ll ~ 6. m1 'ff!l'lltl1:::iR 11'1 unn ~1 1~ 'ff!l'llfl11lJO n~ !l~lln:::fl111lll'l \J ~j ~~~ tnti 'll~ u:JJ fl'I 1 flV • •

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nmu tl1:::iRm'lfiJ!1m11l ~no~~'Wn1m;~n~ffll'll~1numi~,rll1Jll~l~!loo ~~ •

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• • 1Vill~11~'ff!J'llfl11lJ111lJl:::mnioum;il~iiu 1~'1iuu~.;l1v • • • •

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nll!l~flnmt~ !J ~li 1flvfl ~11\ll1,r!llJ<l~ ,~~1fl~'IJ~!l'IJ.i1~'l 'II!J~m:::'U1\Jfl11ft~lii !Jfl'ljfllllm 1fltl!l1~ M fl11lJff1ftiJ!ii'1lu ~~v 1um1ft'~1ii un 1'liu 'ljfllinm'Yl m1fimnun:::fll'iNnom11 ffR UiJ!iJ!1 '11 n11:::

. . m~m1 m'Yl fl111IOU ~ 'll;:::ffllnmu 11~ llfllll 'fflJUR 6 \J~1lJII.i l1 n11w::: ~1\JtlflR m1 fi ~~ii un'li u ll ~.;) 1v

JJ n~::: M li 1u1~m1 il ~iiu 1 ~uri 11'111-u' 1~1u i ~~1 ~ 1 do~ ~1n11'111U' 1~1u ~:::11'1 u11 flfln~ mi 1 u 9l11m'li ~~ • • Q; ...,..,. I O""' I .d Q I

lJ fi11m 'UH~'II!J1J~ !JHllfl11 fl11\J 'IJ~1'1J'II!J~11'1J 1m1'1JI l<l:::'lj fllllfl'j '111'1111J'I 1111 ~1\J !l~

<11 Vo 4: .... .,.1.., i/o .! o ..., 'JI• 9. mn1J!'II 1'11 H1\J Ill !l~ ~ff\J ~1 1111 flmml'll 1'111~1\J !l~fl m1 ~:::mm1~ flll fl<l1ml'll 1'ff • • •

911!111'1i~.i1~'l ~111fl1111~!l~nn 1~v1u'li1~mnm~~:::ii1:::v:::nmm1'11~<l!J~~1'1J (Probation Period) l~!l •

n 1fl11 ~ n ~ff!l'UII n::: tl miJ 'IJ H<l11'1j flfl<lU 'IJ ff1lm o'll~ UR ~ 1\J, ~ 'ff!lflflt\' !l~ ilul' ~ Q tl'I::: ff ~fl 'II !l~ ~1\J ' 4 1 u<J:::'II!J~!l~flfll'Il'Ylm ~

1 I .d J r/ .c:::to 1 Ql "'>. I d .do .da~ 'jl

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27

d 'i ' ' ... lll11Jfi111Jtl11J1:::ftu 'lmm '1..1'111~~:::1111~ I-6 tlllV'I..I •

tmu;m~Num~tli)mi~1'1..1

m~u~,., n Nl1fmtl i}Uw ~1u~ ~hu ~hf\' tymh~t~ i u om\111 'l..llllll1UfJ IJ!tl1::: ~ !l ft'l ~

l1l vunm IJ\j 'MUi 'I..IV~tlon i M ufivw ~1'1..1 Oll!Jtl'lll11J10'\IV~!Hfl on~ fi 1ll'l..l!l, $1 mi H~ 1.1~ :::if nil Oll'l

i~if tvlv1Mv~tl'on1$1i'u1.l~::: 1o'llu~10fi111J1$1nnout;~l1mt'li~'liu ~:::'UU'IIV~Ill~'U~lll~HI1ill~ufi1iw~1'1..1~:::~11m:::'IJni1'Mtu:::'IIV~ill~ufi1iw~1'1..1~t~o1~V~

1 !lom ~ ii'uv~fl' ill~ 1 !l mhuill ill~ 11 m1:::li' ~ 11..1li 11..1 on 1 01u ~::: tii 1..1111 ~ 1.1 fi vw ~ 11..1 ~::: ~~ 111~ v~ ii' u ill~

11llHI1ill'iufi1iw~1'1..1 (Performance appraisal) i'I..I'IJI1$11'1..1'1 ~~ttlu11lill~!~01~Hiuillm~m'iHI1ill~

ufi vw ~1'1..1 '\IV~'I'IU m1'1..1 Ul1:::ff1'1..1\l!l..r 10 fi Vill~ i M ~ Vl,ji1~V'I..IOn U!!D'I'IU m1'1..1 (performance

feedback) t~v~ ~::: iM'I'I'Iim1'1..1ft1m~o1.li' ul.l1 ~H11o1~1.lfi1iw~1u iMftV!lll~mii'utl'l1liiJ1o 11 n 'U~ 111~ H1101'iU fim~1'1..1! ilu m :::m'l..l ill~~ mli v~ i 'I..! ill~ ui' 'UU1 ~~ 1'1..1 !li1V\ll! 1111

' . ~V~ill'i !1111J!~ )J i ~t!ll:::ill~ Qlll'llll'I..I'\IV~'I'IU 11~1'1..1 1 !l1J! U' un ~::: ui' 'UU~ ~ Hl1 ill~ l.lfivw ~1'1..1 ,~

"" I Q.o> I oCt

'l'l'l..lm1'1..1V01~l1'1..1l11~l1

'i :::'U'U'\1 V~lll ~ 'U ~ l1 1'i Hl1111~ U fi1J'wn'l..l ~:::~Ill~~::: 'lJ n 11'M tu::: 'II V~Ol'i U UVW ~1'1..1 ~ !~01~V~ 1 010\ll ~ ~iJ'UV~fll1l'i 1 OIOFh1..11nill~1tll~ 1:::li'~1'1..1ff1'1..10l'iilllU'i :::tiiu ill~UUVW~1'1..1 ~:::

!~01~V~ii''U111'i1!lHI101'iUUVW~1'1..1 (Performance appraisal) i'I..I'IJO '1 ~1'1..1 ~~ttlu11lom~01~ Hi '1..1111~ 'U~l11'i Hl1111'iufi1iw~1'1..1'\IV~'I'IUm1'1..1 Ul1:::ff11..1\l!ln10 flVOl'i i M~VI.JI1~V'I..I onuuti

'I'IU 11~11..1 (performance feedback) tvlv~~::: i M'I'IU 11~1'1..1ft11Jl'i oui'uu~ ~HI111nufi1iw~1'1..1 1M ftV\lltl ~ V ~ iJ 'U! 1'11l!IJ1 0'\1 V~V~fl Ol'i H11'\IV~~VI.J 11~V '1..1 on U 1 '1..1111~ U fi1J'w~ 1'1..1 ~:::I,] mJ1, U !~V lJ 1o~

1 J) ii'u ~::: uu o 1 ~1M 'i 1 ~ 1'11\ll vu u n 1..1 Hl1111'i 1.1 fi vw ~ 1 1..1 ~.W ~ tl ~ 1 ~ 1.1 1..11 Fh 1..1 ~::: u u on u ~ 111 ~

fl1\llV'U!!l1'1..1

unft9i1v Cascio)" 1$1vilmo11111~'U~lll~HI1111'iUUVW~1'1..1 ttluih~'lil11'111111~

JJo 'I Mt1111Jl!IJ10 i o ~ tti o~ii'u 111~ 1.1 ~ :::ti!u Hl1111~ 1.1 fi 1iw~11..1 ~ ~ 11i1,]11.i'v~ 111~ u ~ lll'i Hl1111~

ufivw~ 1'1..1ttluli1'1..1ll d ~'llv~m:::mu ill~ ~mli v~ 1u 111~ 1.1 i' ul.l~ ~ ~ 11..1 llll1 !l!lt 1111 ~ !l~ on t1111J t~IJ

21 Wayne F.Casio, Managing Human Resources :Productivity. Quality of Work Life,

Profits. 6~ ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill., 2003), 331.



28

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'I'IUml'U 4 flUU1::LiJ'UUil::~tJffUHilfllnh::Lil'Wfll1UflU~~l'W'Utl~'l'lum1'U Uil:: 5 fll11HUH'U

fll1 ~liii'U 11ffmJ 1' mh ~fll1 uiju~~l'U 'II v~wu n~1'W23

wu!~u£ L'U~1uumf 1~mh1ii~ flnu1::LiluHC1rn11.liju~nui1 24 m1

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29 Raymond A.Noe et al.Human Resource Management : Gaining a Competitive

Advantage. 5"' ed. (New York : McGraw-Hill, 2006), 260.

30 H. John Bemadin, Human Resource Management An Experiential Approach. 5"' ed.

(Singapore :McGraw-Hill, 2010), 250.

31 b"d I 1 ., 252-254.



34

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33 _, <f "' <I ""' "' <I GJ I oQ <f :: .d. u1::m1u lJ'Hl11ll1Jftnn, 011mlllH'11'1'lOlm:uul!o : uu1m~ tli:U. 'l'l:U'I'lflHI14

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35

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37 De Cenzo, David and Stephen P. Robbins, Human Resource Management :

Concepts and Practices, (New York: John Wiley & Son, 1994), 260-265,



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• • lll'lU'l:::llJ\!Hlllll'l~l1aU'll.JUll:::'liillU11Jfllllfl'ltn'l<111U\!Ill'll'lll.JoU\!I'la\! ii~ii41

. ' _, ~ . ' _, ~ I. lllll\!l'lllllll"''llll'lu'l::ll.J\!Hll (Evaluation Criteria) tn'llll'll\!l'lllllll"''llll'lu'l:::ll.J\1

~~ui\'uiiuu m i l'ltJoW ~ l'l w 1 ~111il'lt~U'l ::rr ~fi'IJa~ i u; uml.Jm'l ~11llU'll.JUll:::'liillmufllllfl'l • •

2. lll'l VII'! rrv uri au 11l'l! ,r1f unn ~11 a U'll.J (Pretest) 1~\!nl'l il'l'l::ii Ufl11l.Jf '1Ja~~~,r1 Q.l .,9 ~ l'JI 0 IV .., .-!:1 l ' l 0 0 O ,~ 'lUill'laU'll.J 'lf~U1~flH61~ 'liUUUVII'Ill'llUll'1ll'lU!ll'lfll'llllal1fl\! \!tl~flfl'l \!UI'lll::l'l1Ull\!~ I'IUll::

mtii~ 1liiim'lVII'Ill'aurivul_,r1fumiFlt1aml.J m~ l rn nmf' ~llll'lnmu~!Juuull~'Vlq~m 'll.J il'lll l'li' ~ ~ tl ~ -·~ ~~ l ' l . ~ ~ ,., ~ .. ,~ ll1ll\!1~1\! 'l:::ll.J\!Hlllll'lU!JUI'l~1\!fl\! \!a~flll'l \!'l::tJ::I1a\!I'IJ1'lUill'lHI1aU'll.JUll:::~I'IU\!VII1 1

145-146.

41 ....; """ ... IHJ~II'I[J1t1\!, 223-224.



39

4. fllH11'1fftl1Jllll~l'll'li'mn;1JmnmJ (Posttest) 1rlvinHrn11JnvmlJ ll~tlflU . . .. "!i llll W llj f1 Cl 1 f1 1 ffW <! 1'1 Cl ~ ~ f111 n 1 fll 1 l1 ~fftl1J eflfl i' ~ l1 W ~ n lfll 1 U 1::: !lJ W NCl fll 1 U 0 U~ ~ lW llll ~

.,.., .. d ~ ~ dd.% ~ Q d ~"' ~-1 f111Hfltl1JUI 'lf~f11H.If111U11JU(~ 1'1li Wlll~ll~'IIWUCl::f:ll"l'l(j>lm1l.I!!Cl::NClf111!11JW I111W 1 u>lll.l

mw '11m; th ::1iiw NCJ~i'hll w ~ 1 ~~u ff~rh i tl; um :unn 1lnvm mf w tl;::: ffmlelffl!~ 11

5. flll1J1'll'lli)u~~lw (Transfer to the job) fJWfll'lltl~ i'll;um:urn;1Jnvm:u!m::nn

limmlJfl m m 11::: 1~ M vth~i~ 1 11w 111 n m ;~ 111 ;w 1ii ~ N" rn;ll il u~ ~ 1w 'II v ~fl w 1 w tl~ fi'm ~ ~hu .., ~·d ~.% ~d,

f111Hfltl1J;lJUCl11ll.lf111"1'1111JWl'IIWl.llf1WtliJl'VW~ ~

Q d Q ~~~ .,.., 1 6. rn;~~l'lll.INCl (follow-up studies) f111l.lf1110ll'l>lllJNCl~l'lll11Jf111HfltJ1J1l.l W

• ~ ?14-s• 4V• 1::1J::I'ItJl.ll 'lf~tJlll!lJW l1 W ~11'1 tJW>ltJl.lll11tJUCl1U>lf11ll.lllll.ll:: ffl.l

v Q Q.l ~ ' 11UUIIU::il"'flliu1::; !IJVU

ml:ui'1Jti~vv1J'IIV~l1"111o~lw1J~llmlwlli'l'lmmmr~;~o ~q~mrmul~lld~1~uri m;

fill1W~fll0161JU'f1Wf111nl~lW (Compensation) ~~iitnll.llll.ll1Jf];tJ1Jf1lJl.lfhiJN l~Ul~tJW Uti::~~

>ltl1JUl1UgW 'l ~1U!~W!~W -rf~il' !"1'111::"1'1UmlW~l.,j'll.llnl~lWiWtJ~flf111 WtJfllllflll::n~OtJ~lW!~t.l m;i"l'luA'1 lf~~v~m;mmtJ1JUlltJf111nmuiwitl'llv~tilii'Nl!~m~w!~vu !~mll1'lli;{~lo1um;

• • • ~ n ~;}11'1'11 v~ >~ u u n:: m tJ1Jf1 i' 1 mm~ m; ti l>ltJ1Ju lltJii 11::vli 1Jlllm tJ1Jf1" :u'ii' ~ 1 1.11~ tJ~'IItJ~m; •

, .J IIJ v I .... ... _, i ,..a ""' . ~ 0 .... t .... !I lll~tJtJl.l 'If~ !AUfl ff1ff>lf111Ull::NClu1::; IJ'llt.ltJW 'l f111mllnf111'161JUllt.ll.lf11ll.lfflfltyll~f11JHliJ

v~fi'nmm::fllol'lii' n~1w f1CltJ~IltJff ~nmhun:u iumm~ m;v~fi' m;ll::rilu·:hti 1i.j{~1mhu illqj

i wnn~ ll'w u~1u ~fi vti l>~v1Jullum;'lil~ltJ 1 w ~ 'l11mmh~ 'limhul'lii' m1u fJWfll"l'l'lltJ~m; "' . . .

~ 1H;i1>~11::; 111 uth :::m-;1 ~;j wmh11Jti 1ii' 1~ ll~ m~ w1fi vu n:u'ii' ~ rr1 ff~ nmm::Nnll;::; io'llu li >~ u • 1~i'1J 1'lllllfltJ~fl f111

!~ff!Cll;l{ (Dessler) ncinh fll>IV1JUllt.I"I'IUfl~lt.l lll.ll£10~ IU!l1J1J>h~ 'l '111;J~f111~11J • ~ '" ~ .d ~-1 • ~ .0 Q .f ~ d <.1 • ~ .I .I f1111Nmvn~1Cllllll'l"1'1Wfl~lt.l 'lf~!fll'l'llt.llllflf11111l~~lt.l l.I1;J~f1u1::f1V1Jfflf1'!! 2 u;::nn u1::m;

um f111~lo1m'll.t'1!~t.l 1R£JR1~ lw;tl'lll;l~tilii'l~ !~tJ!~vu ~~~~~111 fllfll;ll.llJ'lli'u ue1:: 11Jii'ff ue1:: • • •



40

. . u~:::rm.YhHH m~~1tJ'I11~6vu1ulU'IllHH11U~::: 'iu'llu~1'1Jnm1u fi~1un1lm~~1ori1tiiuum1u:Jl1fi

llr'l'nim1u 11~vrm1M-nnrou"

ffu'll1tJ iH'tynfi~ lM'm1u11u1um~~1uri1fiV1Jtmu·h t1'lmn'l11~~11ufi~~'l'nim1u 'l~i'111unmmmu~uunumn'h~1uu~:::no1J~1u ri1~1~ t1m~ou 'imiu ~~~~111 u11:::

.I 'j .t.A 43 • <v <v tl ..., <I'J!&'!;JV • 1 44 .-9 H<lu~::; tJ'li'IJO'IJ'] 1.'1'1'\J !llQj!'l't'Uli l'll~~'IJ'IJ'I'l'IJ lfi l11f111lJ11lJ10'1l6~ filfi61JU'I1'1J11 11lJ1tJO~

~" _, 'j - = ~ _, . ' ' " = ... = ... _, 'j -fln l11H11u~::; tJ'li'IJ'Ill~lff~11J!fl~ t'UlUUU1Jfi1~ ']l'li'IJ fil~N l~'Ulfill'IJ l~'IJ'llfil'lltJ 11~6H11u~::; tJ'!rl.l

mh~~u~o~fim~1M'un'IJfimm t~m1'lum~fio1Ju'l1unm1mu un~'IJfifi<l'il:::~utfitJn1lri1fi01lU'I'l'IJ , ~ , v I 0 I .... 4 .d e!l I .d ~ 'I 'JJ_ I 0 .d ..... 'I ,.., 'IJ 2 11f111!ll::: fiUfl fi111 l~'Ulfitl'IJ 'H11lJlOm filfi61JU'I'l'IJ'I1l1J'IJ~1tJ tfiu~:::'il1'11'1't'Uf1~1'1J'il::: li'I~1J . . , . . 1mil'l~1fi~nmo 1 u'lh~~:::o:::nmn fi111 u fi 'I fitJ~1u 'I~ ii 'il::: ithuli ouuUMI'l1lJ~ 1u 1wih 'iMYi 1~1u

11~ mff lJ1!ll'llt~~H11Hlil'l'llll~'l'tu nnu thuri 1~ N 11lJ1uii~ fl11'lt~1lu '11'\J~'I'tu n~1u i~r 11 'I i'ltJOll'il1fl

lfl!ll "h :::u:::nm l 'IJ fll~ ufi llii ~1'\J t1'l umi f1 t'li'IJ ri 1 ~ m1u1 'IJ fl1 ~ m 1Ui'1 'im t1'l 'IJ ~ 'IJ ' .

1.'1'~ uM ·h H11U~::: 'iu'liUn'l'tU m1'1J ,~r 1J'il1flfll~Ufiu~~1'1J 1M'n1l6~flfln .,;~ Lul u~h

t1u~~'l~un t1ut~outm:::ri1~N tm:::~'lu1'1i•h1unllli~H<~u~::: 'iu'llu~u '1 'il'lm1ut~vu (salary)

11lJltJO~ ~ 1'1J1'1Jt1u~ 'l'tu m1u '!.)' i' 1Jt1'Junn fi61JU'I1'1Jfll~ii 1~1'\J i'i mnwonnn mm~1m1'Jm1m~ !l'IJ •

tm:::i'im1'lm1oMu~:::~1 'l'turmwmilii Mun 'Vtum1uluihun~1u (white collar) tm::m~fi1

~~~tJ1'1fltyiim1ll{t1'lu~tl1n1!1 ff111l1J riTh ri1~1~ (Wage) 11lJltJO~ ~1'1J1'1Jt1'1J~'I'tUm1'1JMi'1l

t1'luri1fit~1lu'l1u 'ililoi'imnwon m~~1ur'i1u1wt1'lui'1 'im 1u 11~illYUfi1M1 um~iimu 'Vtum1u . . tmiliiri1ulmy Mun fi'IJ~1'1Jt1'lm1ui1 'im (blue collar) tr111l1JH<lU~:: 'iu'lfu~'IJ '1 iim1:1J

ff1ff~fln (Welfare)

42 ~ Gary, Dessler, Human Resource Management. 9 ed. (New Jersey: Prentice Hall,

2003), 302.

,2542), 245.

2546), 214.



41

1 ~· .... " 45 fi111J!f11J1~!l '11~11J~1'1HlU!Hflfll~

1J~~JJ'uiiminCi~rr1rr~rm ffl'llfuvtu nnu 1u ~6~UOJmimiu 1'liu rrirr~ nn

(Welfare) H<lth::: it~'IIU (Benefits) 1Jl011 (Services) fl101l'llJU'Vl'U!U-h (Hidden payroll)

'.: .. . .;~ '1 .. ~ "' ~ Hmh::: itJ'II'Ul06fJCl (Fringe Benefit) '11~l'l011~11'J'Vl11J 'llfl1~1~ (Non-Wage Payment) llJ'WOI'U

d .1 ICV Q1 1 1'j/ I .Ji <V ./ I .!1 d.c:t 'II HI u vy n u ~::: fl 'IJ 'lll'l ~ fl111J rru ~ u <1::: n n 'II nu 'II v ~ u 01 <1::: 'IJ fl fl <1 'II Htvt 'VI !'II <11 u 01 H n IJ

fl111J'I11Jlt~511JO'W fiv 011 hl'th::: ia'IIU~ i!J M vd1 u ~ tl'llv~fi10J6'1JU 'Vl'W i flVOJHurivtu n~1u

i flvvnii fl111J'IIIJ 1a~ 1 ~1::: ~~'11 ~ vm l'l'llflqiJ ~ u01 nfi Hn u \J 1~ 1 'liu rr 1rr ~ nn ~::: IJ n l -111 u

fl111J'IIIJ1 a~ :::fi UIJ '11111fl'"htl'lu tl ~::: ia'IIU~ iJ I'JIJ ~ fl 1 '11 'IJ fl fl<l 'th i tl ~ ~:.r n~::a l'lu fl'W ~'W '11 ~ tJ

~~~tltJ i tlfll!fm~ff' ~fliJ '11!11::: ~ HCJtl ~::: 1 tJ'IIUuCJ:::u 1 n 11 :Un ~::: IJOlhm 1-111 u nn 1'11 iY'Vlil '11~ v

HCJtl~::: 1a'IIU

, ,., ~ .; ' 1~ . "' ~ 1 .; 'Wl'l0~1m1tJ fl1fltJOJj~~10fll~~N~1'W'Vltl~flfll~ 'IIUO'IJflfl<lllJ'WOI'W 'U'Il!li:::'Vlfl'W'IJN

• • ri IJ, $it <!ii!frflll '11 <hill 'U fl111J 'IIIJ 1 a Vi 'Vl flu 'Vl 'U n 'W 46

~'hu mi ~fi H '1 'lltl~tl~H nn '11 ~ ml'lu HCJOJtJuu 'Vl'W 'IIU fl 1 fi'IIU fl'll it~~ ~'I'IU nnu illf u1vi mfi IJ

.. ' _: .j ' ~ ~ dt .I .. .I i ' 'Utl0!!1'Wl'l~10fl1~~1tJHCl01l'llJU'Vl'U'I'I'Wj1'U 'li~UmtltJO 1fli'IJ'U 2 u~:::ll"l'Vl fltl I) HClu~::: V'II'W'VlN

tffHJjO~ Muri m~illfu1ultl'lltJ~R1t~u 2) HCJtl~::: 1a'llum~~OJl'VltJ1 tl~:::ntJU~1tJlf1rrfim~

~1'Wll'llill'I'IUCJ:::nntl~:::nu1i1" iu»qfiTI'n~tJu u 1'W1'!! uHunni1mntm:::m~ i~i1'W<~fllum~ •

4 """ 'JI ~ 'JI ~I 1 """ I ............ 1!11"" .... " 'lil'l!f'Ufl1 1'1J'WOI'W H<lu~::: tJ'II'Wfi~OCll11JO'WIJIJ~fl !101J'I'I'Um1'1l'I'J0fi'U'Iltl~l'l~fl011

1l ~~JJ'utJ~ri' nnfi1~ '1 iil'l'la1m1Jm11i mmf NUH'WHCJtl~::: ia'!lul'~ tJrrf 1~m11J.n~'l'lvl ~ 1 ~ . ~ ~ d~ ~d ..I ~ ~ 1 ~,~ 1 '. ' 11UO'I'I'Um1'UI!Cl:::~j'IJ1Cl0 lfliJfll~tll'JOO!J!11JltJI'I'WfJIJfl~tl~'I'I'W0~1'W '11 fiHClU~::: tJ'II'WflN '"]I'II'W

rrirrfim~ff'~fliJ ~~tl'!u#~~~tJ~1l'luitlOJ1lJO!JI1ll1tJ uCJ:::1l'lu#~~'W1tJ~N~tJ~~1al'linuwum1u4'

'JI'Jito .... d<:t '111~11'W!f1'U~10fl ltllJ 'Vl l'l'l~!f, 2549), 271.

2546), 237.

41 """"" """ """ """ .... rl .d. ~ " Ill d !fiJ'II1tJ mtyOOJOJ, m~mm~mwmmllmw (n~~l'Vl'l'l'1 : li~:::l'f<liJUCJ::: t'lil'Vln,

2542) ,275.



42

it:Jlo1 ivw~~u mh1ii~ 'lfU~'IJ!Hff'11thh:; 1o•nJ'IJ!J~Vltl'rmwllliJ11L1i~mju'M 6

1h:::m1 fl!J48

I. ff'l1 ihh::: 1o'JfU ~lW tlt) '111Jltl tlt)'lliJlO'IJ!J~ ll'lli' i! !JIIJ~ m h1' HlOWlO~l~ h1' ff'11n • • .I 1 ' .I • oJ 1 d oJ oJ d d " , ~ u1:; O'lfW 4 u1:;ttl'I1~!Jt}tl~l~ ~tJIJ'IJ!JOtli1Wil'lO~IlltlW!J01'111WW i1'11nu1::: 1o'lfum~ltl'wMuri

(I) nnu1:::ii'wft'~r~u

= (2) I~W'I1~11'11W

(3) m1u1:::ii'wnniH~1w . . (4) nmnibu u11:::mnnil~-.hmh i1'11nu1:; 1u'lfumh~liw;iw!l~num1llum

h'IJ!J~Wlti~N

2. nnu1::: ii'W'!l'llflll'l nnu1 :::i\'w '!l'llmYlm!lllfllJmh h ~Ylt111lll1 nltm'l1o

n11J~nl1'111~t1lml'l'I10~w ']tl7!J~~ltlnl1U1:::ii'w'!l'llfl1Vl)jfl111!'illriqJmh~uln ii~uumh~mn

~1nm1u1:::ii'wilmmu~w '1 .c:t Q, Qo <J''J} .!.t~J """' I , Ql

3. nl11f11WW!J1~ ll'111iU1::: 1V'lfW~1WWfi!Jnl1L'111~WIIfltJfl'ilH'I1!1~~1tl!J!Jtl~lflnW

1 i "~ . " . 1 " " ~ "1 'l "~ .. , . 4. nl1!11'11~~ ~W ~11Jfll~H IINW!11'11~fl'l11 L'lllJtl'il1~'11~~~1W ~~ ~tl ~11J'I110 IJ

, 1'~ • " .; .1 • ~ 1 ' "' . ~ i'111Jfl1~1~'lf~'IJW!J~f11JW ti1J10'1J!J~!J~flnl111JWlllflqj

5. m1u1:;nwilv tmwu1:;nwiloll1m1 L1~uma~tJn~,~~lnilqJ'111m~m1t~w eg~ ""' J .c:t .c:tQ, "

!Jl'illfl~'IJW~lflnl1'1Jl'll'll1fl1Vllll1:::nl11llO'lf1~'1JO~lJfl'ilH

i " •49 ~llfl

I. Nl1U1:; ltl'lfUI~OfJl1~~1tl 1 Mtrlaun'imWWiffll I~WI~WW!ffli~!J~fltl11 ~ltJ 1M

<v do J_,.o J, Ito 9:""' or Vl W fl~ 1 W '111!1 '11 H lW til fl'IJ W '111 !Jl11U1 tl'IJ'Il I 'lf'll tl11 ~ 1 Vfl1'11 H 1 'll ! 'll n::: Vll ffll fl1!11~ 11!11

(overtime payments) flll'h~l'llt'll-'l''ll'lltl~ l~'ll>i'll •

48""'""" """ """ .... " Ql ""' " 11'lfV1 1'110~~1!, f111'U1'1111'111VlV1t111J'IllltJ (fl~~I'I1Vl"': 1i'll1i'lff111Vl1Jl'l, 2550), 191.

49 .c:t .... .... " "WI 'lll'l ff11Jqj'lllfl, nl1U1'1111'111VltJ1fl$1J'IllltJ (fl~~I'I1Vl"' : '!,!~1 !Vlff1!1, 2546), 67.



43

2. tiww1Junu~~loi11'iflohi.ru~'limu 1'!iu rmhl'ii1ucnHqmh~ ']l'!iu cnii~

<mho cntHI!lfl 'IJ>n en tjthnmn 1\1 u .r u ~~~ vh i\'1J ·il u~ fi fllll i1 oti 11 ~~ 1 o hl' vn! fmu h11 u

fllHHHQfl ifltJ'I'IUmlu~!.i,~\'tJi)u~~ltJ

3. tl1tl~mme~:::He~thdo'lfu~il~'l Mmi rmhl'!~u'li1m'!1aui11'1J~flmiH '1 uri •

wum1u 1'1iu i11'Hwu.fth:::~ll'ilu'l1'1i~ Mtili'mn'l'ltJ11Jl<l ti1thumo 1i1u.ru

4. flll~ltJl~U'l'llfll'I'IU<l:::mllJ~Ufl~ 1'1iu mnh:::i\'u1l11111i1ufl~IJ flllth:::i\'urm

1 ~1Jihmm::: tjU~l'l1 '! mnh :::i\'u ff' ~fllJ UCI:::flll ~ltJH111l!l1JU'I11.JlrluilH11.J (unemployment

' 1~. " . "' ~ compensation) l'lftJ '111Jll'I11.J~ 1Jl1.Jl(\J lll1.JI111.J

5. flll~ltJgu '1 ml1MlH1e~ ml1M'IIU~'111qJ'11~U i1Jutl 'ljfl'limu ue~:::ltl~u~'li1o

1 tl'11e~uf!ntJ~lflflll'limu '11~Ufln1tl'!~Utlfl 1i1u.ru

v • ' fl111J~Il'YI'I.!I1ltltl-3fl011

!JJ o I t I

~1J~ '1111 u fl'11qlla !l~fl flll nlJ'Ii'~u fl'rtq~m l1Jffltl111{ l'W !l~~lflll'l.!1ftfll~ !l~fl111J~fl'li '1.!1\1 Ul~ u~ii

thfiqJg~l~U~'I1'd~1umlfffllll'l'lq~mliJ'IIU~u~fiml ti~tfuu~fiflmh~ '1 ;~Utl1~'1111ii~~:::llm i' flllltliJl.Jlfl~ii fJWfll'I'I'IJ !l~!l~fl flll 1M 11i) U~ ~11.JU~j1 1.J'I1 U 11Hl1.JtJ111.J 11-J~ U l~mj l!l~fl flll ,11~

' . n'll'I11JltJUCI:::lll~ qj~l1'11U' 1ih '1 ;iu 111 ~1tJfl1l'lil1tl' tlm.Jlmnflfl111Jfjfl'liuucil~UU1JUU u fl1JU~flflll

..,. q <V <V I ./

11'1.!1tl~llll'.l11l1Jtl111J~Il'YI'I.!~ tltl~tlllU

~ffll11110tJ1fl1Jflll~fl'litJ (commitment) ,~tl'umm~1umlfffl11111Cl:::ltl1.JU!l1.J1flfl

l~tl1il1Jtl111JHfl'liu H.i1~ '1 ilu'!1 cno'li'ffu::: ~~u.i!RIJIIU 1fltll~tJ1fl1Jfl111JHfl'liu itltJ!\1'1'11::: • • Q.l I 4' ,d 4 1 !J'

tl111J~fl'I'IUI1l!JU~flflll (organizational commitment) UUIJtlV~'Ii'ffu::: flU I) 'li'ffu:::nltJU

HCI 111::: i tJ'lfU 11\UlJ l! '11 u (side-bets orientation) 1\1u 'li'ffu :::l~tJ1fl1J fl111J Hfl'liu .iuu~rfm1 ~!Ill:::~~ • <~~ 1111 w ~ u~m1 <~~lJu ri1U'IJfl<~fl<~'l1~uflm'hii~o~H<~ MHe~Lilv~~:::Liitl~u,rlv,'llltlVfl, 111llfl . .. . v~ flflll u u m~ 'If~ o 1'11lflil flll u~1 u v~ fi m1 ii HCI~ IJl flfl i1~ ll::: 'li 11 tl' ljfl t1 e~uu lfltltl111J Utl n u

lJlflg~~U l~U~Il:::iJilHV~1uu~flflll.iU, 11 2) 'li'fftJ:::~!U'Utl111JflCIIJflftl.Jl:::'l1iHLih11l :::tl ~fl



44

"' ~ .; " ~, ... >t _, '' ~ .>t _, ' (goal congruence orientation) tlJU'I'lffU::'I'lli.J\Jfll~tN t1'1f~tulu~::tHfni1U1Jflfnlfl'IJLUlu~::ff~fl

' 50 'llll~!Hflfll~

fi lllJlUU 1flflt~tl1fl'Ufl1llJ Fjfl'liU 1 ~\]flU U~t~U ffll~ fl ~lJ fill Utlflt ~ U fl1llJ Fjfl'liU 'I'll~

t~flfl~ (attitudinal commitment) Utl::fl1llJFjfl'liU'I'll~'Vitj~flnlJ (behavioral commitment) ifltJ

fl1llJ Fjfl 'li U '11 N 1 ~ fl fl ~ t ~ U fl1llJ Fj fl 'li U 'I'll~ fl1llJ f ff fl 'llll ~ fflJ 1 :Jin i fl tJfflJ l:Jifl ~:: ii fl1llJ r ff flil

1 i'l111lJ ltJ U 1;l ::ifl OU ~:: ff ~ fi1 U flU vh ~1 U 'llll~ t 'Ill fl'IJ ll~ tl flU ii fl1llJ ffllfl fl-.)' ll ~flU Vh 1 11' OlllJ f 'U •

ti'l111mv'11v~ v ~ ti'm ~ ii t ~ '~ fl ~~iii vi vv~ ti' m~ iimllJ'itvff'Rvvi vv~ti' m~ i iini lfl u m~t ~mhu .k ' • 1 v..,. Vd ~ v " ,.. ! .dl ~I ...!~ ~ "

11\J~'IIll~ll~flfll~ 'I'll 11lflfltnlmffmuu1~l'llll~ll~flfln R~uu ~~u~l~ommlllJfl1llJflll~fll~ • ~ ~:: l>i n ~ v ~ 1 u !l ~ti' m ~vi !l i tl u 1;1:: fl1llJ Fjfl'li u 'l'll~'Vi q ~fl ~ ~ lJt ~ u li fl'hllll:: tl1llJ !Jfl'li u ~ fflJ 1:Jinii . , ' . mllJ~v~nnn~::tli)llilmm~nuv~ti'm~viv1tl iimllJt~lJ l ~ 91'~ 1 ~fi~::tli)u~~lumh~villluv~

1 flO 1li1vn6lo i tli 11 U1 ~!l!l~tlfll~ tl ~:: ff'Ufl1llJ ffl1~ ~ llnt ,1 !l~lJl ~ 1 n1 ~tm OlJL nouo~ ~tl ~itm:: .c::t .d. "'> .1 I .d.y 1' .: ?I "'> t/ lit jl

~tlt fftJ'I'l ~:: tflfl'IIU lltJHOti1\JUU 1 11lfltl::'l'l~fl1llJL1JU fflJl'lfflfftll'Vi'llll~!l~tl Ill~ 1 U

' • .1 l " ' ~ .. U!ll'l'lflHn tm:: 1\Jtl (Northcraft and Neale) 11fl1llJ11lJltJ11 fl1llJFjfl'ViU11lJltJO~

"'"""'C~.l , , 1 .o~ • 1" eSs2 tl1llJfflJ'ViU 1i!l01~1;lfl'lf~ U U'UUUU ~:: 111N1Jtlfltl fl1Jtltltl11U ~fl'IJ!l~tlfll~ fl!l~tlfll~ 11 U ~

I Wj .Q oo' I I Q; I d "" """.J .dl 'jld

ff1U !!l1'1futmfl (Eisenberge) fltll111 fl1llJFjfl'Vi\Jfl!l111JltJO~'I'lffUflfl'lf~Ufffl~O~fl11lJ1fffl

~ 1lJ 1~\J 11\1 ~11ii tl1fl'IJ!l~ tl fll ~ 1 ~ Utl1llJ fflJ'Ii U tfl:: 11 i1~ 1Jtltltl ~ f ufo~fll~ t~lli,] tl ff!! 'Uff'4 U 'II !l~ <I ..J. 4 ..,. d.d.ro .,.jt153

ll~tlfll~ ~1;1 'l'lflllJlJl fl !l tl1llJ !Jfl ffl11:: 'II !l~ fflJ l'!ffltm::tnllJtfllJ 1 ~'11~ ::lJlJL '1'1'1'1 Hl UL'Vi!lll ~tlfll~

fftRo{rr (Steers l l 11'mllJ11lJ1Vfl1lllFJfl'liuvivv~ti'm~ i1t ~u t11lll{ iin11 ~llfl1llJUlJ'Ii u n ~~ 11iio1

50 Greenberg and Baron, Behavior in Organization (Boston : Alyn and Bacon, 1993),

174-175.

5I Thomas w. Lee and Terence R. Mitchell, "Organizational Attachment: Attitudes and

Actions, "in Organizational Behavior the State of the Science, ed. Jerald Greenberg (Hove :

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1994), 84-85.

52 Gregory B. Northcraft and Margaret A. Neale, Organization Behavior (Chicago :

The Dryden Press, 1990), 464-465.

53 Hutchison, Eisenberge, "Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Oiligence,

Commitment and Innivation," Journal of Awlled Psychology 74 (September 1990) : 52.



45

m.i w 1'1 u !l 'Ill! d ~ !l ut~ilmiu 'IHJ ~ !l'mtiin 1 u m11 ;I l'huil ~ m 1u 'II emm1 nn ~ 1 om1u ~~ u 1 ~,.

ff1'1l lJ 1i 1'1l!l (Luthans) hl' fl11ll 11m O'IJ u ~ m1u r;~n'l1'ul'i uu~ fi nw;h tl'l 'Ill~ tl ~ '116~ 'li fl'll fl~ ~ cv Vdl cv .., -=t I ,f "r! ,<:t I I " "" d _;. 1 y '

vt'll f1~1'1l1ll'fl~~ Hlflflflfl !HHflf111 11<1:: !Iilli !1'1'1l11lJ 1 'llf111Ull'\il~fl11llfl\il!l1 'lli'I'HJ 116~flf111 • .... _I " -=t ""' I .<!I 55 Q tl tl tl "" "

lJ11<11\illlu1::ll'~flll<l::lJfl11lJI~1WHIHH ll'l\il1J1ll' vttl11fltl1U<I::llfli<IV (Steers, Porter and .. .. .... Bigley) Mhl' fl11lJ 11lJltlfl111J ~f1'11''1ll'i66~ft f111 11 lllJlVO~ fl11lJ r fffl'IJ tl~ !l'lJltiifl~ r;~n'11' 'll i\' lJ

~. ~ ~ ~ ~, ~ ~ . ' ~1'1l'l'll11 Gob involvement) fl11ll~~1flflfl\il (loyalty) ll<l::fl11ll 1111~ ~~ !'llfJWfl1'116~tl~flf111

56 I <II 'J~Vo..,.

(belief in the value of the organization) !1'1'1l1Jfl1'1l'll (Buchanan) !1'1 !llfl1'1JV1lJ'IltJ~fl11lJ

Fm'l1'ul'iat!~ftf111 Hi1 tl'lu fl11u~ilml'lumm~tnfiu (partisan) tl'lum1u Hn'l1'u~ill'im i1111lJlV • • • 11<1:: fl1 iJ till 'II tJ ~ tl~ft f1 11 11<1:: f111 U i) U~~ 1'1l 1'11llll'l'llll'I'I'IJ tl~fl'lll6~ I~ a11l' lJ 11lj 0~ I il111lJlt111<1::

fi1il vu'IJ tl~t!~rl' m1 9i ~tl1:: nau ~ 1v!1'1u li1u tia o m1uu uum.iutl'luoul! d ~out~ o•nufi u

' "' d _>( • ~ ,_,~~~ ~ ' tl~flf111 (identification) IU'Il f111 U !1'\il~ tlflfl'll~l U111lJlVU<I:: fl1'1l VlJ 'lltl~ r;{U{Jllfl ~1'1l ! 'IJ6~flf111 2)

fl11ll I~V1'11''1l fiu !l~ftf111 (involvement) 1 \il om1tli)u~~ 1'1li'l1llll1'1'lll1'1'1'11 !l~\il'll mh~t~u~ 11<1:: • •

3) fl11ll~~i'min~ fl11ll~tli:Yi'lO (loyalty) 111J'Ii~fl11u{ilni'n1fl~r;!f1'11''1ll'i6t!~ftf111 57

~ 1 nil V11Jfl11u11u1 v'll tJ ~fl11u ~ n'l1' u ~ilu n1'111fln 1 ~11l'fl11u11u 1vfiu 1 1mh~ . . . 11 <11 flll <11Vll'1 tl1 ~i1fl11u Hn'l1'utl'lu 'li ~~ '? tJ~ fl11u~ iln 11'?m ~i'l fl~ 'llfl~u flfl <1 'i1 ill'iaa~ rl' m11 u

.. .. 'II ..

'IJfl'l ~ 1'1l 11<1:: ~:: ff ~ H<lvl 6vtq~ 111 1lJ'IJ6~1J fl fl <I~ IJ:: U !1'\il ~ 6t!fll'i66~ flf111 1 'llli'fll;JW::'IJ!J~ fl11lJ

~~i'min~ fl11u'iimrl'lo m1utffr.Jll'<1:: 'l'iumlunwt'imu t~mhma~rl'nn 1tllim1mht~ll • •

ltluuunlUJ~m1uAtltl~flll1~

lllltlfll II<I::O<II<I'Il (Meyer and Allen) i:i~ 1R'~1U'Il fllUUlJlJq)tl~fll1llr;ffl'l1''1ll'itl ' do • I ,. ~ ,.. do

6~flf11166f11U'Il 3 lUUllll fl6 I) fll1llr;{flvt'IJl1l~fl11lllll'fl (affective commihnent) lll'll

wnu~n'l1'u~t~o1fimmuw '116~1Jfl<nm 1 'llt!~rl'nn ou Muri fl11ui' n 1 fl~ r;~n'l1'u fl11uol'loa

54 Richard M. Steers, "Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commihnent,"

Administrative Science Quarterly 22 (March 1977) : 46.

"Fred Luthans, Organizational Behavior, 6~ ed. (Singapore: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1992), 124.

56 Richard M. Steers, Lyman W. Porter and Gregory A. Bigley, Motivation and

Leadership at Work, 6'" ed. (New York:the McGraw Hill Inc., 1996), 374.

57 Bruce Buchanan, "Building Organizational Commihnent : The Socialization of

Managers in Work Organizations," Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 533.



46

fl11lJHil'li'WU1J1JA<HUll~ (continuance commitment) •

. . ~~ 'W fl11lJ l;jll '11' 'W fill g1l 'W '"'W! 1'W 'II 6 ~

• I ; ' ,. , ~ d dt ~ ~ dt ~ H~u~::: tV'II'W ll~mm flH~lffV'IIll~m~mmW1'111l mnt~o~nnoon~11lnl~lli'WfflJl'llll'llll~

~ d .d.cs "' I .d 'i <I I ~LI 'JI • 6~fl01~ 'll~'IJflfl~'l1lJfl11lJI;jO'V'f'WU 1J1Jfl6l'W ll~!l ~ ~:::fl~llg 'W6~fl01HIU llll'V'f~ 1:::1'111016~ 6~ 3)

fl11lJHO'Ii'W~!~'WUllff01'W (normative commitment) l~'Wfl11lJHil'li'W~fflJl:Jin ~uni11~'W • • • V ..; .a 'JI "' .d 'JI o 'i ' • 1~ 1 •58 .:l 'JI ...,

li'W1'11li~6'1161;JO'I'I'W'I1~:::ot~Nfl1H6g 'W6~flnl~fl6 IJ l'l'l~1:::l'IJ1fl1~llg 'll~ff6flfl~ll~ll1J flll~fl

1'11 UU11JlJ u~::l1ffff'W(Colquit, Lepine and Wesson) ncinii~fl11lJ!;jll'li'WA66~flnn11 fl11lJ

Hn'liuoi oo~fl'm~ t~'W~ ~~iH1'11il 'I'I~~Vi 1 i M'1lfl~1ml~lJ ill~ ll:: t~'W fflJ 1:Jin'IJ o~o~fl'nwii ~~~ u ~a on • •

"" !114 . • 4 ..... ""'""' I. fl11lJI;jll'I'I'W'I1l~fl11lJ1,ffll (affecl!ve commitment) lllJ1tJ\l~fl11lJI;jll'l't'W'I110flll11l

fl11lJfun11otuihhui1lJ iu6~fl' m~ iim1ll~;Jn'liun1ltl4oui 1m1u tl~::li1l ill iu1lmnmll'llo~m~ 0 'J/4 Ql .ct I .Q.ct d 'JI I

'11H1'W ~ffllff'Willl1J~1'Wltn:::lJfllO!ll1JU'I1'W'I1flll~A6~61J • • • .... • .d d .... """ """

2. fl11lJI;jll'V'f'WU1J1Jfl<H'Wll~ (continuance commitment) lllJ11J\l~fl11lJI;jll'I'I'W'I110fl

ll11lfl11lJ~mi 1~ Mt~uum:Jin'IJ6~ll~fl m~ nn 1~1'1!.1 1um.i ~~ll ~,j''W fflffftm~~~ ll'Wlflflfl11lJJ'Wfl~Unfl~6Uflh ;~l~'Wfl11lJ~1l~'W

o<V !VI ,j

H11lJi:r1flty'IIO.:Jfl11lJf;lll'1'11ll'ltl6~flm1

C> """ Cll I tf _,d, 'JI I 'J/ 'JI 'J/ t .J'IiJ 'J/ d .,f

ll11lU'W1flAU~::'WIJlJ'IJll~fl11lJHil'l't1lfl66~fl01~'11 flllm1lJlU~1'111~fl1l'W'W 'II !lllli'W\1~ • fl11lJ~ 11~u ium~ffmlllto~m1lJHn'liu'llo~un1'111m~ ~1lJ~~~ff'W 11lll11lff1'1116l:Ji'l'l~h~ "' ~~

• • I • • llllllll1nuuft'1un1'111m~~1ll1'WlJ1nii'~1~:JliM"riluii~m1lllhfity'llo~m1llf;fll'lill miit,jll \JfllU'W

(Buchanan) ,j i M'rillli1fl11lJ r;J n'li 'W i 'W ll ~fl' nn t~'W 1 to~~ iifl11lJ lflfl ty ~~ 1 fllllll 'l't 1::: Fj ~1'1 nn

58 John. P. Meyer and Nathalie J. Allen," A Three Component Conceptualization of

Organization Commitment, "Human Research Management Review 40,4: 219-236, queted in

Fred Luthans, Organizational Behavior, 7"' ed. (Singapore : McGraw-Hill International Editions,

1995), 131.



47

I 'Yl11::: fl11lJ f:;j fl n u1 'll6~ fl fl1111'l 'll ~ ~ ~ 111'1 u.J 6 fl116 ~16flllll::: fl11lJ ij U 1::; ff'11 ll !11'Yl'll6~ !J ~fl fl11

'll'll1fl1 my l'Yl11::: ~fl11u1tnhti'l!1 unwu~ 1111 ~1u "'"~ lJfl6~flm1 Mi 6 1M' 6~fl n u fl~ 6~1 mYm'Yl

~ii !'('II m'Yl;i 1 i4 6 i M' ~ 11 iJ u nu.i" 1 tJ 1 ~ iii'~ J u fl11u f:;jfl'liu.i !l 6 ~fl' nn ~ ~ 11'1 'Ill~ fl fiR~ ii fl11mhfl''l!~~~'Yl11::: 1) fl11utJn'liu1 u "~fl'm111'lu~11~"u 1:::11 -h~ ~u fl'll1m1 '116~ulJ'lHi'nu lil111lJ1V'II6~6~flfl1111~6'1'h 1 M6~flfl11tl1 1l)lil111lJlV~1N Hlium~ 2) n11M~UUUR~1'1l{ffn

1 .,s 1 ~ ,.. <I .Q 1 """ 'JI ~I ""' Q <I I

11fl'lll!J~lJll'1'1llll'lll ~1'116~6~flfl11llll:::u ll'1'1llll'1lJll'1 Nu1 :::ll''111i lll'Yl'll6~ 6~flfl11 Ull::: 3) 'lf1Vllfl

fl11 fl1tlfJ lJ ~ 1 fl Ill v 'U6 fl 59

Uflll'ol 1m:: 1w\luifl (Kast and Rosenzweig) i~lMfl11lJ!Ylfl\)!fttlfl11lJI':;jfln'lllfiV

mi 111 1' ·:h u 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~1m:: fl11u'Yl v1o 1u '116 ~ll fill 1m 11'1 u•hu tJ 1 ~ ii D'l1 il 'Ylll.i 6fl11l'i4u Hll Hii fl &' 1

.<::!. 41 ' " d 0 Gl _jf -1 " " )I d 1Jflll1 fl1lJfl11lJ f:;jfl'Yl 'll fl66~fl fl11 'l ~ llll::: lJ 6~111 'll fl11lJ ll'1fl \)!'116~111 1 u 1::: ll' ~ fl'll6~ 6~fl fl11 u ll1fl

• • , , 1

I ~6:U''U M ·h 6~ fl flU il ~::;ii Hll flu tJ uu91 ~ 1'1l1 m::: rltl!J ~ iil~..r 'll ~tJ ~ 1111 Vi Iii' 6~fl11 tJ r tJ tJ l ~11 ~ 6

l'i4UFmHnfll fiV61 fiofl 'll ~::: lii'6~~ ~ flll'f 1~tl 11111 fl1ff fi111J~ 1lJU lll!H:::fl11lJ f:;jfln'll.i66~ fl flU '116~

'1Jfllllm60

th'lllll'RVHf (Steers) 1~mini:i~fl11u1:htl'\)!'116~fl11lJf:;jfl'li'U.i6m1~flff'llhiu . . . 6~fl m1 ·:h 1u lllflfl fl11u <Ut1u8~ :Uu i u1::: 11 -h~ m1 ~ fl ifu i ~ '116 ~ fl ~u fl m Viufl11u f:;jfl'ti u i u m1

• ~fl ifu1 ~~:::,/1o1M' eru 1 ~fl tJ u u91 fl1u u91 '116 ~ fl ~u ujj' i1'Yl1m 'II n::: 1 urtl u ~ 1onuu91 11 u ~ ~ m ~

mi 11, 1>1'11m :::mu fl11~flff'll1 ~~iitl1::: ff'l'lll lll'Yl'll6~6~fl fl11iifl11lJ ifun'll ,r null~ ~tJ~hl'luer6~ tJ 1::: flu fi 6 fl ~ lJ fl11lJfl flu ll::: fl11ll4ufl11lJ f:;j flW'Il.i 66~ fl fl11 '116~ ll'lJl ~flti ~ ~ ::;,/1 Oll fl !JU !1'11 fl . . . u!l:::oU'6~1nfl i 'lll~6~fimJm'Yl'll6~fln ~flff'll i ~ ri'~uu ~u~1111 ~~lii'6~~'1l~16~flll6fll1ll1 i u m1

• ~1HU ~ ~v'li~ll'6~U1 :::m11M' fl~ mii 'll6~flfl11 ~'~" !lfl 1 tl" •

59 Bruce Buchanan, "Government Manager, Business Executive, and Organizational

Commitment," Public Administrative Review 4 (1974): 340.

60 Fremont E. Kast and Jame E. Rosenzweig, Organizational and Management : A

System and Contingency Approcach, 4'" ed. (Singapore :McGraw-Hill Book Compant, 1985),

647-648.

61 Richard M. Steers, Introduction to Organizational Behavior,3rd

ed.(Boston:Glenview,IL.Scott, Foreman,l988), 422-425.



48

ili~v~li~Nngjofl1nJef)nugjoo~rij),.,

fi111J Nn'l1'u.imm1m., ~tnllJ thfiwmh~ t~ l u m':i '11'm u 18~flm., ii ~lin l':i /1 \Jfl ·h1n:: • • • 0 0

1 ~ 0'118 nl' n 1'111 m ':ill~ l \J th ::lVI ffll ll:: .i 1nh::; I'Yiff In 01~ 8~ n u1J ~ ~ ofi ff ~ H n.i 8fi111J r;j0'!1' \J .i 8

l'lfMW\J ( Sheldon )62 h\'ihi'!llui18~flu':i::n8u~ff'll'l1'uli'nunmmllr;Jn'l1'u.i8

8~flm':i~::I~01~8~nm::o::mn.Yh~l\Jlu8~flnn 81Q ll"'ff ':i::fimhmh ':i11Jo~1l~~o~d'lu • nf o' !V_j .... """"' Gl .::t u':i:: 11unn w '118~r;ju!)mH1\J ~H\J

L ':i::o::nnl~l.rlunnifmm~<JU':i::08'll!ll;l"'

2. tnllJHn'liu.im~mi1m1u ~~iiri1uHlinfiu hfln~riTuolJ.i<Jm;l"' nn'l1'mu1 l u • ri1uu':i::l1unnw un::mllll1\J 1~ lum;l"'

ri1u m~o.,ff' ( Steers) mh1o~1l~~o~iial'lil"'n.i<Jmlllr;Jn'liu>i88~flm':ifi863

L linllw::li1\J'IJflflll'll8~~ui)u~n\J (personal characteristics ) 1/luri ll"'ff mq

:;::fium:;ffnml1m\Jml"'lunnl1ll1!1 ':i::o::nnlmn'iH1\Jl\J8~flm':i :;::;fim'humh un::ohuml~ ~ .. l1\Jll'l

2. lin'IJW::'II8Hl\J (job characteristic ) Muri fi111Jiifll1':i::;lumn'h~l\J fl11ll{

l1lllOl1lllO'II8~~,u mllliimnlinllw'll8~nu ~1u~ii'i8ml1ui)ff'llnuli'nu~5u Nll~8unliu'll8~

~1\J un::fi111JI~l h lum::;munwt'h~1\J .I , .. , ~ • , ' ~ ~ • ~ ..

3. u':i::l1'llfll':i!l!l'l ~~100Ul'IH1\J \J8~flfll':i (work experiences) lfi!IO fi111Jll10

iwmiifl11llthfl'ty.i<J<J~flnn tn111ft~Vi~ M~1n8~flfll':i fi111Jfll~1~~Mi'mmfl8'lll1\J8n1n " "' ""'' A • " 8~flfll':iUll::;l'lffflflfi81'1'18\J':i1ml\JUl1::8~flfll':i

~1fli1!1ul1::illllJ8{!1 ( Decotis and Swnmers )"' Mmh1o~~~~iiH!1.i8fl11lJHOn\J • .i88~fi'm-:; i1 u 80~lnlinllw::; ri1u '1Jflflll'II8~1Jfll11m ull1 ifn 1111 u o ~u.,:: 11um':i w m':i .Yh~ 1\J ~~ .. ~ ~ ~ -d~

flll':i'llltl~ tfiHl1':i1~'118~~1\JUl1::'lll':i01fllff l \J8~flfll':i80~10

62 Mary E. Shaldon, "Investment and Involvement as Mechanism Producing Commitment to

the Organization," Administrative Science Quarterly" 16,2 (June 1971): 143-150.

63 R.M. Steers, Organizational Effectiveness : A Behaviora!View (Santa Monica, CA :

Goodyear, 1997),121.

64Thomas A. Decotis and Timothy P. Sununers, "A Path Analysis ofMode1 of the Antecedents

and Conseguences of Organizational Commitment," Human Relation "40, 2 ( 1987 ) : 453



49

~1n~min1J1~m\'u ~:;vnrh~il~~v~H'lll1fllllll ~~fi'l1ii'l'fll~61111llfJfl'liulm::hi ,.,....J " .... """ "''" ""''"" lod. ~ 11Jll fl '11 ~:; !l'':i HIll' ':I IJlJ fl !'11fll I flfl fl11lJ Hfl'l'f ll 11166~ flfll':i ~ 1 fl'll tllJ !HH fl!l11'11 Hflll ~ :::'1'1 1J 11 lJ • • • iJ ~ ~ vm~miw~~n..f~a ~~ 11'luflw linll w::mu i u.t'11Jflflll i m ~ ll'f l~'llv~v~fl'm> 'l'fq~m > IJ

1 '1.1 Ullll m> 'l.li] ff'll'li u £ ti u 'II v~ !l'm :;!nmv i ll6~ftrm m >Ill fllff'116 ~v~ ft' m > 111'11llli n ll mv i u

v~ r1 111 > ..f~ 'Ill! fl ~ mi 11ll 1l1 1u ~fl11ll ffll 'liu £ ~ v >:; iill fl11ll fJ n'li u 'IIV~ 'IJfl !'11m mo i u v~ ft'm >

~ • 4 HD'IItl~fl1UifJfl'l't'llVIflfl'lflfl11

"' I " I i 0 ~I ""' ..,f " , "' fl11ll Hfl'l'f ll 1116fHfl fll':i ll6 fl~ 1 fl ~:; '1111J ll fll':i '11lllliJ u ':i:; !'1''111i H!l'll6 ~tl~fl fll lU !'11 IJ~ • ' .

!'1'11Jn o l11mv'l'f q~ m, ll'II6~1J flfl llli ~::: 'l.li] u~ ~o6~ft'n n M ii ~,:r u mlll FJn'liu ~ vo~ ft'm > ~~n

i . = i "' " 6SWJV d I .ct H!lfll:; '111J fliJfl HIll fl'l'f\}111 m ':i IJ 'II tl~ ljfl fl!l fl V Ill ll fl !'1!'1( Randall ) 1 fllll'll6fl111JI'Illl11 fll':i lJ

• fl11l!Hn'lim::iill~l~'l ir u thu~H!l~itm::H!ll uv~V1Jflfl!lU!l::6~ftnn 1 'Ill h\'uum::iillfl11ll • •

i!jfl'till!l'JU 3 >::~ill fltl >::iill~l >::iilJfl!ll~ U!l:;';i:;il'1Jt;l~ ifltJU~!l:;';i:;iim/~H!l~61Jflfl!lU!l:; " .... .1

f)~flfll'jfl~ll

~ ~ ' !flUfl

1.1 H!l i uu~ mn~ 61Jflfl !'1 fl11ll i!j n'liu i u>::ii lJ~n:;•Jhv i 11' 1Jflfl!l~fl11lltl iil 'JI ,( ""' ./-=:, jl Cll I 0 <:t 4 4 'jl I ::

ff'j Hff'j 'j flU>:; iilllj fliilflllll1flfl'j 'jlJ i'llll'l '1111j flfl!llJI111lJfll::fl f)'j !)'j ll ill fll'j'l!l~lll i 'Ill! lJHfl'j ~ . ' 61 ~llfl~ 1m ll u ~ '116~fll'j '11 r '1'1 IJlfl'j 'IJfl fl !'1oth~~ '1.1 'j ::if'llii fll '1'1 ll6 fl ~ 1 fl ii v~ 'lhv i 11' '4 fl !'11 fl'j li 1li ritliJjj

.<::!.. """ .d.<:t .J' 'I , fl11lltliil'l1lllll!'llfll'l'f~fl'l1iil'llll !Ill

1.2 H!l i u.\' 1umn~ 6V~ ft' m> 1i'lu1~ v~'l.ln~ ~ 1Jfl!llm ~ ~11111Ji!jfl'li u~ V6~ft m >

U VV ~:; ~ tl~ jj fl1 ':i I U~ VU ~ lll '11 ~ tl '111111 ~ lll V ll ~:; ff ~ H!l ~ tl fl1 ':i U U U~ ~ lll fl tll flfll111lJ Iff IJ'Illll! 1!'1:; tll ~

li'lll!l'll'll'Jll'lf ~1111l!Uflfl!Wfl i uv~ft'nn 1.1' u~nn~ 'IJflfl!l~ 1liti vv~fl111J!l'lll>O iunnl11~1u •

!l::l!liJU!l::'IJ1iil~lll ,lijj fl111JHfl'lill~tl6~ftflniJu ~::li'lllH!lR fltl ml11J~llljjl'l1 I'IH!l i llfll':i 1M' • • . '

1J fllllmir u~ u ~lfl'IIU 1li 11Ji lllllU> lff~1nm> i 11l111l ,li~ lHfl v~f !Him:: 1li~ 6~ ~1uti l'llllll'llll ifl'l

65 Donna M. Randall, "Connnitment and the Organization : The Organization Man

Revisited," The Academy of Management Review 12,3 ( July,l987): 460-471.



50

u fml u ~\u mwi mJ t1 t1 11 rm ii t1 1111 Hn'li u 1m::;~ u ~ 1 ri ~ Hl1 ~ mn nh::; m1 u , . Vl;'I'I'IJ!N1Jfifi!1 1'1'1~1!::~1'111fl'bj)jm111r;jfln'U~~::; 1lJum111*~ 'U i 'Uflnll1~1'U Vh hfllJ)jm111~11 V 1 0 'I Od ~ 0 V ~ ' d 'U1 'UfllH11~1'U 111Jfi1111'1'1:::ttlll'I'I:::111'U U!1:::11fl~::;U\lfi~fll~I'Hlfi1'U'U &11lJ111'1Jll~!Nfifll~ 'II~Vl~~::;

tl'!'Utl1fi int1n iri!lllfl M trlll~:::nJ~o'U~1'U~~iith:::1~nm11~1'U~'Ill~ , . 1.4 H<J i mi'1u<Ju~llll~ti'm~ m~iim1uHn'tiu 1m:::~u~, ut111mt11'1i'Uli'num~ •

ttl~11u~1u m~'IJ1fi~1'Ull~ m1uri1~1iunm1mu t11mru~1u~1 m111'1ll~mi"6~mnho~1u ~111 •

'J_I&f 0 ~ I ./ I .... .... ""' !J " " !1J\l~f111 m::; '1'11Hfi fillll~fi fll~ t'lf'U fll~ 1Jf111llfl tt<J:::flWII fi'IJ11~f1111Jt ~HlJf111'U 1'1Jll~ll~fifll~

1 fit'ltll'l'l1::: mi H ti~~ 11J r1<11m i u ~:::~mt111u mu11 ~ !l~u 111nii m11Jr;Jfl'li u 1 u ~ ::;~u~ 1uu 1~:::'111

• 2. m~ iim11Jr;jfl'li'U i u~::; ~u U1'Ufl<l1~ ii Hm1~ i wd mnu<J:::u~ <Ju~ ll'IJfifi<JU<l::;

' .! ~v ' ll~fifll~'ll~ !fiUfl

2.1 f-1<1 iuu~mfl~ll'IJfifi<l m~~'IJfifi<lUfi1111~n'li 'U~llll~tl m~mh~uu1uu ~:::'111 ~ " = .A .... " I y .d " Q V-"'i ?I " tl .d. .:. 1 !11l'll1tflfifi1111'11ll\lfitlfilli1'U1'1'1U<l::;!l~fifll~ IJfi11111\lfltU'U!~1'1Jll~ll~fifll1 11fi111111'Ufi~ !'Ufll~ • vh~1u u~'lll'IR'Hu1om111'hm~~~'ll1iim111Hfl'liuim:::~utl1unm~~:::'llw111ill~mi"6~llll~finn •

I =d .J~ 'JII:: Qll ...

111f1Ufi !'111U\lfi~llllflfi111fi1111fifi!l1 'U'IIll~fi'Uill~ 'II ~!U 'UH<l\l:::'l'lll'U 11 lJ fifi<l'U 'Ut1V111 Ufi 1'U 1111 , •

lJ1 ~ ff1'U 'II ll~ ll~fl fll1 i lJ hi 11!l11i' U'll ~1111fi U~ ~::; !H ll f1 i' U! ll vn::; fi 1 U 111111 ~ !lm ~ n fij!1'U 11li fl'IJ ll~ " ' ::

ll~fl m~ tmu u

2.2 H<l iuR'1umn~llll~.rm~ m~tfl11m111Hn'liutl'lu~ ~~m~tll1 i ~ irit'l'ln:::H<J • ' ' .

i'h i ~ 'llll~ll~.r n1 ~ 111 n ~, nr1 1111 <iill ff'fivu<J:::m111i' u flfi 'lfllu~ lll1 u 1il 'II ll~'IJfl <11m ~~u u H<l~'llll~

fi1111~n'liu~llll~firmfill m~'I1H1'U i m :::11:::11111 m~ ~1nfinnmllllfl m~ ttl~11u~1u tm:::tl'lu

.; .! ii • v fll~!'l'l11fi1111'1'1~'1'1ll ~ 'Uf11~'1'1H1'Ufi111

2.3 H<l i u R'1u<Ju~ll1Jfifi<l m~ufi1111r;jfl'li'U i u~::;~uU1'Ufl<l1~ 'lll,R'iiH<J~~ll

1Jfifi<l!ll11ll i tl t'l'l~ 1!::ljfifi <1~ ill i .ii H' m1mhfl''l!uriu 111~Ht l'lmiu ~uu m ll1~tl'lu t'l'ln::: ll1 ~~::; ~ll~tl~ :::llunufl 11u riTih i u nn ~~ ll'U 1'1 1u ti~ tm :::m111 i uu tiu ll'U i u m ~ '11 H 1u i u ~llfi ~:::'111tfifi ,

• m111ihmn i ~ iunnllr,~m111Hn'liu'llll~"um~ iutnfi~u •

Gf!/ I./ 'j/ 4 "QI" 14, 2.4 H<l &'Ufi1'U<llJfilllNfifll1 !~1'1Jll~lllll'U111~H11fl~::;l!l~'llllfi1111l11111ll 'Uflll

tli]u~~1'U U~1Jfifi<l~Ufi111J~f1W'U ~llll~flfll1 iut~IJ~ 'if n~::; ~ 10filJ 'I'IU1'1'1 i 'Ufll1ll1~ 1'U 'IJ(H . ' .. 'U!ll ~ <l~, tl R' 111 ~ ~ u 'U ~ 1 'il!::! i'i llm::; wi H fi1111 <Jill fffi 6~ llll~ flflll nu m 111 i' lJ Hfi 'lflllJ~ !Jff ~fi 11

u u 1 r1 u ~ ii fi 11u Hnn u ~::: ~ u tJ, u n m ~ ll1 'i) ~ a~ti'i ll n m1u i' u Hfi 'lf!J u ~ ll ff' ~ fi 11 •



51

,/ I d .d !Nfl fll~UOl~l~:IJl'l

3.3 r-m h1~ Tt.Jllu.i m.Jflflll ml:IJf;!flTill hm:.lu!J ~m~ll'lum~~1t'\'~m1JJti'11111! 1

~ "'i G! ..., o 1 'JI 'JI.:!il dl .... 1 .d 'JI .t a .,;, '11Hl &tlfllff &l.lfllll'li'lll.I1'11U~Uflflll lll~l'll '11U flflll1 fffl!lfltlfl l.lfllll'l~:::ffn~ffHfl 'Ill !llffl.ltllll.l:::ff ~ • • •

• J} • ' •

1 miil!l'lmh ::: 1o'lfu ;J u m ii ~ ~ 1ii m1:1J f;! nn u.i un~ :IJ 1m:::.! u lJ ~ :IJlfl'l ihrhl'lu v u 11noti o 11 11 All . . ff1:1J n o'li 1A 1~1 Ol-ri ll mi :IJ ,~ l.lll fl ~1 nii1u ~ 1lllhll A 1 f111:1J fl flTil.l, l.ll:::.! u ff ~ ~::: n1ll HJ • • • f11l:IJ ff:IJ"W mf1um UUfl hl'lll::: 11f1lllm ~:1Jll'll1ll10Ufl~fi' flll :IJlfl hJ n1l tlf1f111:1JoUf1lllf~ 1 l.l ;}1~

mou11i'1 fl~11lf1tlff~U f1ll~iif111lJfjflTil.l.ioo~fl'mllMl::RU!J~ irn~:::'ll1f1f111:1Jff:IJfJlll::'l111~

, V It/ I <VI tl ?I 3.4 fill llf11llllU~ oo~11 m1 '111fl11f1ll1m l]:IJ!l'lllll::fjfll'll.lflflfl~fl flll!J ~ ~:::l1J um1

Junoum1:1JOf1'11~u'IJo~u~fl'nn ll'lum'l 1M' o~fl' m1ll1ml~ lYl~1:: 'h.iiinn.l11uull~'l1~ oui' uu~ ~ 1 , ' ~ 9 ,~ ~ d -·~ ~~ ~ ~ •d , .. 9 • f1Hffll~'llfl~tl~flflllllll:::l.l1~m~:IJ 1'11l'll.lff:IJO :IJfllliJ{)Ufl!IUUlfi:IJ'] I:IJ:IJflllffl1~l'll~lllllfl1'11lJ

ull:: 1 u ~ 1ul~ tnt'\' Uf111:1JffJJnu -t 11 All 1m f111:1Jf;!fll1'u 1 u1:::.! U!J ~ m~"l11lil f1m1JJii' flu if ~l :::'11·:h~ to' Sf 0 1

11flf1ll 1v\' 'li~illl'ln::m1:1JfjflTil.l 1 m::.J U!J ~lll~ll'lun-11'119] 1M' 1111llml11 1 uif ~iiNf1flt)'11:1J1tJ!Ill::'llf1.io

~~otinJJM o ..., .ct "">..! 66VJV I dl ,.k """ ffl'l1lUflll.llUlflt!ll::U1~Ul.l (Greenberg and Baron) lflflll111l~flllfll::l'IU'l1~lflf1

~1fl f111:1J 1-1 nnu.i uo~fi' flll ff ~11 ~:: "111 1M' u~ fl' n n 1111 n.i1~ ~ 1flf1l.l ~ij f111:1J flflTil.l.i o o ~fi' flll ,roo • • • ~ 4 'JI 'JI I '11 ~ ~ 1fl flll i'lfl11lfll.l 1111 Yl u 11

f1ll~iim1:1Jflfl-Yiuiiuu11 ti'JJ 1 unmu~ol.l~1l.l'l1~ fllll!lflflff ~ • • 2. f111:1J fj nnu.i fl!l~flfln lim1:1Jl~ o1nu t'\'m :::.1 um1:1Jl~ :IJ 1 ~ 1 u flll mi~ ilulm::ml

.<::1. I 4 .d.ct <V I <f "" 0 ~ ./ I ..; 0 I

lfftlffll:: flll11f1fl fll.ll1:1Jf111:1Jflfll'll.l~ flfl~flflll ff ~ :IJfl~::l'l H1l.lll'lfl!l~f1 flll lJ1flfl11l'lll::l'l H1l.lflt11~ • •

66 Jerale Greemberg and Robert A. Baron, Behavior in Organization, 4"' ed. (New York :

Simon & Schuster, 1993 ), 176-177.



52

<1.1 t t/ .:t I "" j./ I .<!1 I

3. fl11l.JfJfll'l'U~tltHflflU l.JHll'l'll~'U1fl~tl~1'1,1flfl<Htl~ Ul.J11tl1~~::~1"1U.Itl'U11f111l.J

HflTI 'U ~ tltl~rl fll'l ~:;ll~H1ll1~ ti'lu ff1'Uif 1'1! tl~'U f1 tllHl ~ 1 tJ u~ iJ~1'U 1 ~ !JVl'U l1f1'U~ii f1111JHflTI 'U~V . ' . v~fimnr ~ll'fl~::tl-;::ff'Ufl11l.J!fll~ ~ luv1:JiVlff~ iim1lJff'IJO'Uflln1mu iim1lJff'll 1u:Jl1~u~i1iM

'IJ 'II qo q

v~1u'llw::'l'imu

~1fl'l'i'rru::tm::Hllrmifmn1~v'llv~wfl1'1f1fllmll11Jrl1ll 1~iif111lJfl~tllu~uv~f1n'v~

ilu11m1l!r:J flTI'U ~vv~nfll'l t1'!uil ~ ~ v~ 1hfl'ty~ ~::1111 tl~m1lJl ~ ~ \!!i ~l~ V~'IJV~ tl~rlfll'l tl'ln::trtv

fflJl,;flUfl11lJ { l1tl~rl flu iim1lJlllJ 11JU<J:; iJ fl11lJ!Ylfl ty~ tlfflJ 1,;fl fflJl,;flii 'l11J i ~ iJ ti 1~V'UU l'lll

ff1lJl'l mi v~~ fi'lV'Ufli' 1 i~ mimtufi~ fflJ1,;fl~ ~iif111l.J9i'v~fll'l ~ ~::miil'Uv~fi fll'l iim1lJ~ 1t1'1u ~ • • 9i'v~mi1 'U tl~ft flU~ tl i tJ U<J::9i' 11Jlll~ Hll~ V~ftflU 1 11'1 Vfllff1'Ufll'l'l'i1~1'U V~ftflU 111' flUfffl'IJl . ' . . . V'U 'j lJUll:: TI I'II'U 1 Ull::'lhm l1 il mi'i vtl 'j:; ff'U il 'Uil tyl11~ ~ r tim 1'1 'U l1 u \1 tyfj w n fflJ 1,;flf11'l ~:; v ~, 'U

v~fi flU~ v, tl ~ 11Jfl11l!{ ffflfJflTI'U'IlV~fflJ1,;fl~ ii ~ vv~fiflu Vi 1111' um~m~ lJ 1 ~~ ~::tli)lliiwu 1~ IIJ:""" ..; Gt" " .<:S """ " 'JI .... :: A I ""~' ..,. ..,. lfl'l'UlJV'UlllJl!JlVlV Ill V~flfll'llJt111lJl~H1Jfll1li'U 1 fl~'U'U ll'lVt111l.JIJ'lV.-t f111lJlJu'l::ffl'llifilVl

u •

ll~ Vfll'l il.it~VlJfflll!J fll'l i!tJ-; ::itl'lii fill'l'IJV~v~fi fll'l f111l!{ f111lJloiJ111J 1 'Ul~ V~'IJV~f111l.J r;jflTI'U ~~

~ 1t1'1uvdHt~~~!.l1 1uv~fim-; 9i'v~~'l ::Mil mm:;-; ::i'i flO~VQlffl.JV '111'11 1vd1~ h ~~~::ff1lJU !lffr H

.. • ~ ~ ~9v~.f9 • ~ 9 ' ll'l Vff ~lff'l lJ'l::fi 'Uf1111JHfl'l'l'U 1 l!lflfl'IJ'U I'Ulll.J ff1J1'1fflfil!J I 'UV~tlfll'l • •

1 HI~ vuu1ii.-t1~ 1lum~.-.~~~u~1 HI~ vu ·'flm1.-tv1~1'l u" 11'luf1f~uml u tl-;::mrr , • • ' )I •

il'lv w h~1liv~1~flvmu luf1uvwi'iv1un 12 'Jlllt11J 'l'l.rr. 2435 m'JH<ln~lt1'lu9i'v~IPi~nh~ .: d d i 'j/.<::1 "" ~ 'JI'J).ct .:t ~ .... ~ .... mv~l.-tfl m'l'ln::~:: fill h mvu i1 mr:JI'l vu lu h~l'l IJ'UHflll.-ttn~1'l v t~flll.-t~1'Uf1'i;67

• • ~vmvfl 40 1l fiv1u1l 'l'l.ff. 2475 i~iiflU~flif~ h~ilvumii~vfl Jmi~ {/v11

h~I~IJ'Utl'l::!l1l1.-tlh'h tvN ~~11'Ju h~I~IJ'UHflll.-tffV'U li~VHfl'llf1~1'U'IJV~UH'Ufl1'1f1t1'lfflff~l •

,K1<l~mw1lm1l'ltm1v ~vmM81vm~~~ff'U11lnmmi~'lf1~ tm::1tl~vu~m1'lu h~~~vull'lioll Mv1~ 'l'i1MU'1~11'lu h ~~~ ou HflffV'U'IlV~UH'UflHmifltl'l iutl-;:; 1ot1ll'tw1l 1 utlw::liflmff1ff~{ •

<I -' ""' """} .<:S "" ""i:ilo 'JI.d "'t .cl 4 Ull::tl~ff1ffm ~K1~Nfl'lW1Jl111l'l01lltl 1 Hl'lO'UlJ1itll.Jl!V1~ .-tl'llli'U1l'l'IJV~ 1 Hl'l!J'U~'Um Vl.ff.

2487 ~~ i~n'1lliifl i tl u<J::Itl~ou; tlnum11'lu 1 HI~ vu1~~ !J1JQ.-t1lfffl'l-llll'li~~K1Mmw

.,, """" """1.::1""". """ """4 Wt;)'l!J ff'Ulll'l~'U," Hl'lti'Uffl'!i~: 'j.-t~~l11J10 'Ul'l'Ull'lU<l::l'lffl'lW', ff11i~fffl111,

(2536), :4-5.



53

v.d ~ ""' .Q. unu lnuazfl11 ::'1'1'111 n'll fl~ 11 ~ 111'.1'11lllli g)

ll tlfll11 {j tl~lflfl11 uau~l1U l~llll f) 1 ll !lll:: ~!l'lu11 ~11 Vll flll '1$1 110!1111~ Vll !111

. . !OV1nU h~!~Vlll'l'lnR 1$lmh1~~1J'I1Ul'l'l'lleH h~!~Vllll'lnR ~~U

i~m ff~rrthu mil1~~ U'l'lUlfl'lltJ~ h~~~vulnnR·:huonmuo~lflfl111~vtmn 4 ~ 7J .d .... 1 ~ _, v 1 .<:t ..,. .... 0 'JI .J.A 4 _,

l'ftlll 'lf~IU'Ul1\J1'11l1llfl'lltl~ 1 Hl1 Vll'IJflll1Zifi'I1Ull1 1 H11 Vlll'f11i91V~flll1\J1'11tlll '1 'lf~ll1ZlJ1ll

11'i'11'lu 4 tl1::nnri'1vnu tio

1. m1Hfll'fflu~~~l'luHul~~ihni~uw!~lJ h~~~oul'flnR •

2. m1l'flnRm1l'fou'li~uril!m~vu fl1 u!lzm~ln h~~~vunnlJ.-.1 • • ~ ' .. 1 Ycv e::t .., tl .c:t I I 1

3. fl11l'f~lfl91fl11flll'ftlllfltl l1'UflllV'U fl1 l'f~lfl9lfl11flll'f6llUllZlJl'f1ll11lJ ll • n~fl11lJ'II6~ h ~~~V'Ul'flnRUl~U1Zifi'l'l ~~~::!l'lutl1:: LV'IfUW6flm~Vllfll1l'ftlll

4. flll'l'l.-.!la~u!l::i~v '11.-.!lo~illl'fau 'l'lflll6~Hll'n!Jm i~miiv1nuilll'fau i~v

~~tnnmrll'nlJR1U!lzgu '1 ~~~v1'1i'a~nu h~1~ou69

1-m,po iYumf..U' mirr:h 11~crvumn..ii1J'111J1'1111llzm1mU'lliHmm.hzm1$11Vii'utia'•

1. l'fmu'tlnuau~~lllfl~

2. l'flnRfll1fffllllU'Il11m.i

3. tlmiJuuu1ti.-. 1m.i

4. umi~'l'l.-.!l6~'11Hfll1ffmn

5. l'fmuui~VUllZ'Iiiillll . " . 6. 1111ll~'116l;JllllllZiflVUVI1

7. nnhi'm1timJ1

1 ""' .Q. ..,. ~ 6\Jlfl91'116~ &HIWUl'flliR" l'flliRfffllll, (2536), :199.

69 .Q..Q. """ " , ..,. d .d .... ,. """ ""' rldl 1~911 ff1l'f61'U, "'II!Jfl.-.ll1lllflV1fl1J &HilVlll'flliR", ffllVfffllll, (2511),: 16-19.

,., ,/..,. <U .I ,. Q .Q. I """ A~

'YI'IJlV l'fllllllRll, "&HI1Vlll'f11i91: ~"1!~l1lJ101J'I'lU1'11UllZflff'11W' l'flliRMfllll,

(2536),: 6-12.



54

unmnun::nu::Mti1~'11V~ h~t1owll'1iifl~~nlin ~::rilw "l~i1 h~t1vwll'1iimi'v~

i'um~:: l wm~~~~::uum~ 1ln~1w l ,r !l'Vf!flliv~nurthmnv'llv~m1 Hn~u wcfi~fl~ 'IIV~!l'muw un::

m1•hn1 w~1w mh~ii fl11lJ!l'::~1m m::flliv~~h 9l~v1~!l'1 uunmnun:::m~ ::M ti 1~'11V~ 1 ~ ~~1 ow ll'1ii ~ '

~ ~ ~ ~

ff1 !l' ~ ~ lJ l111'11 0 1<li!U <l:: !l' ~ fllJ

2. ll'1ii~tm::tHouvdrmilrnnumlm.i~1lJm~t~1tyt~u 1fl'llv~m~ilmn

3. umiiwuw1fi~ lm.ilM!l'V~flliv~nu!l'flTrtff~fllJ ~no ' 4 4 ..., ""' Q

4. Ul!M'Ilfl<l6~'11Nfll'iffnllll'I'IV'I'ti'IIW11'lf1'1frtfll

5. tl'l 'IJ !l' mu 'IJ 1 ~ ou <l::: 'li I'll 'IJ 1!~ v mr 1J ll'l! 'IJ ~:: 1J 1J m ~ ilmn

"''" ' ~""'-·~ ,, .. ~ 6. lU'IJUll <l~'IIVIJ<lll<l:::!HO!l'l't1H<l~1'1J ! ll!U'IJ ll~::; tO'lf'IJ f!Vnl~ ffflll1U'cl::: !l' ~fllJ

~" ""! ' ... ~ "~ " 7. t l1 m~ nnmunwn'lf'IJfl1lJtllllllJlll'IIV~m~vt I'II'IJ 1tflfl t 'IJ "11 n~1'1J

' Sl -=t ~ ..,. "" unu 1 nul:!::: il11 :::'llll1fl'll tHtllill':i£11 ~ ~ 1~uu tn li fl

1 ~ ~11 O'IJ mil ~d'l'IJ Mti 11J~ 1'1J l1 d ~ l 'IJ lJm1no1ti o ~ ~J mm u 61 ~ ~11 O'IJ !l'1n fl;~11'l'IJ .:: " .,.. ~ ""' " ""'""' <V .<9 4 " 4 m tlH 1~ O!l'V'IJ 'IJ fll ~ O'IJ !l'11i fl U <1::: Vl~ 1~ O!l'V'IJ 'IJ !l'f! 'IJ flffflllll 'IJ fl\11 :::ffflll1ff1 ll'fl1 U'cl:::/ll ~ Vfl\11::;

fll ff1!l'fllDfl~11l ;~lin u il ~mlJ~vril'll 'llflfiv ll'V'IJ ~un il ifmr nilnmwl'llffnnu !l'tl'IJ 1~oun::: . ' uvi~ll'hn ~~'li''llm~ l~nm!Yv'IJ;~ui'lnri1~~1nm~1~ol'1J 11~i$o'IJ't111u

• .... ... ..... Ill 'jl .:t 'jl <:S

1.2 ~U<l'IJfll~ O'IJm ! '1Jl!V~I10'1JII'ci:::'1Jtlfll!V~I~IJ'IJ •

1.3 ~flil~nn lJU m1 O'IJ if~ l 'IJ Mtin!l'fl~ 1m:::1 ll'1lJMtifl!l'fl~ • •

I 'JI Q I

1.4 IHIJU'I'I~fl11lJl'llN1'lf1fll1Ufl'lflJ'lf'IJ . '

' ~ ~ ~11'1Mfll\lllJl111'11V1<ltl, (2536), :133-142.



55

., v.J. , ..... 11 4'41v""' "" • 2.1 IJ'If'W1fi~Ul1Ul1:::1llt'JVHJ~~~ l:::ffllf11HU!'I'Ill 'lflfl~Hn~~11Jf1111J!,j~'IIIJ1t'J

2.2 ~un un:::1H't'huu:::ll1 miNmh:::rrunnw1'111'1i'l'l •

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"''.. ..,...,q," , 0 "'"" ......... 0

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II 'i 111 1"86

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" Elwood F. Holton and Bogdan Yamkovenko, "Strategic Intellectual Capital

Development: A Defining Paradigm for HRD? ," Human Resource Development Review 7,3

(2008) : 270-29 L



65

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Managerial Efficacy in Recruiting and Retaining Teachers National Implications Hl'1nn1~v 'YllJ'h

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lflll1flt

89Ho Choi-Wa Dora, "Human Resource Management in Hong Kong Preschools: The

Impact of Falling Rolls on Staffing" International Journal of Educational Management 23,3

(2009): 217-226.

90William Allan et al., "Human Resource Management: Managerial Efficacy in

Recruiting and Retaining Teachers National Implications" Campus-Wide Information Systems

26,3 (2009): 201-231.



66

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70

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• un::m; lli Hlll'll::u lllfl'I'IUml'll iti' nn ffl'l111Ylff'llfl~'IJ!H'I'IU m1u nn 'Nnumll >ttlVflYi~m;

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5. 'lH1tllltl::l'I'VI1iu'l:: IJ'II'Il (X5) flU lUIIUUUtl:;11ifll'l'l1l~l'll 'llfll'i 'll'ilntllltl::

rrirr~nl'i ~V~flfll'll'l'llJl'lO l!i'un'I'IUml'll ~ti' ril>tUUIIVI'Il~~ ifliJflHUtl:: iM~VlJ fil'i iti'i'u . . I I a.t od.CV .<!1 4 <V <vi

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l~'llUl'lll'lJ fl111Jtl1J'Ii'llli"i::w:h~'llliJ~l~01l'iJfi~l~ fitj'I11JliJIIH~l'll lltl::f1l'llli)'IJ'~>tl1J~'Il>IV'Ili;;U Ql "' CV cfd.<:t I 'J/ Q.l 'JI 'l n11 1 m1:u l'l'lJ'I'I'Illi Vlfl 'i ::'1111~ 'llliJ~ 1~ n 11'\J n 11 H

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.... )14 • 4 .... .d I. fi111Jt;!fi'l'l'llVIl~fl111Jll'l'fl (affecttve commitment) (Y1) '111JliJO~fl111J~n'l'l'll'l'l

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.... 1 4 4 ... .ct.

2. fi111JHfi'l'l'lliiUU>IVI'IlV~ (continuance commitment) (Y2

) '111JlVO~fi111JHfi'l'l'llVI • • IOI'llllfifi111J~mh~ ~ti'11'1u rrm;/n'llv~v~fl'nn m; iti'1u.ilii'I1U~~"l~~'ll m'l ~ti'1'u1~'WIRV'Il . .

Ql ""' od..::l ""> <V I Ql

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71

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. . m'1o-:tuom..rlunTi1;lu

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UUtJ mJ~8!lmilu 3 fl!l'IJ >lO<l::;!VVfiR~.i!l i uil

fi8'1J~ 1 fflltJmmXo1nu<rnnnhu~1'1lll~ ~fllltllltltlfflltl mu l 'WI~ ll~ I'Yiff lllQ

:.-::R'um:.-timn >'ilu'llU~'V1H1'1!'1m> •hlmu~11~1~ un::u:.-::<runmuluol1u11'1i~ ihinllw::

!l'I'Ulltltl0111'1Jfl i ih1'1iilln (Forced Choice)

fl8u~ 2 <rllumtnXo1fium:.-u1m:.-Yli'l'tmmu'llllo 5 u:.-::mn ioi8 o m:.-~fluuu'llll~ !l-:tti'rm ~l'IJ1'1J 11 .u'!l 2) m>~fi1111Jflfl<~~.u'1'11Hl'IJ ~l'IJ1'1J 3 .u'!l 3) m:.-u111nAnrmufiu~-:tl'IJ o v ~ (II o v ...., ..,. ..,.~I i ' • ~ ~l'IJ1'1J 7 'll!l 4) nl!Hil8tlllJ!l<l::;flljl'tiiJ'IJ1 ~l'IJ1'1J 4 '118 5)!H1<lll<l::ff'V11i1Jl::; ti'I!"'J ~l'IJ1'1J 8 'llll

fl!l'IJ~ 3 fflltJmmXtnfiu~uuuumllJijll'limillll~Hnn 3 lUlltJtJ fl!l I) fl11lJ

"" v~ o y .., , 4 o v ljlll't'IJ'V1Hfi111J,ffll ~l'IJ1'1J 8 '118 2) f1111J~Ill't'Ulltltlfltll'IJ!l'l ~l'IJ1'1J 5 'llll

3) mlu~n'liu~!iluu'li<rmu ~l'IJ1'1J 5 .u'!l

1inlJ!l!::;UtJtlfflltJmll i~flll'IJ~ 2 un::;ftll'IJ~ 3 !ii'Wlltltlfflltlillll'I!'URIJlflllff1'1J

U>::IJl!l!fllflllJ!l'U1flR'Il!l'l inm!l{'Vl (Likert's five rnting scale)' iflo~1~oMfi111'1JRfllft::;u'IJ'IJ!ilu 5 Q,l ..k ~ .., J

>::;fltJ 'l!'llJf1111J11lJl(Jfi'I'IJ

:.-::;R'u 5 11moo-:t mm1111>'Vli' l'tOllllll'lj ll011l Ill uuuum1u~n'liu.i llll-:tftm> ll~l u ::fltJ1llll'Vll!Rllfl11'111ntJ 5 n:::uuu

:.-::~ tJ 4 11moo" mm111n'V11l'tolmll'Wll011l m uuuumll!Ail'liu.i 8!l-:tflfll> lllil u q • • •

.... ~I I ....

:.-::RtJlllfl lJfll!'l'lllltJ 4 n::uuu

;::;R'u 3 11mvo~ mm1111>'Vli'l'tVllllll'ljll011l8lUlltJtJfl11lJ~n'liu.i !l!l-:tftfll> ll~lu

:.-::R'u Ul'Uil<ll-:tjjril!vhfiu 3 n::uuu

:.-:::R'u 2 'lllJloo~ mm1111>'Vli'l'tVlmll'ljll011l Ill uuuumllJ~n'liu.i 88~flm> ll~l u



72

" 4 4 1111 tJ1Hifl1tH'IJ!l • • )I )I

m~o ,~ff~ l~lfl~ 6~i'i6Yi1f! '1Jill11~11 Li'luuuuff6ll011J 1-.aiii'llfi6'1J~~.i6 hlii • . . ..oi <:t ""' Ql o Ql <!I QQI -=t.ct I <:t 'JI

1. fffllll'll\]ll{) U'll1flfl '11l'1fllll1 ~lflfll11 '11mff6 mnn-11 ~l'll111V '111Jff1'1llf1V1'116~

n llf111ll 'i '1111'111 'l'llllf111J'Ij l!V ~ff1J'Ii'll £ tiu l UUllllfl111JfJfl'li 'IJ .i 66~tl nn ~~ miluuu 1'111~ iu f111

~

ff1l~Ullllff6ll011J . ~ d, ~ .. _, .. . "' 1 ~ .. .. 2. 'IJ 1'1161Jl'1'11 fllllflf111fffllll1Jlll1:::1J1l'1 t'l'l6fll'I1'1Jfii1J'IJ fl1~ff11~'116~1fi16~1J6Ul'1::: • • • •

'1161Jt'llfi!U6'111 iu'l'lq&innuliiimnh'li fll1JU'IJ1flfl'll6~ tll6{m&iu ( Bernadine) 1fl'll'll6t'huu:::'lll

"'JI ""' .... " lllf16lllno~JmllfJU1'VI!Jl'll'l'l'llli

• • ,.. ... .... _, Ql 0 <:t ,

3. ff1l~U llllff6ll011Jfll1J'II6llt'llfi'II6~'1J IJ11Jfi1Ull 1 Ill fl'IJ 'IJ 'IJ 111 llll ff6ll 011J'I1 ff1l~lff'IJ 6

0 d Ql 'JI 'JI.d I .s tf

4. u 1U1lllff6ll011J'I1U1llU~ ~Ul'11tff'll61;jt'IW1'lll'l! 5 mu t'l'l6'116fi111J6'1jtml:::ll • • .. 2 41 ~~ ~

fl111lff61Jf1111JfiH'II6~1'1J6'11lffn::: (content validity) Ul'l:::flllll'VI 'llfl1t:JI'I'Ifl'llfl IOC (Index of

"Wt'JI• .... .:::1 <jl .... tl .X """ .... Item Objective Congruence) lflfllfl'li'IJfl111Jff6flfll'16~flll~fiU1:::ff~flltl'1:::1'1J6lll'II6Hl'IJ1~1J

• 'll1u1lli'uu~ ~ut\"''lliinfli' ~

. . . 5. UlU1Jllff6ll011J1unfll'16~1~ (try out) rn6'11lf1111Jt:jl6iJu (reliability) '116~

uuun-6umU1Jflmm~,tii'lin~u~1mh~~l'll1'1l 30 'iltiu ~11~t'1V'Ilmil>~mi~ullnnur.lmnllfl1fflfffl{ lll~I'II'IJ

6. 'll1uuun-6umu~ M l'ufiumt11u 1w '11lf1111Jt~mrt.I'IJ6~uuun-6umu 1-.v'll1

Ull1Jff61Jill1J 1Jlfl11~ 1M m: U'IJ'IJ fll1Jfl{)lflill '"~ n l'll'llfl, ·n ~f111lllfl lf1111Jt~mr 'IJ 1 flll'lllfl 1 .. . ' "

ff1JU1:::i1nll U6l'1'1'h ( Coefficient) 1-.a1im1'116~m6'1llllfl (Cronbach)3 Mtilfl111Jt:j/6iJ'IJ'Ii~

'iltiurvhtiu .972

, 2539), 201.

3 Lee J. Cronbach, Essentials ofPsychologicaling. 3"' ed. Ed. (NewYork:Harper&Row

Publisher, 1974), 161.



73

• • 1um·n~m1u-J11J~V\Jll ~1~vi~~hruunmmJ'Iiu~uu~~~u iuii

1. ~1~vvhm.i~ifuo~tlruu~uruoi1~1nvll1'o mn1nml1'vfillulm ~~mimu~ifu'Uo m11J'i 11Jli v tlli::'Utltl111l'i 11Jii o~lfl'IJ tllllm~ 11'1 u n~ 1J911mh~ 1 -t1 tl111Jtl'ljltl~ 1::'11' ~ OllllllUiYOlllll1J

-~ ~ i-' . " ~ ~ 2. ~1~Vl"'U 'l'lH ull' ~llllllli'OlJ!ll1Jllll::lfilJ'Utl\jllt11VOI'Ultl~

..,.. .tv '"" r!v fll'illfl11::'1'i'U61Jt'lllt'l:::l<r'lltlflt'lfl1111fl11:::'1'i'UtllJtl

m11~o 1 utlf ~if nll1'Utl 1 -ti1Jtllllm h ~~~ vua1n" 1ui'U>~~~l11tlumuJ1l 11'lumi1o

~ o' .Q q .... .1 1lfl1l::l1 (unit of analysis) 1J11Vll:::ltlotl"~'U

o' Yo""' <I I . 01 11 ~ 'iY Oll tnllJ li'1J \J 1 Ill 'U 6 ~Ill! lJ li'Oll !ll1J 11!11 'U 11J 111 tl 11::: l1

2. ~h,iJum11tfln:::'!i'1tJv1.flumm1llilt~~1u •

I .Q I )/

tlltl111Jil (f) llll::tll160ll:: (%)

2. fll1lltl1l::H1::~unnujm1'11lVWlm1l'ljllOIIll::lullulltl1llJfjll~'U~oo~fi'nn

1"u1-NfilU'IIW1llli'UtlW>I (X) llll::ff1lllflv~llllllJ1>11Jlll (S.D.)

Q t/ I Q,l Ql <I 0 Q .... ""' Ql

3. fll1"Jltl1l:::l1l1ltllt11llJ'iY1J'I'I'Uii1:::l11l~fll1U'll111'111'1'1Vlm1J'ljllVfl1Jtl"JllJ~fl'I'I'U

~66~flfl111"ol1lfhff1JU1::ifnfll'l1ff1J~'Un (r,,) 'UO~lrlvf-.fu (Pearson's Product Moment

Correlation)

lum11tfln:::'li'mm~m1ni'wvlm1lullo numllJHn~u~oo~fi'nwuo~tl' l"mh • • •

fi1111 ~o'UO~tl:::ll'll'U ~ i ~ ~1n n n >~Vulluu li'Vulll1J i u 1nou numru '11>~111 11 u 1fi" 'UV~lull'n (Best) .J I ?I Ql Q .<::1. ,._,f 'l!'~llmuumuu 5 1:::"u 1lnvll::mv""~u

fi1mlio 4.50-5.00 Mmvo~ mm~m1nfwvlm1l'ljllO/~UIIlllltnl1l~fl~'IJ~6

6~flm1v~lm::~u1Jlfl~llt1

flllllHV 3.50-4.49 l11llvo~ fl11ll~l111'11l'I'IVlf111l'ljllO/~UIIlllltl111lFJfl~'IJ.io

tl~flfll16~l'IJ1::~ll1Jlfl



74

!l~flOl'l !l~i 1J 1 ::iiimJ 11J 0!1 H

tilm~v 1.50-2.49 11mvii~ nlnJ~I111'1'1i''VIVlmll1J'IJU/nJmnltl1111HOn1JR!l • • •

• • • m11~vt11'~il M~!JU1::ff~fll'rhl'l'lnu I) mnJ~I111'1'11''Vlvlm11lj'IJV'Il!l~ h~1~vu

<nil~ '1 w '11~~~11i~u m U!11 2) 'j;Ull'UtJtl1111~n'liuR!l!l~fl nwutH1.Jt1l1lm h ~~~ vu fflii~ '1 u

~ ~111rrw m u j! 11 3) tl1111 ff11n mr 1 ::11 il~ 01 m~ 11 n '1'11 'VI Vlm 11\j'IJ v OU1, UIIUU tl1111 ~nn1JR !l

' 1 d q '1 ~ ~ _, 1 '1 ""i "" • "' !l~t10WIItH'ljtll1101 HIHJ1Jfflli~ 1J~~I11fl1Jtl1Ui!ll flO 'If~ 11'116l;Jl1 ~11J11J 79 tl1J IU1J

• q '

111J1V1ltl11::11 (unit of analysis)

"" ., ""' " ..,. ~I ..... ' " '1'11'VIV1011Jlj'IJO ~11Jll1J1tltl'll!l~ IU!l11Jlfl1J ( Bernadine) lll1::tullUUt11111~0'Vl1J~!l!l~t1011

~111111J1flf1'116~t1!ll1t11'1'1 ~UlVU lll1::11ffff1J (Colquitt,Lepine and Wesson) ffO~~i~iunn A .''J} .<!! d I 'j} I Q.l ""> ""> I .,;

1lt111::11'1J!ll;jl1t1!lnl1ll~Oll~~tl11111l (f) tll1!lUl1:: (%) t1111'lfW1Jll1'1ltlW~ (X) ff1'1HUV~IU1J

111~1jl1J (S.D.) lll1::til!i'lJU1::ff'l'liffl1ffmiu£ (r ) 'IJ!l~lrlvfff'u (Pearson's product-moment ,, correlation coefficient)



.. unn 4

4 ' UllilWJifl11~11

tm 1~ 01~ tH " tm u l1117 n i'vtolflHJ'IjllVtiu; tluuun111J I;Jill~\J9iaa~fl'm7 'lltl Hjfllllm 1 u

i 1 ~~~ OlJ!Yllll'l1u ~~'11-'i'illu mtlj IJ " 1~a1 M'11'lu 1 'llillliJ1mjtl7~lY~fl'ull::i'ltJUfhmiJ'IItl~fl171~u

l~tl~rl' m~oM71lJ711J.u'tliJll~lflHUl'l111 h~l~t'l\1 H'lhOHUl1111 h~I~IJlJ M111Ulflli1J!Yl7::tm 'II 'Ill,. 'Uqj 'I

.::t jl r/'jl "" 0 i 17UlJI tll~1101;jfftllJ llll~tJfllllm!YlO!YlJU!Y'IjlJ ~llJ1lJ 90 fllJ i'IOfl1111UfllllJU!YtllJOliJ 90

uuu llll::1.i'iufiu 79 uuu ftil111'lu 87.7% U11Jlllfln:a1il'lo1'*itlmm1Jlhi~ultl11ll~Ull!YlJtl

l'lllfl1711fln:a1 il'lol'*m:mtl7~fltlUfl17m71llll ~llllJm1'lu 4 i'ltllJ fia

_.d I "" !JI i'ltllJ\1 I !YilllJllll'f!Y1lJi'I1'1Jtl~l;ji'ltllJIIUU!YtllJU11J

l'ltllJ~ 2 il11Ull117ni'wmmiJ'IjllV'IItl~ h~1~1JlJ

i'ltllJ~ 3 Itluuu f1111JI;jflWtJWtltl~fl'on'llu~1Jfllllmlu h~1~1JlJ illtllJ~ 4 fi111JffiJWlJ n 1 ~'1111~ on u l '1111 ni wolm IJ'Ij ll vtiul tluummiJ~;JilWlJ 9i u

u~fion'lltl~1Jfllllfl17 i 1 ~~~lllJ!Yliil'l lu~~'l11flumtlj1J

. ... ' 'U v

fii'I'U\1 1 ll"tll'U.ill'I'IU1'Ufi1'Utl~'Jfll'llJIIUUUtlUtiUJ

i "" "" jl • rljl QJ """

HIHJlJ '111'11lJlfllliJ!Yl1~ 61UlliJH!YUlJIIll~lJfllllfll1!Ylt'lfflJU!YlJlJ 711J 79 tllJ llt'lfll'IUlHlll .. ... q ..

OliJ ll'ffl UliJ 7~~mmfffllll .llumi~il~~UlJIIll~tl7~!Yum7w1uowrh~llJ Ult!Yuu il'lol'* I _.d ljl .::t .J

fllt1111Jt:l (frequency) t11760ll~ (%) 710ll::IUOfl i'I17N\1 2



l:rtll'IUll'l'l

I t'Vtff

2

3

111J

mu • ~1fl'h 30 11 30-40 11

41-50 11

IJ 1 mr:h 5 1 11

111J

111'1!'1!1>~1

Ul'lJ'lJ1 in

~~ninll'lJ'lJ1 in

~. ' FJ'II1tlff1ff>t11~ n tJ

' 61~11(1

hh:::1J

n!J

;innu

18

61

79

4

30

23

22

79

24

51

4

79

22

50

7

79

22.78

77.22

100.0

5.06

37.97

29.11

27.86

100.0

30.40

64.55

5.05

100.0

27.84

63.29

8.87

100.0

76



~ ' mn~'l'l 3 (91ll)

.. '1'1

5

i:rtllll.fll'l'l

0 I i/ <:l

>lli1'11'1N'I1111'1'1

y lJ fllll m ff1 o ~j!lll'IJ

lJ fllll m ff1 o ffiJ u fflj u

11lJ

6 th::: ff'IJ fll nui 'IJ " 111 ml ~

'll!tnu 5 TI

6-10 TI

11-15 TI •

16u ;lu'ltl

111J

;i1111'11

8

64

7

79

II

10

19

39

79

10.12

81.01

8.87

100.0

13.92

12.66

24.05

49.37

100.0

77

~1fl9lm~~ 3 vnril ~,r.,rll!Jll ~111111 79 fi'IJ -.huimytll'lll'l'lffm\l~~1'1J1'1J 61

fi'IJ flfltllu!mm::: 77.22 tll'llt'l'lff'lf10~1'1J1'1J 18 fi'IJ flfltllu!l!oll::: 22.78 l!1~.!1w.h 30 TI

~1'1J1'1J 4 fi'IJ flfltllu!t:~oll::: 5.06 ll1~lJ~1:::wil~ 30-40 TI ~1'111\J 30 fi'IJ flfltllu!mm:::

37.97 !ll~lJ~1:::'111H 41-50 TI ~1'1J1'1J 23 fi'IJ flfltllu!t:~oll::: 29.11 lJ1~1J1flfll1 51 TI ~1'1J1'1J 22 fl'll flfltllu!l!oll::: 27.86 ~'Ufll1ffmm:::~m.l1ilJilJ1R~ 24 fi'IJ flfltllu!mm:::

30.40 ~unnfimm:::~ml~umn1'1'1 ~1'1J1'1J 51 fi'IJ flfltllu!mm::: 64.55 ~unnfimmr~n11 . . . 1:::~utl~ilJilJ1l'1'1~1'1J1'1J 4 fi'IJ flfltllu!t:~oll::: 5.05 .!111ml~'I'IH1'1f1fln ~'li1tJff1ffm1~110

.... ?!')/ " .... ?~, 0 ,_a -""?IJI 22 fi'IJ flfiiU'IJ1lJOll::: 27.84lJl~UIJ 50 fl'IJ flfiiU'IJ1!HJll::: 63.29 91111'11\J~ll'IJ'l 7 fi'IJ flfiiU'IJ1lJIJll:::

8.87 R111ml~MU1~tll'll~'IJ~'I1n h~t~vu 8 fi'IJ flfltllu!t:~vll::: 10.12 'IJflll1mff1tJ~ffll'IJ 64 fi'IJ • • • Q "' y ~ Q "' y ~-' 'i flfiiU'IJllJIJll::: 81.01 ljflll1f11ff11Jff'IJ'Ufflj'IJ 7 fi'IJ flfiiU'IJllltJll::: 8.87 !Jul:::ff'Uflll!ll 'IJflll

"111~1w'll!tfiu 5 TI ~1u1w 11 flu fifltllw!llvll::: 13.92 iitll:::ffunmuium1"111~1u 6-10 TI ~1'111\J 10 flW flfltllufllvll::: 12.66 iitll:::ffunnw"I11~1'1J 11-15 TI ~1'1J1'1J 19 fi'IJ flfltllu!mm:::

<:t tlo <:t.J o """?iY 24.05 !Jtl7:::ff'Uflll!li'I'I1~1W 16U'Il'IJitJ ~1'1J1'1J 39 fiWflfiiU'Il1lJtJll::: 49.37



78

1urm11m 1~11 rmu1m~n~'VlVlmllljlHJ'IIlN i ~ ~~1 vu -.nilw 1 u~~l11flumtljll iflv ' - ' ') )1 I ~ I <:\ I ~'1 ~ )1 jl 0 ,.1

l'lfflli\I!W (X) UTI~ll'TUIUV~IU'WlJli'I~J!l'W (S.D.) ~lflfl<jlJf;! !l1'11VlJTI 79 fl'W UTI1'Wl 1J

. ' ~vhlil ~~1uwm~Yi 3

' ' Q I <11 ""' Q I I d I <>.f Q Gl

l'lln~ll 4 flllJ'lliiJIJITI'IIflWI'I tllll'1\JIUV~IU\JlJll'l~i!l\JUTI~flU~flU'IJV~fllm~l11~lll'I'W1m

" .. 'IJ8fl

I

2

3

4

5

llljllO'IIV~ h~11 V\Jll'1ilw 1u~~l11fi\Jfl~tli!lJ ifiVfll'Vl~llJ

(n ~ 79)

~ v ' fll~U~l11~'1l'l'VI!Jlfl'ltl'4'1ltl X S.D.

3.70 0.57 lJlfl

~ " . flWilflllll.jflflTII'IIl'Vl Nl\J 3.73 0.83 lJlfl

3.55 0.71 lJlfl

3.66 0.68 lJlfl

3.52 0.75 lJlfl

3.63 0.61 lJlfl

~1fli'I1~N~ 4 'VlU11 m~u1m~'Vl~'I'IV1mlJ\J'IlO'IJV~ iHI1V\Jll'1ll1'!1\J~~l11fl

umtli!ll iflvm'l'lnllv~1m~~umn ( x ~3.63, S.D.~0.61) 1rlmwnn~1~W1nvr\'1\J'I'IU-:i1v~1u ~~~Ulllfl'ljflr\'1u i~wt1v~ri1li'llwllm'llt1WW ~1flll1fl itlmU'vv 1r\'~~if m~~fll11'1jflflttt,rnh~1\J

( x =3.73, S.D.~ 0.83) m~~flltluuuv~ti'm~ ( x ~3.70, S.D.~ 57) m~tlnvmllun~m~'limm

( x ~3.66 , S.D. ~ 0.68) mm1m~l-lnm~tli}u~~1\J ( x =3.55 , s.D.~0.71) ~1~1'mm:dinil

tl~~ iV'liU (X ~3.52 ,S.D.~0.75)



v .. 'll!l'fl

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

II

79

I I .,;, <II """ d 'JI .<::>. mll1llt1Jtmuu IJ11il:; Jl1ll u11::::; :::1111Jm1mwul!u:; 1V'II vm:; m lll:i

n:i'Vlo1mu'lfWV'IIV~ i:; ~11oull1iilil 1 ui~111'111umtliu ~1um:; i111ltlu1J1J'IIV~v~fi'nu

(n = 79)

~ u ' - S.D. u

m~m'lll~m'YII'lln~ulflll'l X 1::YI1.J

u tl ' ill~lllill U'U'U'IItHtHflill~

h~t~ vuum:;i lil:i:::tiivm1llfl11J, ll imJ~ lJ fllllfl:i 3.57 0.88 IJln d. • 'l'lfifllllJll1\l:i1lJ

' h~t~ouunmllm1uft:;)~11f1m>ull:::t'l'lfl iu i11ti 3.77 0.73 IJln

.iw,mtl:;:::Qn.!Hn1Jm:;tlfiil'9i~1u~1~

i:; ~~~ vuu n 11 11~UHll ~ 1ll'l'11 'Vlt11fl:i IJll 'II if vci 1~ 3.63 0.71 IJln '

tlllJl::: lllJ ,~ ...... , 'JI _....,;, :;~t:;ouum:;~R fl:i~lln~m:;ml11:i'l'ltlllJ1:::llu 3.71 0.78 u1n

i:; ~~~ I'JllU m:; 1m:; 1::: M ~1llttl1:::1HUH'IJ m !l1J 3.57 0.85 u1n

ti111:; 11ii 1u 11'11 ~vci1~mm::: lllJ ~~ lidd lj1J:illl:itt<l:::l.Jflllln:i ll H!:ii'J'IJIJfl111Jll11J1Hl 3.81 0.83 u1n

1unm'h~1utl'lunu

1:; ~~~ ouum:;uv1JlllJ11'J 111'1J mnm mv 1u '

3.92 0.82 IJln

~1tiJunmmil~lilfl'il!

h~t~vuum:;~1~1Jflfllltnouvn lH'~1tiJum:; 2.76 1.13 tl1unm~

tmil~~ 1:; ~~~ outllu·:h 11ili1fl'il!

1:; ~~~ ouu nu i 111'1i 11 tHll ~1u11 fl:i ~m:; ~ ll!llilfl~ v~ 4.16 0.75 IJln .... """ ........ ~

nm llvn fl"'J m:; il ~ 'IIV~umi no1li o

1:;~t~ouunm'hlllllil1J'fi1Jl'fi'HU1~1um:; 3.92 0.84 u1n

tlfiiJ9i~1ll!lciWMiiltllll

h~t~vuunmhMulild.hMu1o'llv~uHu~1u/ 3.95 0.79 l!ln

1m ~m:; lu m:;tlfiil'9i~1llVOH'Miilt~u

nu 3.70 057 u1n



80

u1nm~1~~ 5 vnrh mml'mTI'li''l'wlmiJljEJO'IIll~ 1~~tli'JlJ!flii911u~~~r'lflurmll!IJ ~1u

nn~flltluuuu~ri'm~ 1fll'lm'l'ln1Jug1u~::~1JIJlll ( x ~3.71 , S.D.~.83) titufiul~Wl imlv.u'u'l'lu·:ilugiu

~:::~lJIJlllllll.u' uvm~u.u'u 8 11 ~t'li'JlJiim~~ l~'IJ i'li'l<Jilli'JlJllll 1M' .!1tiJ urmilu~ 1 ~ ~t'l vut'ii ui1 1:U 1:hrl 'l!

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(n ~ 79)

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81

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(n = 79)

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82

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(n ~ 79)

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83

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(n ~ 79)

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84

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(n ~ 79)

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85

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(n = 79)

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(n = 79)

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, , "" ou ~ .... 0 I .... "i od • "" X I , ""'""' I

'Ill 'I'll ~11Jfl111JIJ'Uf1~ ~~t'J~fl~'Yil~l'Utl~flll 1 ~ ~~~ II'UU'Il ~'U ( =3.90,S.D.= 1.11 )!f1'U '116'YI1Jf11

.... Q ""' 0 ""' .o!l , , , ~I ~ I , d= .I IJ'IIWIJ!i1'11f1 w lllll'YI ~fl f16'11U 5 'Ill 'I'll ~lfl~ ~:; u ~ ::!fuu '1!'11111 tl:: f11llJQ~tllfl 'U '11111 '11i1lllu ~:;m~ . -~~Q, ~d,"' tnflfl!f'U ~Utlfl~lfl !HI~ till 'Ufl!l'U'U (X =3.32,S.D.=I.28)



87

~n Hll 13 fhU'IfWlJ!l'I'IJmil ~ fhff1'W l rlo~l1J'W lJl~ll! l'Wl!il::;l ::;~1Jfl1llJflfllit'W 1 tlmJ1J'IJ!Hfl1llJ

Hm1u.immi'ml'IJ!H1Jflillm tl ~11 vmnii~ iui~l11fl'WfllU]lJ ~l'Wfl1llJr;ffl'I1'W~ • •

3

4

5

d'l 'U 11'11 ll'f:ll 'U

I d d fl1llJ ll'llJll 06 t:Jl ~ l ~ lJ'I'I

tl ~ 11 t:J'W un11::; i M'mllJ'lhm l1 ii mll'lJ mi'i6

~lYil ~1tl1 ::;uuuiJ!m

~ d i ~~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ' !Hllt:l'U l1 !6fllll''IJ1VllllllflV'Il'li'Ulfl1llJ16~

lll'lJ6

11lJ

(n ~ 79)

X S.D.

4.00 1.00 lJlfl

4.34 0.67 lJlfl

3.61 1.15

3.99 0.94 lJlfl

4.24 0.82 lJlfl

4.04 0.77 lJlfl

111n~nl~~ 13 Yt1Ji11tluuu fl1llJr;ffl'l1u.immi'nn'IJ6~1Jflilltn tHI~t:J'Wll'lll~ ill

~~ M-'i'fl'W fll Ui! lJ ~ l'U fl1llJ r;f fln'W ~ d'iu 11'11 ll'Ol'U lfl Ofll'I'O 1lJ 6 di 'U l::; ~1JlJ 1 fl

< x =4.04,s.o.~.77 ) lrl6vtllllWll1'lunv~6Yt1Jil ~6~iifhu'lfwlJm'llflW~lJlfl~l!fl f'ifl ~fl 2

1 d ~ ~,. ~ ~ , ~~ ~ ' " ..; - .. ~ Hllt:J'U !l'l !flfllll''IJTI'Uill fll1Jl fl1llJ!l'llJ1l06t:Jl~l~lJ'I1 (X =4.34,8.0.=0.67} lfl~MlJlflfl 'IJfl . - '

, , 0 ..so I 0 Gt ... .<:!; 1 .d. I ,~I I , .cl.ct I

5 'IJ1Vlllllll'l'Ufllll'lJ61n::;m~l'U !'U !HlHJ'Ul!l'I~'U~6 11 (X =4.24,8.0.=0.82 } ll'1'U'IJ6'11lJfll

~ Q ""' 0 <:S 4 'J} "j od. OV Gj V I 4 ..=!i Jl 'JI ~I _M lJ'If\UlJil'1'1Jfl\U~~l'11l!flfl6 'IJ6 3 ! Hll t:l'UlJflll::; ! l1fl1llJ'If1t:lll'I!Wlll'lJtlllJ6'1JlVIl~llll::;ll'1Jlli)Jl11

(X =3.6l,S.O.~l.l5)



88

d "'to 4 CV CV .! r Q U <f<v -• IV

~fl'llfl 4 ll11lltl11:::11tllUJi:IU'I'I'IIli1:::111Hil111l1't'll1fiH't!J1111U'I!11Ufl1llUII1J1ltllUJf::lll'l'l'll

fi oo~t{ tn1'Ufi~1Jtlll1 111 a1i ~ 1u ~ ~11-J R'll tl1 tl:9 u

fl11 ~~ ft'j 1::: M fl11ll ff'mi 'IJ £ 'j::; '11 -il~ n 1 'j lll '111'l '11 f 'Vt V10'l lJ ~11 ifilu I tluu llfl11llf;!O'I1'W

l'immi'nn 'II !H'Ijflnlm -.nil~ i u ~~'111~um tl;tu 1 ~w i -Nff'!Jtl 'l::: fin£ ff'11 ff!J'I1u £ 'llfl~ LViv{ ff'u

(Perason's product moment correlation coefficient)

~1'l NYi 14 fhifutl'l::: ft'l'l if ff'l1lYll'i1'W £ 'll<l~fl11lll '111'l nf 'VtV10'l ll~11 if nul tlu1J1Jfl11llf;!0'!1u9i!l

u~fi'rm'll!l~'IJfllnm 1 'l ~!lV'Wff1ll~ iu ~~'111f1umtlju

PllUt11 Y, Y, Y, Ytot

x, .511 ** .605** .577** .866**

x, .464** .606** .568** .815**

x, .505** .665** .541 ** .884**

x. .565** .682** .574** .804**

x, .489** .663** .541 ** .865**

"'"' .566** .707** .625** .960**

~ 1 fl ~ 1'l 1 ~ ~ 14 II fffl ~ fl111J ff'u'l1 'IJ ll 'l::; w;h ~Ill 'l 1J l '111 'l '11 l 'VtVl O'l lJ ~11 ifi\'11 1 ti111J 1J

fl11ll ~jfl'i1U9i !l!JH)' fll'l 'II !l ~ 'lj flll1 m1 'l ~ll V'll ff1ll ~ i 'll ~ ~ '11lfl 'll fl 'l tljjll t fl Vfl1'Vt 'l 1ll jj

..., .... "'"" • ""' .... 0 .... ""'""' .J. .... ~ d ""' "' J fl11llffll'Vt'll1ifl'll'I11~1J1fl!lVHlJ'IlVff1flqj'l11~ffflfl m:::f11J .01 (r=.960) 'lf~ll'l1Vll:::I!JVflfl~'ll I)

fl1 'j1J 1 '111 'j '11 f 'Vt tn n 'j lJ ~ 11 if$)1 'll Ill 'j ~ fll tlu1J 1J '116~ !l ~ fl fl1 'j jj fl11ll ff'u'l1 'll £ nll 1 tlu1J 1J fl11ll 'Jfl '11 'll

l'iuu~fi' fll'l 1111111'i un1 u~mn~'Ifl (r= .605) 'l u~ ll~ mfiu1 tlu1J1Jf111llf;!fl'l1u9i !l!l~ fi' nn ~ 11'lu

tl'liffmu U1ult1111J1Jfl11ll1Jfl'l1u9i<JtNflfll'l '111~fl111Jfi1niiti1U' uvn·il$11u gu (r=511) 2)fll'l

111m 'l n i' 'Vt v1 m u '411 if~ 1 u m 'l ~ f1 111 'IJ flflllL-11 n11 ~ 1 u ii fl11ll ii'u '11 u £ i\'11 1 tlu11 11 fl11ll 1Jfl'l1 u

1111 11 9i m \1 !l~ m n ~ 'Ifl (r=. 606) 'l u ~ lH mfi !11 tlu11 11 m1u PJ0'11 ul'i u u~ fi' m 'l ~ 11'1 u tl '11 ff m u (r= .568)

Ul'lll ti!!1J1Jfl11ll 'Jfl nul'i !l !l ~fl Ill 'j 'I'll~ fl11 )J r fffl iiri1 ,r !lVfl'"h ~ 1 'll g'll (r= .464) 3) mm1 'lfl'j

'11 l 'Vt tJ1 fl 'l lJ '41l if~ 1 'll fl1 'l 1J 1111 'l Hll fl1 'l tJ ll J!~ ~ 1 'll jj fl11ll ffll '!1u ll i\'11 1 ti111J 1J fl11ll 'J n'!1 'll

1111111'imi1u~mn~<rfl (r= .665) 'l <J~lHmfiu1 tlu1J1Jfl11llf;!fl'l1u9iuu~fi'm'l ~11'lu tl'liffmu(r= .541)



89

-.bu 1 tlu llllfl1lll~Jil'liu~mmi'mnmmluf'ilniitil'll' voni1.i'1u 5u (t=.505) 4) nnul\m

l'I~'Wolmuul!v.i'lum~'tlnvmuum:nwnmuliltnluff'u-n'uni1mtluuufl111JHn'liu~vv~ti'm~ ' . . • A .d ~ " d I ~~· .<!1 Ql .;.. .d.

UlllJYlmUV~IJllll'l"'!fl (t=.582) \ll!l~fllll~IJI11Hf~'ljfl<1lfl7 !lJVmiJ'Hl!l'WI'IIllli'WIJ 1Jfllllfl7~:::1J

:i!& Ql .... " • ..d ..l .<!1 .., • " .d 1111m un Hll'W u nu v~ 11111 ~ u lillY~ m u v~ u 111'111.1 ~ v ~ t1 ~IJ 111 v ~ tlu u 'IJ fl111J Hll'W uY~ v v ~finn l'l

~ ~ ~ ~

t1'1utlliumu(t=.574) ri1ultluuum1u~n-n'u~t\'lutlliumu ilti1'1l' voni1~11.1 5u (t=.541) 5)

~l~imm:::ifl'lntl~::: 1v'lfuilfl1luff'u-n'uni1umlu~n-n'uu'Uu~mdv~mn~-.yfl (t=.582) ~!Ht~~IJl

fivm11J ~n-n'u ~t\'lutlliumu (t= .57 4) ri1u ltl u Ullfl111Jr;jll-n' u ~mmi'm~ l'll~fl111J{ ilnl.i ti 1'1l' vo

' " 4 ""' .... tl <j1 .... ""' ""'-· .,.. """" .... Ql " ll1lfllll!lll (t=.565) 5) lll~m'I11Hl~'WtJlllliJ\!1ltlfllU~H1llUll:::Ul'lli1l~::: !V'lf1.11Jfl111JUIJ'WU1i

i1uitlU'IJllfl111J l'jll'liu ~ uv~ti'm~ u 'IJ'IJ~ md v~ 11 111~ "'!fl(t= .663) ~ u~ t~~IJlfl !ll tl u U'Ufl111Jr;jll-n' u

~ !l !l~ fl ll ll ~ t1'!u tJ ll Uf.l 11.1 (t= .541 )ri1U ~ tJ U lJ llfl111J Hll'li 1.1 ~ !l !l~ fl Ill~ "I'll~ fl111J f ff nl.i tl' !l Vll i 1 • • • ~11.1 5u(t= .489) Ill~ 'Ullm l'l ~ 'WtJlllliJU 1J viifl111Jff1J'Iill nl fltll'l H lJ 11lrlll ~ tJu lllltnliJ Hll'li ll~ !l ' . . !l~fllll~ lfl011llll.illl~ lll11l~l'l~ 'WOlllliJ\!11 V~~ t'Jium~;)fll tlti'Ull!l~fllll~ Ill~ ;)f1lfl'ljfl<1lfl7

mm1mmmmtliju~~lu nn'tlmm~utm:::-n'mm ~l~imm:::ifl'lntl~::: 1v'lfu ~:::Vh 1l1'1Jfl<nm ... .., . " ,& . a _1 "' ..:: .1 IJfl111JHil'Wllfl!l!l~fllll~Ullllfl1lmUn Ullll>I!Jill!l~ tm:::U'IJlllll'l"i'l'\llUIJllltJ~'IJU • •



.. 'U'fl'fl 5

m ~ 1-ij o1 ~ 1n n1 ~ u 1 '111 ~ 'lli' Vt o1m IJ 'I! 116n u ~ tl11 u u tl1lll fJ n'lill .i vv~ ti' n n 'II v ~

1Jtl<l1m 1 Hi1ollff1~~ lll.ij~'lf1~llmti!IJ ii1~qtl1:::ff~ftl';qll'flnu I) f111U1'111l'lllVt01m

IJ't.j1!6'1J!l~1J tl<l1m h ~~~ Oll ff1~ ~ lll .ij~'lf1'tlllmtliiJ 2) ~ 1111 u \Jtl111Jfjfl'!i ll .imnti'm~ 'llll~

1Jtl<~1m h ~ll Ollff1~~ llJ.ij~'lf1tllJm11!1J 11<1::: 3) tl111J UIJ'Iilllh:::wil~nn u1'111~ 'lllVt01m

IJ't.j 116nu 11111 uum11J fJfl'li ll .i vv~ti'm1 'llllHJtl<ll m 11 ~~~ oll -.r1~ ~ lll .ij~ » 1'tlll m 11 !IJ m ~ 1-ijo :JJ" .<:>..., t/'JI .<:>. o'.<:>. ..J~91•o<9

tlHll llltl1llfll~m'lfl~mVto1miJ1.jllO 1 'lfm ll\JIIll1tltl 1\Jll~ lJ ltlll (Bernadine) 'If~ ltlf1<1110~

m:::mllmm1'1!1~'11i'Vt01miJ't.j1!6 iis11~:::nnfiv I) f111.ij't1~1111U\J'IIll~ll~ftf11~ 2) m~.ijtl'lf1

1Jtltlm~hih~1ll 3) nnu1'1flm<~m~11fillii~1ll 4)nn1lnvmiJH<~:::nn'lii'llll1 5) ~1~1'<111<~:::

ff'11~11~::: 1o'lfu 1m:::m.nfit11~tnnm 1111U\Jtl111Jim'!ilJ.i!l!l~ft n n l ~~~ lJ 1Htl 'II !l~tlll<lt11'11 i1111!J'u • • IW:::nffffll (Colquitt, Iepine and Wesson) ~nrlno~tl111Jfjfl'lill.i!l!l~ftii 3;1III'U\Jflll I) tl111J

fjfl'limmm11J{un 2) tl111J r;~n'lillii\J\J.i vn1v~ 3) tl111Jfjfl'lill~11'1i-.rmll F;jl M''ll' lll.J" ~l ~ ll m~ .<:>.QI 4 "' .<:>. "j .QI 'JI I 'JI .<:>. "i d. Ql 'JI I Q 'JI t/'JI 11l0 tlll fj\Jl'lf1~ lHIHllJ fj'lf101;f\Jl'111~ 1HI~Oll '111'1flllfHJIJff1~:::fll~ll0lll ll1~1HJfjfflllJ

11<1:::1jtl<11fllff1VffU\Jff't.jll 'llll~ 1HI~Ollff1~~lll.ij~'lf1'tlllm1lj!IJ~1ll1ll 79 tlll ltl~ll~i'ill~l~ lllm~1.ijml'lllii\J\Jffll'IJOllJ tYU~~l~lllm~11tln:a1olimJ<I Hll vht1111J~ (frequency) 11<1:::

•

fvv<~::: (%) thil'JftiJIJm'llmii~ ( x) lm:::ri1lllrlo~I\JlliJ1~ll!1ll (S.D.) m~11tln:::..1thff'IJ11~::: Q " ......... " 4 ""' ff'111iff'lfff1Jl'lll1i'IJ!l~IVtV~ffll (Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient) 1m:::m~

..,. " .: 11tlll:::'lflllll'lfl (Content Analysis)

""" t/'JI ........ d ~ , .... ,;: ll1flf11l11 tln:::'lf 'lllll;j<l lftl'IJ!Hf1111~Vff111111 :::ltlll Ltltl~ll

1. mm1»wni'l'lv1m1J't.j1!6'11v~ h~llVll ff1~~ lll .ij~»1'tlllm11i!IJ 1t1vml'ln1Jvg • •

l m :::~umn 1i'ivi111n w 1~ 1volivVtu·ilvdlll ~:::~umnnn~1ll 1 tlllll v~ti 1111nmn 111m-a' vo~~il . '



91

m~ i'~'I111Jflfllll ~1l'h~1u m ~ i'~l tlu 'IJ 'IHJ~ti' m ~ m~ Nflll'll11Jl! ll::li I'll u 1 m~ 'll ~ '111H 1u Hll flU

tJiju9'i~lU mimm:;ff'l'liitJ~:; 1tJ'lfU

2. lUll'll'llfl"llllFJflliuvillll~flflmm~ljfllllm h~t~ amnii~ lu i'~'l11flumtllJll hw

fiTI'lnllllul u ~:; ~'lllllfl tdllvtllU w lt1'lu ~ 1u~m·mi1llul u ~::.l''lllllfl'l'lfl~lu 1 fl m~ v~ 111 milt ll ~1.1 • • •

lllfllllfl i U'l1l'li' lltl~~lf fi111JHfllimmfl111lfiifl fi111JHflliu~t 1'lutliiumu ull::fi111JHflliu .. .. 'U ..

' .. l!'IJ'UfllltUll~

3. fi111J -ff11li u £ ~:; '11·h~ fll ~ 'IJ ~ '111 ~ '111 Vi tll m 11 'lj,. 6ti'IJ l tlu 'll 'll fi111J FJ flli u vi ll

ll~flfllHJll~ljfllllm 1 ~ ~i1ou 1:111i~ l u i'~'l11~u mtll!ll iifi111Jffllliu £ tiu llUHiiumhtity'I'IH

uo9imi'IJ .OJ1fluiifilfi111Jffllliunfiulu'l1l~'IJ1fl'11~lljjfi111JffllliUnfiululifll;JW:;~m\'au~l1JftlJ

lliitJ-nUNll

• -=> tl~ ""'"'")I ~QI~)Io)l ,AI' ""'-1 .... -=t

lllflfllntfl~ 1:; '11'11llll<l11ltl'lll~~u H11l v t ~Ul'llllllll ufffll~ !lflu~ ltJHllfi~U . .. .. ...

1. 111 fl fln 1\luVi'll -.h m~ 'll1' '111~ '11 f Vll.llfll 11 '!!,. 6'1la ~ h ~ t~ uu 1:11 ii fll u II~ '111~

um UlJll 1 fl tJfllVl~ 11lllgl u ~ ::~'lllllfl trlafl111~ w lt 1'lu ~ ltl~ 1u Vl'llil !lgl u ~:; .l''Ulll fl'I'Jfl~ 1u 1 fl v

t~u~fi1m ~l.llllfllllfl1 U'l1l'li'au.l~lf m~ i'~'I111Jflflllt~llimu m~ i'fl~ tlu 'IJ'Il!l~ti'm~ flU Nflll'll11J

tm::m~lil'llm mm~ m~ Hllflutliju9i~lu ~l~illull::ii'l'liitl~:: 1v'lfu flllllll.l''IJ llllltdll~llllllfl

1 ~ ~ t~ ou 1:11ii flll'J u '11 u 11.1tlij u91 m~ 1 u~ lUfl ~ fflfffl { '11 ~ llfffll;J lfflfffl{ 'llll~ll'1111'11vlliuvil~'l Yi1

M1m ~ur Hmm1''11u llflm~ ili1'1i'u fl"l'llflllli1uflllH ·t'h 1 Hll'l111'11mlioviH'l iiau~:; lum~ •

l'iwuu~1u 1 HI~ vu 1:11ii~ ii~ii lllmul u flUffn '1111J flflll~I'I11Jl::1:11J 11!~ 1 !lfllffl 11' ljflflll~ii

fl111l{fl111lffllll~o Ml~llln1mu iilll~~ll1Ulfl'11f'lll'il11'11u~ ljfllllm'I'Jflfluiilllmui~f'llm~

lg!lUI"ilu'11ti~auHI1'lulinll ~~«ll~fl~!l~nmluii'o'lla~ !Vl'lf~llw i~u::ii'IJVI~ff i~.Yhm~ii'u a .... .... , .: ... .... " ..,. .... 1 ~a~ m ~VI I'll u 1 1'11 'll ~'If~ 111 fJ w fll Vim:; 'IJ 1 u fll ~ 'IJ ~ '111 ~ '11 ~Vi v1 m 11 'I!,. 1.1 'II !l ~1'111.11!1 tJVll.ll 'll lll

-.1 ~ti flff 01 uu Vi~:; m m l'lf'lfU fl m:; m 1~ fflli 1 ~ w 1:1'11 Vi 'Uil ~hu tl ~ ~ 11'1 u ll~ ti' tl ~:; flll'IJ'11li fl ~ ii •

.... " .... " Ql4 .... "' m~ 1l~l!HU mVlolm ll'\!l;Jfl m~ unmmVlmm ll'l!l;Jtl fllHl~lll!lflm Vll.llm ll'l! 1;11.1 m~ !l'lll! 'I'IU •

uiu~ fln!lll:; ff'l'l ii tl ~:; 1o'!fUIOlliJll flu li I'll u 1'11 r Vi fll m 1J 'I! 1;1 6 fll ~ tl ~:; d:l u Hll fl n tl ii u91 ~lU

l!ll::fll~!l!lfllllflnu 1hu l!lflfl 1flllll~,.f i~'lilfll~ii'm~ll~ mm~'l11~'11i'Vllllmll'l!l;J61u

ll'l111'11olliv 1 u nln'll'll!l~r :1 : m wnflmll'l111'11ullim'11fll u 1llvVl~:: ll!llJLfl~lliU1J~ Vl'llil

ll'l111'11vlli VI '11fl1 u lllvVl ~:; 11 !ll!lfl~lli u ll~ ii ~:; ~'llfln l'i11 il unum~ '11 i'Vllllmll'l!,. 6



92

-1 'JI a; "" <I !l y ..., ..., <I ..., ,... " lll:::f101J<I1tl f111<111l'm'l'ltllf11lJ'Ij'Wtl flll L '111 H1tl'm'l'ltllf11lJ'Ij'Wtl f11l'l'lili'Ul'I11'1'Wlf11 lJ'Ij 'WO

u n:::n n t111 ~ r n., 1un::: l'lo~ nu '11 i''l'l tnm lJ '4 .,ij t u fll'l'll1lJo gi u 1::: riu ll1u nn 1 ~trlonn ournou

fl1llJiflJ liu .fi;::: riunn ~ 11il u~l'l.l m;u111 n 'l'li' 'l'ltllm lJ'I.l'W V'1'11J'll > :::rium; fffl'W 1 ll; :::urn '

11 u 1o~ 1u n m11Jif1Jn u.fi ilu m> ~ <~111'11i' '1'1o1m lJu., 6tt>lf1fi 1~ilu ml 1~n u orl1t1 tu'l'll~n-11 ~>:::iii u o.s ' . 2. ~lnnll1~o'l'luilfl1llJFJnliufioo~ri'm>'llo~1Jmm 1 Ht1 vun-1ii>~ i u ~~111'01

u mlljlJ 1., om'l'l>1lJ og1 u; :::iiiuu mllj lJ 1 <~tlfll'1'1>1lJOQi m :::iiiumn trlo~ ~11 w n1v~ lU'I'IUil •

mJim:::fi1JlJlf1'11f1~l'U 1<1tllltl~fll~lf1lJlf1 illmUOtliii~ii fl1llJflfln'l.l'I1Hfl1llJnff1 fl1llJflflnll .. q .. 'Ill qJ

~tl'lullli n-mu un:::fl1lm-mliuuuufiot do~ on td o~m~111 h ~~1 ou mil >~ti'lun-muu m~ • flll fffl'W l~lj~lll fftJ~ I \'lu ~OOIJ i' 1J 1 U if ~fllJ ii1::: 1J1Jf111 ~flU llll10 ~rlflll~~ limllJ,j'U fl~ Vll hf'

"lJflnlm 'IIO~ h ~t1vu i~iilll1i'I'I~,Jumun:::litfio;~iuif ~fllJ liti~ou -i11J~1u ~~ iifl1llJ ll"'~ i~ tl'lu n-m,;nflu 11 d ~'II!H h ~~1 ou 01no>~,f~ i ~r ufi1>~ou u n u ~~ 1h 1'11' 1Jflnl m lim11J~ o~nn ~ ~::: lltJ~~t\'I'Ufl1llJI'lf1n'l.lfi OO~rlflll U1J1Jfl1llJHflnll'l1l~fl1llJ!fff1 'UOfl~lflii f111 ~ 1; ~ll till i M

'U .... ... 'II

1 1 ~ ~ . . , ~ i"i ~ ~ d Oflln'"lJflnlm >~omnut'llllJl"l'lHl'l.l 'I'll 11"lJflnlm i'l 'lffl1llJlfl1llJn'llJl>fmn:::lJm;omlJ

nili'Ul"lJflnlmol)tn'lJO i'lf'1omn-1um>nlfff1'Wlfio 1u f11W1Jflnlf11nihym1 u111 .. 1 H!l ti'U~::: • •

1 Mfl1lmhvt11HOOillJfl1llJm m::: n'lJOgt n'lJO ~~~ \'lu lli'IJ Hnli"4fln 1m fiYm\'lu 11 U"lJ'!JtJ w.i o

h ~~1 ou~~'!Jfl n1m fl1> ~:::ogvh~1u 1 u h ~~1 ou.io i llt'l'ln:::tl'lu ~ ~~'li>~fimt u 11llin-mwuo~ • •

if ~fllJlllf11> ~~1 vuri ~~ n-1lJ 1M1Jflnlm lim11J{ mllJ n'lm> tll~lJ ~um'i 1"lJflnlm n 100 n i 1l11 Hl'l.l . . i '111J iii ~u 'l.l "4fl nl m ~ ~ lj f11llJ f ffilFJflli 'l.lfiuo~fi' fll> i u I \'lu 11lu 1J 1J f11llJ FJil-n''l.l li I \'lu llif n'Ol u . .

<::1 o ~ .::S , I 0 , ~~ 1 d , ~ ~ 4 n-mu un:::f11>'11"lJflnlmmliJ~lt1l'l.l'l1~:::01o~oym~l'l.l 1111u Ht>o'l.lt'l'ln:::no >~~lm~ut>JO'I.l

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Documents

· the human resource management and organizational commitment type of demonstration school personnel in nakhon pathom province by sukhon maneerat