Lysmikroskopi

MENA3100,OBK, 01.02.11

Lysmikroskop

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Forstørrelse (magnification)

Oppløsningsevne (resolution)

Kontrast

Optisk mikroskop

Simple microscope

Lupe, forstørrelsesglass

The simple microscope

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

(1632−1723)

The compound microscope

ca. 1595 Hans Janssen

Robert Hooke(1635−1703)

Micrographia, 1664

Det sammensatte mikroskop

Don’t get too hang up in the ray tracing

Stereo microscope

Stereomikroskop

Compound microscope for transmitted light

Mikroskop for gjennomfallende lys

Inverted compound microscope for reflected light

Mikroskop for reflektert lys

www.microscopy-analysis.com/files/jwiley_microscopy/2006_Sept_Hammond.pdf

Illuminating system

Specimen

Filament

Field diaphragm

Aperture diaphragm

Condenser lens

Illuminating system

Specimen

Filament

Field diaphragm

Aperture diaphragm

Condenser lens

Köhler illumination

Uniform specimen illumination

Field diaphragmControll illuminated area

Aperture diaphragmControll angle of the coneof light

Imaging system

Specimen

Objective

Tube lens

Eyepiece

Okular

Primary image

Refraction

Kromatisk abberation

Spherical abberation

Corrections The objective

The limiting factor: Diffraction

R = 0,61/NAResolution Rayleigh criterion (Raleigh in Brandon and Kaplan)

Abbe

Numerical aperture (NA)

NA = nsin

R = 0,61/NAResolution

Oil immersion

Fouriertransformasjon

Condenser system

EyepiceOcular (okular)

More is needed than just the objective

Optical anisotropy

Calcite

Amorphous and cubic: Optically isotropic, one refracive indexHexagonal, trigonal, tetragonal: Optically anisotropic, two refractive indicesLower symmetry: Optically anisotropic, three refractive indices

Optically active crystals in the microscope

Optically active crystals in the microscope

Michel-Levy chart

Remember that geologists often call their book on microscopy on thin sections foroptical crystallography, and microscopy with reflected light is ore microscopy (malmmikroskopi).

Some web sites:http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/http://www.microscopyu.com/http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/pdfs/basicsandbeyond.pdfmaintenance:http://www.zeiss.de/C1256D18002CC306/0/1205E8CBD68054EAC125701500404705/$file/50-1-0011_e.pdf